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Petrine JPC, Jacques LS, da Cruz Santos TM, Pereira FAC, Castelo PM, -Borges BDB. The impact of mental health and psychological stressors on menstrual cycle modulation: exploring the influence of age and hormonal contraceptives. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01499-1. [PMID: 39120635 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Stress, infections, and psychological and social well-being can affect the reproductive system. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can disrupt ovarian cyclicity. Estrogens can modulate stress responsiveness and mood. Thus, understanding this interaction and how it modulates the menstrual cycle is crucial for women's reproductive health. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of a stressor, a period of the Covid-19 pandemic when there were no vaccines available yet, on the psychological state of women aged 18 to 45 years; as well as the influence of mental health on the menstrual cycle, considering the influence of age and hormonal contraceptives. METHOD Online questionnaire using the Google Forms platform was used. RESULTS There is a high prevalence of the onset of new psychosocial symptoms. Moreover, most women reported some type of change in their menstrual cycles. The women who were using hormonal contraceptives demonstrated a higher frequency of spotting and menstrual color alterations, while women without hormonal contraceptives demonstrated a higher frequency of cycle duration and menstrual odor alterations. Women without hormonal contraceptives were more susceptible to the development of psychosocial symptoms. Younger adult women were more affected by menstrual changes and psychosocial symptoms. Close to 90% of women who reported several psychosocial symptoms had changes in their menstrual cycles. CONCLUSION These data suggest the impact of stressors, such as a period of the pandemic, on mental health and menstrual cycles, and younger adult women can be more susceptible. This reflects the relationship between mental and reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Pereira Castro Petrine
- Department of Food Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Campus Universitário, Lavras, CP: 3037, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Sampaio Jacques
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA; Campus Universitário, Lavras, CP: 3037, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Tayná Márcia da Cruz Santos
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA; Campus Universitário, Lavras, CP: 3037, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Aparecida Castro Pereira
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA; Campus Universitário, Lavras, CP: 3037, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Bruno Del Bianco -Borges
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA; Campus Universitário, Lavras, CP: 3037, 37200-000, Brazil.
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2
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Li Y, Liu ZW, Santana GM, Capaz AM, Doumazane E, Gao XB, Renier N, Dietrich MO. Neurons for infant social behaviors in the mouse zona incerta. Science 2024; 385:409-416. [PMID: 39052814 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk7411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the neural basis of infant social behaviors is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of early social and emotional development. In this work, we report a specific population of somatostatin-expressing neurons in the zona incerta (ZISST) of preweaning mice that responds dynamically to social interactions, particularly those with their mother. Bidirectional neural activity manipulations in pups revealed that widespread connectivity of preweaning ZISST neurons to sensory, emotional, and cognitive brain centers mediates two key adaptive functions associated with maternal presence: the reduction of behavior distress and the facilitation of learning. These findings reveal a population of neurons in the infant mouse brain that coordinate the positive effects of the relationship with the mother on an infant's behavior and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexuan Li
- Laboratory of Physiology of Behavior, Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gustavo M Santana
- Laboratory of Physiology of Behavior, Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ana Marta Capaz
- Laboratoire de Plasticité Structurale, Sorbonne Université, ICM Paris Brain Institute, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Doumazane
- Laboratoire de Plasticité Structurale, Sorbonne Université, ICM Paris Brain Institute, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nicolas Renier
- Laboratoire de Plasticité Structurale, Sorbonne Université, ICM Paris Brain Institute, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marcelo O Dietrich
- Laboratory of Physiology of Behavior, Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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3
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Demori I, Losacco S, Giordano G, Mucci V, Blanchini F, Burlando B. Fibromyalgia pathogenesis explained by a neuroendocrine multistable model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303573. [PMID: 38990866 PMCID: PMC11238986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a central disorder characterized by chronic pain, fatigue, insomnia, depression, and other minor symptoms. Knowledge about pathogenesis is lacking, diagnosis difficult, clinical approach puzzling, and patient management disappointing. We conducted a theoretical study based on literature data and computational analysis, aimed at developing a comprehensive model of FM pathogenesis and addressing suitable therapeutic targets. We started from the evidence that FM must involve a dysregulation of central pain processing, is female prevalent, suggesting a role for the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and is stress-related, suggesting a role for the HP-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Central pathogenesis was supposed to involve a pain processing loop system including the thalamic ventroposterolateral nucleus (VPL), the primary somatosensory cortex (SSC), and the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). For decreasing GABAergic and/or increasing glutamatergic transmission, the loop system crosses a bifurcation point, switching from monostable to bistable, and converging on a high-firing-rate steady state supposed to be the pathogenic condition. Thereafter, we showed that GABAergic transmission is positively correlated with gonadal-hormone-derived neurosteroids, notably allopregnanolone, whereas glutamatergic transmission is positively correlated with stress-induced glucocorticoids, notably cortisol. Finally, we built a dynamic model describing a multistable, double-inhibitory loop between HPG and HPA axes. This system has a high-HPA/low-HPG steady state, allegedly reached in females under combined premenstrual/postpartum brain allopregnanolone withdrawal and stress condition, driving the thalamocortical loop to the high-firing-rate steady state, and explaining the connection between endocrine and neural mechanisms in FM pathogenesis. Our model accounts for FM female prevalence and stress correlation, suggesting the use of neurosteroid drugs as a possible solution to currently unsolved problems in the clinical treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Demori
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Serena Losacco
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Giordano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, (TN), Italy
- Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Viviana Mucci
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Franco Blanchini
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Bruno Burlando
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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4
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Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Czarzasta K, Bogacki-Rychlik W, Kowara M. The Interaction of Vasopressin with Hormones of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: The Significance for Therapeutic Strategies in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7394. [PMID: 39000501 PMCID: PMC11242374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that vasopressin (AVP) and steroid hormones are frequently secreted together and closely cooperate in the regulation of blood pressure, metabolism, water-electrolyte balance, and behavior, thereby securing survival and the comfort of life. Vasopressin cooperates with hormones of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) at several levels through regulation of the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and multiple steroid hormones, as well as through interactions with steroids in the target organs. These interactions are facilitated by positive and negative feedback between specific components of the HPA. Altogether, AVP and the HPA cooperate closely as a coordinated functional AVP-HPA system. It has been shown that cooperation between AVP and steroid hormones may be affected by cellular stress combined with hypoxia, and by metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory disorders; neurogenic stress; and inflammation. Growing evidence indicates that central and peripheral interactions between AVP and steroid hormones are reprogrammed in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and that these rearrangements exert either beneficial or harmful effects. The present review highlights specific mechanisms of the interactions between AVP and steroids at cellular and systemic levels and analyses the consequences of the inappropriate cooperation of various components of the AVP-HPA system for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Chen H, Feng Y, Cui J, Wang X. Response of CRH system in brain and gill of marine medaka to seawater acidification. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1225-1236. [PMID: 38512395 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is mainly secreted by the hypothalamus to regulate stress when environmental factors change. Gills contact with water directly and may also secrete CRH to maintain local homeostasis. Ocean acidification changes water chemical parameters and is becoming an important environmental stressor for marine fish. The response of brain and gill CRH systems to ocean acidification remains unclear. In this study, marine medaka were exposed to CO2-acidified seawater (440 ppm, 1000 ppm, and 1800 ppm CO2) for 2 h, 4 h, 24 h, and 7 d, respectively. At 2 h and 4 h, the expression of crh mRNA in gills increased with increasing CO2 concentration. Crh protein is expressed mainly in the lamellae cells. crhbp and crhr1 expression also increased significantly. However, at 2 h and 4 h, acidification caused little changes in these genes and Crh protein expression in the brain. At 7 d, Crh-positive cells were detected in the hypothalamus; moreover, Crh protein expression in the whole brain increased. It is suggested that CRH autocrine secretion in gills is responsible for local acid-base regulation rather than systemic mobilization after short-term acidification stress, which may help the rapid regulation of body damage caused by environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijin Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoyi Feng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghui Cui
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Uvnäs-Moberg K, Gross MM, Calleja-Agius J, Turner JD. The Yin and Yang of the oxytocin and stress systems: opposites, yet interdependent and intertwined determinants of lifelong health trajectories. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1272270. [PMID: 38689729 PMCID: PMC11058227 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1272270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
During parturition and the immediate post-partum period there are two opposite, yet interdependent and intertwined systems that are highly active and play a role in determining lifelong health and behaviour in both the mother and her infant: the stress and the anti-stress (oxytocin) system. Before attempting to understand how the environment around birth determines long-term health trajectories, it is essential to understand how these two systems operate and how they interact. Here, we discuss together the hormonal and neuronal arms of both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the oxytocinergic systems and how they interact. Although the HPA axis and glucocorticoid stress axis are well studied, the role of oxytocin as an extremely powerful anti-stress hormone deserves more attention. It is clear that these anti-stress effects depend on oxytocinergic nerves emanating from the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and project to multiple sites at which the stress system is regulated. These, include projections to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons within the PVN, to the anterior pituitary, to areas involved in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous control, to NA neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), and to CRH neurons in the amygdala. In the context of the interaction between the HPA axis and the oxytocin system birth is a particularly interesting period as, for both the mother and the infant, both systems are very strongly activated within the same narrow time window. Data suggest that the HPA axis and the oxytocin system appear to interact in this early-life period, with effects lasting many years. If mother-child skin-to-skin contact occurs almost immediately postpartum, the effects of the anti-stress (oxytocin) system become more prominent, moderating lifelong health trajectories. There is clear evidence that HPA axis activity during this time is dependent on the balance between the HPA axis and the oxytocin system, the latter being reinforced by specific somatosensory inputs, and this has long-term consequences for stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Uvnäs-Moberg
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Section of Anthrozoology and Applied Ethology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
| | - Mechthild M. Gross
- Midwifery Research and Education Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Jonathan D. Turner
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
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7
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Dinevska M, Widodo SS, Cook L, Stylli SS, Ramsay RG, Mantamadiotis T. CREB: A multifaceted transcriptional regulator of neural and immune function in CNS tumors. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:140-149. [PMID: 38070619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the central nervous system (CNS) are unique with respect to their tumor microenvironment. Such a status is due to immune-privilege and the cellular behaviors within a highly networked, neural-rich milieu. During tumor development in the CNS, neural, immune and cancer cells establish complex cell-to-cell communication networks which mimic physiological functions, including paracrine signaling and synapse-like formations. This crosstalk regulates diverse pathological functions contributing to tumor progression. In the CNS, regulation of physiological and pathological functions relies on various cell signaling and transcription programs. At the core of these events lies the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB), a master transcriptional regulator in the CNS. CREB is a kinase inducible transcription factor which regulates many CNS functions, including neurogenesis, neuronal survival, neuronal activation and long-term memory. Here, we discuss how CREB-regulated mechanisms operating in diverse cell types, which control development and function of the CNS, are co-opted in CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Dinevska
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel S Widodo
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert G Ramsay
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Stem Cell Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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8
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Deng S, Guo A, Huang Z, Guan K, Zhu Y, Chan C, Gui J, Song C, Li X. The exploration of neuroinflammatory mechanism by which CRHR2 deficiency induced anxiety disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 128:110844. [PMID: 37640149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and triggers glial neuroinflammatory phenotypes, which reduces monoamine neurotransmitters by activating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme. These changes can induce psychiatric diseases, including anxiety. Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) in the HPA axis is involved in the etiology of anxiety. Omega(n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can attenuate anxiety through anti-inflammation and HPA axis modulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by CRHR2 modulates anxiety and its correlation with neuroinflammation remain unclear. Here, we first constructed a crhr2 zebrafish mutant line, and evaluated anxiety-like behaviors, gene expression associated with the HPA axis, neuroinflammatory response, neurotransmitters, and PUFAs profile in crhr2+/+ and crhr2-/- zebrafish. The crhr2 deficiency decreased cortisol levels and up-regulated crhr1 and down-regulated crhb, crhbp, ucn3l and proopiomelanocortin a (pomc a) in zebrafish. Interestingly, a significant increase in the neuroinflammatory markers, translocator protein (TSPO) and the activation of microglia M1 phenotype (CD11b) were found in crhr2-/- zebrafish. As a consequence, the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, pro-inflammatory cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor, and astrocyte A1 phenotype c3 were up-regulated. While microglia anti-inflammatory phenotype (CD206), central anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4, arginase-1, and transforming growth factor-β were downregulated. In parallel, crhr2-deficient zebrafish showed an upregulation of vdac1 protein, a TSPO ligand, and its downstream caspase-3. Furthermore, 5-HT/5-HIAA ratio was decreased and n-3 PUFAs deficiency was identified in crhr2-/- zebrafish. In conclusion, anxiety-like behavior displayed by crhr2-deficient zebrafish may be caused by the HPA axis dysfunction and enhanced neuroinflammation, which resulted in n-3 PUFAs and monoamine neurotransmitter reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Deng
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Anqi Guo
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheekai Chan
- College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jianfang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Montgomery KR, Bridi MS, Folts LM, Marx-Rattner R, Zierden HC, Wulff AB, Kodjo EA, Thompson SM, Bale TL. Chemogenetic activation of CRF neurons as a model of chronic stress produces sex-specific physiological and behavioral effects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:443-454. [PMID: 37833589 PMCID: PMC10724197 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Trauma and chronic stress exposure are the strongest predictors of lifetime neuropsychiatric disease presentation. These disorders often have significant sex biases, with females having higher incidences of affective disorders such as major depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Understanding the mechanisms by which stress exposure heightens disease vulnerability is essential for developing novel interventions. Current rodent stress models consist of a battery of sensory, homeostatic, and psychological stressors that are ultimately integrated by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons to trigger corticosteroid release. These stress paradigms, however, often differ between research groups in the type, timing, and duration of stressors utilized. These inconsistencies, along with the variability of individual animals' perception and response to each stressor, present challenges for reproducibility and translational relevance. Here, we hypothesized that a more direct approach using chemogenetic activation of CRF neurons would recapitulate the effects of traditional stress paradigms and provide a high-throughput method for examining stress-relevant phenotypes. Using a transgenic approach to express the Gq-coupled Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) receptor hM3Dq in CRF-neurons, we found that the DREADD ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) produced an acute and robust activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as predicted. Interestingly, chronic treatment with this method of direct CRF activation uncovered a novel sex-specific dissociation of glucocorticoid levels with stress-related outcomes. Despite hM3Dq-expressing females producing greater corticosterone levels in response to CNO than males, hM3Dq-expressing males showed significant typical physiological stress sensitivity with reductions in body and thymus weights. hM3Dq-expressing females while resistant to the physiological effects of chronic CRF activation, showed significant increases in baseline and fear-conditioned freezing behaviors. These data establish a novel mouse model for interrogating stress-relevant phenotypes and highlight sex-specific stress circuitry distinct for physiological and limbic control that may underlie disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Morgan S Bridi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lillian M Folts
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ruth Marx-Rattner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Hannah C Zierden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Andreas B Wulff
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Emmanuela A Kodjo
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Scott M Thompson
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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10
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Palamarchuk IS, Slavich GM, Vaillancourt T, Rajji TK. Stress-related cellular pathophysiology as a crosstalk risk factor for neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:65. [PMID: 38087196 PMCID: PMC10714507 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, we examine biological processes linking psychological stress and cognition, with a focus on how psychological stress can activate multiple neurobiological mechanisms that drive cognitive decline and behavioral change. First, we describe the general neurobiology of the stress response to define neurocognitive stress reactivity. Second, we review aspects of epigenetic regulation, synaptic transmission, sex hormones, photoperiodic plasticity, and psychoneuroimmunological processes that can contribute to cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric conditions. Third, we explain mechanistic processes linking the stress response and neuropathology. Fourth, we discuss molecular nuances such as an interplay between kinases and proteins, as well as differential role of sex hormones, that can increase vulnerability to cognitive and emotional dysregulation following stress. Finally, we explicate several testable hypotheses for stress, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric research. Together, this work highlights how stress processes alter neurophysiology on multiple levels to increase individuals' risk for neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders, and points toward novel therapeutic targets for mitigating these effects. The resulting models can thus advance dementia and mental health research, and translational neuroscience, with an eye toward clinical application in cognitive and behavioral neurology, and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna S Palamarchuk
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J1H4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Division of Neurology, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Rayatpour A, Radahmadi M, Izadi MS, Ghasemi M. Effects of sub-chronic CRH administration into the hypothalamic paraventricular and central amygdala nuclei in male rats with a focus on food intake biomarkers. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20200221. [PMID: 38088701 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CRH neurons are found in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and central amygdala(CeA) nuclei. This study investigated the effects of sub-chronic CRH administration into the PVN and CeA nuclei on food intake biomarkers in rats divided into five groups: control, two shams, and two CRH-PVN and CRH-CeA groups(receiving CRH in nuclei for seven days). The CRH-PVN group had significantly higher cumulative food intake and food intake trends than the CRH-CeA group. The CRH-CeA and CRH-PVN groups exhibited significant increases in food intake during hours 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover, to be time-dependent, food intake is modulated by different brain nuclei. The CRH signaling pathway appeared to be activated later in the PVN than CeA. Both groups exhibited significantly higher leptin levels, the CRH-PVN group exhibited higher ghrelin levels and lower glucose levels. Repetitive administration of CRH into the PVN and CeA significantly reduced body weight differences. CRH administration into the PVN affected both leptin and ghrelin levels, but ghrelin had a greater impact on glucose variations and cumulative food intake than leptin. Finally, CRH administration into the PVN and CeA likely activated the HPA axis, and the CeA had a greater impact on the stress circuit than on food intake behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Rayatpour
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hezar Jerib street, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Radahmadi
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hezar Jerib street, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina S Izadi
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hezar Jerib street, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hezar Jerib street, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Howland MA. Recalibration of the stress response system over adult development: Is there a perinatal recalibration period? Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2315-2337. [PMID: 37641984 PMCID: PMC10901284 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
During early life-sensitive periods (i.e., fetal, infancy), the developing stress response system adaptively calibrates to match environmental conditions, whether harsh or supportive. Recent evidence suggests that puberty is another window when the stress system is open to recalibration if environmental conditions have shifted significantly. Whether additional periods of recalibration exist in adulthood remains to be established. The present paper draws parallels between childhood (re)calibration periods and the perinatal period to hypothesize that this phase may be an additional window of stress recalibration in adult life. Specifically, the perinatal period (defined here to include pregnancy, lactation, and early parenthood) is also a developmental switch point characterized by heightened neural plasticity and marked changes in stress system function. After discussing these similarities, lines of empirical evidence needed to substantiate the perinatal stress recalibration hypothesis are proposed, and existing research support is reviewed. Complexities and challenges related to delineating the boundaries of perinatal stress recalibration and empirically testing this hypothesis are discussed, as well as possibilities for future multidisciplinary research. In the theme of this special issue, perinatal stress recalibration may be a mechanism of multilevel, multisystem risk, and resilience, both intra-individually and intergenerationally, with implications for optimizing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann A Howland
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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13
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Riggs BJ, Carpenter JL. Pediatric Neurocritical Care: Maximizing Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Through Specialty Care. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 149:187-198. [PMID: 37748977 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The field of pediatric neurocritical care (PNCC) has expanded and evolved over the last three decades. As mortality from pediatric critical care illness has declined, morbidity from neurodevelopmental disorders has expanded. PNCC clinicians have adopted a multidisciplinary approach to rapidly identify neurological injury, implement neuroprotective therapies, minimize secondary neurological insults, and establish transitions of care, all with the goal of improving neurocognitive outcomes for their patients. Although there are many aspects of PNCC and adult neurocritical care (NCC) medicine that are similar, elemental difference between adult and pediatric medicine has contributed to a divergent evolution of the respective fields. The low incidence of pediatric critical care illness, the heterogeneity of neurological insults, and the limited availability of resources all shape the need for a PNCC clinical care model that is distinct from the established paradigm adopted by the adult neurocritical care community at large. Considerations of neurodevelopment are fundamental in pediatrics. When neurological injury occurs in a child, the neurodevelopmental stage at the time of insult alters the impact of the neurological disease. Developmental variables contribute to a range of outcomes for seemingly similar injuries. Despite the relative infancy of the field of PNCC, early reports have shown that implementation of a specialized PNCC service elevates the quality and safety of care, promotes education and communication, and improves outcomes for children with acute neurological injuries. The multidisciplinary approach of PNCC clinicians and researchers also promotes a culture that emphasizes the importance of quality improvement and education initiatives, as well as development of and adherence to evidence-based guidelines and family-focused care models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky J Riggs
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Jessica L Carpenter
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Ding Y, Liu G, Zeng F, Yan Y, Jing H, Jiang X. Adrenal gland responses surgical castration and immunocastration by different compensatory manners to increase DHEA secretion. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:966-973. [PMID: 34904516 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2007116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Androgen from the testis and weak androgens from the adrenal cortex may interact with each other and affect their synthesis and secretion due to their similar functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the compensatory effect of adrenal in rats after immunocastration and surgical castration, and the interaction between the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. 24 male SD rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into three groups and accepted treatments: surgical castration group, immunocastration group and control group. In both surgical castration and immunocastration groups, the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) hormones was significantly increased compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In the HPT axis of the immunocastration group, the KISS1 expression was up-regulated, whereas GPR54, LH and LHR expression were down-regulated (p < 0.05). The expression levels of CRH, POMC and MC2R genes were also significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05). In addition, in the immunocastration group, the expression of adrenal LHR mRNA expression was decreased (p < 0.05). The expression of HPT axis genes and adrenal LHR were up-regulated in the surgical castration group (p < 0.05). These results show that in both immunocastration and surgical castration, adrenal androgen is increased, suggesting that the adrenal gland plays a compensatory role. Moreover, it also shows that different castration treatments have effects on adrenal steroid secretion through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanmei Zeng
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Yan
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijing Jing
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunping Jiang
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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15
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Shi TS, Li WY, Chen YM, Huang J, Guan W, Xu DW, Jiang B. The antidepressant-like effects of escitalopram in mice require salt-inducible kinase 1 and CREB-regulated transcription co-activator 1 in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:228-238. [PMID: 37257779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1)-CREB-regulated transcription co-activator 1 (CRTC1) system in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus has been demonstrated to participate in not only depression neurobiology but also the antidepressant mechanisms of fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, and duloxetine. Like fluoxetine and paroxetine, escitalopram is also a well-known selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). However, recently it has been found that escitalopram can modulate a lot of targets other than the 5-HT system. Here, we speculate that escitalopram produces effects on the SIK1-CRTC1 system in the PVN. METHODS Two mice models of depression (chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)), various behavioral tests, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence, and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer were used together in the present study. RESULTS It was found that escitalopram administration not only significantly prevented the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis induced by CSDS and CUMS, but also notably reversed the effects of CSDS and CUMS on SIK1, CRTC1, and CRTC1-CREB binding in the PVN of mice. AAV-based genetic knock-down of SIK1 in PVN neurons evidently abolished the antidepressant-like effects of escitalopram in mice. LIMITATION A shortage of this study is that only rodent models of depression were used, while human samples were not included. CONCLUSIONS In summary, regulating the SIK1-CRTC1 system in the PVN participates in the antidepressant mechanism of escitalopram, which extends the knowledge of the pharmacological actions of escitalopram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Shun Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Mei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da-Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Berendzen KM, Bales KL, Manoli DS. Attachment across the lifespan: Examining the intersection of pair bonding neurobiology and healthy aging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105339. [PMID: 37536581 PMCID: PMC11073483 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that intact social bonds are protective against age-related morbidity, while bond disruption and social isolation increase the risk for multiple age-related diseases. Social attachments, the enduring, selective bonds formed between individuals, are thus essential to human health. Socially monogamous species like the prairie vole (M. ochrogaster) form long-term pair bonds, allowing us to investigate the mechanisms underlying attachment and the poorly understood connection between social bonds and health. In this review, we explore several potential areas of focus emerging from data in humans and other species associating attachment and healthy aging, and evidence from prairie voles that may clarify this link. We examine gaps in our understanding of social cognition and pair bond behavior. Finally, we discuss physiologic pathways related to pair bonding that promote resilience to the processes of aging and age-related disease. Advances in the development of molecular genetic tools in monogamous species will allow us to bridge the mechanistic gaps presented and identify conserved research and therapeutic targets relevant to human health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. Berendzen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 95158, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 95158, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 95158, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 95158, USA
| | - Karen L. Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis; Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis; Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Devanand S. Manoli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 95158, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 95158, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 95158, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 95158, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 95158, USA
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17
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Bhuiyan P, Sun Z, Chen Y, Qian Y. Peripheral surgery triggers mast cells activation: Focusing on neuroinflammation. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114593. [PMID: 37499912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral surgery can lead to a systemic aseptic inflammatory response comprising several mediators aiming at restoring tissue homeostasis. It induces inflammatory mechanisms through neuroimmune interaction between the periphery and to brain which also plays a critical role in causing cognitive impairments. Accumulating scientific evidence revealed that acute neuroinflammation of the brain triggered by peripheral surgery that causes peripheral inflammation leads to transmitting signals into the brain through immune cells. Mast cells (MCs) play an important role in the acute neuroinflammation induced by peripheral surgical trauma. After peripheral surgery, brain-resident MCs can be rapidly activated followed by releasing histamine, tryptase, and other inflammatory mediators. These mediators then interact with other immune cells in the peripheral and amplify the signal into the brain by disrupting BBB and activating principle innate immune cells of brain including microglia, astrocytes, and vascular endothelial cells, which release abundant inflammatory mediators and in turn accelerate the activation of brain MCs, amplify the cascade effect of neuroinflammatory response. Surgical stress may induce HPA axis activation by releasing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) subsequently influence the activation of brain MCs, thus resulting in impaired synaptic plasticity. Herein, we discuss the better understating of MCs mediated neuroinflammation mechanisms after peripheral surgery and potential therapeutic targets for controlling inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piplu Bhuiyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaochu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Sheng ZF, Zhang H, Phaup JG, Zheng P, Kang X, Liu Z, Chang HM, Yeh ETH, Johnson AK, Pan HL, Li DP. Corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the central nucleus of amygdala are required for chronic stress-induced hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1751-1762. [PMID: 37041718 PMCID: PMC10325697 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic stress is a well-known risk factor for the development of hypertension. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) are involved in the autonomic responses to chronic stress. Here, we determined the role of CeA-CRH neurons in chronic stress-induced hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Borderline hypertensive rats (BHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Firing activity and M-currents of CeA-CRH neurons were assessed, and a CRH-Cre-directed chemogenetic approach was used to suppress CeA-CRH neurons. CUS induced a sustained elevation of arterial blood pressure (ABP) and heart rate (HR) in BHRs, while in WKY rats, CUS-induced increases in ABP and HR quickly returned to baseline levels after CUS ended. CeA-CRH neurons displayed significantly higher firing activities in CUS-treated BHRs than unstressed BHRs. Selectively suppressing CeA-CRH neurons by chemogenetic approach attenuated CUS-induced hypertension and decreased elevated sympathetic outflow in CUS-treated BHRs. Also, CUS significantly decreased protein and mRNA levels of Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 channels in the CeA of BHRs. M-currents in CeA-CRH neurons were significantly decreased in CUS-treated BHRs compared with unstressed BHRs. Blocking Kv7 channel with its blocker XE-991 increased the excitability of CeA-CRH neurons in unstressed BHRs but not in CUS-treated BHRs. Microinjection of XE-991 into the CeA increased sympathetic outflow and ABP in unstressed BHRs but not in CUS-treated BHRs. CONCLUSIONS CeA-CRH neurons are required for chronic stress-induced sustained hypertension. The hyperactivity of CeA-CRH neurons may be due to impaired Kv7 channel activity, which represents a new mechanism involved in chronic stress-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Fu Sheng
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jeffery G Phaup
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - PeiRu Zheng
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - XunLei Kang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Hui-Ming Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Toxicology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Edward T H Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Toxicology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Alan Kim Johnson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, G60 Psychological and Brain Sciences Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hui-Lin Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - De-Pei Li
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Mposhi A, Turner JD. How can early life adversity still exert an effect decades later? A question of timing, tissues and mechanisms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1215544. [PMID: 37457711 PMCID: PMC10348484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to any number of stressors during the first 1000 days from conception to age 2 years is important in shaping an individual's life trajectory of health and disease. Despite the expanding range of stressors as well as later-life phenotypes and outcomes, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous data strongly suggests that early-life exposure to a stressor reduces the capacity of the immune system to generate subsequent generations of naïve cells, while others have shown that, early life stress impairs the capacity of neuronal stem cells to proliferate as they age. This leads us to the "stem cell hypothesis" whereby exposure to adversity during a sensitive period acts through a common mechanism in all the cell types by programming the tissue resident progenitor cells. Furthermore, we review the mechanistic differences observed in fully differentiated cells and suggest that early life adversity (ELA) may alter mitochondria in stem cells. This may consequently alter the destiny of these cells, producing the lifelong "supply" of functionally altered fully differentiated cells.
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20
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Chen HJC, Mazzaferro S, Tian T, Mali I, Merkle FT. Differentiation, Transcriptomic Profiling, and Calcium Imaging of Human Hypothalamic Neurons. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e786. [PMID: 37272700 PMCID: PMC7614736 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the hypothalamus orchestrate homeostatic physiological processes and behaviors essential for life. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be differentiated into many types of hypothalamic neurons, progenitors, and glia. This updated unit includes published studies and protocols with new advances in the differentiation, maturation, and interrogation by transcriptomic profiling and calcium imaging of human hypothalamic cell populations. Specifically, new methods to freeze and thaw hypothalamic progenitors after they have been patterned and before substantial neurogenesis has occurred are provided that will facilitate experimental flexibility and planning. Also included are updated recipes and protocols for neuronal maturation, with details on the equipment and methods for examining their transcriptomic response and cell-autonomous properties in culture in the presence of synaptic blockers. Together, these protocols facilitate the adoption and use of this model system for fundamental biological discovery and therapeutic translation to human diseases such as obesity, diabetes, sleep disorders, infertility, and chronic stress. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: hPSC maintenance Basic Protocol 2: Hypothalamic neuron differentiation Support Protocol 1: Cortical neuron (control) differentiation Basic Protocol 3: Neuronal maturation Support Protocol 2: Cryopreservation and thawing of neuronal progenitors Support Protocol 3: Quality control: Confirmation of hypothalamic patterning and neurogenesis Support Protocol 4: Bulk RNA sequencing of hypothalamic cultures Basic Protocol 4: Calcium imaging of hypothalamic neurons using Fura-2 AM Alternate Protocol: Calcium imaging of green fluorescent hypothalamic neurons using Rhod-3 AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simone Mazzaferro
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tian Tian
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iman Mali
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian T. Merkle
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Ren L, Tai F. Voluntary wheel running ameliorates abnormalities in social behavior induced by social isolation: involvement of neural and neurochemical responses. Neurosci Lett 2023; 806:137241. [PMID: 37031945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) can lead to devastating behavioral effects. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that physical activity can improve sociability and brain functions, but whether voluntary exercise can ameliorate SI-induced abnormalities in social behavior and its underlying neuronal mechanisms remains unknown. The present study found that SI during adulthood increased aggression in the resident-intruder test and motivation for social exploration in the three-chamber test. Voluntary wheel running (VWR) could reverse the alterations in social behavior induced by SI in male mice. In addition, SI reduced the number of c-Fos-immunoreactive neurons and increased c-Fos/AVP-labeled neurons in the PVN and c-Fos/TPH2-labeled neurons in the DRN. These alterations could be reversed by VWR. Together, our results reveal that voluntary exercise could ameliorate SI-induced negative effects on social behavior, possibly via alterations of neuronal activation in the brain. This finding provides a potential therapy and targets to prevent or treat the psychological diseases associated with abnormalities in social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ren
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Fadao Tai
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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22
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Waddell H, Stevenson TJ, Mole DJ. The role of the circadian rhythms in critical illness with a focus on acute pancreatitis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15335. [PMID: 37089281 PMCID: PMC10119767 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are responsible for governing various physiological processes, including hormone secretion, immune responses, metabolism, and the sleep/wake cycle. In critical illnesses such as acute pancreatitis (AP), circadian rhythms can become dysregulated due to disease. Evidence suggests that time of onset of disease, coupled with peripheral inflammation brought about by AP will impact on the circadian rhythms generated in the central pacemaker and peripheral tissues. Cells of the innate and adaptive immune system are governed by circadian rhythms and the diurnal pattern of expression can be disrupted during disease. Peak circadian immune cell release and gene expression can coincide with AP onset, that may increase pancreatic injury, tissue damage and the potential for systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure to develop. Here, we provide an overview of the role of circadian rhythms in AP and the underpinning inflammatory mechanisms to contextualise ongoing research into the chronobiology and chronotherapeutics of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Waddell
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tyler J. Stevenson
- Institute of Biodiversity and Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Damian J. Mole
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Clinical Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
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23
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Makris G, Eleftheriades A, Pervanidou P. Early Life Stress, Hormones, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 96:17-24. [PMID: 35259742 DOI: 10.1159/000523942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress (ELS) describes a broad spectrum of adverse and stressful prenatal events, namely, prenatal maternal stress (PMS), or early postnatal events, which can have detrimental long-term influences on the physiology, cognition, and behavior of an individual. There is abundant evidence indicating that ELS exerts its lasting effects on the physical and mental health of the individual, likely acting through a number of mediating mechanisms, including the disruption of developmental programming of the fetus. Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), for example, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are a group of conditions that typically manifest during infancy, childhood, or adolescence and are characterized by developmental deficits in various domains. SUMMARY The scope of the current mini-review is to provide an up-to-date summary of the findings regarding the association of ELS and NDDs and the possible hormonal mechanisms through which PMS exerts its impact on neurodevelopment. We focus on the available evidence regarding children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD or ASD. ELS exposure during developmental vulnerability windows may increase the risk for either subclinical neuropsychological alterations or clinical conditions, such as NDDs. In fact, a large body of evidence underlies the association of ELS exposure and increased risk for NDDs in the offspring. KEY MESSAGES The majority of data suggest that ELS, including PMS, may be associated with ADHD and ASD in the offspring, although there is no consensus regarding the critical developmental periods. Carefully controlled prospective studies are needed to determine the possible causal processes and mechanisms underlying the association of ELS and NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Makris
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Eleftheriades
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece,
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24
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Jammoul M, Naddour J, Madi A, Reslan MA, Hatoum F, Zeineddine J, Abou-Kheir W, Lawand N. Investigating the possible mechanisms of autonomic dysfunction post-COVID-19. Auton Neurosci 2023; 245:103071. [PMID: 36580747 PMCID: PMC9789535 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.103071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with long COVID suffer from many neurological manifestations that persist for 3 months following infection by SARS-CoV-2. Autonomic dysfunction (AD) or dysautonomia is one complication of long COVID that causes patients to experience fatigue, dizziness, syncope, dyspnea, orthostatic intolerance, nausea, vomiting, and heart palpitations. The pathophysiology behind AD onset post-COVID is largely unknown. As such, this review aims to highlight the potential mechanisms by which AD occurs in patients with long COVID. The first proposed mechanism includes the direct invasion of the hypothalamus or the medulla by SARS-CoV-2. Entry to these autonomic centers may occur through the neuronal or hematogenous routes. However, evidence so far indicates that neurological manifestations such as AD are caused indirectly. Another mechanism is autoimmunity whereby autoantibodies against different receptors and glycoproteins expressed on cellular membranes are produced. Additionally, persistent inflammation and hypoxia can work separately or together to promote sympathetic overactivation in a bidirectional interaction. Renin-angiotensin system imbalance can also drive AD in long COVID through the downregulation of relevant receptors and formation of autoantibodies. Understanding the pathophysiology of AD post-COVID-19 may help provide early diagnosis and better therapy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Jammoul
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Judith Naddour
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amir Madi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mohammad Amine Reslan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Hatoum
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada Lawand
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.
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25
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Bu G, Lin Y, Liu J, Yu P, Yong T, Yang M, Huang L, Han X, Du X, Kong F, Huang A, Zeng X, Meng F. Evidence for progesterone acting as an inhibitor of stress axis via stimulating pituitary neuropeptide B/W receptor 2 (NPBWR2) expression in chickens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 226:106218. [PMID: 36368625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) axis is the main endocrine pathway regulating the stress response, thus also called the stress axis. It has been well-accepted that the stress axis is tightly controlled by both hypothalamic stimulators and inhibitors [e.g. corticotropin (ACTH)-releasing inhibitory factor (CRIF)]. However, the identity of authentic CRIF remains unclear for decades. Recently, neuropeptide W (NPW) was proved to be the physiological CRIF in chickens. Together with its functional receptor (NPBWR2), they play critical roles in attenuating the activity of the chicken stress axis. Because increasing pieces of evidence suggested that sex steroids could regulate the stress axis, using chicken as a model, we investigated whether the newly identified CRIF and its receptor are under the control of sex steroids in this study. Our results showed that: (1) expression of NPW-NPBWR2 in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis was sexually dimorphic and developmental stage-dependent; (2) progesterone (P4), rather than 17β-estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), could dose- and time-dependently upregulate NPBWR2 expression, which was accompanied with the decrease of ACTH synthesis and secretion, in cultured pituitary cells; (3) intraperitoneal injection of P4 could elevate the mRNA level of pituitary NPBWR2; (4) P4-stimulated NPBWR2 expression was relevant to both nPR-mediated genomic action and mPRs-triggered nongenomic route associated with MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT cascade, and calcium influx. To our knowledge, our results discover a novel route of sex steroids in modulating the stress axis of chickens, which lays a foundation to reveal the complicated interaction network between reproduction and stress axes in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixian Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China.
| | - Ying Lin
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Pan Yu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Tao Yong
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Linyan Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Fanli Kong
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Anqi Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China.
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26
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Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone: Biology and Therapeutic Opportunities. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121785. [PMID: 36552294 PMCID: PMC9775501 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 1981, Wylie Vale, Joachim Spiess, Catherine Rivier, and Jean Rivier reported on the characterization of a 41-amino-acid peptide from ovine hypothalamic extracts with high potency and intrinsic activity stimulating the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone and β-endorphin by cultured anterior pituitary cells. With its sequence known, this neuropeptide was determined to be a hormone and consequently named corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), although the term corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is still used and preferred in some circumstances. Several decades have passed since this seminal contribution that opened a new research era, expanding the understanding of the coding of stress-related processes. The characterization of CRH receptors, the availability of CRH agonists and antagonists, and advanced immunocytochemical staining techniques have provided evidence that CRH plays a role in the regulation of several biological systems. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present knowledge of this 41-amino-acid peptide.
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27
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Local production of corticotropin-releasing hormone in prefrontal cortex modulates male-specific novelty exploration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211454119. [PMID: 36442105 PMCID: PMC9894189 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211454119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulatory substances can be released from distal afferents for communication between brain structures or produced locally to modulate neighboring circuit elements. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from long-range neurons in the hypothalamus projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been shown to induce anxiety-like behaviors. However, the role of CRH produced in the mPFC has not been investigated. Here we demonstrate that a specific class of mPFC interneurons that express CRH (CrhINs) releases CRH upon high-frequency stimulation to enhance excitability of layer 2/3 pyramidal cells (L2/3 PCs) expressing the CRH receptors. When stimulated at low frequency, CrhINs release GABA resulting in the inhibition of oxytocin receptor-expressing interneurons (OxtrINs) and L2/3 PCs. Conditional deletion of CRH in mPFC CrhINs and chemogenetic activation of CrhINs have opposite effects on novelty exploration in male but not in female mice, and do not affect anxiety-related behaviors in either males or females. Our data reveal that CRH produced by local interneurons in the mPFC is required for sex-specific novelty exploration and suggest that our understanding of complex behaviors may require knowledge of local and remote neuromodulatory action.
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28
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Wang Y, Liu L, Gu JH, Wang CN, Guan W, Liu Y, Tang WQ, Ji CH, Chen YM, Huang J, Li WY, Shi TS, Chen WJ, Zhu BL, Jiang B. Salt-inducible kinase 1-CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 signalling in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus plays a role in depression by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Mol Psychiatry 2022:10.1038/s41380-022-01881-4. [PMID: 36434056 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during chronic stress is critical for understanding depression and treating depression. The secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is controlled by salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) and CREB-regulated transcription co-activators (CRTCs). We hypothesised that the SIK-CRTC system in the PVN might contribute to the pathogenesis of depression. Thus, the present study employed chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) models of depression, various behavioural tests, virus-mediated gene transfer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence to investigate this connection. Our results revealed that both CSDS and CUMS induced significant changes in SIK1-CRTC1 signalling in PVN neurons. Both genetic knockdown of SIK1 and genetic overexpression of CRTC1 in the PVN simulated chronic stress, producing a depression-like phenotype in naive mice, and the CRTC1-CREB-CRH pathway mediates the pro-depressant actions induced by SIK1 knockdown in the PVN. In contrast, both genetic overexpression of SIK1 and genetic knockdown of CRTC1 in the PVN protected against CSDS and CUMS, leading to antidepressant-like effects in mice. Moreover, stereotactic infusion of TAT-SIK1 into the PVN also produced beneficial effects against chronic stress. Furthermore, the SIK1-CRTC1 system in the PVN played a role in the antidepressant actions of fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, and duloxetine. Collectively, SIK1 and CRTC1 in PVN neurons are closely involved in depression neurobiology, and they could be viable targets for novel antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Niu Wang
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qian Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Hui Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Mei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian-Shun Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bao-Lun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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Shao M, Yuan F, Liu J, Luo H. Mast Cell Specific Receptor Mrgprb2 Regulating Experimental Colitis is Associated with the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6137-6151. [PMID: 36386594 PMCID: PMC9656444 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s383812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients have disturbances in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and mast cells are important components of this axis. The mast cell-specific receptor Mrgprb2 has effects on host defense against bacterial infection and neurogenic inflammation, which may help mast cells act on the axis. This study analyzed how Mrgprb2 participates in the pathogenesis of UC by affecting the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Materials and Methods Mrgprb2 knockout (b2KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were fed 2% (w/v) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days, which was then replaced with normal water for 14 days. This cycle was repeated three times. Feces were collected on Days 21, 42, and 63 for intestinal microbiota analysis, and mice were euthanized on Day 64. Hypothalamus, amygdala and colon tissues were removed and analyzed. Results Compared with WT mice, B2KO mice exhibited increased weight loss, colon shortening and colonic pathological damage after colitis induction. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed that b2KO mice with colitis had a significant decrease in the abundance and diversity, as well as an increase in Allobaculum and a decrease in norank_f__Muribaculaceae and Ileibacterium. In colon tissues, the expression of mucin 2 (MUC2) and junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) in b2KO mice was reduced, and oxidative stress levels were higher. B2KO mice with colitis had higher corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA levels in hypothalamus tissues and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels in the amygdala. Conclusion In the microbiota-gut-brain axis, Mrgprb2 was involved in regulating the intestinal microbiota composition, intestinal barrier and oxidative stress levels, and was related to stress regulation, which might help to explain the pathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangting Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hesheng Luo, Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China, Email
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30
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Tsukioka K, Yamanaka K, Waki H. Implication of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala in Cardiovascular Regulation and Limiting Maximum Exercise Performance During High-intensity Exercise in Rats. Neuroscience 2022; 496:52-63. [PMID: 35690335 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To date, the mechanism of central fatigue during high-intensity exercise has remained unclear. Here we elucidate the central mechanisms of cardiovascular regulation during high-intensity exercise with a focus on the hypothesis that amygdala activation acts to limit maximum exercise performance. In the first of three experiments, we probed the involvement of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in such regulation. Wistar rats were subjected to a maximum exercise test and their total running time and cardiovascular responses were compared before and after bilateral CeA lesions. Next, probing the role of central pathways, we tested whether high-intensity exercise activated neurons in CeA and/or the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) that project to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Finally, to understand the potential autonomic mechanisms affecting maximum exercise performance, we measured the cardiovascular responses in anesthetized rats to electrical microstimulation of the CeA, PVN, or both. We have found that (1) CeA lesions resulted in an increase in the total exercise time and the time at which an abrupt increase in arterial pressure appeared, indicating an apparent suppression of fatigue. (2) We confirmed that high-intensity exercise activated both the PVN-NTS and CeA-NTS pathways. Moreover, we discovered that (3) while stimulation of the CeA or PVN alone both induced pressor responses, their simultaneous stimulation also increased muscle vascular resistance. These results are evidence that cardiovascular responses during high-intensity exercise are affected by CeA activation, which acts to limit maximum exercise performance, and may implicate autonomic control modulating the PVN-NTS pathway via the CeA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Tsukioka
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Ko Yamanaka
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Hidefumi Waki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan.
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31
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Henríquez Martínez A, Ávila LC, Pulido MA, Ardila YA, Akle V, Bloch NI. Age-Dependent Effects of Chronic Stress on Zebrafish Behavior and Regeneration. Front Physiol 2022; 13:856778. [PMID: 35574490 PMCID: PMC9106366 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress can have a significant impact on many aspects of an organism’s physiology and behavior. However, the relationship between stress and regeneration, and how this relationship changes with age remains poorly understood. Here, we subjected young and old zebrafish to a chronic stress protocol and evaluated the impact of stress exposure on multiple measures of zebrafish behavior, specifically thigmotaxis (open field test) and scototaxis (light/dark preference test), and on regeneration ability after partial tail amputation. We found evidence that young and older adult fish are differentially impacted by stress. Only young fish showed a significant change in anxiety-like behaviors after being exposed to chronic stress, while their regeneration ability was not affected by the stress protocol. On the other hand, older fish regenerated their caudal fin significantly slower compared to young fish, but their behavior remained unaffected after being exposed to stress. We further investigated the expression of two candidate genes (nlgn1 and sam2) expressed in the central nervous system, and known to be associated with stress and anxiety-like behavior. The expression of stress-related gene candidate sam2 increased in the brain of older individuals exposed to stress. Our results suggest there is a close relationship between chronic stress, regeneration, and behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio), and that the impact of stress is age-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Henríquez Martínez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura C. Ávila
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María A. Pulido
- School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Veronica Akle
- School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natasha I. Bloch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Natasha I. Bloch,
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32
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Spinelli E, Werner Junior J. Human adaptative behavior to Antarctic conditions: A review of physiological aspects. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1556. [PMID: 35419979 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Antarctic environment induces adaptive metabolic and neuroendocrine changes associated with survival, as well as increased risks to physical and mental health. Circadian disruption has been observed in Antarctic expeditioners. The main consequences appear in quality of sleep, which can affect physical and cognitive performance. Physiological adaptation to cold is mediated by the norepinephrine and thyroid hormones (T3 and 3,5-T2 metabolite). The observed changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis of expeditioners varied according to temperature, photoperiod, time spent in the cold environment and stress level. The decrease in T3 levels has frequently been associated with mood swings. Psychological and physical stressors cause disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, with consequent maintenance of high cortisol levels, leading to memory impairment, immunosuppression, and cardiometabolic and reproductive disorders. Preventive measures, such as provision of adequate food, well-established eating times, physical activity and even the use of phototherapy, can all help maintain the circadian rhythm. In addition, the use of high-tech clothing and room temperature control in research stations provide greater protection against the effects of intense cold. However, psychological stress requires a more individualized approach based on the crew's sociocultural characteristics, but it can be mitigated by mental healthcare and training in coping strategies. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Cardiovascular Diseases > Environmental Factors Metabolic Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliani Spinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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NPFF Decreases Activity of Human Arcuate NPY Neurons: A Study in Embryonic-Stem-Cell-Derived Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063260. [PMID: 35328681 PMCID: PMC8948797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoring the control of food intake is the key to obesity management and prevention. The arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus is extensively being studied as a potential anti-obesity target. Animal studies showed that neuropeptide FF (NPFF) reduces food intake by its action in neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons of the hypothalamic ARC, but the detailed mode of action observed in human neurons is missing, due to the lack of a human-neuron-based model for pharmacology testing. Here, we validated and utilized a human-neural-stem-cell-based (hNSC) model of ARC to test the effects of NPFF on cellular pathways and neuronal activity. We found that in the human neurons, decreased cAMP levels by NPFF resulted in a reduced rate of cytoplasmic calcium oscillations, indicating an inhibition of ARC NPY neurons. This suggests the therapeutic potential of NPFFR2 in obesity. In addition, we demonstrate the use of human-stem-cell-derived neurons in pharmacological applications and the potential of this model to address functional aspects of human hypothalamic neurons.
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Wang J, Zhu F, Huang W, Chen Z, Zhao P, Lei Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Sun B, Li H. Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism of Acupuncture in Autoimmune Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:639-652. [PMID: 35282807 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are conditions arising from abnormal immune reactions to autoantigens, which can be defined as the loss of immune tolerance to autoantigens, causing the production of autoantibodies and subsequent inflammation and tissue injury. The etiology of AIDs remains elusive, which may involve both genetic and environmental factors, such as diet, drugs, and infections. Despite rapid progress in the treatment of autoimmune diseases over the past few decades, there is still no approach that can cure AIDs. As an alternative approach, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) such as acupuncture has been used in an attempt to treat AIDs including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the results have proven to be quite promising, despite the fact that its mechanism is still not fully understood. In this review, the present knowledge regarding mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of AIDs has been summarized, and deeper insights will be provided in order to better understand how acupuncture may regulate immune responses during AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Lei
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xijun Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Hulun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
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Makris G, Agorastos A, Chrousos GP, Pervanidou P. Stress System Activation in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:756628. [PMID: 35095389 PMCID: PMC8793840 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.756628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mission of the human stress system is the maintenance of homeostasis in the presence of real or perceived, acute or chronic stressors. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are the stress system-related neuroendocrine pathways. There is abundant evidence that children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may exhibit atypical function within the HPA axis and the ANS both at the resting state and during the presence of social and/or non-social stressors. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of the findings regarding stress system alterations in children and adolescents with ASD. We focus on the variations of stress hormones circadian rhythms, specifically cortisol and alpha-amylase (i.e., a surrogate index of epinephrine/norepinephrine secretion), and on the alterations of stress system responsivity to different stressors. Also, we present imaging and immunological findings that have been associated with stress system dysregulation in children and adolescents with ASD. Finally, we review the pivotal role of HPA axis-ANS coordination, the developmental trajectory of the stress system in ASD, and the possible role of early life stress in the dysregulation of the stress system demonstrated in children and adolescents with ASD. This synthesis will hopefully provide researchers with a foundation for an integrated approach to future research into stress system variations in children and adolescents with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Makris
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Gerasimos Makris,
| | - Agorastos Agorastos
- Department of Psychiatry II, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Faught E, Vijayan MM. Coordinated Action of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Cortisol Shapes the Acute Stress-Induced Behavioural Response in Zebrafish. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:74-87. [PMID: 33503614 DOI: 10.1159/000514778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The stress response mediated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation is highly conserved in vertebrates. Hyperactivity is one such established acute stress response, and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), the primary step in HPA activation, signalling has been implicated in this stressor-mediated behaviour. However, whether CRH mediates the acute behavioural effects either alone or in conjunction with glucocorticoids (GCs) are far from clear. We hypothesized that the CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1)-mediated rise in GCs post-stress is necessary for the initiation and maintenance of the acute stress-related behaviour. METHODS We first generated zebrafish (Danio rerio) with a mutation in the CRHR1 gene (CRHR1-KO) to assess the function of CRH. The behavioural readout utilized for this study was the locomotor activity of larval zebrafish in response to an acute light exposure, a protocol that freezes the larvae in response to the light stimulus. To test whether cortisol signalling is involved in the stress-mediated hyperactivity, we treated wildtype fish with metyrapone (MET), an inhibitor of 11β-hydroxylase, to suppress cortisol production. The temporal role for cortisol signalling in the stress-related hyperactivity was tested using the glucocorticoid receptor knockout (GRKO) and mineralocorticoid receptor knockout (MRKO) zebrafish mutants. RESULTS CRHR1-KO larvae did not increase cortisol, the principal GC in teleosts, post-stress, confirming a functional knockout. An acute stress resulted in the hyperactivity of the larvae in light at 15, 60, and 240 min post-stress, and this was absent in CRHR1-KO larvae. Addition of MET effectively blocked the attendant rise in cortisol post-stress; however, the stress-mediated hyperactivity was inhibited only at 60 and 240 min but not at 15 min post-stress. Addition of human CRH peptide caused hyperactivity at 15 min, and this response was also abolished in the CRHR1-KO mutants. The stress-induced hyperactivity was absent in the MRKO fish, while GRKO mutants showed transient effects. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the stress-induced hyperactivity is induced by the CRH/CRHR1 system, while the temporal activation of cortisol production and the associated GR/MR signalling is essential for prolonging the stressor-induced hyperactivity. This study underscores the importance of systems-level analysis to assess stress responsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Faught
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Short AK, Thai CW, Chen Y, Kamei N, Pham AL, Birnie MT, Bolton JL, Mortazavi A, Baram TZ. Single-Cell Transcriptional Changes in Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-Expressing Neurons After Early-Life Adversity Inform Enduring Alterations in Vulnerabilities to Stress. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 3:99-109. [PMID: 36712559 PMCID: PMC9874075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health and vulnerabilities to neuropsychiatric disorders involve the interplay of genes and environment, particularly during sensitive developmental periods. Early-life adversity (ELA) and stress promote vulnerabilities to stress-related affective disorders, yet it is unknown how transient ELA dictates lifelong neuroendocrine and behavioral reactions to stress. The population of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-expressing neurons that regulate stress responses is a promising candidate to mediate the long-lasting influences of ELA on stress-related behavioral and hormonal responses via enduring transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. Methods Capitalizing on a well-characterized model of ELA, we examined ELA-induced changes in gene expression profiles of CRF-expressing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of developing male mice. We used single-cell RNA sequencing on isolated CRF-expressing neurons. We determined the enduring functional consequences of transcriptional changes on stress reactivity in adult ELA mice, including hormonal responses to acute stress, adrenal weights as a measure of chronic stress, and behaviors in the looming shadow threat task. Results Single-cell transcriptomics identified distinct and novel CRF-expressing neuronal populations, characterized by both their gene expression repertoire and their neurotransmitter profiles. ELA-provoked expression changes were selective to specific subpopulations and affected genes involved in neuronal differentiation, synapse formation, energy metabolism, and cellular responses to stress and injury. Importantly, these expression changes were impactful, apparent from adrenal hypertrophy and augmented behavioral responses to stress in adulthood. Conclusions We uncover a novel repertoire of stress-regulating CRF cell types differentially affected by ELA and resulting in augmented stress vulnerability, with relevance to the origins of stress-related affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel K. Short
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Christina W. Thai
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Yuncai Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Noriko Kamei
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Aidan L. Pham
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Matthew T. Birnie
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Jessica L. Bolton
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Tallie Z. Baram
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Address correspondence to Tallie Z. Baram, M.D., Ph.D.
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Sukhareva EV. The role of the corticotropin-releasing hormone and its receptors in the regulation of stress response. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:216-223. [PMID: 34901719 PMCID: PMC8627883 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is an essential part of everyday life. The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH, also
called CRF and corticoliberin) plays a key role in the integration of neuroendocrine, autonomic and behavioral
responses to stress. The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) by neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), the primary site of synthesis CRH, triggers stress reactions. In addition to the
hypothalamus, CRH is widespread in extrahypothalamic brain structures, where it functions as a neuromodulator
for coordination and interaction between the humoral and behavioral aspects of a stress response. The axons of
neurons expressing CRH are directed to various structures of the brain, where the neuropeptide interacts with
specific receptors (CRHR1, CRHR2) and can affect various mediator systems that work together to transmit signals
to different brain regions to cause many reactions to stress. Moreover, the effect of stress on brain functions varies
from behavioral adaptation to increased survival and increased risk of developing mental disorders. Disturbances
of the CRH system regulation are directly related to such disorders: mental pathologies (depression, anxiety, addictions), deviations of neuroendocrinological functions, inflammation, as well as the onset and development of
neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, the role of CRH as a regulator of the neurons
structure in the areas of the developing and mature brain has been established. To date, studies have been conducted in which CRHR1 is a target for antidepressants, which are, in fact, antagonists of this receptor. In this regard,
the study of the participation of the CRH system and its receptors in negative effects on hormone-dependent
systems, as well as the possibility of preventing them, is a promising task of modern physiological genetics. In this
review, attention will be paid to the role of CRH in the regulation of response to stress, as well as to the involvement
of extrahypothalamic CRH in pathophysiology and the correction of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Sukhareva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Involvement of Ghrelin Dynamics in Stress-Induced Eating Disorder: Effects of Sex and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111695. [PMID: 34769125 PMCID: PMC8583769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress, a factor that affects appetite in our daily lives, enhances or suppresses appetite and changes palatability. However, so far, the mechanisms underlying the link between stress and eating have not been fully elucidated. Among the peripherally produced appetite-related peptides, ghrelin is the only orexigenic peptide, and abnormalities in the dynamics and reactivity of this peptide are involved in appetite abnormalities in various diseases and psychological states. This review presents an overview of the research results of studies evaluating the effects of various stresses on appetite. The first half of this review describes the relationship between appetite and stress, and the second half describes the relationship between the appetite-promoting peptide ghrelin and stress. The effects of sex differences and aging under stress on appetite are also described.
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Raymond JS, Rehn S, Hoyos CM, Bowen MT. The influence of oxytocin-based interventions on sleep-wake and sleep-related behaviour and neurobiology: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1005-1026. [PMID: 34673110 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The oxytocin (OXT) system has garnered considerable interest due to its influence on diverse behaviours. However, scant research has considered the influence of oxytocin on sleep-wake and sleep-related behaviour and neurobiology. Consequently, the objective of this systematic review was to assess the extant preclinical and clinical evidence for the influence of oxytocin-based interventions on sleep-wake outcomes. The primary search was conducted on 22/7/2020 using six electronic databases; 30 studies (19 preclinical, 11 clinical) were included based on inclusion criteria. Studies were evaluated for risk of bias using the SYRCLE tool and the Cochrane risk of bias tools for preclinical and clinical studies, respectively. Results indicated manipulation of the OXT system can influence sleep-wake outcomes. Preclinical evidence suggests a wake-promoting influence of OXT system activation whereas the clinical evidence suggests little or no sleep-promoting influence of OXT. OXT dose was identified as a likely modulatory factor of OXT-induced effects on sleep-wake behaviour. Future studies are necessary to validate and strengthen these tentative conclusions about the influence of OXT on sleep-wake behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Raymond
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Simone Rehn
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Camilla M Hoyos
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael T Bowen
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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dos Santos WO, Gusmao DO, Wasinski F, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Donato J. Effects of Growth Hormone Receptor Ablation in Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9908. [PMID: 34576072 PMCID: PMC8465163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) cells are the dominant neuronal population responsive to the growth hormone (GH) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). However, the physiological importance of GH receptor (GHR) signaling in CRH neurons is currently unknown. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the consequences of GHR ablation in CRH-expressing cells of male and female mice. GHR ablation in CRH cells did not cause significant changes in body weight, body composition, food intake, substrate oxidation, locomotor activity, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, counterregulatory response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose and ghrelin-induced food intake. However, reduced energy expenditure was observed in female mice carrying GHR ablation in CRH cells. The absence of GHR in CRH cells did not affect anxiety, circadian glucocorticoid levels or restraint-stress-induced corticosterone secretion and activation of PVH neurons in both male and female mice. In summary, GHR ablation, specifically in CRH-expressing neurons, does not lead to major alterations in metabolism, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, acute stress response or anxiety in mice. Considering the previous studies showing that central GHR signaling regulates homeostasis in situations of metabolic stress, future studies are still necessary to identify the potential physiological importance of GH action on CRH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian O. dos Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (W.O.d.S.); (D.O.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Daniela O. Gusmao
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (W.O.d.S.); (D.O.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (W.O.d.S.); (D.O.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Edward O. List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (E.O.L.); (J.J.K.)
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (E.O.L.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Jose Donato
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (W.O.d.S.); (D.O.G.); (F.W.)
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Palamarchuk IS, Vaillancourt T. Mental Resilience and Coping With Stress: A Comprehensive, Multi-level Model of Cognitive Processing, Decision Making, and Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:719674. [PMID: 34421556 PMCID: PMC8377204 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.719674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aversive events can evoke strong emotions that trigger cerebral neuroactivity to facilitate behavioral and cognitive shifts to secure physiological stability. However, upon intense and/or chronic exposure to such events, the neural coping processes can be maladaptive and disrupt mental well-being. This maladaptation denotes a pivotal point when psychological stress occurs, which can trigger subconscious, "automatic" neuroreactivity as a defence mechanism to protect the individual from potential danger including overwhelming unpleasant feelings and disturbing or threatening thoughts.The outcomes of maladaptive neural activity are cognitive dysfunctions such as altered memory, decision making, and behavior that impose a risk for mental disorders. Although the neurocognitive phenomena associated with psychological stress are well documented, the complex neural activity and pathways related to stressor detection and stress coping have not been outlined in detail. Accordingly, we define acute and chronic stress-induced pathways, phases, and stages in relation to novel/unpredicted, uncontrollable, and ambiguous stressors. We offer a comprehensive model of the stress-induced alterations associated with multifaceted pathophysiology related to cognitive appraisal and executive functioning in stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna S Palamarchuk
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Chaves T, Fazekas CL, Horváth K, Correia P, Szabó A, Török B, Bánrévi K, Zelena D. Stress Adaptation and the Brainstem with Focus on Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169090. [PMID: 34445795 PMCID: PMC8396605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress adaptation is of utmost importance for the maintenance of homeostasis and, therefore, of life itself. The prevalence of stress-related disorders is increasing, emphasizing the importance of exploratory research on stress adaptation. Two major regulatory pathways exist: the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis and the sympathetic adrenomedullary axis. They act in unison, ensured by the enormous bidirectional connection between their centers, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), and the brainstem monoaminergic cell groups, respectively. PVN and especially their corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) producing neurons are considered to be the centrum of stress regulation. However, the brainstem seems to be equally important. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the present knowledge on the role of classical neurotransmitters of the brainstem (GABA, glutamate as well as serotonin, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine) in stress adaptation. Neuropeptides, including CRH, might be co-localized in the brainstem nuclei. Here we focused on CRH as its role in stress regulation is well-known and widely accepted and other CRH neurons scattered along the brain may also complement the function of the PVN. Although CRH-positive cells are present on some parts of the brainstem, sometimes even in comparable amounts as in the PVN, not much is known about their contribution to stress adaptation. Based on the role of the Barrington’s nucleus in micturition and the inferior olivary complex in the regulation of fine motoric—as the main CRH-containing brainstem areas—we might assume that these areas regulate stress-induced urination and locomotion, respectively. Further studies are necessary for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Chaves
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Horváth
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pedro Correia
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Szabó
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bánrévi
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Radahmadi M, Izadi MS, Rayatpour A, Ghasemi M. ComparativeStudyofCRHMicroinjections Into PVN and CeA Nuclei on Food Intake, Ghrelin, Leptin, and Glucose Levels in Acute Stressed Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:133-148. [PMID: 33995935 PMCID: PMC8114857 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.1.2346.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) is involved in stress and energy homeostasis. On the other hand, CRH receptors also exist within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and Central Amygdala (CeA) nuclei. The present study compared the effect of CRH microinjections into PVN and CeA on three consecutive hours and cumulative food intake, internal regulatory factors of food intake, such as serum leptin and ghrelin, as well as blood glucose levels in rats under different acute psychological (Social Stress [SS] and Isolation Stress [IS] group) stresses. Methods: Sixty-six male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 11 groups: Control, Sham, CRH-PVN, CRH-CeA, SS, IS, SS-CRH-PVN, SS-CRH-CeA, IS-CRH-PVN, and IS-CRH-CeA groups. The CRH (2 µg/kg in 0.5 µL saline) was injected into PVN and CeA nuclei in rats under everyday, acute social stress and isolation stress conditions. Results: Acute isolation and social stresses did not affect cumulative food intake. Whereas isolation stress led to changes in both leptin and glucose levels, social stress reduced only glucose levels. Cumulative food intake significantly decreased under acute CRH injection into the CeA and particularly into the PVN. Blood glucose significantly reduced in all the groups receiving CRH into their CeA. Conclusion: The PVN played a more important role compared to CeA on food intake. These nuclei probably employ different mechanisms for their effects on food intake. Besides, it seems that exogenously CRH injection into the PVN probably had a more anorectic effect than naturally activated CRH by stresses. Acute isolation stress had a greater impact than social stress on leptin level and cumulative food intake. Thus, elevated food intake related to leptin compared to ghrelin and glucose levels in the CRH-PVN group under acute social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Radahmadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Sadat Izadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Rayatpour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Davis SM, Zuke JT, Berchulski MR, Burman MA. Amygdalar Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Signaling Is Required for Later-Life Behavioral Dysfunction Following Neonatal Pain. Front Physiol 2021; 12:660792. [PMID: 34045975 PMCID: PMC8144524 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.660792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal pain such as that experienced by infants in the neonatal intensive care unit is known to produce later-life dysfunction including heightened pain sensitivity and anxiety, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Both chronic pain and stress in adult organisms are known to influence the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala, making this system a likely candidate for changes following neonatal trauma. To examine this, neonatal rats were subjected to daily pain, non-painful handling or left undisturbed for the first week of life. Beginning on postnatal day, 24 male and female rats were subjected to a 4-day fear conditioning and sensory testing protocol. Some subjects received intra-amygdalar administration of either Vehicle, the CRF receptor 1 (CRF1) receptor antagonist Antalarmin, or the CRF receptor 2 (CRF2) receptor antagonist Astressin 2B prior to fear conditioning and somatosensory testing, while others had tissue collected following fear conditioning and CRF expression in the CeA and BLA was assessed using fluorescent in situ hybridization. CRF1 antagonism attenuated fear-induced hypersensitivity in neonatal pain and handled rats, while CRF2 antagonism produced a general antinociception. In addition, neonatal pain and handling produced a lateralized sex-dependent decrease in CRF expression, with males showing a diminished number of CRF-expressing cells in the right CeA and females showing a similar reduction in the number of CRF-expressing cells in the left BLA compared to undisturbed controls. These data show that the amygdalar CRF system is a likely target for alleviating dysfunction produced by early life trauma and that this system continues to play a major role in the lasting effects of such trauma into the juvenile stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States.,Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States
| | - Jared T Zuke
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States.,Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States
| | - Mariah R Berchulski
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States.,Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States
| | - Michael A Burman
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States.,Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States
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Ortega VA, Mercer EM, Giesbrecht GF, Arrieta MC. Evolutionary Significance of the Neuroendocrine Stress Axis on Vertebrate Immunity and the Influence of the Microbiome on Early-Life Stress Regulation and Health Outcomes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634539. [PMID: 33897639 PMCID: PMC8058197 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is broadly defined as the non-specific biological response to changes in homeostatic demands and is mediated by the evolutionarily conserved neuroendocrine networks of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Activation of these networks results in transient release of glucocorticoids (cortisol) and catecholamines (epinephrine) into circulation, as well as activation of sympathetic fibers innervating end organs. These interventions thus regulate numerous physiological processes, including energy metabolism, cardiovascular physiology, and immunity, thereby adapting to cope with the perceived stressors. The developmental trajectory of the stress-axis is influenced by a number of factors, including the gut microbiome, which is the community of microbes that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract immediately following birth. The gut microbiome communicates with the brain through the production of metabolites and microbially derived signals, which are essential to human stress response network development. Ecological perturbations to the gut microbiome during early life may result in the alteration of signals implicated in developmental programming during this critical window, predisposing individuals to numerous diseases later in life. The vulnerability of stress response networks to maladaptive development has been exemplified through animal models determining a causal role for gut microbial ecosystems in HPA axis activity, stress reactivity, and brain development. In this review, we explore the evolutionary significance of the stress-axis system for health maintenance and review recent findings that connect early-life microbiome disturbances to alterations in the development of stress response networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van A Ortega
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Emily M Mercer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Owerko Centre, The Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Zhu J, Guo C, Lu P, Shao S, Tu B. Contribution of Growth Arrest-Specific 5/miR-674 to the Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis Regulation Effect by Electroacupuncture following Trauma. Neuroimmunomodulation 2021; 28:137-149. [PMID: 34098562 DOI: 10.1159/000513385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture (EA) can improve trauma-induced hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) hyperactivity. However, the mechanism underlying the EA effect has not been fully understood. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN This study was undertaken to explore the role of hypothalamic growth arrest-specific 5 (Gas5) in the regulation of EA on HPA axis function post-surgery. Paraventricular nuclear Gas5 levels were upregulated in rats using an intracerebroventricular injection of pAAV-Gas5. Primary hypothalamic neurons and 293T cells were cultured for miRNA and siRNAs detection. Radioimmunoassay, PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used for HPA axis function evaluation. RESULTS The overexpression of Gas5 abolished the effect of EA on the regulation of trauma-induced HPA axis hyperactivity. Using a bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase assay, we determined that miRNA-674 was a target of Gas5. Additionally, miRNA-674 levels were found to have decreased in trauma rats, and this effect was reversed after EA intervention. TargetScan analysis showed that serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) were targets of miR-674. Moreover, we found that SGK1 protein levels increased in trauma rats and SGK1 expression inhibition alleviated HPA axis abnormality post-surgery. EA could improve the number of hypothalamus iba-1 positive cells and hypothalamic interleukin 1 beta protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the involvement of the hypothalamic Gas5/miRNA-674/SGK1 signaling pathway in EA regulation of HPA axis function after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingping Lu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuijin Shao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Tu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Bhuiyan P, Wang YW, Sha HH, Dong HQ, Qian YN. Neuroimmune connections between corticotropin-releasing hormone and mast cells: novel strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2184-2197. [PMID: 33818491 PMCID: PMC8354134 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a critical component of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which plays a major role in the body’s immune response to stress. Mast cells are both sensors and effectors in the interaction between the nervous and immune systems. As first responders to stress, mast cells can initiate, amplify and prolong neuroimmune responses upon activation. Corticotropin-releasing hormone plays a pivotal role in triggering stress responses and related diseases by acting on its receptors in mast cells. Corticotropin-releasing hormone can stimulate mast cell activation, influence the activation of immune cells by peripheral nerves and modulate neuroimmune interactions. The latest evidence shows that the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone induces the degranulation of mast cells under stress conditions, leading to disruption of the blood-brain barrier, which plays an important role in neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recent studies suggest that stress increases intestinal permeability and disrupts the blood-brain barrier through corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated activation of mast cells, providing new insight into the complex interplay between the brain and gastrointestinal tract. The neuroimmune target of mast cells is the site at which the corticotropin-releasing hormone directly participates in the inflammatory responses of nerve terminals. In this review, we focus on the neuroimmune connections between corticotropin-releasing hormone and mast cells, with the aim of providing novel potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory, autoimmune and nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piplu Bhuiyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huan-Huan Sha
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Quan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Ning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lin Y, Zhang Z, Wang S, Cai J, Guo J. Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal Axis in Glucolipid metabolic disorders. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:421-429. [PMID: 32889666 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the change of life style, glucolipid metabolic disorders (GLMD) has become one of the major chronic disorders causing public health and clinical problems worldwide. Previous studies on GLMD pay more attention to peripheral tissues. In fact, the central nervous system (CNS) plays an important role in controlling the overall metabolic balance. With the development of technology and the in-depth understanding of the CNS, the relationship between neuro-endocrine-immunoregulatory (NEI) network and metabolism had been gradually illustrated. As the hub of NEI network, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is important for maintaining the balance of internal environment in the body. The relationship between HPA axis and GLMD needs to be further studied. This review focuses on the role of HPA axis in GLMD and reviews the research progress on drugs for GLMD, with the hope to provide the direction for exploring new drugs to treat GLMD by taking the HPA axis as the target and improve the level of prevention and control of GLMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanduan Lin
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Cai
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Hattori RS, Castañeda-Cortés DC, Arias Padilla LF, Strobl-Mazzulla PH, Fernandino JI. Activation of stress response axis as a key process in environment-induced sex plasticity in fish. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4223-4236. [PMID: 32367192 PMCID: PMC11104976 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The determination of sex is an important hallmark in the life cycle of organisms, in which the fate of gonads and then the individual sex are defined. In gonochoristic teleost fish, this process is characterized by a high plasticity, considering that in spite of genotypic sex many environmental factors can cause shifts from one to another molecular pathway, resulting in organisms with mismatching genotypic and phenotypic sexes. Interestingly, in most instances, both female-to-male or male-to-female sex-reversed individuals develop functional gonads with normal gametogenesis and respective progenies with full viability. The study of these mechanisms is being spread to other non-model species or to those inhabiting more extreme environmental conditions. Although water temperature is an important mechanism involved in sex determination, there are other environmental stressors affected by the climate change which are also implicated in stress response-induced masculinization in fish. In this regard, the brain has emerged as the transducer of the environment input that can influence the gonadal fate. Furthermore, the evaluation of other environmental stressors or their synergic effect on sex determination at conditions that simulate the natural environments is growing gradually. Within such scope, the concerns related to climate change impacts rely on the fact that many of biotic and abiotic parameters reported to affect sex ratios are expected to increase concomitantly as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions and, particularly worrying, many of them are related to male bias in the populations, such as high temperature, hypoxia, and acidity. These environmental changes can also generate epigenetic changes in sex-related genes affecting their expression, with implications on sex differentiation not only of exposed individuals but also in following generations. The co-analysis of multi-stressors with potential inter- and transgenerational effects is essential to allow researchers to perform long-term predictions on climate change impacts in wild populations and for establishing highly accurate monitoring tools and suitable mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Hattori
- Salmonid Experimental Station at Campos do Jordão, UPD-CJ (APTA/SAA), Campos do Jordão, Brazil
| | - D C Castañeda-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - L F Arias Padilla
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - P H Strobl-Mazzulla
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - J I Fernandino
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina.
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