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Wang W, Abdelrahman M, Yang Y, Lv H, Yang L. RNA Sequencing Reveals the Inhibitory Effect of High Levels of Arachidonic Acid and Linoleic Acid on C2C12 Differentiation and Myogenic Biomarkers. Nutrients 2024; 16:706. [PMID: 38474834 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, studies have shown that consuming polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can enhance animal and human health and welfare through biological, biochemical, pathological, and pharmacological impacts. Furthermore, omega-6 plays key roles in the cardiopulmonary system, including promoting airway relaxation and inhibiting atherosclerosis and hypertension. However, findings from investigations of the effects of omega-6 fatty acids on molecular and cellular activity and discussions on their influence on biomarkers are still unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate omega-6 fatty acids, the arachidonic acid (AA), and linoleic acid (LA) effects on C2C12 proliferation, myogenesis morphology, and relative myogenic biomarker expression through the Wnt pathway. C2C12 cells were cultured with and without 25, 50, 100, and 150 µM of LA and AA and then subjected to CCK8, Giemsa staining, RT qPCR, Western blotting, and RNA Sequencing. The CCK8 Assay results showed that 25, 50, 100, and 150 µM LA significantly decreased the viability after 72 h for 25, 50, 100, and 150 µM concentrations. Also, AA supplementation decreased cell viability after 24 h for 150 µM, 48 h for 150 µM, and 72 h for 50, 100, and 150 µM concentrations. Moreover, the LA and AA inhibitory effects noticed through Gimesa staining were morphological changes during myoblast differentiation. Both LA and AA showed inhibiting IGF1, Cola1, Col6a2, Col6a1, Itga10, Itga11, SFRP2, DAAM2, and NKD2 effects; however, the depressing effect was higher for AA compared to LA. The previous results were confirmed through Western blotting, which showed that 50 µM LA and AA significantly reduced DAAM2 and SFRP2 protein levels compared to the control. Regarding RNA sequencing results, LA and AA increased the number of differentially expressed (DE) Mt-rRNA and snoRNA; however, the numbers of lncRNA detected decreased compared to the control. Our findings demonstrate that high and moderate LA and AA concentrations reduce primary myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Also, they highlight novel biomarkers and regulatory factors to improve our understanding of how the nutrition of fatty acids can control and modulate the myogenesis and differentiation process through different biomarker families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Asyut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haimiao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Farkas D, Szikora S, Jijumon AS, Polgár TF, Patai R, Tóth MÁ, Bugyi B, Gajdos T, Bíró P, Novák T, Erdélyi M, Mihály J. Peripheral thickening of the sarcomeres and pointed end elongation of the thin filaments are both promoted by SALS and its formin interaction partners. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011117. [PMID: 38198522 PMCID: PMC10805286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
During striated muscle development the first periodically repeated units appear in the premyofibrils, consisting of immature sarcomeres that must undergo a substantial growth both in length and width, to reach their final size. Here we report that, beyond its well established role in sarcomere elongation, the Sarcomere length short (SALS) protein is involved in Z-disc formation and peripheral growth of the sarcomeres. Our protein localization data and loss-of-function studies in the Drosophila indirect flight muscle strongly suggest that radial growth of the sarcomeres is initiated at the Z-disc. As to thin filament elongation, we used a powerful nanoscopy approach to reveal that SALS is subject to a major conformational change during sarcomere development, which might be critical to stop pointed end elongation in the adult muscles. In addition, we demonstrate that the roles of SALS in sarcomere elongation and radial growth are both dependent on formin type of actin assembly factors. Unexpectedly, when SALS is present in excess amounts, it promotes the formation of actin aggregates highly resembling the ones described in nemaline myopathy patients. Collectively, these findings helped to shed light on the complex mechanisms of SALS during the coordinated elongation and thickening of the sarcomeres, and resulted in the discovery of a potential nemaline myopathy model, suitable for the identification of genetic and small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Farkas
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Szikora
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - A S Jijumon
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás F Polgár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Theoretical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Patai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Ágnes Tóth
- University of Pécs, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bugyi
- University of Pécs, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gajdos
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Bíró
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Novák
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Erdélyi
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Mihály
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- University of Szeged, Department of Genetics, Szeged, Hungary
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Pelagiadis I, Kyriakidis I, Katzilakis N, Kosmeri C, Veltra D, Sofocleous C, Glentis S, Kattamis A, Makis A, Stiakaki E. The Diverse Genomic Landscape of Diamond-Blackfan Anemia: Two Novel Variants and a Mini-Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1812. [PMID: 38002903 PMCID: PMC10670567 DOI: 10.3390/children10111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a ribosomopathy characterized by bone marrow erythroid hypoplasia, which typically presents with severe anemia within the first months of life. DBA is typically attributed to a heterozygous mutation in a ribosomal protein (RP) gene along with a defect in the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation or levels. Besides classic DBA, DBA-like disease has been described with variations in 16 genes (primarily in GATA1, followed by ADA2 alias CECR1, HEATR3, and TSR2). To date, more than a thousand variants have been reported in RP genes. Splice variants represent 6% of identifiable genetic defects in DBA, while their prevalence is 14.3% when focusing on pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants, thus highlighting the impact of such alterations in RP translation and, subsequently, in ribosome levels. We hereby present two cases with novel pathogenic splice variants in RPS17 and RPS26. Associations of DBA-related variants with specific phenotypic features and malignancies and the molecular consequences of pathogenic variations for each DBA-related gene are discussed. The determinants of the spontaneous remission, cancer development, variable expression of the same variants between families, and selectivity of RP defects towards the erythroid lineage remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iordanis Pelagiadis
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (I.P.); (I.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Ioannis Kyriakidis
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (I.P.); (I.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Katzilakis
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (I.P.); (I.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Chrysoula Kosmeri
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Danai Veltra
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Christalena Sofocleous
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Stavros Glentis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexandros Makis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Eftichia Stiakaki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (I.P.); (I.K.); (N.K.)
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Shi DL. Planar cell polarity regulators in asymmetric organogenesis during development and disease. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:63-76. [PMID: 35809777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of planar cell polarity is critically required for a myriad of morphogenetic processes in metazoan and is accurately controlled by several conserved modules. Six "core" proteins, including Frizzled, Flamingo (Celsr), Van Gogh (Vangl), Dishevelled, Prickle, and Diego (Ankrd6), are major components of the Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway. The Fat/Dchs protocadherins and the Scrib polarity complex also function to instruct cellular polarization. In vertebrates, all these pathways are essential for tissue and organ morphogenesis, such as neural tube closure, left-right symmetry breaking, heart and gut morphogenesis, lung and kidney branching, stereociliary bundle orientation, and proximal-distal limb elongation. Mutations in planar polarity genes are closely linked to various congenital diseases. Striking advances have been made in deciphering their contribution to the establishment of spatially oriented pattern in developing organs and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. The challenge remains to clarify the complex interplay of different polarity pathways in organogenesis and the link of cell polarity to cell fate specification. Interdisciplinary approaches are also important to understand the roles of mechanical forces in coupling cellular polarization and differentiation. This review outlines current advances on planar polarity regulators in asymmetric organ formation, with the aim to identify questions that deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS-UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France.
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5
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A current overview of RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC functions in vascular biology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Vadgama N, Ameen M, Sundaram L, Gaddam S, Gifford C, Nasir J, Karakikes I. De novo and inherited variants in coding and regulatory regions in genetic cardiomyopathies. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:55. [PMID: 36357925 PMCID: PMC9647983 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiomyopathies are a leading cause of progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac death; however, their genetic aetiology remains poorly understood. We hypothesised that variants in noncoding regulatory regions and oligogenic inheritance mechanisms may help close the diagnostic gap.
Methods
We first analysed whole-genome sequencing data of 143 parent–offspring trios from Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project. We used gene panel testing and a phenotype-based, variant prioritisation framework called Exomiser to identify candidate genes in trios. To assess the contribution of noncoding DNVs to cardiomyopathies, we intersected DNVs with open chromatin sequences from single-cell ATAC-seq data of cardiomyocytes. We also performed a case–control analysis in an exome-negative cohort, including 843 probands and 19,467 controls, to assess the association between noncoding variants in known cardiomyopathy genes and disease.
Results
In the trio analysis, a definite or probable genetic diagnosis was identified in 21 probands according to the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines. We identified novel DNVs in diagnostic-grade genes (RYR2, TNNT2, PTPN11, MYH7, LZR1, NKX2-5), and five cases harbouring a combination of prioritised variants, suggesting that oligogenic inheritance and genetic modifiers contribute to cardiomyopathies. Phenotype-based ranking of candidate genes identified in noncoding DNV analysis revealed JPH2 as the top candidate. Moreover, a case–control analysis revealed an enrichment of rare noncoding variants in regulatory elements of cardiomyopathy genes (p = .035, OR = 1.43, 95% Cl = 1.095–1.767) versus controls. Of the 25 variants associated with disease (p< 0.5), 23 are novel and nine are predicted to disrupt transcription factor binding motifs.
Conclusion
Our results highlight complex genetic mechanisms in cardiomyopathies and reveal novel genes for future investigations.
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Asada N, Suzuki K, Sunohara M. Spatiotemporal distribution analyses of Wnt5a ligand and its receptors Ror2, Frizzled2, and Frizzled5 during tongue muscle development in prenatal mice. Ann Anat 2022; 245:152017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.152017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Wang H, Segersvärd H, Siren J, Perttunen S, Immonen K, Kosonen R, Chen YC, Tolva J, Laivuori M, Mäyränpää MI, Kovanen PT, Sinisalo J, Laine M, Tikkanen I, Lakkisto P. Tankyrase Inhibition Attenuates Cardiac Dilatation and Dysfunction in Ischemic Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710059. [PMID: 36077457 PMCID: PMC9456217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactive poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) promote ischemic heart failure (IHF) after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the role of tankyrases (TNKSs), members of the PARP family, in pathogenesis of IHF remains unknown. We investigated the expression and activation of TNKSs in myocardium of IHF patients and MI rats. We explored the cardioprotective effect of TNKS inhibition in an isoproterenol-induced zebrafish HF model. In IHF patients, we observed elevated TNKS2 and DICER and concomitant upregulation of miR-34a-5p and miR-21-5p in non-infarcted myocardium. In a rat MI model, we found augmented TNKS2 and DICER in the border and infarct areas at the early stage of post-MI. We also observed consistently increased TNKS1 in the border and infarct areas and destabilized AXIN in the infarct area from 4 weeks onward, which in turn triggered Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In an isoproterenol-induced HF zebrafish model, inhibition of TNKS activity with XAV939, a TNKSs-specific inhibitor, protected against ventricular dilatation and cardiac dysfunction and abrogated overactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and dysregulation of miR-34a-5p induced by isoproterenol. Our study unravels a potential role of TNKSs in the pathogenesis of IHF by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and possibly modulating miRNAs and highlights the pharmacotherapeutic potential of TNKS inhibition for prevention of IHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-504487011
| | - Heli Segersvärd
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juuso Siren
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Perttunen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Immonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kosonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Zebrafish Unit, HiLIFE and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Tolva
- Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirjami Laivuori
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I. Mäyränpää
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri T. Kovanen
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Laine
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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9
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The Mechanisms of Thin Filament Assembly and Length Regulation in Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105306. [PMID: 35628117 PMCID: PMC9140763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin containing tropomyosin and troponin decorated thin filaments form one of the crucial components of the contractile apparatus in muscles. The thin filaments are organized into densely packed lattices interdigitated with myosin-based thick filaments. The crossbridge interactions between these myofilaments drive muscle contraction, and the degree of myofilament overlap is a key factor of contractile force determination. As such, the optimal length of the thin filaments is critical for efficient activity, therefore, this parameter is precisely controlled according to the workload of a given muscle. Thin filament length is thought to be regulated by two major, but only partially understood mechanisms: it is set by (i) factors that mediate the assembly of filaments from monomers and catalyze their elongation, and (ii) by factors that specify their length and uniformity. Mutations affecting these factors can alter the length of thin filaments, and in human cases, many of them are linked to debilitating diseases such as nemaline myopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy.
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10
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Zhang Q, Pan J, Nie H, Wang H, An F, Zhan Q. Dishevelled-Associated Activator of Morphogenesis 2 (DAAM2) Predicts the Immuno-Hot Phenotype in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:750083. [PMID: 35281277 PMCID: PMC8907973 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.750083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: DAAM2 participates in the oncogenesis and progression of human cancers. Although the role of DAAM2 in cancers has been preliminarily investigated, its correlations with antitumor immunity are unclear.Methods: A pancancer analysis was conducted to explore the immunological role of DAAM2 based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Next, correlations between DAAM2 and immunological characteristics in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) were evaluated. In addition, the role of DAAM2 in predicting the clinical characteristics and the response to various therapies in PAAD were also assessed. In addition, the correlations between DAAM2 and the emerging immunobiomarker N6-methyladenosine (m6A) genes were also evaluated.Results: Pancancer analysis revealed that DAAM2 exhibited positive correlations with a majority of immunomodulators, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and inhibitory immune checkpoints in several cancer types, including PAAD. In addition, DAAM2 was associated with an inflamed phenotype in the tumor microenvironment (TME). DAAM2 also predicted significantly higher responses to chemotherapy, anti-EGFR therapy and immunotherapy but lower responses to anti-ERBB2 and antiangiogenic therapy. In addition, DAAM2 was correlated with immune-related microbiota.Conclusion: In PAAD, DAAM2 is associated with an immuno-hot phenotype and can help predict the outcome of various therapeutic options. Overall, DAAM2 is a promising indicator for assessing high immunogenicity in PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fangmei An
- *Correspondence: Qiang Zhang, ; Fangmei An,
| | - Qiang Zhan
- *Correspondence: Qiang Zhang, ; Fangmei An,
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11
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Jo J, Woo J, Cristobal CD, Choi JM, Wang C, Ye Q, Smith JA, Ung K, Liu G, Cortes D, Jung SY, Arenkiel BR, Lee HK. Regional heterogeneity of astrocyte morphogenesis dictated by the formin protein, Daam2, modifies circuit function. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53200. [PMID: 34633730 PMCID: PMC8647146 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes display extraordinary morphological complexity that is essential to support brain circuit development and function. Formin proteins are key regulators of the cytoskeleton; however, their role in astrocyte morphogenesis across diverse brain regions and neural circuits is unknown. Here, we show that loss of the formin protein Daam2 in astrocytes increases morphological complexity in the cortex and olfactory bulb, but elicits opposing effects on astrocytic calcium dynamics. These differential physiological effects result in increased excitatory synaptic activity in the cortex and increased inhibitory synaptic activity in the olfactory bulb, leading to altered olfactory behaviors. Proteomic profiling and immunoprecipitation experiments identify Slc4a4 as a binding partner of Daam2 in the cortex, and combined deletion of Daam2 and Slc4a4 restores the morphological alterations seen in Daam2 mutants. Our results reveal new mechanisms regulating astrocyte morphology and show that congruent changes in astrocyte morphology can differentially influence circuit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Jo
- Department of PediatricsSection of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Junsung Woo
- Center for Cell and Gene TherapyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Carlo D Cristobal
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Center for Molecular DiscoveryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Chih‐Yen Wang
- Department of PediatricsSection of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of PediatricsSection of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Joshua A Smith
- Department of PediatricsSection of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Kevin Ung
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Program in Developmental BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Gary Liu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Program in Developmental BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Diego Cortes
- Department of PediatricsSection of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Center for Molecular DiscoveryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Program in Developmental BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Department of PediatricsSection of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Program in Developmental BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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12
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Kopylov AT, Papysheva O, Gribova I, Kaysheva AL, Kotaysch G, Kharitonova L, Mayatskaya T, Nurbekov MK, Schipkova E, Terekhina O, Morozov SG. Severe types of fetopathy are associated with changes in the serological proteome of diabetic mothers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27829. [PMID: 34766598 PMCID: PMC8589259 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pregestational or gestational diabetes are the main risk factors for diabetic fetopathy. There are no generalized signs of fetopathy before the late gestational age due to insufficient sensitivity of currently employed instrumental methods. In this cross-sectional observational study, we investigated several types of severe diabetic fetopathy (cardiomyopathy, central nervous system defects, and hepatomegaly) established in type 2 diabetic mothers during 30 to 35 gestational weeks and confirmed upon delivery. We examined peripheral blood plasma and determined a small proportion of proteins strongly associated with a specific type of fetopathy or anatomical malfunction. Most of the examined markers participate in critical processes at different stages of embryogenesis and regulate various phases of morphogenesis. Alterations in CDCL5 had a significant impact on mRNA splicing and DNA repair. Patients with central nervous system defects were characterized by the greatest depletion (ca. 7% of the basal level) of DFP3, a neurotrophic factor needed for the proper specialization of oligodendrocytes. Dysregulation of noncanonical wingless-related integration site signaling pathway (Wnt) signaling guided by pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 2 (DAAM2) was also profound. In addition, deficiency in retinoic acid and thyroxine transport was exhibited by the dramatic increase of transthyretin (TTHY). The molecular interplay between the identified serological markers leads to pathologies in fetal development on the background of a diabetic condition. These warning serological markers can be quantitatively examined, and their profile may reflect different severe types of diabetic fetopathy, producing a beneficial effect on the current standard care for pregnant women and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T. Kopylov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Papysheva
- S.S. Yudin 7th State Clinical Hospital, 4 Kolomenskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Iveta Gribova
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna L. Kaysheva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Kotaysch
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov Kharitonova
- N.I. Pirogov Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Malik K. Nurbekov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Schipkova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Terekhina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey G. Morozov
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., Moscow, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
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13
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Bellchambers HM, Ware SM. Loss of Zic3 impairs planar cell polarity leading to abnormal left-right signaling, heart defects and neural tube defects. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2402-2415. [PMID: 34274973 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function of ZIC3 causes heterotaxy (OMIM #306955), a disorder characterized by organ laterality defects including complex heart defects. Studies using Zic3 mutant mice have demonstrated that loss of Zic3 causes heterotaxy due to defects in establishment of left-right (LR) signaling, but the mechanistic basis for these defects remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate Zic3 null mice undergo cilia positioning defects at the embryonic node consistent with impaired planar cell polarity (PCP). Cell-based assays demonstrate that ZIC3 must enter the nucleus to regulate PCP and identify multiple critical ZIC3 domains required for regulation of PCP signaling. Furthermore, we show that Zic3 displays a genetic interaction with the PCP membrane protein Vangl2 and the PCP effector genes Rac1 and Daam1 resulting in increased frequency and severity of neural tube and heart defects. Gene and protein expression analyses indicate that Zic3 null embryos display disrupted expression of PCP components and reduced phosphorylation of the core PCP protein DVL2 at the time of LR axis determination. These results demonstrate that ZIC3 interacts with PCP signaling during early development, identifying a novel role for this transcription factor, and adding additional evidence about the importance of PCP function for normal LR patterning and subsequent heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie M Ware
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics.,Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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14
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Singh M, Hardin SJ, George AK, Eyob W, Stanisic D, Pushpakumar S, Tyagi SC. Epigenetics, 1-Carbon Metabolism, and Homocysteine During Dysbiosis. Front Physiol 2021; 11:617953. [PMID: 33708132 PMCID: PMC7940193 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.617953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a high-fat diet (HFD) induces gut dysbiosis and cardiovascular system remodeling, the precise mechanism is unclear. We hypothesize that HFD instigates dysbiosis and cardiac muscle remodeling by inducing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which leads to an increase in white adipose tissue, and treatment with lactobacillus (a ketone body donor from lactate; the substrate for the mitochondria) reverses dysbiosis-induced cardiac injury, in part, by increasing lipolysis (PGC-1α, and UCP1) and adipose tissue browning and decreasing lipogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we used wild type (WT) mice fed with HFD for 16 weeks with/without a probiotic (PB) in water. Cardiac injury was measured by CKMB activity which was found to be robust in HFD-fed mice. Interestingly, CKMB activity was normalized post PB treatment. Levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and methylation were increased but butyrate was decreased in HFD mice, suggesting an epigenetically governed 1-carbon metabolism along with dysbiosis. Levels of PGC-1α and UCP1 were measured by Western blot analysis, and MMP activity was scored via zymography. Collagen histology was also performed. Contraction of the isolated myocytes was measured employing the ion-optic system, and functions of the heart were estimated by echocardiography. Our results suggest that mice on HFD gained weight and exhibited an increase in blood pressure. These effects were normalized by PB. Levels of fibrosis and MMP-2 activity were robust in HFD mice, and treatment with PB mitigated the fibrosis. Myocyte calcium-dependent contraction was disrupted by HFD, and treatment with PB could restore its function. We conclude that HFD induces dysbiosis, and treatment with PB creates eubiosis and browning of the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Shanna J Hardin
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Akash K George
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Wintana Eyob
- College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Dragana Stanisic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
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15
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Qi C, Alsomali F, Zhong J, Harris RC, Kon V, Yang H, Fogo AB. Increased dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 2, a new podocyte-associated protein, in diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:1006-1016. [PMID: 33544843 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, by using proteomic analysis and RNA sequencing in isolated glomeruli, we identified several novel differentially expressed proteins in human and mouse diabetic nephropathy (DN) versus controls, including dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 2 (DAAM2). DAAM2 binds the Wnt effector Dvl. We aimed to study possible contributions of DAAM2 to DN. METHODS We assessed DAAM2 by immunostaining in non-cancer regions of human nephrectomy (Nx), DN and normal donor kidney tissues. We also examined DAAM2 in DN mice (db/db eNOS-/-) and Nx mice. DN mice treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4I) or vehicle were compared. DAAM2 was knocked down in primary cultured podocytes by small interfering RNA to study its effects on cell function. RESULTS In normal human glomeruli, DAAM2 was expressed only on podocytes. DAAM2 expression was increased in both Nx and DN versus normal donors. Podocyte DAAM2 expression was increased in DN and Nx mouse models. Glomerular DAAM2 expression correlated with glomerular size and was decreased significantly by ACEI while DPP4I only numerically reduced DAAM2. In primary cultured podocytes, knockdown of DAAM2 enhanced adhesion, slowed migration, activated Wnt-β-catenin signaling and downregulated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and Rho activity. CONCLUSIONS Podocyte DAAM2 is upregulated in both Nx and DN, which could be contributed to by glomerular hypertrophy. We hypothesize that DAAM2 regulates podocyte function through the mTORC1, Wnt/β-catenin and Rho signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Qi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Faten Alsomali
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinyong Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Valentina Kon
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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16
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Schneider R, Deutsch K, Hoeprich GJ, Marquez J, Hermle T, Braun DA, Seltzsam S, Kitzler TM, Mao Y, Buerger F, Majmundar AJ, Onuchic-Whitford AC, Kolvenbach CM, Schierbaum L, Schneider S, Halawi AA, Nakayama M, Mann N, Connaughton DM, Klämbt V, Wagner M, Riedhammer KM, Renders L, Katsura Y, Thumkeo D, Soliman NA, Mane S, Lifton RP, Shril S, Khokha MK, Hoefele J, Goode BL, Hildebrandt F. DAAM2 Variants Cause Nephrotic Syndrome via Actin Dysregulation. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:1113-1128. [PMID: 33232676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of >60 monogenic causes of nephrotic syndrome (NS) has revealed a central role for the actin regulators RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 and their effectors, including the formin INF2. By whole-exome sequencing (WES), we here discovered bi-allelic variants in the formin DAAM2 in four unrelated families with steroid-resistant NS. We show that DAAM2 localizes to the cytoplasm in podocytes and in kidney sections. Further, the variants impair DAAM2-dependent actin remodeling processes: wild-type DAAM2 cDNA, but not cDNA representing missense variants found in individuals with NS, rescued reduced podocyte migration rate (PMR) and restored reduced filopodia formation in shRNA-induced DAAM2-knockdown podocytes. Filopodia restoration was also induced by the formin-activating molecule IMM-01. DAAM2 also co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with INF2, which is intriguing since variants in both formins cause NS. Using in vitro bulk and TIRF microscopy assays, we find that DAAM2 variants alter actin assembly activities of the formin. In a Xenopus daam2-CRISPR knockout model, we demonstrate actin dysregulation in vivo and glomerular maldevelopment that is rescued by WT-DAAM2 mRNA. We conclude that DAAM2 variants are a likely cause of monogenic human SRNS due to actin dysregulation in podocytes. Further, we provide evidence that DAAM2-associated SRNS may be amenable to treatment using actin regulating compounds.
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17
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Sundaramurthy S, Votra S, Laszlo A, Davies T, Pruyne D. FHOD-1 is the only formin in Caenorhabditis elegans that promotes striated muscle growth and Z-line organization in a cell autonomous manner. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:422-441. [PMID: 33103378 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The striated body wall muscles of Caenorhabditis elegans are a simple model for sarcomere assembly. Previously, we observed deletion mutants for two formin genes, fhod-1 and cyk-1, develop thin muscles with abnormal dense bodies (the sarcomere Z-line analogs). However, this work left in question whether these formins work in a muscle cell autonomous manner, particularly since cyk-1(∆) deletion has pleiotropic effects on development. Using a fast acting temperature-sensitive cyk-1(ts) mutant, we show here that neither postembryonic loss nor acute loss of CYK-1 during embryonic sarcomerogenesis cause lasting muscle defects. Furthermore, mosaic expression of CYK-1 in cyk-1(∆) mutants is unable to rescue muscle defects in a cell autonomous manner, suggesting muscle phenotypes caused by cyk-1(∆) are likely indirect. Conversely, mosaic expression of FHOD-1 in fhod-1(Δ) mutants promotes muscle cell growth and proper dense body organization in a muscle cell autonomous manner. As we observe no effect of loss of any other formin on muscle development, we conclude FHOD-1 is the only worm formin that directly promotes striated muscle development, and the effects on formin loss in C. elegans are surprisingly modest compared to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Sundaramurthy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - SarahBeth Votra
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Arianna Laszlo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Tim Davies
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - David Pruyne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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18
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Tyagi SC, Stanisic D, Singh M. Epigenetic memory: gene writer, eraser and homocysteine. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:507-512. [PMID: 33030620 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Naturally chromatin remodeling is highly organized, consisting of histone acetylation (opening/relaxation of the compact chromatin structure), DNA methylation (inhibition of the gene expression activity) and sequence rearrangement by shifting. All this is essentially required for proper "in-printing and off-printing" of genes thus ensuring the epigenetic memory process. Any imbalance in ratios of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT, gene writer), fat-mass obesity-associated protein (FTO, gene eraser) and product (function) homocysteine (Hcy) could lead to numerous diseases. Interestingly, a similar process also happens in stem cells during embryogenesis and development. Despite gigantic unsuccessful efforts undertaken thus far toward the conversion of a stem cell into a functional cardiomyocyte, there has been hardly any study that shows successful conversion of a stem cell into a multinucleated cardiomyocyte. We have shown nuclear hypertrophy during heart failure, however; the mechanism(s) of epigenetic memory, regulation of genes during fertilization, embryogenesis, development and during adulthood remain far from understanding. In addition, there may be a connection of aging, loosing of the memory leading to death, and presumably to reincarnation. This review highlights some of these pertinent issues facing the discipline of biology as a whole today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Dragana Stanisic
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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19
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Singh M, George AK, Eyob W, Homme RP, Stansic D, Tyagi SC. High-methionine diet in skeletal muscle remodeling: epigenetic mechanism of homocysteine-mediated growth retardation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:56-63. [PMID: 32799662 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic DNA methylation (1-carbon metabolism) is crucial for gene imprinting/off-printing that ensures epigenetic memory but also generates a copious amount of homocysteine (Hcy), unequivocally. That is why during pregnancy, expectant mothers are recommended "folic acid" preemptively to avoid birth defects in the young ones because of elevated Hcy levels (i.e., hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)). As we know, children born with HHcy have several musculoskeletal abnormalities, including growth retardation. Here, we focus on the gut-dysbiotic microbiome implication(s) that we believe instigates the "1-carbon metabolism" and HHcy causing growth retardation along with skeletal muscle abnormalities. We test our hypothesis whether high-methionine diet (HMD) (an amino acid that is high in red meat), a substrate for Hcy, can cause skeletal muscle and growth retardation, and treatment with probiotics (PB) to mitigate skeletal muscle dysfunction. To test this, we employed cystathionine β-synthase, CBS deficient mouse (CBS+/-) fed with/without HMD and with/without a probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) in drinking water for 16 weeks. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, a hallmark of remodeling, was measured by zymography. Muscle functions were scored via electric stimulation. Our results suggest that compared to the wild-type, CBS+/- mice exhibited reduced growth phenotype. MMP-2 activity was robust in CBS+/- and HMD effects were successfully attenuated by PB intervention. Electrical stimulation magnitude was decreased in CBS+/- and CBS+/- treated with HMD. Interestingly; PB mitigated skeletal muscle growth retardation and atrophy. Collectively, results imply that individuals with mild/moderate HHcy seem more prone to skeletal muscle injury and its dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Akash K George
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Wintana Eyob
- College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rubens P Homme
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Dragana Stansic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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20
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Mei J, Xing Y, Lv J, Gu D, Pan J, Zhang Y, Liu J. Construction of an immune-related gene signature for prediction of prognosis in patients with cervical cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106882. [PMID: 32799114 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CeCa) is becoming an intractable public health issue worldwide. Emerging evidence uncovers that the tumor progression and prognosis of patients with CeCa are tightly associated with the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In the current study, the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in CeCa samples was assessed by using the ssGSEA, thereby generating two immune-related groups according to the immune status. A 4-gene prognostic signature (RIPOR2, DAAM2, SORBS1, and CXCL8) was next established based on the grouping and its predictive capability was validated by multiple analyses. The TIMER database was used to evaluate the association between 4 hub gene expression and immune cell infiltration. Immunophenoscore (IPS) was used to assess response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in CeCa samples. As the results, a novel grouping strategy based on immune cell infiltration was developed and validated. Based on the grouping, a 4-gene signature was identified to be an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival (OS) in CeCa patients. Among the 4 hub genes, RIPOR2 and CXCL8 expression were significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration. Besides, higher immune checkpoints expression and IPS scores were found in the 4-gene signature low-risk group, suggesting a more immunoactive status that tended to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. To sum up, a novel immune-related signature is established to predict CeCa patients' prognosis and also associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, which might be a promising prognostic stratification strategy and innovate therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mei
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinru Lv
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingyi Gu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiadong Pan
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Hirono K, Hata Y, Miyao N, Okabe M, Takarada S, Nakaoka H, Ibuki K, Ozawa S, Origasa H, Nishida N, Ichida F. Increased Burden of Ion Channel Gene Variants Is Related to Distinct Phenotypes in Pediatric Patients With Left Ventricular Noncompaction. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e002940. [PMID: 32600061 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a hereditary type of cardiomyopathy. Although it is associated with high morbidity and mortality, the related ion channel gene variants in children have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the ion channel genetic landscape of LVNC and identify genotype-phenotype correlations in a large Japanese cohort. METHODS We enrolled 206 children with LVNC from 2002 to 2017 in Japan. LVNC was classified as follows: LVNC with congenital heart defects, arrhythmia, dilated phenotype, or normal function. In the enrolled patients, 182 genes associated with cardiomyopathy were screened using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS We identified 99 pathogenic variants in 40 genes in 87 patients. Of the pathogenic variants, 8.8% were in genes associated with channelopathies, 27% were in sarcomere genes, and 11.5% were in mitochondrial genes. Ion channel gene variants were mostly associated with the arrhythmia classification, whereas sarcomere and mitochondrial gene variants were associated with the dilated phenotype. Echocardiography revealed that the group with ion channel gene variants had almost normal LV ejection fraction and LV diastolic diameter Z scores. Fragmented QRS, old age, and an arrhythmia phenotype were the most significant risk factors for ventricular tachycardia (P=0.165, 0.0428, and 0.0074, respectively). Moreover, the group with ion channel variants exhibited a greater risk of a higher prevalence of arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia, rather than congestive heart failure. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that focused on genotype-phenotype correlations in a large pediatric LVNC patient cohort with ion channel gene variants that were determined using next-generation sequencing. Ion channel gene variants were strongly correlated with arrhythmia phenotypes. Genetic testing and phenotype specification allow for appropriate medical management of specific LVNC targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hirono
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hata
- Legal Medicine (Y.H., N.N.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Nariaki Miyao
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Mako Okabe
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Shinya Takarada
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakaoka
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan.,Legal Medicine (Y.H., N.N.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ibuki
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ozawa
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Origasa
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology (H.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishida
- Legal Medicine (Y.H., N.N.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Fukiko Ichida
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
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22
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Induced pluripotent stem cells of patients with Tetralogy of Fallot reveal transcriptional alterations in cardiomyocyte differentiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10921. [PMID: 32616843 PMCID: PMC7331606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (ps-iPSCs) and their differentiated cell types are a powerful model system to gain insight into mechanisms driving early developmental and disease-associated regulatory networks. In this study, we use ps-iPSCs to gain insights into Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), which represents the most common cyanotic heart defect in humans. iPSCs were generated and further differentiated to cardiomyocytes (CMs) using standard methods from two well-characterized TOF patients and their healthy relatives serving as controls. Patient-specific expression patterns and genetic variability were investigated using whole genome and transcriptome sequencing data. We first studied the clonal mutational burden of the derived iPSCs. In two out of three iPSC lines of patient TOF-01, we found a somatic mutation in the DNA-binding domain of tumor suppressor P53, which was not observed in the genomic DNA from blood. Further characterization of this mutation showed its functional impact. For patient TOF-02, potential disease-relevant differential gene expression between and across cardiac differentiation was shown. Here, clear differences at the later stages of differentiation could be observed between CMs of the patient and its controls. Overall, this study provides first insights into the complex molecular mechanisms underlying iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation and its transcriptional alterations in TOF.
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Durbin MD, O'Kane J, Lorentz S, Firulli AB, Ware SM. SHROOM3 is downstream of the planar cell polarity pathway and loss-of-function results in congenital heart defects. Dev Biol 2020; 464:124-136. [PMID: 32511952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, and the leading cause of death due to birth defects, yet causative molecular mechanisms remain mostly unknown. We previously implicated a novel CHD candidate gene, SHROOM3, in a patient with CHD. Using a Shroom3 gene trap knockout mouse (Shroom3gt/gt) we demonstrate that SHROOM3 is downstream of the noncanonical Wnt planar cell polarity signaling pathway (PCP) and loss-of-function causes cardiac defects. We demonstrate Shroom3 expression within cardiomyocytes of the ventricles and interventricular septum from E10.5 onward, as well as within cardiac neural crest cells and second heart field cells that populate the cardiac outflow tract. We demonstrate that Shroom3gt/gt mice exhibit variable penetrance of a spectrum of CHDs that include ventricular septal defects, double outlet right ventricle, and thin left ventricular myocardium. This CHD spectrum phenocopies what is observed with disrupted PCP. We show that during cardiac development SHROOM3 interacts physically and genetically with, and is downstream of, key PCP signaling component Dishevelled 2. Within Shroom3gt/gt hearts we demonstrate disrupted terminal PCP components, actomyosin cytoskeleton, cardiomyocyte polarity, organization, proliferation and morphology. Together, these data demonstrate SHROOM3 functions during cardiac development as an actomyosin cytoskeleton effector downstream of PCP signaling, revealing SHROOM3's novel role in cardiac development and CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Durbin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James O'Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Samuel Lorentz
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anthony B Firulli
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephanie M Ware
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Nakaya MA, Gudmundsson KO, Komiya Y, Keller JR, Habas R, Yamaguchi TP, Ajima R. Placental defects lead to embryonic lethality in mice lacking the Formin and PCP proteins Daam1 and Daam2. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232025. [PMID: 32353019 PMCID: PMC7192421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a central role in establishing cell polarity and shape during embryonic morphogenesis. Daam1, a member of the Formin family of actin cytoskeleton regulators, is a Dvl2-binding protein that functions in the Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway. To examine the role of the Daam proteins in mammalian development, we generated Daam-deficient mice by gene targeting and found that Daam1, but not Daam2, is necessary for fetal survival. Embryonic development of Daam1 mutants was delayed most likely due to functional defects in the labyrinthine layer of the placenta. Examination of Daam2 and Daam1/2 double mutants revealed that Daam1 and Daam2 are functionally redundant during placental development. Of note, neural tube closure defects (NTD), which are observed in several mammalian PCP mutants, are not observed in Wnt5a or Daam1 single mutants, but arise in Daam1;Wnt5a double mutants. These findings demonstrate a unique function for Daam genes in placental development and are consistent with a role for Daam1 in the Wnt/PCP pathway in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masa-aki Nakaya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United State of America
| | - Kristibjorn Orri Gudmundsson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United State of America
| | - Yuko Komiya
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United State of America
| | - Jonathan R. Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United State of America
| | - Raymond Habas
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United State of America
| | - Terry P. Yamaguchi
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United State of America
| | - Rieko Ajima
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United State of America
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Bersini S, Arrojo E Drigo R, Huang L, Shokhirev MN, Hetzer MW. Transcriptional and Functional Changes of the Human Microvasculature during Physiological Aging and Alzheimer Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000044. [PMID: 32402127 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging of the circulatory system correlates with the pathogenesis of a large spectrum of diseases. However, it is largely unknown which factors drive the age-dependent or pathological decline of the vasculature and how vascular defects relate to tissue aging. The goal of the study is to design a multianalytical approach to identify how the cellular microenvironment (i.e., fibroblasts) and serum from healthy donors of different ages or Alzheimer disease (AD) patients can modulate the functionality of organ-specific vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Long-living human microvascular networks embedding VECs and fibroblasts from skin biopsies are generated. RNA-seq, secretome analyses, and microfluidic assays demonstrate that fibroblasts from young donors restore the functionality of aged endothelial cells, an effect also achieved by serum from young donors. New biomarkers of vascular aging are validated in human biopsies and it is shown that young serum induces angiopoietin-like-4, which can restore compromised vascular barriers. This strategy is then employed to characterize transcriptional/functional changes induced on the blood-brain barrier by AD serum, demonstrating the importance of PTP4A3 in the regulation of permeability. Features of vascular degeneration during aging and AD are recapitulated, and a tool to identify novel biomarkers that can be exploited to develop future therapeutics modulating vascular function is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bersini
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at The Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rafael Arrojo E Drigo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ling Huang
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core (IGC), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core (IGC), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Martin W Hetzer
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Prill K, Dawson JF. Assembly and Maintenance of Sarcomere Thin Filaments and Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E542. [PMID: 31952119 PMCID: PMC7013991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomere assembly and maintenance are essential physiological processes required for cardiac and skeletal muscle function and organism mobility. Over decades of research, components of the sarcomere and factors involved in the formation and maintenance of this contractile unit have been identified. Although we have a general understanding of sarcomere assembly and maintenance, much less is known about the development of the thin filaments and associated factors within the sarcomere. In the last decade, advancements in medical intervention and genome sequencing have uncovered patients with novel mutations in sarcomere thin filaments. Pairing this sequencing with reverse genetics and the ability to generate patient avatars in model organisms has begun to deepen our understanding of sarcomere thin filament development. In this review, we provide a summary of recent findings regarding sarcomere assembly, maintenance, and disease with respect to thin filaments, building on the previous knowledge in the field. We highlight debated and unknown areas within these processes to clearly define open research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John F. Dawson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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Overexpressed DAAM1 correlates with metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152736. [PMID: 31757662 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1) is remarkably essential for mediating cell migration and invasion in breast cancer (BrCa). Nonetheless, the definite expression profile of DAAM1 in BrCa patients and the impact on metastasis of BrCa in vivo have not been explored up to now. The differential expression of DAAM1 in BrCa and adjacent tissues was assessed via immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The metastatic capacities of BrCa SUM-1315 cells were examined in BALB/c nude mice. Besides, the prognostic values of DAAM1 mRNA in BrCa were explored based on Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter. The expression of DAAM1 protein was notably overexpressed in BrCa tissues compared with that in paired normal breast tissues. The high expression of DAAM1 in BrCa tissues was significantly associated with lymph-node metastasis. Furthermore, DAAM1 overexpression promoted the invasive capacity of BrCa cells and stimulated lung metastatic extent in vivo. We also found that overexpressed DAAM1 mRNA was significantly associated with poor relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), distance-metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and post-progression survival (PPS). Our findings reveal that DAAM1 might be a novel therapeutic target to manage the deteriorated metastasis of BrCa and identified DAAM1 as a promising biomarker for unfavorable prognosis in BrCa patients.
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George AK, Singh M, Pushpakumar S, Homme RP, Hardin SJ, Tyagi SC. Dysbiotic 1-carbon metabolism in cardiac muscle remodeling. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2590-2598. [PMID: 31489638 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Unless there is a genetic defect/mutation/deletion in a gene, the causation of a given disease is chronic dysregulation of gut metabolism. Most of the time, if not always, starts within the gut; that is what we eat. Recent research shows that the imbalance between good versus bad microbial population, especially in the gut, causes systemic diseases. Thus, an appropriate balance of the gut microbiota (eubiosis over dysbiosis) needs to be maintained for normal health (Veeranki and Tyagi, 2017, Journal of Cellular Physiology, 232, 2929-2930). However, during various diseases such as metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension the dysbiotic gut environment tends to prevail. Our research focuses on homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism that occupies a center-stage in many biochemically relevant epigenetic mechanisms. For example, dysbiotic bacteria methylate promoters to inhibit gene activities. Interestingly, the product of the 1-carbon metabolism is Hcy, unequivocally. Emerging studies show that host resistance to various antibiotics occurs due to inverton promoter inhibition, presumably because of promoter methylation. This results from modification of host promoters by bacterial products leading to loss of host's ability to drug compatibility and system sensitivity. In this study, we focus on the role of high methionine diet (HMD), an ingredient rich in red meat and measure the effects of a probiotic on cardiac muscle remodeling and its functions. We employed wild type (WT) and cystathionine beta-synthase heterozygote knockout (CBS+/- ) mice with and without HMD and with and without a probiotic; PB (Lactobacillus) in drinking water for 16 weeks. Results indicate that matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity was robust in CBS+/- fed with HMD and that it was successfully attenuated by the PB treatment. Cardiomyocyte contractility and ECHO data revealed mitigation of the cardiac dysfunction in CBS+/- + HMD mice treated with PB. In conclusion, our data suggest that probiotics can potentially reverse the Hcy-meditated cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash K George
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - S Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rubens P Homme
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shanna J Hardin
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Sun SW, Zhou M, Chen L, Wu JH, Meng ZJ, Miao SY, Han HL, Zhu CC, Xiong XZ. Whole exome sequencing identifies a rare variant in DAAM2 as a potential candidate in idiopathic pulmonary ossification. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:327. [PMID: 31475197 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.06.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) is a rare disease characterized by bone tissue formation in the lung. DPO can be classified into idiopathic pulmonary ossification (IPO) and secondary pulmonary ossification. Cases with no identified etiology are classified as IPO. Variants of dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 2 (DAAM2) have been reported to be involved in the bone-resorption of osteoclasts. Methods Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used on samples from a patient with IPO and his healthy parents. The effects of all variants were determined using functional predictors (PolyPhen-2, SIFT, FATHMM and MutationTaster); variants existing only in the patient were further screened compared with his healthy parents. Results Forty deleterious variants, including 25 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and 15 insertions and deletions (indels), were identified by WES. Finally, DAAM2 (c.G2960T:p.R987L) was screened by pathway analysis. Conclusions We identified a novel variant of DAAM2 (c.G2960T:p.R987L) that might participate in the disease process of IPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wen Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhao-Ji Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai-Ying Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hong-Li Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chen-Chen Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Yamashiro S, Watanabe N. Quantitative high-precision imaging of myosin-dependent filamentous actin dynamics. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:163-173. [PMID: 31313218 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over recent decades, considerable effort has been made to understand how mechanical stress applied to the actin network alters actin assembly and disassembly dynamics. However, there are conflicting reports concerning the issue both in vitro and in cells. In this review, we discuss concerns regarding previous quantitative live-cell experiments that have attempted to evaluate myosin regulation of filamentous actin (F-actin) turnover. In particular, we highlight an error-generating mechanism in quantitative live-cell imaging, namely convection-induced misdistribution of actin-binding probes. Direct observation of actin turnover at the single-molecule level using our improved electroporation-based Single-Molecule Speckle (eSiMS) microscopy technique overcomes these concerns. We introduce our recent single-molecule analysis that unambiguously demonstrates myosin-dependent regulation of F-actin stability in live cells. We also discuss the possible application of eSiMS microscopy in the analysis of actin remodeling in striated muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Yamashiro
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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31
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Jalil AS, Reddy SB, Plautz CZ. Cellular effects of diquat dibromide exposure: Interference with Wnt signaling and cytoskeletal development. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847319858563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbicidal action of diquat dibromide (DD) on plant cells is due primarily to the initiation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipoperoxidation, and apoptotic cell death. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress also occurs in animal cells exposed to high concentrations of DD; however, observations of DD’s effects on animal cells at concentrations below the reported ROS-initiation threshold suggest that some of these effects may not be attributable to ROS-induced cell death. Our results suggest that DD causes disruption of the Wnt pathway, calcium dysregulation, and cytoskeletal damage during development. Using embryos of the pond snail Lymnaea palustris as our model organism, we observed increased mortality, developmental delay and abnormality, altered motility, calcium dysregulation, decreased heart rate, and arrhythmia in embryos exposed to DD. Sperm extracted from adult snails that were exposed to DD exhibit altered motility, increased abundance, and high mortality. Effects were quantified via real-time imaging, heart rate assessment, flow cytometry, and mortality scoring. We propose that there are two models for the mechanism of DD’s action in animal cells: at low concentrations (≤28 µg/L), apoptotic cell death does not occur, but cytoskeletal elements, calcium regulation, and Wnt signaling are compromised, causing irreversible damage in L. palustris embryos; such damage is partially remediated with antioxidants or lithium chloride. At high concentrations of DD (≥44.4 µg/L), calcium dysregulation may be triggered, leading to the establishment of an intracellular positive feedback loop of ROS formation in the mitochondria, calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, calcium efflux, and apoptotic cell death. Permanent cellular damage occurring from exposure to sublethal concentrations of this widespread herbicide underscores the importance of research that elucidates the mechanism of DD on nontarget organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaris S Jalil
- Department of Biology, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, USA
| | - Sneha B Reddy
- Department of Biology, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, USA
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Abstract
The vertebrate heart tube forms from epithelial progenitor cells in the early embryo and subsequently elongates by progressive addition of second heart field (SHF) progenitor cells from adjacent splanchnic mesoderm. Failure to maximally elongate the heart results in a spectrum of morphological defects affecting the cardiac poles, including outflow tract alignment and atrioventricular septal defects, among the most common congenital birth anomalies. SHF cells constitute an atypical apicobasally polarized epithelium with dynamic basal filopodia, located in the dorsal wall of the pericardial cavity. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of epithelial architecture and cell adhesion in the SHF, particularly for signaling events that control the progenitor cell niche during heart tube elongation. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome gene Tbx1 regulates progenitor cell status through modulating cell shape and filopodial activity and is required for SHF contributions to both cardiac poles. Noncanonical Wnt signaling and planar cell polarity pathway genes control epithelial polarity in the dorsal pericardial wall, as progenitor cells differentiate in a transition zone at the arterial pole. Defects in these pathways lead to outflow tract shortening. Moreover, new biomechanical models of heart tube elongation have been proposed based on analysis of tissue-wide forces driving epithelial morphogenesis in the SHF, including regional cell intercalation, cell cohesion, and epithelial tension. Regulation of the epithelial properties of SHF cells is thus emerging as a key step during heart tube elongation, adding a new facet to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying both heart morphogenesis and congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cortes
- From Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Francou
- From Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, France
| | - Christopher De Bono
- From Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, France
| | - Robert G Kelly
- From Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, France.
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Bai X, Zhou Y, Ouyang N, Liu L, Huang X, Tian J, Lv T. A de novo Mutation in the MTUS1 Gene Decreases the Risk of Non-compaction of Ventricular Myocardium via the Rac1/Cdc42 Pathway. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:247. [PMID: 31338350 PMCID: PMC6626910 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The MTUS1 gene encodes a microtubule-associated protein involved in multiple processes including cell polarity and microtubule balance during myocardial development. Aims: To investigate the association between a de novo c. 2617A->C mutation in MTUS1 (NM_001001924.2) and non-compaction of ventricular myocardium (NVM) and explore the potential mechanisms. Methods: A de novo mutation in MTUS1 was identified for a familial pedigree with NVM. Lentiviral vectors containing MTUS1 wild type or the mutation MTUS1 were constructed and co-infected into HEK-293 cells. MTUS1, Rac1/Cdc42, α-tubulin, α/β-tubulin, polarity protein (PAR6), and the morphology of daughter cells were measured by real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays, respectively. Results: The lentiviral vectors were constructed successfully. Immunofluorescence assays revealed the fluorescence intensity of α-tubulin to be decreased and α/β-tubulin to be increased in the mutation MTUS1 group. The fluorescence intensity of PAR6 was higher and morphology of the daughter cells in the mutation group was different from the wild type group. The phosphorylation of Rac1/Cdc42 in the mutation group was significantly lower than in the wild type group. Conclusions: A de novo mutation in MTUS1 decreased the stability of microtubules and increased cell polarity via the Rac1/Cdc42 pathway, which may partly elucidate the mechanism underlying cellular protection in NVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanlin Zhou
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xupei Huang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charlie E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiewei Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
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34
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Meyer IS, Leuschner F. The role of Wnt signaling in the healing myocardium: a focus on cell specificity. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:44. [PMID: 30327885 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Various cell types are involved in the healing process after myocardial infarction (MI). Besides cardiac resident cells (such as cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells) already present at the lesion site, a massive influx of leukocytes (mainly monocytes and neutrophils) is observed within hours after the ischemic event. So far, little is known about modes of interaction of these cells. Wnt signaling is an evolutionary conserved signaling cassette known to play an important role in cell-cell communication. While the overall reactivation of Wnt signaling upon ischemic injury is well described, the precise expression pattern of Wnt proteins, however, is far from understood. We here describe known Wnt components that partake in MI healing and differentiate cell-specific aspects. The secretion of Wnt proteins and their antagonists in the context of cardiac inflammation after MI appear to be tightly regulated in a spatial-temporal manner. Overall, we aim to stress the importance of elucidating not only Wnt component-specific aspects, but also their sometimes contradicting effects in different target cells. A better understanding of Wnt signaling in MI healing may eventually lead to the development of successful therapeutic approaches in an often considered "un-druggable" pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Sören Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Zuidscherwoude M, Green HLH, Thomas SG. Formin proteins in megakaryocytes and platelets: regulation of actin and microtubule dynamics. Platelets 2018; 30:23-30. [PMID: 29913076 PMCID: PMC6406210 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1481937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The platelet and megakaryocyte cytoskeletons are essential for formation and function of these cells. A dynamic, properly organised tubulin and actin cytoskeleton is critical for the development of the megakaryocyte and the extension of proplatelets. Tubulin in particular plays a pivotal role in the extension of these proplatelets and the release of platelets from them. Tubulin is further required for the maintenance of platelet size, and actin is the driving force for shape change, spreading and platelet contraction during platelet activation. Whilst several key proteins which regulate these cytoskeletons have been described in detail, the formin family of proteins has received less attention. Formins are intriguing as, although they were initially believed to simply be a nucleator of actin polymerisation, increasing evidence shows they are important regulators of the crosstalk between the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. In this review, we will introduce the formin proteins and consider the recent evidence that they play an important role in platelets and megakaryocytes in mediating both the actin and tubulin cytoskeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malou Zuidscherwoude
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,b Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham , Midlands , UK
| | - Hannah L H Green
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Steven G Thomas
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,b Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham , Midlands , UK
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Ehler E. Actin-associated proteins and cardiomyopathy-the 'unknown' beyond troponin and tropomyosin. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1121-1128. [PMID: 29869751 PMCID: PMC6082317 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been known for several decades that mutations in genes that encode for proteins involved in the control of actomyosin interactions such as the troponin complex, tropomyosin and MYBP-C and thus regulate contraction can lead to hereditary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In recent years, it has become apparent that actin-binding proteins not directly involved in the regulation of contraction also can exhibit changed expression levels, show altered subcellular localisation or bear mutations that might lead to hereditary cardiomyopathies. The aim of this review is to look beyond the troponin/tropomyosin mechanism and to give an overview of the different types of actin-associated proteins and their potential roles in cardiomyocytes. It will then discuss recent findings relevant to their involvement in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (School of Basic and Medical Biosciences), London, UK. .,School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Research Excellence Centre, King's College London, Room 3.26A, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Ushijima T, Fujimoto N, Matsuyama S, Kan-O M, Kiyonari H, Shioi G, Kage Y, Yamasaki S, Takeya R, Sumimoto H. The actin-organizing formin protein Fhod3 is required for postnatal development and functional maintenance of the adult heart in mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:148-162. [PMID: 29158260 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac development and function require actin-myosin interactions in the sarcomere, a highly organized contractile structure. Sarcomere assembly mediated by formin homology 2 domain-containing 3 (Fhod3), a member of formins that directs formation of straight actin filaments, is essential for embryonic cardiogenesis. However, the role of Fhod3 in the neonatal and adult stages has remained unknown. Here, we generated floxed Fhod3 mice to bypass the embryonic lethality of an Fhod3 knockout (KO). Perinatal KO of Fhod3 in the heart caused juvenile lethality at around day 10 after birth with enlarged hearts composed of severely impaired myofibrils, indicating that Fhod3 is crucial for postnatal heart development. Tamoxifen-induced conditional KO of Fhod3 in the adult heart neither led to lethal effects nor did it affect sarcomere structure and localization of sarcomere components. However, adult Fhod3-deleted mice exhibited a slight cardiomegaly and mild impairment of cardiac function, conditions that were sustained over 1 year without compensation during aging. In addition to these age-related changes, systemic stimulation with the α1-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine, which induces sustained hypertension and hypertrophy development, induced expression of fetal cardiac genes that was more pronounced in adult Fhod3-deleted mice than in the control mice, suggesting that Fhod3 modulates hypertrophic changes in the adult heart. We conclude that Fhod3 plays a crucial role in both postnatal cardiac development and functional maintenance of the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ushijima
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Noriko Fujimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Sho Matsuyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692
| | - Meikun Kan-O
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit, Kobe 650-0047; Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe 650-0047
| | - Go Shioi
- Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe 650-0047
| | - Yohko Kage
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryu Takeya
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692.
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582.
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Amyloid β synaptotoxicity is Wnt-PCP dependent and blocked by fasudil. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 14:306-317. [PMID: 29055813 PMCID: PMC5869054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Synapse loss is the structural correlate of the cognitive decline indicative of dementia. In the brains of Alzheimer's disease sufferers, amyloid β (Aβ) peptides aggregate to form senile plaques but as soluble peptides are toxic to synapses. We previously demonstrated that Aβ induces Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), which in turn activates the Wnt–planar cell polarity (Wnt-PCP) pathway to drive tau pathology and neuronal death. Methods We compared the effects of Aβ and of Dkk1 on synapse morphology and memory impairment while inhibiting or silencing key elements of the Wnt-PCP pathway. Results We demonstrate that Aβ synaptotoxicity is also Dkk1 and Wnt-PCP dependent, mediated by the arm of Wnt-PCP regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics via Daam1, RhoA and ROCK, and can be blocked by the drug fasudil. Discussion Our data add to the importance of aberrant Wnt signaling in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology and indicate that fasudil could be repurposed as a treatment for the disease. Aβ synaptotoxicity is Dickkopf-1 and Wnt-PCP dependent. The Wnt-PCP pathway drives Aβ-driven synapse loss via RhoA and ROCK. ROCK inhibitor fasudil blocks Aβ-driven synapse loss and cognitive impairment. Fasudil should be assessed for repurposing for Alzheimer's disease.
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Towbin JA, Jefferies JL. Cardiomyopathies Due to Left Ventricular Noncompaction, Mitochondrial and Storage Diseases, and Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Circ Res 2017; 121:838-854. [PMID: 28912186 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The normal function of the human myocardium requires the proper generation and utilization of energy and relies on a series of complex metabolic processes to achieve this normal function. When metabolic processes fail to work properly or effectively, heart muscle dysfunction can occur with or without accompanying functional abnormalities of other organ systems, particularly skeletal muscle. These metabolic derangements can result in structural, functional, and infiltrative deficiencies of the heart muscle. Mitochondrial and enzyme defects predominate as disease-related etiologies. In this review, left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy, which is often caused by mutations in sarcomere and cytoskeletal proteins and is also associated with metabolic abnormalities, is discussed. In addition, cardiomyopathies resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities, storage diseases, and inborn errors of metabolism are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Towbin
- From the Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH.
| | - John Lynn Jefferies
- From the Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH
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Lu Y, Zhang Y, Pan MH, Kim NH, Sun SC, Cui XS. Daam1 regulates fascin for actin assembly in mouse oocyte meiosis. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1350-1356. [PMID: 28682694 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1325045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a formin protein, Daam1 (Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1) is reported to regulate series of cell processes like endocytosis, cell morphology and migration via its effects on actin assembly in mitosis. However, whether Daam1 plays roles in female meiosis remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the expression and functions of Daam1 during mouse oocyte meiosis. Our results indicated that Daam1 localized at the cortex of oocytes, which was similar with actin filaments. After Daam1 morpholino (MO) microinjection, the expression of Daam1 significantly decreased, which resulted in the failure of oocyte polar body extrusion. These results might be due to the defects of actin assembly, since the decreased fluorescence intensity of actin filaments in oocyte cortex and cytoplasm were observed. However, Daam1 knockdown seemed not to affect the meiotic spindle movement. In addition, we found that fascin might be the down effector of Daam1, since the protein expression of fascin decreased after Daam1 knockdown. Thus, our data suggested that Daam1 affected actin assembly during oocyte meiotic division via the regulation of fascin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Lu
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yu Zhang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- b Department of Animal Sciences , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- b Department of Animal Sciences , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
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