1
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Ezzat E, Mishaqa ESI, Mohamed OA, Shehata N. Management of trihalomethanes in water by ZnO@kaolinite composite: integrated experimental and modeling studies. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:1704-1724. [PMID: 39340383 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The adsorption of trihalomethanes (THMs) from drinking water was investigated in the current study through comparison studies of kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites. The clay structural network's successful immobilization on the zincite hexagonal structure of ZnO nanoparticles' lattice layers was verified by the SEM/EDX analysis. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum removal of THMs was achieved by kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites after 60 min. The adsorption performance of the ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites was greater than that of kaolinite because the former had a larger surface area than the latter. The Freundlich isotherm model best matched the adsorption experimental data, which also reveals the existence of multilayer adsorption on a diverse surface with the greatest correlation (R2 = 0.956 and 0.954, respectively) for both nanoadsorbents using the pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), mixed 1, 2-order (MFSO), and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) models. The mechanism by which THMs in drinking water adsorb onto nanoadsorbents was examined. This revealed that both intraparticle and film diffusion were involved in the adsorption process. Kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites can be used in water treatment to remove THMs due to their great recyclable and reusable properties, even after six cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Ezzat
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed I Mishaqa
- Reference Laboratory for Drinking Water, Holding Company for Water and Wastewater, Cairo, Egypt
| | - O A Mohamed
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Nabila Shehata
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt E-mail:
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2
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Hua J, Ouyang W, Zhu X, Wang J, Yu Y, Chen M, Yang L, Yuan H, Jiang Y. Objective quantification technique and widely targeted metabolomic reveal the effect of drying temperature on sensory attributes and related non-volatile metabolites of black tea. Food Chem 2024; 439:138154. [PMID: 38071844 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Drying temperature (DT) considerably affects the flavor of black tea (BT); however, its influence on non-volatile metabolites (NVMs) and their correlations remain unclear. In this study, an objective quantification technique and widely targeted metabolomics were applied to explore the effects of DT (130 °C, 110 °C, 90 °C, and 70 °C) on BT flavor and NVMs conversion. BT with a DT of 90 °C presented the highest umami, sweetness, overall taste, and brightness color values. Using the weighted gene co-expression network and multiple factor analysis, 455 sensory trait-related NVMs were explored across six key modules. Moreover, 169 differential NVMs were screened, and flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids, organic acids, and lipids were identified as key differential NVMs affecting the taste and color attributes of BT in response to DT. These findings enrich the BT processing theory and offer technical support for the precise and targeted processing of high-quality BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Hua
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China
| | - Xizhe Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China
| | - Yaya Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China
| | - Liyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China
| | - Haibo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China.
| | - Yongwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China.
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Hu W, Li Z, Jia X, Feng X, Zhang D, Chen Y, Li X, Chen X, Zhu Z, Ji J, Luo D, Lu S. Chlorate and perchlorate in tea leaves from major producing regions in China and related human exposure risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8510-8518. [PMID: 38182951 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Chlorate and perchlorate are emerging pollutants that may interfere with thyroid function. Since they are highly water soluble, chlorate and perchlorate in tea leaves cause health concerns but have scarcely been studied. In this study, chlorate and perchlorate concentrations in 216 tea samples from different regions of China were determined. Perchlorate was detected in all the samples with a median concentration of 44.1 μg kg-1, while the chlorate detection frequency was 15.7%. We observed regional differences in perchlorate contents in tea leaves, with the highest quantity found in the central region of China. Except for dark tea, the concentration of perchlorate in tea infusions decreased with the increased number of times the tea leaves were brewed. The hazard quotients (HQs) of chlorate and perchlorate in all the samples were less than 1, suggesting negligible health risks caused by these pollutants from tea consumption. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate chlorate and perchlorate contamination in tea infusions by simulating brewing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zihan Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiaohong Jia
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yining Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiajia Ji
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Donghui Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang, 529500, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory (Hanjiang Laboratory), Chaozhou, 521000, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Yang H, Xu L, Li Y, Liu H, Wu X, Zhou P, Graham NJD, Yu W. Fe xO/FeNC modified activated carbon packing media for biological slow filtration to enhance the removal of dissolved organic matter in reused water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131736. [PMID: 37295334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The biological slow filtration reactor (BSFR) process has been found to be moderately effective for the removal of refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the treatment of reused water. In this study, bench scale experiments were conducted using a mixture of landscape water and concentrated landfill leachate as feed water, to compare a novel iron oxide (FexO)/FeNC modified activated carbon (FexO@AC) packed BSFR, with a conventional activated carbon packed BSFR (AC-BSFR), operated in parallel. The results showed that the FexO@AC packed BSFR had a refractory DOM removal rate of 90%, operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h at room temperature for 30 weeks, while under the same conditions the removal by the AC-BSFR was only 70%. As a consequence, the treatment by the FexO@AC packed BSFR substantially reduced the formation potential of trihalomethanes, and to a less extent, haloacetic acids. The modification of FexO/FeNC media raised the conductivity and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) efficiency of the AC media to accelerate the anaerobic digestion by consuming the electrons that are generated by anaerobic digestion itself, which lead to the marked improvement in refractory DOM removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Colleges of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Mail Box 306, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Peng F, Zhao R, Dong X, Yang Z, Li H. Removal and transformation of disinfection by-products in water during boiling treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138426. [PMID: 36931400 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) remain an ongoing issue because of their widespread occurrence and toxicity. Boiling is the most popular household water treatment method and can effectively remove some DBPs. However, the transformation behavior of DBPs during boiling is still unclear, and the key contributors to toxicity have not been identified. In this study, the changes in the concentrations of DBPs in the single-DBP systems and the multi-DBP systems during boiling were monitored, and in-depth discussions on the removal and transformation of DBPs in both systems were carried out. The results showed that boiling was effective in removing volatile DBPs (over 90% for TCAL, TCAN, and DCAN, and over 60% for TCM), but ineffective for non-volatile DBPs (around 20% for TCAA and below 10% for DCAA and MCAA). By hydrolysis and decarboxylation, the transformation occurred among DBPs, i.e., 55% TCAL to TCM, followed by 23% DCAN to DCAA, 22% TCAN to TCAA, and 10% TCAA to TCM. The transformations were found to be significantly influenced by other co-existing DBPs. In multi-DBP systems, the transformations of DCAN to DCAA and TCAN to TCAA were both promoted, while the transformation of TCAN to TCAA was inhibited. Transformation and volatilization are the two processes responsible for DBP removal. Toxicity estimates indicated that boiling was effective in reducing the toxicity of DBPs and improving the safety of the water, despite the interconversion of DBPs in drinking water during boiling. This study emphasized the importance of studying the interconversion behaviors of DBPs in drinking water during boiling and provided practical information for end-use drinking water safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyang Wang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Fangyuan Peng
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xuelian Dong
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, China.
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6
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Kumar M, Shekhar S, Kumar R, Kumar P, Govarthanan M, Chaminda T. Drinking water treatment and associated toxic byproducts: Concurrence and urgence. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121009. [PMID: 36634860 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reclaimed water is highly required for environmental sustainability and to meet sustainable development goals (SDGs). Chemical processes are frequently associated with highly hazardous and toxic by-products, like nitrosamines, trihalomethanes, haloaldehydes, haloketones, and haloacetic acids. In this context, we aim to summarize the formation of various commonly produced disinfection by-products (DBPs) during wastewater treatment and their treatment approaches. Owing to DBPs formation, we discussed permissible limits, concentrations in various water systems reported globally, and their consequences on humans. While most reviews focus on DBPs detection methods, this review discusses factors affecting DBPs formation and critically reviews various remediation approaches, such as adsorption, reverse osmosis, nano/micro-filtration, UV treatment, ozonation, and advanced oxidation process. However, research in the detection of hazardous DBPs and their removal is quite at an early and initial stage, and therefore, numerous advancements are required prior to scale-up at commercial level. DBPs abatement in wastewater treatment approach should be considered. This review provides the baseline for optimizing DBPs formation and advancements in the remediation process, efficiently reducing their production and providing safe, clean drinking water. Future studies should focus on a more efficient and rigorous understanding of DBPs properties and degradation of hazardous pollutants using low-cost techniques in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Sustainability Cluster, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, 803116, Bihar, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Tushara Chaminda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
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Li L, Lu J, Pang H, Zhang Z, Yang J, Li P, Yan X, Fan M. New insight into scale inhibition during tea brewing: Ca 2+/Mg 2+ complexing and alkalinity consumption. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:901-914. [PMID: 36182193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Scale not only affects the taste and color of water, but also increases the risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases associated with drinking it. As a popular beverage, tea is rich many substances that have considerable potential for scale inhibition, including protein, tea polyphenols and organic acids. In this study, the effect of tea brewing on scale formation was explored. It was found that the proteins, catechins and organic acids in tea leaves could be released when the green tea was brewed in water with sufficient hardness and alkalinity. The tea-released protein was able to provide carboxyl groups to chelate with calcium ions (Ca2+), preventing the Ca2+ from reacting with the carbonate ions (CO32-). The B rings of catechins were another important structure in the complexation of Ca2+ and magnesium ions (Mg2+). The carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the organic acids was able to form five-membered chelating rings with Ca2+ and Mg2+, resulting in a significant decrease in Ca2+ from 100.0 to 60.0 mg/L. Additionally, the hydrogen ions (H+) provided by the organic acids consumed and decreased the alkalinity of the water from 250.0 to 131.4 mg/L, leading to a remarkable reduction in pH from 8.93 to 7.73. It further prevented the bicarbonate (HCO3-) from producing CO32- when the water was heated. The reaction of the tea constituents with the hardness and alkalinity inhibited the formation of scale, leading to a significant decrease in turbidity from 10.6 to 1.4 NTU. Overall, this study provides information to help build towards an understanding of the scale inhibition properties of tea and the prospects of tea for anti-scaling in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Pengpeng Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in West China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Miaomiao Fan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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8
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Chen K, Luo X, Huang X, Zhang Z, Pang H, Yang J, Wang X, Lu J. New insights into alkalinity regulation in microflocculation-ultrafiltration process: synergistic mechanisms for scale inhibition, enhanced flocculation and mitigation of membrane fouling. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Huang H, Liang X, Li Q, Deng J, Zou J, Li X, Ma X, Li G, Chen G. High-performance reductive decomposition of trichloroacetamide by the vacuum-ultraviolet/sulfite process: Kinetics, mechanism and combined toxicity risk. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119122. [PMID: 36152441 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroacetamide (TCAcAm) is among of the nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) with high cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, which is usually detected at low concentration (μg/L) in drinking water. In this study, advanced reduction process (ARP) based on vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) was employed to eliminate TCAcAm. Compared with VUV, VUV/sulfide, and VUV/ferrous iron processes, VUV/sulfite process demonstrated excellent performance for TCAcAm decomposition, the higher removal of TCAcAm could be achieved by VUV/sulfite process (85.6 %) than VUV direct photolysis (13.5 %) due to the production of a great number of reactive species. The degradation of TCAcAm followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics well in VUV/sulfite process, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant (kobs) increased with increasing sulfite concentration. Reactive species quenching experiments demonstrated that eaq-, SO3·- and H· were involved in the degradation of TCAcAm. The in situ generated eaq-, SO3·- and HO· via VUV/sulfite process were identified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and the eaq- was proved to be the dominated species (relative contribution: 83.5 %) for TCAcAm decomposition. The second-order rate constant of TCAcAm with eaq- was determined to be 2.41 × 1010 M-1 s-1 for the first time based on competitive kinetic method. The complete TCAcAm degradation could be achieved at pH > 8.3, while TCAcAm degradation efficiency decreased to 11.9 % at pH 5.8. TCAcAm decay could be divided into two stages: rapid growth (sulfite dosage: 0.25-1.0 mM) and slow growth (sulfite dosage: 1.0-4.0 mM). The yield of eaq- was controlled by sulfite dosage, and the predict yield of eaq- increased from 3.69 × 10-14 to 2.58 × 10-12 M with increasing the sulfite dosage from 0.25 to 4.0 mM by Kintecus 6.80, which resulted in an increase in TCAcAm removal. Meanwhile, the presence of dissolved oxygen (DO), chloride (Cl-), bicarbonate (HCO3-) and humic acid (HA) posed negative influence on TCAcAm decomposition to various degrees. Dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm), trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and Cl- were identified as intermediate products, indicated that reductive dechlorination and hydrolysis coexisted during the degradation of TCAcAm in VUV/sulfite process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahan Huang
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Protection, Xiamen city, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xinrui Liang
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Protection, Xiamen city, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Protection, Xiamen city, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jing Zou
- College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guoyuan Chen
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
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10
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Zhang D, Chen L, Dong S, Luo J, Xu Z, Chu W. Dramatically increased disinfection byproducts in swimming pool water caused by commonly used urea degradants. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118987. [PMID: 36029699 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In China, urea degradants are often used in combination with chlorine in swimming pool water to remove urea. Here we report the first study about the impacts of urea degradants on urea degradation, disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation and estimated DBP-associated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Firstly, four groups of typical DBPs from six real indoor swimming pools were analyzed. The concentration of DBPs in swimming pool waters was about 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that source tap water. Notably, a rapid increase in DBPs was observed after urea degradant treatment. Simulated processes of urea removal using three commonly used urea degradants were therefore conducted in laboratory. Neither urea degradant nor chlorine alone removed urea effectively within 48 h. When applied in combination, urea degradant with sufficient chlorine rapidly removed urea by 100% within 3 h, and anti-chlorourea oligomer in urea degradants was the main contributor. Meanwhile, a remarkable increase in DBPs, especially brominated DBPs, was observed due to bromide introduction by urea degradants. For this reason, bromine incorporation factor (BIF) of DBPs dramatically increased. For instance, the BIF of dihaloacetic acids increased by 2665%-4025% after applying three urea degradants. As the highly toxic brominated DBPs were generated, attention should be paid into the potential DBP-related health risks from the use of urea degradants together with chlorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shengkun Dong
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Jiayi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zuxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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An SL, Xiong SM, Shen XB, Ni YQ, Chen W, He CD, Zhou YZ. The associations between exposure to trihalomethanes during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133524. [PMID: 34990723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the associations between the level of trihalomethanes and its metabolites in pregnancy and the risks of adverse birth outcomes. We searched the databases of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, Vip, PubMed, and Elsevier Science Direct from database establishment to July 14, 2021 and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies reporting associations between trihalomethanes level and abnormally low birth weight and preterm birth. The pooled odds ratio (OR), pooled risk ratio, and pooled risk difference with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for risk estimates. A total of 24 studies involving 1,118,037 pregnant women were finally enrolled in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. Our research found that abnormally low birth weight was associated with higher levels of total trihalomethanes (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.28, 4.68; P = 0.007). Unexpectedly, the meta-analysis indicated that higher total trihalomethanes level was associated with lower odds of preterm birth (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99; P = 0.03). Our findings indicate that trihalomethanes exposure might be a risk factor for abnormally low birth weight and that it would be prudent to minimize exposure to trihalomethanes during pregnancy because of the risk of abnormally low birth weight. Given some limitations of the systematic review and meta-analysis, our results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin An
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563060, PR China
| | - Shi-Min Xiong
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563060, PR China
| | - Xu-Bo Shen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563060, PR China
| | - Yun-Qiao Ni
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563060, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563060, PR China
| | - Cai-Die He
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563060, PR China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563060, PR China.
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Li J, Aziz MT, Granger CO, Richardson SD. Are Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) Formed in My Cup of Tea? Regulated, Priority, and Unknown DBPs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12994-13004. [PMID: 34523331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, tea is the second most consumed nonalcoholic beverage next to drinking water and is an important pathway of disinfection byproduct (DBP) exposure. When boiled tap water is used to brew tea, residual chlorine can produce DBPs by the reaction of chlorine with tea compounds. In this study, 60 regulated and priority DBPs were measured in Twinings green tea, Earl Grey tea, and Lipton tea that was brewed using tap water or simulated tap water (nanopure water with chlorine). In many cases, measured DBP levels in tea were lower than in the tap water itself due to volatilization and sorption onto tea leaves. DBPs formed by the reaction of residual chlorine with tea precursors contributed ∼12% of total DBPs in real tap water brewed tea, with the remaining 88% introduced by the tap water itself. Of that 12%, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and chloroform were the only contributing DBPs. Total organic halogen in tea nearly doubled relative to tap water, with 96% of the halogenated DBPs unknown. Much of this unknown total organic halogen (TOX) may be high-molecular-weight haloaromatic compounds, formed by the reaction of chlorine with polyphenols present in tea leaves. The identification of 15 haloaromatic DBPs using gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry indicates that this may be the case. Further studies on the identity and formation of these aromatic DBPs should be conducted since haloaromatic DBPs can have significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Md Tareq Aziz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Caroline O Granger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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