1
|
Walker MF, Zhang J, Steiner W, Ku PI, Zhu JF, Michaelson Z, Yen YC, Lee A, Long AB, Casey MJ, Poddar A, Nelson IB, Arveseth CD, Nagel F, Clough R, LaPotin S, Kwan KM, Schulz S, Stewart RA, Tesmer JJG, Caspary T, Subramanian R, Ge X, Myers BR. GRK2 kinases in the primary cilium initiate SMOOTHENED-PKA signaling in the Hedgehog cascade. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002685. [PMID: 39138140 PMCID: PMC11322411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
During Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction in development and disease, the atypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) SMOOTHENED (SMO) communicates with GLI transcription factors by binding the protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKA-C) and physically blocking its enzymatic activity. Here, we show that GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2) orchestrates this process during endogenous mouse and zebrafish Hh pathway activation in the primary cilium. Upon SMO activation, GRK2 rapidly relocalizes from the ciliary base to the shaft, triggering SMO phosphorylation and PKA-C interaction. Reconstitution studies reveal that GRK2 phosphorylation enables active SMO to bind PKA-C directly. Lastly, the SMO-GRK2-PKA pathway underlies Hh signal transduction in a range of cellular and in vivo models. Thus, GRK2 phosphorylation of ciliary SMO and the ensuing PKA-C binding and inactivation are critical initiating events for the intracellular steps in Hh signaling. More broadly, our study suggests an expanded role for GRKs in enabling direct GPCR interactions with diverse intracellular effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison F. Walker
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - William Steiner
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Pei-I Ku
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ju-Fen Zhu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Zachary Michaelson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chen Yen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Annabel Lee
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Alyssa B. Long
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mattie J. Casey
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Abhishek Poddar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Isaac B. Nelson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Corvin D. Arveseth
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | | | - Ryan Clough
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Sarah LaPotin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Stefan Schulz
- 7TM Antibodies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rodney A. Stewart
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - John J. G. Tesmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Radhika Subramanian
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xuecai Ge
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R. Myers
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hourani S, Pouladi MA. Oligodendroglia and myelin pathology in fragile X syndrome. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38898700 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Studies of the pathophysiology of fragile X syndrome (FXS) have predominantly focused on synaptic and neuronal disruptions in the disease. However, emerging studies highlight the consistency of white matter abnormalities in the disorder. Recent investigations using animal models of FXS have suggested a role for the fragile X translational regulator 1 protein (FMRP) in the development and function of oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. These studies are starting to uncover FMRP's involvement in the regulation of myelin-related genes, such as myelin basic protein, and its influence on the maturation and functionality of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes. Here, we consider evidence of white matter abnormalities in FXS, review our current understanding of FMRP's role in oligodendrocyte development and function, and highlight gaps in our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms that may contribute to white matter abnormalities in FXS. Addressing these gaps may help identify new therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing outcomes for individuals affected by FXS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaima Hourani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Walker MF, Zhang J, Steiner W, Ku PI, Zhu JF, Michaelson Z, Yen YC, Lee A, Long AB, Casey MJ, Poddar A, Nelson IB, Arveseth CD, Nagel F, Clough R, LaPotin S, Kwan KM, Schulz S, Stewart RA, Tesmer JJG, Caspary T, Subramanian R, Ge X, Myers BR. GRK2 Kinases in the Primary Cilium Initiate SMOOTHENED-PKA Signaling in the Hedgehog Cascade. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.10.540226. [PMID: 37214942 PMCID: PMC10197709 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.10.540226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
During Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction in development and disease, the atypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) SMOOTHENED (SMO) communicates with GLI transcription factors by binding the protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKA-C) and physically blocking its enzymatic activity. Here we show that GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2) orchestrates this process during endogenous Hh pathway activation in the vertebrate primary cilium. Upon SMO activation, GRK2 rapidly relocalizes from the ciliary base to the shaft, triggering SMO phosphorylation and PKA-C interaction. Reconstitution studies reveal that GRK2 phosphorylation enables active SMO to bind PKA-C directly. Lastly, the SMO-GRK2-PKA pathway underlies Hh signal transduction in a range of cellular and in vivo models. Thus, GRK2 phosphorylation of ciliary SMO, and the ensuing PKA-C binding and inactivation, are critical initiating events for the intracellular steps in Hh signaling. More broadly, our study suggests an expanded role for GRKs in enabling direct GPCR interactions with diverse intracellular effectors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghosh S, Bhatti GK, Sharma PK, Kandimalla R, Mastana SS, Bhatti JS. Potential of Nano-Engineered Stem Cells in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 44:6. [PMID: 38104307 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and degrading autoimmune disorder mainly targeting the central nervous system, leading to progressive neurodegeneration, demyelination, and axonal damage. Current treatment options for MS are limited in efficacy, generally linked to adverse side effects, and do not offer a cure. Stem cell therapies have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for MS, potentially promoting remyelination, exerting immunomodulatory effects and protecting against neurodegeneration. Therefore, this review article focussed on the potential of nano-engineering in stem cells as a therapeutic approach for MS, focusing on the synergistic effects of combining stem cell biology with nanotechnology to stimulate the proliferation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) from neural stem cells and OL precursor cells, by manipulating neural signalling pathways-PDGF, BMP, Wnt, Notch and their essential genes such as Sox, bHLH, Nkx. Here we discuss the pathophysiology of MS, the use of various types of stem cells in MS treatment and their mechanisms of action. In the context of nanotechnology, we present an overview of its applications in the medical and research field and discuss different methods and materials used to nano-engineer stem cells, including surface modification, biomaterials and scaffolds, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems. We further elaborate on nano-engineered stem cell techniques, such as nano script, nano-exosome hybrid, nano-topography and their potentials in MS. The article also highlights enhanced homing, engraftment, and survival of nano-engineered stem cells, targeted and controlled release of therapeutic agents, and immunomodulatory and tissue repair effects with their challenges and limitations. This visual illustration depicts the process of utilizing nano-engineering in stem cells and exosomes for the purpose of delivering more accurate and improved treatments for Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This approach targets specifically the creation of oligodendrocytes, the breakdown of which is the primary pathological factor in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Ghosh
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central, University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Rajasthan, India
- Amity Centre for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Amity University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central, University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Masson MA, Nait-Oumesmar B. Emerging concepts in oligodendrocyte and myelin formation, inputs from the zebrafish model. Glia 2023; 71:1147-1163. [PMID: 36645033 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), which are derived from OL precursor cells. Myelin insulates axons allowing the saltatory conduction of action potentials and also provides trophic and metabolic supports to axons. Interestingly, oligodendroglial cells have the capacity to sense neuronal activity, which regulates myelin sheath formation via the vesicular release of neurotransmitters. Neuronal activity-dependent regulation of myelination is mediated by specialized interaction between axons and oligodendroglia, involving both synaptic and extra-synaptic modes of communications. The zebrafish has provided key advantages for the study of the myelination process in the CNS. External development and transparent larval stages of this vertebrate specie combined with the existence of several transgenic reporter lines provided key advances in oligodendroglial cell biology, axo-glial interactions and CNS myelination. In this publication, we reviewed and discussed the most recent knowledge on OL development and myelin formation, with a focus on mechanisms regulating these fundamental biological processes in the zebrafish. Especially, we highlighted the critical function of axons and oligodendroglia modes of communications and calcium signaling in myelin sheath formation and growth. Finally, we reviewed the relevance of these knowledge's in demyelinating diseases and drug discovery of pharmacological compounds favoring myelin regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Amélie Masson
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Brahim Nait-Oumesmar
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Santos-Ledo A, Pérez-Montes C, DeOliveira-Mello L, Arévalo R, Velasco A. Oligodendrocyte origin and development in the zebrafish visual system. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:515-527. [PMID: 36477827 PMCID: PMC10107312 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells in the central nervous system. In birds and mammals, the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) originate in the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus. However, it remains unclear in other vertebrates such as fish. Thus, we have studied the early progression of OPCs during zebrafish visual morphogenesis from 2 days post fertilization (dpf) until 11 dpf using the olig2:EGFP transgenic line; and we have analyzed the differential expression of transcription factors involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation: Sox2 (using immunohistochemistry) and Sox10 (using the transgenic line sox10:tagRFP). The first OPCs (olig2:EGFP/Sox2) were found at 2 dpf in the POA. From 3 dpf onwards, these olig2:EGFP/Sox2 cells migrate to the optic chiasm, where they invade the optic nerve (ON), extending toward the retina. At 5 dpf, olig2:EGFP/Sox2 cells in the ON also colocalize with sox10:tagRFP. When olig2:EGFP cells differentiate and present more projections, they become positive only for sox10:tagRFP. olig2:EGFP/sox10: tagRFP cells ensheath the ON by 5 dpf when they also become positive for a myelin marker, based on the mbpa:tagRFPt transgenic line. We also found olig2:EGFP cells in other regions of the visual system. In the central retina at 2 dpf, they are positive for Sox2 but later become restricted to the proliferative germinal zone without this marker. In the ventricular areas of the optic tectum, olig2:EGFP cells present Sox2 but arborized ones sox10:tagRFP instead. Our data matches with other models, where OPCs are specified in the POA and migrate to the ON through the optic chiasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Santos-Ledo
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Instituto de NeurocienciasdeCastilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-Montes
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Instituto de NeurocienciasdeCastilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura DeOliveira-Mello
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Instituto de NeurocienciasdeCastilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosario Arévalo
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Instituto de NeurocienciasdeCastilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Almudena Velasco
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Instituto de NeurocienciasdeCastilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Seq’ing the origins of cells in the developing spinal cord. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
8
|
Lepiemme F, Stoufflet J, Javier-Torrent M, Mazzucchelli G, Silva CG, Nguyen L. Oligodendrocyte precursors guide interneuron migration by unidirectional contact repulsion. Science 2022; 376:eabn6204. [PMID: 35587969 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the forebrain, ventrally derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells (vOPCs) travel tangentially toward the cortex together with cortical interneurons. Here, we tested in the mouse whether these populations interact during embryogenesis while migrating. By coupling histological analysis of genetic models with live imaging, we show that although they are both attracted by the chemokine Cxcl12, vOPCs and cortical interneurons occupy mutually exclusive forebrain territories enriched in this chemokine. Moreover, first-wave vOPC depletion selectively disrupts the migration and distribution of cortical interneurons. At the cellular level, we found that by promoting unidirectional contact repulsion, first-wave vOPCs steered the migration of cortical interneurons away from the blood vessels to which they were both attracted, thereby allowing interneurons to reach their proper cortical territories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lepiemme
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Neurogenesis, GIGA-Stem Cells and GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Stoufflet
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Neurogenesis, GIGA-Stem Cells and GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Míriam Javier-Torrent
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Neurogenesis, GIGA-Stem Cells and GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Mazzucchelli
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, MolSys Research Unit, Liege University, Liege, Belgium
| | - Carla G Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Neurogenesis, GIGA-Stem Cells and GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Neurogenesis, GIGA-Stem Cells and GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li C, Huang S, Zhou W, Xie Z, Xie S, Li M. Effects of the Notch Signaling Pathway on Secondary Brain Changes Caused by Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1651-1663. [PMID: 35211828 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause secondary brain changes, leading to hypomyelination in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Some studies have shown that notch signaling pathway activation can regulate oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. The aim of this study was to investigate whether inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway can alleviate hypomyelination in the dlPFC caused by SCI. Moreover, we further investigated whether the changes in myelination in the dlPFC are associated with neuropathic pain following SCI. We established a mouse model of SCI and observed the changes in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the changes in myelination in the dlPFC. The results indicated the existence of a relationship between activation of the Notch signaling pathway and hypomyelination in the dlPFC and confirmed the existence of a relationship between hypomyelination in the dlPFC and decreases in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia thresholds. In conclusion, these results suggested that the Notch signaling pathway is activated after SCI, leading to hypomyelination in the dlPFC, and that DAPT can inhibit the Notch signaling pathway and improve mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia thresholds. Our findings provide a new target for the treatment of neuropathic pain caused by SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxin Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenke Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brown RI, Kawakami K, Kucenas S. A novel gene trap line for visualization and manipulation of erbb3b + neural crest and glial cells in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2022; 482:114-123. [PMID: 34932993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glia are a diverse and essential cell type in the vertebrate nervous system. Transgenic tools and fluorescent reporter lines are critical resources to investigate how glial subtypes develop and function. However, despite the many lines available in zebrafish, the community still lacks the ability to label all unique stages of glial development and specific subpopulations of cells. To address this issue, we screened zebrafish gene and enhancer trap lines to find a novel reporter for peripheral glial subtypes. From these, we generated the gSAIzGFFD37A transgenic line that expresses GFP in neural crest cells and central and peripheral glia. We found that the gene trap construct is located within an intron of erbb3b, a gene essential for glial development. Additionally, we confirmed that GFP+ cells express erbb3b along with sox10, a known glial marker. From our screen, we have identified the gSAIzGFFD37A line as a novel and powerful tool for studying glia in the developing zebrafish, as well as a new resource to manipulate erbb3b+ cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Isadora Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA; Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, and Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka, 444-8540, Japan
| | - Sarah Kucenas
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA; Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barber HM, Ali MF, Kucenas S. Glial Patchwork: Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells and Astrocytes Blanket the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:803057. [PMID: 35069117 PMCID: PMC8766310 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.803057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tiling is a developmental process where cell populations become evenly distributed throughout a tissue. In this review, we discuss the developmental cellular tiling behaviors of the two major glial populations in the central nervous system (CNS)—oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and astrocytes. First, we discuss OPC tiling in the spinal cord, which is comprised of the three cellular behaviors of migration, proliferation, and contact-mediated repulsion (CMR). These cellular behaviors occur simultaneously during OPC development and converge to produce the emergent behavior of tiling which results in OPCs being evenly dispersed and occupying non-overlapping domains throughout the CNS. We next discuss astrocyte tiling in the cortex and hippocampus, where astrocytes migrate, proliferate, then ultimately determine their exclusive domains by gradual removal of overlap rather than sustained CMR. This results in domains that slightly overlap, allowing for both exclusive control of “synaptic islands” and astrocyte-astrocyte communication. We finally discuss the similarities and differences in the tiling behaviors of these glial populations and what remains unknown regarding glial tiling and how perturbations to this process may impact injury and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Barber
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cell & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Maria F. Ali
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sarah Kucenas
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cell & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sarah Kucenas
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Neely SA, Lyons DA. Insights Into Central Nervous System Glial Cell Formation and Function From Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:754606. [PMID: 34912801 PMCID: PMC8666443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.754606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term glia describes a heterogenous collection of distinct cell types that make up a large proportion of our nervous system. Although once considered the glue of the nervous system, the study of glial cells has evolved significantly in recent years, with a large body of literature now highlighting their complex and diverse roles in development and throughout life. This progress is due, in part, to advances in animal models in which the molecular and cellular mechanisms of glial cell development and function as well as neuron-glial cell interactions can be directly studied in vivo in real time, in intact neural circuits. In this review we highlight the instrumental role that zebrafish have played as a vertebrate model system for the study of glial cells, and discuss how the experimental advantages of the zebrafish lend themselves to investigate glial cell interactions and diversity. We focus in particular on recent studies that have provided insight into the formation and function of the major glial cell types in the central nervous system in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Neely
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Scott K, O'Rourke R, Winkler CC, Kearns CA, Appel B. Temporal single-cell transcriptomes of zebrafish spinal cord pMN progenitors reveal distinct neuronal and glial progenitor populations. Dev Biol 2021; 479:37-50. [PMID: 34303700 PMCID: PMC8410680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ventral spinal cord progenitor cells, which express the basic helix loop helix transcription factor Olig2, sequentially produce motor neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Following specification some OPCs differentiate as myelinating oligodendrocytes while others persist as OPCs. Though a considerable amount of work has described the molecular profiles that define motor neurons, OPCs, and oligodendrocytes, less is known about the progenitors that produce them. To identify the developmental origins and transcriptional profiles of motor neurons and OPCs, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on isolated pMN cells from embryonic zebrafish trunk tissue at stages that encompassed motor neurogenesis, OPC specification, and initiation of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Downstream analyses revealed two distinct pMN progenitor populations: one that appears to produce neurons and one that appears to produce OPCs. This latter population, called Pre-OPCs, is marked by expression of GS Homeobox 2 (gsx2), a gene that encodes a homeobox transcription factor. Using fluorescent in situ hybridizations, we identified gsx2-expressing Pre-OPCs in the spinal cord prior to expression of canonical OPC marker genes. Our data therefore reveal heterogeneous gene expression profiles among pMN progenitors, supporting prior fate mapping evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayt Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Colorado, 80045, USA; Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Training Program, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca O'Rourke
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Caitlin C Winkler
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Colorado, 80045, USA; RNA Bioscience Initiative and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Christina A Kearns
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Bruce Appel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Colorado, 80045, USA; Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The presynaptic glycine transporter GlyT2 is regulated by the Hedgehog pathway in vitro and in vivo. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1197. [PMID: 34663888 PMCID: PMC8523746 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The identity of a glycinergic synapse is maintained presynaptically by the activity of a surface glycine transporter, GlyT2, which recaptures glycine back to presynaptic terminals to preserve vesicular glycine content. GlyT2 loss-of-function mutations cause Hyperekplexia, a rare neurological disease in which loss of glycinergic neurotransmission causes generalized stiffness and strong motor alterations. However, the molecular underpinnings controlling GlyT2 activity remain poorly understood. In this work, we identify the Hedgehog pathway as a robust controller of GlyT2 expression and transport activity. Modulating the activation state of the Hedgehog pathway in vitro in rodent primary spinal cord neurons or in vivo in zebrafish embryos induced a selective control in GlyT2 expression, regulating GlyT2 transport activity. Our results indicate that activation of Hedgehog reduces GlyT2 expression by increasing its ubiquitination and degradation. This work describes a new molecular link between the Hedgehog signaling pathway and presynaptic glycine availability. By modulating the activation state of the Hedgehog pathway, de la Rocha-Muñoz et al demonstrate that Hedgehog signaling controls the expression and transport activity of the neuronal glycine transporter GlyT2. This work begins to reveal a potential link between the Hedgehog signaling pathway and presynaptic glycine availability.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ali MF, Latimer AJ, Wang Y, Hogenmiller L, Fontenas L, Isabella AJ, Moens CB, Yu G, Kucenas S. Met is required for oligodendrocyte progenitor cell migration in Danio rerio. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab265. [PMID: 34568921 PMCID: PMC8473979 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
During vertebrate central nervous system development, most oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are specified in the ventral spinal cord and must migrate throughout the neural tube until they become evenly distributed, occupying non-overlapping domains. While this process of developmental OPC migration is well characterized, the nature of the molecular mediators that govern it remain largely unknown. Here, using zebrafish as a model, we demonstrate that Met signaling is required for initial developmental migration of OPCs, and, using cell-specific knock-down of Met signaling, show that Met acts cell-autonomously in OPCs. Taken together, these findings demonstrate in vivo, the role of Met signaling in OPC migration and provide new insight into how OPC migration is regulated during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Ali
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Andrew J Latimer
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Yinxue Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Leah Hogenmiller
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Laura Fontenas
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Adam J Isabella
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Sarah Kucenas
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Effects of the Olig Family on the Regulation of Spinal Cord Development and Regeneration. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2776-2782. [PMID: 34228233 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are generated from neuroepithelial cells in the ventricular zone that surrounds the embryonic neural tube. The proliferation and distinct differentiation of neural precursors occurs at certain stages and are regulated by a series of transcription factors leading to the generation of neuronal and glial cell subtypes. In this manuscript, we review the effects of the Olig family, namely, members Olig1, Olig2 and Olig3, on the distinct differentiation of glial and neuronal cells in the developing spinal cord and injured neural tissue.
Collapse
|
17
|
Doll CA, Scott K, Appel B. Fmrp regulates oligodendrocyte lineage cell specification and differentiation. Glia 2021; 69:2349-2361. [PMID: 34110049 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopment requires the precise integration of a wide variety of neuronal and glial cell types. During early embryonic development, motor neurons and then oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are specified from neural progenitors residing in the periventricular pMN progenitor domain of the spinal cord. Following gliogenesis, OPCs can differentiate as oligodendrocytes (OLs)-the myelinating glial cells of the central nervous system-or remain as OPCs. To generate unique cell types capable of highly divergent functions, these specification and differentiation events require specialized gene expression programs. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate mRNA localization and translation in the developing nervous system and are linked to many neurodevelopmental disorders. One example is Fragile X syndrome (FXS), caused by the loss of the RBP fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Importantly, infants with FXS have reduced white matter and we previously showed that zebrafish Fmrp is autonomously required in OLs to promote myelin sheath growth. We now find that Fmrp regulates cell specification in pMN progenitor cells such that fmr1 mutant zebrafish generate fewer motor neurons and excess OPCs. Fmrp subsequently promotes differentiation of OPCs, leading to fewer differentiating OLs in the developing spinal cord of fmr1 larvae. Although the early patterning of spinal progenitor domains appears largely normal in fmr1 mutants during early embryogenesis, Shh signaling is greatly diminished. Taken together, these results suggest cell stage-specific requirements for Fmrp in the specification and differentiation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A Doll
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kayt Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bruce Appel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Siems SB, Jahn O, Hoodless LJ, Jung RB, Hesse D, Möbius W, Czopka T, Werner HB. Proteome Profile of Myelin in the Zebrafish Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640169. [PMID: 33898427 PMCID: PMC8060510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The velocity of nerve conduction along vertebrate axons depends on their ensheathment with myelin. Myelin membranes comprise specialized proteins well characterized in mice. Much less is known about the protein composition of myelin in non-mammalian species. Here, we assess the proteome of myelin biochemically purified from the brains of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio), considering its increasing popularity as model organism for myelin biology. Combining gel-based and gel-free proteomic approaches, we identified > 1,000 proteins in purified zebrafish myelin, including all known constituents. By mass spectrometric quantification, the predominant Ig-CAM myelin protein zero (MPZ/P0), myelin basic protein (MBP), and the short-chain dehydrogenase 36K constitute 12%, 8%, and 6% of the total myelin protein, respectively. Comparison with previously established mRNA-abundance profiles shows that expression of many myelin-related transcripts coincides with the maturation of zebrafish oligodendrocytes. Zebrafish myelin comprises several proteins that are not present in mice, including 36K, CLDNK, and ZWI. However, a surprisingly large number of ortholog proteins is present in myelin of both species, indicating partial evolutionary preservation of its constituents. Yet, the relative abundance of CNS myelin proteins can differ markedly as exemplified by the complement inhibitor CD59 that constitutes 5% of the total zebrafish myelin protein but is a low-abundant myelin component in mice. Using novel transgenic reporter constructs and cryo-immuno electron microscopy, we confirm the incorporation of CD59 into myelin sheaths. These data provide the first proteome resource of zebrafish CNS myelin and demonstrate both similarities and heterogeneity of myelin composition between teleost fish and rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B Siems
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura J Hoodless
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ramona B Jung
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörte Hesse
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Czopka
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yergert KM, Doll CA, O’Rouke R, Hines JH, Appel B. Identification of 3' UTR motifs required for mRNA localization to myelin sheaths in vivo. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001053. [PMID: 33439856 PMCID: PMC7837478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a specialized membrane produced by oligodendrocytes that insulates and supports axons. Oligodendrocytes extend numerous cellular processes, as projections of the plasma membrane, and simultaneously wrap multiple layers of myelin membrane around target axons. Notably, myelin sheaths originating from the same oligodendrocyte are variable in size, suggesting local mechanisms regulate myelin sheath growth. Purified myelin contains ribosomes and hundreds of mRNAs, supporting a model that mRNA localization and local protein synthesis regulate sheath growth and maturation. However, the mechanisms by which mRNAs are selectively enriched in myelin sheaths are unclear. To investigate how mRNAs are targeted to myelin sheaths, we tested the hypothesis that transcripts are selected for myelin enrichment through consensus sequences in the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). Using methods to visualize mRNA in living zebrafish larvae, we identified candidate 3' UTRs that were sufficient to localize mRNA to sheaths and enriched near growth zones of nascent membrane. We bioinformatically identified motifs common in 3' UTRs from 3 myelin-enriched transcripts and determined that these motifs are required and sufficient in a context-dependent manner for mRNA transport to myelin sheaths. Finally, we show that 1 motif is highly enriched in the myelin transcriptome, suggesting that this sequence is a global regulator of mRNA localization during developmental myelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Yergert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Caleb A. Doll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rebecca O’Rouke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jacob H. Hines
- Department of Biology, Winona State University, Winona, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bruce Appel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Danesin C, Darche-Gabinaud R, Escalas N, Bouguetoch V, Cochard P, Al Oustah A, Ohayon D, Glise B, Soula C. Sulf2a controls Shh-dependent neural fate specification in the developing spinal cord. Sci Rep 2021; 11:118. [PMID: 33420239 PMCID: PMC7794431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulf2a belongs to the Sulf family of extracellular sulfatases which selectively remove 6-O-sulfate groups from heparan sulfates, a critical regulation level for their role in modulating the activity of signalling molecules. Data presented here define Sulf2a as a novel player in the control of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-mediated cell type specification during spinal cord development. We show that Sulf2a depletion in zebrafish results in overproduction of V3 interneurons at the expense of motor neurons and also impedes generation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), three cell types that depend on Shh for their generation. We provide evidence that Sulf2a, expressed in a spatially restricted progenitor domain, acts by maintaining the correct patterning and specification of ventral progenitors. More specifically, Sulf2a prevents Olig2 progenitors to activate high-threshold Shh response and, thereby, to adopt a V3 interneuron fate, thus ensuring proper production of motor neurons and OPCs. We propose a model in which Sulf2a reduces Shh signalling levels in responding cells by decreasing their sensitivity to the morphogen factor. More generally, our work, revealing that, in contrast to its paralog Sulf1, Sulf2a regulates neural fate specification in Shh target cells, provides direct evidence of non-redundant functions of Sulfs in the developing spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Danesin
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5547), Toulouse, France.
| | - Romain Darche-Gabinaud
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5547), Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Escalas
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5547), Toulouse, France
| | - Vanessa Bouguetoch
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5547), Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Cochard
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5547), Toulouse, France
| | - Amir Al Oustah
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5547), Toulouse, France
| | - David Ohayon
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5547), Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Glise
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5547), Toulouse, France
| | - Cathy Soula
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5547), Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jacobs CT, Huang P. Complex crosstalk of Notch and Hedgehog signalling during the development of the central nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:635-644. [PMID: 32880661 PMCID: PMC11072263 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) is tightly regulated by many highly conserved cell signalling pathways. These pathways ensure that differentiation and migration events occur in a specific and spatiotemporally restricted manner. Two of these pathways, Notch and Hedgehog (Hh) signalling, have been shown to form a complex web of interaction throughout different stages of CNS development. Strikingly, some processes employ Notch signalling to regulate Hh response, while others utilise Hh signalling to modulate Notch response. Notch signalling functions upstream of Hh response through controlling the trafficking of integral pathway components as well as through modulating protein levels and transcription of downstream transcriptional factors. In contrast, Hh signalling regulates Notch response by either indirectly controlling expression of key Notch ligands and regulatory proteins or directly through transcriptional control of canonical Notch target genes. Here, we review these interactions and demonstrate the level of interconnectivity between the pathways, highlighting context-dependent modes of crosstalk. Since many other developmental signalling pathways are active in these tissues, it is likely that the interplay between Notch and Hh signalling is not only an example of signalling crosstalk but also functions as a component of a wider, multi-pathway signalling network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Jacobs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vaes JEG, Brandt MJV, Wanders N, Benders MJNL, de Theije CGM, Gressens P, Nijboer CH. The impact of trophic and immunomodulatory factors on oligodendrocyte maturation: Potential treatments for encephalopathy of prematurity. Glia 2020; 69:1311-1340. [PMID: 33595855 PMCID: PMC8246971 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a major cause of morbidity in preterm neonates, causing neurodevelopmental adversities that can lead to lifelong impairments. Preterm birth-related insults, such as cerebral oxygen fluctuations and perinatal inflammation, are believed to negatively impact brain development, leading to a range of brain abnormalities. Diffuse white matter injury is a major hallmark of EoP and characterized by widespread hypomyelination, the result of disturbances in oligodendrocyte lineage development. At present, there are no treatment options available, despite the enormous burden of EoP on patients, their families, and society. Over the years, research in the field of neonatal brain injury and other white matter pathologies has led to the identification of several promising trophic factors and cytokines that contribute to the survival and maturation of oligodendrocytes, and/or dampening neuroinflammation. In this review, we discuss the current literature on selected factors and their therapeutic potential to combat EoP, covering a wide range of in vitro, preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, we offer a future perspective on the translatability of these factors into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josine E G Vaes
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Myrna J V Brandt
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki Wanders
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon J N L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline G M de Theije
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cora H Nijboer
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Low-Field Magnetic Stimulation Accelerates the Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells via Non-canonical TGF-β Signaling Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:855-866. [PMID: 33037982 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Demyelination and oligodendrocyte loss are characteristic changes in demyelinating disorders. Low-field magnetic stimulation (LFMS) is a novel transcranial neuromodulation technology that has shown promising therapeutic potential for a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of magnetic stimulation remain unclear. Previous studies mainly focused on the effects of magnetic stimulation on neuronal cells. Here we aimed to examine the effects of a gamma frequency LFMS on the glial progenitor cells. We used rat central glia-4 (CG4) cell line as an in vitro model. CG4 is a bipotential glial progenitor cell line that can differentiate into either oligodendrocyte or type 2-astrocyte. The cells cultured in a defined differentiation media were exposed to a 40-Hz LFMS 20 min daily for five consecutive days. We found that LFMS transiently elevated the level of TGF-β1 in the culture media in the first 24 h after the treatment. In correlation with the TGF-β1 levels, the percentage of cells possessing complex branches and expressing the late oligodendrocyte progenitor marker O4 was increased, indicating the accelerated differentiation of CG4 cells towards oligodendrocyte in LFMS-treated cultures. LFMS increased phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 proteins, but not SMAD2/3. TGF-β1 receptor I specific inhibitor LY 364947 partially suppressed the effects of LFMS on differentiation and on levels of pAkt and pErk1/2, indicating that LFMS enhances the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells via activation of non-canonical TGF-β-Akt and TGF-β-Erk1/2 pathways but not the canonical SMAD pathway. The data from this study reveal a novel mechanism of magnetic stimulation as a potential therapy for demyelination disorders.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ming X, Dupree JL, Gallo V, Chew LJ. Sox17 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Regeneration by Dual Modulation of Hedgehog and Wnt Signaling. iScience 2020; 23:101592. [PMID: 33083751 PMCID: PMC7553347 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways that promote oligodendrocyte development improve oligodendrocyte regeneration and myelin recovery from demyelinating pathologies. Sox factors critically control myelin gene expression and oligodendroglial fate, but little is known about signaling events underlying Sox-mediated oligodendroglial regeneration. In this study of the SoxF member Sox17, we demonstrate that Sox17-induced oligodendrocyte regeneration in adult myelin lesions occurs by suppressing lesion-induced Wnt/beta-catenin signaling which is inhibitory to oligodendrocyte regeneration and by increasing Sonic Hedgehog/Smoothened/Gli2 activity. Hedgehog signaling through Smoothened critically supports adult oligodendroglial viability and is an upstream regulator of beta-catenin. Gli2 ablation in adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells indicates that Gli2 regulates beta-catenin differentially in wild-type and Sox17-overexpressing white matter. Myelin lesions in Sox17-deficient mice show beta-catenin hyperactivation, regenerative failure, and loss of oligodendrogenesis, despite exogenous Hedgehog stimulation. These studies indicate the benefit of Sox17 signaling targets to enhance oligodendrocyte regeneration after demyelination injury by modulating both Hedgehog and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Ming
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC 20010, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Dupree
- Department Anatomy and Neurobiol, Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA, USA.,Research Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC 20010, USA
| | - Li-Jin Chew
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC 20010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The Secreted Glycoprotein Reelin Suppresses the Proliferation and Regulates the Distribution of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells in the Embryonic Neocortex. J Neurosci 2020; 40:7625-7636. [PMID: 32913108 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0125-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cells (OPCs) are generated, proliferate, migrate, and differentiate in the developing brain. Although the development of OPCs is prerequisite for normal brain function, the molecular mechanisms regulating their development in the neocortex are not fully understood. Several molecules regulate the tangential distribution of OPCs in the developing neocortex, but the cue molecule(s) that regulate their radial distribution remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the secreted glycoprotein Reelin suppresses the proliferation of OPCs and acts as a repellent for their migration in vitro These functions rely on the binding of Reelin to its receptors and on the signal transduction involving the intracellular protein Dab1. In the late embryonic neocortex of mice with attenuated Reelin signaling [i.e., Reelin heterozygote-deficient, Dab1 heterozygote-deficient mutant, or very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR)-deficient mice], the number of OPCs increased and their distribution shifted toward the superficial layers. In contrast, the number of OPCs decreased and they tended to distribute in the deep layers in the neocortex of mice with abrogated inactivation of Reelin by proteolytic cleavage, namely a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs 3 (ADAMTS-3)-deficient mice and cleavage-resistant Reelin knock-in mice. Both male and female animals were used. These data indicate that Reelin-Dab1 signaling regulates the proliferation and radial distribution of OPCs in the late embryonic neocortex and that the regulation of Reelin function by its specific proteolysis is required for the normal development of OPCs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here, we report that Reelin-Dab1 signaling regulates the proliferation and radial distribution of OPCs in the late embryonic mouse neocortex. Oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cells (OPCs) express Reelin signaling molecules and respond to Reelin stimulation. Reelin-Dab1 signaling suppresses the proliferation of OPCs both in vitro and in vivo Reelin repels OPCs in vitro, and the radial distribution of OPCs is altered in mice with either attenuated or augmented Reelin-Dab1 signaling. This is the first report identifying the secreted molecule that plays a role in the radial distribution of OPCs in the late embryonic neocortex. Our results also show that the regulation of Reelin function by its specific proteolysis is important for the normal development of OPCs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Scott K, O'Rourke R, Gillen A, Appel B. Prdm8 regulates pMN progenitor specification for motor neuron and oligodendrocyte fates by modulating the Shh signaling response. Development 2020; 147:dev191023. [PMID: 32680935 PMCID: PMC7473643 DOI: 10.1242/dev.191023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord pMN progenitors sequentially produce motor neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Some OPCs differentiate rapidly as myelinating oligodendrocytes, whereas others remain into adulthood. How pMN progenitors switch from producing motor neurons to OPCs with distinct fates is poorly understood. pMN progenitors express prdm8, which encodes a transcriptional repressor, during motor neuron and OPC formation. To determine whether prdm8 controls pMN cell fate specification, we used zebrafish as a model system to investigate prdm8 function. Our analysis revealed that prdm8 mutant embryos have fewer motor neurons resulting from a premature switch from motor neuron to OPC production. Additionally, prdm8 mutant larvae have excess oligodendrocytes and a concomitant deficit of OPCs. Notably, pMN cells of mutant embryos have elevated Shh signaling, coincident with the motor neuron to OPC switch. Inhibition of Shh signaling restored the number of motor neurons to normal but did not rescue the proportion of oligodendrocytes. These data suggest that Prdm8 regulates the motor neuron-OPC switch by controlling the level of Shh activity in pMN progenitors, and also regulates the allocation of oligodendrocyte lineage cell fates.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayt Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
| | - Rebecca O'Rourke
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
| | - Austin Gillen
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
| | - Bruce Appel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aberrant Oligodendrogenesis in Down Syndrome: Shift in Gliogenesis? Cells 2019; 8:cells8121591. [PMID: 31817891 PMCID: PMC6953000 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, is the most prevalent chromosomal anomaly accounting for cognitive impairment and intellectual disability (ID). Neuropathological changes of DS brains are characterized by a reduction in the number of neurons and oligodendrocytes, accompanied by hypomyelination and astrogliosis. Recent studies mainly focused on neuronal development in DS, but underestimated the role of glial cells as pathogenic players. Aberrant or impaired differentiation within the oligodendroglial lineage and altered white matter functionality are thought to contribute to central nervous system (CNS) malformations. Given that white matter, comprised of oligodendrocytes and their myelin sheaths, is vital for higher brain function, gathering knowledge about pathways and modulators challenging oligodendrogenesis and cell lineages within DS is essential. This review article discusses to what degree DS-related effects on oligodendroglial cells have been described and presents collected evidence regarding induced cell-fate switches, thereby resulting in an enhanced generation of astrocytes. Moreover, alterations in white matter formation observed in mouse and human post-mortem brains are described. Finally, the rationale for a better understanding of pathways and modulators responsible for the glial cell imbalance as a possible source for future therapeutic interventions is given based on current experience on pro-oligodendroglial treatment approaches developed for demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Doll CA, Yergert KM, Appel BH. The RNA binding protein fragile X mental retardation protein promotes myelin sheath growth. Glia 2019; 68:495-508. [PMID: 31626382 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During development, oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system extend a multitude of processes that wrap axons with myelin. The highly polarized oligodendrocytes generate myelin sheaths on many different axons, which are far removed from the cell body. Neurons use RNA binding proteins to transport, stabilize, and locally translate mRNA in distal domains of neurons. Local synthesis of synaptic proteins during neurodevelopment facilitates the rapid structural and functional changes underlying neural plasticity and avoids extensive protein transport. We hypothesize that RNA binding proteins also regulate local mRNA regulation in oligodendrocytes to promote myelin sheath growth. Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA binding protein that plays essential roles in the growth and maturation of neurons, is also expressed in oligodendrocytes. To determine whether oligodendrocytes require FMRP for myelin sheath development, we examined fmr1-/- mutant zebrafish and drove FMR1 expression specifically in oligodendrocytes. We found oligodendrocytes in fmr1-/- mutants developed myelin sheaths of diminished length, a phenotype that can be autonomously rescued in oligodendrocytes with FMR1 expression. Myelin basic protein (Mbp), an essential myelin protein, was reduced in myelin tracts of fmr1-/- mutants, but loss of FMRP function did not impact the localization of mbpa transcript in myelin. Finally, expression of FMR1-I304N, a missense allele that abrogates FMRP association with ribosomes, failed to rescue fmr1-/- mutant sheath growth and induced short myelin sheaths in oligodendrocytes of wild-type larvae. Taken together, these data suggest that FMRP promotes sheath growth through local regulation of translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A Doll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katie M Yergert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bruce H Appel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hughes AN, Appel B. Oligodendrocytes express synaptic proteins that modulate myelin sheath formation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4125. [PMID: 31511515 PMCID: PMC6739339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular release from neurons promotes myelin sheath growth on axons. Oligodendrocytes express proteins that allow dendrites to respond to vesicular release at synapses, suggesting that axon-myelin contacts use similar communication mechanisms as synapses to form myelin sheaths. To test this, we used fusion proteins to track synaptic vesicle localization and membrane fusion in zebrafish during developmental myelination and investigated expression and localization of PSD95, a dendritic post-synaptic protein, within oligodendrocytes. Synaptic vesicles accumulate and exocytose at ensheathment sites with variable patterning and most sheaths localize PSD95 with patterning similar to exocytosis site location. Disruption of candidate PDZ-binding transsynaptic adhesion proteins in oligodendrocytes cause variable effects on sheath length and number. One candidate, Cadm1b, localizes to myelin sheaths where both PDZ binding and extracellular adhesion to axons mediate sheath growth. Our work raises the possibility that axon-glial communication contributes to myelin plasticity, providing new targets for mechanistic unraveling of developmental myelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria N Hughes
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Bruce Appel
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Winkler CC, Franco SJ. Loss of Shh signaling in the neocortex reveals heterogeneous cell recovery responses from distinct oligodendrocyte populations. Dev Biol 2019; 452:55-65. [PMID: 31071314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The majority of oligodendrocytes in the neocortex originate from neural progenitors that reside in the dorsal forebrain. We recently showed that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling in these dorsal progenitors is required to produce normal numbers of neocortical oligodendrocytes during embryonic development. Conditional deletion of the Shh signaling effector, Smo, in dorsal progenitors caused a dramatic reduction in oligodendrocyte numbers in the embryonic neocortex. In the current study, we show that the depleted oligodendrocyte lineage in Smo conditional mutants is able to recover to control numbers over time. This eventual recovery is achieved in part by expansion of the ventrally-derived wild-type lineage that normally makes up a minority of the total oligodendrocyte population. However, we find that the remaining dorsally-derived mutant cells also increase in numbers over time to contribute equally to the recovery of the total population. Additionally, we found that the ways in which the dorsal and ventral sources cooperate to achieve recovery is different for distinct populations of oligodendrocyte-lineage cells. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the neocortical white matter recover completely by expansion of the remaining dorsally-derived Smo mutant cells. On the other hand, mature oligodendrocytes in the white and gray matter recover through an equal contribution from dorsal mutant and ventral wild-type lineages. Interestingly, the only population that did not make a full recovery was OPCs in the gray matter. We find that gray matter OPCs are less proliferative in Smo cKO mutants compared to controls, which may explain their inability to fully recover. Our data indicate that certain populations of the dorsal oligodendrocyte lineage are more affected by loss of Shh signaling than others. Furthermore, these studies shed new light on the complex relationship between dorsal and ventral sources of oligodendrocytes in the developing neocortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Winkler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Santos J Franco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Program of Pediatric Stem Cell Biology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|