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Ulhaq ZS, You MS, Yabe T, Takada S, Chen JK, Ogino Y, Jiang YJ, Tse WKF. Fgf8 contributes to the pathogenesis of Nager syndrome. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135692. [PMID: 39288852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Nager syndrome (NS, OMIM 154400) is a rare disease characterized by craniofacial and limb malformations due to variants in the gene encoding splicing factor 3B subunit 4 (SF3B4). Although various noncanonical functions of SF3B4 unrelated to splicing have been previously described, limited studies elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying NS pathogenesis. Here we showed that sf3b4-deficient fish displayed craniofacial and segmentation defects associated with suppression of fgf8 levels, which perturbed FGF signaling and neural crest cell (NCC) expression. Our finding also pointed out that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis was prominently detected in sf3b4-deficient fish and may further exaggerate the bone remodeling process. Notably, injection of exogenous FGF8 significantly rescued the demonstrated defects in sf3b4-deficient fish, which further supported the participation of Fgf8 in NS pathogenesis. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying developmental abnormalities observed in NS and suggests future therapeutic strategies to protect against the pathogenesis of NS and possibilities for preventing severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Research Center for Pre-clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia.
| | - May-Su You
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Taijiro Yabe
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Yukiko Ogino
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Developmental Biology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yun-Jin Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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2
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Lu D, Zhang Y, Liang S, Li Y, Qing J, Gu L, Xu X, Wang Z, Gao X, Liu H, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhang P. M2 Macrophages Guide Periosteal Stromal Cell Recruitment and Initiate Bone Injury Regeneration. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1205. [PMID: 38927412 PMCID: PMC11200943 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The periosteum plays a critical role in bone repair and is significantly influenced by the surrounding immune microenvironment. In this study, we employed 10× single-cell RNA sequencing to create a detailed cellular atlas of the swine cranial periosteum, highlighting the cellular dynamics and interactions essential for cranial bone injury repair. We noted that such injuries lead to an increase in M2 macrophages, which are key in modulating the periosteum's immune response and driving the bone regeneration process. These macrophages actively recruit periosteal stromal cells (PSCs) by secreting Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), a crucial factor in initiating bone regeneration. This recruitment process emphasizes the critical role of PSCs in effective bone repair, positioning them as primary targets for therapeutic interventions. Our results indicate that enhancing the interaction between M2 macrophages and PSCs could significantly improve the outcomes of treatments aimed at cranial bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhuang Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingfei Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shimin Liang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia Qing
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lanxin Gu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiuyun Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeying Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (L.G.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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3
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Basaran MM, Ozgursoy SK, Arslan H, Kocaturk S. The effect of subperichondrial dissection on nasal vascularity in septorhinoplasty operations. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:1827-1833. [PMID: 38052758 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nasal vascularization runs above the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS). Perichondrium covers the lower and upper lateral cartilages. In this study, nasal vascularization was compared between subperichondrial and supraperichondrial dissection in closed septorhinoplasty. METHODS 95 patients and 41 volunteers were included in this study. Supraperichondrial dissection was performed in 48 patients and subperichondrial dissection was performed in 47 patients. To measure blood stream, laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used and measurements were done preoperatively, on the postoperative first week; 3rd month and first year. RESULTS The nasal tip and dorsum measurements were similar between the preoperative and postoperative first year in both groups (p = 1.000). However, in the supraperichondrial dissection group, nasal tip measurements showed a significant increase between the preoperative and third postoperative months (p = 0.011). This increase was accompanied by an increase in the minimal blood stream (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Both subperichondrial and supraperichondrial dissection techniques are physiological and result in fewer complications with minimal permanent vascular damage. We believe incision plays a critical role but keeping the perichondrium intact is important for short-term angiogenesis, where long-term results showed no difference in vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hande Arslan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Samsun Research and Training Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sinan Kocaturk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Losante Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Zhang X, Deng C, Qi S. Periosteum Containing Implicit Stem Cells: A Progressive Source of Inspiration for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2162. [PMID: 38396834 PMCID: PMC10889827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The periosteum is known as the thin connective tissue covering most bone surfaces. Its extrusive bone regeneration capacity was confirmed from the very first century-old studies. Recently, pluripotent stem cells in the periosteum with unique physiological properties were unveiled. Existing in dynamic contexts and regulated by complex molecular networks, periosteal stem cells emerge as having strong capabilities of proliferation and multipotential differentiation. Through continuous exploration of studies, we are now starting to acquire more insight into the great potential of the periosteum in bone formation and repair in situ or ectopically. It is undeniable that the periosteum is developing further into a more promising strategy to be harnessed in bone tissue regeneration. Here, we summarized the development and structure of the periosteum, cell markers, and the biological features of periosteal stem cells. Then, we reviewed their pivotal role in bone repair and the underlying molecular regulation. The understanding of periosteum-related cellular and molecular content will help enhance future research efforts and application transformation of the periosteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Chen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Shengcai Qi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
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5
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Zieba J, Nevarez L, Wachtell D, Martin JH, Kot A, Wong S, Cohn DH, Krakow D. Altered Sox9 and FGF signaling gene expression in Aga2 OI mice negatively affects linear growth. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171984. [PMID: 37796615 PMCID: PMC10721276 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is a disorder characterized by bone fragility and increased fracture incidence. All forms of OI also feature short stature, implying an effect on endochondral ossification. Using the Aga2+/- mouse, which has a mutation in type I collagen, we show an affected growth plate primarily due to a shortened proliferative zone. We used single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of tibial and femoral growth plate tissues to understand transcriptional consequences on growth plate cell types. We show that perichondrial cells, which express abundant type I procollagen, and growth plate chondrocytes, which were found to express low amounts of type I procollagen, had ER stress and dysregulation of the same unfolded protein response pathway as previously demonstrated in osteoblasts. Aga2+/- proliferating chondrocytes showed increased FGF and MAPK signaling, findings consistent with accelerated differentiation. There was also increased Sox9 expression throughout the growth plate, which is expected to accelerate early chondrocyte differentiation but reduce late hypertrophic differentiation. These data reveal that mutant type I collagen expression in OI has an impact on the cartilage growth plate. These effects on endochondral ossification indicate that OI is a biologically complex phenotype going beyond its known impacts on bone to negatively affect linear growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zieba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lisette Nevarez
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Davis Wachtell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jorge H. Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Kot
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sereen Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Mathias S, Adameyko I, Hellander A, Kursawe J. Contributions of cell behavior to geometric order in embryonic cartilage. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011658. [PMID: 38019884 PMCID: PMC10712895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During early development, cartilage provides shape and stability to the embryo while serving as a precursor for the skeleton. Correct formation of embryonic cartilage is hence essential for healthy development. In vertebrate cranial cartilage, it has been observed that a flat and laterally extended macroscopic geometry is linked to regular microscopic structure consisting of tightly packed, short, transversal clonar columns. However, it remains an ongoing challenge to identify how individual cells coordinate to successfully shape the tissue, and more precisely which mechanical interactions and cell behaviors contribute to the generation and maintenance of this columnar cartilage geometry during embryogenesis. Here, we apply a three-dimensional cell-based computational model to investigate mechanical principles contributing to column formation. The model accounts for clonal expansion, anisotropic proliferation and the geometrical arrangement of progenitor cells in space. We confirm that oriented cell divisions and repulsive mechanical interactions between cells are key drivers of column formation. In addition, the model suggests that column formation benefits from the spatial gaps created by the extracellular matrix in the initial configuration, and that column maintenance is facilitated by sequential proliferative phases. Our model thus correctly predicts the dependence of local order on division orientation and tissue thickness. The present study presents the first cell-based simulations of cell mechanics during cranial cartilage formation and we anticipate that it will be useful in future studies on the formation and growth of other cartilage geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Mathias
- Department of Information Technology, Division of Scientific Computing, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hellander
- Department of Information Technology, Division of Scientific Computing, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jochen Kursawe
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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Tseng KC, Crump JG. Craniofacial developmental biology in the single-cell era. Development 2023; 150:dev202077. [PMID: 37812056 PMCID: PMC10617621 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of a unique craniofacial complex in vertebrates made possible new ways of breathing, eating, communicating and sensing the environment. The head and face develop through interactions of all three germ layers, the endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm, as well as the so-called fourth germ layer, the cranial neural crest. Over a century of experimental embryology and genetics have revealed an incredible diversity of cell types derived from each germ layer, signaling pathways and genes that coordinate craniofacial development, and how changes to these underlie human disease and vertebrate evolution. Yet for many diseases and congenital anomalies, we have an incomplete picture of the causative genomic changes, in particular how alterations to the non-coding genome might affect craniofacial gene expression. Emerging genomics and single-cell technologies provide an opportunity to obtain a more holistic view of the genes and gene regulatory elements orchestrating craniofacial development across vertebrates. These single-cell studies generate novel hypotheses that can be experimentally validated in vivo. In this Review, we highlight recent advances in single-cell studies of diverse craniofacial structures, as well as potential pitfalls and the need for extensive in vivo validation. We discuss how these studies inform the developmental sources and regulation of head structures, bringing new insights into the etiology of structural birth anomalies that affect the vertebrate head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chang Tseng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J. Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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8
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Lin YC, Sahoo BK, Gau SS, Yang RB. The biology of SCUBE. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:33. [PMID: 37237303 PMCID: PMC10214685 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The SCUBE [Signal peptide-Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1 (CUB)-Epithelial growth factor domain-containing protein] family consists of three proteins in vertebrates, SCUBE1, 2 and 3, which are highly conserved in zebrafish, mice and humans. Each SCUBE gene encodes a polypeptide of approximately 1000 amino acids that is organized into five modular domains: (1) an N-terminal signal peptide sequence, (2) nine tandem epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats, (3) a large spacer region, (4) three cysteine-rich (CR) motifs, and (5) a CUB domain at the C-terminus. Murine Scube genes are expressed individually or in combination during the development of various tissues, including those in the central nervous system and the axial skeleton. The cDNAs of human SCUBE orthologs were originally cloned from vascular endothelial cells, but SCUBE expression has also been found in platelets, mammary ductal epithelium and osteoblasts. Both soluble and membrane-associated SCUBEs have been shown to play important roles in physiology and pathology. For instance, upregulation of SCUBEs has been reported in acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer and lung cancer. In addition, soluble SCUBE1 is released from activated platelets and can be used as a clinical biomarker for acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke. Soluble SCUBE2 enhances distal signaling by facilitating the secretion of dual-lipidated hedgehog from nearby ligand-producing cells in a paracrine manner. Interestingly, the spacer regions and CR motifs can increase or enable SCUBE binding to cell surfaces via electrostatic or glycan-lectin interactions. As such, membrane-associated SCUBEs can function as coreceptors that enhance the signaling activity of various serine/threonine kinase or tyrosine kinase receptors. For example, membrane-associated SCUBE3 functions as a coreceptor that promotes signaling in bone morphogenesis. In humans, SCUBE3 mutations are linked to abnormalities in growth and differentiation of both bones and teeth. In addition to studies on human SCUBE function, experimental results from genetically modified mouse models have yielded important insights in the field of systems biology. In this review, we highlight novel molecular discoveries and critical directions for future research on SCUBE proteins in the context of cancer, skeletal disease and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Charn Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Binay K Sahoo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Shin Gau
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Fricke HP, Hernandez LL. The Serotonergic System and Bone Metabolism During Pregnancy and Lactation and the Implications of SSRI Use on the Maternal-Offspring Dyad. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:7. [PMID: 37086330 PMCID: PMC10122632 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactation is a physiological adaptation of the class Mammalia and is a product of over 200 million years of evolution. During lactation, the mammary gland orchestrates bone metabolism via serotonin signaling in order to provide sufficient calcium for the offspring in milk. The role of serotonin in bone remodeling was first discovered over two decades ago, and the interplay between serotonin, lactation, and bone metabolism has been explored in the years following. It is estimated that postpartum depression affects 10-15% of the population, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are often used as the first-line treatment. Studies conducted in humans, nonhuman primates, sheep, and rodents have provided evidence that there are consequences on both parent and offspring when serotonin signaling is disrupted during the peripartal period; however, the long-term consequences of disruption of serotonin signaling via SSRIs during the peripartal period on the maternal and offspring skeleton are not fully known. This review will focus on the relationship between the mammary gland, serotonin, and bone remodeling during the peripartal period and the skeletal consequences of the dysregulation of the serotonergic system in both human and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah P Fricke
- Animal and Dairy Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Animal and Dairy Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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10
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Chen HJ, Barske L, Talbot JC, Dinwoodie OM, Roberts RR, Farmer DT, Jimenez C, Merrill AE, Tucker AS, Crump JG. Nuclear receptor Nr5a2 promotes diverse connective tissue fates in the jaw. Dev Cell 2023; 58:461-473.e7. [PMID: 36905926 PMCID: PMC10050118 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Organ development involves the sustained production of diverse cell types with spatiotemporal precision. In the vertebrate jaw, neural-crest-derived progenitors produce not only skeletal tissues but also later-forming tendons and salivary glands. Here we identify the pluripotency factor Nr5a2 as essential for cell-fate decisions in the jaw. In zebrafish and mice, we observe transient expression of Nr5a2 in a subset of mandibular postmigratory neural-crest-derived cells. In zebrafish nr5a2 mutants, nr5a2-expressing cells that would normally form tendons generate excess jaw cartilage. In mice, neural-crest-specific Nr5a2 loss results in analogous skeletal and tendon defects in the jaw and middle ear, as well as salivary gland loss. Single-cell profiling shows that Nr5a2, distinct from its roles in pluripotency, promotes jaw-specific chromatin accessibility and gene expression that is essential for tendon and gland fates. Thus, repurposing of Nr5a2 promotes connective tissue fates to generate the full repertoire of derivatives required for jaw and middle ear function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jhen Chen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lindsey Barske
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jared C Talbot
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Olivia M Dinwoodie
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ryan R Roberts
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - D'Juan T Farmer
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology Department and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christian Jimenez
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Amy E Merrill
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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11
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Fuiten AM, Yoshimoto Y, Shukunami C, Stadler HS. Digits in a dish: An in vitro system to assess the molecular genetics of hand/foot development at single-cell resolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1135025. [PMID: 36994104 PMCID: PMC10040768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1135025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro models allow for the study of developmental processes outside of the embryo. To gain access to the cells mediating digit and joint development, we identified a unique property of undifferentiated mesenchyme isolated from the distal early autopod to autonomously re-assemble forming multiple autopod structures including: digits, interdigital tissues, joints, muscles and tendons. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of these developing structures revealed distinct cell clusters that express canonical markers of distal limb development including: Col2a1, Col10a1, and Sp7 (phalanx formation), Thbs2 and Col1a1 (perichondrium), Gdf5, Wnt5a, and Jun (joint interzone), Aldh1a2 and Msx1 (interdigital tissues), Myod1 (muscle progenitors), Prg4 (articular perichondrium/articular cartilage), and Scx and Tnmd (tenocytes/tendons). Analysis of the gene expression patterns for these signature genes indicates that developmental timing and tissue-specific localization were also recapitulated in a manner similar to the initiation and maturation of the developing murine autopod. Finally, the in vitro digit system also recapitulates congenital malformations associated with genetic mutations as in vitro cultures of Hoxa13 mutant mesenchyme produced defects present in Hoxa13 mutant autopods including digit fusions, reduced phalangeal segment numbers, and poor mesenchymal condensation. These findings demonstrate the robustness of the in vitro digit system to recapitulate digit and joint development. As an in vitro model of murine digit and joint development, this innovative system will provide access to the developing limb tissues facilitating studies to discern how digit and articular joint formation is initiated and how undifferentiated mesenchyme is patterned to establish individual digit morphologies. The in vitro digit system also provides a platform to rapidly evaluate treatments aimed at stimulating the repair or regeneration of mammalian digits impacted by congenital malformation, injury, or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Fuiten
- Research Center, Shriners Children’s, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - H. Scott Stadler
- Research Center, Shriners Children’s, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: H. Scott Stadler,
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12
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Lazarte MDLÁ, Manzano A, Sanchez RS, Abdala V. Ontogeny of the meniscus in the anuran Xenopus laevis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:457-469. [PMID: 36089759 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The anuran knee joint is subjected to the jump, one of the tetrapods' most demanding mechanical stresses. Consistent with this continuous effort, the knee of the anurans has a complex structure comparable to that of an amniote. Here, we describe the ontogeny of the Xenopus knee tissues and study the morphogenesis of the knee joint shape by performing a geometric morphometric analysis of specially selected anatomical structures: the menisci and the long bone epiphyses. A meniscus is a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure, with a triangular cross-section inserted between joints surfaces. A meniscus transmits load across the tibiofemoral joint by increasing congruity of the long bone epiphysis and decreasing the resulting stress exerted on the articular cartilage. We ask two questions: (1) what is the tissue composition along the ontogeny of the menisci of a swimming frog? (2) How do the menisci acquire the shape that will allow their adjustment? We studied the structures and tissue ontogeny of the knee of several specimens of Xenopus laevis and evaluated the congruity of the knee structures across the species ontogeny. Histological sections showed that the cavitation process responsible for separating the menisci and the epiphyses seems to be pivotal in shaping the conformity of these structures and the long bone epiphyses of the hindlimbs. The geometric morphometric analysis allowed us to interpret three phases of differentiation associated with limb functionality. The characteristic shape of the meniscus appears early in the ontogeny of the knee, simultaneously with the epiphysis contours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Manzano
- Centro de Investigación Científica y Transferencia Tecnológica a la Producción (CICYTTP) CONICET, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Cátedra de Embriología y Anatomía Animal, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología (FCyT-UADER), Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Romel S Sanchez
- Cátedra de Biología General, Facultad de Cs. Naturales e IML, UNT, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO) CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Tucumán, Argentina
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Departamento Biomédico-Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, UNT, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Virginia Abdala
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (IBN), UNT-CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología General, Facultad de Cs. Naturales e IML, UNT, Tucumán, Argentina
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The periosteum, the outer layer of bone, is a major source of skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) for bone repair. Here, we discuss recent findings on the characterization, role, and regulation of periosteal SSPCs (pSSPCs) during bone regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Several markers have been described for pSSPCs but lack tissue specificity. In vivo lineage tracing and transcriptomic analyses have improved our understanding of pSSPC functions during bone regeneration. Bone injury activates pSSPCs that migrate, proliferate, and have the unique potential to form both bone and cartilage. The injury response of pSSPCs is controlled by many signaling pathways including BMP, FGF, Notch, and Wnt, their metabolic state, and their interactions with the blood clot, nerve fibers, blood vessels, and macrophages in the fracture environment. Periosteal SSPCs are essential for bone regeneration. Despite recent advances, further studies are required to elucidate pSSPC heterogeneity and plasticity that make them a central component of the fracture healing process and a prime target for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Perrin
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Céline Colnot
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
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14
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Sun Q, Li G, Liu D, Xie W, Xiao W, Li Y, Cai M. Peripheral nerves in the tibial subchondral bone : the role of pain and homeostasis in osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:439-452. [PMID: 35775136 PMCID: PMC9350689 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.117.bjr-2021-0355.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent degenerative joint disorder characterized by joint pain and physical disability. Aberrant subchondral bone induces pathological changes and is a major source of pain in OA. In the subchondral bone, which is highly innervated, nerves have dual roles in pain sensation and bone homeostasis regulation. The interaction between peripheral nerves and target cells in the subchondral bone, and the interplay between the sensory and sympathetic nervous systems, allow peripheral nerves to regulate subchondral bone homeostasis. Alterations in peripheral innervation and local transmitters are closely related to changes in nociception and subchondral bone homeostasis, and affect the progression of OA. Recent literature has substantially expanded our understanding of the physiological and pathological distribution and function of specific subtypes of neurones in bone. This review summarizes the types and distribution of nerves detected in the tibial subchondral bone, their cellular and molecular interactions with bone cells that regulate subchondral bone homeostasis, and their role in OA pain. A comprehensive understanding and further investigation of the functions of peripheral innervation in the subchondral bone will help to develop novel therapeutic approaches to effectively prevent OA, and alleviate OA pain. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(7):439–452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Coyac BR, Wolf BJ, Bahat DJ, Arioka M, Brunski JB, Helms JA. A WNT protein therapeutic accelerates consolidation of a bone graft substitute in a pre-clinical sinus augmentation model. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:782-798. [PMID: 35713219 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Autologous bone grafts consolidate faster than bone graft substitutes (BGSs) but resorb over time, which compromises implant support. We hypothesized that differences in consolidation rates affected the mechanical properties of grafts and implant stability, and tested whether a pro-osteogenic protein, liposomal WNT3A (L-WNT3A), could accelerate graft consolidation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A transgenic mouse model of sinus augmentation with immunohistochemistry, enzymatic assays, and histology were used to quantitatively evaluate the osteogenic properties of autografts and BGSs. Composite and finite element modelling compared changes in the mechanical properties of grafts during healing until consolidation, and secondary implant stability following remodelling activities. BGSs were combined with L-WNT3A and tested for its osteogenic potential. RESULTS Compared with autografts, BGSs were bioinert and lacked osteoprogenitor cells. While in autografted sinuses, new bone arose evenly from all living autograft particles, new bone around BGSs solely initiated at the sinus floor, from the internal maxillary periosteum. WNT treatment of BGSs resulted in significantly higher expression levels of pro-osteogenic proteins (Osterix, Collagen I, alkaline phosphatase) and lower levels of bone-resorbing activity (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity); together, these features culminated in faster new bone formation, comparable to that of an autograft. CONCLUSIONS WNT-treated BGSs supported faster consolidation, and because BGSs typically resist resorption, their use may be superior to autografts for sinus augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Coyac
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Benjamin J Wolf
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Daniel J Bahat
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Masaki Arioka
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - John B Brunski
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
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16
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Yahara Y, Nguyen T, Ishikawa K, Kamei K, Alman BA. The origins and roles of osteoclasts in bone development, homeostasis and repair. Development 2022; 149:275249. [PMID: 35502779 PMCID: PMC9124578 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying bone development, repair and regeneration are reliant on the interplay and communication between osteoclasts and other surrounding cells. Osteoclasts are multinucleated monocyte lineage cells with resorptive abilities, forming the bone marrow cavity during development. This marrow cavity, essential to hematopoiesis and osteoclast-osteoblast interactions, provides a setting to investigate the origin of osteoclasts and their multi-faceted roles. This Review examines recent developments in the embryonic understanding of osteoclast origin, as well as interactions within the immune environment to regulate normal and pathological bone development, homeostasis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Yahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tuyet Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Koji Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kamei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Benjamin A Alman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
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17
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Fabian P, Tseng KC, Thiruppathy M, Arata C, Chen HJ, Smeeton J, Nelson N, Crump JG. Lifelong single-cell profiling of cranial neural crest diversification in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2022; 13:13. [PMID: 35013168 PMCID: PMC8748784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cranial neural crest generates a huge diversity of derivatives, including the bulk of connective and skeletal tissues of the vertebrate head. How neural crest cells acquire such extraordinary lineage potential remains unresolved. By integrating single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility profiles of cranial neural crest-derived cells across the zebrafish lifetime, we observe progressive and region-specific establishment of enhancer accessibility for distinct fates. Neural crest-derived cells rapidly diversify into specialized progenitors, including multipotent skeletal progenitors, stromal cells with a regenerative signature, fibroblasts with a unique metabolic signature linked to skeletal integrity, and gill-specific progenitors generating cell types for respiration. By retrogradely mapping the emergence of lineage-specific chromatin accessibility, we identify a wealth of candidate lineage-priming factors, including a Gata3 regulatory circuit for respiratory cell fates. Rather than multilineage potential being established during cranial neural crest specification, our findings support progressive and region-specific chromatin remodeling underlying acquisition of diverse potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fabian
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Kuo-Chang Tseng
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Mathi Thiruppathy
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Claire Arata
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Hung-Jhen Chen
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Joanna Smeeton
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nellie Nelson
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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18
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Clumps of Mesenchymal Stem Cells/Extracellular Matrix Complexes Generated with Xeno-Free Chondro-Inductive Medium Induce Bone Regeneration via Endochondral Ossification. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101408. [PMID: 34680525 PMCID: PMC8533314 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional clumps of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)/extracellular matrix (ECM) complexes (C-MSCs) can be transplanted into tissue defect site with no artificial scaffold. Importantly, most bone formation in the developing process or fracture healing proceeds via endochondral ossification. Accordingly, this present study investigated whether C-MSCs generated with chondro-inductive medium (CIM) can induce successful bone regeneration and assessed its healing process. Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were cultured with xeno-free/serum-free (XF) growth medium. To obtain C-MSCs, confluent cells that had formed on the cellular sheet were scratched using a micropipette tip and then torn off. The sheet was rolled to make a round clump of cells. The cell clumps, i.e., C-MSCs, were maintained in XF-CIM. C-MSCs generated with XF-CIM showed enlarged round cells, cartilage matrix, and hypertrophic chondrocytes genes elevation in vitro. Transplantation of C-MSCs generated with XF-CIM induced successful bone regeneration in the SCID mouse calvaria defect model. Immunofluorescence staining for human-specific vimentin demonstrated that donor human and host mouse cells cooperatively contributed the bone formation. Besides, the replacement of the cartilage matrix into bone was observed in the early period. These findings suggested that cartilaginous C-MSCs generated with XF-CIM can induce bone regeneration via endochondral ossification.
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19
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Mesnieres M, Böhm AM, Peredo N, Trompet D, Valle-Tenney R, Bajaj M, Corthout N, Nefyodova E, Cardoen R, Baatsen P, Munck S, Nagy A, Haigh JJ, Khurana S, Verfaillie CM, Maes C. Fetal hematopoietic stem cell homing is controlled by VEGF regulating the integrity and oxidative status of the stromal-vascular bone marrow niches. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109618. [PMID: 34433017 PMCID: PMC8411121 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) engraftment after transplantation during anticancer treatment depends on support from the recipient bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Here, by studying physiological homing of fetal HSPCs, we show the critical requirement of balanced local crosstalk within the skeletal niche for successful HSPC settlement in BM. Transgene-induced overproduction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by osteoprogenitor cells elicits stromal and endothelial hyperactivation, profoundly impacting the stromal-vessel interface and vascular architecture. Concomitantly, HSPC homing and survival are drastically impaired. Transcriptome profiling, flow cytometry, and high-resolution imaging indicate alterations in perivascular and endothelial cell characteristics, vascular function and cellular metabolism, associated with increased oxidative stress within the VEGF-enriched BM environment. Thus, developmental HSPC homing to bone is controlled by local stromal-vascular integrity and the oxidative-metabolic status of the recipient milieu. Interestingly, irradiation of adult mice also induces stromal VEGF expression and similar osteo-angiogenic niche changes, underscoring that our findings may contribute targets for improving stem cell therapies. Establishment of BM hematopoiesis is coupled to development of the skeletal niches Primary HSPC seeding of bone depends on balanced molecular crosstalk in the niche Stromal VEGF triggers EC activation and controls stromal-vascular niche integrity Excessive skeletal VEGF deranges cell metabolism and induces oxidative stress in BM
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mesnieres
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna-Marei Böhm
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Peredo
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dana Trompet
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roger Valle-Tenney
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manmohan Bajaj
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikky Corthout
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB BioImaging Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Nefyodova
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Cardoen
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Baatsen
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB BioImaging Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Munck
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB BioImaging Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Satish Khurana
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551 Kerala, India
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christa Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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20
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Contribution of perichondrium to the mechanical properties of auricular cartilage. J Biomech 2021; 126:110638. [PMID: 34314997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The poor mechanical strength of tissue-engineered auricular cartilage which is possibly due to the lack of perichondrium limits its application in auricular reconstruction surgery. However, there is insufficient research and no reliable data to support this. This study aims to investigate the contribution of perichondrium to the mechanical strength of auricular cartilage under loading. Rabbit auricular cartilage was harvested and classified into two groups. The perichondrium was removed in Group A and was left intact in Group B. Young's modulus, stress relaxation slope, and relaxation amout were analyzed through tensile and compressive tests using a material testing machine. Group B exhibited significantly higher Young's modulus in both the tensile and compressive tests (p < 0.05), lower relaxation slope (p < 0.05 in tensile test, p = 0.65 in compressive test), and lower relaxation amout (p < 0.05 in tensile test, p < 0.01 in compressive test). Our results showed that the perichondrium has a definite contribution to the mechanical properties of ear cartilage. This study may provide new insights to researchers focusing on improving the mechanical strength of tissue-engineered auricular cartilage.
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21
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Ismailoglu T. A Family with Hereditary Multiple Exostoses. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.33880/ejfm.2021100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary multiple exostoses is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by multiple exostoses (osteochondromas), mostly diagnosed in childhood. It may manifest with a wide spectrum from asymptomatic to skeletal deformities or neurovascular complications. Pain and/or swelling are often the first symptoms for patients to consult a doctor. Although no medical treatment is currently available, lesions can be removed with surgical excision in case of aesthetic anxiety or complications such as deformities or rarely, malign transformation. In this article, three individuals from the same family with hereditary multiple exostoses are described who were evaluated within the core competencies of family medicine.
Keywords: exostoses, multiple hereditary, osteochondroma, scoliosis
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22
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Cai X, Daniels O, Cucchiarini M, Madry H. Ectopic models recapitulating morphological and functional features of articular cartilage. Ann Anat 2021; 237:151721. [PMID: 33753232 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Articular cartilage is an extremely specialized connective tissue which covers all diarthrodial joints. Implantation of chondrogenic cells without or with additional biomaterial scaffolds in ectopic locationsin vivo generates substitutes of cartilage with structural and functional characteristics that are used in fundamental investigations while also serving as a basis for translational studies. METHODS Literature search in Pubmed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This narrative review summarizes the most relevant ectopic models, among which subcutaneous, intramuscular, and kidney capsule transplantation and elaborates on implanted cells and biomaterial scaffolds and on their use to recapitulate morphological and functional features of articular cartilage. Although the absence of a physiological joint environment and biomechanical stimuli is the major limiting factor, ectopic models are an established component for articular cartilage research aiming to generate a bridge between in vitro data and the clinically more relevant translational orthotopic in vivo models when their limitations are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cai
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Daniels
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Development of cartilage and bone, the core components of the mouse skeletal system, depends on coordinated proliferation and differentiation of skeletogenic cells, including chondrocytes and osteoblasts. These cells differentiate from common progenitor cells originating in the mesoderm and neural crest. Multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors tightly regulate differentiation and proliferation of skeletal cells. In this chapter, we overview the process of mouse skeletal development and discuss major regulators of skeletal cells at each developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Julien A, Perrin S, Abou-Khalil R, Colnot C. Renal Capsule Transplantation to Assay Angiogenesis in Skeletal Development and Repair. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2230:151-165. [PMID: 33197014 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1028-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Renal capsule transplantation is a very helpful method to grow embryonic tissues or tumors in a vascular environment, allowing for long-term engraftment and biological analyses. This chapter describes the surgical procedure for the transplantation of embryonic skeletal elements in the renal capsule of adult mice and points out the manipulations that can be applied for assaying the role of angiogenesis during bone development and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Julien
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France
| | - Simon Perrin
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France
| | | | - Céline Colnot
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France.
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25
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Qin X, Jiang Q, Nagano K, Moriishi T, Miyazaki T, Komori H, Ito K, von der Mark K, Sakane C, Kaneko H, Komori T. Runx2 is essential for the transdifferentiation of chondrocytes into osteoblasts. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009169. [PMID: 33253203 PMCID: PMC7728394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes proliferate and mature into hypertrophic chondrocytes. Vascular invasion into the cartilage occurs in the terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte layer, and terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes die by apoptosis or transdifferentiate into osteoblasts. Runx2 is essential for osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation. Runx2-deficient mice are composed of cartilaginous skeletons and lack the vascular invasion into the cartilage. However, the requirement of Runx2 in the vascular invasion into the cartilage, mechanism of chondrocyte transdifferentiation to osteoblasts, and its significance in bone development remain to be elucidated. To investigate these points, we generated Runx2fl/flCre mice, in which Runx2 was deleted in hypertrophic chondrocytes using Col10a1 Cre. Vascular invasion into the cartilage was similarly observed in Runx2fl/fl and Runx2fl/flCre mice. Vegfa expression was reduced in the terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes in Runx2fl/flCre mice, but Vegfa was strongly expressed in osteoblasts in the bone collar, suggesting that Vegfa expression in bone collar osteoblasts is sufficient for vascular invasion into the cartilage. The apoptosis of terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes was increased and their transdifferentiation was interrupted in Runx2fl/flCre mice, leading to lack of primary spongiosa and osteoblasts in the region at E16.5. The osteoblasts appeared in this region at E17.5 in the absence of transdifferentiation, and the number of osteoblasts and the formation of primary spongiosa, but not secondary spongiosa, reached to levels similar those in Runx2fl/fl mice at birth. The bone structure and volume and all bone histomophometric parameters were similar between Runx2fl/fl and Runx2fl/flCre mice after 6 weeks of age. These findings indicate that Runx2 expression in terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes is not required for vascular invasion into the cartilage, but is for their survival and transdifferentiation into osteoblasts, and that the transdifferentiation is necessary for trabecular bone formation in embryonic and neonatal stages, but not for acquiring normal bone structure and volume in young and adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qin
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Qing Jiang
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Moriishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hisato Komori
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kosei Ito
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Klaus von der Mark
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chiharu Sakane
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Life Science Support Center, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kaneko
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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26
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Role of the fibroblast growth factor 19 in the skeletal system. Life Sci 2020; 265:118804. [PMID: 33245964 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor family (FGFs) is a kind of cytokine that plays an important role in growth, development, metabolism and disease. During bone development, multiple FGFs and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play important roles. Previous reports have elucidated the great importance of FGF1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 18 in bone development, and FGF21 and 23 in bone homeostasis and bone regulation. FGF19 was initially found in the human foetal brain, and its gene location is related to osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome. Presently, gene chip detection has repeatedly found that FGF19 shows spatiotemporal specificity of gene expression in bone development and bone-related diseases, as well as differences in the protein level, indicating that FGF19 affects the skeletal system. Considering the current insufficient understanding of FGF19 and its potential function in the skeletal system, this review aims to introduce the background of FGF19 in bone, summarise the research progress of FGF19 in the skeletal system, and discuss the role and therapeutic potential of FGF19 in bone development and bone-related diseases.
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27
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Smith TD, Ufelle AC, Cray JJ, Rehorek SB, DeLeon VB. Inward collapse of the nasal cavity: Perinatal consolidation of the midface and cranial base in primates. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:939-957. [PMID: 33040450 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Living primates show a complex trend in reduction of nasal cavity spaces and structures due to moderate to severe constraint on interorbital breadth. Here we describe the ontogeny of the posterior end of the primate cartilaginous nasal capsule, the thimble shaped posterior nasal cupula (PNC), which surrounds the hind end of the olfactory region. We used a histologically sectioned sample of strepsirrhine primates and two non-primates (Tupaia belangeri, Rousettus leschenaulti), and histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to study the PNC in a perinatal sample. At birth, most strepsirrhines possess only fragments of PNC, and these lack a perichondrium. Fetal specimens of several species reveal a more complete PNC, but the cartilage exhibits uneven or weak reactivity to type II collagen antibodies. Moreover, there is relatively less matrix than in the septal cartilage, resulting in clustering of chondrocytes, some of which are in direct contact with adjacent connective tissues. In one primate (Varecia spp.) and both non-primates, the PNC has a perichondrium at birth. In older, infant Varecia and Rousettus, the perichondrium of the PNC is absent, and PNC fragmentation at its posterior pole has occurred in the former. Loss of the perichondrium for the PNC appears to precede resorption of the posterior end of the nasal capsule. These results suggest that the consolidation of the basicranial and facial skeletons happens ontogenetically earlier in primates than other mammals. We hypothesize that early loss of cartilage at the sphenoethmoidal articulation limits chondral mechanisms for nasal complexity, such as interstitial expansion or endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Smith
- School of Physical Therapy, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander C Ufelle
- Department of Public Health and Social Work, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James J Cray
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan B Rehorek
- Department of Biology, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie B DeLeon
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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28
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Ko FC, Sumner DR. How faithfully does intramembranous bone regeneration recapitulate embryonic skeletal development? Dev Dyn 2020; 250:377-392. [PMID: 32813296 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postnatal intramembranous bone regeneration plays an important role during a wide variety of musculoskeletal regeneration processes such as fracture healing, joint replacement and dental implant surgery, distraction osteogenesis, stress fracture healing, and repair of skeletal defects caused by trauma or resection of tumors. The molecular basis of intramembranous bone regeneration has been interrogated using rodent models of most of these conditions. These studies reveal that signaling pathways such as Wnt, TGFβ/BMP, FGF, VEGF, and Notch are invoked, reminiscent of embryonic development of membranous bone. Discoveries of several skeletal stem cell/progenitor populations using mouse genetic models also reveal the potential sources of postnatal intramembranous bone regeneration. The purpose of this review is to compare the underlying molecular signals and progenitor cells that characterize embryonic development of membranous bone and postnatal intramembranous bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Ko
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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29
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Kidwai F, Mui BWH, Arora D, Iqbal K, Hockaday M, de Castro Diaz LF, Cherman N, Martin D, Myneni VD, Ahmad M, Futrega K, Ali S, Merling RK, Kaufman DS, Lee J, Robey PG. Lineage-specific differentiation of osteogenic progenitors from pluripotent stem cells reveals the FGF1-RUNX2 association in neural crest-derived osteoprogenitors. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1107-1123. [PMID: 32442326 PMCID: PMC7484058 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can provide a platform to model bone organogenesis and disease. To reflect the developmental process of the human skeleton, hPSC differentiation methods should include osteogenic progenitors (OPs) arising from three distinct embryonic lineages: the paraxial mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm, and neural crest. Although OP differentiation protocols have been developed, the lineage from which they are derived, as well as characterization of their genetic and molecular differences, has not been well reported. Therefore, to generate lineage-specific OPs from human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, we employed stepwise differentiation of paraxial mesoderm-like cells, lateral plate mesoderm-like cells, and neural crest-like cells toward their respective OP subpopulation. Successful differentiation, confirmed through gene expression and in vivo assays, permitted the identification of transcriptomic signatures of all three cell populations. We also report, for the first time, high FGF1 levels in neural crest-derived OPs-a notable finding given the critical role of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in osteogenesis and mineral homeostasis. Our results indicate that FGF1 influences RUNX2 levels, with concomitant changes in ERK1/2 signaling. Overall, our study further validates hPSCs' power to model bone development and disease and reveals new, potentially important pathways influencing these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Kidwai
- Department of Health and Human ServicesCraniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Byron W. H. Mui
- Department of Health and Human ServicesCraniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Deepika Arora
- Department of Health and Human ServicesCraniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Biosystems and Biomaterials DivisionNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Kulsum Iqbal
- Department of Health and Human ServicesDental Consult Services, National Institute of Health Dental ClinicBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Madison Hockaday
- Department of Health and Human ServicesCraniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Luis Fernandez de Castro Diaz
- Department of Health and Human ServicesSkeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Natasha Cherman
- Department of Health and Human ServicesCraniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Daniel Martin
- Department of Health and Human ServicesGenomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Vamsee D. Myneni
- Department of Health and Human ServicesCraniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch/Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Moaz Ahmad
- Department of Health and Human ServicesMolecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Katarzyna Futrega
- Department of Health and Human ServicesCraniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Sania Ali
- Biology of Global Health, Department of BiologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Randall K. Merling
- Department of Health and Human ServicesCraniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Dan S. Kaufman
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Janice Lee
- Department of Health and Human ServicesCraniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Pamela G. Robey
- Department of Health and Human ServicesCraniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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30
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MalekiGorji M, Golestaneh A, Razavi SM. The effect of two phosphodiesterase inhibitors on bone healing in mandibular fractures (animal study in rats). J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 46:258-265. [PMID: 32855373 PMCID: PMC7469969 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2020.46.4.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite advances in maxillofacial surgery, impaired bone healing remains a concern for surgical teams. Many studies have evaluated the effects of sildenafil and pentoxifylline on bone healing. However, their effects on healing of bone fractures have not been well investigated. This study aimed to assess the effects of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors sildenafil and pentoxifylline on healing of mandibular fractures in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 rats were randomly divided into six groups of 10. Mandibular fracture was induced in all rats. After the surgical procedure, group C1 received saline, group S1 received 10 mg/kg sildenafil and group P1 received 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline. The rats were sacrificed after 1 week. Groups C4, S4, and P4 received pharmaceutical therapy as in groups C1, S1, and P1 but were sacrificed after 4 weeks. The samples then underwent histological analysis. RESULTS The mean rate of bone healing of mandibular fractures in groups S1 and P1 was significantly higher than in group C1 at 1 week (P<0.001). The mean rate of bone healing of mandibular fractures in group P1 was higher than in group S1 at 1 week (P=0.04). The mean rate of bone healing of mandibular fractures in groups S4 (P=0.001) and P4 (P=0.004) was significantly higher than in group C4 at 4 weeks, but no significant difference was noted in the rate of healing between groups P4 and S4 (P=0.53). CONCLUSION Sildenafil and pentoxifylline can be used as adjuncts to enhance bone healing in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen MalekiGorji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Iran
| | - Arash Golestaneh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Razavi
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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31
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Matsushita Y, Ono W, Ono N. Growth plate skeletal stem cells and their transition from cartilage to bone. Bone 2020; 136:115359. [PMID: 32276155 PMCID: PMC7246136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The growth plate is an essential component of endochondral bone development. Not surprisingly, the growth plate and its surrounding structure, the perichondrium, contain a wealth of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and progenitor cells that robustly contribute to bone development. Recent in vivo lineage-tracing studies using mouse genetic models provide substantial insight into the diversity and versatility of these skeletal stem and progenitor cell populations, particularly shedding light on the importance of the transition from cartilage to bone. Chondrocytes and perichondrial cells are inseparable twins that develop from condensing undifferentiated mesenchymal cells during the fetal stage; although morphologically and functionally distinct, these cells ultimately serve for the same goal, that is, to make bone bigger and stronger. Even in the postnatal stage, a small subset of growth plate chondrocytes can transform into osteoblasts and marrow stromal cells; this is in part fueled by a unique type of SSCs maintained in the resting zone of the growth plate, which continue to self-renew for the long term. Here, we discuss diverse skeletal stem and progenitor cell populations in the growth plate and the perichondrium and their transition from cartilage to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsushita
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wanida Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Wang M, Chen G, Li G, Wang B, Lei C. Creating Cartilage in Tissue-Engineered Chamber Using Platelet-Rich Plasma Without Cell Culture. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 26:375-383. [PMID: 32539669 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinically available cartilage, such as large-volume tissue-engineered cartilage, is urgently required for various clinical applications. Tissue engineering chamber (TEC) models are a promising organ-level strategy for efficient enlargement of cells or tissues within the chamber. The conventional TEC technology is not suitable for cartilage culture, because it lacks the necessary chondrogenic growth factor, which is present in platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In this study, we added autogenous auricular cartilage fragments mixed with PRP in a TEC to obtain a large amount of engineered cartilage. Experiment: To prove the efficacy of this method, 48 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: PRP, vascularized (Ves), PRP, PRP+Ves, and control. Auricular cartilage was harvested from the rabbits, cut into fragments (2 mm), and then injected into TECs. Cartilage constructs were harvested at week 8, and construct volumes were measured. Histological morphology, immunochemical staining, and mechanical strength were evaluated. Results: At week 8, PRP+Ves constructs developed a white, cartilage-like appearance. The volume of cartilage increased by 600% the original volume from 0.30 to 1.8 ± 0.1789 mL. Histological staining showed proliferation of edge chondrocytes in the embedded cartilage in the PRP and PRP+Ves groups. Furthermore, the cartilage constructs in the PRP+Ves group show mechanical characteristics similar to those of normal cartilage. Conclusions: Auricular cartilage fragments mixed with PRP and vascularization of the TEC showed a significantly increased cartilage tissue volume after 8 weeks of incubation in rabbits. Impact Statement Repair of defects of ear cartilage tissue has always been a huge challenge to plastic surgeons. In this article, a new method is presented to produce within 8 weeks auricular cartilage in a tissue engineering chamber without cell culture. Having such a method is a valuable step toward creating a large volume of functional cartilage tissue, which may lead to successful construction of normal auricular structure with minimal donor-site morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meishui Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guojie Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guanmin Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lei
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are considered to play important roles in bone development and repair. These cells have been historically defined by their in vitro potential for self-renewal and differentiation into "trilineage" cells; however, little is known about their in vivo identity. Here, we discuss recent progress on SSCs and how they potentially contribute to bone development and repair. RECENT FINDINGS Bone is composed of diverse tissues, which include cartilage and its perichondrium, cortical bone and its periosteum, and bone marrow and its trabecular bone and stromal compartment. We are now at the initial stage of understanding the precise identity of SSCs in each bone tissue. The emerging concept is that functionally dedicated SSCs are encased by their own unique cellular and extracellular matrix microenvironment, and locally support its own compartment. Diverse groups of SSCs are likely to work in concert to achieve development and repair of the highly functional skeletal organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsushita
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wanida Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Coyac BR, Sun Q, Leahy B, Salvi G, Yuan X, Brunski JB, Helms JA. Optimizing autologous bone contribution to implant osseointegration. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1632-1644. [PMID: 32279310 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous bone can be harvested from the flutes of a conventional drill or from a bone scraper; here we compared whether autologous bone chips generated by a new slow-speed instrument were more osteogenic than the bone chips generated by conventional drills or bone scrapers. Additionally, we tested whether the osteogenic potential of bone chips could be further improved by exposure to a Wnt signaling (WNT) therapeutic. METHODS Osteotomies were prepared in fresh rat maxillary first molar extraction sockets using a conventional drill or a new osseo-shaping instrument; titanium alloy implants were placed immediately thereafter. Using molecular/cellular and histologic analyses, the fates of the resulting bone chips were analyzed. To test whether increasing WNT signaling improved osteogenesis in an immediate post-extraction implant environment, a WNT therapeutic was introduced at the time of implant placement. RESULTS Bone collected from a conventional drill exhibited extensive apoptosis; in contrast, bone generated by the new instrument remained in situ, which preserved their viability. Also preserved was the viability of the osteoprogenitor cells attached to the bone chips. Exogenous treatment with a WNT therapeutic increased the rate of osteogenesis around immediate post-extraction implants. CONCLUSIONS Compared with conventional drills or bone scrapers, a new cutting instrument enabled concomitant site preparation with autologous bone chip collection. Histology/histomorphometric analyses revealed that the bone chips generated by this new tool were more osteogenic and could be further enhanced by exposure to a WNT therapeutic. Even though gaps still existed in placebo controls and liposomal WNT3A (L-WNT3A) cases, the area of peri-implant bone was significantly greater in L-WNT3A treated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Coyac
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Brian Leahy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Giuseppe Salvi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - John B Brunski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Jill A Helms
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Hsiao HY, Cheng CM, Kao SW, Liu JW, Chang CS, Harhaus L, Huang JJ. The effect of bone inhibitors on periosteum-guided cartilage regeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8372. [PMID: 32433520 PMCID: PMC7239872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration capacity of knee cartilage can be enhanced by applying periosteal grafts, but this effect varies depending on the different sources of the periosteal grafts applied for cartilage formation. Tibia periosteum can be used to enhance cartilage repair. However, long-term analysis has not been conducted. The endochondral ossification capacity of tibia periosteum during cartilage repair also needs to be investigated. In this study, both vascularized and non-vascularized tibia periosteum grafts were studied to understand the relationship between tissue perfusion of the periosteum graft and the effects on cartilage regeneration and bone formation. Furthermore, anti-ossification reagents were added to evaluate the efficacy of the prevention of bone formation along with cartilage regeneration. A critical-size cartilage defect (4 × 4 mm) was created and was covered with an autologous tibia vascularized periosteal flap or with a non-vascularized tibia periosteum patch on the knee in the rabbit model. A portion of the vascularized periosteum group was also treated with the anti-osteogenic reagents Fulvestrant and IL1β to inhibit unwanted bone formation. Our results indicated that the vascularized periosteum significantly enhanced cartilage regeneration in the cartilage defect region in long-term treatment compared to the non-vascularized group. Furthermore, the addition of anti-osteogenic reagents to the vascularized periosteum group suppressed bone formation but also reduced the cartilage regeneration rate. Our study using vascularized autologous tissue to repair cartilage defects of the knee may lead to the modification of current treatment in regard to osteoarthritis knee repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Hsiao
- Division of Microsurgery Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Kao
- Division of Microsurgery Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Liu
- Division of Microsurgery Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shin Chang
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Leila Harhaus
- Department of Plastic Surgery of Heidelberg University, BG Trauma center Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jung-Ju Huang
- Division of Microsurgery Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Sharieh F, Eby JM, Roper PM, Callaci JJ. Ethanol Inhibits Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteochondral Lineage Differentiation Due in Part to an Activation of Forkhead Box Protein O-Specific Signaling. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1204-1213. [PMID: 32304578 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During bone fracture repair, resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into chondrocytes, to form a cartilaginous fracture callus, and osteoblasts, to ossify the collagen matrix. Our laboratory previously reported that alcohol administration led to decreased cartilage formation within the fracture callus of rodents and this effect was mitigated by postfracture antioxidant treatment. Forkhead box protein O (FoxO) transcription factors are activated in response to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and alcohol has been shown to increase ROS. Activation of FoxOs has also been shown to inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, a necessary pathway for MSC differentiation. These findings have led to our hypothesis that alcohol exposure decreases osteochondrogenic differentiation of MSCs through the activation of FoxOs. METHODS Primary rat MSCs were treated with ethanol (EtOH) and assayed for FoxO expression, FoxO activation, and downstream target expression. Next, MSCs were differentiated toward osteogenic or chondrogenic lineages in the presence of 50 mM EtOH and alterations in osteochondral lineage marker expression were determined. Lastly, osteochondral differentiation experiments were repeated with FoxO1/3 knockdown or with FoxO1/3 inhibitor AS1842856 and osteochondral lineage marker expression was determined. RESULTS EtOH increased the expression of FoxO3a at mRNA and protein levels in primary cultured MSCs. This was accompanied by an increase in FoxO1 nuclear localization, FoxO1 activation, and downstream catalase expression. Moreover, EtOH exposure decreased expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic lineage markers. FoxO1/3 knockdown restored proosteogenic and prochondrogenic lineage marker expression in the presence of 50 mM EtOH. However, FoxO1/3 inhibitor only restored proosteogenic lineage marker expression. CONCLUSIONS These data show that EtOH has the ability to inhibit MSC differentiation, and this ability may rely, at least partially, on the activation of FoxO transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Sharieh
- From the, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Jonathan M Eby
- From the, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Philip M Roper
- From the, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - John J Callaci
- From the, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
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Marconi A, Hancock-Ronemus A, Gillis JA. Adult chondrogenesis and spontaneous cartilage repair in the skate, Leucoraja erinacea. eLife 2020; 9:e53414. [PMID: 32393435 PMCID: PMC7217701 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with poor capacity for spontaneous repair. Here, we show that embryonic development of cartilage in the skate (Leucoraja erinacea) mirrors that of mammals, with developing chondrocytes co-expressing genes encoding the transcription factors Sox5, Sox6 and Sox9. However, in skate, transcriptional features of developing cartilage persist into adulthood, both in peripheral chondrocytes and in cells of the fibrous perichondrium that ensheaths the skeleton. Using pulse-chase label retention experiments and multiplexed in situ hybridization, we identify a population of cycling Sox5/6/9+ perichondral progenitor cells that generate new cartilage during adult growth, and we show that persistence of chondrogenesis in adult skates correlates with ability to spontaneously repair cartilage injuries. Skates therefore offer a unique model for adult chondrogenesis and cartilage repair and may serve as inspiration for novel cell-based therapies for skeletal pathologies, such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Hancock-Ronemus
- Charles River LaboratoriesWilmington, MassachusettsUnited States
- Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods Hole, MassachusettsUnited States
| | - J Andrew Gillis
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods Hole, MassachusettsUnited States
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38
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Muder D, Nilsson O, Vedung T. Reconstruction of finger joints using autologous rib perichondrium - an observational study at a single Centre with a median follow-up of 37 years. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:278. [PMID: 32349740 PMCID: PMC7191712 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gratifying long-term results are difficult to achieve when reconstructing osteoarthritic finger joints. Implant surgery is the most commonly used method to restore function and dexterity. However, all types of implant have disadvantages and may be a less favorable option in some cases, especially in young patients with a long expected lifetime and high demands on manual load. Implant related complications as loosening, instability, subsidence and stiffness are the main concerns. In this context, joint reconstruction using rib perichondrium might be a reasonable alternative in selected cases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term results of finger joint reconstruction using rib perichondrial transplantation. METHODS The study group (n = 11) consisted of eight individuals reconstructed in the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints and three reconstructed in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints during 1974-1981. All patients were evaluated at clinical visits (median: 37 years after perichondrial transplantation, range: 34-41 years) using radiographs, disability in arm-shoulder-hand (DASH) score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), range-of-motion (ROM) and manual strength (JAMAR). RESULTS None of the 11 patients had undergone additional surgery. All of the PIP-joints (n = 8) were almost pain-free at activity (VAS 0,6) (range 0-4), had an average range-of-motion of 41 degrees (range 5-80) and a mean DASH-score of 8,3 (range 1-51). The mean strength was 41 kg compared to 44 kg in the contralateral hand (93%). The three MCP joints were almost pain-free at activity (VAS 0,7), (range 0-1). The ROM was on average 80 degrees (range 70-90) and the mean DASH-score was 2 (range 1-3). The mean strength was 43 kg compared to 53 kg in the contralateral hand (81%). CONCLUSIONS Perichondrium transplants restored injured PIP and MCP joints that remained essentially pain-free and mostly well-functioning without need for additional surgeries up to 41 years after the procedure. Additional studies are needed to evaluate long-term results in comparison to modern implants and to better describe the factors that determine the outcome of these procedures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, Therapeutic Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Muder
- Department of Surgical Sciences/Orthopedics & Hand Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrence 70 1 floor, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Orthopedics, Falu Lasarett, Lasarettsvägen 10, 791 82, Falun, Sweden
| | - Ola Nilsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University and University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Vedung
- Department of Surgical Sciences/Orthopedics & Hand Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrence 70 1 floor, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Elisabeth Hospital Aleris, Geijersgatan 20, 752 26, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Serowoky MA, Arata CE, Crump JG, Mariani FV. Skeletal stem cells: insights into maintaining and regenerating the skeleton. Development 2020; 147:147/5/dev179325. [PMID: 32161063 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) generate the progenitors needed for growth, maintenance and repair of the skeleton. Historically, SSCs have been defined as bone marrow-derived cells with inconsistent characteristics. However, recent in vivo tracking experiments have revealed the presence of SSCs not only within the bone marrow but also within the periosteum and growth plate reserve zone. These studies show that SSCs are highly heterogeneous with regard to lineage potential. It has also been revealed that, during digit tip regeneration and in some non-mammalian vertebrates, the dedifferentiation of osteoblasts may contribute to skeletal regeneration. Here, we examine how these research findings have furthered our understanding of the diversity and plasticity of SSCs that mediate skeletal maintenance and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell A Serowoky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Claire E Arata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Francesca V Mariani
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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40
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Root SH, Wee NKY, Novak S, Rosen CJ, Baron R, Matthews BG, Kalajzic I. Perivascular osteoprogenitors are associated with transcortical channels of long bones. Stem Cells 2020; 38:769-781. [PMID: 32053258 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling and regeneration are dependent on resident stem/progenitor cells with the ability to replenish mature osteoblasts and repair the skeleton. Using lineage tracing approaches, we identified a population of Dmp1+ cells that reside within cortical bone and are distinct from osteocytes. Our aims were to characterize this stromal population of transcortical perivascular cells (TPCs) in their resident niche and evaluate their osteogenic potential. To distinguish this population from osteoblasts/osteocytes, we crossed mice containing inducible DMP1CreERT2/Ai9 Tomato reporter (iDMP/T) with Col2.3GFP reporter (ColGFP), a marker of osteoblasts and osteocytes. We observed iDMP/T+;ColGFP- TPCs within cortical bone following tamoxifen injection. These cells were perivascular and located within transcortical channels. Ex vivo bone outgrowth cultures showed TPCs migrated out of the channels onto the plate and expressed stem cell markers such as Sca1, platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ), and leptin receptor. In a cortical bone transplantation model, TPCs migrate from their vascular niche within cortical bone and contribute to new osteoblast formation and bone tube closure. Treatment with intermittent parathyroid hormone increased TPC number and differentiation. TPCs were unable to differentiate into adipocytes in the presence of rosiglitazone in vitro or in vivo. Altogether, we have identified and characterized a novel stromal lineage-restricted osteoprogenitor that is associated with transcortical vessels of long bones. Functionally, we have demonstrated that this population can migrate out of cortical bone channels, expand, and differentiate into osteoblasts, therefore serving as a source of progenitors contributing to new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra H Root
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Natalie K Y Wee
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brya G Matthews
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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41
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Ruscitto A, Morel MM, Shawber CJ, Reeve G, Lecholop MK, Bonthius D, Yao H, Embree MC. Evidence of vasculature and chondrocyte to osteoblast transdifferentiation in craniofacial synovial joints: Implications for osteoarthritis diagnosis and therapy. FASEB J 2020; 34:4445-4461. [PMID: 32030828 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902287r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) leads to permanent cartilage destruction, jaw dysfunction, and compromises the quality of life. However, the pathological mechanisms governing TMJ OA are poorly understood. Unlike appendicular articular cartilage, the TMJ has two distinct functions as the synovial joint of the craniofacial complex and also as the site for endochondral jaw bone growth. The established dogma of endochondral bone ossification is that hypertrophic chondrocytes undergo apoptosis, while invading vasculature with osteoprogenitors replace cartilage with bone. However, contemporary murine genetic studies support the direct differentiation of chondrocytes into osteoblasts and osteocytes in the TMJ. Here we sought to characterize putative vasculature and cartilage to bone transdifferentiation using healthy and diseased TMJ tissues from miniature pigs and humans. During endochondral ossification, the presence of fully formed vasculature expressing CD31+ endothelial cells and α-SMA+ vascular smooth muscle cells were detected within all cellular zones in growing miniature pigs. Arterial, endothelial, venous, angiogenic, and mural cell markers were significantly upregulated in miniature pig TMJ tissues relative to donor matched knee meniscus fibrocartilage tissue. Upon surgically creating TMJ OA in miniature pigs, we discovered increased vasculature and putative chondrocyte to osteoblast transformation dually marked by COL2 and BSP or RUNX2 within the vascular bundles. Pathological human TMJ tissues also exhibited increased vasculature, while isolated diseased human TMJ cells exhibited marked increased in vasculature markers relative to control 293T cells. Our study provides evidence to suggest that the TMJ in higher order species are in fact vascularized. There have been no reports of cartilage to bone transdifferentiation or vasculature in human-relevant TMJ OA large animal models or in human TMJ tissues and cells. Therefore, these findings may potentially alter the clinical management of TMJ OA by defining new drugs that target angiogenesis or block the cartilage to bone transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ruscitto
- Cartilage Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mallory M Morel
- Cartilage Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carrie J Shawber
- Department of OB/GYN, Division of Reproductive Sciences, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Reeve
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael K Lecholop
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Daniel Bonthius
- Clemson-MUSC Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Hai Yao
- Clemson-MUSC Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Greenville, SC, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mildred C Embree
- Cartilage Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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D'Arienzo A, Andreani L, Sacchetti F, Colangeli S, Capanna R. Hereditary Multiple Exostoses: Current Insights. Orthop Res Rev 2019; 11:199-211. [PMID: 31853203 PMCID: PMC6916679 DOI: 10.2147/orr.s183979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), also called hereditary multiple osteochondromas, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple osteochondromas that grow near the growth plates of bones such as the ribs, pelvis, vertebrae and especially long bones. The disease presents with various clinical manifestations including chronic pain syndromes, restricted range of motion, limb deformity, short stature, scoliosis and neurovascular alteration. Malignant transformation of exostosis is rarely seen. The disease has no medical treatment and surgery is only recommended in symptomatic exostoses or in cases where a malignant transformation is suspected. HME is mainly caused by mutations and functional loss of the EXT1 and EXT2 genes which encode glycosyltransferases, an enzyme family involved in heparan sulfate (HS) synthesis. However, the peculiar molecular mechanism that leads to the structural changes of the cartilage and to osteochondroma formation is still being studied. Basic science studies have recently shown new insights about altering the molecular and cellular mechanism caused by HS deficiency. Pediatricians, geneticists and orthopedic surgeons play an important role in the study and treatment of this severe pathology. Despite the recent significant advances, we still need novel insights to better specify the role of HS in signal transduction. The purpose of this review was to analyze the most relevant aspects of HME from the literature review, give readers an important tool to understand its clinical features and metabolic-pathogenetic mechanism, and to identify an effective treatment method. We focused on the aspects of the disease related to clinical management and surgical treatment in order to give up-to-date information that could be useful for following best clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D'Arienzo
- Department of Translational Research on New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Andreani
- Department of Translational Research on New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Sacchetti
- Department of Translational Research on New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Colangeli
- Department of Translational Research on New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Capanna
- Department of Translational Research on New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Sun Q, Li Z, Liu B, Yuan X, Guo S, Helms JA. Improving intraoperative storage conditions for autologous bone grafts: An experimental investigation in mice. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:2169-2180. [PMID: 31617958 DOI: 10.1002/term.2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Department of Plastic SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStanford School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Zhijun Li
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStanford School of Medicine Stanford CA
- Department of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Bo Liu
- Ankasa Regenerative Therapeutics, Inc. South San Francisco CA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStanford School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Jill A. Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStanford School of Medicine Stanford CA
- Ankasa Regenerative Therapeutics, Inc. South San Francisco CA
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Dincel YM, Alagoz E, Arikan Y, Caglar AK, Dogru SC, Ortes F, Arslan YZ. Biomechanical, histological, and radiological effects of different phosphodiesterase inhibitors on femoral fracture healing in rats. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2019; 26:2309499018777885. [PMID: 29848169 DOI: 10.1177/2309499018777885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the biomechanical, histological, and radiological effects of sildenafil and pentoxifylline on femoral fracture healing in rats. METHODS Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups equally according to the pharmacological agents to be investigated. Femoral shaft fractures were formed in the left side. Group 1 (control group), group 2, and group 3 were administered with saline, sildenafil, and pentoxifylline during the fracture healing process, respectively. Eight rats from each group were euthanized on days 15 and 30. X-ray images of the rats were taken after euthanasia for radiographical examination. Femur samples were subjected to histopathological and biomechanical (three-point bending) examinations. RESULTS Radiologically, no difference between the Goldberg scores of the groups was found for day 15 ( p > 0.05), while higher Goldberg scores were obtained from group 2 than that of group 1 ( p > 0.05) and group 3 ( p < 0.05) for day 30. In the biomechanical analysis, higher mean breaking forces were found both for day 15 and day 30 from group 2 than those obtained from group 1 (for day 15 p > 0.05 and day 30 p > 0.05) and group 3 (for day 15 p < 0.05 and day 30 p < 0.01). Higher mean absorbed energy values were obtained from group 2 than those obtained from group 1 (for day 15 p > 0.05 and day 30 p < 0.05) and group 3 (for day 15 p < 0.01 and day 30 p < 0.01). A significant difference was not found between the histological scores of all groups ( p > 0.05) for day 15, while the histological score of group 1 on day 30 was found to be significantly lower than that of sildenafil and pentoxifylline groups ( p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sildenafil had a positive effect on fracture healing, while pentoxifylline did not provide consistent positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Mahsut Dincel
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Metin Sabancı Baltalimanı Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ender Alagoz
- 2 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Arikan
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Metin Sabancı Baltalimanı Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Kara Caglar
- 3 Department of Pathology, İstanbul Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suzan Cansel Dogru
- 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faruk Ortes
- 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yunus Ziya Arslan
- 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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45
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MalekiGorji M, Golestaneh A. Histological Evaluation of the Effect of Sildenafil and Pentoxifylline on Mandibular Fracture Healing in Rats. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/jrdms.4.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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46
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Kawata M, Mori D, Kanke K, Hojo H, Ohba S, Chung UI, Yano F, Masaki H, Otsu M, Nakauchi H, Tanaka S, Saito T. Simple and Robust Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells toward Chondrocytes by Two Small-Molecule Compounds. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:530-544. [PMID: 31402337 PMCID: PMC6739881 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple induction protocol to differentiate chondrocytes from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using small-molecule compounds is beneficial for cartilage regenerative medicine and mechanistic studies of chondrogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that chondrocytes are robustly induced from human PSCs by simple combination of two compounds, CHIR99021, a glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor, and TTNPB, a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist, under serum- and feeder-free conditions within 5-9 days. An excellent differentiation efficiency and potential to form hyaline cartilaginous tissues in vivo were demonstrated. Comprehensive gene expression and open chromatin analyses at each protocol stage revealed step-by-step differentiation toward chondrocytes. Genome-wide analysis of RAR and β-catenin association with DNA showed that retinoic acid and Wnt/β-catenin signaling collaboratively regulated the key marker genes at each differentiation stage. This method provides a promising cell source for regenerative medicine and, as an in vitro model, may facilitate elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kawata
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kanke
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Otsu
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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47
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Meinberg EG, Clark D, Miclau KR, Marcucio R, Miclau T. Fracture repair in the elderly: Clinical and experimental considerations. Injury 2019; 50 Suppl 1:S62-S65. [PMID: 31130210 PMCID: PMC7021229 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fractures in the elderly represent a significant and rising socioeconomic problem. Although aging has been associated with delays in healing, there is little direct clinical data isolating the effects of aging on bone healing from the associated comorbidities that are frequently present in elderly populations. Basic research has demonstrated that all of the components of fracture repair-cells, extracellular matrix, blood supply, and molecules and their receptors-are negatively impacted by the aging process, which likely explains poorer clinical outcomes. Improved understanding of age-related fracture healing should aid in the development of novel treatment strategies, technologies, and therapies to improve bone repair in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Meinberg
- UCSF/ZSFG Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Clark
- UCSF/ZSFG Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K R Miclau
- UCSF/ZSFG Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Marcucio
- UCSF/ZSFG Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T Miclau
- UCSF/ZSFG Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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48
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Verbeeck L, Geris L, Tylzanowski P, Luyten FP. Uncoupling of in-vitro identity of embryonic limb derived skeletal progenitors and their in-vivo bone forming potential. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5782. [PMID: 30962493 PMCID: PMC6453955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The healing of large bone defects remains a major unmet medical need. Our developmental engineering approach consists of the in vitro manufacturing of a living cartilage tissue construct that upon implantation forms bone by recapitulating an endochondral ossification process. Key to this strategy is the identification of the cells to produce such cartilage intermediates efficiently. We applied a cell selection strategy based on published skeletal stem cell markers using mouse embryonic limb cartilage as cell source and analysed their potential to form bone in an in vivo ectopic assay. FGF2 supplementation to the culture media for expansion blocked dedifferentiation of the embryonic cartilage cells in culture and enriched for stem cells and progenitors as quantified using the recently published CD marker set. However, when the stem cells and progenitors were fractionated from expanded embryonic cartilage cells and assessed in the ectopic assay, a major loss of bone forming potential was observed. We conclude that cell expansion appears to affect the association between cell identity based on CD markers and in vivo bone forming capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louca Verbeeck
- Prometheus, Div of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Tissue Engineering laboratory, SBERC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Prometheus, Div of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Development & Stem Cell Biology laboratory, SBERC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Dept of Bioch. & Mol Biol., Medical University Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Prometheus, Div of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Tissue Engineering laboratory, SBERC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Development & Stem Cell Biology laboratory, SBERC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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49
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Sayilekshmy M, Hansen RB, Delaissé JM, Rolighed L, Andersen TL, Heegaard AM. Innervation is higher above Bone Remodeling Surfaces and in Cortical Pores in Human Bone: Lessons from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5361. [PMID: 30926835 PMCID: PMC6441095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence from animal studies suggests a role of the nervous system in bone physiology. However, little is known about the nerve fiber localization to human bone compartments and bone surface events. This study reveals the density and distribution of nerves in human bone and the association of nerve profiles to bone remodeling events and vascular structures in iliac crest biopsies isolated from patients diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Bone sections were sequentially double-immunostained for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker for sympathetic nerves, followed by protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), a pan-neuronal marker, or double-immunostained for either PGP9.5 or TH in combination with CD34, an endothelial marker. In the bone marrow, the nerve profile density was significantly higher above remodeling surfaces as compared to quiescent bone surfaces. Ninety-five percentages of all nerve profiles were associated with vascular structures with the highest association to capillaries and arterioles. Moreover, vasculature with innervation was denser above bone remodeling surfaces. Finally, the nerve profiles density was 5-fold higher in the intracortical pores compared to bone marrow and periosteum. In conclusion, the study shows an anatomical link between innervation and bone remodeling in human bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Sayilekshmy
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rie Bager Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Marie Delaissé
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle Hospital - Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark.,Clinical Cell Biology, Research Unit of Pathology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Rolighed
- Department of Surgery and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Levin Andersen
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle Hospital - Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark. .,Clinical Cell Biology, Research Unit of Pathology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Anne-Marie Heegaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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50
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Katoh-Fukui Y, Baba T, Sato T, Otake H, Nagakui-Noguchi Y, Shindo M, Suyama M, Ohkawa Y, Tsumura H, Morohashi KI, Fukami M. Mouse polycomb group gene Cbx2 promotes osteoblastic but suppresses adipogenic differentiation in postnatal long bones. Bone 2019; 120:219-231. [PMID: 30389610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A set of key developmental genes is essential for skeletal growth from multipotent progenitor cells at weaning. Polycomb group proteins, which regulate such genes contributes to the cell lineage commitment and subsequent differentiation via epigenetic chromatin modification and remodeling. However, it is unclear which cell lineage and gene sets are targeted by polycomb proteins during skeletal growth. We now report that mice deficient in a polycomb group gene Cbx2cterm/cterm exhibited skeletal hypoplasia in the tibia, femur, and cranium. Long bone cavities in these mice contained fewer multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. RNA-sequencing of bone marrow cells showed downregulation and upregulation of osteoblastic and adipogenic genes, respectively. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes specifically expressed in B-cell precursors were decreased. Forced expression of Cbx2 in Cbx2cterm/cterm bone marrow stromal cell recovered fibroblastic colony formation and suppressed adipogenic differentiation. Collectively, our results suggest that Cbx2 controls the maintenance and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Katoh-Fukui
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute of Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Takashi Baba
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sato
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Division of Bioinformatics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Otake
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Miyuki Shindo
- Department of Experimental Animals, National Research Institute of Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikita Suyama
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Division of Bioinformatics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Fukuoka, Japan; Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Tsumura
- Department of Experimental Animals, National Research Institute of Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichirou Morohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute of Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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