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Li Y, Zhao L, Guo C, Tang M, Lian W, Chen S, Pan Y, Xu X, Luo C, Yi Y, Cui Y, Chen L. OsNAC103, an NAC transcription factor negatively regulates plant height in rice. PLANTA 2024; 259:35. [PMID: 38193994 PMCID: PMC10776745 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION OsNAC103 negatively regulates rice plant height by influencing the cell cycle and crosstalk of phytohormones. Plant height is an important characteristic of rice farming and is directly related to agricultural yield. Although there has been great progress in research on plant growth regulation, numerous genes remain to be elucidated. NAC transcription factors are widespread in plants and have a vital function in plant growth. Here, we observed that the overexpression of OsNAC103 resulted in a dwarf phenotype, whereas RNA interference (RNAi) plants and osnac103 mutants showed no significant difference. Further investigation revealed that the cell length did not change, indicating that the dwarfing of plants was caused by a decrease in cell number due to cell cycle arrest. The content of the bioactive cytokinin N6-Δ2-isopentenyladenine (iP) decreased as a result of the cytokinin synthesis gene being downregulated and the enhanced degradation of cytokinin oxidase. OsNAC103 overexpression also inhibited cell cycle progression and regulated the activity of the cell cyclin OsCYCP2;1 to arrest the cell cycle. We propose that OsNAC103 may further influence rice development and gibberellin-cytokinin crosstalk by regulating the Oryza sativa homeobox 71 (OSH71). Collectively, these results offer novel perspectives on the role of OsNAC103 in controlling plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chiming Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, 361006, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wenli Lian
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yuehan Pan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiaorong Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chengke Luo
- Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yin Yi
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yuchao Cui
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Xu W, Lin Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhu H, Zhou H. Phenotypic Analysis and Molecular Characterization of Enlarged Cell Size Mutant in Nannochloropsis oceanica. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13595. [PMID: 37686401 PMCID: PMC10487731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is the fundamental cellular process of eukaryotes. Although cell-cycle-related genes have been identified in microalgae, their cell cycle progression differs from species to species. Cell enlargement in microalgae is an essential biological trait. At the same time, there are various causes of cell enlargement, such as environmental factors, especially gene mutations. In this study, we first determined the phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of a previously obtained enlarged-cell-size mutant of Nannochloropsis oceanica, which was designated ECS. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of the insertion sites of ECS indicated that the insertion fragment is integrated inside the 5'-UTR of U/P-type cyclin CYCU;1 and significantly decreases the gene expression of this cyclin. In addition, the transcriptome showed that CYCU;1 is a highly expressed cyclin. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis and RT-qPCR of cell-cycle-related genes showed that ECS maintains a high proportion of 4C cells and a low proportion of 1C cells, and the expression level of CYCU;1 in wild-type (WT) cells is significantly increased at the end of the light phase and the beginning of the dark phase. This means that CYCU;1 is involved in cell division in the dark phase. Our results explain the reason for the larger ECS size. Mutation of CYCU;1 leads to the failure of ECS to fully complete cell division in the dark phase, resulting in an enlargement of the cell size and a decrease in cell density, which is helpful to understand the function of CYCU;1 in the Nannochloropsis cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China;
| | - Yihua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China;
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China;
| | - Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China;
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China;
| | - Hantao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China;
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Larriba E, Nicolás-Albujer M, Sánchez-García AB, Pérez-Pérez JM. Identification of Transcriptional Networks Involved in De Novo Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16112. [PMID: 36555756 PMCID: PMC9788163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the hormone crosstalk and transcription factors (TFs) involved in wound-induced organ regeneration have been extensively studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In previous work, we established Solanum lycopersicum "Micro-Tom" explants without the addition of exogenous hormones as a model to investigate wound-induced de novo organ formation. The current working model indicates that cell reprogramming and founder cell activation requires spatial and temporal regulation of auxin-to-cytokinin (CK) gradients in the apical and basal regions of the hypocotyl combined with extensive metabolic reprogramming of some cells in the apical region. In this work, we extended our transcriptomic analysis to identify some of the gene regulatory networks involved in wound-induced organ regeneration in tomato. Our results highlight a functional conservation of key TF modules whose function is conserved during de novo organ formation in plants, which will serve as a valuable resource for future studies.
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Obando-Montoya EJ, Zapata-Ocampo PA, Cuesta-Astroz Y, Atehortua L. Impact of light wavelength on the transcriptome of Porphyridium cruentum and culture yield. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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5
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Li Y, Chu L, Liu X, Zhang N, Xu Y, Karikari B, Wang Y, Chang F, Liu Z, Tan L, Yue H, Xing G, Zhao T. Genetic Architecture and Candidate Genes for Pubescence Length and Density and Its Relationship With Resistance to Common Cutworm in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:771850. [PMID: 35069626 PMCID: PMC8776989 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.771850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soybean pubescence plays an important role in insect resistance, drought tolerance, and other stresses. Hence, a deep understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying pubescence is a prerequisite to a deeper understanding of insect resistance and drought tolerance. In the present study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of pubescence traits was performed using a high-density inter-specific linkage map of one recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, designated NJRINP. It was observed that pubescence length (PL) was negatively correlated with pubescence density (PD). A total of 10 and 9 QTLs distributed on six and five chromosomes were identified with phenotypic variance (PV) of 3.0-9.9% and 0.8-15.8% for PL and PD, respectively, out of which, eight and five were novel. Most decreased PL (8 of 10) and increased PD (8 of 9) alleles were from the wild soybean PI 342618B. Based on gene annotation, Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships and literature search, 21 and 12 candidate genes were identified related to PL and PD, respectively. In addition, Glyma.12G187200 from major QTLs qPL-12-1 and qPD-12-2, was identified as Ps (sparse pubescence) before, having an expression level of fivefold greater in NN 86-4 than in PI 342618B, hence it might be the candidate gene that is conferring both PL and PD. Based on gene expression and cluster analysis, three and four genes were considered as the important candidate genes of PL and PD, respectively. Besides, leaves with short and dense (SD) pubescence, which are similar to the wild soybean pubescence morphology, had the highest resistance to common cutworm (CCW) in soybean. In conclusion, the findings in the present study provide a better understanding of genetic basis and candidate genes information of PL and PD and the relationship with resistance to CCW in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Chu
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benjamin Karikari
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Yu Wang
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangguo Chang
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zexinan Liu
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianmei Tan
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Yue
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangnan Xing
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Li WF, Kang Y, Zhang Y, Zang QL, Qi LW. Concerted control of the LaRAV1-LaCDKB1;3 module by temperature during dormancy release and reactivation of larch. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1918-1937. [PMID: 33847364 PMCID: PMC8498939 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy release and reactivation of temperate-zone trees involve the temperature-modulated expression of cell-cycle genes. However, information on the detailed regulatory mechanism is limited. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of the stems of active and dormant larch trees, emphasizing the expression patterns of cell-cycle genes and transcription factors and assessed their relationships and responses to temperatures. Twelve cell-cycle genes and 31 transcription factors were strongly expressed in the active stage. Promoter analysis suggested that these 12 genes might be regulated by transcription factors from 10 families. Altogether, 73 cases of regulation between 16 transcription factors and 12 cell-cycle genes were predicted, while the regulatory interactions between LaMYB20 and LaCYCB1;1, and LaRAV1 and LaCDKB1;3 were confirmed by yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays. Last, we found that LaRAV1 and LaCDKB1;3 had almost the same expression patterns during dormancy release and reactivation induced naturally or artificially by temperature, indicating that the LaRAV1-LaCDKB1;3 module functions in the temperature-modulated dormancy release and reactivation of larch trees. These results provide new insights into the link between temperature and cell-cycle gene expression, helping to understand the temperature control of tree growth and development in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1, Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1, Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1, Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Lu Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1, Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1, Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
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Tvorogova VE, Krasnoperova EY, Potsenkovskaia EA, Kudriashov AA, Dodueva IE, Lutova LA. What Does the WOX Say? Review of Regulators, Targets, Partners. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689332102031x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Rasul F, Gupta S, Olas JJ, Gechev T, Sujeeth N, Mueller-Roeber B. Priming with a Seaweed Extract Strongly Improves Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1469. [PMID: 33540571 PMCID: PMC7867171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought represents a major threat to plants in natural ecosystems and agricultural settings. The biostimulant Super Fifty (SF), produced from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum, enables ecologically friendly stress mitigation. We investigated the physiological and whole-genome transcriptome responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to drought stress after a treatment with SF. SF strongly decreased drought-induced damage. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which typically stifle plant growth during drought, was reduced in SF-primed plants. Relative water content remained high in SF-treated plants, whilst ion leakage, a measure of cell damage, was reduced compared to controls. Plant growth requires a functional shoot apical meristem (SAM). Expression of a stress-responsive negative growth regulator, RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 26 (RD26), was repressed by SF treatment at the SAM, consistent with the model that SF priming maintains the function of the SAM during drought stress. Accordingly, expression of the cell cycle marker gene HISTONE H4 (HIS4) was maintained at the SAMs of SF-primed plants, revealing active cell cycle progression after SF priming during drought. In accordance with this, CYCP2;1, which promotes meristem cell division, was repressed by drought but enhanced by SF. SF also positively affected stomatal behavior to support the tolerance to drought stress. Collectively, our data show that SF priming mitigates multiple cellular processes that otherwise impair plant growth under drought stress, thereby providing a knowledge basis for future research on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Rasul
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
- BioAtlantis Ltd., Clash Industrial Estate, V92 RWV5 Tralee, Ireland
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Justyna Jadwiga Olas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
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Convergence and Divergence of Sugar and Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031282. [PMID: 33525430 PMCID: PMC7865218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants adjust their growth and development through a sophisticated regulatory system integrating endogenous and exogenous cues. Many of them rely on intricate crosstalk between nutrients and hormones, an effective way of coupling nutritional and developmental information and ensuring plant survival. Sugars in their different forms such as sucrose, glucose, fructose and trehalose-6-P and the hormone family of cytokinins (CKs) are major regulators of the shoot and root functioning throughout the plant life cycle. While their individual roles have been extensively investigated, their combined effects have unexpectedly received little attention, resulting in many gaps in current knowledge. The present review provides an overview of the relationship between sugars and CKs signaling in the main developmental transition during the plant lifecycle, including seed development, germination, seedling establishment, root and shoot branching, leaf senescence, and flowering. These new insights highlight the diversity and the complexity of the crosstalk between sugars and CKs and raise several questions that will open onto further investigations of these regulation networks orchestrating plant growth and development.
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10
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Phylogenetic analysis of cell-cycle regulatory proteins within the Symbiodiniaceae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20473. [PMID: 33235281 PMCID: PMC7686383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In oligotrophic waters, cnidarian hosts rely on symbiosis with their photosynthetic dinoflagellate partners (family Symbiodiniaceae) to obtain the nutrients they need to grow, reproduce and survive. For this symbiosis to persist, the host must regulate the growth and proliferation of its symbionts. One of the proposed regulatory mechanisms is arrest of the symbiont cell cycle in the G1 phase, though the cellular mechanisms involved remain unknown. Cell-cycle progression in eukaryotes is controlled by the conserved family of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their partner cyclins. We identified CDKs and cyclins in different Symbiodiniaceae species and examined their relationship to homologs in other eukaryotes. Cyclin proteins related to eumetazoan cell-cycle-related cyclins A, B, D, G/I and Y, and transcriptional cyclin L, were identified in the Symbiodiniaceae, alongside several alveolate-specific cyclin A/B proteins, and proteins related to protist P/U-type cyclins and apicomplexan cyclins. The largest expansion of Symbiodiniaceae cyclins was in the P/U-type cyclin groups. Proteins related to eumetazoan cell-cycle-related CDKs (CDK1) were identified as well as transcription-related CDKs. The largest expansion of CDK groups was, however, in alveolate-specific groups which comprised 11 distinct CDK groups (CDKA-J) with CDKB being the most widely distributed CDK protein. As a result of its phylogenetic position, conservation across Symbiodiniaceae species, and the presence of the canonical CDK motif, CDKB emerged as a likely candidate for a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc28/Pho85-like homolog in Symbiodiniaceae. Similar to cyclins, two CDK-groups found in Symbiodiniaceae species were solely associated with apicomplexan taxa. A comparison of Breviolum minutum CDK and cyclin gene expression between free-living and symbiotic states showed that several alveolate-specific CDKs and two P/U-type cyclins exhibited altered expression in hospite, suggesting that symbiosis influences the cell cycle of symbionts on a molecular level. These results highlight the divergence of Symbiodiniaceae cell-cycle proteins across species. These results have important implications for host control of the symbiont cell cycle in novel cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbioses.
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Chen Y, Sun S, Wang X. The epidermis-specific cyclin CYCP3;1 is involved in the excess brassinosteroid signaling-inhibited root meristem cell division. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1674-1687. [PMID: 32470187 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell division is precisely regulated and highly tissue-specific; studies have suggested that diverse signals in the epidermis, especially the epidermal brassinosteroids (BRs), can regulate root growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that integrate hormonal cues such as BR signaling with other endogenous, tissue-specific developmental programs to regulate epidermal cell proliferation remain unclear. In this study, we used molecular and biochemical approaches, microscopic imaging and genetic analysis to investigate the function and mechanisms of a P-type cyclin in root growth regulation. We found that CYCP3;1, specifically expressed in the root meristem epidermis and lateral root cap, can regulate meristem cell division. Mitotic analyses and biochemical studies demonstrated that CYCP3;1 promotes cell division at the G2-M duration by associating and activating cyclin-dependent kinase B2-1 (CDKB2;1). Furthermore, we found that CYCP3;1 expression was inhibited by BR signaling through BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1), a positive downstream transcription factor in the BR signaling pathway. These findings not only provide a mechanism of how root epidermal-specific regulators modulate root growth, but also reveal why the excess of BRs or enhanced BR signaling inhibits cell division in the meristem to negatively regulate root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shiyong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Xuelu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
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12
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Xu L, Wang F, Li R, Deng M, Fu M, Teng H, Yi K. OsCYCP4s coordinate phosphate starvation signaling with cell cycle progression in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1017-1033. [PMID: 31697021 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate starvation leads to a strong reduction in shoot growth and yield in crops. The reduced shoot growth is caused by extensive gene expression reprogramming triggered by phosphate deficiency, which is not itself a direct consequence of low levels of shoot phosphorus. However, how phosphate starvation inhibits shoot growth in rice is still unclear. In this study, we determined the role of OsCYCP4s in the regulation of shoot growth in response to phosphate starvation in rice. We demonstrate that the expression levels of OsCYCP4s, except OsCYCP4;3, were induced by phosphate starvation. Overexpression of the phosphate starvation induced OsCYCP4s could compete with the other cyclins for the binding with cyclin-dependent kinases, therefore suppressing growth by reducing cell proliferation. The phosphate starvation induced growth inhibition in the loss-of-function mutants cycp4;1, cycp4;2, and cycp4;4 is partially compromised. Furthermore, the expression of some phosphate starvation inducible genes is negatively modulated by these cyclins, which indicates that these OsCYCP4s may also be involved in phosphate starvation signaling. We conclude that phosphate starvation induced OsCYCP4s might coordinate phosphate starvation signaling and cell cycle progression under phosphate starvation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Ruili Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Minjuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Meilan Fu
- The Semi-arid Agriculture Engineering & Technology Research Center of P. R. China, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Huiying Teng
- The Semi-arid Agriculture Engineering & Technology Research Center of P. R. China, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Keke Yi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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13
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Liao H, Fu X, Zhao H, Cheng J, Zhang R, Yao X, Duan X, Shan H, Kong H. The morphology, molecular development and ecological function of pseudonectaries on Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) petals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1777. [PMID: 32286317 PMCID: PMC7156421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudonectaries, or false nectaries, the glistening structures that resemble nectaries or nectar droplets but do not secrete nectar, show considerable diversity and play important roles in plant-animal interactions. The morphological nature, optical features, molecular underpinnings and ecological functions of pseudonectaries, however, remain largely unclear. Here, we show that pseudonectaries of Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) are tiny, regional protrusions covered by tightly arranged, non-secretory polygonal epidermal cells with flat, smooth and reflective surface, and are clearly visible even under ultraviolet light and bee vision. We also show that genes associated with cell division, chloroplast development and wax formation are preferably expressed in pseudonectaries. Specifically, NidaYABBY5, an abaxial gene with ectopic expression in pseudonectaries, is indispensable for pseudonectary development: knockdown of it led to complete losses of pseudonectaries. Notably, when flowers without pseudonectaries were arrayed beside those with pseudonectaries, clear differences were observed in the visiting frequency, probing time and visiting behavior of pollinators (i.e., honey bees), suggesting that pseudonectaries serve as both visual attractants and nectar guides. Interspecies interactions, including those between plants and pollinators, can involve deception. The authors characterize the molecular development of Nigella damascena pseudonectaries, and their adaptive function in attracting specific pollinators to concealed nectaries with visual cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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14
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Youngstrom CE, Geadelmann LF, Irish EE, Cheng CL. A fern WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene functions in both gametophyte and sporophyte generations. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:416. [PMID: 31601197 PMCID: PMC6788082 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-embryonic growth of land plants originates from meristems. Genetic networks in meristems maintain the stem cells and direct acquisition of cell fates. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) transcription factors involved in meristem networks have only been functionally characterized in two evolutionarily distant taxa, mosses and seed plants. This report characterizes a WOX gene in a fern, which is located phylogenetically between the two taxa. RESULTS CrWOXB transcripts were detected in proliferating tissues, including gametophyte and sporophyte meristems of Ceratopteris richardii. In addition, CrWOXB is expressed in archegonia but not the antheridia of gametophytes. Suppression of CrWOXB expression in wild-type RN3 plants by RNAi produced abnormal morphologies of gametophytes and sporophytes. The gametophytes of RNAi lines produced fewer cells, and fewer female gametes compared to wild-type. In the sporophyte generation, RNAi lines produced fewer leaves, pinnae, roots and lateral roots compared to wild-type sporophytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CrWOXB functions to promote cell divisions and organ development in the gametophyte and sporophyte generations, respectively. CrWOXB is the first intermediate-clade WOX gene shown to function in both generations in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lander F. Geadelmann
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 129 E. Jefferson St., Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Erin E. Irish
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 129 E. Jefferson St., Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Chi-Lien Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 129 E. Jefferson St., Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
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15
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Ahmad Z, Magyar Z, Bögre L, Papdi C. Cell cycle control by the target of rapamycin signalling pathway in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2275-2284. [PMID: 30918972 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells need to ensure a sufficient nutrient and energy supply before committing to proliferate. In response to positive mitogenic signals, such as light, sugar availability, and hormones, the target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway promotes cell growth that connects to the entry and passage through the cell division cycle via multiple signalling mechanisms. Here, we summarize current understanding of cell cycle regulation by the RBR-E2F regulatory hub and the DREAM-like complexes, and highlight possible functional relationships between these regulators and TOR signalling. A genetic screen recently uncovered a downstream signalling component to TOR that regulates cell proliferation, YAK1, a member of the dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. YAK1 activates the plant-specific SIAMESE-RELATED (SMR) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and therefore could be important to regulate both the CDKA-RBR-E2F pathway to control the G1/S transition and the mitotic CDKB1;1 to control the G2/M transition. TOR, as a master regulator of both protein synthesis-driven cell growth and cell proliferation is also central for cell size homeostasis. We conclude the review by briefly highlighting the potential applications of combining TOR and cell cycle knowledge in the context of ensuring future food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, Bourne Laboratory. Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Zoltán Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Bögre
- School of Biological Sciences, Bourne Laboratory. Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Csaba Papdi
- School of Biological Sciences, Bourne Laboratory. Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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16
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Chao Q, Gao Z, Zhang D, Zhao B, Dong F, Fu C, Liu L, Wang B. The developmental dynamics of the Populus stem transcriptome. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:206-219. [PMID: 29851301 PMCID: PMC6330540 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Populus shoot undergoes primary growth (longitudinal growth) followed by secondary growth (radial growth), which produces biomass that is an important source of energy worldwide. We adopted joint PacBio Iso-Seq and RNA-seq analysis to identify differentially expressed transcripts along a developmental gradient from the shoot apex to the fifth internode of Populus Nanlin895. We obtained 87 150 full-length transcripts, including 2081 new isoforms and 62 058 new alternatively spliced isoforms, most of which were produced by intron retention, that were used to update the Populus annotation. Among these novel isoforms, there are 1187 long non-coding RNAs and 356 fusion genes. Using this annotation, we found 15 838 differentially expressed transcripts along the shoot developmental gradient, of which 1216 were transcription factors (TFs). Only a few of these genes were reported previously. The differential expression of these TFs suggests that they may play important roles in primary and secondary growth. AP2, ARF, YABBY and GRF TFs are highly expressed in the apex, whereas NAC, bZIP, PLATZ and HSF TFs are likely to be important for secondary growth. Overall, our findings provide evidence that long-read sequencing can complement short-read sequencing for cataloguing and quantifying eukaryotic transcripts and increase our understanding of the vital and dynamic process of shoot development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chao
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyPhotosynthesis Research CenterInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhi‐Fang Gao
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyPhotosynthesis Research CenterInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dong Zhang
- Biomarker Technologies CorporationBeijingChina
| | - Biligen‐Gaowa Zhao
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyPhotosynthesis Research CenterInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Feng‐Qin Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chun‐Xiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Li‐Jun Liu
- College of ForestryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai‐AnShandongChina
| | - Bai‐Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyPhotosynthesis Research CenterInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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17
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Rodrigues AS, De Vega JJ, Miguel CM. Comprehensive assembly and analysis of the transcriptome of maritime pine developing embryos. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:379. [PMID: 30594130 PMCID: PMC6310951 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are clear differences in embryo development between angiosperm and gymnosperm species. Most of the current knowledge on gene expression and regulation during plant embryo development has derived from studies on angiosperms species, in particular from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The few published studies on transcript profiling of conifer embryogenesis show the existence of many putative embryo-specific transcripts without an assigned function. In order to extend the knowledge on the transcriptomic expression during conifer embryogenesis, we sequenced the transcriptome of zygotic embryos for several developmental stages that cover most of Pinus pinaster (maritime pine) embryogenesis. RESULTS Total RNA samples collected from five zygotic embryo developmental stages were sequenced with Illumina technology. A de novo transcriptome was assembled as no genome sequence is yet published for Pinus pinaster. The transcriptome of reference for the period of zygotic embryogenesis in maritime pine contains 67,429 transcripts, which likely encode 58,527 proteins. The annotation shows a significant percentage, 31%, of predicted proteins exclusively present in pine embryogenesis. Functional categories and enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed transcripts evidenced carbohydrate transport and metabolism over-representation in early embryo stages, as highlighted by the identification of many putative glycoside hydrolases, possibly associated with cell wall modification, and carbohydrate transport transcripts. Moreover, the predominance of chromatin remodelling events was detected in early to middle embryogenesis, associated with an active synthesis of histones and their post-translational modifiers related to increased transcription, as well as silencing of transposons. CONCLUSIONS Our results extend the understanding of gene expression and regulation during zygotic embryogenesis in conifers and are a valuable resource to support further improvements in somatic embryogenesis for vegetative propagation of conifer species. Specific transcripts associated with carbohydrate metabolism, monosaccharide transport and epigenetic regulation seem to play an important role in pine early embryogenesis and may be a source of reliable molecular markers for early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José J. De Vega
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - Célia M. Miguel
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Seesangboon A, Gruneck L, Pokawattana T, Eungwanichayapant PD, Tovaranonte J, Popluechai S. Transcriptome analysis of Jatropha curcas L. flower buds responded to the paclobutrazol treatment. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:276-286. [PMID: 29631212 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha seeds can be used to produce high-quality biodiesel due to their high oil content. However, Jatropha produces low numbers of female flowers, which limits seed yield. Paclobutrazol (PCB), a plant growth retardant, can increase number of Jatropha female flowers and seed yield. However, the underlying mechanisms of flower development after PCB treatment are not well understood. To identify the critical genes associated with flower development, the transcriptome of flower buds following PCB treatment was analyzed. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that the flower developmental stage between PCB-treated and control flower buds was similar. Based on the presence of sex organs, flower buds at 0, 4, and 24 h after treatment were chosen for global transcriptome analysis. In total, 100,597 unigenes were obtained, 174 of which were deemed as interesting based on their response to PCB treatment. Our analysis showed that the JcCKX5 and JcTSO1 genes were up-regulated at 4 h, suggesting roles in promoting organogenic capacity and ovule primordia formation in Jatropha. The JcNPGR2, JcMGP2-3, and JcHUA1 genes were down-regulated indicating that they may contribute to increased number of female flowers and amount of seed yield. Expression of cell division and cellulose biosynthesis-related genes, including JcGASA3, JcCycB3;1, JcCycP2;1, JcKNAT7, and JcCSLG3 was decreased, which might have caused the compacted inflorescences. This study represents the first report combining SEM-based morphology, qRT-PCR and transcriptome analysis of PCB-treated Jatropha flower buds at different stages of flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupharb Seesangboon
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 moo 1, Thasud, Muang, ChiangRai, 57100, Thailand.
| | - Lucsame Gruneck
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 moo 1, Thasud, Muang, ChiangRai, 57100, Thailand.
| | - Tittinat Pokawattana
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 moo 1, Thasud, Muang, ChiangRai, 57100, Thailand.
| | | | - Jantrararuk Tovaranonte
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 moo 1, Thasud, Muang, ChiangRai, 57100, Thailand.
| | - Siam Popluechai
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 moo 1, Thasud, Muang, ChiangRai, 57100, Thailand.
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19
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Wang Q, An B, Shi H, Luo H, He C. High Concentration of Melatonin Regulates Leaf Development by Suppressing Cell Proliferation and Endoreduplication in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050991. [PMID: 28475148 PMCID: PMC5454904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine (Melatonin), as a crucial messenger in plants, functions in adjusting biological rhythms, stress tolerance, plant growth and development. Several studies have shown the retardation effect of exogenous melatonin treatment on plant growth and development. However, the in vivo role of melatonin in regulating plant leaf growth and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we found that high concentration of melatonin suppressed leaf growth in Arabidopsis by reducing both cell size and cell number. Further kinetic analysis of the fifth leaves showed that melatonin remarkably inhibited cell division rate. Additionally, flow cytometic analysis indicated that melatonin negatively regulated endoreduplication during leaf development. Consistently, the expression analysis revealed that melatonin regulated the transcriptional levels of key genes of cell cycle and ribosome. Taken together, this study suggests that high concentration of melatonin negatively regulated the leaf growth and development in Arabidopsis, through modulation of endoreduplication and the transcripts of cell cycle and ribosomal key genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Bang An
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Hongli Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources and College of Biology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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20
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Tvorogova VE, Lebedeva MA, Lutova LA. Expression of WOX and PIN genes during somatic and zygotic embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula. RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795415120121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Plasmodium P-Type Cyclin CYC3 Modulates Endomitotic Growth during Oocyst Development in Mosquitoes. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005273. [PMID: 26565797 PMCID: PMC4643991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cycle progression and cell division in eukaryotes are governed in part by the cyclin family and their regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Cyclins are very well characterised in model systems such as yeast and human cells, but surprisingly little is known about their number and role in Plasmodium, the unicellular protozoan parasite that causes malaria. Malaria parasite cell division and proliferation differs from that of many eukaryotes. During its life cycle it undergoes two types of mitosis: endomitosis in asexual stages and an extremely rapid mitotic process during male gametogenesis. Both schizogony (producing merozoites) in host liver and red blood cells, and sporogony (producing sporozoites) in the mosquito vector, are endomitotic with repeated nuclear replication, without chromosome condensation, before cell division. The role of specific cyclins during Plasmodium cell proliferation was unknown. We show here that the Plasmodium genome contains only three cyclin genes, representing an unusual repertoire of cyclin classes. Expression and reverse genetic analyses of the single Plant (P)-type cyclin, CYC3, in the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei, revealed a cytoplasmic and nuclear location of the GFP-tagged protein throughout the lifecycle. Deletion of cyc3 resulted in defects in size, number and growth of oocysts, with abnormalities in budding and sporozoite formation. Furthermore, global transcript analysis of the cyc3-deleted and wild type parasites at gametocyte and ookinete stages identified differentially expressed genes required for signalling, invasion and oocyst development. Collectively these data suggest that cyc3 modulates oocyst endomitotic development in Plasmodium berghei. The malaria parasite is a single-celled organism that multiplies asexually in a non-canonical way in both vertebrate host and mosquito vector. In the mosquito midgut, atypical cell division occurs in oocysts, where repeated nuclear division (endomitosis) precedes cell division, which then gives rise to many sporozoites in a process known as sporogony. The molecular mechanisms controlling this process are poorly understood. In many model organisms including mouse and yeast cells the cell cycle is regulated by members of the cyclin protein family, but the role of this family in the malaria parasite is unknown. Here, we show that there are only three cyclin genes and investigate the function of the single P-type cyclin (CYC3) in the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei. We show that CYC3 has a cytoplasmic and nuclear localisation throughout most of the parasite lifecycle and by gene deletion we demonstrate that CYC3 is important for normal oocyst development, maturation and sporozoite formation. Moreover, we show that deletion of cyc3 affects the transcription of genes required for cell signalling and oocyst development. The data suggest that CYC3 modulates asexual multiplication in oocysts and plays a vital role in parasite development in the mosquito.
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Polyn S, Willems A, De Veylder L. Cell cycle entry, maintenance, and exit during plant development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 23:1-7. [PMID: 25449720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Growth and development of plants are driven by the continuous production of new cells at the meristems; hence, it is of pivotal importance for plants to precisely regulate the timing and extent of cell proliferation. Although over the past decades the molecular components underlying cell cycle progression have been the subject of intensive research, knowledge remains scarce on how the various elements connect with developmental pathways. Recently, advances have been made that link cell cycle entry with nutrient availability, cell division maintenance with stem cell organization, and cell cycle exit with reactive oxygen species and developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Polyn
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alex Willems
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.
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