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Valdivia A, Avalos AM, Leyton L. Thy-1 (CD90)-regulated cell adhesion and migration of mesenchymal cells: insights into adhesomes, mechanical forces, and signaling pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221306. [PMID: 38099295 PMCID: PMC10720913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion and migration depend on the assembly and disassembly of adhesive structures known as focal adhesions. Cells adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and form these structures via receptors, such as integrins and syndecans, which initiate signal transduction pathways that bridge the ECM to the cytoskeleton, thus governing adhesion and migration processes. Integrins bind to the ECM and soluble or cell surface ligands to form integrin adhesion complexes (IAC), whose composition depends on the cellular context and cell type. Proteomic analyses of these IACs led to the curation of the term adhesome, which is a complex molecular network containing hundreds of proteins involved in signaling, adhesion, and cell movement. One of the hallmarks of these IACs is to sense mechanical cues that arise due to ECM rigidity, as well as the tension exerted by cell-cell interactions, and transduce this force by modifying the actin cytoskeleton to regulate cell migration. Among the integrin/syndecan cell surface ligands, we have described Thy-1 (CD90), a GPI-anchored protein that possesses binding domains for each of these receptors and, upon engaging them, stimulates cell adhesion and migration. In this review, we examine what is currently known about adhesomes, revise how mechanical forces have changed our view on the regulation of cell migration, and, in this context, discuss how we have contributed to the understanding of signaling mechanisms that control cell adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Valdivia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ana María Avalos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Chen L, Chau WY, Yuen HT, Liu XH, Qi RZ, Lung ML, Lung HL. THY1 (CD90) Maintains the Adherens Junctions in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Inhibition of SRC Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072189. [PMID: 37046850 PMCID: PMC10093038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We had previously shown that THY1 (CD90) is a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and that its down-regulation and loss of expression are associated with tumor metastasis, yet the mechanism leading to such effects remains unknown. In this study we show that tumor invasion could be suppressed by THY1 via adherens junction formation in a few NPC cell lines, and knockdown of THY1 would disrupt this cell-cell adhesion phenotype. Mechanistically, the activity of the SRC family kinase (SFK) member, SRC, and canonical Wnt signaling were dramatically reduced when THY1 was constitutively expressed. Previous studies by others have found that high levels of SRC activity in NPCs are associated with EMT and a poor prognosis. We hypothesized that THY1 can suppress tumor invasion in NPC via inhibition of SRC. By gene silencing of SRC, we found that the in vitro NPC cell invasion was significantly reduced and adherens junctions were restored. Through proteomic analysis, we identified that platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGF-Rβ) and protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) are novel and potential binding partners of THY1, which were subsequently verified by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) analysis. The ligand of PDGF-Rβ (PDGF-BB) could highly induce SRC activation and NPC cell invasion, which could be almost completely suppressed by THY1 expression. On the other hand, the PTPN22 siRNA could enhance both the SRC activities and the cell invasion and could also disrupt the adherens junctions in the THY1-expressing NPC cells; the original THY1-induced phenotypes were reverted when the PTPN22 expression was reduced. Together, our results identified that PTPN22 is essential for THY1 to suppress cell invasion and SRC activity, maintain tight adherens junctions, and prevent NPC metastasis. These results suggested that PDGF-Rβ and SRC can be used as drug targets for suppressing NPC metastasis. Indeed, our in vivo assay using the SRC inhibitor KX2-391, clearly showed that inhibition of SRC signaling can prevent the metastasis of NPC, indicating that targeting SRC can be a promising approach to control the NPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wai Yin Chau
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hei Tung Yuen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiao Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Robert Zhong Qi
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511400, China
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hong Lok Lung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Hu P, Leyton L, Hagood JS, Barker TH. Thy-1-Integrin Interactions in cis and Trans Mediate Distinctive Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:928510. [PMID: 35733855 PMCID: PMC9208718 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.928510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Thy-1 is a cell surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein that bears a broad mosaic of biological roles across various cell types. Thy-1 displays strong physiological and pathological implications in development, cancer, immunity, and tissue fibrosis. Quite uniquely, Thy-1 is capable of mediating integrin-related signaling through direct trans- and cis-interaction with integrins. Both interaction types have shown distinctive roles, even when interacting with the same type of integrin, where binding in trans or in cis often yields divergent signaling events. In this review, we will revisit recent progress and discoveries of Thy-1–integrin interactions in trans and in cis, highlight their pathophysiological consequences and explore other potential binding partners of Thy-1 within the integrin regulation/signaling paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - James S. Hagood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Program for Rare and Interstitial Lung Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Thomas H. Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas H. Barker,
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Murphy-Ullrich JE. Thrombospondin-1 Signaling Through the Calreticulin/LDL Receptor Related Protein 1 Axis: Functions and Possible Roles in Glaucoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898772. [PMID: 35693935 PMCID: PMC9185677 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a matricellular extracellular matrix protein. Matricellular proteins are components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that regulate key cellular functions and impact ECM organization, but which lack direct primary structural roles in the ECM. TSP-1 expression is upregulated in response to injury, hypoxia, growth factor stimulation, inflammation, glucose, and by reactive oxygen species. Relevant to glaucoma, TSP-1 is also a mechanosensitive molecule upregulated by mechanical stretch. TSP-1 expression is increased in ocular remodeling in glaucoma in both the trabecular meshwork and in the optic nerve head. The exact roles of TSP-1 in glaucoma remain to be defined, however. It plays important roles in cell behavior and in ECM remodeling during wound healing, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and in tumorigenesis and metastasis. At the cellular level, TSP-1 can modulate cell adhesion and migration, protease activity, growth factor activity, anoikis resistance, apoptosis, and collagen secretion and matrix assembly and cross-linking. These multiple functions and macromolecular and receptor interactions have been ascribed to specific domains of the TSP-1 molecule. In this review, we will focus on the cell regulatory activities of the TSP-1 N-terminal domain (NTD) sequence that binds to cell surface calreticulin (Calr) and which regulates cell functions via signaling through Calr complexed with LDL receptor related protein 1 (LRP1). We will describe TSP-1 actions mediated through the Calr/LRP1 complex in regulating focal adhesion disassembly and cytoskeletal reorganization, cell motility, anoikis resistance, and induction of collagen secretion and matrix deposition. Finally, we will consider the relevance of these TSP-1 functions to the pathologic remodeling of the ECM in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E. Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Joanne E. Murphy-Ullrich,
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Wójtowicz K, Czogalla A, Trombik T, Łukaszewicz M. Surfactin cyclic lipopeptides change the plasma membrane composition and lateral organization in mammalian cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183730. [PMID: 34419486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The specific structure and composition of the cell plasma membrane (PM) is crucial for many cellular processes and can be targeted by various substances with potential medical applications. In this context, biosurfactants (BS) constitute a promising group of natural compounds that possess several biological functions, including anticancer activity. Despite the efficiency of BS, their mode of action had never been elucidated before. Here, we demonstrate the influence of cyclic lipopeptide surfactin (SU) on the PM of CHO-K1 cells. Both FLIM and svFCS experiments show that even a low concentration of SU causes significant changes in the membrane fluidity and dynamic molecular organization. Further, we demonstrate that SU causes a relevant dose-dependent reduction of cellular cholesterol by extracting it from the PM. Finally, we show that CHO-25RA cells characterized by increased cholesterol levels are more sensitive to SU treatment than CHO-K1 cells. We propose that sterols organizing the PM raft nanodomains, constitute a potential target for SU and other biosurfactants. In our opinion, the anticancer activity of biosurfactants is directly related with the higher cholesterol content found in many cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wójtowicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Trombik
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
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6
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Herbst SA, Stolarczyk M, Becirovic T, Czernilofsky F, Liu Y, Kolb C, Knoll M, Herling M, Müller-Tidow C, Dietrich S. Phagocytosis by stroma confounds coculture studies. iScience 2021; 24:103062. [PMID: 34585113 PMCID: PMC8456054 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Signals provided by the microenvironment can modify and circumvent pathway activities that are therapeutically targeted by drugs. Bone marrow stromal cell coculture models are frequently used to study the influence of the bone marrow niche on ex vivo drug response. Here, we show that mesenchymal stromal cells from selected donors and NKTert, a stromal cell line, which is commonly used for coculture studies with primary leukemia cells, extensively phagocytose apoptotic cells. This could lead to misinterpretation of results, especially if viability readouts of the target cells (e.g. leukemic cells) in such coculture models are based on the relative proportions of dead and alive cells. Future coculture studies which aim to investigate the impact of bone marrow stromal cells on drug response should take into account that stromal cells have the capacity to phagocytose apoptotic cells. Some bone marrow stroma cells extensively phagocytose apoptotic cells Disappearance of dead cells from cocultures due to phagocytosis confounds results This needs to be considered in studies using relative viabilities in cocultures Bone marrow stroma cell line NKTert could also phagocytose glass spheres
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A. Herbst
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marta Stolarczyk
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tina Becirovic
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Czernilofsky
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Kolb
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mareike Knoll
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Herling
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Clinic of Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Corresponding author
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7
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Jin S, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Zhang L, Chang I, Ramos R, Kuan CH, Myung P, Plikus MV, Nie Q. Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChat. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1088. [PMID: 33597522 PMCID: PMC7889871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2456] [Impact Index Per Article: 818.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding global communications among cells requires accurate representation of cell-cell signaling links and effective systems-level analyses of those links. We construct a database of interactions among ligands, receptors and their cofactors that accurately represent known heteromeric molecular complexes. We then develop CellChat, a tool that is able to quantitatively infer and analyze intercellular communication networks from single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. CellChat predicts major signaling inputs and outputs for cells and how those cells and signals coordinate for functions using network analysis and pattern recognition approaches. Through manifold learning and quantitative contrasts, CellChat classifies signaling pathways and delineates conserved and context-specific pathways across different datasets. Applying CellChat to mouse and human skin datasets shows its ability to extract complex signaling patterns. Our versatile and easy-to-use toolkit CellChat and a web-based Explorer ( http://www.cellchat.org/ ) will help discover novel intercellular communications and build cell-cell communication atlases in diverse tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suoqin Jin
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christian F Guerrero-Juarez
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ivan Chang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Research Cyberinfrastructure Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Raul Ramos
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peggy Myung
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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DNA Methylation in Pulmonary Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1255:51-62. [PMID: 32949389 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4494-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylations, including global methylation pattern and specific gene methylation, are associated with pathogenesis and progress of pulmonary fibrosis. This chapter illustrates alteration of DNA methylation in pulmonary fibrosis as a predictive or prognostic factor. Treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitors will be an emerging anti-fibrosis therapy, although we are still in the pre-clinical stage of using epigenetic markers as potential targets for biomarkers and therapeutic interventions.
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9
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Yang J, Zhan XZ, Malola J, Li ZY, Pawar JS, Zhang HT, Zha ZG. The multiple roles of Thy-1 in cell differentiation and regeneration. Differentiation 2020; 113:38-48. [PMID: 32403041 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thy-1 is a 25-37 kDa glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein that was discovered more than 50 years ago. Recent findings have suggested that Thy-1 is expressed on thymocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), cancer stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, neuronal smooth muscle cells, and pan T cells. Thy-1 plays vital roles in cell migration, adhesion, differentiation, transdifferentiation, apoptosis, mechanotransduction, and cell division, which in turn are involved in tumor development, pulmonary fibrosis, neurite outgrowth, and T cell activation. Studies have increasingly indicated a significant role of Thy-1 in cell differentiation and regeneration. However, despite recent research, many questions remain regarding the roles of Thy-1 in cell differentiation and regeneration. This review aimed to summarize the roles of Thy-1 in cell differentiation and regeneration. Furthermore, since Thy-1 is an outer leaflet membrane protein anchored by GPI, we attempted to address how Thy-1 regulates intracellular pathways through cis and trans signals. Due to the complexity and mystery surrounding the issue, we also summarized the Thy-1-related pathways in different biological processes, and this might provide novel insights in the field of cell differentiation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Zhan
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jonathan Malola
- College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, IN, USA
| | - Zhen-Yan Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jogendra Singh Pawar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, IN, USA
| | - Huan-Tian Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhen-Gang Zha
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Connor EV, Saygin C, Braley C, Wiechert AC, Karunanithi S, Crean-Tate K, Abdul-Karim FW, Michener CM, Rose PG, Lathia JD, Reizes O. Thy-1 predicts poor prognosis and is associated with self-renewal in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:112. [PMID: 31735168 PMCID: PMC6858973 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death in the United States despite effective first-line systemic chemotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) retain the ability to self-renew and proliferate and may be a means of harboring disease that evades standard treatment strategies. We previously performed a high-throughput screen to assess differential protein expression in ovarian CSCs compared to non-CSCs and observed that Thy-1 was more highly expressed in CSCs. Our primary aim was to validate Thy-1 (CD90) as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), correlate with clinical outcomes, and assess as a potential therapeutic target. Results Kaplan Meier (KM) Plotter data were correlated with survival outcomes. Quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and immunoblots assessed RNA and protein expression. Limiting dilution assays assessed self-renewal capacity and proliferation assays assessed proliferative capacity. RNA in-situ hybridization was performed on patient specimens to assess feasibility. Thy-1 (CD90) is more highly expressed in ovarian CSCs than non-CSCs, in EOC compared to benign ovarian epithelium (P < 0.001), and is highest in serous EOC (P < 0.05). Serous ovarian cancers with high Thy-1 expression have poorer outcomes (median PFS 15.8 vs. 18.3 months, P = 0 < 0.001; median OS 40.1 v. 45.8 months, P = 0.036). Endometrioid ovarian cancers with high Thy-1 have poorer PFS, but no difference in OS (upper quartile PFS 34 v. 11 months, P = 0.013; quartile OS not reached, P = 0.69). In vitro, Thy-1 expression is higher in CSCs versus non-CSCs. EOC cells with high Thy-1 expression demonstrate increased proliferation and self-renewal. Thy-1 knockdown in EOC cells decreases proliferative capacity and self-renewal capacity, and knockdown is associated with decreased expression of stem cell transcription factors NANOG and SOX2. RNA in situ hybridization is feasible in ovarian cancer tissue specimens. Conclusions Thy-1 is a marker of ovarian CSCs. Increased expression of Thy-1 in EOC predicts poor prognosis and is associated with increased proliferative and self-renewal capacity. Thy-1 knockdown decreases proliferative and self-renewal capacity, and represents a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Connor
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 801 North 29th Street Billings, MT, Cleveland, OH, 59101, USA. .,Billings Clinic Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 801 North 29th Street, Billings, MT, 59101, USA.
| | - Caner Saygin
- Cancer Impact Area, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chad Braley
- Cancer Impact Area, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center of Excellence in Gynecological Cancer Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew C Wiechert
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 801 North 29th Street Billings, MT, Cleveland, OH, 59101, USA
| | | | - Katie Crean-Tate
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 801 North 29th Street Billings, MT, Cleveland, OH, 59101, USA
| | | | - Chad M Michener
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 801 North 29th Street Billings, MT, Cleveland, OH, 59101, USA.,Center of Excellence in Gynecological Cancer Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peter G Rose
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 801 North 29th Street Billings, MT, Cleveland, OH, 59101, USA.,Center of Excellence in Gynecological Cancer Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Cancer Impact Area, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center of Excellence in Gynecological Cancer Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Cancer Impact Area, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Center of Excellence in Gynecological Cancer Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk NC10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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11
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Saalbach A, Anderegg U. Thy‐1: more than a marker for mesenchymal stromal cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:6689-6696. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802224r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and AllergologyFaculty of MedicineLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and AllergologyFaculty of MedicineLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
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12
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Morris RJ. Thy-1, a Pathfinder Protein for the Post-genomic Era. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:173. [PMID: 30619853 PMCID: PMC6305390 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thy-1 is possibly the smallest of cell surface proteins – 110 amino acids folded into an Immunoglobulin variable domain, tethered to the outer leaflet of the cell surface membrane via just the two saturated fatty acids of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Yet Thy-1 is emerging as a key regulator of differentiation in cells of endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal origin, acting as both a ligand (for certain integrins and other receptors), and as a receptor, able to modulate signaling and hence differentiation in the Thy-1-expressing cell. This is an extraordinary diversity of molecular pathways to be controlled by a molecule that does not even cross the cell membrane. Here I review aspects of the cell biology of Thy-1, and studies of its role as deduced from gene knock-out studies, that suggest how this protein can participate in so many different signaling-related functions. While mechanisms differ in molecular detail, it appears overall that Thy-1 dampens down signaling to control function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Avril T, Etcheverry A, Pineau R, Obacz J, Jegou G, Jouan F, Le Reste PJ, Hatami M, Colen RR, Carlson BL, Decker PA, Sarkaria JN, Vauléon E, Chiforeanu DC, Clavreul A, Mosser J, Chevet E, Quillien V. CD90 Expression Controls Migration and Predicts Dasatinib Response in Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7360-7374. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Liu X, Wong SS, Taype CA, Kim J, Shentu TP, Espinoza CR, Finley JC, Bradley JE, Head BP, Patel HH, Mah EJ, Hagood JS. Thy-1 interaction with Fas in lipid rafts regulates fibroblast apoptosis and lung injury resolution. J Transl Med 2017; 97:256-267. [PMID: 28165468 PMCID: PMC5663248 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thy-1-negative lung fibroblasts are resistant to apoptosis. The mechanisms governing this process and its relevance to fibrotic remodeling remain poorly understood. By using either sorted or transfected lung fibroblasts, we found that Thy-1 expression is associated with downregulation of anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, as well as increased levels of cleaved caspase-9. Addition of rhFasL and staurosporine, well-known apoptosis inducers, caused significantly increased cleaved caspase-3, -8, and PARP in Thy-1-transfected cells. Furthermore, rhFasL induced Fas translocation into lipid rafts and its colocalization with Thy-1. These in vitro results indicate that Thy-1, in a manner dependent upon its glycophosphatidylinositol anchor and lipid raft localization, regulates apoptosis in lung fibroblasts via Fas-, Bcl-, and caspase-dependent pathways. In vivo, Thy-1 deficient (Thy1-/-) mice displayed persistence of myofibroblasts in the resolution phase of bleomycin-induced fibrosis, associated with accumulation of collagen and failure of lung fibrosis resolution. Apoptosis of myofibroblasts is decreased in Thy1-/- mice in the resolution phase. Collectively, these findings provide new evidence regarding the role and mechanisms of Thy-1 in initiating myofibroblast apoptosis that heralds the termination of the reparative response to bleomycin-induced lung injury. Understanding the mechanisms regulating fibroblast survival/apoptosis should lead to novel therapeutic interventions for lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Liu
- Respiratory Department, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Simon S Wong
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carmen A Taype
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeeyeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tzu-Pin Shentu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Celia R Espinoza
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - John E Bradley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brian P Head
- Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emma J Mah
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - James S Hagood
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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15
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Cell Surface THY-1 Contributes to Human Cytomegalovirus Entry via a Macropinocytosis-Like Process. J Virol 2016; 90:9766-9781. [PMID: 27558416 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01092-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we showed that THY-1 has a critical role in the initial stage of infection of certain cell types with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and that THY-1 is important for HCMV-mediated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt during virus entry. THY-1 is known to interact with integrins and is a major cargo protein of clathrin-independent endocytic vesicles. Since macropinocytosis involves integrin signaling, is PI3K/Akt dependent, and is a clathrin-independent endocytic process, we determined whether THY-1 has a role in HCMV entry by macropinocytosis. Using electron microscopy in two cell lines that support HCMV infection in a THY-1-dependent manner, we found that HCMV enters these cells by a macropinocytosis-like process. THY-1 associated with HCMV virions on the cell surface and colocalized with virus inside macropinosomes. 5-(N-Ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA) and soluble THY-1 blocked HCMV infection in the cell lines by ≥80% and 60%, respectively. HCMV entry into the cells triggered increased influx of extracellular fluid, a marker of macropinocytosis, and this increased fluid uptake was inhibited by EIPA and by soluble THY-1. Blocking actin depolymerization, Na+/H+ exchange, PI3K, and Pak1 kinase, which are critical for macropinocytosis, impaired HCMV infection. Neither internalized HCMV virions nor THY-1 in virus-infected cells colocalized with transferrin as determined by confocal microscopy, indicating that clathrin-mediated endocytosis was not involved in THY-1-associated virus entry. These results suggest that HCMV has adapted to utilize THY-1, a cargo protein of clathrin-independent endocytotic vesicles, to facilitate efficient entry into certain cell types by a macropinocytosis-like process. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects over half of the population and is the most common infectious cause of birth defects. The virus is the most important infection occurring in transplant recipients. The mechanism of how HCMV enters cells is controversial. In this study, we show that THY-1, a cell surface protein that is critical for the early stage of entry of HCMV into certain cell types, contributes to virus entry by macropinocytosis. Our findings suggest that HCMV has adapted to utilize THY-1 to facilitate entry of HCMV into macropinosomes in certain cell types. Further knowledge about the mechanism of HCMV entry into cells may facilitate the development of novel inhibitors of virus infection.
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16
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Multiple roles of CD90 in cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11611-11622. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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17
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Fiore VF, Strane PW, Bryksin AV, White ES, Hagood JS, Barker TH. Conformational coupling of integrin and Thy-1 regulates Fyn priming and fibroblast mechanotransduction. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:173-90. [PMID: 26459603 PMCID: PMC4602038 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201505007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lateral associations between inactive αv integrin and Thy-1 glycoprotein control integrin avidity to extracellular matrix ligand, the localization and kinetics of downstream signal activity, and mechanosensitive remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Progressive fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in gross alterations in tissue mechanics. Changes in tissue mechanics can further augment scar deposition through fibroblast mechanotransduction. In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a fatal form of progressive lung fibrosis, previous work has shown that loss of Thy-1 (CD90) expression in fibroblasts correlates with regions of active fibrogenesis, thus representing a pathologically relevant fibroblast subpopulation. We now show that Thy-1 is a regulator of fibroblast rigidity sensing. Thy-1 physically couples to inactive αvβ3 integrins via its RGD-like motif, altering baseline integrin avidity to ECM ligands and also facilitating preadhesion clustering of integrin and membrane rafts via Thy-1’s glycophosphatidylinositol tether. Disruption of Thy-1–αvβ3 coupling altered recruitment of Src family kinases to adhesion complexes and impaired mechanosensitive, force-induced Rho signaling, and rigidity sensing. Loss of Thy-1 was sufficient to induce myofibroblast differentiation in soft ECMs and may represent a physiological mechanism important in wound healing and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent F Fiore
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Patrick W Strane
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Anton V Bryksin
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - James S Hagood
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92105
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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18
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Li H, Fitchett C, Kozdon K, Jayaram H, Rose GE, Bailly M, Ezra DG. Independent adipogenic and contractile properties of fibroblasts in Graves' orbitopathy: an in vitro model for the evaluation of treatments. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95586. [PMID: 24751986 PMCID: PMC3994071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is a disfiguring and sometimes blinding disease, characterised by inflammation and swelling of orbital tissues, with fibrosis and adipogenesis being predominant features. Little is known about the disease aetiology and the molecular mechanisms driving the phenotypic changes in orbital fibroblasts are unknown. Using fibroblasts isolated from the orbital fat of undiseased individuals or GO patients, we have established a novel in vitro model to evaluate the dual profile of GO cells in a three-dimensional collagen matrix; this pseudo-physiological 3D environment allows measurement of their contractile and adipogenic properties. GO cells contracted collagen matrices more efficiently than control cells following serum or TGFβ1 stimulation, and showed a slightly increased ability to proliferate in the 3D matrix, in accordance with a fibro-proliferative phenotype. GO cells, unlike controls, also spontaneously differentiated into adipocytes in 3D cultures - confirming an intrinsic adipogenic profile. However, both control and GO cells underwent adipogenesis when cultured under pathological pressure levels. We further demonstrate that a Thy-1-low population of GO cells underlies the adipogenic - but not the contractile - phenotype and, using inhibitors, confirm that the contractile and adipogenic phenotypes are regulated by separate pathways. In view of the current lack of suitable treatment for GO, we propose that this new model testing the duality of the GO phenotype could be useful as a preclinical evaluation for the efficacy of potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Fitchett
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Kozdon
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hari Jayaram
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey E. Rose
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL Partners AHSC, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryse Bailly
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel G. Ezra
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL Partners AHSC, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Grove LM, Southern BD, Jin TH, White KE, Paruchuri S, Harel E, Wei Y, Rahaman SO, Gladson CL, Ding Q, Craik CS, Chapman HA, Olman MA. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) ligation induces a raft-localized integrin signaling switch that mediates the hypermotile phenotype of fibrotic fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12791-804. [PMID: 24644284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.498576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked membrane protein with no cytosolic domain that localizes to lipid raft microdomains. Our laboratory and others have documented that lung fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) exhibit a hypermotile phenotype. This study was undertaken to elucidate the molecular mechanism whereby uPAR ligation with its cognate ligand, urokinase, induces a motile phenotype in human lung fibroblasts. We found that uPAR ligation with the urokinase receptor binding domain (amino-terminal fragment) leads to enhanced migration of fibroblasts on fibronectin in a protease-independent, lipid raft-dependent manner. Ligation of uPAR with the amino-terminal fragment recruited α5β1 integrin and the acylated form of the Src family kinase, Fyn, to lipid rafts. The biological consequences of this translocation were an increase in fibroblast motility and a switch of the integrin-initiated signal pathway for migration away from the lipid raft-independent focal adhesion kinase pathway and toward a lipid raft-dependent caveolin-Fyn-Shc pathway. Furthermore, an integrin homologous peptide as well as an antibody that competes with β1 for uPAR binding have the ability to block this effect. In addition, its relative insensitivity to cholesterol depletion suggests that the interactions of α5β1 integrin and uPAR drive the translocation of α5β1 integrin-acylated Fyn signaling complexes into lipid rafts upon uPAR ligation through protein-protein interactions. This signal switch is a novel pathway leading to the hypermotile phenotype of IPF patient-derived fibroblasts, seen with uPAR ligation. This uPAR dependent, fibrotic matrix-selective, and profibrotic fibroblast phenotype may be amenable to targeted therapeutics designed to ameliorate IPF.
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20
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Leyton L, Hagood JS. Thy-1 Modulates Neurological Cell–Cell and Cell–Matrix Interactions Through Multiple Molecular Interactions. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 8:3-20. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8090-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Stenmark KR, Nozik-Grayck E, Gerasimovskaya E, Anwar A, Li M, Riddle S, Frid M. The adventitia: Essential role in pulmonary vascular remodeling. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:141-61. [PMID: 23737168 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c090017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapidly emerging concept is that the vascular adventitia acts as a biological processing center for the retrieval, integration, storage, and release of key regulators of vessel wall function. It is the most complex compartment of the vessel wall and comprises a variety of cells including fibroblasts, immunomodulatory cells, resident progenitor cells, vasa vasorum endothelial cells, and adrenergic nerves. In response to vascular stress or injury, resident adventitial cells are often the first to be activated and reprogrammed to then influence tone and structure of the vessel wall. Experimental data indicate that the adventitial fibroblast, the most abundant cellular constituent of adventitia, is a critical regulator of vascular wall function. In response to vascular stresses such as overdistension, hypoxia, or infection, the adventitial fibroblast is activated and undergoes phenotypic changes that include proliferation, differentiation, and production of extracellular matrix proteins and adhesion molecules, release of reactive oxygen species, chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and metalloproteinases that, collectively, affect medial smooth muscle cell tone and growth directly and that stimulate recruitment and retention of circulating inflammatory and progenitor cells to the vessel wall. Resident dendritic cells also participate in "sensing" vascular stress and actively communicate with fibroblasts and progenitor cells to simulate repair processes that involve expansion of the vasa vasorum, which acts as a conduit for further delivery of inflammatory/progenitor cells. This review presents the current evidence demonstrating that the adventitia acts as a key regulator of pulmonary vascular wall function and structure from the "outside in."
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R Stenmark
- University of Colorado Denver - Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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22
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Thy-1-Interacting Molecules and Cellular Signaling in Cis and Trans. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 305:163-216. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407695-2.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Kuroiwa K, Torikai Y, Osawa M, Nakashima T, Nakashima M, Endo H, Arai T. Epitope Determination of Anti Rat Thy-1 Monoclonal Antibody That Regulates Neurite Outgrowth. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2012; 31:225-32. [DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2012.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kuroiwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Torikai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda Chiba, Japan
| | - Mafumi Osawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakashima
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takao Arai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda Chiba, Japan
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24
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Baumann P, Thiele W, Cremers N, Muppala S, Krachulec J, Diefenbacher M, Kassel O, Mudduluru G, Allgayer H, Frame M, Sleeman JP. CD24 interacts with and promotes the activity of c-src within lipid rafts in breast cancer cells, thereby increasing integrin-dependent adhesion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:435-48. [PMID: 21710320 PMCID: PMC11114536 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein CD24 correlates with a poor prognosis for many human cancers, and in experimental tumors can promote metastasis. However, the mechanism by which CD24 contributes to tumor progression remains unclear. Here we report that in MTLy breast cancer cells CD24 interacts with and augments the kinase activity of c-src, a protein strongly implicated in promoting invasion and metastasis. This occurs within and is dependent upon intact lipid rafts. CD24-augmented c-src kinase activity increased formation of focal adhesion complexes, accelerated phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin and consequently enhanced integrin-mediated adhesion. Loss and gain of function approaches showed that c-src activity is necessary and sufficient to mediate the effects of CD24 on integrin-dependent adhesion and cell spreading, as well as on invasion. Together these results indicate that c-src is a CD24-activated mediator that promotes integrin-mediated adhesion and invasion, and suggest a mechanism by which CD24 might contribute to tumor progression through stimulating the activity of c-src or another member of the Src family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Baumann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wilko Thiele
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Natascha Cremers
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Santoshi Muppala
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Justyna Krachulec
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Diefenbacher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olivier Kassel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Giridhar Mudduluru
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Margaret Frame
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Sleeman
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, TRIDOMUS-Gebäude Haus C, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13–17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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25
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Howes MT, Kirkham M, Riches J, Cortese K, Walser PJ, Simpson F, Hill MM, Jones A, Lundmark R, Lindsay MR, Hernandez-Deviez DJ, Hadzic G, McCluskey A, Bashir R, Liu L, Pilch P, McMahon H, Robinson PJ, Hancock JF, Mayor S, Parton RG. Clathrin-independent carriers form a high capacity endocytic sorting system at the leading edge of migrating cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 190:675-91. [PMID: 20713605 PMCID: PMC2928008 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201002119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the importance of clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytic pathways has recently emerged, key aspects of these routes remain unknown. Using quantitative ultrastructural approaches, we show that clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs) account for approximately three times the volume internalized by the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway, forming the major pathway involved in uptake of fluid and bulk membrane in fibroblasts. Electron tomographic analysis of the 3D morphology of the earliest carriers shows that they are multidomain organelles that form a complex sorting station as they mature. Proteomic analysis provides direct links between CLICs, cellular adhesion turnover, and migration. Consistent with this, CLIC-mediated endocytosis of key cargo proteins, CD44 and Thy-1, is polarized at the leading edge of migrating fibroblasts, while transient ablation of CLICs impairs their ability to migrate. These studies provide the first quantitative ultrastructural analysis and molecular characterization of the major endocytic pathway in fibroblasts, a pathway that provides rapid membrane turnover at the leading edge of migrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Howes
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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26
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Shan B, Hagood JS, Zhuo Y, Nguyen HT, MacEwen M, Morris GF, Lasky JA. Thy-1 attenuates TNF-alpha-activated gene expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts via Src family kinase. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11662. [PMID: 20657842 PMCID: PMC2906514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous surface expression of Thy-1 in fibroblasts modulates inflammation and may thereby modulate injury and repair. As a paradigm, patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a disease with pathologic features of chronic inflammation, demonstrate an absence of Thy-1 immunoreactivity within areas of fibrotic activity (fibroblast foci) in contrast to the predominant Thy-1 expressing fibroblasts in the normal lung. Likewise, Thy-1 deficient mice display more severe lung fibrosis in response to an inflammatory injury than wildtype littermates. We investigated the role of Thy-1 in the response of fibroblasts to the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. Our study demonstrates distinct profiles of TNF-alpha-activated gene expression in Thy-1 positive (Thy-1+) and negative (Thy-1-) subsets of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). TNF-alpha induced a robust activation of MMP-9, ICAM-1, and the IL-8 promoter driven reporter in Thy-1- MEFs, in contrast to only a modest increase in Thy-1+ counterparts. Consistently, ectopic expression of Thy-1 in Thy-1- MEFs significantly attenuated TNF-alpha-activated gene expression. Mechanistically, TNF-alpha activated Src family kinase (SFK) only in Thy-1- MEFs. Blockade of SFK activation abrogated TNF-alpha-activated gene expression in Thy-1- MEFs, whereas restoration of SFK activation rescued the TNF-alpha response in Thy-1+ MEFs. Our findings suggest that Thy-1 down-regulates TNF-alpha-activated gene expression via interfering with SFK- and NF-kappaB-mediated transactivation. The current study provides a novel mechanistic insight to the distinct roles of fibroblast Thy-1 subsets in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shan
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - James S. Hagood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hong T. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Mark MacEwen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Gilbert F. Morris
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Lasky
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
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Zhou Y, Hagood JS, Lu B, Merryman WD, Murphy-Ullrich JE. Thy-1-integrin alphav beta5 interactions inhibit lung fibroblast contraction-induced latent transforming growth factor-beta1 activation and myofibroblast differentiation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:22382-93. [PMID: 20463011 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.126227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts, key effector cells in tissue fibrosis, are specialized contractile cells. Lung myofibroblast contraction induces integrin alpha(v)beta(5)-dependent latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 activation suggests that myofibroblast contractility may be a driving force for the persistent myofibroblast differentiation observed in fibrotic lungs. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate fibroblast contraction and mechanotransduction will add new insights into the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis and may lead to new therapeutic approaches for treating fibrotic lung diseases. We and others previously demonstrated that lung fibroblast expression of Thy-1 prevents lung fibrosis. The mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrotic effect of Thy-1 are not well understood. In this study, we showed that Thy-1 interacts with integrin alpha(v)beta(5), both in a cell-free system and on the cell surface of rat lung fibroblasts. Thy-1-integrin alpha(v)beta(5) interactions are RLD-dependent because mutated Thy-1, in which RLD is replaced by RLE, loses the ability to bind the integrin. Furthermore, Thy-1 expression prevents fibroblast contraction-induced, integrin alpha(v)beta(5)-dependent latent TGF-beta1 activation and TGF-beta1-dependent lung myofibroblast differentiation. In contrast, lack of Thy-1 expression or disruption of Thy-1-alpha(v)beta(5) interactions renders lung fibroblasts susceptible to contraction-induced latent TGF-beta1 activation and myofibroblast differentiation. These data suggest that Thy-1-integrin alpha(v)beta(5) interactions inhibit contraction-induced latent TGF-beta1 activation, presumably by blocking the binding of extracellular matrix-bound latent TGF-beta1 with integrin alpha(v)beta(5). Our studies suggest that targeting key mechanotransducers to inhibit mechanotransduction might be an effective approach to inhibit the deleterious effects of myofibroblast contraction on lung fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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Special expression of Thy-1 in different malignant tumors. Chin J Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-010-0073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Nicola T, Hagood JS, James ML, Macewen MW, Williams TA, Hewitt MM, Schwiebert L, Bulger A, Oparil S, Chen YF, Ambalavanan N. Loss of Thy-1 inhibits alveolar development in the newborn mouse lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 296:L738-50. [PMID: 19270178 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90603.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta mediates hypoxia-induced inhibition of alveolar development in the newborn lung. TGF-beta is regulated primarily at the level of activation of latent TGF-beta. Fibroblasts expressing Thy-1 (CD90) inhibit TGF-beta activation. We hypothesized that loss of Thy-1 due to hypoxia may be a mechanism by which hypoxia increases TGF-beta activation and that animals deficient in Thy-1 will simulate the effects of hypoxia on lung development. To determine if loss of Thy-1 occurred during hypoxia, non-transgenic (C57BL/6) wild-type (WT) mice exposed to hypoxia were evaluated for Thy-1 mRNA and protein. To determine if Thy-1 deficiency simulated hypoxia, WT and Thy-1 null (Thy-1(-/-)) mice were exposed to air or hypoxia from birth to 2 wk, the critical period of lung development, and lung histology, function, parameters related to TGF-beta signaling, and extracellular matrix protein content were measured. To test if the phenotype in Thy-1(-/-) mice was due to excessive TGF-beta signaling, measurements were also performed in Thy-1(-/-) mice administered TGF-beta neutralizing antibody (1D11). We observed that hypoxia reduced Thy-1 mRNA and Thy-1 staining in WT mice. Thy-1(-/-) mice had impaired alveolarization, increased TGF-beta signaling, reduced lung epithelial and endothelial cell proliferation but increased fibroblast proliferation, and increased collagen and elastin. Lung compliance was lower, and tissue but not airway resistance was higher in Thy-1(-/-) mice at 2 wk. Thy-1(-/-) mice given 1D11 had improved alveolar development and lung function. These data support the hypothesis that hypoxia, by reducing Thy-1, increases TGF-beta activation, and thereby inhibits normal alveolar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Nicola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Zhou Y, Koli K, Hagood JS, Miao M, Mavalli M, Rifkin DB, Murphy-Ullrich JE. Latent transforming growth factor-beta-binding protein-4 regulates transforming growth factor-beta1 bioavailability for activation by fibrogenic lung fibroblasts in response to bleomycin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 174:21-33. [PMID: 19056849 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that subsets of lung fibroblasts differentially contribute to fibrogenic progression. We have previously shown that a subset of rat lung fibroblasts with fibrogenic characteristics [Thy-1 (-) fibroblasts] responds to stimuli (bleomycin, interleukin-4, etc) with increased latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta activation, whereas non-fibrogenic Thy-1-expressing [Thy-1 (+)] fibroblasts do not. Activation of latent TGF-beta1 by interstitial lung fibroblasts is critical for fibrogenic responses. To better understand the susceptibility of fibrogenic fibroblasts to the stimulation of TGF-beta activation, we examined the role of latent TGF-beta-binding proteins (LTBPs), key regulators of TGF-beta bioavailability and activation, in TGF-beta1 activation by these fibroblasts. Treatment of fibroblasts with bleomycin up-regulated LTBP-4 mRNA, protein, and soluble LTBP-4-bound large latent TGF-beta1 complexes in Thy-1 (-) fibroblasts to significantly higher levels than in Thy-1 (+) fibroblasts. Bleomycin-induced TGF-beta1 activation required LTBP-4, since lung fibroblasts deficient in LTBP-4 did not activate TGF-beta1. Expression of LTBP-4 restored TGF-beta1 activation in response to bleomycin, but expression either of LTBP-4 lacking the TGF-beta-binding site or only the TGF-beta-binding domain did not. Bleomycin treatment of mice increased LTBP-4 expression in the lung. Thy-1 knockout mice had increased levels of both LTBP-4 expression and TGF-beta activation, as well as enhanced Smad3 phosphorylation compared with wild-type mice. Together, these data identify a critical role for LTBP-4 in the regulation of latent TGF-beta1 activation in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Barker TH, Hagood JS. Getting a grip on Thy-1 signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1793:921-3. [PMID: 19007822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A recent study by Hermosilla et al. [T. Hermosilla, D. Munoz, R. Herrera-Molina, A. Valdivia, N. Munoz, S.U. Nham, P. Schneider, K. Burridge, A.F. Quest, L. Leyton, Direct Thy-1/alphaVbeta3 integrin interaction mediates neuron to astrocyte communication, Biochim Biophys Acta 1783 (2008) 1111-1120] demonstrates that Thy-1 on neurons binds to alphavbeta3 integrin on astrocytes via a conserved RLD motif, triggering the formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers via tyrosine phosphorylation and RhoA activation. This study adds to growing evidence regarding the signaling mechanisms and biological roles of Thy-1, an important regulator of context-dependent signaling. As knowledge of Thy-1 approaches its fiftieth year, it is critical to begin to synthesize insights from different fields to determine how this heretofore enigmatic molecule modulates cell behavior in both cis and trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Barker
- Biomedical Engineering, GA Tech/Emory, 313 Ferst Drive, Ste 3111 Atlanta, GA 30332-0535, USA.
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Dudas J, Mansuroglu T, Batusic D, Ramadori G. Thy-1 is expressed in myofibroblasts but not found in hepatic stellate cells following liver injury. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 131:115-27. [PMID: 18797914 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thy-1 (CD90) is an adhesion molecule induced in fibroblast populations associated with wound healing and fibrosis. In this study the question whether Thy-1-gene-expression can be induced in hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in vivo, under conditions of liver injury or liver regeneration was addressed. Acute and chronic rat liver injury was induced by the administration of CCl4. For comparison, cirrhotic human liver, and rat 67% partial hepatectomy (PH) was studied as well. Thy-1-gene-expression was examined also in isolated human liver myofibroblasts. Thy-1-mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in chronic liver injury. Thy-1+ cells were detected in the periportal area of rat liver specimens in normal-, injured- and regenerative-conditions. In chronic human and rat liver injury, Thy-1+ cells were located predominantly in scar tissue. In the pericentral necrotic zone after CCl4-treatment, no induction of Thy-1 was found. Gremlin and Thy-1 showed comparable localization in the periportal areas. Thy-1 was not detected in either normal or capillarized sinusoids, in isolated rat HSC, and was neither inducible by inflammatory cytokines in isolated HSC, nor upregulated in treated myofibroblasts. Based upon these data Thy-1 is not a marker of "activated" sinusoidal HSC, but it is a marker of "activated" (myo)fibroblasts found in portal areas and in scar tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Dudas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Wei JF, Wei L, Zhou X, Lu ZY, Francis K, Hu XY, Liu Y, Xiong WC, Zhang X, Banik NL, Zheng SS, Yu SP. Formation of Kv2.1-FAK complex as a mechanism of FAK activation, cell polarization and enhanced motility. J Cell Physiol 2008; 217:544-57. [PMID: 18615577 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays key roles in cell adhesion and migration. We now report that the delayed rectifier Kv2.1 potassium channel, through its LD-like motif in N-terminus, may interact with FAK and enhance phosphorylation of FAK(397) and FAK(576/577). Overlapping distribution of Kv2.1 and FAK was observed on soma and proximal dendrites of cortical neurons. FAK expression promotes a polarized membrane distribution of the Kv2.1 channel. In Kv2.1-transfected CHO cells, formation of the Kv2.1-FAK complex was stimulated by fibronectin/integrin and inhibited by the K(+) channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA). FAK phosphorylation was minimized by shRNA knockdown of the Kv2.1 channel, point mutations of the N-terminus, and TEA, respectively. Cell migration morphology was altered by Kv2.1 knockdown or TEA, hindering cell migration activity. In wound healing tests in vitro and a traumatic injury animal model, Kv2.1 expression and co-localization of Kv2.1 and FAK significantly enhanced directional cell migration and wound closure. It is suggested that the Kv2.1 channel may function as a promoting signal for FAK activation and cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Health China, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Cohen PY, Breuer R, Wallach-Dayan SB. Thy1 up-regulates FasL expression in lung myofibroblasts via Src family kinases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 40:231-8. [PMID: 18676775 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0348oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that myofibroblasts from lungs with bleomycin-induced fibrosis overexpress FasL molecules. Two subpopulations of fibroblasts, distinguished by their expression of Thy1 molecules, have been shown in the lungs of both mice and humans. Thy1-mediated FasL induction has been reported in T cells through the use of anti-Thy1 (G7). We therefore sought to determine whether FasL expression in lung myofibroblasts is associated with and/or dependent on Thy1 expression, and to examine the underlying mechanism of regulation. We show that myofibroblast Thy1 expression is associated with increased FasL expression. Moreover, we directly show that Thy1 activation induces FasL up-regulation. Initially, Thy1 activation causes translocation of FasL to the membrane surface, and later induces de novo synthesis of FasL at the mRNA and protein levels. In contrast to Thy1 activation, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma do not induce FasL myofibroblast up-regulation. Using Src family kinase (SFKs) inhibitor (PP2), we show the general involvement of SFKs in Thy1 signal transduction leading to FasL up-regulation; and, using specific siRNA, we show the particular involvement of Fyn, one protein in the SFK family. These results demonstrate that Thy1 in myofibroblasts is not just a marker, but is a functional protein that transmits signals into the cell, up-regulating its FasL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Y Cohen
- Head, Institute for Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem, Israel
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Sanders YY, Pardo A, Selman M, Nuovo GJ, Tollefsbol TO, Siegal GP, Hagood JS. Thy-1 promoter hypermethylation: a novel epigenetic pathogenic mechanism in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 39:610-8. [PMID: 18556592 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0322oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms regulating myofibroblastic differentiation of fibroblasts within fibroblastic foci in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remain unclear. Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, produce heritable but potentially reversible changes in DNA or its associated proteins and are prominent in development and oncogenesis. We have shown that Thy-1 suppresses myofibroblastic differentiation of lung fibroblasts and that fibroblasts in fibroblastic foci are Thy-1(-). Epigenetic down-regulation of Thy-1 has been demonstrated in cellular transformation and clinical cancer. We hypothesized that epigenetic regulation of Thy-1 affects the lung fibroblast fibrogenic phenotype. RT-PCR, methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and bisulfite genomic sequencing were used to determine the methylation status of the Thy-1 promoter in Thy-1(+) and Thy-1(-) lung fibroblasts, and MSP-in situ hybridization (MSPISH) was performed on fibrotic tissue. Thy-1 gene expression is absent in Thy-1(-) human and rat fibroblasts despite intact Thy-1 genomic DNA. Cytosine-guanine islands in the Thy-1 gene promoter are hypermethylated in Thy-1(-), but not Thy-1(+), fibroblasts. RT-PCR and MSP demonstrate that, in IPF samples in which Thy-1 expression is absent, the Thy-1 promoter region is methylated, whereas in lung samples retaining Thy-1 expression, the promoter region is unmethylated. MSPISH confirms methylation of the Thy-1 promoter in fibroblastic foci in IPF. Treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors restores Thy-1 expression in Thy-1(-) fibroblasts. Epigenetic regulation of Thy-1 is a novel and potentially reversible mechanism in fibrosis that may offer the possibility of new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Y Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Sauzay C, Voutetakis K, Chatziioannou A, Chevet E, Avril T. On the notion of doll's eyes. Front Cell Dev Biol 1984; 7:66. [PMID: 31080802 PMCID: PMC6497726 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD90 is a membrane GPI-anchored protein with one Ig V-type superfamily domain that was initially described in mouse T cells. Besides the specific expression pattern and functions of CD90 that were described in normal tissues, i.e., neurons, fibroblasts and T cells, increasing evidences are currently highlighting the possible involvement of CD90 in cancer. This review first provides a brief overview on CD90 gene, mRNA and protein features and then describes the established links between CD90 and cancer. Finally, we report newly uncovered functional connections between CD90 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling and discuss their potential impact on cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Sauzay
- INSERM U1242, Proteostasis and Cancer Team, Chemistry Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Konstantinos Voutetakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- e-NIOS Applications PC, Kallithea-Athens, Greece
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, Proteostasis and Cancer Team, Chemistry Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
- Rennes Brain Cancer Team (REACT), Rennes, France
| | - Tony Avril
- INSERM U1242, Proteostasis and Cancer Team, Chemistry Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
- Rennes Brain Cancer Team (REACT), Rennes, France
- *Correspondence: Tony Avril,
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