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Nakayama T, Tanikawa M, Okushi Y, Itoh T, Shimmura T, Maruyama M, Yamaguchi T, Matsumiya A, Shinomiya A, Guh YJ, Chen J, Naruse K, Kudoh H, Kondo Y, Naoki H, Aoki K, Nagano AJ, Yoshimura T. A transcriptional program underlying the circannual rhythms of gonadal development in medaka. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313514120. [PMID: 38109538 PMCID: PMC10756274 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313514120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To cope with seasonal environmental changes, organisms have evolved approximately 1-y endogenous circannual clocks. These circannual clocks regulate various physiological properties and behaviors such as reproduction, hibernation, migration, and molting, thus providing organisms with adaptive advantages. Although several hypotheses have been proposed, the genes that regulate circannual rhythms and the underlying mechanisms controlling long-term circannual clocks remain unknown in any organism. Here, we show a transcriptional program underlying the circannual clock in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). We monitored the seasonal reproductive rhythms of medaka kept under natural outdoor conditions for 2 y. Linear regression analysis suggested that seasonal changes in reproductive activity were predominantly determined by an endogenous program. Medaka hypothalamic and pituitary transcriptomes were obtained monthly over 2 y and daily on all equinoxes and solstices. Analysis identified 3,341 seasonally oscillating genes and 1,381 daily oscillating genes. We then examined the existence of circannual rhythms in medaka via maintaining them under constant photoperiodic conditions. Medaka exhibited approximately 6-mo free-running circannual rhythms under constant conditions, and monthly transcriptomes under constant conditions identified 518 circannual genes. Gene ontology analysis of circannual genes highlighted the enrichment of genes related to cell proliferation and differentiation. Altogether, our findings support the "histogenesis hypothesis" that postulates the involvement of tissue remodeling in circannual time-keeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakayama
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8585Okazaki, Japan
| | - Miki Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Okushi
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
| | - Thoma Itoh
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki444-8787, Japan
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8585Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki444-8787, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimmura
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8585Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki444-8787, Japan
| | - Michiyo Maruyama
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8585Okazaki, Japan
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsumiya
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
| | - Ai Shinomiya
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8585Okazaki, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki444-8787, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki444-8787, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8585Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ying-Jey Guh
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8585Okazaki, Japan
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki444-8787, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8585Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kudoh
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga520-2113, Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki444-8787, Japan
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8585Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki444-8787, Japan
| | - Honda Naoki
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima739-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki444-8787, Japan
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8585Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki444-8787, Japan
| | - Atsushi J. Nagano
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu520-2194, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka997-0052, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8585Okazaki, Japan
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Division of Animal Medical Science, Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
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Just N, Chevillard PM, Batailler M, Dubois JP, Vaudin P, Pillon D, Migaud M. Multiparametric MR Evaluation of the Photoperiodic Regulation of Hypothalamic Structures in Sheep. Neuroscience 2023; 535:142-157. [PMID: 37913859 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Most organisms on earth, humans included, have developed strategies to cope with environmental day-night and seasonal cycles to survive. For most of them, their physiological and behavioral functions, including the reproductive function, are synchronized with the annual changes of day length, to ensure winter survival and subsequent reproductive success in the following spring. Sheep are sensitive to photoperiod, which also regulates natural adult neurogenesis in their hypothalamus. We postulate that the ovine model represents a good alternative to study the functional and metabolic changes occurring in response to photoperiodic changes in hypothalamic structures of the brain. Here, the impact of the photoperiod on the neurovascular coupling and the metabolism of the hypothalamic structures was investigated at 3T using BOLD fMRI, perfusion-MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). A longitudinal study involving 8 ewes was conducted during long days (LD) and short days (SD) revealing significant BOLD, rCBV and metabolic changes in hypothalamic structures of the ewe brain between LD and SD. More specifically, the transition between LD and SD revealed negative BOLD responses to hypercapnia at the beginning of SD period followed by significant increases in BOLD, rCBV, Glx and tNAA concentrations towards the end of the SD period. These observations suggest longitudinal mechanisms promoting the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells within the hypothalamic niche of breeding ewes. We conclude that multiparametric MRI studies including 1H-MRS could be promising non-invasive translational techniques to investigate the existence of natural adult neurogenesis in-vivo in gyrencephalic brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Just
- INRAE Centre Val de Loire, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly France; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Pierre Marie Chevillard
- INRAE Centre Val de Loire, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly France
| | - Martine Batailler
- INRAE Centre Val de Loire, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly France
| | - Jean-Philippe Dubois
- INRAE Centre Val de Loire, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly France
| | - Pascal Vaudin
- INRAE Centre Val de Loire, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly France
| | - Delphine Pillon
- INRAE Centre Val de Loire, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly France
| | - Martine Migaud
- INRAE Centre Val de Loire, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly France
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Chevillard PM, Batailler M, Dubois JP, Estienne A, Pillon D, Vaudin P, Piégu B, Blache MC, Dupont J, Just N, Migaud M. Seasonal remodeling of the progenitor pool and its distribution in the ewe mediobasal hypothalamus. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03745-x. [PMID: 36795154 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported the presence of adult neurogenesis in the arcuate nucleus periventricular space (pvARH) and in the median eminence (ME), two structures involved in reproductive function. In sheep, a seasonal mammal, decreasing daylight in autumn induces a higher neurogenic activity in these two structures. However, the different types of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) that populate the arcuate nucleus and median eminence, as well as their location, have not been evaluated. Here, using semi-automatic image analyzing processes, we identified and quantified the different populations of NSCs/NPCs, showing that, during short days, higher densities of [SOX2 +] cells are found in pvARH and ME. In the pvARH, higher densities of astrocytic and oligodendrocitic progenitors mainly contribute to these variations. The different populations of NSCs/NPCs were mapped according to their position relative to the third ventricle and their proximity to the vasculature. We showed that [SOX2 +] cells extended deeper into the hypothalamic parenchyma during short days. Similarly, [SOX2 +] cells were found further from the vasculature in the pvARH and the ME, at this time of year, indicating the existence of migratory signals. The expression levels of neuregulin transcripts (NRGs), whose proteins are known to stimulate proliferation and adult neurogenesis and to regulate progenitor migration, as well as the expression levels of ERBB mRNAs, cognate receptors for NRGs, were assessed. We showed that mRNA expression changed seasonally in pvARH and ME, suggesting that the ErbB-NRG system is potentially involved in the photoperiodic regulation of neurogenesis in seasonal adult mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martine Batailler
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Anthony Estienne
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Delphine Pillon
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Vaudin
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Benoît Piégu
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Joelle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Nathalie Just
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Martine Migaud
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
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Merchán M, Coveñas R, Plaza I, Abecia JA, Palacios C. Anatomy of hypothalamic and diencephalic nuclei involved in seasonal fertility regulation in ewes. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1101024. [PMID: 36876003 PMCID: PMC9978410 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe in detail the anatomy of nuclei involved in seasonal fertility regulation (SFR) in ewes. For this purpose, the intergeniculate leaflet of the visual thalamus, the caudal hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, and suprachiasmatic, paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rostral hypothalamus were morphometrically and qualitatively analyzed in Nissl-stained serial sections, in the three anatomical planes. In addition, data were collected on calcium-binding proteins and cell phenotypes after immunostaining alternate serial sections for calretinin, parvalbumin and calbindin. For a complete neuroanatomical study, glial architecture was assessed by immunostaining and analyzing alternate sections for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1). The results showed a strong microglial and astroglia reaction around the hypothalamic nuclei of interest and around the whole 3rd ventricle of the ewe brain. Moreover, we correlated cytoarchitectonic coordinates of panoramic serial sections with their macroscopic localization and extension in midline sagittal-sectioned whole brain to provide guidelines for microdissecting nuclei involved in SFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Merchán
- Animal Production Area, Department of Construction and Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Recognized Research Group - Molecular Bases of Development (Grupo de Investigación Reconocido - Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo - GIR-BMD), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Recognized Research Group - Molecular Bases of Development (Grupo de Investigación Reconocido - Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo - GIR-BMD), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Plaza
- Auditory Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Alfonso Abecia
- Environmental Science Institute (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Palacios
- Animal Production Area, Department of Construction and Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Just N, Chevillard PM, Migaud M. Imaging and spectroscopic methods to investigate adult neurogenesis in vivo: New models and new avenues. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:933947. [PMID: 35992937 PMCID: PMC9389108 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.933947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis (AN) can be defined as the birth and development of new neurons in adulthood. Until the 1990s, AN was deemed not to happen after birth. Gradually, several groups demonstrated that specific zones of the brain of various species had a neurogenic potential. AN could be the key to treating a large range of neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, and metabolic diseases, with a better understanding of the mechanisms allowing for regeneration of new neurons. Despite this promising prospect, the existence of AN has not been validated in vivo in humans and therefore remains controversial. Moreover, the weight of AN-induced plasticity against other mechanisms of brain plasticity is not known, adding to the controversy. In this review, we would like to show that recent technical advances in brain MR imaging methods combined with improved models can resolve the debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Just
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager og Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, and Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Nathalie Just
| | - Pierre-Marie Chevillard
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, and Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Martine Migaud
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, and Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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Osacka J, Kiss A, Bacova Z, Tillinger A. Effect of Haloperidol and Olanzapine on Hippocampal Cells’ Proliferation in Animal Model of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147711. [PMID: 35887056 PMCID: PMC9323809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampus (HIP) contributes to schizophrenia pathogenesis. Haloperidol (HAL) and olanzapine (OLA), commonly prescribed antipsychotics for schizophrenia treatment, affect neurogenesis too. The effect of HAL and OLA on an mHippoE-2 cell line was studied in vitro where we measured the cell number and projection length. In vivo, we studied the gene expression of DCX, Sox2, BDNF, and NeuN in the SVZ and HIP in an MK-801-induced animal schizophrenia model. Cells were incubated with HAL, OLA, and MK-801 for 24, 48, and 72 h. Animals were injected for 6 days with saline or MK801 (0.5 mg/kg), and from the 7th day with either vehicle HAL (1 mg/kg) or OLA (2 mg/kg), for the next 7 days. In vitro, HAL and OLA dose/time-dependently suppressed cells’ proliferation and shortened their projection length. HAL/OLA co-treatment with MK-801 for 24 h reversed HAL’s/OLA’s inhibitory effect. In vivo, HAL and OLA suppressed DCX and NeuN genes’ expression in the HIP and SVZ. MK-801 decreased DCX and NeuN genes’ expression in the HIP and OLA prevented this effect. The data suggest that subchronic HAL/OLA treatment can inhibit DCX and NeuN expression. In an MK-801 schizophrenia model, OLA reversed the MK-801 inhibitory effect on DCX and NeuN and HAL reversed the effect on DCX expression; however, only in the HIP.
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Chevillard PM, Batailler M, Piégu B, Estienne A, Blache MC, Dubois JP, Pillon D, Vaudin P, Dupont J, Just N, Migaud M. Seasonal vascular plasticity in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the adult ewe. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:581-593. [PMID: 35118552 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sheep, like most seasonal mammals, exhibit a cyclic adaptive reproductive physiology that allows ewes to give birth to their progeny during the spring when environmental conditions are favorable to their survival. This process relies on the detection of day length (or photoperiod) and is associated with profound changes in cellular plasticity and gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, mechanisms that are suggested to participate in the seasonal adaptation of neuroendocrine circuits. Recently, pituitary vascular growth has been proposed as a seasonally regulated process in which the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), a well-known angiogenic cytokine, is suspected to play a crucial role. However, whether this mechanism is restricted to the pituitary gland or also occurs in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), a crucial contributor to the control of the reproductive function, remains unexplored. Using newly developed image analysis tools, we showed that the arcuate nucleus (ARH) of the MBH exhibits an enhanced vascular density during the long photoperiod or non-breeding season, associated with higher expression of VEGFA. In the median eminence (ME), a structure connecting the MBH to the pituitary gland, higher VEGFA, kinase insert domain receptor (KDR/VEGFR2) and plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP) gene expressions were detected during the long photoperiod. We also found that VEGFA and its receptor, VEGFR2, are expressed by neurons and tanycytes in both the ARH and ME. Altogether, these data show variations in the MBH vasculature according to seasons potentially through a VEGFA-dependent pathway, paving the way for future studies aiming to decipher the role of these changes in the hypothalamic control of seasonal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Marie Chevillard
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements PRC Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Martine Batailler
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements PRC Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Benoît Piégu
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements PRC Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements PRC Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marie-Claire Blache
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements PRC Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Dubois
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements PRC Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Delphine Pillon
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements PRC Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Vaudin
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements PRC Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements PRC Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Nathalie Just
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements PRC Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Martine Migaud
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements PRC Centre INRAE Val de Loire, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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Chatterjee O, Gopalakrishnan L, Mol P, Advani J, Nair B, Shankar SK, Mahadevan A, Prasad TSK. The Normal Human Adult Hypothalamus Proteomic Landscape: Rise of Neuroproteomics in Biological Psychiatry and Systems Biology. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:693-710. [PMID: 34714154 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The human hypothalamus is central to the regulation of neuroendocrine and neurovegetative systems, as well as modulation of chronobiology and behavioral aspects in human health and disease. Surprisingly, a deep proteomic analysis of the normal human hypothalamic proteome has been missing for such an important organ so far. In this study, we delineated the human hypothalamus proteome using a high-resolution mass spectrometry approach which resulted in the identification of 5349 proteins, while a multiple post-translational modification (PTM) search identified 191 additional proteins, which were missed in the first search. A proteogenomic analysis resulted in the discovery of multiple novel protein-coding regions as we identified proteins from noncoding regions (pseudogenes) and proteins translated from short open reading frames that can be missed using the traditional pipeline of prediction of protein-coding genes as a part of genome annotation. We also identified several PTMs of hypothalamic proteins that may be required for normal hypothalamic functions. Moreover, we observed an enrichment of proteins pertaining to autophagy and adult neurogenesis in the proteome data. We believe that the hypothalamic proteome reported herein would help to decipher the molecular basis for the diverse range of physiological functions attributed to it, as well as its role in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Extensive proteomic profiling of the hypothalamic nuclei would further elaborate on the role and functional characterization of several hypothalamus-specific proteins and pathways to inform future research and clinical discoveries in biological psychiatry, neurology, and system biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oishi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Lathika Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Praseeda Mol
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, India
| | | | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, India
| | - Susarla Krishna Shankar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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9
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Yoo S, Kim J, Lyu P, Hoang TV, Ma A, Trinh V, Dai W, Jiang L, Leavey P, Duncan L, Won JK, Park SH, Qian J, Brown SP, Blackshaw S. Control of neurogenic competence in mammalian hypothalamic tanycytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg3777. [PMID: 34049878 PMCID: PMC8163082 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic tanycytes, radial glial cells that share many features with neuronal progenitors, can generate small numbers of neurons in the postnatal hypothalamus, but the identity of these neurons and the molecular mechanisms that control tanycyte-derived neurogenesis are unknown. In this study, we show that tanycyte-specific disruption of the NFI family of transcription factors (Nfia/b/x) robustly stimulates tanycyte proliferation and tanycyte-derived neurogenesis. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) analysis reveals that NFI (nuclear factor I) factors repress Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Wnt signaling in tanycytes and modulation of these pathways blocks proliferation and tanycyte-derived neurogenesis in Nfia/b/x-deficient mice. Nfia/b/x-deficient tanycytes give rise to multiple mediobasal hypothalamic neuronal subtypes that can mature, fire action potentials, receive synaptic inputs, and selectively respond to changes in internal states. These findings identify molecular mechanisms that control tanycyte-derived neurogenesis, which can potentially be targeted to selectively remodel the hypothalamic neural circuitry that controls homeostatic physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Yoo
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, 71 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu 03082, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pin Lyu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thanh V Hoang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alex Ma
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vickie Trinh
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Weina Dai
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lizhi Jiang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Patrick Leavey
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Leighton Duncan
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, 71 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu 03082, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, 71 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu 03082, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Solange P Brown
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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10
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Dardente H, Migaud M. Thyroid hormone and hypothalamic stem cells in seasonal functions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:91-131. [PMID: 33752829 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms are a pervasive feature of most living organisms, which underlie yearly timeliness in breeding, migration, hibernation or weight gain and loss. To achieve this, organisms have developed inner timing devices (circannual clocks) that endow them with the ability to predict then anticipate changes to come, usually using daylength as the proximate cue. In Vertebrates, daylength interpretation involves photoperiodic control of TSH production by the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary, which governs a seasonal switch in thyroid hormone (TH) availability in the neighboring hypothalamus. Tanycytes, specialized glial cells lining the third ventricle (3V), are responsible for this TH output through the opposite, PT-TSH-driven, seasonal control of deiodinases 2/3 (Dio 2/3). Tanycytes comprise a photoperiod-sensitive stem cell niche and TH is known to play major roles in cell proliferation and differentiation, which suggests that seasonal control of tanycyte proliferation may be involved in the photoperiodic synchronization of seasonal rhythms. Here we review our current knowledge of the molecular and neuroendocrine pathway linking photoperiodic information to seasonal changes in physiological functions and discuss the potential implication of tanycytes, TH and cell proliferation in seasonal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Dardente
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Martine Migaud
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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11
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Taniguchi E, Tashiro A, Hattori A, Furuse M, Yasuo S. Photoperiodic changes in hippocampal neurogenesis and plasma metabolomic profiles in relation to depression-like behavior in mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 403:113136. [PMID: 33482168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod alters affective behaviors and brain neuroplasticity in several mammalian species. We addressed whether neurogenesis and signaling pathways of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a key modulator of neuroplasticity, are regulated by photoperiod in C57BL/6 J mice, a putative model of seasonal affective disorder. We also examined the effects of photoperiod on plasma metabolomic profiles in relation to depression-like behavior to understand a possible linkage between peripheral metabolism and behavior. Mice that were maintained under long-day conditions (LD) exhibited a higher number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive cells and higher levels of astrocyte marker in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus compared to that of mice under short-day conditions (SD). Plasma IGF-I levels and levels/expression of IGF-I signaling molecules in the hippocampus (Brn-4, NeuroD1, and phospho-Akt) involved in neuronal proliferation and differentiation were higher in the mice under LD. Metabolome analysis using plasma of the mice under LD and SD identified several metabolites that were highly correlated with immobility in the forced swim test, a depression-like behavior. Negative correlations with behavior occurred in the levels of 23 metabolites, including metabolites related to neurogenesis and antidepressant-like effects of exercise, metabolites in the biosynthesis of arginine, and the occurrence of branched chain amino acids. Three metabolites had positive correlations with the behavior, including guanidinosuccinic acid, a neurotoxin. Taken together, photoperiodic responses of neurogenesis and neuro-glial organization in the hippocampus may be involved in photoperiodic alteration of depression-like behavior, mediated through multiple pathways, including IGF-I and peripheral metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ayako Tashiro
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hattori
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shinobu Yasuo
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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12
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Trova S, Bovetti S, Pellegrino G, Bonzano S, Giacobini P, Peretto P. HPG-Dependent Peri-Pubertal Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis in Mice. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:584493. [PMID: 33328903 PMCID: PMC7732626 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.584493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, a striking form of neural plasticity, is involved in the modulation of social stimuli driving reproduction. Previous studies on adult neurogenesis have shown that this process is significantly modulated around puberty in female mice. Puberty is a critical developmental period triggered by increased secretion of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), which controls the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG). Secretion of HPG-axis factors at puberty participates to the refinement of neural circuits that govern reproduction. Here, by exploiting a transgenic GnRH deficient mouse model, that progressively loses GnRH expression during postnatal development (GnRH::Cre;Dicer loxP/loxP mice), we found that a postnatally-acquired dysfunction in the GnRH system affects adult neurogenesis selectively in the subventricular-zone neurogenic niche in a sexually dimorphic way. Moreover, by examining adult females ovariectomized before the onset of puberty, we provide important evidence that, among the HPG-axis secreting factors, the circulating levels of gonadal hormones during pre-/peri-pubertal life contribute to set-up the proper adult subventricular zone-olfactory bulb neurogenic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy.,Univ.Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Laboratory of the Development and Plasticity of Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille, France
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giuliana Pellegrino
- Univ.Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Laboratory of the Development and Plasticity of Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille, France
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Univ.Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Laboratory of the Development and Plasticity of Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille, France
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
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13
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Majumdar G, Yadav G, Malik S, Rani S, Balthazart J, Kumar V. Hypothalamic plasticity in response to changes in photoperiod and food quality: An adaptation to support pre-migratory fattening in songbirds? Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:430-448. [PMID: 33010037 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In latitudinal avian migrants, increasing photoperiods induce fat deposition and body mass increase, and subsequent night-time migratory restlessness in captive birds, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that an enhanced hypothalamic neuronal plasticity was associated with the photostimulated spring migration phenotype. We tested this idea in adult migratory red-headed buntings (Emberiza bruniceps), as compared with resident Indian weaverbirds (Ploceus philippinus). Birds were exposed to a stimulatory long photoperiod (14L:10D, LP), while controls were kept on a short photoperiod (10L:14D, SP). Under both photoperiods, one half of birds also received a high calorie, protein- and fat-rich diet (SP-R, LP-R) while the other half stayed on the normal diet (SP-N, LP-N). Thirty days later, as expected, the LP had induced multiple changes in the behaviour and physiology in migratory buntings. Photostimulated buntings also developed a preference for the rich food diet. Most interestingly, the LP and the rich diet, both separately and in association, increased neurogenesis in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), as measured by an increased number of cells immunoreactive for doublecortin (DCX), a marker of recently born neurons, in buntings, but not weaverbirds. This neurogenesis was associated with an increased density of fibres immunoreactive for the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY). This hypothalamic plasticity observed in a migratory, but not in a non-migratory, species in response to photoperiod and food quality might represent an adaptation to the pre-migratory fattening, as required to support the extensive energy expenses that incur during the migratory flight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garima Yadav
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Shalie Malik
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Sangeeta Rani
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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14
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Helfer G, Stevenson TJ. Pleiotropic effects of proopiomelanocortin and VGF nerve growth factor inducible neuropeptides for the long-term regulation of energy balance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 514:110876. [PMID: 32473184 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms in energy balance are well documented across temperate and equatorial zones animals. The long-term regulated changes in seasonal physiology consists of a rheostatic system that is essential to successful time annual cycles in reproduction, hibernation, torpor, and migration. Most animals use the annual change in photoperiod as a reliable and robust environmental cue to entrain endogenous (i.e. circannual) rhythms. Research over the past few decades has predominantly examined the role of first order neuroendocrine peptides for the rheostatic changes in energy balance. These anorexigenic and orexigenic neuropeptides in the arcuate nucleus include neuropeptide y (Npy), agouti-related peptide (Agrp), cocaine and amphetamine related transcript (Cart) and pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc). Recent studies also indicate that VGF nerve growth factor inducible (Vgf) in the arcuate nucleus is involved in the seasonal regulation of energy balance. In situ hybridization, qPCR and RNA-sequencing studies have identified that Pomc expression across fish, avian and mammalian species, is a neuroendocrine marker that reflects seasonal energetic states. Here we highlight that long-term changes in arcuate Pomc and Vgf expression is conserved across species and may provide rheostatic regulation of seasonal energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Helfer
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Tyler J Stevenson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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15
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LaDage LD. Broadening the functional and evolutionary understanding of postnatal neurogenesis using reptilian models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/15/jeb210542. [PMID: 32788272 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.210542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The production of new neurons in the brains of adult animals was first identified by Altman and Das in 1965, but it was not until the late 20th century when methods for visualizing new neuron production improved that there was a dramatic increase in research on neurogenesis in the adult brain. We now know that adult neurogenesis is a ubiquitous process that occurs across a wide range of taxonomic groups. This process has largely been studied in mammals; however, there are notable differences between mammals and other taxonomic groups in how, why and where new neuron production occurs. This Review will begin by describing the processes of adult neurogenesis in reptiles and identifying the similarities and differences in these processes between reptiles and model rodent species. Further, this Review underscores the importance of appreciating how wild-caught animals vary in neurogenic properties compared with laboratory-reared animals and how this can be used to broaden the functional and evolutionary understanding of why and how new neurons are produced in the adult brain. Studying variation in neural processes across taxonomic groups provides an evolutionary context to adult neurogenesis while also advancing our overall understanding of neurogenesis and brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara D LaDage
- Division of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Penn State Altoona, 3000 Ivyside Dr., Altoona, PA 16601, USA
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16
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Song J. Pineal gland dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: relationship with the immune-pineal axis, sleep disturbance, and neurogenesis. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:28. [PMID: 31296240 PMCID: PMC6624939 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a globally common neurodegenerative disease, which is accompanied by alterations to various lifestyle patterns, such as sleep disturbance. The pineal gland is the primary endocrine organ that secretes hormones, such as melatonin, and controls the circadian rhythms. The decrease in pineal gland volume and pineal calcification leads to the reduction of melatonin production. Melatonin has been reported to have multiple roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including improving neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, suppressing neuroinflammation, enhancing memory function, and protecting against oxidative stress. Recently, reduced pineal gland volume and pineal calcification, accompanied by cognitive decline and sleep disturbances have been observed in AD patients. Here, I review current significant evidence of the contribution of pineal dysfunction in AD to the progress of AD neuropathology. I suggest new insights to understanding the relationship between AD pathogenesis and pineal gland function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Keller M, Vandenberg LN, Charlier TD. The parental brain and behavior: A target for endocrine disruption. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 54:100765. [PMID: 31112731 PMCID: PMC6708493 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the sequential release of progesterone, 17β-estradiol, prolactin, oxytocin and placental lactogens reorganize the female brain. Brain structures such as the medial preoptic area, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the motivation network including the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens are reorganized by this specific hormonal schedule such that the future mother will be ready to provide appropriate care for her offspring right at parturition. Any disruption to this hormone pattern, notably by exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC), is therefore likely to affect the maternal brain and result in maladaptive maternal behavior. Development effects of EDCs have been the focus of intense study, but relatively little is known about how the maternal brain and behavior are affected by EDCs. We encourage further research to better understand how the physiological hormone sequence prepares the mother's brain and how EDC exposure could disturb this reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Keller
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Reproduction & des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA/CNRS/Université de Tours/IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Thierry D Charlier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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18
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Musashi‐2 and related stem cell proteins in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus and their potential role in circadian rhythms. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 75:44-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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19
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Helfer G, Barrett P, Morgan PJ. A unifying hypothesis for control of body weight and reproduction in seasonally breeding mammals. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12680. [PMID: 30585661 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Animals have evolved diverse seasonal variations in physiology and reproduction to accommodate yearly changes in environmental and climatic conditions. These changes in physiology are initiated by changes in photoperiod (daylength) and are mediated through melatonin, which relays photoperiodic information to the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland. Melatonin drives thyroid-stimulating hormone transcription and synthesis in the pars tuberalis, which, in turn, regulates thyroid hormone and retinoic acid synthesis in the tanycytes lining the third ventricle of the hypothalamus. Seasonal variation in central thyroid hormone signalling is conserved among photoperiodic animals. Despite this, different species adopt divergent phenotypes to cope with the same seasonal changes. A common response amongst different species is increased hypothalamic cell proliferation/neurogenesis in short photoperiod. That cell proliferation/neurogenesis may be important for seasonal timing is based on (i) the neurogenic potential of tanycytes; (ii) the fact that they are the locus of striking seasonal morphological changes; and (iii) the similarities to mechanisms involved in de novo neurogenesis of energy balance neurones. We propose that a decrease in hypothalamic thyroid hormone and retinoic acid signalling initiates localised neurodegeneration and apoptosis, which leads to a reduction in appetite and body weight. Neurodegeneration induces compensatory cell proliferation from the neurogenic niche in tanycytes and new cells are born under short photoperiod. Because these cells have the potential to differentiate into a number of different neuronal phenotypes, this could provide a mechanistic basis to explain the seasonal regulation of energy balance, as well as reproduction. This cycle can be achieved without changes in thyroid hormone/retinoic acid and explains recent data obtained from seasonal animals held in natural conditions. However, thyroid/retinoic acid signalling is required to synchronise the cycles of apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Thus, hypothalamic neurogenesis provides a framework to explain diverse photoperiodic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Helfer
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Perry Barrett
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Peter J Morgan
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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20
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Pozner T, Vistoropsky Y, Moaraf S, Heiblum R, Barnea A. Questioning Seasonality of Neuronal Plasticity in the Adult Avian Brain. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11289. [PMID: 30050046 PMCID: PMC6062517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, studies that reported seasonal patterns of adult neurogenesis and neuronal recruitment have correlated them to seasonal behaviors as the cause or as a consequence of neuronal changes. The aim of our study was to test this correlation, and to investigate whether there is a seasonal pattern of new neuronal recruitment that is not correlated to behavior. To do this, we used adult female zebra finches (songbirds that are not seasonal breeders), kept them under constant social, behavioral, and spatial environments, and compared neuronal recruitment in their brains during two seasons, under natural and laboratory conditions. Under natural conditions, no significant differences were found in the pattern of new neuronal recruitment across seasons. However, under artificial indoor conditions that imitated the natural conditions, higher neuronal recruitment occurred in late summer (August) compared to early spring (February). Moreover, our data indicate that "mixing" temperature and day length significantly reduces new neuronal recruitment, demonstrating the importance of the natural combination of temperature and day length. Taken together, our findings show, for the first time, that neuroplasticity changes under natural vs. artificial conditions, and demonstrate the importance of both laboratory and field experiments when looking at complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Pozner
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, 43107, Israel.
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany.
| | - Yulia Vistoropsky
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, 43107, Israel
| | - Stan Moaraf
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, 43107, Israel
| | - Rachel Heiblum
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, 43107, Israel
| | - Anat Barnea
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, 43107, Israel
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21
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Andreopoulou E, Arampatzis A, Patsoni M, Kazanis I. Being a Neural Stem Cell: A Matter of Character But Defined by the Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1041:81-118. [PMID: 29204830 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69194-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cells that build the nervous system, either this is a small network of ganglia or a complicated primate brain, are called neural stem and progenitor cells. Even though the very primitive and the very recent neural stem cells (NSCs) share common basic characteristics that are hard-wired within their character, such as the expression of transcription factors of the SoxB family, their capacity to give rise to extremely different neural tissues depends significantly on instructions from the microenvironment. In this chapter we explore the nature of the NSC microenvironment, looking through evolution, embryonic development, maturity and even disease. Experimental work undertaken over the last 20 years has revealed exciting insight into the NSC microcosmos. NSCs are very capable in producing their own extracellular matrix and in regulating their behaviour in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence indicates an important role for the vasculature, especially within the NSC niches of the postnatal brain; while novel results reveal direct links between the metabolic state of the organism and the function of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Andreopoulou
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Asterios Arampatzis
- Wellcome Trust- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Melina Patsoni
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ilias Kazanis
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
- Wellcome Trust- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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22
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Batailler M, Chesneau D, Derouet L, Butruille L, Segura S, Cognié J, Dupont J, Pillon D, Migaud M. Pineal-dependent increase of hypothalamic neurogenesis contributes to the timing of seasonal reproduction in sheep. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6188. [PMID: 29670193 PMCID: PMC5906660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To survive in temperate latitudes, species rely on the photoperiod to synchronize their physiological functions, including reproduction, with the predictable changes in the environment. In sheep, exposure to decreasing day length reactivates the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, while during increasing day length, animals enter a period of sexual rest. Neural stem cells have been detected in the sheep hypothalamus and hypothalamic neurogenesis was found to respond to the photoperiod. However, the physiological relevance of this seasonal adult neurogenesis is still unexplored. This longitudinal study, therefore aimed to thoroughly characterize photoperiod-stimulated neurogenesis and to investigate whether the hypothalamic adult born-cells were involved in the seasonal timing of reproduction. Results showed that time course of cell proliferation reached a peak in the middle of the period of sexual activity, corresponding to decreasing day length period. This enhancement was suppressed when animals were deprived of seasonal time cues by pinealectomy, suggesting a role of melatonin in the seasonal regulation of cell proliferation. Furthermore, when the mitotic blocker cytosine-b-D-arabinofuranoside was administered centrally, the timing of seasonal reproduction was affected. Overall, our findings link the cyclic increase in hypothalamic neurogenesis to seasonal reproduction and suggest that photoperiod-regulated hypothalamic neurogenesis plays a substantial role in seasonal reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Batailler
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Chesneau
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Laura Derouet
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Lucile Butruille
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Stéphanie Segura
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Juliette Cognié
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Delphine Pillon
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Martine Migaud
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France. .,CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380, Nouzilly, France. .,Université de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France. .,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
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23
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Yoo S, Blackshaw S. Regulation and function of neurogenesis in the adult mammalian hypothalamus. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:53-66. [PMID: 29631023 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, evidence has accumulated that neurogenesis can occur in both the juvenile and adult mammalian hypothalamus. Levels of hypothalamic neurogenesis can be regulated by dietary, environmental and hormonal signals. Since the hypothalamus has a central role in controlling a broad range of homeostatic physiological processes, these findings may have far ranging behavioral and medical implications. However, many questions in the field remain unresolved, including the cells of origin of newborn hypothalamic neurons and the extent to which these cells actually regulate hypothalamic-controlled behaviors. In this manuscript, we conduct a critical review of the literature on postnatal hypothalamic neurogenesis in mammals, lay out the main outstanding controversies in the field, and discuss how best to advance our knowledge of this fascinating but still poorly understood process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Yoo
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Center for Human Systems Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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24
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He X, Liu Q, Li X, Guo X, Wang X, Hu W, Di R, Chu M. Molecular cloning and epigenetic change detection of Kiss1 during seasonal reproduction in Chinese indigenous sheep. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 30:734-743. [PMID: 29136398 DOI: 10.1071/rd17028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Like most seasonal domesticated species, sheep are short-day breeders, which means that the reproduction axis is activated by short days. The annual photoperiodic cycle affects the amount of daylength information that is transmitted to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by regulating pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. Kisspeptin, which is encoded by Kiss1, plays a major role in reproductive seasonality. Based on results from our previous Solexa sequencing data obtained from Tan (T) and Small Tail Han (STH) sheep during anoestrus and the breeding season, full-length mRNA information for ovine Kiss1 was obtained; 894bp in T sheep and 1145bp in STH sheep. Both encode 135 amino acids. Additionally, T and STH sheep have different transcription start sites of Kiss1. Kiss1 expression during oestrus was significantly higher than that during dioestrus, both in T and STH sheep (P<0.01). We also found a strong relationship between Kiss1 mRNA levels and histone H3 acetylation status in the 5' promoter region of ovine Kiss1. These data indicated that epigenetic modification occurs during reproduction in sheep, and this is the first report that histone H3 deacetylation occurs in the hypothalamus of seasonal sheep breeders during the transition from dioestrus to oestrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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25
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Lévy F, Batailler M, Meurisse M, Migaud M. Adult Neurogenesis in Sheep: Characterization and Contribution to Reproduction and Behavior. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:570. [PMID: 29109674 PMCID: PMC5660097 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheep have many advantages to study neurogenesis in comparison to the well-known rodent models. Their development and life expectancy are relatively long and they possess a gyrencephalic brain. Sheep are also seasonal breeders, a characteristic that allows studying the involvement of hypothalamic neurogenesis in the control of seasonal reproduction. Sheep are also able to individually recognize their conspecifics and develop selective and lasting bonds. Adult olfactory neurogenesis could be adapted to social behavior by supporting recognition of conspecifics. The present review reveals the distinctive features of the hippocampal, olfactory, and hypothalamic neurogenesis in sheep. In particular, the organization of the subventricular zone and the dynamic of neuronal maturation differs from that of rodents. In addition, we show that various physiological conditions, such as seasonal reproduction, gestation, and lactation differently modulate these three neurogenic niches. Last, we discuss recent evidence indicating that hypothalamic neurogenesis acts as an important regulator of the seasonal control of reproduction and that olfactory neurogenesis could be involved in odor processing in the context of maternal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Lévy
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7247, Université F. Rabelais, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Martine Batailler
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7247, Université F. Rabelais, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Maryse Meurisse
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7247, Université F. Rabelais, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Martine Migaud
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7247, Université F. Rabelais, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
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26
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Calderón-Leyva G, Meza-Herrera CA, Rodriguez-Martinez R, Angel-García O, Rivas-Muñoz R, Delgado-Bermejo JV, Véliz-Deras FG. Influence of sexual behavior of Dorper rams treated with glutamate and/or testosterone on reproductive performance of anovulatory ewes. Theriogenology 2017; 106:79-86. [PMID: 29040879 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if exogenous administration of glutamate and (or) testosterone to male rams during the season of reproductive arrest is able to re-activate male sexual behavior and, later on, to promote through the male effect, both sexual and reproductive competence of anovulatory nulliparous ewes. Therefore, an experiment was performed under long-day photoperiods (spring; photo-reproductive arrest, 26°N). Dorper rams were randomly divided into four homogeneous experimental groups (n = 5 males each) regarding live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), scrotal circumference (SC) and odor intensity (OI). Then, groups were treated with: i) GG (7 mg kg-1 LW of glutamate, every 4d × 30d, im.), ii) GGT (7 mg kg-1 LW of glutamate every 4d × 30d im + 25 mg of testosterone propionate, every 3d × 15d, im.), iii) GT (25 mg of testosterone propionate every 3d × 15d, im, and iv) GC (1 mL of saline, every 4d × 30d, im.). Thereafter, Dorper rams, (n = 4 per group) were selected and exposed to Dorper anovulatory-nulliparous ewes divided in four groups (n = 14 ewes each), and all the appetitive (ASB) and consummatory (CSB) sexual behaviors and indicators of sexual rest (ISR) were registered during the first 48 h of this male-to-females contact. Thereafter, males continued the male-to-female contact for another 8 d, in order to quantify the ewe's sexual and reproductive response through the male effect. During the sexual behavior tests, the GGT rams showed the highest ASB + CSB frequencies (P < 0.05) followed by the GG-rams with the lowest frequencies showed by the GC and GT groups. While the highest ISR behaviors were shown by the GG and GGT groups (P < 0.05) followed by the GC and GT-rams, no differences occurred regarding LW, BCS, and SC along the experimental breeding, with the largest (P < 0.05) OI shown by the GGT-rams and the lowest value observed in the control rams. Regarding the reproductive response of the nulliparous-anovulatory ewes exposed to treated rams, the glutamate + testosterone treated males induced not only an increased (P < 0.05) ovulatory activity and faster (P < 0.05) estrus response but an augmented (P < 0.05) pregnancy rate of the previously anovulatory ewes. To conclude, whereas the GG and GGT treatments generated encouraging sexual and reproductive outcomes, our results are also thought-provoking from a comparative sexual behavior perspective while may embrace potential applications to other animal industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Calderón-Leyva
- Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, 27054 Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico; Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto de Estudios de Posgrado, Campus Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cesar A Meza-Herrera
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Áridas, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Rodriguez-Martinez
- Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, 27054 Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Oscar Angel-García
- Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, 27054 Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Raymundo Rivas-Muñoz
- Instituto Tecnológico de Torreón, Carretera a San Pedro km 7.5, Torreón Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Juan V Delgado-Bermejo
- Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto de Estudios de Posgrado, Campus Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco G Véliz-Deras
- Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, 27054 Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
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27
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Mohr MA, DonCarlos LL, Sisk CL. Inhibiting Production of New Brain Cells during Puberty or Adulthood Blunts the Hormonally Induced Surge of Luteinizing Hormone in Female Rats. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0133-17.2017. [PMID: 29098175 PMCID: PMC5666323 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0133-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
New cells are added during both puberty and adulthood to hypothalamic regions that govern reproduction, homeostasis, and social behaviors, yet the functions of these late-born cells remain elusive. Here, we pharmacologically inhibited cell proliferation in ventricular zones during puberty or in adulthood and determined subsequent effects on the hormone-induced surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) in female rats. Initial neuroanatomical analyses focused on verifying incorporation, activation, and pharmacological inhibition of pubertally or adult born cells in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) of the hypothalamus because of the essential role of the AVPV in triggering the preovulatory LH surge in females. We first showed that approximately half of the pubertally born AVPV cells are activated by estradiol plus progesterone (P) treatment, as demonstrated by Fos expression, and that approximately 10% of pubertally born AVPV cells express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Next, we found that mitotic inhibition through intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of cytosine β-D-arabinofuranoside (AraC), whether during puberty or in adulthood, decreased the number of new cells added to the AVPV and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and also blunted and delayed the hormone-induced LH surge. These studies do not prove, but are highly suggestive, that ongoing postnatal addition of new cells in periventricular brain regions, including the AVPV and SCN, may be important to the integrity of female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Mohr
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Lydia L. DonCarlos
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
| | - Cheryl L. Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Butruille L, Batailler M, Mazur D, Prévot V, Migaud M. Seasonal reorganization of hypothalamic neurogenic niche in adult sheep. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:91-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Lewis JE, Ebling FJP. Tanycytes As Regulators of Seasonal Cycles in Neuroendocrine Function. Front Neurol 2017; 8:79. [PMID: 28344570 PMCID: PMC5344904 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual cycles of physiology and behavior are highly prevalent in organisms inhabiting temperate and polar regions. Examples in mammals include changes in appetite and body fat composition, hibernation and torpor, growth of antlers, pelage and horns, and seasonal reproduction. The timing of these seasonal cycles reflects an interaction of changing environmental signals, such as daylength, and intrinsic rhythmic processes: circannual clocks. As neuroendocrine signals underlie these rhythmic processes, the focus of most mechanistic studies has been on neuronal systems in the hypothalamus. Recent studies also implicate the pituitary stalk (pars tuberalis) and hypothalamic tanycytes as key pathways in seasonal timing. The pars tuberalis expresses a high density of melatonin receptors, so is highly responsive to changes in the nocturnal secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland as photoperiod changes across the year. The pars tuberalis in turn regulates tanycyte function in the adjacent hypothalamus via paracrine signals. Tanycytes are radial glial cells that persist into adulthood and function as a stem cell niche. Their cell soma are embedded in the ependymal lining of the third ventricle, and they also send elaborate projections through the arcuate nucleus, many of which terminate on capillaries in the median eminence. This anatomy underlies their function as sensors of nutrients in the circulation, and as regulators of transport of hormones and metabolites into the hypothalamus. In situ hybridization studies reveal robust seasonal changes in gene expression in tanycytes, for example, those controlling transport and metabolism of thyroid hormone and retinoic acid. These hormonal signals play a key role in the initial development of the brain, and experimental manipulation of thyroid hormone availability in the adult hypothalamus can accelerate or block seasonal cyclicity in sheep and Siberian hamsters. We hypothesize that seasonal rhythms depends upon reuse of developmental mechanisms in the adult hypothalamus and that tanycytes are key orchestrators of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo E Lewis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre , Nottingham , UK
| | - Francis J P Ebling
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre , Nottingham , UK
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30
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Seasonal Variation in Collective Mood via Twitter Content and Medical Purchases. ADVANCES IN INTELLIGENT DATA ANALYSIS XVI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68765-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Armbruster D, Brocke B, Strobel A. Winter is coming: Seasonality and the acoustic startle reflex. Physiol Behav 2016; 169:178-183. [PMID: 27940142 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circannual rhythms and seasonality have long been in the interest of research. In humans, seasonal changes in mood have been extensively investigated since a substantial part of the population experiences worsening of mood during winter. Questions remain regarding accompanying physiological phenomena. We report seasonal effects on the acoustic startle response in a cross-sectional (n=124) and a longitudinal sample (n=23). Startle magnitudes were larger in winter (sample 1: p=0.026; sample 2: p=0.010) compared to summer months. Although the findings need to be replicated they may have implications regarding the timing of startle experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Armbruster
- Personality and Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Brocke
- Personality and Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Strobel
- Personality and Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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32
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Menant O, Andersson F, Zelena D, Chaillou E. The benefits of magnetic resonance imaging methods to extend the knowledge of the anatomical organisation of the periaqueductal gray in mammals. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 77:110-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Johnston RA, Paxton KL, Moore FR, Wayne RK, Smith TB. Seasonal gene expression in a migratory songbird. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5680-5691. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Johnston
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles 610 Charles E Young Dr. South Rm. 4162 Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Kristina L. Paxton
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
- Department of Biology University of Hawaii Hilo Hilo HI 96720 USA
| | - Frank R. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Robert K. Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles 610 Charles E Young Dr. South Rm. 4162 Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Thomas B. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles 610 Charles E Young Dr. South Rm. 4162 Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Center for Tropical Research Institute of the Environment and Sustainability University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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34
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A neuroendocrine role for chemerin in hypothalamic remodelling and photoperiodic control of energy balance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26830. [PMID: 27225311 PMCID: PMC4880918 DOI: 10.1038/srep26830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term and reversible changes in body weight are typical of seasonal animals. Thyroid hormone (TH) and retinoic acid (RA) within the tanycytes and ependymal cells of the hypothalamus have been implicated in the photoperiodic response. We investigated signalling downstream of RA and how this links to the control of body weight and food intake in photoperiodic F344 rats. Chemerin, an inflammatory chemokine, with a known role in energy metabolism, was identified as a target of RA. Gene expression of chemerin (Rarres2) and its receptors were localised within the tanycytes and ependymal cells, with higher expression under long (LD) versus short (SD) photoperiod, pointing to a physiological role. The SD to LD transition (increased food intake) was mimicked by 2 weeks of ICV infusion of chemerin into rats. Chemerin also increased expression of the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, implicating hypothalamic remodelling in this response. By contrast, acute ICV bolus injection of chemerin on a 12 h:12 h photoperiod inhibited food intake and decreased body weight with associated changes in hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in growth and feeding after 24 hr. We describe the hypothalamic ventricular zone as a key site of neuroendocrine regulation, where the inflammatory signal, chemerin, links TH and RA signaling to hypothalamic remodeling.
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35
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Adult neurogenesis and reproductive functions in mammals. Theriogenology 2016; 86:313-23. [PMID: 27177964 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During adulthood, the mammalian brain retains the capacity to generate new cells and new neurons in particular. It is now well established that the birth of these new neurons occurs in well-described sites: the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, as well as in other brain regions including the hypothalamus. In this review, we describe the canonical neurogenic niches and illustrate the functional relevance of adult-born neurons of each neurogenic niche in the reproductive physiology. More specifically, we highlight the effect of reproductive social stimuli on the neurogenic processes and conversely, the contributions of adult-born neurons to the reproductive physiology and behavior. We next review the recent discovery of a novel neurogenic niche located in the hypothalamus and the median eminence and the compelling evidence of the link existing between the new-born hypothalamic neurons and the regulation of metabolism. In addition, new perspectives on the possible involvement of hypothalamic neurogenesis in the control of photoperiodic reproductive physiology in seasonal mammals are discussed. Altogether, the studies highlighted in this review demonstrate the potential role of neurogenesis in reproductive function and emphasize the importance of increasing our knowledge on the regulation processes and the physiological relevance of these adult-born neurons. This constitutes a necessary step toward a potential manipulation of these plasticity mechanisms.
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Westerman E, Monteiro A. Rearing Temperature Influences Adult Response to Changes in Mating Status. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146546. [PMID: 26863319 PMCID: PMC4749170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearing environment can have an impact on adult behavior, but it is less clear how rearing environment influences adult behavior plasticity. Here we explore the effect of rearing temperature on adult mating behavior plasticity in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana, a species that has evolved two seasonal forms in response to seasonal changes in temperature. These seasonal forms differ in both morphology and behavior. Females are the choosy sex in cohorts reared at warm temperatures (WS butterflies), and males are the choosy sex in cohorts reared at cooler temperatures (DS butterflies). Rearing temperature also influences mating benefits and costs. In DS butterflies, mated females live longer than virgin females, and mated males live shorter than virgin males. No such benefits or costs to mating are present in WS butterflies. Given that choosiness and mating costs are rearing temperature dependent in B. anynana, we hypothesized that temperature may also impact male and female incentives to remate in the event that benefits and costs of second matings are similar to those of first matings. We first examined whether lifespan was affected by number of matings. We found that two matings did not significantly increase lifespan for either WS or DS butterflies relative to single matings. However, both sexes of WS but not DS butterflies experienced decreased longevity when mated to a non-virgin relative to a virgin. We next observed pairs of WS and DS butterflies and documented changes in mating behavior in response to changes in the mating status of their partner. WS but not DS butterflies changed their mating behavior in response to the mating status of their partner. These results suggest that rearing temperature influences adult mating behavior plasticity in B. anynana. This developmentally controlled behavioral plasticity may be adaptive, as lifespan depends on the partner’s mating status in one seasonal form, but not in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Westerman
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Antónia Monteiro
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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The Role of Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Neurogenesis and Neuritogenesis. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:3276383. [PMID: 26881105 PMCID: PMC4737468 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3276383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a source of neural progenitor cells which give rise to different populations of specialized and differentiated cells during brain development. Newly formed neurons in the hypothalamus can synthesize and release various neuropeptides. Although term neuropeptide recently undergoes redefinition, small-size hypothalamic neuropeptides remain major signaling molecules mediating short- and long-term effects on brain development. They represent important factors in neurite growth and formation of neural circuits. There is evidence suggesting that the newly generated hypothalamic neurons may be involved in regulation of metabolism, energy balance, body weight, and social behavior as well. Here we review recent data on the role of hypothalamic neuropeptides in adult neurogenesis and neuritogenesis with special emphasis on the development of food intake and social behavior related brain circuits.
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Sensitivity to the photoperiod and potential migratory features of neuroblasts in the adult sheep hypothalamus. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:3301-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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"Seasonal changes in the neuroendocrine system": some reflections. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 37:3-12. [PMID: 25462591 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This perspective considers first the general issue of seasonality and how it is shaped ecologically. It asks what is the relative importance of "strategic" (photoperiod-dependent) versus "tactical" (supplemental) cues in seasonality and what neural circuits are involved? It then considers recent developments as reflected in the Special Issue. What don't we understand about the photoperiodic clock and also the long-term timing mechanisms underlying refractoriness? Are these latter related to the endogenous annual rhythms? Can we finally identify the opsins involved in photodetection? What is the present position with regard to melatonin as "the" annual calendar? An exciting development has been the recognition of the involvement of thyroid hormones in seasonality but how does the Dio/TSH/thyroid hormone pathway integrate with downstream components of the photoperiodic response system? Finally, there are the seasonal changes within the central nervous system itself--perhaps the most exciting aspect of all.
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