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Effects of self-management education on COVID-19 prevention in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12931. [PMID: 36644679 PMCID: PMC9831661 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To develop self-management education for preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients on hemodialysis and to verify its effects. Background During the current pandemic, studies on various areas, such as infection control in dialysis units, infection rates, clinical characteristics, treatment progress, and the emotional and psychological states of dialysis patients, have been actively reported. However, experimental research verifying the effects of interventions on infection prevention in hemodialysis patients is very rare. Methods This study included 34 patients on hemodialysis in a South Korean general hospital (18 in the experimental group and 16 in the control group). Data were collected from September to October 2021. The experimental group was provided with self-care behavior for infection prevention education for 8 weeks, and the control group was provided with usual nursing care. Results The patients on hemodialysis showed moderate fear of COVID-19, good compliance with patient role behavior and self-management efficacy, and poor handwashing practice. After the intervention, there were no significant differences concerning fear of COVID-19, compliance with patient role behavior, and self-management efficacy between the experimental and control groups. However, confidence in handwashing (subjective norm) and proper handwashing practice improved significantly in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion The infection prevention education developed in this study positively affected confidence in handwashing and proper handwashing practice in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This intervention can be used in various clinical settings where care is provided for patients with chronic illness, including those on hemodialysis.
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Yang Y, Zou S, Xu G. An update on the interaction between COVID-19, vaccines, and diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999534. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to now, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still affecting worldwide due to its highly infectious nature anrapid spread. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes, and they have a certain correlation in some aspects. Particularly, the activated renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulation state play an important role in the underlying mechanism linking COVID-19 to DKD. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor is considered a potential therapy for COVID-19 and has similarly shown organ protection in DKD. In addition, neuropilin-1 as an alternative pathway for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 also contributes to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entering the host cells, and its decreased expression can affect podocyte migration and adhesion. Here, we review the pathogenesis and current evidence of the interaction of DKD and COVID-19, as well as focus on elevated blood glucose following vaccination and its possible mechanism. Grasping the pathophysiology of DKD patients with COVID-19 is of great clinical significance for the formulation of therapeutic strategies.
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Shahidi S, Vahdat S, Atapour A, Reisizadeh S, Soltaninejad F, Maghami-Mehr A. The clinical course and risk factors in COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:6183-6189. [PMID: 36618164 PMCID: PMC9810939 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_231_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) has the most prevalent complications in COVID-19 patients. A variety of factors is involved in the disease progression and its associated outcomes. The present study aimed at both examining the correlated clinical features of COVID-19 disease and AKI and evaluating its clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods In the present retrospective study, 102 COVID-19 patients that encountered AKI were enrolled and categorized into three AKI stages. Basic and clinical characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory and imaging findings, and treatment approaches were examined. Then, clinical outcomes as well as the factors associated with the mortality of patients were evaluated. Results Diabetes was the only significant clinical characteristic among the patients (P = 0.004). An increasing trend was observed for neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.027) and potassium (K) (P = 0.006), and a decreasing trend was seen for hemoglobin (P < 0.001), albumin (P = 0.005), and calcium (P < 0.001) factors at higher stages of AKI. Secondary infection (P = 0.019) and hypoproteinemia (P = 0.018) were the most significant clinical outcomes. Chronic obstructive lung disease (OR = 1.362, P = 0.007), renal replacement therapy (OR = 2.067, P = 0.005), lung consolidation (OR = 0.722, P = 0.032), and bilateral pulmonary infiltration (OR = 4.793, P = 0.002) were the factors associated with mortality rate of COVID-19 patients with AKI. Conclusion AKI, as an important complication of COVID-19, that can predict the higher mortality rate as well as the laboratory and clinical characteristics should receive more due consideration in order to employ proper preventive or supportive treatment approaches that are the pivotal key to reduce the mortality rate in target patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Shahidi
- Department of Nephrology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Vahdat
- Department of Nephrology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sahar Vahdat, Assistant Professor of Nephrology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Abdolamir Atapour
- Department of Nephrology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shadi Reisizadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Forogh Soltaninejad
- Associate Professor of Pulmonary Diseases, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Mukherjee MD, Kumar A, Solanki PR, Verma D, Yadav AK, Chaudhary N, Kumar P. Recent Advances in Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Updates on
Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutics for COVID-19. CORONAVIRUSES 2022; 3. [DOI: 10.2174/2666796703666220302143102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract:
A more focused approach is needed to understand the SARS-CoV-2 virulence, structure, and
genomics to devise more effective diagnostic and treatment interventions as this virus can evade the immune
attack and causes life-threatening complications such as cytokine storm. The spread of the virus is
still amplifying and causing thousands of new cases worldwide. It is essential to review current diagnostics
and treatment approaches to pave the way to correct or modify our current practices to make more
effective interventions against COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccine development has moved at a breakneck
pace since the outbreak began, utilizing practically all possible platforms or tactics to ensure the success
of vaccines. A total of 42 vaccine candidates have already entered clinical trials, including promising
results from numerous vaccine candidates in phase 1 or phase 2 trials. Further, many existing drugs are
being explored on broad-spectrum antiviral medications for their use in clinical recovery against COVID-
19. The present review attempts to re-examine the SARS-CoV-2 structure, its viral life cycle, clinical
symptoms and pathogenesis, mode of transmission, diagnostics, and treatment strategies that may be useful
for resorting to more effective approaches for controlling COVID-19. Various antiviral drugs and
vaccination strategies with their strengths and weaknesses are also discussed in the paper to augment our
understanding of COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maumita D. Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201313, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Pratima R. Solanki
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Damini Verma
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201313, India
| | - Amit K. Yadav
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Navneet Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology,
Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Sri Aurobindo College, Delhi University, New Delhi-110017,
India
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5
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KEMEÇ Z, ASLAN S. The effect of COVID-19 fear on hygiene behaviors in hemodialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1130930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Current study aims to specify the fear levels and hygiene habits of hemodialysis (HD) patients infected or not infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and Method: This study was performed between 15-30 April 2021 as a case-control study whose population consisted of 124 dialysis patients treated in the dialysis unit of Batman Education and Research Hospital. In the dialysis unit, while 25 HD patients who were not present with COVID-19 were included in the control group, 25 dialysis patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 and agreed to participate in the study were included in the case group. “Patient Descriptive Form”, “COVID-19 Hygiene Scale (CHS)” and “COVID-19 Fear Scale (CFS)” were used to collect the study data.
Results: While the mean score of the Changing Hygiene Behaviors sub-dimension of the HD patients in the case group was 23.72±4.90; the mean score of the same sub-dimension belonging to the HD patients in the control group was determined as 22.40±5.25, and there was no statistically meaningful difference between the two groups. The mean CFS score of the HD patients in the case group was 13.60±7.92; while the mean CFS score of the HD patients in the control group was found to be 17.72±7.43. No statistically meaningful difference was observed between the two groups.
Conclusion: The mean CFS and CHS scores of the HD patients in the control group were higher, but no statistically meaningful difference was observed between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki KEMEÇ
- Batman Education and Research Hospital Nephrology Clinic
| | - Sinan ASLAN
- Batman University Faculty of Health Science Nursing Department
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6
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Salahuddin AFM, Hossain MI, Ali I, Azman A. Social assistance programs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: Does faith-based approach matters? ASIAN SOCIAL WORK AND POLICY REVIEW 2022; 17:ASWP12261. [PMID: 35942155 PMCID: PMC9350224 DOI: 10.1111/aswp.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper aimed to examine the role of faith-based organizations (FBOs) in the distribution of social assistance (SA) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The paper adopts a qualitative case-study approach to explore the best practices in the distribution of SA by five (5) organizations including FBOs, governmental organizations (GOs), Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), political groups, and private voluntary groups. In this study, 14 beneficiaries of SA were selected by stratified proportionate random sampling method, and five (5) key personnel were selected purposively based on their experiences in the management of SA distribution. The study found that "no-move, no touch" approach followed by FBOs is more likely to establish human rights and social justice and reduce the transmission of diseases. In contrast to the modern idea, which undermines the faith-based charity, the study proved that faith-based charity is gaining attraction as an effective approach combating global pandemic. The findings of this paper will be useful for policymakers, voluntary service workers, GO, and NGO workers to ensure the distribution of SA in a more productive and disciplined way during and after an emergency like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Ismail Hossain
- Department of Social WorkShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Isahaque Ali
- Social Work Programme, School of Social SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia
| | - Azlinda Azman
- Social Work Programme, School of Social SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia
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Huang W, Li B, Jiang N, Zhang F, Shi W, Zuo L, Liu S, Tang B. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with chronic kidney disease: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29362. [PMID: 35713437 PMCID: PMC9276167 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 is currently causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, placing extreme strain on the global health system. Vaccination is the main measure for preventing the COVID-19 epidemic, especially for high-risk groups including patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, CKD patients receiving dialysis or kidney transplant may be characterized by decreased renal function and immune disorders, which may have uncertainties in their health. This overview aims to introduce the possible impact of the COVID-19 vaccine on kidney disease and its application in patients with CKD to provide evidence for the COVID-19 vaccine in patients with CKD. The data for this study were collected from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI). The following keywords were used: "COVID-19", "COVID-19 vaccine," and "CKD". The publication time of the papers was set from the establishment of the databases to September 2021. A total of 47 studies were included, and patients with CKD are a high-risk group for COVID-19 infection and severe illness. Vaccination is a powerful tool for preventing CKD patients from COVID-19. Because of possible side effects, the recurrence or deterioration of kidney disease may occur in CKD patients after vaccination. Although vaccination for patients with CKD remains a problem, with the advantages outweighing the disadvantages, stable CKD patients should complete a vaccination plan, and doctors should be aware of the recurrence or deterioration of kidney disease and close monitoring. DATA ACCESS STATEMENT Research data supporting this publication are available from the electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbing Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Bohou Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
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Uzun Şahin C, Aydın M, Kulakaç N. Anxiety, Motivation, Stress Levels and Associated Factors Among University Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic. CYPRUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/cjms.2020.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Houssein EH, Helmy BED, Oliva D, Jangir P, Premkumar M, Elngar AA, Shaban H. An efficient multi-thresholding based COVID-19 CT images segmentation approach using an improved equilibrium optimizer. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients on Dialysis: Incidence and Outcomes in the Lazio Region, Italy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245818. [PMID: 34945114 PMCID: PMC8708577 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage kidney disease represent a frail population and might be at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The Lazio Regional Dialysis and Transplant Registry collected information on dialysis patients with a positive swab. The study investigated incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, mortality and their potential associated factors in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in the Lazio region. Method: The occurrence of infection was assessed among MHD patients included in the RRDTL from 1 March to 30 November 2020. The adjusted cumulative incidence of infection and mortality risk within 30 days of infection onset were estimated. Logistic and Cox regression models were applied to identify factors associated with infection and mortality, respectively. Results: The MHD cohort counted 4942 patients; 256 (5.2%) had COVID-19. The adjusted cumulative incidence was 5.1%. Factors associated with infection included: being born abroad, educational level, cystic renal disease/familial nephropathy, vascular disease and being treated in a dialysis center located in Local Health Authority (LHA) Rome 2. Among infected patients, 59 (23.0%) died within 30 days; the adjusted mortality risk was 21.0%. Factors associated with 30-day mortality included: age, malnutrition and fever at the time of swab. Conclusions: Factors associated with infection seem to reflect socioeconomic conditions. Factors associated with mortality, in addition to age, are related to clinical characteristics and symptoms at the time of swab.
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11
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Alfano G, Ferrari A, Magistroni R, Fontana F, Cappelli G, Basile C. The frail world of haemodialysis patients in the COVID-19 pandemic era: a systematic scoping review. J Nephrol 2021; 34:1387-1403. [PMID: 34417996 PMCID: PMC8379591 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-021-01136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing in-centre haemodialysis (HD) are particularly exposed to the dire consequences of COVID-19. The present systematic scoping review aims to identify the extent, range, and nature of articles related to COVID-19 and maintenance HD: it reports specifically the prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the HD population, implementation of strategies for the prevention, mitigation and containment of the COVID-19 pandemic in HD centres, demographic and clinical characteristics, and outcomes of the pediatric and adult HD patients. METHODS A multi-step systematic search of the literature in Pubmed, Scopus, Ovid Medline, Embase and Web of Science, published between December 1, 2019, and January 30, 2021 was performed. Two authors separately screened the titles and abstracts of the documents and ruled out irrelevant articles. A report of the papers that met inclusion criteria was performed; then, a descriptive analysis of the characteristics of the included articles and a narrative synthesis of the results were performed. RESULTS The review process ended with the inclusion of 145 articles. Most of them were based on single-centre experiences, which spontaneously developed best practices. Most studies were conducted in high-income countries (69.7%) and a part of them (9.6%) were not in English. Prevalence of COVID-19 among dialysis patients accounted for 0%-37.6%. Preventive measures were reported in 54% of the included articles, with particular emphasis on education, triage, hygiene, and containment measures. Patients experienced a heterogeneous spectrum of symptoms that led 35%-88.2% of them to hospital admission. Median and mean hospital length of stay ranged from 8 to 28.5 and 16.2 to 22 days, respectively. Admission to intensive care units varied widely across studies (from 2.6% to 70.5%) and was associated with high mortality (42.8%-100%). Overall, prognosis was poor in 0%-47% of the hospitalized patients. CONCLUSIONS This systematic scoping review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the impact of COVID-19 on the frail world of HD patients. Furthermore, it may help to implement the existing strategies of COVID-19 prevention and provide a list of unmet needs (safe transport, testing, shelter). Finally, it may be a stimulus for performing systematic reviews and meta-analyses which will form the basis for evidence-based guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Alfano
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annachiara Ferrari
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, AUSL Reggio Emilia-IRCCS S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Magistroni
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Fontana
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianni Cappelli
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Basile
- Division of Nephrology, Miulli General Hospital, Via Battisti 192, Acquaviva delle Fonti, 74121 Taranto, Italy
- Associazione Nefrologica Gabriella Sebastio, Martina Franca, Italy
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Abstract
Thus far, in 2021, 219 countries with over 175 million people have been infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus, and is the causal agent for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Due to the urgency of the situation, virtual screening as a computational modeling method offers a fast and effective modality of identifying drugs that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2. There has been an overwhelming abundance of molecular docking against SARS-CoV-2 in the last year. Due to the massive volume of computational studies, this systematic review has been created to evaluate and summarize the findings of existing studies. Herein, we report on computational articles of drugs which target, (1) viral protease, (2) Spike protein-ACE 2 interaction, (3) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and (4) other proteins and nonstructural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Based on the studies presented, there are 55 identified natural or drug compounds with potential anti-viral activity. The next step is to show anti-viral activity in vitro and translation to determine effectiveness into human clinical trials.
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Pecly IMD, Azevedo RB, Muxfeldt ES, Botelho BG, Albuquerque GG, Diniz PHP, Silva R, Rodrigues CIS. COVID-19 and chronic kidney disease: a comprehensive review. J Bras Nefrol 2021; 43:383-399. [PMID: 33836039 PMCID: PMC8428633 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2020-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney impairment in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with increased in-hospital mortality and worse clinical evolution, raising concerns towards patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). From a pathophysiological perspective, COVID-19 is characterized by an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha), causing systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Emerging data postulate that CKD under conservative treatment or renal replacement therapy (RRT) is an important risk factor for disease severity and higher in-hospital mortality amongst patients with COVID-19. Regarding RAAS blockers therapy during the pandemic, the initial assumption of a potential increase and deleterious impact in infectivity, disease severity, and mortality was not evidenced in medical literature. Moreover, the challenge of implementing social distancing in patients requiring dialysis during the pandemic prompted national and international societies to publish recommendations regarding the adoption of safety measures to reduce transmission risk and optimize dialysis treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current data convey that kidney transplant recipients are more vulnerable to more severe infection. Thus, we provide a comprehensive review of the clinical outcomes and prognosis of patients with CKD under conservative treatment and dialysis, and kidney transplant recipients and COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inah Maria D. Pecly
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Rio de Janeiro, Campus
Centro I - Presidente Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rafael B. Azevedo
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Rio de Janeiro, Campus
Centro I - Presidente Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Elizabeth S. Muxfeldt
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Rio de Janeiro, Campus
Centro I - Presidente Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universitário
Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Bruna G. Botelho
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Rio de Janeiro, Campus
Centro I - Presidente Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gabriela G. Albuquerque
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Rio de Janeiro, Campus
Centro I - Presidente Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Pedro Henrique P. Diniz
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Rio de Janeiro, Campus
Centro I - Presidente Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Silva
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Rio de Janeiro, Campus
Centro I - Presidente Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cibele I. S. Rodrigues
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências
Médicas e da Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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14
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Aziz A, Asif M, Ashraf G, Yang Q, Wang S. COVID-19 Impacts, Diagnosis and Possible Therapeutic Techniques: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1170-1184. [PMID: 33280586 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666201204154239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of COVID-19 has become a growing cause of mortalities over the globe since its major outbreak in December 2019. The scientific and medical communities are rallying to study different strains and probable mutations to develop more rapid and reliable molecular diagnostic tests and possible therapeutic approaches for SARS-CoV-2. INTRODUCTION In the first section, following the introductory part, we shed light on structural and pathogenic features of SARS-CoV-2 and risk factors related to age, gender, neonatal and comorbidities. The next section summarizes the current diagnostic tests for COVID-19, such as nucleic acid and computed tomography (CT) techniques, with further emphasis on emerging diagnostic approaches for COVID-19. METHODS Further, we also review the ongoing therapeutic practices which can block virus-host interaction, cease viral proliferation or inhibit hyperbolic host immune response with subsections on drug therapy, cell therapy, immunotherapy and herbal medicines that are being used for the possible treatment of patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Among the different promising drugs, remdesivir, by inhibiting the RNA-dependent RNA-Polymerase activity, gives much better results, including declined viral load and quick lung tissue recovery. The long-lasting repercussions of COVID-19 have also been discussed at the end. In this review, we have also critically discussed the progress in several vaccines that are under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Aziz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Muhammad Asif
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ghazala Ashraf
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shenqi Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
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15
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Hernández M, Fors E, Massuht F, Figueredo I, Caballero R, Berruz C, Ramirez Y, Bernal E, Fors M. COVID-19 infected patients in a Hemodialysis facility in Ecuador, 2020. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.02.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively analyzed the data of 38 hemodialysis patients with COVID-19, including demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from the medical records of patients from Reynadial center from April to June 2020. Of 125 patients from the clinic, 38 (30.4%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. The third part of patients (12) died, the mortality rate was 31%. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 61±13 years, 57.9% were men. The most common symptoms were shortness of breath and cough; 80% of patients had fever on admission, and more than 90% had hypertension. No significant differences were observed between survivors and non-survivors in demographic and epidemiological characteristics except for gender. We found statistically significant differences between blood pressure and weight before and after the infection by COVID-19. We found a high COVID-19 prevalence in our hemodialysis patients and a high rate of deaths among them, with non-significant statistical differences between survivors and non-survivors of the disease regarding most of the variables studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Hernández
- Clinica Reynadial, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Hospital General IESS Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador
| | - Emilio Fors
- Clinica Reynadial, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Hospital General IESS Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador
| | - Fresia Massuht
- Clinica Reynadial. Hospital General IESS Sur Valdivia, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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16
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Sargazi S, Sheervalilou R, Rokni M, Shirvaliloo M, Shahraki O, Rezaei N. The role of autophagy in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection: An overview on virophagy-mediated molecular drug targets. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1599-1612. [PMID: 33818861 PMCID: PMC8251464 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy-dependent cell death is a prominent mechanism that majorly contributes to homeostasis by maintaining the turnover of organelles under stressful conditions. Several viruses, including coronaviruses (CoVs), take advantage of cellular autophagy to facilitate their own replication. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a beta-coronavirus (β-CoVs) that mediates its replication through a dependent or independent ATG5 pathway using specific double-membrane vesicles that can be considered as similar to autophagosomes. With due attention to several mutations in NSP6, a nonstructural protein with a positive regulatory effect on autophagosome formation, a potential correlation between SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis mechanisms and autophagy can be expected. Certain medications, albeit limited in number, have been indicated to negatively regulate autophagy flux, potentially in a way similar to the inhibitory effect of β-CoVs on the process of autophagy. However, there is no conclusive evidence to support their direct antagonizing effect on CoVs. Off-target accumulation of a major fraction of FDA-approved autophagy modulating drugs may result in adverse effects. Therefore, medications that have modulatory effects on autophagy could be considered as potential lead compounds for the development of new treatments against this virus. This review discusses the role of autophagy/virophagy in controlling SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Rokni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omolbanin Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Floyd L, Stauss M, Storrar J, Vanalia P, France A, Dhaygude A. Using CPAP in COVID-19 patients outside of the intensive care setting: a comparison of survival and outcomes between dialysis and non-dialysis dependent patients. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:144. [PMID: 33882842 PMCID: PMC8059117 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a novel coronavirus associated with high mortality rates. The use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) has been recognised as a management option for severe COVID-19 (NHS, Specialty guides for patient management during the coronavirus pandemic Guidance for the role and use of non-invasive respiratory support in adult patients with coronavirus (confirmed or suspected), https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng159 ). We offered ward-based CPAP to COVID-19, dialysis patients not suitable for escalation to ICU. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of CPAP for COVID-19 dialysis patients compared to non-dialysis COVID-19 patients outside of the intensive care setting. We further aimed to investigate factors associated with improved outcomes. METHODS Data was collected from a single centre (Royal Preston Hospital, UK), from March to June 2020. Treatment outcomes were compared for dialysis and non-dialysis dependent patients who received CPAP with limitations on their escalation and resuscitation status. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression models were used to compare outcomes. The primary study outcome was 30 day mortality. Confounders including length of admission, systemic anticoagulation and ultrafiltration volumes on dialysis were also analysed. RESULTS Over the study period, 40 dialysis patients tested positive for COVID-19, with 30 requiring hospital admission. 93% (n = 28) required supplementary oxygen and 12% (n = 9) required CPAP on the ward. These patients were compared to a serial selection of 14 non-dialysis patients treated with CPAP during the same period. Results showed a significant difference in 30 day survival rates between the two groups: 88.9% in the dialysis group vs. 21.4% in the non-dialysis group. Statistical modelling showed that anticoagulation was also an important factor and correlated with better outcomes. CONCLUSION This is to the best of our knowledge, the largest series of COVID-19 dialysis patients treated with CPAP in a ward-based setting. In general, dialysis dependent patients have multiple co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus making them vulnerable to COVID-19 and not always suitable for treatment in ICU. We showed a significantly lower 30 day mortality rate with the use of CPAP in the dialysis group (11.1%) compared to the non-dialysis group (78.6%). Despite a small sample size, we believe this study provides impetus for further work clarifying the role of CPAP in treating COVID-19 dialysis dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Floyd
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK.
| | - Madelena Stauss
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Joshua Storrar
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Parthvi Vanalia
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Anna France
- University of Central Lancashire, Lancashire, UK
| | - Ajay Dhaygude
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
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18
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Etemadi J, Bordbar S, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Hajivalili M, Aghebati-Maleki L, Motavalli R, Mahmoodpoor A, Shahmohammadi-Farid S, Abedi Azar S, Niknafs B, Roshangar L, Babaloo Z, Ahmadian Heris J, Hosseini M, Shareghi-Oskoue O, Parhizkar F, Khosroshahi HT, Yousefi M. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Antibodies in Asymptomatic Hemodialysis Patients. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:993-1004. [PMID: 33752550 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1899202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Since the outbreak of the new coronavirus pandemic, the importance of carrying out an infection check to prevent acquisition and transmission among end-stage renal disease patients (ESRD) under maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) has become a major concern in the health care system. Applying serology screening tests could enlighten the view with regards to disease prevalence in dialysis wards.Methods: We subjected 328 end-stage renal disease patients to maintenance hemodialysis. After dividing patients into suspicious and non-suspicious groups for COVID-19 infection based on their clinical manifestation, they were investigated for SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG screening against nucleoprotein (NP), spike protein (SP), and receptor-binding domain (RBD), utilizing our recently developed ELISA tests.Results: We found that approximately 10.1% of asymptomatically tested cases were antibody positive. Although IgG positivity showed a higher prevalence than IgM across all three virus antigen subunits, there were no significant differences among mentioned immunoglobulins of the studied groups. The most prevalent antibody was from the IgG subtype against virus nucleoprotein (NP), while the lowest prevalence was attributed to receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgM.Conclusion: High seropositive rate among asymptomatic end-stage renal disease patients, as a sample of high-risk population, reflected the importance of considering SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody screening for disease containment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Etemadi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shima Bordbar
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hajivalili
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Roza Motavalli
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Shahmohammadi-Farid
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Abedi Azar
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Niknafs
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseini
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Forough Parhizkar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Ng TSB, Leblanc K, Yeung DF, Tsang TSM. Medication use during COVID-19: Review of recent evidence. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2021; 67:171-179. [PMID: 33727376 PMCID: PMC7963004 DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6703171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To keep health care providers, in response to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, informed about the medications that have been proposed to treat the disease and the evidence supporting their use. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE A narrative review of medications most widely used to treat COVID-19 was conducted, outlining the best available evidence for each pharmacologic treatment to date. Searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE using key words COVID-19 and treatment, as well as related terms. Relevant research studies conducted in human populations and cases specific to patients with COVID-19 were included, as were relevant hand-searched papers and reviews. Only articles in English and Chinese were included. MAIN MESSAGE While current management of patients with COVID-19 largely involves supportive care, without a widely available vaccine, practitioners have also resorted to repurposing medications used for other indications. This has caused considerable controversy, as many of these treatments have limited clinical evidence supporting their use and therefore pose implications for patient safety, drug access, and public health. For instance, medications such as hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers gained widespread media attention owing to hype, misinformation, or misinterpretation of research evidence. CONCLUSION Given the severity of the pandemic and the potential broad effects of implementing safe and effective treatment, this article provides a narrative review of the current evidence behind the most widely used medications to treat COVID-19 in order to enable health care practitioners to make informed decisions in the care of patients with this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Brandon Ng
- Medical student in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver
| | - Kori Leblanc
- Assistant Professor in the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Toronto in Ontario
| | - Darwin F Yeung
- Clinical Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of British Columbia
| | - Teresa S M Tsang
- Director of Echocardiography at Vancouver General Hospital and the UBC Hospital, and Professor of Medicine in the Division of Cardiology and Associate Head of Research for the Department of Medicine at the University of British Columbia.
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20
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Ng TSB, Leblanc K, Yeung DF, Tsang TSM. Médicaments utilisés durant la COVID-19. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2021; 67:e69-e78. [PMID: 33727386 PMCID: PMC7963008 DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6703e69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectif En réponse à la pandémie actuelle de maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), garder les médecins au fait des médicaments qui ont été proposés pour combattre la maladie, et des données probantes à l’appui de leur utilisation. Sources d’information Une revue narrative des médicaments les plus fréquemment utilisés pour combattre la COVID-19 a été réalisée, afin de souligner les meilleures données probantes disponibles concernant chaque traitement pharmacologique jusqu’ici. Des recherches ont été effectuées sur PubMed, EMBASE et MEDLINE à l’aide des mots-clés anglais COVID-19 et treatment , ainsi que d’autres mots-clés connexes. Ont été inclus les études pertinentes menées auprès de populations humaines et des cas de patients atteints de la COVID-19, ainsi que les articles et revues relevés à la main. Seuls les articles rédigés en anglais et en chinois ont été retenus. Message principal Alors que la prise en charge actuelle des patients atteints de la COVID-19 consiste principalement en soins de soutien, sans accès aux vaccins, les praticiens se sont tournés vers des médicaments utilisés dans d’autres indications. Cela a causé une grande controverse, puisque des données cliniques limitées étayaient l’utilisation de beaucoup de ces traitements, et cela pouvait se répercuter sur la sécurité du patient, l’accès aux médicaments et la santé publique. Par exemple, les médicaments tels que l’hydroxychloroquine et la chloroquine, le lopinavir-ritonavir, les anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens, les inhibiteurs de l’enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine et les antagonistes des récepteurs de l’angiotensine ont capté l’attention des médias en raison de la médiatisation, de la mésinformation ou de la mauvaise interprétation des données de recherche. Conclusion Vu la gravité de la pandémie et les vastes effets éventuels de l’adoption de traitements sûrs et efficaces, cet article se veut être une revue narrative des données probantes actuelles étayant les médicaments les plus utilisés pour le traitement de la COVID-19 afin de permettre aux professionnels de la santé de prendre des décisions éclairées en matière de soins pour les patients qui sont atteints de cette maladie potentiellement mortelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Brandon Ng
- Étudiant en médecine à la faculté de médecine de l'Université de la Colombie-Britannique à Vancouver
| | - Kori Leblanc
- Professeure adjointe à la faculté de pharmacie Leslie Dan de l'Université de Toronto en Ontario
| | - Darwin F Yeung
- Professeur clinique adjoint à la faculté de médecine de l'Université de la Colombie-Britannique
| | - Teresa S M Tsang
- Directrice de l'échocardiographie à l'Hôpital Vancouver General Hospital et UBC Hospital, et elle est professeure de médecine à la division de cardiologie et directrice associée de recherche au département de médecine de l'Université de la Colombie-Britannique.
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21
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Feng Z, Chen Y, Wu Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang W. Kidney involvement in coronavirus-associated diseases (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:361. [PMID: 33732334 PMCID: PMC7903379 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2003, coronaviruses have caused multiple global pandemic diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical and autopsy findings suggest that the occurrence of kidney injury during infection may negatively affect the clinical outcomes of infected patients. The authoritative model predicts that outbreaks of other novel coronavirus pneumonias will continue to threaten human health in the future. The aim of the present systematic review was to summarize the basic knowledge of coronavirus, coronavirus infection-associated kidney injury and the corresponding therapies, in order to provide new insights for clinicians to better understand the kidney involvement of coronavirus so that more effective therapeutic strategies can be employed against coronavirus infection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicai Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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22
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Bitencourt L, Pedrosa AL, de Brito SBCS, Fróes ACF, de Carvalho ST, Fonseca GG, Ferreira GC, Fradico PF, Simões E Silva AC. COVID-19 and Renal Diseases: An Update. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:52-67. [PMID: 33050860 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201013151300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It becomes increasingly evident that the SARS-CoV-2 infection is not limited to the respiratory system. In addition to being a target of the virus, the kidney also seems to have a substantial influence on the outcomes of the disease. METHODS Data was obtained by a comprehensive and non-systematic search in the PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and SciELO databases, using mainly the terms "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19", "chronic kidney disease", "renal transplantation", acute kidney injury" and "renal dysfunction" Discussion: The membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is the receptor for SARS-CoV- -2, and this interaction may lead to an imbalance of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), associated with worse clinical presentations of COVID-19, including acute pulmonary injury, hyperinflammatory state and hematological alterations. In the framework of renal diseases, the development of acute kidney injury is associated mostly with immune alterations and direct cytopathic lesions by the virus, leading to higher mortality. As for chronic kidney disease, the patients at a non-terminal stage have a worse prognosis, while the hemodialysis patients appear to have mild courses of COVID-19, probably due to lower chances of being affected by the cytokine storm. Furthermore, the current scenario is unfavorable to kidney donation and transplantation. The relationship between COVID-19 and immunosuppression in kidney transplantation recipients has been greatly discussed to determine whether it increases mortality and how it interacts with immunosuppressive medications. CONCLUSION The kidney and the RAS exert fundamental roles in the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and more research is required to have a complete understanding of the repercussions caused by COVID-19 in renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Bitencourt
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Pedrosa
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Bruna Camilo Soares de Brito
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Fontoura Fróes
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sarah Tayná de Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giulio Gori Fonseca
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Costa Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna Faria Fradico
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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23
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Chagas GCL, Rangel AR, Noronha LM, da Silva Jr. GB, Meneses GC, Martins AMC, Daher EDF. COVID-19 and Kidney: a narrative review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9304202100s200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract COVID-19 is a pandemic associated with systemic clinical manifestations. In this study, we aimed to present a narrative review on kidney involvement in COVID-19. Kidney involvement could be derived from direct cytopathic effects, immunological mechanisms, indirect effects on renal tissue through other mediators, and dysfunction or injury of other organs. The evolution of COVID-19 may be complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in a significant percentage of patients, and renal dysfunction seems to be associated with worse prognosis. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) seem to be more susceptible to the severe forms of COVID-19. Patients with renal replacement therapy (RRT) are also a vulnerable population as consequence of their advanced age, underlying comorbidities, impaired immune response, and clustering in hemodialysis centers, with requirements for frequent contact with healthcare services. Kidney transplant patients may be at high-risk due to long-term immunosuppression and comorbidities, hence, managing immunosuppression is imperative. Lastly, renal replacement therapy may be required during COVID-19, and different modalities are discussed based on clinical findings and laboratorial aspects. Therefore, COVID-19 seems to affect kidney by different mechanisms, which contributes for AKI development and increases the severity of the disease. Also, patients with CKD and kidney transplant recipients are at higher risk for COVID-19 and mortality.
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24
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Stolić R, Bukumirić D, Jovanović M, Nikolić T, Labudović T, Mitrović V, Bulatović K, Sovtić S, Miljković D, Balović A, Krivcević R, Jovanović S. A new scoring system for Covid-19 in patients on hemodialysis: Modified Early Warning score. PRAXIS MEDICA 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/pramed2102001s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. At the very beginning of the Corona virus epidemic there was not enough data on whether hemodialysis patients have a higher risk for Corona virus infection and which factors may affect the severity of clinical picture. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the significance of the Modified Early Warning Assessment (MEWS) score for the assessment of coronavirus disease exacerbation. Methods. The research was conducted in COVID dialysis, as a retrospective, descriptive-analytical study, at the University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Serbia, which was organized ad-hoc for treatment of SARS-Cov-2 infection positive patients, which are transfered from Center for Hemodialysis "Ćuprija". They were evaluated routine laboratory findings, demographic and gender structure, arterial blood pressure, presence of comorbidities and residual diuresis, duration of dialysis, radiological evaluation of lungs, determination of MEWS score were the parameters that were monitored. The results were monitored on admission and and in the end of treatment. Results. A statistically significant difference was registered in serum lactate dehydrogenase concentration (486 ± 107.62 vs. 423.7 ± 92.4 U/L); p = 0.022 and absolute monocyte count (0.46 ± 0.15 vs. 0.67 ± 0.34 x 103; p = 0.008). The significant increase in MEWS score was also found (b = 0.017; p = 0.030). There was a positive correlation between increase of MEWS score and age (b = 0.027; p = 0.002) and arterial hypertension as a concomitant comorbidity (b = 0.700; p = 0.033). Conclusion. In the observed period, there was a significant increase in the degree of MEWS score of dialysis patients who had SARS-Cov-2 infection.
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25
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Automated Methods for Detection and Classification Pneumonia Based on X-Ray Images Using Deep Learning. STUDIES IN BIG DATA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74575-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Alavi M, Asare-Addo K, Nokhodchi A. Lectin Protein as a Promising Component to Functionalize Micelles, Liposomes and Lipid NPs against Coronavirus. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E580. [PMID: 33297444 PMCID: PMC7762367 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of a novel strain coronavirus as the causative agent of COVID-19 pneumonia, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has resulted in considerable focus on virulence abilities of coronavirus. Lectins are natural proteins with the ability to bind specific carbohydrates related to various microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Lectins have the ability to agglutinate and neutralize these pathogeneses. The delivery of the encapsulated antiviral agents or vaccines across the cell membrane can be possible by functionalized micellar and liposomal formulations. In this mini-review, recent advances and challenges related to important lectins with inhibition activities against coronaviruses are presented to obtain a novel viewpoint of microformulations or nanoformulations by micellar and liposomal cell-binding carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Alavi
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah 67146, Iran
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceuics Research Laboratory, Arundel Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
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Tayebi Khosroshahi H, Mardomi A, Niknafs B, Farnood F, Shekarchi M, Salehi S, Fadaei Haggi T. Current status of COVID-19 among hemodialysis patients in the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Hemodial Int 2020; 25:214-219. [PMID: 33275317 PMCID: PMC7753527 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Management of vulnerable patients during the COVID-19 pandemic requires careful precautions. Hemodialysis patients constitute a large group of at-risk patients that not only suffer from a compromised immune system but also are at a higher risk due to frequent admission to healthcare units. Therefore, a better understanding on the pathogenesis and possible risk factors of COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients is of high importance. METHODS A total of 670 maintained hemodialysis patients from all dialysis units of the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran, including 44 COVID-19 patients were included in the present study. Possible associations between the backgrounds of patients and the incidence of COVID-19 were assessed. Also, hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 were compared to 211 nonhemodialysis COVID-19 patients. FINDINGS Chronic glomerulonephritis patients and those with blood group A demonstrated a higher incidence of COVID-19. On the other hand, patients with blood group AB+ and those with hypertension etiology of kidney failure demonstrated a lower incidence of COVID-19. Hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 had higher counts of polymorphonuclears (PMNs) in their peripheral blood compared to other COVID-19 patients. DISCUSSION A better comprehension on the risk factors associated with COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients can improve our understanding on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in different situations and help the enhancement of current therapeutics for COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Mardomi
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Bahram Niknafs
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farahnoosh Farnood
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Couchoud C, Bayer F, Ayav C, Béchade C, Brunet P, Chantrel F, Frimat L, Galland R, Hourmant M, Laurain E, Lobbedez T, Mercadal L, Moranne O. Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients. Kidney Int 2020; 98:1519-1529. [PMID: 32858081 PMCID: PMC7445552 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Couchoud
- REIN Registry, Agence de la biomédecine, Saint-Denis La Plaine, France.
| | - Florian Bayer
- REIN Registry, Agence de la biomédecine, Saint-Denis La Plaine, France
| | - Carole Ayav
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU)-Nancy, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Epidémiologie Clinique, Nancy, France
| | | | - Philippe Brunet
- Nephrology Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM) University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - François Chantrel
- Nephrology Department, Groupe Hospitalier Régional (GHR) Mulhouse Sud-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Luc Frimat
- University of Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU)-Nancy, Vandoeuvre, France
| | | | | | - Emmanuelle Laurain
- University of Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU)-Nancy, Vandoeuvre, France
| | | | - Lucile Mercadal
- Nephrology Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Moranne
- Nephrology-Dialysis-Apheresis Department, Nîmes University Hospital, France
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Naciri A, Achbani A, Baba MA, Bouchriti Y, Sine H, Kharbach A. COVID-19 and End-stage Kidney Disease in Morocco: Staying Safe during Dialysis. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/jcei/9280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Farooq S, Ngaini Z. Natural and Synthetic Drugs as Potential Treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019). CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2020. [PMCID: PMC7682129 DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic in a short period, where a tragically large number of human lives being lost. It is an infectious pandemic that recently infected more than two hundred countries in the world. Many potential treatments have been introduced, which are considered potent antiviral drugs and commonly reported as herbal or traditional and medicinal treatments. A variety of bioactive metabolites extracts from natural herbal have been reported for coronaviruses with some effective results. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved numerous drugs to be introduced against COVID-19, which commercially available as antiviral drugs and vaccines. In this study, a comprehensive review is discussed on the potential antiviral remedies based on natural and synthetic drugs. This review highlighted the potential remedies of COVID-19 which successfully applied to patients with high cytopathic inhibition potency for cell-to-cell spread and replication of coronavirus.
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31
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Dadson P, Tetteh CD, Rebelos E, Badeau RM, Moczulski D. Underlying Kidney Diseases and Complications for COVID-19: A Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:600144. [PMID: 33330565 PMCID: PMC7719811 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.600144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence supporting that patients with kidney diseases are particularly vulnerable to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The review was conducted to examine the risk and complications of COVID-19 among patients with confirmed cases of underlying kidney disease. A search of Google Scholar, PubMed and Science direct databases to August 2020 was conducted using search terms pertaining to kidney diseases, renal insufficiency, kidney injury, angiotensin receptors, hemodialysis, and kidney transplant. We briefly reviewed COVID-19 in the context of kidney diseases. A significant proportion of hospitalized patients for COVID-19 have acute kidney injury, which further deteriorates their prognosis. COVID-19 increases morbidity and mortality among people already diagnosed with kidney disorders and obesity due to multiple organ injury caused by the SARS-CoV-2. This review supports the need for clinicians to carefully manage and monitor all patients with renal disorders in order to minimize acute kidney injuries. Although some therapeutic drugs have been suggested by some studies, treatment should be administered cautiously not to worsen the condition of the kidney. Further studies are required to highlight the efficient management of patients with underlying kidney diseases, who are infected with SARS-CoV-2. With proactive systematic screening and triaging, close monitoring and prompt management of coexisting other infections, the COVID-19 disease burden among these patients could be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Dadson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrodiabetology, Medical University of Łódz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Comfort Dede Tetteh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Robert M. Badeau
- Department of Health Science, Indiana Institute of Technology, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Dariusz Moczulski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrodiabetology, Medical University of Łódz, Łódz, Poland
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Akbarialiabad H, Kavousi S, Ghahramani A, Bastani B, Ghahramani N. COVID-19 and maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic scoping review of practice guidelines. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:470. [PMID: 33172405 PMCID: PMC7653213 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has substantially impacted the provision of medical services. During the pandemic, many medical services, including facilities providing care to patients with end stage renal disease faced challenges in safeguarding patients and staff while providing clinical care. This study aims to identify the extent, range, and nature of articles related to COVID-19 and maintenance hemodialysis to understand the research gaps and propose recommendations for future research. Methods Using the terms: “Dialysis” OR “RRT” OR “Renal replacement therapy” AND “SARS-COV-2” OR “COVID-19” OR “novel coronavirus” OR “2019-nCov”, we performed a multi-step systematic search of the literature in the English language in Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science published from December 1, 2019, to May 13, 2020. Two authors separately screened the title and abstracts of the documents and ruled out irrelevant articles. We obtained a full report of the papers that met our inclusion criteria and screened the full texts. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the characteristics of the included articles and performed a narrative synthesis of the results. We conducted this scoping review in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. Results We included 22 articles in this scoping review. Perspectives (n = 9), editorials (n = 4), and case series (n = 5) were the most common types of articles. Most articles were from Italy and the United States. Seventeen (77.3%) of the articles focused on the topic of recommendation for outpatient hemodialysis units. While many of the recommendations overlapped in several articles, there were also many unique recommendations. Conclusions most of the articles are based on single-center experience, which spontaneously developed best practices. Many of these practices have formed the basis for policies and guidelines that will guide future prevention of infection and management of patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Akbarialiabad
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Medical School, Zand Street, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran
| | - Shahin Kavousi
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Medical School, Zand Street, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran
| | - Aria Ghahramani
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Bahar Bastani
- Medicine-Nephrology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 3635 Vista Ave, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nasrollah Ghahramani
- Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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The first case of COVID-19 pneumonia in a hemodialysis patient in Japan. CEN Case Rep 2020; 9:404-408. [PMID: 32557209 PMCID: PMC7300373 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-020-00495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
On 31 December 2019, cases of pneumonia whose cause was later identified as SARS-CoV-2 were detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China, and now COVID-19 has spread worldwide. On March 1, 2020, a 69-year-old Japanese man who had been on hemodialysis for 3 years was diagnosed as having COVID-19 pneumonia and hospitalized at our Medical Center. Pulmonary CT revealed bilateral multiple consolidation with bilateral pleural effusion. Aggressive weight reduction was needed to improve the patient’s respiratory condition. Hemodialysis therapy was performed in isolation with hydroxychloroquine administration, but the formation of a dialysis membrane clot forced the withdrawal of dialysis therapy. Changing the dialysis membrane material and anticoagulant enabled the resumption of dialysis therapy, allowing the body weight to correct downward. On the 5th hospitalization day, the patient’s fever dropped and he showed improved oxygenation and chest X-ray. He was eventually discharged. The hydroxychloroquine and appropriate fluid management may have contributed to the patient’s recovery. Clinicians should pay close attention to avoid dialysis-related problems when treating a patient with COVID-19.
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COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients in Colombia: Report of seven cases. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2020; 40:50-67. [PMID: 33152188 PMCID: PMC7676842 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A finales del 2019 se inició en Wuhan, China, el brote de un nuevo coronavirus que se dispersó por todo el mundo infectando y cobrando miles de vidas. Se ha encontrado que ciertas comorbilidades constituyen factores de riesgo para resultados poco satisfactorios de la enfermedad, pero es poco lo que se ha descrito sobre pacientes en hemodiálisis, a pesar de tratarse de una población de alto riesgo de infección, complicaciones y muerte. En este artículo se describe el curso clínico, las manifestaciones clínicas y las complicaciones de la COVID-19 en siete pacientes en hemodiálisis permanente y se hacen recomendaciones para el manejo de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica.
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Creput C, Fumeron C, Toledano D, Diaconita M, Izzedine H. COVID-19 in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Prevalence and Asymptomatic Screening During a Period of High Community Prevalence in a Large Paris Center. Kidney Med 2020; 2:716-723.e1. [PMID: 33106788 PMCID: PMC7577867 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Due to extensive comorbid conditions, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a poor prognosis in people receiving maintenance hemodialysis. In this article, we describe our experience with 200 maintenance hemodialysis patients in a hemodialysis center that used universal reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing, including 38 COVID-19–positive patients. Study Design Descriptive observational cohort, including the time line of patient diagnoses along with contextual events including precautions, testing, screening algorithms, clinical diagnostics and therapy, and the clinical course of COVID-19–infected patients and their final outcomes. Setting & Participants 200 patients within a single hemodialysis center with 2 dialysis clinics in Paris. Results Among 200 maintenance hemodialysis patients, 38 (19%) had COVID-19 diagnosed; of these, 15 (39.5%) were admitted to the hospital, including 4 who required intensive care unit (ICU) care. There were 8 (21%) deaths. The most common symptom was fever, followed by dry cough, fatigue, and dyspnea. All COVID-19–infected patients had lymphopenia and an increase in C-reactive protein levels. Median time from the onset of respiratory symptoms to ICU admission was 1 to 2 days. Durations of non-ICU hospitalizations and ICU stays were 7 and 13 days, respectively. Limitations Retrospective study, single hemodialysis center. Conclusions Dialysis patients are a highly susceptible population and hemodialysis centers are a high-risk area in a COVID-19 epidemic. “Unexplained” lymphopenia and/or an increase in C-reactive protein level should lead physicians to the diagnosis of COVID-19 and should, when possible, be followed by diagnostic testing with universal reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, as well as the reinforcement of contamination barrier measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hassan Izzedine
- Department of Nephrology, Peupliers Private Hospital, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Paris, France
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36
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Kotecha P, Light A, Checcucci E, Amparore D, Fiori C, Porpiglia F, Dasgupta P, Elhage O. Repurposing of drugs for Covid-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Panminerva Med 2020; 64:96-114. [PMID: 33073552 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.20.04024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the data currently available regarding the repurposing of different drugs for Covid-19 treatment. Participants with suspected or diagnosed Covid-19 will be included. The interventions being considered are drugs being repurposed, and comparators will include standard of care treatment or placebo. METHODS We searched Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, clinical trial registration site in the UK(NIHR), Europe (clinicaltrialsregister.eu), US (ClinicalTrials.gov) and internationally (isrctn.com), and reviewed the reference lists of articles for eligible articles published up to April 22, 2020. All studies in English that evaluated the efficacy of the listed drugs were included. Cochrane RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tool were used to assess study quality. This systematic review adheres to the PRISMA guidelines. The protocol is available at PROSPERO (CRD42020180915). RESULTS From 708 identified studies or clinical trials, 16 studies and 16 case reports met our eligibility criteria. Of these, 6 were randomized controlled trials (763 patients), 7 cohort studies (321 patients) and 3 case series (191 patients). Chloroquine (CQ) had a 100% discharge rate compared to 50% with lopinavir-ritonavir at day 14, however a trial has recommended against a high dosage due to cardiotoxic events. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has shown no significant improvement in negative seroconversion rate which is also seen in our meta-analysis (p=0.68). Adverse events with HCQ have a significant difference compared to the control group (p=0.001). Lopinavir-ritonavir has shown no improvement in time to clinical improvement which is seen in our meta-analyses (p=0.1). Remdesivir has shown no significant improvement in time to clinical improvement but this trial had insufficient power. DISCUSSION Due to the paucity in evidence, it is difficult to establish the efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of Covid-19 as currently there is no significant clinical effectiveness of the repurposed drugs. Further large clinical trials are required to achieve more reliable findings. A risk-benefit analysis is required on an individual basis to weigh out the potential improvement in clinical outcome and viral load reduction compared to the risks of the adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Kotecha
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Light
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Enrico Checcucci
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Amparore
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristian Fiori
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK -
| | - Oussama Elhage
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Verma A, Patel AB, Tio MC, Waikar SS. Caring for Dialysis Patients in a Time of COVID-19. Kidney Med 2020; 2:S2590-0595(20)30206-5. [PMID: 33073227 PMCID: PMC7553995 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a pandemic and a public health emergency. The overwhelming rise in the number of cases has brought significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are highly vulnerable with the multiple comorbidities that make them susceptible to adverse outcomes with COVID-19. Over 2 million people worldwide receive maintenance hemodialysis (HD) at outpatient centers. Effectively preventing the spread of infection among HD centers, healthcare personnel, and patients is essential to ensure the continued delivery of dialysis to ESKD patients. This article discusses dialysis patients' care during COVID-19, addressing measures for patient and health care personnel protection and care of dialysis patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Verma
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Boston, MA
| | - Ankit B. Patel
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Boston, MA
| | - Maria Clarissa Tio
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Boston, MA
| | - Sushrut S. Waikar
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
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38
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Hoseinzadeh E, Safoura Javan, Farzadkia M, Mohammadi F, Hossini H, Taghavi M. An updated min-review on environmental route of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:111015. [PMID: 32800237 PMCID: PMC7346818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The risk of newly emerging diseases is constantly present in a world where changes occur significantly in climatic, commercial, and ecological conditions, in addition to the development of biomedical investigations in new situations. An epidemic respiratory disease instigated by a new coronavirus was initially identified in and has resulted in the current global dissemination. This viral strain and its related disease has been termed "SARS-CoV-2" and "coronavirus disease 2019" (abbreviated "COVID-19" or "2019-nCoV"), respectively, which is transmitted simply between individuals. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 outburst as a pandemic on March 11, which necessitates a cooperative endeavour globally for mitigating the spread of COVID-19. The absence of previous, and minimum present-day information, particularly concerning the path of contagion have precluded the control of this disease. The present article, therefore, describes the SARS-CoV-2 paths of contagion such as drinking water, solid waste, sewer water, ambient air, and the rest of emerging likely paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Hoseinzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
| | - Safoura Javan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farshid Mohammadi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Hooshyar Hossini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Taghavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only causes pulmonary inflammation but also causes multiple organ damages, including the kidney. ACE2, as one of the receptors for SARS-CoV-2 intrusion, is widely distributed in kidney tissues. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are still unclear. Here, we review the recent findings of characteristics of COVID-19 in CKD patients and highlight the possible mechanisms of kidney injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We then discuss the emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing kidney damage and protecting kidney function including virus removal, immunotherapy, supporting treatment, special blood purification therapy, etc. Problems unresolved and challenges ahead are also discussed.
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40
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Molaei H, Khedmat L, Nemati E, Rostami Z, Saadat SH. Iranian kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection: Clinical outcomes and cytomegalovirus coinfection. Transpl Infect Dis 2020; 23:e13455. [PMID: 32881220 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a high risk of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) because of chronic immunosuppression and severe cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis. CASE PRESENTATION A case series of 10 KTRs with COVID-19 in Iran was developed. Participants consisted of two female and eight male patients, aged 46-68 years old. The data related to clinical laboratory tests, outcomes, diagnosis, and drug treatments were collected. The RT-PCR confirmed the COVID-19 infection in KTRs. The assessment of serum biochemical and blood hematological factors showed that there was a strong correlation between COVID-19 intensity and high serum Cr, BUN, and ALT levels, high CRP concentration, and lower lymphocyte and platelet counts in male KTRs. Ground-glass opacity (GGO) was the main radiologic pattern visible on both chest radiographs of computed tomography scans. The COVID-19 and CMV coinfection in KTRs resulted in large-size kidneys with severe parenchymal echogenicity and hydronephrosis. The combined use of effective antibiotic and antiviral drugs was suitable to prevent COVID-19 progression in KTRs. CONCLUSIONS The coincidence of COVID-19 and CMV in KTRs may potentially increase the mortality risk of patients. The levels of Cr, BUN, ALT, and CRP as well as lymphocytes count in these patients should be continuously controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Molaei
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khedmat
- Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eghlim Nemati
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rostami
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Saadat
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Otsubo S, Aoyama Y, Kinoshita K, Goto T, Otsubo Y, Kamano D, Sumura R, Shinzawa S, Abe T, Noda R, Kobayashi R, Yanagi M, Nitta K, Ishibashi Y. Prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 infected hemodialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial 2020; 25:356-358. [PMID: 32713131 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Otsubo
- Department of Nephrology, Sangenjaya Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Blood Purification, Tohto Sangenjaya Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Aoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Sangenjaya Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Taijiro Goto
- Department of Nephrology, Sangenjaya Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Otsubo
- Department of Nephrology, Sangenjaya Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamano
- Division of Nephrology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rena Sumura
- Division of Nephrology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoki Shinzawa
- Division of Nephrology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Noda
- Division of Nephrology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Yanagi
- Division of Nephrology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nitta
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Noor R. Antiviral drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection triggering the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. Tzu Chi Med J 2020; 33:7-12. [PMID: 33505872 PMCID: PMC7821824 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_100_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, lots of analyses have been conducted to invent the appropriate therapeutic targets for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The category and the strategies for treating the virus are described in this review together with mentioning some specific drugs. Of them, saikosaponin possesses affinity of the drug toward nonstructural protein 15 and the spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2. The nucleotide inhibitors such as sofosbuvir, ribavirin, galidesivir, remdesivir, favipiravir, cefuroxime, tenofovir, and hydroxychloroquine (HCHL), setrobuvir, YAK, and IDX-184 were found to be effective in binding to SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. From the antimalarial and anti-inflammatory category, chloroquine and its derivative HCHL have already been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for emergency treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The other drugs such as favipiravir and lopinavir/ritonavir under the antiviral category, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors), remdesivir (RNA polymerase inhibitor) from antiviral category, cepharanthine from anti-inflammatory category, etc., have been pointed based on the previous literature published. Besides, the assessment of the drug repositioning candidates with the related targets is also significant for the viral mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashed Noor
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Independent University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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43
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Gagliardi I, Patella G, Michael A, Serra R, Provenzano M, Andreucci M. COVID-19 and the Kidney: From Epidemiology to Clinical Practice. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2506. [PMID: 32759645 PMCID: PMC7464116 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The new respiratory infectious disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and caused by a new strain of zoonotic coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), to date has killed over 630,000 people and infected over 15,000,000 worldwide. Most of the deceased patients had pre-existing comorbidities; over 20% had chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, although SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized mainly by diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure, acute kidney injury (AKI) has developed in a high percentage of cases. As AKI has been shown to be associated with worse prognosis, we believe that the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the kidney should be investigated. This review sets out to describe the main renal aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the role of the virus in the development and progression of kidney damage. In this article, attention is focused on the epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney damage, histopathology, clinical features in nephropathic patients (CKD, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, AKI, transplantation) and prevention and containment strategies. Although there remains much more to be learned with regards to this disease, nonetheless it is our hope that this review will aid in the understanding and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Gagliardi
- Renal Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (I.G.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Gemma Patella
- Renal Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (I.G.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Ashour Michael
- Renal Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (I.G.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Renal Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (I.G.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Renal Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (I.G.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
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44
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Kataria A, Yakubu I, Winstead R, Gowda M, Gupta G. COVID-19 in Kidney Transplantation: Epidemiology, Management Considerations, and the Impact on Kidney Transplant Practice. Transplant Direct 2020; 6:e582. [PMID: 33134506 PMCID: PMC7581117 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was identified in the late 2019 as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute respiratory viral illness. Patients with chronic underlying conditions may have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Kidney transplant recipients may be at a uniquely increased risk of serious complications from COVID-19 as compared to the general population because of a chronically immunosuppressed state and a high prevalence of comorbidities like diabetes, heart disease, and lung disease. Early data suggest that the mortality of patients on dialysis may be comparable to those with kidney transplants, although more research is needed. This concise review aims to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients, manifestations, appropriate management, and clinical outcomes based on the available literature. Current evidence on many of the specific antiviral measures against COVID-19 has not shown a clear-cut benefit in smaller studies and the results of several ongoing larger clinical trials are awaited. In addition, we also highlight the impact of COVID-19 on kidney transplant center practice and volumes; potential living or deceased donors, recipients; and induction immunosuppression and surgical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Idris Yakubu
- Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA
| | - Ryan Winstead
- Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Gaurav Gupta
- Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA
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45
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Vanden Eynde JJ. COVID-19: An Update About the Discovery Clinical Trial. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E98. [PMID: 32423027 PMCID: PMC7281719 DOI: 10.3390/ph13050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding efficacious and safe treatments for COVID-19 emerges as a crucial need in order to control the spread of the pandemic. Whereas plasma therapy attracts much interest, the European project Discovery focuses on the potentialities of small molecules like remdesivir, the combination of lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and chloroquine. Results recently published on the clinical evaluation of those drugs are compiled in this brief report, although complete data are still impatiently awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde
- Formerly head of the Department of Organic Chemistry (FS), University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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46
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Alalwan AA, Taher A, Alaradi AH. A Hemodialysis Patient with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. Cureus 2020; 12:e7995. [PMID: 32391234 PMCID: PMC7205364 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus that has spread rapidly, resulting in a worldwide pandemic. Even though end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and can develop severe to critical disease, there are limited studies and case reports about COVID-19 in ESRD patients. We report a case of a 63-year-old gentleman with ESRD on regular hemodialysis. We describe the clinical presentation of this patient, the diagnostic process, the laboratory and imaging investigations, as well as the course of treatment. He positively responded to a 14-day course of Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Ribavirin, Azithromycin, and Hydroxychloroquine.
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