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Adloo M, Bahadori M, Shojaeifard MB. The impact of hydroalcoholic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum plant on epileptic seizure induced by pentylenetetrazole in male rat. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim was to evaluate the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum root (APE) against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) drug which is used for inducing epileptic seizures in animal model.
Results
50 male rats were divided: control (without any intervention), positive control 1st (received PTZ 60 mg/kg, IP), first experimental group (PTZ + Extract 500 mg/kg, gavages, 30 min before PTZ), positive control 2nd (PTZ + Phaclofen, 200 µg/µl, ICV), and second experimental group (PTZ + extract 500 mg/kg, gavage, 30 min before PTZ + Phaclofen 200 µg/µl, ICV). Several parameters were assessed during 20 min and followed up for 1.5 h. Then, the data were analyzed. APE with a dose of 500 mg/kg increased the latency time of seizures in the first experimental group, compared to the positive control 1st, also, comparison of different groups in terms of Seizure Score at the 1st time (severity of first attack) had no significant difference (P-value = 0.51, P-value = 0.34). The mean of seizure attacks (event number) was significant between the first and second positive control groups (P-value = 0.01) and also between the second positive control and the first experimental group (P-value = 0.011). Significant changes were observed in the mean score of the first and second positive control groups (P-value = 0.001) and the first experimental and second positive control groups (P-value = 0.003). In addition, the second experimental group had significant changes compared to the first positive control group (P-value = 0.014), However, no significant changes were observed between the positive control and experimental groups in terms of the severity of seizures.
Conclusion
Results have shown both blocked GABAergic receptors A and B involved in epileptic seizures. In addition, APE root increased delay time of epileptic seizures, as well as reduces epileptic seizure in dose response state.
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Spasov A, Ozerov A, Kosolapov V, Gurova N, Kucheryavenko A, Naumenko L, Babkov D, Sirotenko V, Taran A, Borisov A, Sokolova E, Klochkov V, Merezhkina D, Miroshnikov M, Ovsyankina N, Smirnov A, Velikorodnaya Y. Guanidine Derivatives of Quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-Dione as NHE-1 Inhibitors and Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101647. [PMID: 36295082 PMCID: PMC9605072 DOI: 10.3390/life12101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinazolines are a rich source of bioactive compounds. Previously, we showed NHE-1 inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, intraocular pressure lowering, and antiglycating activity for a series of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones and quinazoline-4(3H)-one guanidine derivatives. In the present work, novel N1,N3-bis-substituted quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives bearing two guanidine moieties were synthesized and pharmacologically profiled. The most potent NHE-1 inhibitor 3a also possesses antiplatelet and intraocular-pressure-reducing activity. Compound 4a inhibits NO synthesis and IL-6 secretion in murine macrophages without immunotoxicity and alleviates neutrophil infiltration, edema, and tissue lesions in a model of LPS-induced acute lung injury. Hence, we considered quinazoline derivative 4a as a potential agent for suppression of cytokine-mediated inflammatory response and acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Spasov
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 400087 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Alexander Ozerov
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 400087 Volgograd, Russia
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Vadim Kosolapov
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 400087 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Natalia Gurova
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Aida Kucheryavenko
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Ludmila Naumenko
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Denis Babkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 400087 Volgograd, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9889608025
| | - Viktor Sirotenko
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Alena Taran
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Alexander Borisov
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 400087 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Elena Sokolova
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Vladlen Klochkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 400087 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Darya Merezhkina
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Mikhail Miroshnikov
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Ovsyankina
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Alexey Smirnov
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Volgograd State Medical University, 400131 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Yulia Velikorodnaya
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Volgograd State Medical University, 400131 Volgograd, Russia
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A comparative brain Toxico-Pharmacokinetics study of a developed tannic acid nanoparticles in the treatment of epilepsy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Essawy AE, El-Sayed SA, Tousson E, Abd El-Gawad HS, Alhasani RH, Abd Elkader HTAE. Anti-kindling effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and L-carnitine in the pentylenetetrazol model of epilepsy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:48573-48587. [PMID: 35194715 PMCID: PMC9252962 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common serious brain disorders, affecting about 1% of the population all over the world. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) and L-carnitine (LC) reportedly possess the antioxidative activity and neuroprotective potential. In this report, we investigated the possible protective and therapeutic effects of GbE and LC against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptic seizures in rat hippocampus and hypothalamus. Adult male albino rats were equally divided into eight groups: control, GbE (100 mg/kg), LC (300 mg/kg), PTZ (40 mg/kg), protective groups (GbE + PTZ and LC + PTZ), and therapeutic groups (PTZ + GbE and PTZ + LC). The oxidative stress, antioxidant, and neurochemical parameters, viz., malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), acetylcholine esterase (AchE), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT), in the hippocampal and hypothalamic regions have been evaluated. PTZ injection leads to an increase in the seizure score, the levels of MDA and NO, and to a decrease in the activity of GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx. Besides, monoamine neurotransmitters, DA, NE, and 5-HT, were depleted in PTZ-kindled rats. Furthermore, PTZ administration caused a significant elevation in the activity of AchE. Hippocampal and hypothalamic sections from PTZ-treated animals were characterized by severe histopathological alterations and, intensely, increased the ezrin immunolabeled astrocytes. Pre- and post-treatment of PTZ rats with GbE and LC suppressed the kindling acquisition process and remarkably alleviated all the aforementioned PTZ-induced effects. GbE and LC have potent protective and therapeutic effects against PTZ-induced kindling seizures via the amelioration of oxidative/antioxidative imbalance, neuromodulatory, and antiepileptic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina E Essawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Soad Ahmed El-Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Isolation of Thymol from Trachyspermum ammi Fruits for Treatment of Diabetes and Diabetic Neuropathy in STZ-Induced Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8263999. [PMID: 35528161 PMCID: PMC9071892 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8263999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids and phenols from Trachyspermum ammi (T. ammi) have reported some pharmacological actions. The objective of the work was to isolate the active constituent, its identification by spectroscopic techniques, and evaluation of the antidiabetic and neuroprotective activity from T. ammi on STZ Wistar rats. The dried fruits of T ammi were kept in a hydrodistillation apparatus to collect essential oil. The isolated fraction went through TLC, UV, FTIR, HPLC, HRMS, C13, and 1H NMR for characterization. Two dosage concentrations from the isolated compound were prepared as 10 and 20 mg/kg for treatment groups. The groups were tested for thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, writhing, grip strength, spontaneous locomotor test, neuromuscular coordination tests, and histopathological and lipid profile analysis. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg i.p.) and 12 weeks of treatment-induced diabetic neuropathy in Wistar rats. Biomarkers were evaluated to understand the neuropathic protection of thymol on STZ-treated Wistar rats. The biomarker studies (SOD, NO, LPO, Na+K+ATPase, and TNF-α) further confirmed thymol's diabetic neuropathy protective action. This study suggests that isolated compound thymol was antidiabetic and neuroprotective as it has shown controlled glucose levels defensive nerve damage in STZ Wistar rats. P < 0.05 level of significance was observed in the levels of endogenous biomarkers, fasting blood glucose levels, actophotometer response, and response latency in treated groups compared to the diabetic group, whereas P < 0.001 level of significance during lipid profile levels, thermal algesia, and neuromuscular comparison tests was noted in treated groups compared to the diabetic group.
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Spasov A, Ozerov A, Vassiliev P, Kosolapov V, Gurova N, Kucheryavenko A, Naumenko L, Babkov D, Sirotenko V, Taran A, Litvinov R, Borisov A, Klochkov V, Merezhkina D, Miroshnikov M, Uskov G, Ovsyankina N. Synthesis and multifaceted pharmacological activity of novel quinazoline NHE-1 inhibitors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24380. [PMID: 34934125 PMCID: PMC8692498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE-1) attracts ongoing attention as a validated drug target for the management of cardiovascular and ocular diseases owing to cytoprotective, anti-ischemic and anti-inflammatory properties of NHE-1 inhibitors. Herein we report novel NHE-1 inhibitors realized via functionalization of N1-alkyl quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione and quinazoline-4(3H)-one with N-acylguanidine or 3-acyl(5-amino-1,2,4-triazole) side chain. Lead compounds show activity in a nanomolar range. Their pharmacophoric features were elucidated with neural network modeling. Several compounds combine NHE-1 inhibition with antiplatelet activity. Compound 6b reduces intraocular pressure in rats and effectively inhibits the formation of glycated proteins. Compounds 3e and 3i inhibit pro-inflammatory activation of murine macrophages, LPS-induced interleukin-6 secretion and also exhibit antidepressant activity similar to amiloride. Hence, novel compounds represent an interesting starting point for the development of agents against cardiovascular diseases, thrombotic events, excessive inflammation, long-term diabetic complications and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Spasov
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131 ,grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400087
| | - Alexander Ozerov
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400087 ,grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131
| | - Pavel Vassiliev
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131 ,grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400087
| | - Vadim Kosolapov
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131 ,grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400087
| | - Natalia Gurova
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131 ,grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400087
| | - Aida Kucheryavenko
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131
| | - Ludmila Naumenko
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131
| | - Denis Babkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, 400131. .,Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, 400087.
| | - Viktor Sirotenko
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131 ,grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400087
| | - Alena Taran
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131 ,grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400087
| | - Roman Litvinov
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131 ,grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400087
| | - Alexander Borisov
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400087
| | - Vladlen Klochkov
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131
| | - Darya Merezhkina
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131
| | - Mikhail Miroshnikov
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131 ,grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400087
| | - Georgy Uskov
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131
| | - Nadezhda Ovsyankina
- grid.445050.00000 0000 8790 3085Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia 400131
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Adil MS, Narayanan SP, Somanath PR. Is amiloride a promising cardiovascular medication to persist in the COVID-19 crisis? Drug Discov Ther 2020; 14:256-258. [PMID: 33116037 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2020.03070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the ongoing coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) crisis that caused immense suffering and deaths, the choice of therapy for the prevention and life-saving conditions must be based on sound scientific evidence. Uncertainty and apprehension are exacerbated in people using angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to control their comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. These drugs are reported to result in unfavorable outcome as they tend to increase the levels of ACE2 which mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2. Amiloride, a prototypic inhibitor of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) can be an ideal candidate for COVID-19 patients, given its ACE reducing and cytosolic pH increasing effects. Moreover, its potassium-sparing and anti-epileptic activities make it a promising alternative or a combinatorial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir S Adil
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
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Saraswat N, Sachan N, Chandra P. Anti-diabetic, diabetic neuropathy protective action and mechanism of action involving oxidative pathway of chlorogenic acid isolated from Selinum vaginatum roots in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05137. [PMID: 33088940 PMCID: PMC7566111 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytopharmaceuticals have always reported vital roles in the field of medicine hence the need to investigate safe and efficient drugs for treating metabolic disorders is very significant. Roots of Selinum vaginatum have therapeutic benefits and are widely used by the people of the Rohtang region for treating diabetes and its associated complications. The present study focusses on the isolation of the bioactive from the S. vaginatum roots for estimating acute toxicity studies, anti-diabetic and diabetic neuropathy protective action along with the mechanism of action in STZ induced Wistar rats. The Selinum vaginatum roots were collected from the Rohtang region, Himalayas. Chlorogenic acid was isolated and underwent identification by UV, HPLC, 1H NMR, C13 NMR, Mass, and FTIR spectroscopy methods. Chlorogenic acid was dosed at 10 and 20 mg/kg to observe the effects on experimentally induced diabetes and with time generated diabetic neuropathic complications. Biomarkers TNF-α, superoxide dismutase, nitrosative stress, lipid peroxide profile, and membrane-bound inorganic phosphate were analyzed. Histopathological evaluation of the liver and sciatic nerve was performed for all groups. Parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight, food intake, Thermal Hyperalgesia, Writhing, Cold Hyperalgesia Responses, Mechanical hyperalgesia, Grip Strength, Spontaneous Locomotor (Exploratory) Test, Neuromuscular Coordination tests, and lipid profile analysis showcased the anti-diabetic and diabetic neuropathy protective action of the drug. Inflammation, degradation, and necrosis were found to be reduced in the liver and sciatic nerve cells of treated groups. All the biomarkers used to analyze the oxidative pathway were significantly replenished indicates that chlorogenic acid produces these effects through this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Saraswat
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur-Agra-Delhi National Highway-2, Bhauti, Kanpur (UP), 209 305, India
| | - Neetu Sachan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Delhi Road (NH-24), Moradabad (UP), 244 102, India
| | - Phool Chandra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Delhi Road (NH-24), Moradabad (UP), 244 102, India
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Bonnet U, Wiemann M. Topiramate Decelerates Bicarbonate-Driven Acid-Elimination of Human Neocortical Neurons: Strategic Significance for its Antiepileptic, Antimigraine and Neuroprotective Properties. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:264-275. [PMID: 32496992 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200604173208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian central neurons regulate their intracellular pH (pHi) strongly and even slight pHi-fluctuations can influence inter-/intracellular signaling, synaptic plasticity and excitability. OBJECTIVE For the first time, we investigated topiramate´s (TPM) influence on pHi-behavior of human central neurons representing a promising target for anticonvulsants and antimigraine drugs. METHODS In slice-preparations of tissue resected from the middle temporal gyrus of five adults with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, BCECF-AM-loaded neocortical pyramidal-cells were investigated by fluorometry. The pHi-regulation was estimated by using the recovery-slope from intracellular acidification after an Ammonium-Prepulse (APP). RESULTS Among 17 pyramidal neurons exposed to 50 μM TPM, seven (41.24%) responded with an altered resting-pHi (7.02±0.12), i.e., acidification of 0.01-0.03 pH-units. The more alkaline the neurons, the greater the TPM-related acidifications (r=0.7, p=0.001, n=17). The recovery from APPacidification was significantly slowed under TPM (p<0.001, n=5). Further experiments using nominal bicarbonate-free (n=2) and chloride-free (n=2) conditions pointed to a modulation of the HCO3 -- driven pHi-regulation by TPM, favoring a stimulation of the passive Cl-/HCO3 --antiporter (CBT) - an acid-loader predominantly in more alkaline neurons. CONCLUSION TPM modulated the bicarbonate-driven pHi-regulation, just as previously described in adult guinea-pig hippocampal neurons. We discussed the significance of the resulting subtle acidifications for beneficial antiepileptic, antimigraine and neuroprotective effects as well as for unwanted cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Bonnet
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University Duisburg-Essen, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiemann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,IBE R&D gGmbH, Institute for Lung Health, D-48149 Munster, Germany
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Ahmad N, Ahmad R, Alrasheed RA, Almatar HMA, Al-Ramadan AS, Amir M, Sarafroz M. Quantification and Evaluations of Catechin Hydrate Polymeric Nanoparticles Used in Brain Targeting for the Treatment of Epilepsy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030203. [PMID: 32120778 PMCID: PMC7150881 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To formulate novel chitosan (CS)-coated-PLGA-nanoparticles (NPs) using a central composite design approach and use them in order to improve brain bioavailability for catechin hydrate (CH) through direct nose-to-central nervous system (CNS) delivery for the evaluation of a comparative biodistribution study of CH by the newly developed ultra high performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy (UHPLC-MS/MS) method in the treatment of epilepsy. For PLGA-NPs' preparation, a double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was used, where a four-factor, three-level central composite design was used to obtain the best nanoformulation. For the optimization, four independent variables were chosen, that is, PLGA, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sonication time, and temperature. The optimized PLGA-NPs were further coated with chitosan and assessed for drug release, nasal permeation study, as well as a comparative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. Independent and dependent variables helped to optimize the best nanoformulation based on the composition of PLGA (50.0 mg), PVA (1.10%), sonication time (90.0 s), and temperature (25.0 °C). The values of dependent variables were observed, such as polydispersity index (PDI), particle size, and zeta potential (ZP)-that is, 0.106 ± 0.01, 93.46 ± 3.94 nm, and -12.63 ± 0.08 mV, respectively. The ZPs of CS-coated PLGA-NPs were changed from negative to positive value with some alteration in the distribution of particle size. Excellent mucoadhesive-nature of CS-CH-PLGA-NPs as compared with CH-S and CH-PLGA-NPs was seen, with a retention time of 0.856 min and m/z of 289.23/245.20 for CH, together with a retention time of 1.04 min and m/z of 301.21/151.21 for Quercetin as an internal standard (IS). For a linear range (1-1000 ng mL-1), % accuracy (93.07-99.41%) and inter- and intraday % precision (0.39-4.90%) were determined. The improved Cmax with area under curve (AUC)0-24 was found to be highly significant (p < 0.001) in Wistar rats' brain as compared with the i.n. and i.v. treated group based on the pharmacokinetics (PK) results. Furthermore, CS-CH-PLGA-NPs were found to be more significant (p < 0.001) for the treatment of seizure threshold rodent models, that is, increasing current electroshock and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. A significant role of CS-CH-PLGA-NPs was observed, that is, p < 0.001, for the enhancement of brain bioavailability and the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 314441, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (H.M.A.A.); (A.S.A.-R.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 314441, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-13-333-5541 or +966-531203626; Fax: +966-13-333-0290
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 314441, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Ridha Abdullah Alrasheed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 314441, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (H.M.A.A.); (A.S.A.-R.)
| | - Hassan Mohammed Ali Almatar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 314441, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (H.M.A.A.); (A.S.A.-R.)
| | - Abdullah Sami Al-Ramadan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 314441, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (H.M.A.A.); (A.S.A.-R.)
| | - Mohd Amir
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 314441, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Md Sarafroz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 314441, Saudi Arabia;
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Bonnet U. The sour side of vitamin C might mediate neuroprotective, anticonvulsive and antidepressant-like effects. Med Hypotheses 2019; 131:109320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Uchitel J, Helseth A, Prange L, McLean M, Ghusayni R, Sachdev M, Hunanyan A, Mikati MA. The epileptology of alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Neurology 2019; 93:e1248-e1259. [PMID: 31484714 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report our experience and investigate 5 original hypotheses: (1) multiple types of epileptic seizures occur in alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), and these can be the initial presentation; (2) epileptiform abnormalities often appear well after clinical seizures; (3) nonepileptic reduced awareness spells (RAS) occur frequently; (4) epilepsy is commonly drug resistant but may respond to vagal nerve stimulation (VNS); and (5) status epilepticus (SE) is common and is usually refractory and recurrent. METHODS We analyzed a cohort of 51 consecutive patients with AHC. RESULTS Thirty-two of 51 patients had epilepsy: 18 focal seizures, frontal more frequently than temporal, and then posterior. Eleven had primary generalized seizures (tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and/or absence). Epileptic seizures preceded other AHC paroxysmal events in 8 (lag 5.63 ± 6.55 months; p = 0.0365). In 7 of 32, initial EEGs were normal, with the first epileptiform EEG lagging behind by 3.53 ± 4.65 years (p = 0.0484). RAS occurred equally in patients with epilepsy (16 of 32) and patients without epilepsy (10 of 19, p = 1.0). Twenty-eight patients had video-EEG; captured RAS showed no concomitant EEG changes. Nineteen patients (59%) were drug resistant. VNS resulted in >50% reduction in seizures in 5 of 6 (p < 0.04). Twelve patients (38%) had SE (9 of 12 multiple episodes), refractory/superrefractory in all (p < 0.001), and 4 of 12 had regression after SE. CONCLUSIONS Epilepsy in AHC can be focal or generalized. Epileptic seizures may be the first paroxysmal symptom. EEG may become epileptiform only on follow-up. Epilepsy, although frequently drug resistant, can respond to VNS. RAS are frequent and nonepileptic. SE often recurs and is usually refractory/superrefractory. Our observations are consistent with current data on AHC-ATP1A3 pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Uchitel
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Health System, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC
| | - Ashley Helseth
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Health System, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC
| | - Lyndsey Prange
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Health System, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC
| | - Melissa McLean
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Health System, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC
| | - Ryan Ghusayni
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Health System, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC
| | - Monisha Sachdev
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Health System, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC
| | - Arsen Hunanyan
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Health System, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC
| | - Mohamad A Mikati
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Health System, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC.
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Wu X, Chen Z, Sun W, Wang G, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zang K, Wang Y. Activation of Kir2.3 Channels by Tenidap Suppresses Epileptiform Burst Discharges in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:621-630. [PMID: 31389319 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190807122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Tenidap, a selective human inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) 2.3 channel opener, has been reported to have antiepileptic effect in the pilocarpine temporal lobe epilepsy rat model in our previous study. However, the effect of tenidap on neurons and its relationship with the epileptiform bursting charges in neuron is still required to be explored. METHODS In this study, cyclothiazide (CTZ) induced cultured hippocampal neuron epileptic model was used to study the antiepileptic effect of tenidap and the relationship between Kir2.3 channel and the neuronal epileptiform burst. RESULTS Patch clamp recording showed that both acute (2h) and chronic (48h) CTZ pre-treatment all significantly induced robust epileptiform burst activities in cultured hippocampal neurons, and tenidap acutely application inhibited this highly synchronized abnormal activities. The effect of tenidap is likely due to increased activity of Kir2.3 channels, since tenidap significantly enhanced kir current recorded from those neurons. In addition, neurons overexpressing Kir2.3 channels, by transfection with Kir2.3 plasmid, showed a significant large increase of the Kir current, prevented CTZ treatment to induce epileptiform burst discharge. CONCLUSION Our current study demonstrated that over activation of Kir2.3 channel in hippocampal neurons could positively interference with epileptiform burst activities, and tenidap, as a selective Kir2.3 channel opener, could be a potential candidate for seizure therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wanbing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Zang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Wang H, Li X, Zhangsun D, Yu G, Su R, Luo S. The α9α10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist αO-Conotoxin GeXIVA[1,2] Alleviates and Reverses Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050265. [PMID: 31060282 PMCID: PMC6562493 DOI: 10.3390/md17050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum drug and is widely used as a first-line therapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, a large number of patients receiving oxaliplatin develop dose-limiting painful neuropathy. Here, we report that αO-conotoxin GeXIVA[1,2], a highly potent and selective antagonist of the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype, can relieve and reverse oxaliplatin-induced mechanical and cold allodynia after single and repeated intramuscular (IM) injections in rats. Treatments were started at 4 days post oxaliplatin injection when neuropathic pain emerged and continued for 8 and 16 days. Cold score and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were detected by the acetone test and von Frey test respectively. GeXIVA[1,2] significantly relieved mechanical and cold allodynia in oxaliplatin-treated rats after a single injection. After repeated treatments, GeXIVA[1,2] produced a cumulative analgesic effect without tolerance and promoted recovery from neuropathic pain. Moreover, the long lasting analgesic effect of GeXIVA[1,2] on mechanical allodynia continued until day 10 after the termination of the 16-day repeated treatment procedure. On the contrary, GeXIVA[1,2] did not affect acute mechanical and thermal pain behaviors in normal rats after repeated injections detected by the von Frey test and tail flick test. GeXIVA[1,2] had no influence on rat hind limb grip strength and body weight after repeated treatments. These results indicate that αO-conotoxin GeXIVA[1,2] could provide a novel strategy to treat chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ruibin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Sulan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
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Bonnet U, Bingmann D, Speckmann EJ, Wiemann M. Levetiracetam mediates subtle pH-shifts in adult human neocortical pyramidal cells via an inhibition of the bicarbonate-driven neuronal pH-regulation - Implications for excitability and plasticity modulation. Brain Res 2019; 1710:146-156. [PMID: 30590026 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular pH (pHi) of mammalian central neurons is tightly regulated and small pHi-fluctuations can fine-tune inter-/intracellular signaling, excitability, and synaptic plasticity. The research-gap about the pHi-regulation of human brain neurons is addressed here by testing possible influences of the anticonvulsant levetiracetam (LEV). BCECF-AM-loaded neocortical pyramidal cells were fluorometrically investigated in slice-preparations of tissue resected from the middle temporal gyrus of five adults with intractable temporal-lobe epilepsy. Recovery-slope from intracellular acidification following an ammonium prepulse (APP) was used to measure the pHi-regulation. Among twenty pyramidal cells exposed to 50 μM LEV, the resting pHi (7.09 ± 0.14) was lowered in eight (40%) neurons, on average by 0.02 ± 0.011 pH-units. In three (15%) and nine (45%) neurons, a minimal alkaline shift (0.017 ± 0.004 pH-units) and no pHi-shift occurred, respectively. The LEV-induced pHi-shifts were positively correlated with the resting pHi (r = 0.6, p = 0.006, n = 20). In five neurons, which all had responded on LEV with an acidification before, the recovery from APP-acidification was significantly delayed during LEV (p < 0.001). This inhibitory LEV-effect on pHi-regulation i) was similar to that of 200 μM 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (n = 2) and ii) did not occur under nominal bicarbonate-free conditions (n = 2). Thus, LEV lowered the pHi of human neocortical pyramidal cells most likely by a weakening of the transmembrane HCO3(-)-mediated acid-extrusion. This might contribute to LEV's anticonvulsive potency. Neurons with more acidic resting pHi-values showed a minimal alkalization upon LEV providing a mechanism for paradoxical proconvulsive LEV-effects rarely observed in epilepsy patients. The significance of these subtle pHi-shifts for cortical excitability and plasticity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Bonnet
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University Duisburg-Essen, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Dieter Bingmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Wiemann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; IBE R&D gGmbH, Institute for Lung Health, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Yazdani MA, Anwar MJ, Parveen B, Vohora D. Comparative Evaluation of A Partial Dopamine Agonist with A Preferential D2 and D3 Receptor Antagonist on Ethanol Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2211556007666180705130103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The role of dopamine receptor sub-families in the rewarding and reinforcing
effects of drugs of abuse has been established in numerous studies.
</P><P>
Objectives: In view of the extensive role of mesolimbic dopaminergic transmission in rewarding
and reinforcing effect of abused drugs including ethanol, the present study evaluated
three mechanistically different drugs viz a partial dopaminergic agonist (PDA, aripiprazole),
preferential D3 (mixed D2/D3) receptor antagonist (nafadotride), and a preferential D2 antagonist
(haloperidol), on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice.
</P><P>
Method: The study was carried out in Swiss strain albino mice. Ethanol (20%, 2g/kg) was
used to induce CPP in mice. After the acquisition of CPP, behavioral tests (elevated plus
maze and locomotor activity) were conducted and effect of drugs on expression and on reinstatement
(after extinction) was studied.
Results:
We found that aripiprazole (1 and 2 mg/kg but not 0.5mg/kg), haloperidol (0.2
mg/kg), and nafadotride (4.5 mg/kg) administered for 1 week during the conditioning phase
prevented acquisition, expression and reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP. All the three
drugs reduced the ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and produced antianxiety effects in
elevated plus maze following the acquisition of ethanol CPP.
Conclusion:
Partial dopaminergic agonism by aripiprazole was found to be a better strategy
for normalizing dopaminergic neurotransmission in alcoholics as seen in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akmal Yazdani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Muhammad Jamir Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Ahmad N, Ahmad R, Alam MA, Ahmad FJ, Amir M. Impact of ultrasonication techniques on the preparation of novel Amiloride-nanoemulsion used for intranasal delivery in the treatment of epilepsy. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S192-S207. [PMID: 30032652 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1489826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To develop a nanoemulsion-nanoformulation in order to enhance brain bioavailability for Amiloride (Amilo) via intranasal (i.n.) drug delivery in the brain. MATERIAL AND METHODS Oleic Acid, Tween-20 and Carbitol were selected as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. For nanoemulsion preparation, an aqueous micro titration method followed by a high energy ultra-sonication method was used whereas three-factor three-level central composite design was employed to get the best formulation. The independent variables selected for the optimization were %oil, % Surfactant and co-surfactant (Smix) and sonication time (seconds). RESULTS Based on the constraints applied for independent and dependent variables, the optimized formulation was selected with 2.5% oil, 10% Smix and a sonication time of 45 s. The experimental values observed for dependent variables such as hydrodynamic diameter (nm), % transmittance and % cumulative drug release were found to be 89.36 ± 11.18 nm, 99.23 ± 0.84% and 80.36 ± 5.48%, respectively. Results showed; a spherical shape (transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy - assisted morphological characterization), polydispersity index (0.231 ± 0.018), zeta potential (-9.83 ± 0.12 mV), refractive index (1.38 ± 0.042), viscosity (41 ± 5 cp), pH (6.4 ± 0.18) and drug content of 98.28 ± 0.29%, for optimized Amiloride-loaded-Nanoemulsion (Amilo-NE). For bioavailability evaluation, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy based bioanalytical method was developed and validated for pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, brain-targeting efficiency (1992.67 ± 45.63%) and nose-to-brain transport (586.18 ± 11.63%) whereby an enhanced Amilo-brain bioavailability was observed as compared to intravenous administration (i.v.). Furthermore, Amilo-NE enhanced the treatment in seizure threshold i.e. both rodent models of epilepsy (increasing current electroshock and pentylenetetrazole) induced seizures in mice. CONCLUSION A significant role of Amilo-NE as observed after high targeting potential and efficiency of the formulation supports the easy brain targeting for Amilo-NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ahmad
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy , Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- b Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy , Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- c Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Medical and Allied Sciences , Galgotias University , Gautam Budh Nagar , Greater Noida , India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- d Nanomedicine Lab , Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar , New Delhi , India
| | - Mohd Amir
- b Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy , Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Inhibition of Acid Sensing Ion Channel 3 Aggravates Seizures by Regulating NMDAR Function. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1227-1241. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Acid-Sensing Ion Channels as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3728096. [PMID: 29056828 PMCID: PMC5625748 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3728096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are a family of proton-sensing channels that are voltage insensitive, cation selective (mostly permeable to Na+), and nonspecifically blocked by amiloride. Derived from 5 genes (ACCN1-5), 7 subunits have been identified, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3, 4, and 5, that are widely expressed in the peripheral and central nervous system as well as other tissues. Over the years, different studies have shown that activation of these channels is linked to various physiological and pathological processes, such as memory, learning, fear, anxiety, ischemia, and multiple sclerosis to name a few, so their potential as therapeutic targets is increasing. This review focuses on recent advances that have helped us to better understand the role played by ASICs in different pathologies related to neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory processes, and pain.
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Inhibition of 17-beta-estradiol on neuronal excitability via enhancing GIRK1-mediated inwardly rectifying potassium currents and GIRK1 expression. J Neurol Sci 2017; 375:335-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ahmad N, Ahmad R, Naqvi AA, Alam MA, Ashafaq M, Iqbal Z, Ahmad FJ. Isolation, characterization, and quantification of curcuminoids and their comparative effects in cerebral ischemia. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1293549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Dammam University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Dammam University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Atta Abbas Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Mohammad Ashafaq
- Neuroscience and Toxicology Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Ahmad N, Ahmad R, Abbas Naqvi A, Ashafaq M, Alam MA, Ahmad FJ, Al-Ghamdi MS. The effect of safranal loaded mucoadhesive nanoemulsion on oxidative stress markers in cerebral ischemia. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:775-787. [PMID: 27609117 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1228659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants, with reported neuroprotective activity, encounter free radical induced neural damage leading to reduced risk of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Safranal, an antioxidant drug with potential role in the amelioration of cerebral ischemia, endures low solubility and poor absorption property thus resulting a low serum and tissue bioavailability. This research aims to prepare nanoemulsion with the concept; to increase the bioavailability in order to reduce oxidative stress-induced brain injury as well as to evaluate the brain-drug targeting following non-invasive nasal route administration in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model. Titration method was used to prepare safranal mucoadhesive nanoemulsion (SMNE) followed by further characterization, i.e. entrapment efficiency, particles size, and zeta potential study. Optimized SMNE showed; mean globule size of 89.64 nm (±9.12), zeta potential -11.39 mV (±1.32), drug content 98.47% (±1.01), and viscosity of 124 cp (±14). Rats were subjected to 2 h of MCAO, successively followed by a 22 h reperfusion, after which the grip strength, locomotor activity, and biochemical studies, i.e. glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were studied as assessment tool for effective treatment in brain. SMNE administered i.n. (intranasal) in MCAO induced cerebral ischemia rats exhibited significant improvement in neurobehavioral (locomotor and grip strength) and antioxidant activity as well as histopathological studies. The toxicity studies performed at the end revealed safe nature of developed SMNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ahmad
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy , Dammam University , Dammam , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- b Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy , Dammam University , Dammam , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Atta Abbas Naqvi
- c Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy , University of Dammam , Dammam , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ashafaq
- d Neuroscience and Toxicology Unit , College of Pharmacy, Jazan University , Jazan , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- e Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Medical and Allied Sciences , Galgotias University , Gautam Budh Nagar , Greater , Noida , India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- f Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hamdard Nagar , Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India
| | - Mastour Safer Al-Ghamdi
- g Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy , University of Dammam , Dammam , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Yang F, Sun X, Ding Y, Ma H, Yang TO, Ma Y, Wei D, Li W, Xu T, Jiang W. Astrocytic Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a Contributes to the Development of Chronic Epileptogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31581. [PMID: 27526777 PMCID: PMC4985693 DOI: 10.1038/srep31581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis after brain injury is an unmet medical challenge. Although histopathological studies have revealed that reactive astrogliosis and tissue acidosis are prominent features in epileptogenic foci, their roles in epileptogenesis remain unclear. Here, we explored whether astrocytic acid-sensing ion channel-1a (ASIC1a) contributes to the development of chronic epilepsy. High levels of ASIC1a were measured in reactive astrocytes in the hippocampi of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and epileptic mice. Extracellular acidosis caused a significant Ca2+ influx in cultured astrocytes, and this influx was sensitive to inhibition by the ASIC1a-specific blocker psalmotoxin 1 (PcTX1). In addition, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors carrying a GFAP promoter in conjunction with ASIC1a shRNA or cDNA were generated to suppress or restore, respectively, ASIC1a expression in astrocytes. Injection of rAAV-ASIC1a-shRNA into the dentate gyrus of the wide type TLE mouse model resulted in the inhibition of astrocytic ASIC1a expression and a reduction in spontaneous seizures. By contrast, rAAV-ASIC1a-cDNA restored astrocytic ASIC1a expression in an ASIC1a knock-out TLE mouse model and increased the frequency of spontaneous seizures. Taken together, our results reveal that astrocytic ASIC1a may be an attractive new target for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yinxiu Ding
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tangpeng Ou Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Banach M, Popławska M, Błaszczyk B, Borowicz KK, Czuczwar SJ. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations for epilepsy - depression comorbidities. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:1067-80. [PMID: 27267259 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2016.1198319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epilepsy may be frequently associated with psychiatric disorders and its co-existence with depression usually results in the reduced quality of life of patients with epilepsy. Also, the efficacy of antiepileptic treatment in depressed patients with epilepsy may be significantly reduced. AREAS COVERED Results of experimental studies indicate that antidepressants co-administered with antiepileptic drugs may either increase their anticonvulsant activity, remain neutral or decrease the protective action of antiepileptic drugs in models of seizures. Apart from purely pharmacodynamic interactions, pharmacokinetic mechanisms have been proven to contribute to the final outcome. We report on clinical data regarding the pharmacokinetic interactions of enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs with various antidepressants, whose plasma concentration may be significantly reduced. On the other hand, antidepressants (especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) may influence the metabolism of antiepileptics, in many cases resulting in the elevation of plasma concentration of antiepileptic drugs. EXPERT OPINION The preclinical data may provide valuable clues on how to combine these two groups of drugs - antidepressant drugs neutral or potentiating the anticonvulsant action of antiepileptics are recommended in this regard. Avoidance of antidepressants clearly decreasing the convulsive threshold or decreasing the anticonvulsant efficacy of antiepileptic drugs (f.e. bupropion or mianserin) in patients with epilepsy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Banach
- a Experimental Neuropathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology , Medical University , Lublin , Poland
| | - Monika Popławska
- a Experimental Neuropathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology , Medical University , Lublin , Poland
| | - Barbara Błaszczyk
- b Faculty of Health Sciences , High School of Economics, Law and Medical Sciences , Kielce , Poland
| | - Kinga K Borowicz
- a Experimental Neuropathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology , Medical University , Lublin , Poland
| | - Stanisław J Czuczwar
- c Department of Pathophysiology , Medical University , Lublin , Poland.,d Department of Physiopathology , Institute of Rural Health , Lublin , Poland
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25
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Ahmad N, Ahmad R, Naqvi AA, Alam MA, Ashafaq M, Samim M, Iqbal Z, Ahmad FJ. Rutin-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles targeted to the brain in the treatment of Cerebral Ischemia. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:640-55. [PMID: 27264648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rutin, a potent antioxidant, has been reported to reduce the risk of ischemic disease. Our study aims to prepare rutin-encapsulated-chitosan nanoparticles (RUT-CS-NPs) via ionic gelation method and determine its results, based on different parameters i.e. surface morphology characterization, in-vitro or ex-vivo release, dynamic light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), for treating cerebral ischemia. METHODS UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to evaluate the optimized RT-CS-NPs1 for brain-drug uptake as well as to follow-up the pharmacokinetics, bio-distrbution, brain-targeting efficiency and potential after intranasal administration (i.n.). KEY FINDINGS A particle size of <100nm for the formulation, significantly affected by drug:CS ratio, and entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of 84.98%±4.18% and 39.48%±3.16%, respectively were observed for RUT. Pharmacokinetics, bio-distribution, brain-targeting efficiency (1443.48±39.39%) and brain drug-targeting potential (93.00±5.69%) showed enhanced bioavailability for RUT in brain as compared to intravenous administration. In addition; improved neurobehavioral activity, histopathology and reduced infarction volume effects were observed in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced cerebral ischemic rats model after i.n. administration of RUT-CS-NPs. CONCLUSION A significant role of mucoadhesive-RT-CS-NPs1 as observed after high targeting potential and efficiency of the formulation prove; RUT-CS-NPs are more effectively accessed and target easily the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Dammam University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Dammam University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atta Abbas Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Mohammad Ashafaq
- Neuroscience and Toxicology Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Samim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
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26
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Gasem MAT. Effect of monosodium glutamate and aspartame on behavioral and biochemical parameters of male albino mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.15199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Du C, Zheng F, Wang X. Exploring novel AEDs from drugs used for treatment of non-epileptic disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:449-61. [PMID: 27010915 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2016.1158101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease. Although many anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) have been developed for clinical use, they have no effect on 20-30% of patients and do not generally prevent epileptogenesis. Because of the long development cycle for new AEDs and the high cost, increasing efforts are being made to find anti-epileptic effects among drugs that are already listed for the treatment of other diseases and repurpose them as potential anti-epileptic treatments. Here, we review the progress that has been made in this field as a result of animal and clinical trials of drugs such as rapamycin, everolimus, losartan, celecoxib, bumetanide and other non-epileptic drugs. These drugs can prevent the epileptogenesis, reduce the epileptic pathological changes, and even be used to treat intractable epilepsy. Their mechanisms of action are completely different from those of existing AEDs, prompting researchers to change their perspectives in the search for new AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Fangshuo Zheng
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xuenfeng Wang
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
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28
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Zhao H, Carney KE, Falgoust L, Pan JW, Sun D, Zhang Z. Emerging roles of Na⁺/H⁺ exchangers in epilepsy and developmental brain disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 138-140:19-35. [PMID: 26965387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by recurrent transient neurological events occurring due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. The CNS is affected by systemic acid-base disorders, and epileptic seizures are sensitive indicators of underlying imbalances in cellular pH regulation. Na(+)/H(+) exchangers (NHEs) are a family of membrane transporter proteins actively involved in regulating intracellular and organellar pH by extruding H(+) in exchange for Na(+) influx. Altering NHE function significantly influences neuronal excitability and plays a role in epilepsy. This review gives an overview of pH regulatory mechanisms in the brain with a special focus on the NHE family and the relationship between epilepsy and dysfunction of NHE isoforms. We first discuss how cells translocate acids and bases across the membrane and establish pH homeostasis as a result of the concerted effort of enzymes and ion transporters. We focus on the specific roles of the NHE family by detailing how the loss of NHE1 in two NHE mutant mice results in enhanced neuronal excitability in these animals. Furthermore, we highlight new findings on the link between mutations of NHE6 and NHE9 and developmental brain disorders including epilepsy, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These studies demonstrate the importance of NHE proteins in maintaining H(+) homeostasis and their intricate roles in the regulation of neuronal function. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying NHE1, 6, and 9 dysfunctions in epilepsy formation may advance the development of new epilepsy treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanshu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Karen E Carney
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lindsay Falgoust
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jullie W Pan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zhongling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Shafaroodi H, Barati S, Ghasemi M, Almasirad A, Moezi L. A role for ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the anticonvulsant effects of triamterene in mice. Epilepsy Res 2016; 121:8-13. [PMID: 26855365 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are reports indicating that diuretics including chlorothiazide, furosemide, ethacrynic acid, amiloride and bumetanide can have anticonvulsant properties. Intracellular acidification appears to be a mechanism for the anticonvulsant action of some diuretics. This study was conducted to investigate whether or not triamterene, a K(+)-sparing diuretic, can generate protection against seizures induced by intravenous or intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) models. And to see if, triamterene can withstand maximal electroshock seizure (MES) in mice. We also investigated to see if there is any connection between triamterene's anti-seizure effect and ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channels. Five days triamterene oral administration (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), significantly increased clonic seizure threshold which was induced by intravenous pentylenetetrazole. Triamterene (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) treatment also increased the latency of clonic seizure and decreased its frequency in intraperitoneal PTZ model. Administration of triamterene (20 mg/kg) also decreased the incidence of tonic seizure in MES-induced seizure. Co-administration of a KATP sensitive channel blocker, glibenclamide, in the 6th day, 60 min before intravenous PTZ blocked triamterene's anticonvulsant effect. A KATP sensitive channel opener, diazoxide, enhanced triamterene's anti-seizure effect in both intravenous PTZ or MES seizure models. At the end, triamterene exerts anticonvulsant effect in 3 seizure models of mice including intravenous PTZ, intraperitoneal PTZ and MES. The anti-seizure effect of triamterene probably is induced through KATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Shafaroodi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saghar Barati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Ali Almasirad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Moezi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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The Effects of Amiloride on Seizure Activity, Cognitive Deficits and Seizure-Induced Neurogenesis in a Novel Rat Model of Febrile Seizures. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:933-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Radu BM, Banciu A, Banciu DD, Radu M. Acid-Sensing Ion Channels as Potential Pharmacological Targets in Peripheral and Central Nervous System Diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 103:137-67. [PMID: 26920689 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are widely expressed in the body and represent good sensors for detecting protons. The pH drop in the nervous system is equivalent to ischemia and acidosis, and ASICs are very good detectors in discriminating slight changes in acidity. ASICs are important pharmacological targets being involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes affecting both the peripheral nervous system (e.g., peripheral pain, diabetic neuropathy) and the central nervous system (e.g., stroke, epilepsy, migraine, anxiety, fear, depression, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.). This review discusses the role played by ASICs in different pathologies and the pharmacological agents acting on ASICs that might represent promising drugs. As the majority of above-mentioned pathologies involve not only neuronal dysfunctions but also microvascular alterations, in the next future, ASICs may be also considered as potential pharmacological targets at the vasculature level. Perspectives and limitations in the use of ASICs antagonists and modulators as pharmaceutical agents are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Radu
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Physics, 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele, Romania.
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Tabassum R, Vaibhav K, Shrivastava P, Khan A, Ahmed ME, Ashafaq M, Khan MB, Islam F, Safhi MM, Islam F. Perillyl alcohol improves functional and histological outcomes against ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuation of oxidative stress and repression of COX-2, NOS-2 and NF-κB in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 747:190-9. [PMID: 25240714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Perillyl alcohol (PA) is a monoterpene found in essential oils of mints, cherries, citreous fruits and lemon grass, reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of PA in stroke is still illusive. Since oxidative stress and inflammation play a pivotal role in ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, this study was designed to elucidate the potential effects of PA against I-R induced pathology in rat׳s brain. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2h followed by 22h reperfusion in Wistar male rats (250-280g, 14-16 weeks old) induced the behavioral and histological alterations along with exhausted antioxidant status and enhanced inflammatory mediators. However, PA administration (25, 50 and 100mg/kg b.wt orally once daily for 7 days) prior to MCAO significantly attenuated neurological deficits related to flexion test and spontaneous motor activity, improved grip strength and motor coordination in a dose dependent manner. PA treatment also inhibited oxidative stress in MCAO rats as evident from decreased lipid peroxidation and augmented level of reduced glutathione and restored activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase and thus, reduced infarct volume and protected the brain histology after I-R injury. Furthermore, PA markedly suppressed the level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF α and IL-6) and down regulated expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in MCAO group. In conclusion, PA mediates neuroprotection against I-R injury via mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammation and thus, may be a good therapeutic approach in stroke prone patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Tabassum
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Pallavi Shrivastava
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Ejaz Ahmed
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Ashafaq
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M Badruzzaman Khan
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Farah Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammed M Safhi
- Neuroscience and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fakhrul Islam
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Ahmad MA, Najmi AK, Mujeeb M, Akhtar M. Neuroprotective effect of guggulipid alone and in combination with aspirin on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:438-47. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.939320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Quansah H, N'Gouemo P. Amiloride and SN-6 suppress audiogenic seizure susceptibility in genetically epilepsy-prone rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:860-6. [PMID: 24948133 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We have recently reported that amiloride, a potent and nonselective blocker of acid-sensing ion channels, prevents the development of pilocarpine-induced seizures and status epilepticus. Amiloride is also known to suppress the activity of Na(+) /Ca(2+) and Na(+) /H(+) exchangers that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of seizures. Here, we evaluated the effects of amiloride, SN-6 (a potent blocker of Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchangers) and zoniporide (a potent blocker of Na(+) /H(+) exchangers) on acoustically evoked seizures (audiogenic seizures, AGS) in genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR-3s), a model of inherited generalized epilepsy. METHODS Male, six-week-old GEPR-3s were used. The GEPR-3s were tested for AGS susceptibility before and after treatment with various doses of amiloride, SN-6, and zoniporide (1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg; per os). RESULTS We found that pretreatment with amiloride and SN-6 markedly reduced the incidence and severity of AGS in the GEPR-3s. In contrast, administration of zoniporide only minimally reduced the incidence and severity of AGS in the GEPR-3s. A combination of noneffective doses of SN-6 and zoniporide also suppressed AGS susceptibility in the GEPR-3s. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest acid-sensing ion channels and the Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchanger may play an important role in the pathophysiology of inherited AGS susceptibility in the GEPR-3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Quansah
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Akhtar M, Imam SS, Afroz Ahmad M, Najmi AK, Mujeeb M, Aqil M. Neuroprotective study of Nigella sativa-loaded oral provesicular lipid formulation: in vitro and ex vivo study. Drug Deliv 2014; 21:487-94. [PMID: 24601853 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.886640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this research was to develop proniosome (niosomes) of Nigella sativa (NS) to improve its drug release, gastrointestinal (GI) permeation and neuroprotective activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proniosomes were prepared by thin film method using various compositions of nonionic surfactants, cholesterol, and phosphatidylcholine. The optimum influence of different formulation variables of NS such as surfactant type, phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol concentration were optimized for size and entrapment efficiency. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results indicated that prepared niosome showed smaller size with high entrapment efficiency. The permeation enhancement ratio was found to be 2.16 in comparison to control with maximum flux value obtained was 7.23 µg/cm(2)/h for formulation NS6. The in vivo study revealed that the niosomal dispersion significantly improved neuroprotective activity in comparison to standard and control formulation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, developed proniosomal formulation could be one of the promising delivery system for NS with better drug release and GI permeation profiles and improved neuroprotective activity and merits for further study.
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36
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Ahmad N, Umar S, Ashafaq M, Akhtar M, Iqbal Z, Samim M, Ahmad FJ. A comparative study of PNIPAM nanoparticles of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin and their effects on oxidative stress markers in experimental stroke. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:1327-1338. [PMID: 23784381 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammatory damage play an important role in cerebral ischemic pathogenesis and may represent a target for treatment. The development of new strategies for enhancing drug delivery to the brain is of great importance in diagnostics and therapeutics of central nervous diseases. The present study examined the hypothesis that intranasal delivery of nanoformulation of curcuminoids would reduce oxidative stress-associated brain injury after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The rats were subjected to 2 h of MCAO followed by 22 h reperfusion, after which the grip strength, locomotor activity was performed. The effects of treatment in the rats were assessed by grip strength, locomotor activity and biochemical studies (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) in the brain. Pretreatment with polymeric N-isopropyl acryl amide (PNIPAM) nanoparticles formulation of all three curcuminoids (curcumin (Cur), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC)) at doses (100 μg/kg body weight) given intranasally was effective in bringing significant changes on all the parameters. While nanoformulation of curcumin at a dose of 100 μg/kg body weight was most active in the treatment of cerebral ischemia as compared to others nanoformulation of curcuminoids. The potency of antioxidant activity significantly decreased in the order of PNIPAM nanoformulation of Cur > DMC >> BDMC, thus suggesting the critical role of methoxy groups on the phenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ahmad
- Nanomedicine lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India,
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Yang YX, Chen YT, Zhou XJ, Hong CL, Li CY, Guo JY. Beta-asarone, a major component of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, attenuates focal cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:236. [PMID: 24066702 PMCID: PMC3853232 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemic hypoxic brain injury often causes irreversible brain damage. The lack of effective and widely applicable pharmacological treatments for ischemic stroke patients may explain a growing interest in traditional medicines. β-Asarone, which has significant pharmacological effects on the central nervous system (CNS), was used in the prevention of cerebral ischemia in this paper. Methods The right middle cerebral artery occlusion model was used in the study. The effects of β-Asarone on mortality rate, neurobehavior, grip strength, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione content, Lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione reductase activity, catalase activity, Na+-K+-ATPase activity and glutathione S transferase activity in a rat model were studied respectively. Results β-Asarone significantly improved the neurological outcome after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in terms of neurobehavioral function in rats. Meanwhile, supplementation of β-Asarone significantly boosted the defense mechanism against cerebral ischemia via increasing antioxidants activity related to lesion pathogenesis. Restoration of the antioxidant homeostasis in the brain after reperfusion may help the brain recover from ischemic injury. Conclusions These experimental results suggest that complement β-Asarone is protective against cerebral ischemia in specific way. The administration of β-Asarone could reduce focal cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury. The Mechanism of β-Asarone in protection of cerebral ischemia was via increasing antioxidants activity related to lesion pathogenesis.
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Akhtar M, Maikiyo AM, Najmi AK, Khanam R, Mujeeb M, Aqil M. Neuroprotective effects of chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of Nigella sativa seeds in stroke model of rat. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2013; 5:119-25. [PMID: 23833517 PMCID: PMC3697190 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Stroke still remains a challenge for the researchers and scientists for developing ideal drug. Several new drugs are being evaluated showing excellent results in preclinical studies but when tested in clinical trials, they failed. Many herbal drugs in different indigenous system of medicine claim to have beneficial effects but not extensively evaluated for stroke (cerebral ischemia). AIM: The present study was undertaken to evaluate chloroform and petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa seeds administered at a dose of 400 mg/kg, per orally for seven days in middle cerebral artery occluded (MCAO) rats for its neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for two hours followed by reperfusion for 22 hours. After 24 hours, grip strength, locomotor activity tests were performed in different treatment groups of rats. After completing behavioral tests, animals were sacrificed; brains were removed for the measurement of infarct volume followed by the estimation of markers of oxidative stress. RESULTS: Both chloroform and petroleum ether extracts-pretreated rats showed improvement in locomotor activity and grip strength, reduced infarct volume when compared with MCAO rats. MCA occlusion resulted in the elevation of levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), while a reduction in the levels of glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels were observed. Pre-treatment of both extracts of Nigella sativa showed reduction in TBARS, elevation in glutathione, SOD, and catalase levels when compared with MCAO rats. CONCLUSION: The chloroform and petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa showed the protective effects in cerebral ischemia. The present study confirms the antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties of Nigella sativa already reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Akhtar M, Maikiyo AM, Khanam R, Mujeeb M, Aqil M, Najmi AK. Ameliorating effects of two extracts of Nigella sativa in middle cerebral artery occluded rat. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2013; 4:70-5. [PMID: 22368403 PMCID: PMC3283961 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.92740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Nigella sativa (400 mg/kg, orally) for 7 days were administered and evaluated for their neuroprotective effects on middle cerebral artery occluded (MCAO) rats. Materials and Methods: Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 22 h. After 24 h of ischemia, grip strength, locomotor activity tests were performed in the surgically operated animals. After behavioral tests, animals were immediately sacrificed. Infarct volumes followed by the estimation of markers of oxidative stress in the brains were measured. Results: Locomotor activity and grip strength of animals were improved in both aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts pretreated rats. Infarct volume was also reduced in both extracts pretreated rats as compared with MCAO rats. An elevation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and a reduction in glutathione and antioxidant enzymes, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels were observed following MCAO. Pretreatment of Nigella sativa extracts showed the reduction in TBARS, elevation in glutathione, SOD and catalase levels as compared with MCAO rats. Conclusion: The present study observed the neuroprotective effects of both the extracts of Nigella sativa in cerebral ischemia. The neuroprotective effects could be due to its antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Tai KK, Truong DD. Amiloride but not memantine reduces neurodegeneration, seizures and myoclonic jerks in rats with cardiac arrest-induced global cerebral hypoxia and reperfusion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60309. [PMID: 23593189 PMCID: PMC3620224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that both activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and acid-sensing ion channels during cerebral ischemic insult contributed to brain injury. But which of these two molecular targets plays a more pivotal role in hypoxia-induced brain injury during ischemia is not known. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of an acid-sensing cation channel blocker and an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker were evaluated in a rat model of cardiac arrest-induced cerebral hypoxia. We found that intracisternal injection of amiloride, an acid-sensing ion channel blocker, dose-dependently reduced cerebral hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration, seizures, and audiogenic myoclonic jerks. In contrast, intracisternal injection of memantine, a selective uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker, had no significant effect on cerebral hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration, seizure and audiogenic myoclonic jerks. Intracisternal injection of zoniporide, a specific sodium-hydrogen exchanger inhibitor, before cardiac arrest-induced cerebral hypoxia, also did not reduce cerebral hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration, seizures and myoclonic jerks. These results suggest that acid-sensing ion channels play a more pivotal role than N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in mediating cerebral hypoxia-induced brain injury during ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok Keung Tai
- The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Research Laboratory, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America.
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Abbas Zaidi SM, Pathan SA, Singh S, Jamil S, Ahmad FJ, Khar RK. Anticonvulsant, Anxiolytic and Neurotoxicity Profile of Aqarqarha (<i>Anacyclus pyrethrum</i>) DC (Compositae) Root Ethanolic Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2013.47077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chu XP, Xiong ZG. Physiological and pathological functions of acid-sensing ion channels in the central nervous system. Curr Drug Targets 2012; 13:263-71. [PMID: 22204324 DOI: 10.2174/138945012799201685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protons are important signals for neuronal function. In the central nervous system (CNS), proton concentrations change locally when synaptic vesicles release their acidic contents into the synaptic cleft, and globally in ischemia, seizures, traumatic brain injury, and other neurological disorders due to lactic acid accumulation. The finding that protons gate a distinct family of ion channels, the acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), has shed new light on the mechanism of acid signaling and acidosis-associated neuronal injury. Accumulating evidence has suggested that ASICs play important roles in physiological processes such as synaptic plasticity, learning/memory, fear conditioning, and retinal integrity, and in pathological conditions such as brain ischemia, multiple sclerosis, epileptic seizures, and malignant glioma. Thus, targeting these channels may lead to novel therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders. The goal of this review is to provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of the functions of ASICs in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ping Chu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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Epps SA, Weinshenker D. Rhythm and blues: animal models of epilepsy and depression comorbidity. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:135-46. [PMID: 22940575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence shows a strong, bidirectional comorbidity between depression and epilepsy that is associated with decreased quality of life and responsivity to pharmacotherapies. At present, the neurobiological underpinnings of this comorbidity remain hazy. To complicate matters, anticonvulsant drugs can cause mood disturbances, while antidepressant drugs can lower seizure threshold, making it difficult to treat patients suffering from both depression and epilepsy. Animal models have been created to untangle the mechanisms behind the relationship between these disorders and to serve as screening tools for new therapies targeted to treat both simultaneously. These animal models are based on chemical interventions (e.g. pentylenetetrazol, kainic acid, pilocarpine), electrical stimulations (e.g. kindling, electroshock), and genetic/selective breeding paradigms (e.g. genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPRs), genetic absence epilepsy rat from Strasbourg (GAERS), WAG/Rij rats, swim lo-active rats (SwLo)). Studies on these animal models point to some potential mechanisms that could explain epilepsy and depression comorbidity, such as various components of the dopaminergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic systems, as well as key brain regions, like the amygdala and hippocampus. These models have also been used to screen possible therapies. The purpose of the present review is to highlight the importance of animal models in research on comorbid epilepsy and depression and to explore the contributions of these models to our understanding of the mechanisms and potential treatments for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alisha Epps
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Tabassum R, Vaibhav K, Shrivastava P, Khan A, Ejaz Ahmed M, Javed H, Islam F, Ahmad S, Saeed Siddiqui M, Safhi MM, Islam F. Centella asiatica attenuates the neurobehavioral, neurochemical and histological changes in transient focal middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. Neurol Sci 2012; 34:925-33. [PMID: 22864972 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-012-1163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica has been used as psychoactive and antioxidant herbal medicine since ancient time. The present study was design to evaluate the preventive role of ethanolic extract of C. asiatica in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Male Wistar rats were gavaged orally with C. asiatica extract (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight once daily) for 21 days and thereafter subjected to right MCAO for 2 h followed by 22-h reperfusion. Brain injury was evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Behavioural outcomes as neurological deficit, rota rod test, and grip strength were assessed. In addition, lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants were analyzed to assess the oxidative stress. Our results revealed that C. asiatica administration greatly improved neurobehavioral activity and diminished infarction volume along with the restored histological morphology of brain in MCAO rats. Furthermore, supplementation with this extract to MCAO group has reduced the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive species, restored glutathione content and augmented the activities of antioxidant enzymes-catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase in a dose-dependent manner in ischemic rats. The remarkable antioxidant activity of C. asiatica may be attributed to its bioactive triterpenes, asiatic acid, asiaticoside, madecassic acid and madecosside and may be translated to clinical level for prevention of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Tabassum
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
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Wang J, Liu YM, Cao W, Yao KW, Liu ZQ, Guo JY. Anti-inflammation and antioxidant effect of Cordymin, a peptide purified from the medicinal mushroom Cordyceps sinensis, in middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2012; 27:159-65. [PMID: 22327557 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cordymin is a peptide purified from the medicinal mushroom Cordyceps sinensis. The present study investigated the effects of Cordymin in prevention of focal cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (IR) injury. The right middle cerebral artery occlusion model was used in the study. The effects of Cordymin on mortality rate, neurobehavior, grip strength, glutathione content, lipid Peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione reductase activity, catalase activity, Na(+)K(+)ATPase activity glutathione S transferase activity and on the regulation of C3 and C4 protein level, polymorphonuclear cells, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in a rat model were studied respectively. Treatment (orally) of Cordymin significantly boosted the defense mechanism against cerebral ischemia by increasing antioxidants activity related to lesion pathogenesis. Restoration of the antioxidant homeostasis in the brain after reperfusion may have helped the brain recover from ischemic injury. Moreover, Cordymin significantly inhibited infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and IR-induced up-regulation of the brain production of C3 protein level, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Cordymin significantly improved the outcome in rats after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in terms of neurobehavioral function. Our findings suggest that cordymin have a neuroprotective effect in the ischemic brain, which is due to the inhibition of inflammation and increase of antioxidants activity related to lesion pathogenesis. Cordymin can be used as potential preventive agent against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Sahu S, Dutta G, Mandal N, Goswami AR, Ghosh T. Anticonvulsant effect of Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. on pentylenetetrazole induced seizure: a behavioral and EEG study in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:537-541. [PMID: 22414476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Marsilea quadrifolia Linn (MQ) extract has been used traditionally as sedative and antiepileptic drug in India. AIM OF THIS STUDY To investigate the anticonvulsive potential of MQ extracts by using behavior and electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS For anticonvulsant effect, 60minutes after administration of MQ, behavior and EEG were analyzed during PTZ (60mg/kg) induced seizures. Changes of EEG power, latency of onset of seizure, seizure severity score, and duration of epileptic seizure were determined. RESULTS Both the water and ethanol extract of MQ increased the latency of seizure but also decreased duration of epileptic seizure and seizure severity score. This reduction of seizure severity was also observed in EEG recording and EEG power analysis. The effectiveness of MQ ethanol extract is better than MQ water extract. CONCLUSION Both water and ethanol extract of MQ were effective in reducing the severity of behavioral and EEG seizures induced by PTZ in rats. This study justifies the traditional use of this plant in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Sahu
- Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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Effect of medroxyprogesterone on development of pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in mice. Neuroscience 2012; 207:283-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abbas Zaid S, Ahmad Path S, Singh S, Ahmad F, Jamil S, Khar R. Effect of Repeated Administration of Paeonia emodi Wall Root Extract in Experimental Models of Epilepsy and Behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2012.64.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Devi PU, Saraogi P, Manocha A, Vohora D. Pharmacological and biochemical analysis of interactions between N-acetylcysteine and some antiepileptic drugs on experimental seizures in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 18:406-13. [PMID: 22537319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2011.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In view of a putative role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of seizures, this study addressed the interactions between N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant and two antiepileptic drugs sodium valproate (SVP) and phenytoin (PHT) on experimental seizures in mice. METHODS The interaction was studied at three fixed ratio combinations (i.e., 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1) in the mouse maximal electroshock (MES) test using isobolographic analysis. Markers of oxidative stress (reduced glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA]) were estimated in the cortex of mice pretreated with either of these drugs alone or their 3:1 ratio combinations at the experimentally determined ED(50) values (ED(50 exp) values). The grip strength and spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB) were also assessed. In addition, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and calcium levels were estimated. RESULTS We found an anticonvulsant action of NAC in the MES test. Further, the ED(50 exp) values for the combinations of PHT and NAC did not differ from the theoretically calculated ED(50) values indicating additive effects. In case of SVP and NAC, however, the ED(50 exp) values were lower than the theoretically calculated ED(50) values. The interaction of SVP with NAC at the fixed ratios of 1:3 and 3:1 was found to be synergistic. No significant changes were observed in the grip strength, SAB, cortical GSH and MDA levels, serum AST, ALT, ALP, or calcium levels. CONCLUSION Our results thus hold promise for the use of NAC as an adjunct to PHT and SVP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Uma Devi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Liu Z, Li P, Zhao D, Tang H, Guo J. Protection by vanadium, a contemporary treatment approach to both diabetes and focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 145:66-70. [PMID: 21833647 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
There is now substantial epidemiological evidence that diabetes is a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. The protection by vanadium from focal cerebral ischemia in diabetic rats was studied in this paper. Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 4 weeks of administration of 0.6 mg/ml sodium orthovanadate in drinking water. Vanadium significantly improved the outcome in diabetic rats after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in terms of neurobehavioral function. Vanadium reduces brain damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by imitating action of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenquan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
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