1
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Identification of R-Spondin Gene Signature Predictive of Metastatic Progression in BRAFV 600E-Positive Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010139. [PMID: 36611933 PMCID: PMC9818556 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignancy of the thyroid gland and early stages are curable. However, a subset of PTCs shows an unusually aggressive phenotype with extensive lymph node metastasis and higher incidence of locoregional recurrence. In this study, we investigated a large cohort of PTC cases with an unusual aggressive phenotype using a high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify differentially regulated genes associated with metastatic PTC. All metastatic PTC with mutated BRAF (V600E) but not BRAF wild-type expressed an up-regulation of R-Spondin Protein 4 (RSPO4) concomitant with an upregulation of genes involved in focal adhesion and cell-extracellular matrix signaling. Further immunohistochemistry validation confirmed the upregulation of these target genes in metastatic PTC cases. Preclinical studies using established PTC cell lines support that RSPO4 overexpression is associated with BRAF V600E mutation and is a critical upstream event that promote activation of kinases of focal adhesion signaling known to drive cancer cell locomotion and invasion. This finding opens up the potential of co-targeting B-Raf, RSPO and focal adhesion proteins as a pharmacological approach for aggressive BRAF V600E PTC.
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2
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Bertrand-Chapel A, Caligaris C, Fenouil T, Savary C, Aires S, Martel S, Huchedé P, Chassot C, Chauvet V, Cardot-Ruffino V, Morel AP, Subtil F, Mohkam K, Mabrut JY, Tonon L, Viari A, Cassier P, Hervieu V, Castets M, Mauviel A, Sentis S, Bartholin L. SMAD2/3 mediate oncogenic effects of TGF-β in the absence of SMAD4. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1068. [PMID: 36207615 PMCID: PMC9546935 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling is involved in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumorigenesis, representing one of the four major pathways genetically altered in 100% of PDAC cases. TGF-β exerts complex and pleiotropic effects in cancers, notably via the activation of SMAD pathways, predominantly SMAD2/3/4. Though SMAD2 and 3 are rarely mutated in cancers, SMAD4 is lost in about 50% of PDAC, and the role of SMAD2/3 in a SMAD4-null context remains understudied. We herein provide evidence of a SMAD2/3 oncogenic effect in response to TGF-β1 in SMAD4-null human PDAC cancer cells. We report that inactivation of SMAD2/3 in SMAD4-negative PDAC cells compromises TGF-β-driven collective migration mediated by FAK and Rho/Rac signaling. Moreover, RNA-sequencing analyses highlight a TGF-β gene signature related to aggressiveness mediated by SMAD2/3 in the absence of SMAD4. Using a PDAC patient cohort, we reveal that SMAD4-negative tumors with high levels of phospho-SMAD2 are more aggressive and have a poorer prognosis. Thus, loss of SMAD4 tumor suppressive activity in PDAC leads to an oncogenic gain-of-function of SMAD2/3, and to the onset of associated deleterious effects. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and patient tissue, SMAD2/3 is shown to mediate oncogenic effects of TGF-β in the absence of SMAD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Bertrand-Chapel
- TGF-β & Pancreatic Cancer Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Cassandre Caligaris
- TGF-β & Pancreatic Cancer Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Tanguy Fenouil
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institute of Pathology, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France.,Ribosome, Translation and Cancer Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Clara Savary
- Cell Death and Childhood Cancers Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Labex DevWeCan, Institut Convergence Plascan, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Aires
- TGF-β & Pancreatic Cancer Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Martel
- TGF-β & Pancreatic Cancer Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Huchedé
- Cell Death and Childhood Cancers Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Labex DevWeCan, Institut Convergence Plascan, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Chassot
- EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Chauvet
- TGF-β & Pancreatic Cancer Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Victoire Cardot-Ruffino
- TGF-β & Pancreatic Cancer Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Pierre Morel
- EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Subtil
- Service de Biostatistiques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon France, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kayvan Mohkam
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Department of General Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Mabrut
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Department of General Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Lyon, France
| | - Laurie Tonon
- Plateforme de bioinformatique Gilles Thomas, Fondation Lyon Synergie Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Viari
- Plateforme de bioinformatique Gilles Thomas, Fondation Lyon Synergie Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Cassier
- TGF-β & Pancreatic Cancer Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Département d'oncologie Médicale, unité de phase 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Hervieu
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institute of Pathology, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Marie Castets
- Cell Death and Childhood Cancers Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Labex DevWeCan, Institut Convergence Plascan, Lyon, France.
| | - Alain Mauviel
- Team "TGF-ß and Oncogenesis", Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM 1021, CNRS 3347, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2016, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Stéphanie Sentis
- TGF-β & Pancreatic Cancer Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- TGF-β & Pancreatic Cancer Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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3
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Jain S, Ladoux B, Mège RM. Mechanical plasticity in collective cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:54-62. [PMID: 34134013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is crucial to maintain epithelium integrity during developmental and repair processes. It requires a tight regulation of mechanical coordination between neighboring cells. This coordination embraces different features including mechanical self-propulsion of individual cells within cellular colonies and large-scale force transmission through cell-cell junctions. This review discusses how the plasticity of biomechanical interactions at cell-cell contacts could help cellular systems to perform coordinated motions and adapt to the properties of the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyansh Jain
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.
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4
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Blockage of Squamous Cancer Cell Collective Invasion by FAK Inhibition Is Released by CAFs and MMP-2. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123708. [PMID: 33321813 PMCID: PMC7764466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancers include a diverse collection of cells harboring distinct molecular signatures with different levels of pro-metastatic activities. This intratumoral heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity are major causes of targeted therapeutic failure and it should be considered when developing prognostic tests. Through the analysis of the Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) protein and the matrix metalloprotease MMP-2, both implicated in multiple steps of the metastatic spectrum, in complex multicellular tumor spheroids we show that cancer cell populations over-expressing MMP-2 or cancer-associated fibroblasts can release FAK-deficient cancer cells from their constrained metastatic fitness. Consistently, MMP-2, not FAK, serves as an independent prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Measurement of intratumor heterogeneity facilitate the development of more efficient biomarkers to predict the risk of metastasis and of more-effective personalized cancer therapies. Abstract Metastasis remains a clinically unsolved issue in cancer that is initiated by the acquisition of collective migratory properties of cancer cells. Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity that arise among cancer cells within the same tumor increase cellular plasticity and promote metastasis, however, their impact on collective cell migration is incompletely understood. Here, we show that in vitro collective cancer cell migration depends on FAK and MMP-2 and on the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The absence of functional FAK rendered cancer cells incapable of invading the surrounding stroma. However, CAFs and cancer cells over-expressing MMP-2 released FAK-deficient cells from this constraint by taking the leader positions in the invasive tracks, pushing FAK-deficient squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells towards the stroma and leading to the transformation of non-invasive cells into invasive cells. Our cell-based studies and the RNAseq data from the TCGA cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas reveal that, although both FAK and MMP-2 over-expression are associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition, it is only MMP-2, not FAK, that functions as an independent prognostic factor. Given the significant role of MMP-2 in cancer dissemination, targeting of this molecule, better than FAK, presents a more promising opportunity to block metastasis.
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Abstract
As the crucial non-cellular component of tissues, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both physical support and signaling regulation to cells. Some ECM molecules provide a fibrillar environment around cells, while others provide a sheet-like basement membrane scaffold beneath epithelial cells. In this Review, we focus on recent studies investigating the mechanical, biophysical and signaling cues provided to developing tissues by different types of ECM in a variety of developing organisms. In addition, we discuss how the ECM helps to regulate tissue morphology during embryonic development by governing key elements of cell shape, adhesion, migration and differentiation. Summary: This Review discusses our current understanding of how the extracellular matrix helps guide developing tissues by influencing cell adhesion, migration, shape and differentiation, emphasizing the biophysical cues it provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cruz Walma
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
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6
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Hung IC, Chen TM, Lin JP, Tai YL, Shen TL, Lee SJ. Wnt5b integrates Fak1a to mediate gastrulation cell movements via Rac1 and Cdc42. Open Biol 2020; 10:190273. [PMID: 32097584 PMCID: PMC7058935 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mediates vital cellular pathways during development. Despite its necessity, how FAK regulates and integrates with other signals during early embryogenesis remains poorly understood. We found that the loss of Fak1a impaired epiboly, convergent extension and hypoblast cell migration in zebrafish embryos. We also observed a clear disturbance in cortical actin at the blastoderm margin and distribution of yolk syncytial nuclei. In addition, we investigated a possible link between Fak1a and a well-known gastrulation regulator, Wnt5b, and revealed that the overexpression of fak1a or wnt5b could cross-rescue convergence defects induced by a wnt5b or fak1a antisense morpholino (MO), respectively. Wnt5b and Fak1a were shown to converge in regulating Rac1 and Cdc42, which could synergistically rescue wnt5b and fak1a morphant phenotypes. Furthermore, we generated several alleles of fak1a mutants using CRISPR/Cas9, but those mutants only revealed mild gastrulation defects. However, injection of a subthreshold level of the wnt5b MO induced severe gastrulation defects in fak1a mutants, which suggested that the upregulated expression of wnt5b might complement the loss of Fak1a. Collectively, we demonstrated that a functional interaction between Wnt and FAK signalling mediates gastrulation cell movements via the possible regulation of Rac1 and Cdc42 and subsequent actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Hung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tai
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jye Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Ayad NME, Kaushik S, Weaver VM. Tissue mechanics, an important regulator of development and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180215. [PMID: 31431174 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of work describes how physical forces in and around cells affect their growth, proliferation, migration, function and differentiation into specialized types. How cells receive and respond biochemically to mechanical signals is a process termed mechanotransduction. Disease may arise if a disruption occurs within this mechanism of sensing and interpreting mechanics. Cancer, cardiovascular diseases and developmental defects, such as during the process of neural tube formation, are linked to changes in cell and tissue mechanics. A breakdown in normal tissue and cellular forces activates mechanosignalling pathways that affect their function and can promote disease progression. The recent advent of high-resolution techniques enables quantitative measurements of mechanical properties of the cell and its extracellular matrix, providing insight into how mechanotransduction is regulated. In this review, we will address the standard methods and new technologies available to properly measure mechanical properties, highlighting the challenges and limitations of probing different length-scales. We will focus on the unique environment present throughout the development and maintenance of the central nervous system and discuss cases where disease, such as brain cancer, arises in response to changes in the mechanical properties of the microenvironment that disrupt homeostasis. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M E Ayad
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shelly Kaushik
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Ouabain Accelerates Collective Cell Migration Through a cSrc and ERK1/2 Sensitive Metalloproteinase Activity. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:549-559. [PMID: 31041466 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies made in the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell line showed that ouabain regulates cell adhesion and cell-adhesion-related biological processes, such as migration. Here, we demonstrated that 10 nM ouabain accelerates collective cell migration and heals wounds in cultured MDCK cell monolayers. Ouabain-induced acceleration of cell migration depends on activation of the cSrc-ERK1/2 signaling cascade, as it was inhibited by the kinase inhibitors PP2 and PD98059. Activation of the cSrc-ERK1/2 signaling cascade increased expression and activation of the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Inhibition of MMP activity using the generic inhibitor GM6001 or the potent iMMP-2 inhibitor prevented the accelerative effect of ouabain. Likewise, Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) inhibition with the transfection of dominant negative peptide FRNK impaired the effect of ouabain. These results suggest that ouabain binding to the Na+,K+-ATPase accelerates collective migration of MDCK cells through activation of the cSrc-ERK1/2-FAK signaling cascade and promoting secretion and MMP activity.
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Thomas KS, Owen KA, Conger K, Llewellyn RA, Bouton AH, Casanova JE. Non-redundant functions of FAK and Pyk2 in intestinal epithelial repair. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4497. [PMID: 30872746 PMCID: PMC6418130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion signaling between epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and the response to tissue damage. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its close relative Pyk2 are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that mediate adhesion signaling to promote cell proliferation, motility and survival. FAK has also been shown to act as a mechanosensor by modulating cell proliferation in response to changes in tissue compliance. We previously showed that mice lacking FAK in the intestinal epithelium are phenotypically normal under homeostatic conditions but hypersensitive to experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Here we report that Pyk2-deficient mice are also phenotypically normal under homeostatic conditions and are similarly hypersensitive to DSS-induced colitis. These data indicate that normal intestinal development and homeostatic maintenance can occur in the presence of either FAK or Pyk2, but that both kinases are necessary for epithelial repair following injury. In contrast, mice lacking both FAK and Pyk2 develop spontaneous colitis with 100% penetrance by 4 weeks of age. Normal colonic phenotype and function are restored upon treatment of the double knockout mice with antibiotics, implicating commensal bacteria or bacterial products in the etiology of the spontaneous colitis exhibited by these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keena S Thomas
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Katherine A Owen
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Ampel Biosolutions, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Kathryn Conger
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Ryan A Llewellyn
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Amy H Bouton
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - James E Casanova
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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10
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Olson HM, Nechiporuk AV. Using Zebrafish to Study Collective Cell Migration in Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:83. [PMID: 30175096 PMCID: PMC6107837 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular migration is necessary for proper embryonic development as well as maintenance of adult health. Cells can migrate individually or in groups in a process known as collective cell migration. Collectively migrating cohorts maintain cell-cell contacts, group polarization, and exhibit coordinated behavior. This mode of migration is important during numerous developmental processes including tracheal branching, blood vessel sprouting, neural crest cell migration and others. In the adult, collective cell migration is important for proper wound healing and is often misappropriated during cancer cell invasion. A variety of genetic model systems are used to examine and define the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind collective cell migration including border cell migration and tracheal branching in Drosophila melanogaster, neural crest cell migration in chick and Xenopus embryos, and posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) migration in zebrafish. The pLLP is a group of about 100 cells that begins migrating around 22 hours post-fertilization along the lateral aspect of the trunk of the developing embryo. During migration, clusters of cells are deposited from the trailing end of the pLLP; these ultimately differentiate into mechanosensory organs of the lateral line system. As zebrafish embryos are transparent during early development and the pLLP migrates close to the surface of the skin, this system can be easily visualized and manipulated in vivo. These advantages together with the amenity to advance genetic methods make the zebrafish pLLP one of the premier model systems for studying collective cell migration. This review will describe the cellular behaviors and signaling mechanisms of the pLLP and compare the pLLP to collective cell migration in other popular model systems. In addition, we will examine how this type of migration is hijacked by collectively invading cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Olson
- Department Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Alex V Nechiporuk
- Department Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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11
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Huang Y, Winklbauer R. Cell migration in the Xenopus gastrula. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:e325. [PMID: 29944210 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Xenopus gastrulation movements are in large part based on the rearrangement of cells by differential cell-on-cell migration within multilayered tissues. Different patterns of migration-based cell intercalation drive endoderm and mesoderm internalization and their positioning along their prospective body axes. C-cadherin, fibronectin, integrins, and focal contact components are expressed in all gastrula cells and play putative roles in cell-on-cell migration, but their actual functions in this respect are not yet understood. The gastrula can be subdivided into two motility domains, and in the vegetal, migratory domain, two modes of cell migration are discerned. Vegetal endoderm cells show ingression-type migration, a variant of amoeboid migration characterized by the lack of locomotory protrusions and by macropinocytosis as a mechanism of trailing edge resorption. Mesendoderm and prechordal mesoderm cells use lamellipodia in a mesenchymal mode of migration. Gastrula cell motility can be dissected into traits, such as cell polarity, adhesion, mobility, or protrusive activity, which are controlled separately yet in complex, combinatorial ways. Cells can instantaneously switch between different combinations of traits, showing plasticity as they respond to substratum properties. This article is categorized under: Early Embryonic Development > Gastrulation and Neurulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Huang
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rudolf Winklbauer
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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McKenzie AJ, Hicks SR, Svec KV, Naughton H, Edmunds ZL, Howe AK. The mechanical microenvironment regulates ovarian cancer cell morphology, migration, and spheroid disaggregation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7228. [PMID: 29740072 PMCID: PMC5940803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing appreciation of the importance of the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment on disease progression. However, the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and cellular mechanotransduction in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of substrate rigidity on various aspects of SKOV3 human EOC cell morphology and migration. Young’s modulus values of normal mouse peritoneum, a principal target tissue for EOC metastasis, were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and hydrogels were fabricated to mimic these values. We find that cell spreading, focal adhesion formation, myosin light chain phosphorylation, and cellular traction forces all increase on stiffer matrices. Substrate rigidity also positively regulates random cell migration and, importantly, directional increases in matrix tension promote SKOV3 cell durotaxis. Matrix rigidity also promotes nuclear translocation of YAP1, an oncogenic transcription factor associated with aggressive metastatic EOC. Furthermore, disaggregation of multicellular EOC spheroids, a behavior associated with dissemination and metastasis, is enhanced by matrix stiffness through a mechanotransduction pathway involving ROCK, actomyosin contractility, and FAK. Finally, this pattern of mechanosensitivity is maintained in highly metastatic SKOV3ip.1 cells. These results establish that the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment may play a role in EOC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J McKenzie
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, United States
| | - Stephanie R Hicks
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, United States
| | - Kathryn V Svec
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, United States
| | - Hannah Naughton
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, United States
| | - Zöe L Edmunds
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, United States
| | - Alan K Howe
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, United States.
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13
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Tissue stiffening coordinates morphogenesis by triggering collective cell migration in vivo. Nature 2018; 554:523-527. [PMID: 29443958 PMCID: PMC6013044 DOI: 10.1038/nature25742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration (CCM) is essential for morphogenesis, tissue remodelling, and cancer invasion1,2. In vivo, groups of cells move in an orchestrated way through tissues. This movement requires forces and involves mechanical as well as molecular interactions between cells and their environment. While the role of molecular signals in CCM is comparatively well understood1,2, how tissue mechanics influence CCM in vivo remains unknown. Here we investigated the importance of mechanical cues in the collective migration of the Xenopus laevis neural crest cells, an embryonic cell population whose migratory behaviour has been likened to cancer invasion3. We found that, during morphogenesis, the head mesoderm underlying the cephalic neural crest stiffens. This stiffening initiated an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in neural crest cells and triggered their collective migration. To detect changes in their mechanical environment, neural crest use integrin/vinculin/talin-mediated mechanosensing. By performing mechanical and molecular manipulations, we showed that mesoderm stiffening is necessary and sufficient to trigger neural crest migration. Finally, we demonstrated that convergent extension of the mesoderm, which starts during gastrulation, leads to increased mesoderm stiffness by increasing the cell density underneath the neural crest. These results unveil a novel role for mesodermal convergent extension as a mechanical coordinator of morphogenesis, and thus reveal a new link between two apparently unconnected processes, gastrulation and neural crest migration, via changes in tissue mechanics. Overall, we provide the first demonstration that changes in substrate stiffness can trigger CCM by promoting EMT in vivo. More broadly, our results raise the exciting idea that tissue mechanics combines with molecular effectors to coordinate morphogenesis4.
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14
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Van Itallie CM, Tietgens AJ, Aponte A, Gucek M, Cartagena-Rivera AX, Chadwick RS, Anderson JM. MARCKS-related protein regulates cytoskeletal organization at cell-cell and cell-substrate contacts in epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.210237. [PMID: 29222109 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.210237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of epithelial cells with interferon-γ and TNF-α (IFN/TNF) results in increased paracellular permeability. To identify relevant proteins mediating barrier disruption, we performed proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) of occludin and found that tagging of MARCKS-related protein (MRP; also known as MARCKSL1) increased ∼20-fold following IFN/TNF administration. GFP-MRP was focused at the lateral cell membrane and its overexpression potentiated the physiological response of the tight junction barrier to cytokines. However, deletion of MRP did not abrogate the cytokine responses, suggesting that MRP is not required in the occludin-dependent IFN/TNF response. Instead, our results reveal a key role for MRP in epithelial cells in control of multiple actin-based structures, likely by regulation of integrin signaling. Changes in focal adhesion organization and basal actin stress fibers in MRP-knockout (KO) cells were reminiscent of those seen in FAK-KO cells. In addition, we found alterations in cell-cell interactions in MRP-KO cells associated with increased junctional tension, suggesting that MRP may play a role in focal adhesion-adherens junction cross talk. Together, our results are consistent with a key role for MRP in cytoskeletal organization of cell contacts in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Van Itallie
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amber Jean Tietgens
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angel Aponte
- Proteomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marjan Gucek
- Proteomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander X Cartagena-Rivera
- Section on Auditory Mechanics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard S Chadwick
- Section on Auditory Mechanics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James M Anderson
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4525, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Sonavane PR, Wang C, Dzamba B, Weber GF, Periasamy A, DeSimone DW. Mechanical and signaling roles for keratin intermediate filaments in the assembly and morphogenesis of Xenopus mesendoderm tissue at gastrulation. Development 2017; 144:4363-4376. [PMID: 28982683 PMCID: PMC5769636 DOI: 10.1242/dev.155200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination of individual cell behaviors is a crucial step in the assembly and morphogenesis of tissues. Xenopus mesendoderm cells migrate collectively along a fibronectin (FN) substrate at gastrulation, but how the adhesive and mechanical forces required for these movements are generated and transmitted is unclear. Traction force microscopy (TFM) was used to establish that traction stresses are limited primarily to leading edge cells in mesendoderm explants, and that these forces are balanced by intercellular stresses in follower rows. This is further reflected in the morphology of these cells, with broad lamellipodial protrusions, mature focal adhesions and a gradient of activated Rac1 evident at the leading edge, while small protrusions, rapid turnover of immature focal adhesions and lack of a Rac1 activity gradient characterize cells in following rows. Depletion of keratin (krt8) with antisense morpholinos results in high traction stresses in follower row cells, misdirected protrusions and the formation of actin stress fibers anchored in streak-like focal adhesions. We propose that maintenance of mechanical integrity in the mesendoderm by keratin intermediate filaments is required to balance stresses within the tissue to regulate collective cell movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja R Sonavane
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800732, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800732, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bette Dzamba
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800732, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gregory F Weber
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800732, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ammasi Periasamy
- Keck Center for Cellular Imaging, Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Douglas W DeSimone
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800732, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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16
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Sanghvi-Shah R, Weber GF. Intermediate Filaments at the Junction of Mechanotransduction, Migration, and Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:81. [PMID: 28959689 PMCID: PMC5603733 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanically induced signal transduction has an essential role in development. Cells actively transduce and respond to mechanical signals and their internal architecture must manage the associated forces while also being dynamically responsive. With unique assembly-disassembly dynamics and physical properties, cytoplasmic intermediate filaments play an important role in regulating cell shape and mechanical integrity. While this function has been recognized and appreciated for more than 30 years, continually emerging data also demonstrate important roles of intermediate filaments in cell signal transduction. In this review, with a particular focus on keratins and vimentin, the relationship between the physical state of intermediate filaments and their role in mechanotransduction signaling is illustrated through a survey of current literature. Association with adhesion receptors such as cadherins and integrins provides a critical interface through which intermediate filaments are exposed to forces from a cell's environment. As a consequence, these cytoskeletal networks are posttranslationally modified, remodeled and reorganized with direct impacts on local signal transduction events and cell migratory behaviors important to development. We propose that intermediate filaments provide an opportune platform for cells to both cope with mechanical forces and modulate signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Sanghvi-Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-NewarkNewark, NJ, United States
| | - Gregory F Weber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-NewarkNewark, NJ, United States
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17
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Uechi H, Kuranaga E. Mechanisms of collective cell movement lacking a leading or free front edge in vivo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2709-2722. [PMID: 28243700 PMCID: PMC11107506 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell movement is one of the strategies for achieving the complex shapes of tissues and organs. In this process, multiple cells within a group held together by cell-cell adhesion acquire mobility and move together in the same direction. In some well-studied models of collective cell movement, the mobility depends strongly on traction generated at the leading edge by cells located at the front. However, recent advances in live-imaging techniques have led to the discovery of other types of collective cell movement lacking a leading edge or even a free edge at the front, in a diverse array of morphological events, including tubule elongation, epithelial sheet extension, and tissue rotation. We herein review some of the developmental events that are organized by collective cell movement and attempt to elucidate the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, which include membrane protrusions, guidance cues, cell intercalation, and planer cell polarity, or chirality pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Uechi
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Erina Kuranaga
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
- Laboratory of Histogenetic Dynamics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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18
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Abstract
During embryonic development, tissues undergo major rearrangements that lead to germ layer positioning, patterning, and organ morphogenesis. Often these morphogenetic movements are accomplished by the coordinated and cooperative migration of the constituent cells, referred to as collective cell migration. The molecular and biomechanical mechanisms underlying collective migration of developing tissues have been investigated in a variety of models, including border cell migration, tracheal branching, blood vessel sprouting, and the migration of the lateral line primordium, neural crest cells, or head mesendoderm. Here we review recent advances in understanding collective migration in these developmental models, focusing on the interaction between cells and guidance cues presented by the microenvironment and on the role of cell–cell adhesion in mechanical and behavioral coupling of cells within the collective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Scarpa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
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19
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Pfister K, Shook DR, Chang C, Keller R, Skoglund P. Molecular model for force production and transmission during vertebrate gastrulation. Development 2016; 143:715-27. [PMID: 26884399 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate embryos undergo dramatic shape changes at gastrulation that require locally produced and anisotropically applied forces, yet how these forces are produced and transmitted across tissues remains unclear. We show that depletion of myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) levels in the embryo blocks force generation at gastrulation through two distinct mechanisms: destabilizing the myosin II (MII) hexameric complex and inhibiting MII contractility. Molecular dissection of these two mechanisms demonstrates that normal convergence force generation requires MII contractility and we identify a set of molecular phenotypes correlated with both this failure of convergence force generation in explants and of blastopore closure in whole embryos. These include reduced rates of actin movement, alterations in C-cadherin dynamics and a reduction in the number of polarized lamellipodia on intercalating cells. By examining the spatial relationship between C-cadherin and actomyosin we also find evidence for formation of transcellular linear arrays incorporating these proteins that could transmit mediolaterally oriented tensional forces. These data combine to suggest a multistep model to explain how cell intercalation can occur against a force gradient to generate axial extension forces. First, polarized lamellipodia extend mediolaterally and make new C-cadherin-based contacts with neighboring mesodermal cell bodies. Second, lamellipodial flow of actin coalesces into a tension-bearing, MII-contractility-dependent node-and-cable actin network in the cell body cortex. And third, this actomyosin network contracts to generate mediolateral convergence forces in the context of these transcellular arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Pfister
- Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - David R Shook
- Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Chenbei Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ray Keller
- Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Paul Skoglund
- Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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20
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Mui KL, Chen CS, Assoian RK. The mechanical regulation of integrin-cadherin crosstalk organizes cells, signaling and forces. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1093-100. [PMID: 26919980 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.183699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins and integrins are intrinsically linked through the actin cytoskeleton and share common signaling molecules. Although mechanosensing by the integrin-actin axis has long been appreciated, a growing body of literature now demonstrates that cadherins also transduce and respond to mechanical forces. Mounting evidence shows that mechanically driven crosstalk between integrins and cadherins regulates the spatial distribution of these receptors, their signaling intermediates, the actin cytoskeleton and intracellular forces. This interplay between integrins and cadherins can control fibronectin matrix assembly and signaling, and a fine balance between traction forces at focal adhesions and intercellular tension at adherens junctions is crucial for directional collective cell migration. In this Commentary, we discuss two central ideas: (1) how the dynamic interplay between integrins and cadherins regulates the spatial organization of intracellular signals and the extracellular matrix, and (2) the emerging consensus that intracellular force is a central mechanism that dictates cell behavior, guides tissue development and ultimately drives physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeley L Mui
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Program in Translational Biomechanics, Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Richard K Assoian
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Program in Translational Biomechanics, Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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21
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Mayor R, Etienne-Manneville S. The front and rear of collective cell migration. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:97-109. [PMID: 26726037 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration has a key role during morphogenesis and during wound healing and tissue renewal in the adult, and it is involved in cancer spreading. In addition to displaying a coordinated migratory behaviour, collectively migrating cells move more efficiently than if they migrated separately, which indicates that a cellular interplay occurs during collective cell migration. In recent years, evidence has accumulated confirming the importance of such intercellular communication and exploring the molecular mechanisms involved. These mechanisms are based both on direct physical interactions, which coordinate the cellular responses, and on the collective cell behaviour that generates an optimal environment for efficient directed migration. The recent studies have described how leader cells at the front of cell groups drive migration and have highlighted the importance of follower cells and cell-cell communication, both between followers and between follower and leader cells, to improve the efficiency of collective movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3691, Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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22
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Zevian SC, Johnson JL, Winterwood NE, Walters KS, Herndon ME, Henry MD, Stipp CS. CD151 promotes α3β1 integrin-dependent organization of carcinoma cell junctions and restrains collective cell invasion. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1626-40. [PMID: 26418968 PMCID: PMC4846106 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1095396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins function in collective migration both as major receptors for extracellular matrix and by crosstalk to adherens junctions. Despite extensive research, important questions remain about how integrin signaling mechanisms are integrated into collective migration programs. Tetraspanins form cell surface complexes with a subset of integrins and thus are good candidates for regulating the balance of integrin functional inputs into cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. For example, tetraspanin CD151 directly associates with α3β1 integrin in carcinoma cells and promotes rapid α3β1-dependent single cell motility, but CD151 also promotes organized adherens junctions and restrains collective carcinoma cell migration on 2D substrates. However, the individual roles of CD151s integrin partners in CD151s pro-junction activity in carcinoma cells were not well understood. Here we find that CD151 promotes organized carcinoma cell junctions via α3β1 integrin, by a mechanism that requires the a3b1 ligand, laminin-332. Loss of CD151 promotes collective 3D invasion and growth in vitro and in vivo, and the enhanced invasion of CD151-silenced cells is α3 integrin dependent, suggesting that CD151 can regulate the balance between α3β1s pro-junction and pro-migratory activities in collective invasion. An analysis of human cancer cases revealed that changes in CD151 expression can be linked to either better or worse clinical outcomes depending on context, including potentially divergent roles for CD151 in different subsets of breast cancer cases. Thus, the role of the CD151-α3β1 complex in carcinoma progression is context dependent, and may depend on the mode of tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mary E Herndon
- Department of Biology; University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Michael D Henry
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics; University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA USA
- Department of Pathology; University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Christopher S Stipp
- Department of Biology; University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics; University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA USA
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23
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Morikawa Y, Zhang M, Heallen T, Leach J, Tao G, Xiao Y, Bai Y, Li W, Willerson JT, Martin JF. Actin cytoskeletal remodeling with protrusion formation is essential for heart regeneration in Hippo-deficient mice. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra41. [PMID: 25943351 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart regenerates poorly, and damage commonly leads to heart failure. Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade that regulates organ size during development and prevents adult mammalian cardiomyocyte regeneration by inhibiting the transcriptional coactivator Yap, which also responds to mechanical signaling in cultured cells to promote cell proliferation. To identify Yap target genes that are activated during cardiomyocyte renewal and regeneration, we performed Yap chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and mRNA expression profiling in Hippo signaling-deficient mouse hearts. We found that Yap directly regulated genes encoding cell cycle progression proteins, as well as genes encoding proteins that promote F-actin polymerization and that link the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Included in the latter group were components of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex, a large molecular complex that, when defective, results in muscular dystrophy in humans. Cardiomyocytes near the scar tissue of injured Hippo signaling-deficient mouse hearts showed cellular protrusions suggestive of cytoskeletal remodeling. The hearts of mdx mutant mice, which lack functional dystrophin and are a model for muscular dystrophy, showed impaired regeneration and cytoskeleton remodeling, but normal cardiomyocyte proliferation, after injury. Our data showed that, in addition to genes encoding cell cycle progression proteins, Yap regulated genes that enhance cytoskeletal remodeling. Thus, blocking the Hippo pathway input to Yap may tip the balance so that Yap responds to mechanical changes associated with heart injury to promote repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - John Leach
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - James F Martin
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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