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Srinivas AN, Suresh D, Vishwanath PM, Satish S, Santhekadur PK, Koka S, Kumar DP. TACE inhibition: a promising therapeutic intervention against AATF-mediated steatohepatitis to hepatocarcinogenesis. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1940-1957. [PMID: 38558505 PMCID: PMC11306524 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-driven hepatocellular carcinoma (MASH-HCC) is a global clinical challenge for which there is a limited understanding of disease pathogenesis and a subsequent lack of therapeutic interventions. We previously identified that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) upregulated apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor (AATF) in MASH. Here, we investigated the effect of TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) inhibition as a promising targeted therapy against AATF-mediated steatohepatitis to hepatocarcinogenesis. A preclinical murine model that recapitulates human MASH-HCC was used in the study. C57Bl/6 mice were fed with chow diet normal water (CD) or western diet sugar water (WD) along with a low dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4; 0.2 μL·g-1, weekly) for 24 weeks. TACE activity, TNF-α levels, and AATF expression were measured. The mice were treated with the TACE inhibitor Marimastat for 12 weeks, followed by analyses of liver injury, fibrosis, inflammation, and oncogenic signaling. In vitro experiments using stable clones of AATF control and AATF knockdown were also conducted. We found that AATF expression was upregulated in WD/CCl4 mice, which developed severe MASH at 12 weeks and advanced fibrosis with HCC at 24 weeks. WD/CCl4 mice showed increased TACE activity with reduced hepatic expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (Timp3). The involvement of the SIRT1/TIMP3/TACE axis was confirmed by the release of TNF-α, which upregulated AATF, a key molecular driver of MASH-HCC. Interestingly, TACE inhibition by Marimastat reduced liver injury, dyslipidemia, AATF expression, and oncogenic signaling, effectively preventing hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, Marimastat inhibited the activation of JNK, ERK1/2, and AKT, which are key regulators of tumorigenesis in WD/CCl4 mice and in AATF control cells, but had no effect on AATF knockdown cells. This study shows that TACE inhibition prevents AATF-mediated inflammation, fibrosis, and oncogenesis in MASH-HCC, offering a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha N. Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR Lab, JSS Medical CollegeJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruIndia
| | - Diwakar Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR Lab, JSS Medical CollegeJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruIndia
| | - Prashant M. Vishwanath
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR Lab, JSS Medical CollegeJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruIndia
| | - Suchitha Satish
- Department of Pathology, JSS Medical College and HospitalJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruIndia
| | - Prasanna K. Santhekadur
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR Lab, JSS Medical CollegeJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruIndia
| | - Saisudha Koka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of PharmacyTexas A&M UniversityKingsvilleTXUSA
| | - Divya P. Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR Lab, JSS Medical CollegeJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruIndia
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Byun KA, Kim HM, Oh S, Batsukh S, Lee S, Oh M, Lee J, Lee R, Kim JW, Oh SM, Kim J, Kim G, Park HJ, Hong H, Lee J, An SH, Oh SS, Jung YS, Son KH, Byun K. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Increases Facial Adipogenesis in a Swine Model via Modulation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Cilia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7648. [PMID: 39062891 PMCID: PMC11277104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Decreased medial cheek fat volume during aging leads to loss of a youthful facial shape. Increasing facial volume by methods such as adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) injection can produce facial rejuvenation. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can increase adipogenesis in subcutaneous fat by modulating cilia on ASCs, which is accompanied by increased HSP70 and decreased NF-κB expression. Thus, we evaluated the effect of HIFU on increasing facial adipogenesis in swine (n = 2) via modulation of ASC cilia. Expression of CD166, an ASC marker, differed by subcutaneous adipose tissue location. CD166 expression in the zygomatic arch (ZA) was significantly higher than that in the subcutaneous adipose tissue in the mandible or lateral temporal areas. HIFU was applied only on the right side of the face, which was compared with the left side, where HIFU was not applied, as a control. HIFU produced a significant increase in HSP70 expression, decreased expression of NF-κB and a cilia disassembly factor (AURKA), and increased expression of a cilia increasing factor (ARL13B) and PPARG and CEBPA, which are the main regulators of adipogenesis. All of these changes were most prominent at the ZA. Facial adipose tissue thickness was also increased by HIFU. Adipose tissue volume, evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, was increased by HIFU, most prominently in the ZA. In conclusion, HIFU increased ASC marker expression, accompanied by increased HSP70 and decreased NF-κB expression. Additionally, changes in cilia disassembly and length and expression of adipogenesis were observed. These results suggest that HIFU could be used to increase facial volume by modulating adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- LIBON Inc., Incheon 22006, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Moon Kim
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Maylin Clinic, Goyang 10391, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Mirabel Clinic, Seoul 04596, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjune Oh
- GangnamON Clinic, Seoul 06129, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ran Lee
- Ezen Clinic, Cheonan 31090, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Kim
- Lienjang Clinic, Seoul 04536, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Oh
- GangnamON Clinic, Seoul 06129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- MH Clinic, Seoul 06010, Republic of Korea
| | - Geebum Kim
- Misogain Dermatology Clinic, Gimpo 10108, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Maylin Clinic the Cheongdam, Seoul 06091, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbit Hong
- Lux Well Clinic, Cheongju 28424, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehyuk Lee
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Doctorbom Clinic, Seoul 06614, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun An
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Suk Oh
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Seop Jung
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zhang Q, Lu C, Lu F, Liao Y, Cai J, Gao J. Challenges and opportunities in obesity: the role of adipocytes during tissue fibrosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1365156. [PMID: 38686209 PMCID: PMC11056552 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1365156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that affects the energy balance of the whole body. In addition to increasing fat mass, tissue fibrosis occurred in white adipose tissue in obese condition. Fibrosis is the over-activation of fibroblasts leading to excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, which could be caused by various factors, including the status of adipocytes. The morphology of adipocytes responds rapidly and dynamically to nutrient fluctuations. Adaptive hypertrophy of normal adipocytes protects peripheral organs from damage from lipotoxicity. However, the biological behavior of hypertrophic adipocytes in chronic obesity is abnormally altered. Adipocytes lead to fibrotic remodeling of the extracellular matrix by inducing unresolved chronic inflammation, persistent hypoxia, and increasing myofibroblast numbers. Moreover, adipocyte-induced fibrosis not only restricts the flexible expansion and contraction of adipose tissue but also initiates the development of various diseases through cellular autonomic and paracrine effects. Regarding anti-fibrotic therapy, dysregulated intracellular signaling and epigenetic changes represent potential candidate targets. Thus, modulation of adipocytes may provide potential therapeutic avenues for reversing pathological fibrosis in adipose tissue and achieving the anti-obesity purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chongxuan Lu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjun Liao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junrong Cai
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Amin A, Badenes M, Tüshaus J, de Carvalho É, Burbridge E, Faísca P, Trávníčková K, Barros A, Carobbio S, Domingos PM, Vidal-Puig A, Moita LF, Maguire S, Stříšovský K, Ortega FJ, Fernández-Real JM, Lichtenthaler SF, Adrain C. Semaphorin 4B is an ADAM17-cleaved adipokine that inhibits adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101731. [PMID: 37121509 PMCID: PMC10197113 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The metalloprotease ADAM17 (also called TACE) plays fundamental roles in homeostasis by shedding key signaling molecules from the cell surface. Although its importance for the immune system and epithelial tissues is well-documented, little is known about the role of ADAM17 in metabolic homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ADAM17 expression, specifically in adipose tissues, on metabolic homeostasis. METHODS We used histopathology, molecular, proteomic, transcriptomic, in vivo integrative physiological and ex vivo biochemical approaches to determine the impact of adipose tissue-specific deletion of ADAM17 upon adipocyte and whole organism metabolic physiology. RESULTS ADAM17adipoq-creΔ/Δ mice exhibited a hypermetabolic phenotype characterized by elevated energy consumption and increased levels of adipocyte thermogenic gene expression. On a high fat diet, these mice were more thermogenic, while exhibiting elevated expression levels of genes associated with lipid oxidation and lipolysis. This hypermetabolic phenotype protected mutant mice from obesogenic challenge, limiting weight gain, hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance. Activation of beta-adrenoceptors by the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, a key regulator of adipocyte physiology, triggered the shedding of ADAM17 substrates, and regulated ADAM17 expression at the mRNA and protein levels, hence identifying a functional connection between thermogenic licensing and the regulation of ADAM17. Proteomic studies identified Semaphorin 4B (SEMA4B), as a novel ADAM17-shed adipokine, whose expression is regulated by physiological thermogenic cues, that acts to inhibit adipocyte differentiation and dampen thermogenic responses in adipocytes. Transcriptomic data showed that cleaved SEMA4B acts in an autocrine manner in brown adipocytes to repress the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and lipid uptake, storage and catabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify a novel ADAM17-dependent axis, regulated by beta-adrenoceptors and mediated by the ADAM17-cleaved form of SEMA4B, that modulates energy balance in adipocytes by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, thermogenesis and lipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbasit Amin
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Marina Badenes
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University, Lisbon, Portugal; Faculty of Veterinary Nursing, Polytechnic Institute of Lusofonia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Érika de Carvalho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-Nova), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Emma Burbridge
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Pedro Faísca
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Květa Trávníčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - André Barros
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Centro de Investigacíon Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedro M Domingos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-Nova), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Centro de Investigacíon Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Luís F Moita
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sarah Maguire
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Kvido Stříšovský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco J Ortega
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Institute of Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Institute of Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Colin Adrain
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland.
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5
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Al Madhoun A, Kochumon S, Haddad D, Thomas R, Nizam R, Miranda L, Sindhu S, Bitar MS, Ahmad R, Al-Mulla F. Adipose Tissue Caveolin-1 Upregulation in Obesity Involves TNF-α/NF-κB Mediated Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071019. [PMID: 37048092 PMCID: PMC10093236 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. Obese people have higher levels of caveolin-1 (CAV1), a structural and functional protein present in adipose tissues (ATs). We aimed to define the inflammatory mediators that influence CAV1 gene regulation and the associated mechanisms in obesity. Using subcutaneous AT from 27 (7 lean and 20 obese) normoglycemic individuals, in vitro human adipocyte models, and in vivo mice models, we found elevated CAV1 expression in obese AT and a positive correlation between the gene expression of CAV1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). CAV1 gene expression was associated with proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and their cognate receptors (r ≥ 0.447, p ≤ 0.030), but not with anti-inflammatory markers. CAV1 expression was correlated with CD163, indicating a prospective role for CAV1 in the adipose inflammatory microenvironment. Unlike wild-type animals, mice lacking TNF-α exhibited reduced levels of CAV1 mRNA/proteins, which were elevated by administering exogenous TNF-α. Mechanistically, TNF-α induces CAV1 gene transcription by mediating NF-κB binding to its two regulatory elements located in the CAV1 proximal regulatory region. The interplay between CAV1 and the TNF-α signaling pathway is intriguing and has potential as a target for therapeutic interventions in obesity and metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (R.N.); (M.S.B.)
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (L.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (R.A.); (F.A.-M.); Tel.: +965-2224-2999 (ext. 2211) (F.A.-M.)
| | - Shihab Kochumon
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Dania Haddad
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (R.N.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Reeby Thomas
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Rasheeba Nizam
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (R.N.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Lavina Miranda
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (L.M.); (S.S.)
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Milad S. Bitar
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (R.N.); (M.S.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya 046300, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (R.A.); (F.A.-M.); Tel.: +965-2224-2999 (ext. 2211) (F.A.-M.)
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (R.N.); (M.S.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (R.A.); (F.A.-M.); Tel.: +965-2224-2999 (ext. 2211) (F.A.-M.)
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Howe AM, Burke S, O'Reilly ME, McGillicuddy FC, Costello DA. Palmitic Acid and Oleic Acid Differently Modulate TLR2-Mediated Inflammatory Responses in Microglia and Macrophages. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2348-2362. [PMID: 35079937 PMCID: PMC9016023 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between systemic immunity and neuroinflammation is widely recognised. Infiltration of peripheral immune cells to the CNS during certain chronic inflammatory states contributes significantly to neuropathology. Obesity and its co-morbidities are primary risk factors for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Dietary fats are among the most proinflammatory components of the obesogenic diet and play a prominent role in the low-grade systemic inflammation associated with the obese state. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) is largely implicated in the negative consequences of obesity, while the health benefits of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) are widely acknowledged. The current study sought to explore whether SFA and MUFA differently modulate inflammatory responses in the brain, compared with peripheral immune cells. Moreover, we assessed the neuroinflammatory impact of high-fat-induced obesity and hypothesised that a MUFA-rich diet might mitigate inflammation despite obesogenic conditions. Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 mediates the inflammation associated with both obesity and AD. Using the TLR2 agonist lipoteichoic acid (LTA), we report that pre-exposure to either palmitic acid (PA) or oleic acid (OA) attenuated cytokine secretion from microglia, but heightened sensitivity to nitric oxide (NO) production. The reduction in cytokine secretion was mirrored in LTA-stimulated macrophages following exposure to PA only, while effects on NO were restricted to OA, highlighting important cell-specific differences. An obesogenic diet over 12 weeks did not induce prominent inflammatory changes in either cortex or hippocampus, irrespective of fat composition. However, we reveal a clear disparity in the effects of MUFA under obesogenic and non-obesogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Howe
- UCD School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sinéad Burke
- UCD School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marcella E O'Reilly
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fiona C McGillicuddy
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Derek A Costello
- UCD School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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7
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Emma EM, Amanda J. Dietary lipids from body to brain. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101144. [PMID: 34915080 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary habits have drastically changed over the last decades in Western societies. The Western diet, rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans fatty acids (TFA), omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and cholesterol, is accepted as an important factor in the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes type 2. Alongside these diseases, nutrition is associated with the prevalence of brain disorders. Although clinical and epidemiological studies revealed that metabolic diseases and brain disorders might be related, the underlying pathology is multifactorial, making it hard to determine causal links. Neuroinflammation can be a result of unhealthy diets that may cause alterations in peripheral metabolism. Especially, dietary fatty acids are of interest, as they act as signalling molecules responsible for inflammatory processes. Diets rich in n-6 PUFA, SFA and TFA increase neuroinflammation, whereas diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), omega-3 (n-3) PUFA and sphingolipids (SL) can diminish neuroinflammation. Moreover, these pro- and anti-inflammatory diets might indirectly influence neuroinflammation via the adipose tissue, microbiome, intestine and vasculature. Here, we review the impact of nutrition on brain health. In particular, we will discuss the role of dietary lipids in signalling pathways directly applicable to inflammation and neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Emma
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Amanda
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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8
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Saitoh S, Van Wijk K, Nakajima O. Crosstalk between Metabolic Disorders and Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810017. [PMID: 34576181 PMCID: PMC8469678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome results from multiple risk factors that arise from insulin resistance induced by abnormal fat deposition. Chronic inflammation owing to obesity primarily results from the recruitment of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into the adipose tissue stroma, as the adipocytes within become hypertrophied. During obesity-induced inflammation in adipose tissue, pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced by macrophages and recruit further pro-inflammatory immune cells into the adipose tissue to boost the immune response. Here, we provide an overview of the biology of macrophages in adipose tissue and the relationship between other immune cells, such as CD4+ T cells, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells, and obesity and type 2 diabetes. Finally, we discuss the link between the human pathology and immune response and metabolism and further highlight potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
| | - Koen Van Wijk
- Research Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
| | - Osamu Nakajima
- Research Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Lownik JC, Farrar JS, Pearce JV, Celi FS, Martin RK. Adipocyte ADAM17 plays a limited role in metabolic inflammation. Adipocyte 2020; 9:509-522. [PMID: 32892692 PMCID: PMC7714430 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1814544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of ADAM17, its substrates, and its natural inhibitor has been well studied in the context of inflammation, including metabolic inflammation, with mixed results. Previous studies examining global Adam17 knockdown models and ADAM17 inhibition using overexpression of endogenous ADAM17 inhibitors have shown improved metabolic health and decreased metabolic inflammation. However, there have been no studies examining the role of adipocyte ADAM17 using in vivo models. In this study, we developed an adipocyte-specific Adam17 knockout model using Adipoq-Cre-expressing mice crossed with Adam17-floxed mice. Using this model, we show that loss of adipocyte ADAM17 plays no evident role in baseline metabolic responses. Surprisingly, in a state of metabolic stress using high-fat diet (HFD), we observed that adipocyte ADAM17 had little effect overall on the metabolic phenotype as well as inflammatory cell populations. Using whole-body metabolic phenotyping, we show that loss of ADAM17 has no effect on energy utilization both at a baseline state as well as following HFD. However, lastly, using high-parameter flow cytometry, we show that loss of adipocyte ADAM17 alters macrophage and eosinophil populations following HFD. Overall, the studies presented here give more insight into the role of ADAM17 in metabolic responses and metabolic inflammation, specifically in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Lownik
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jared S. Farrar
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Janina V. Pearce
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Francesco S. Celi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca K. Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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10
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Zhou C, Qin Y, Chen R, Gao F, Zhang J, Lu F. Fenugreek attenuates obesity-induced inflammation and improves insulin resistance through downregulation of iRhom2/TACE. Life Sci 2020; 258:118222. [PMID: 32768577 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We previously reported that fenugreek-derived 4-hydroxyisoleucine ameliorates insulin resistance via regulation of TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) expression. In the present study, we further investigate the effects and mechanisms of fenugreek on obesity-induced inflammation and insulin signaling in the high-fat diet (HFD)-challenged obese mice. MAIN METHODS After 12 weeks of HFD intervention, mice were treated with the low or high dosages of fenugreek. Serum levels of glucose, insulin, lipid profile, inflammation cytokines, and adipokines were detected. Macrophage infiltration and adipose tissue morphology were observed. Western blot was conducted to investigate the expressions of inactive rhomboid 2 (iRhom2) and TACE as well as other signaling pathways in subcutaneous adipose tissue. KEY FINDINGS We showed that fenugreek significantly suppressed body weight gain and fat accumulation in HFD-challenged obese mice. Meanwhile, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR in fenugreek-treated mice were remarkably decreased, which were properly explained by fenugreek-induced activation of the insulin receptor signaling pathway. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory properties of fenugreek were shown by the decrease of systemic and local expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as reduced macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue. Additionally, fenugreek markedly deactivated NF-κB and JNK pathways. Finally, we demonstrated that fenugreek strikingly repressed the transcriptions and expressions of iRhom2 and TACE. SIGNIFICANCE Fenugreek shows an encouraging and promising property in ameliorating insulin resistance and suppressing inflammation in obesity, which might be realized by fenugreek-mediated inhibition of iRhom2/TACE axis-facilitated TNF-α release from adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - You Qin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Furong Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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11
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Stromal CCL2 Signaling Promotes Mammary Tumor Fibrosis through Recruitment of Myeloid-Lineage Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082083. [PMID: 32731354 PMCID: PMC7465971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is correlated with breast tumor desmoplasia, leading to diminished chemotherapy response and disease-free survival. Obesity causes chronic, macrophage-driven inflammation within breast tissue, initiated by chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) signaling from adipose stromal cells. To understand how CCL2-induced inflammation alters breast tumor pathology, we transplanted oncogenically transformed human breast epithelial cells with breast stromal cells expressing CCL2 or empty vector into murine mammary glands and examined tumor formation and progression with time. As tumors developed, macrophages were rapidly recruited, followed by the emergence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and collagen deposition. Depletion of CD11b + myeloid lineage cells early in tumor formation reduced tumor growth, CAF numbers, and collagen deposition. CCL2 expression within developing tumors also enhanced recruitment of myeloid progenitor cells from the bone marrow into the tumor site. The myeloid progenitor cell population contained elevated numbers of fibrocytes, which exhibited platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα)-dependent colony formation and growth in vitro. Together, these results suggest that chronic inflammation induced by CCL2 significantly enhances tumor growth and promotes the formation of a desmoplastic stroma through early recruitment of macrophages and fibrocytes into the tumor microenvironment. Fibrocytes may be a novel target in the tumor microenvironment to reduce tumor fibrosis and enhance treatment responses for obese breast cancer patients.
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12
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Role of Caveolin-1 in Diabetes and Its Complications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9761539. [PMID: 32082483 PMCID: PMC7007939 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9761539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that in 2017 there were 451 million people with diabetes worldwide. These figures are expected to increase to 693 million by 2045; thus, innovative preventative programs and treatments are a necessity to fight this escalating pandemic disorder. Caveolin-1 (CAV1), an integral membrane protein, is the principal component of caveolae in membranes and is involved in multiple cellular functions such as endocytosis, cholesterol homeostasis, signal transduction, and mechanoprotection. Previous studies demonstrated that CAV1 is critical for insulin receptor-mediated signaling, insulin secretion, and potentially the development of insulin resistance. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the role of CAV1 in diabetes and diabetic complications.
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13
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Transcriptome Modifications in the Porcine Intramuscular Adipocytes during Differentiation and Exogenous Stimulation with TNF-α and Serotonin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020638. [PMID: 31963662 PMCID: PMC7013444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are dynamic cells that have critical functions to maintain body energy homeostasis. Adipocyte physiology is affected by the adipogenic differentiation, cell program, as well as by the exogenous stimulation of biochemical factors, such as serotonin and TNF-α. In this work, we investigated the global transcriptome modifications when porcine intramuscular preadipocyte (PIP) was differentiated into porcine mature adipocyte (pMA). Moreover, we studied transcriptome changes in pMA after stimulation with serotonin or TNF-α by using a microarray approach. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of 270, 261, and 249 genes were modified after differentiation, or after serotonin and TNF-α stimulation, respectively. Expression changes in APP, HNF4A, ESR1, EGR1, SRC, HNF1A, FN1, ALB, STAT3, CBL, CEBPB, AR, FOS, CFTR, PAN2, PTPN6, VDR, PPARG, STAT5A and NCOA3 genes which are enriched in the ‘PPAR signaling’ and ‘insulin resistance’ pathways were found in adipocytes during the differentiation process. Dose-dependent serotonin stimulation resulted in a decreased fat accumulation in pMAs. Serotonin-induced differentially expressed genes in pMAs were found to be involved in the significant enrichment of ′GPCR ligand-binding′, ‘cell chemotaxis’, ‘blood coagulation and complement’, ‘metabolism of lipid and lipoproteins’, ‘regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARA’, and ‘lipid digestion, mobilization and transport’ pathways. TNF-α stimulation also resulted in transcriptome modifications linked with proinflammatory responses in the pMA of intramuscular origin. Our results provide a landscape of transcriptome modifications and their linked-biological pathways in response to adipogenesis, and exogenous stimulation of serotonin- and TNF-α to the pMA of intramuscular origin.
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14
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Wang T, Xiao X, Regenstein JM, Wu W, Zhou Y, Wang S, Cheng Y, Wu X, Bao B. Effect on lipid metabolism of mice continuously fed a crab-containing diet. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Minxuan X, Sun Y, Dai X, Zhan J, Long T, Xiong M, Li H, Kuang Q, Tang T, Qin Y, Chenxu G, Jun T. Fisetin attenuates high fat diet-triggered hepatic lipid accumulation: A mechanism involving liver inflammation overload associated TACE/TNF-α pathway. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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16
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Mack KL, Ballinger MA, Phifer-Rixey M, Nachman MW. Gene regulation underlies environmental adaptation in house mice. Genome Res 2018; 28:1636-1645. [PMID: 30194096 PMCID: PMC6211637 DOI: 10.1101/gr.238998.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cis-regulatory regions are thought to play a major role in the genetic basis of adaptation. However, few studies have linked cis-regulatory variation with adaptation in natural populations. Here, using a combination of exome and RNA-seq data, we performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping and allele-specific expression analyses to study the genetic architecture of regulatory variation in wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) using individuals from five populations collected along a latitudinal cline in eastern North America. Mice in this transect showed clinal patterns of variation in several traits, including body mass. Mice were larger in more northern latitudes, in accordance with Bergmann's rule. We identified 17 genes where cis-eQTLs were clinal outliers and for which expression level was correlated with latitude. Among these clinal outliers, we identified two genes (Adam17 and Bcat2) with cis-eQTLs that were associated with adaptive body mass variation and for which expression is correlated with body mass both within and between populations. Finally, we performed a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify expression modules associated with measures of body size variation in these mice. These findings demonstrate the power of combining gene expression data with scans for selection to identify genes involved in adaptive phenotypic evolution, and also provide strong evidence for cis-regulatory elements as essential loci of environmental adaptation in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya L Mack
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Mallory A Ballinger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Megan Phifer-Rixey
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, New Jersey 07764, USA
| | - Michael W Nachman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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17
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Sarmiento Salinas FL, Santillán Benítez JG, Hernández Navarro MD, Mendieta Zerón H. NF-κB1/IKKε Gene Expression and Clinical Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Lab Med 2018; 49:11-17. [PMID: 29069487 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmx033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and autoimmune disorder whose primary characteristic is the chronic inflammation of joints. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there was an association between nuclear factor kappa beta1/IKK epsilon (NF-κB1/IKKε) gene expression and clinical activity in RA. Methods Sixty patients with RA were included in the study: 30 with clinical activity and 30 with clinical remission. NF-κB1/IKKε gene expression was performed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction through relative quantification with Taqman probes. A ROC curve for NF-κB1 and IKKε was also constructed. Results There were significant differences in NF-κB1 and IKKε gene expression (P ≤ .001 and P ≤ .029, respectively) between RA patients with clinical activity and clinical remission. The multivariate lineal general model showed that the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs influenced the NF-κB1 (P = .046) and IKKε (P = .005) expression. The ROC curves for the event "clinical activity" showed the greater area under the curve for NF-κB1 (0.827, 95% CI 0.717-0.937), P ≤ .001. Conclusion Although the use of NSAIDs influences the NF-κB1/IKKε pathway, the IKKε expression might be a useful laboratorial analysis to evaluate the RA clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonnathan Guadalupe Santillán Benítez
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico.,ISSEMyM Medical Center, Metepec, Mexico
| | | | - Hugo Mendieta Zerón
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico.,Asociación Científica Latina A.C., Mexico
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18
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Del Giudice M, Gangestad SW. Rethinking IL-6 and CRP: Why they are more than inflammatory biomarkers, and why it matters. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70:61-75. [PMID: 29499302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral researchers have increasingly become interested in the idea that chronic, low-grade inflammation is a pathway through which social and behavioral variables exert long-term effects on health. Much research in the area employs putative inflammatory biomarkers to infer an underlying state of inflammation. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP, whose production is stimulated by IL-6) are arguably the two most commonly assayed biomarkers. Yet, in contrast with near-universal assumptions in the field, discoveries in immunology over the past two decades show that neither IL-6 nor CRP are unambiguous inflammatory markers. IL-6 operates through two distinct signaling pathways, only one of which is specifically upregulated during inflammation; both pathways have a complex range of effects and influence multiple physiological processes even in absence of inflammation. Similarly, CRP has two isoforms, one of which is produced locally in inflamed or damaged tissues. The other isoform is routinely produced in absence of inflammation and may have net anti-inflammatory effects. We propose a functional framework to account for the multiple actions of IL-6 and CRP. Specifically, we argue that both molecules participate in somatic maintenance efforts; hence elevated levels indicate that an organism is investing in protection, preservation, and/or repair of somatic tissue. Depending on the state of the organism, maintenance may be channeled into resistance against pathogens (including inflammation), pathogen tolerance and harm reduction, or tissue repair. The findings and framework we present have a range of potential implications for the interpretation of empirical findings in this area-a point we illustrate with alternative interpretations of research on socioeconomic status, stress, and depression.
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19
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Ibitoye OB, Ghali UM, Adekunle JB, Uwazie JN, Ajiboye TO. Antidyslipidemic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Stapf) Diels in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:8128125. [PMID: 29234430 PMCID: PMC5672693 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8128125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Stapf) Diels leaves are widely used in the treatment of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular related complications in Nigeria. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory and antiobesity effect of aqueous extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii leaves in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese rats. HFD-fed rats were given 100, 200, and 400 mgkg-1 body weight of aqueous extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii leaves for 4 weeks starting from 9th week of HFD treatment. D. cumminsii leaves aqueous extract reversed HFD-mediated decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Moreover, HFD-mediated elevation in the levels of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and DNA fragmentation in rats liver was lowered. HFD-mediated alterations in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reversed by the extract. The treatment of HFD-fed rats reduced the levels of insulin, leptin, protein carbonyl, fragmented DNA, and tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin- (IL-) 6 and IL- 8 and increased the adiponectin level. This study showed that aqueous extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii leaves has potential antiobesity and anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of obesity-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and obesity-related disorder in HFD-induced obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. B. Ibitoye
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - U. M. Ghali
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - J. B. Adekunle
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - J. N. Uwazie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - T. O. Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
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Mikirova NA, Kesari S, Ichim TE, Riordan NH. Effect of Infla-Kine supplementation on the gene expression of inflammatory markers in peripheral mononuclear cells and on C-reactive protein in blood. J Transl Med 2017; 15:213. [PMID: 29058588 PMCID: PMC5651612 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation is a predisposing factor to numerous degenerative diseases including cancer, heart failure and Alzheimer’s disease. Infla-Kine is a natural supplement comprised of a proprietary blend of Lactobacillus fermentum extract, burdock seed (arctigenin), zinc, alpha lipoic acid, papaya enzyme and an enhanced absorption bio-curcumin complex (BCM-95®). Methods Infla-Kine was administered twice daily to 24 health volunteers for 4 weeks. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to assess mRNA transcripts of IL-1b, IL8, IL-6, NF-κB, and TNF-α from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). C reactive protein (CRP) was measured from serum. Additionally, quality of life questionnaires were employed to assess general feeling of well-being. Assessments were made before treatment and at conclusion of treatment (4 weeks). Results As compared to pre-treatment, after 4 weeks, a statistically significant reduction of IL8, IL-6, NF-κB, and TNF-α transcripts was observed in PBMC. Furthermore, reduction of IL-1b transcript and serum CRP was observed but did not reach statistical significance. Quality of life improvements were most prevalent in muscle and joint pains. Conclusions Overall, our data demonstrate that twice daily administration of Infla-Kine for 4 weeks reduces inflammatory markers and quality of life in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neuro-Oncology and Neuro-therapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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21
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Kelsh-Lasher RM, Ambesi A, Bertram C, McKeown-Longo PJ. Integrin α4β1 and TLR4 Cooperate to Induce Fibrotic Gene Expression in Response to Fibronectin's EDA Domain. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2505-2512. [PMID: 28842322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of fibronectin increases expression of the EDA+ isoform of fibronectin (EDA+Fn), a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, which promotes fibro-inflammatory disease through the activation of toll-like receptors. Our studies indicate that the fibronectin EDA domain drives two waves of gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts. The first wave, seen at 2 hours, consisted of inflammatory genes, VCAM1, and tumor necrosis factor. The second wave, evaluated at 24 hours, was composed of the fibrosis-associated cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 and extracellular matrix genes fibronectin and osteopontin. Gene expression was coordinately regulated by the α4β1 integrin and the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 4. Additionally, we found a significant toll-like receptor 4/α4β1-dependent enrichment in the ratio of EDA+Fn to total fibronectin in response to EDA, consistent with EDA+Fn initiating further production of EDA+Fn. Our data also suggest that the EDA/α4β1 integrin interaction primes the cell for an enhanced response to toll-like receptor 4 ligands. Our studies provide evidence that remodeling of the fibronectin matrix in injured or diseased tissue elicits an EDA-dependent fibro-inflammatory response in dermal fibroblasts. The data suggest a paradigm of damage-associated molecular pattern-based signaling whereby damage-associated molecular pattern binding integrins cooperate with innate immune receptors to stimulate inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon M Kelsh-Lasher
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Ambesi
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ceyda Bertram
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Paula J McKeown-Longo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.
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22
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Bo L, Yi-Can Y, Qing Z, Xiao-Hui W, Ke H, Chao-Chun Z. Elevated tumour necrosis factor-alpha was associated with intima thickening in obese children. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:627-633. [PMID: 28036103 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the relationship between intima-media thickness (IMT) and immune parameters in obese children from five to 16 years of age. METHODS We enrolled 185 obese children with a mean age of 10.65 ± 2.10 years and 211 controls with a mean age of 10.32 ± 1.81 years. Glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, sex hormones, immune indices and carotid IMT were measured. RESULTS Serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, white blood cells and common and internal carotid artery IMTs in the obese group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05, respectively). Bivariate correlation analysis showed that the common carotid arterial IMT was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, uric acid, apolipoprotein B, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone. Internal carotid artery IMT was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase and follicle-stimulating hormone. Both common and internal carotid artery IMTs were inversely correlated with apolipoprotein A1 (p < 0.05, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that testosterone, alanine aminotransferase and TNF-alpha were the independent determinants of common carotid arterial IMT. CONCLUSION Tumour necrosis factor-alpha, alanine aminotransferase and testosterone were associated with intima thickening in the early life in obese children and may increase later risks of premature atherogenicity and adult cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Bo
- Department of Endocrinology; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
- Department of Paediatrics; Zhuji People's Hospital; Shaoxing China
| | - Yang Yi-Can
- Department of Endocrinology; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - Zhou Qing
- Department of Endocrinology; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - Wu Xiao-Hui
- Department of Endocrinology; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - Huang Ke
- Department of Endocrinology; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - Zou Chao-Chun
- Department of Endocrinology; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
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Müller A, Niederstadt L, Jonas W, Yi CX, Meyer F, Wiedmer P, Fischer J, Grötzinger C, Schürmann A, Tschöp M, Kleinau G, Grüters A, Krude H, Biebermann H. Ring Finger Protein 11 Inhibits Melanocortin 3 and 4 Receptor Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:109. [PMID: 27551276 PMCID: PMC4976663 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intact melanocortin signaling via the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R), and melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) is crucial for body weight maintenance. So far, no connection between melanocortin signaling and hypothalamic inflammation has been reported. Using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation library screen, we identified a new interaction partner for these receptors, ring finger protein 11 (RNF11). RNF11 participates in the constitution of the A20 complex that is involved in reduction of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced NFκB signaling, an important pathway in hypothalamic inflammation. Mice treated with high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 days demonstrated a trend toward an increase in hypothalamic Rnf11 expression, as shown for other inflammatory markers under HFD. Furthermore, Gs-mediated signaling of MC3/4R was demonstrated to be strongly reduced to 20-40% by co-expression of RNF11 despite unchanged total receptor expression. Cell surface expression was not affected for MC3R but resulted in a significant reduction of MC4R to 61% by co-expression with RNF11. Mechanisms linking HFD, inflammation, and metabolism remain partially understood. In this study, a new axis between signaling of specific body weight regulating GPCRs and factors involved in hypothalamic inflammation is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Müller
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Niederstadt
- Tumor Targeting Laboratory, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenke Jonas
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Franziska Meyer
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Wiedmer
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Jana Fischer
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Grötzinger
- Tumor Targeting Laboratory, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Grüters
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Krude
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Heike Biebermann,
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24
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Abstract
Obesity is characterized as a chronic state of low-grade inflammation with progressive immune cell infiltration into adipose tissues. Adipose tissue macrophages play critical roles in the establishment of the chronic inflammatory state and metabolic dysfunctions. The novel discovery that pro-inflammatory macrophages are recruited to obese adipose tissue prompted an increased interest in the interplay between immune cells and metabolism. Since this discovery, many works have been published investigating the factors that lead to macrophage recruitment, the phenotypic change of adipose tissue macrophages, and metabolic dysfunctions. Adipokines and chemokines are key mediators that play crucial roles in crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages and in regulating the adipose tissue inflammation. In the present review, we discuss the obesity-mediated adipose tissue remodelling, and particularly, the role of adipokines/chemokines in macrophage recruitment to obese adipose tissue. This review provides new insights into the physiological role of these factors and identifies a potential therapeutic target for obesity and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bai
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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