1
|
Li M, Zhang N, Huang Y, Pan CG, Dong Z, Lin Z, Li C, Jiang YX, Liang YQ. The effects of 17α-methyltestosterone on gonadal histology and gene expression along hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, germ cells, sex determination, and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1494-1504. [PMID: 37994244 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
As a synthetic androgen, 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) is widely used in aquaculture to induce sex reversal and may pose a potential risk to aquatic organisms. This ecological risk has attracted the attention of many scholars, but it is not comprehensive enough. Thus, the adverse effects of MT on zebrafish (Danio rerio) were comprehensively evaluated from gonadal histology, as well as the mRNA expression levels of 47 genes related to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, germ cell differentiation, sex determination, and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Adult zebrafish with a female/male ratio of 5:7 were exposed to a solvent control (0.001% dimethyl sulfoxide) and three measured concentrations of MT (5, 51 and 583 ng/L) for 50 days. The results showed that MT had no significant histological effects on the ovaries of females, but the frequency of late-mature oocytes (LMO) showed a downward trend, indicating that MT could induce ovarian suppression to a certain extent. The transcriptional expression of activating transcription factor 4b1 (atf4b1), activating transcription factor 4b2 (atf4b2), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta 1 (camk2d1), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta 2 (camk2d2) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor 2 (camk2n2) genes in the brain of females increased significantly at all treatment groups of MT, and the mRNA expression of forkhead box L2a (foxl2) and ovarian cytochrome P450 aromatase (cyp19a1a) genes in the ovaries were down-regulated by 5 and 583 ng/L group, which would translate into inhibition of oocyte development. As compared to females, MT had relatively little effects on the reproductive system of males, and only the transcriptional alterations of synaptonemal complex protein 3 (sycp3) and 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (cyp17) genes were observed in the testes, not enough to affect testicular histology. In addition, MT at all treatments strongly increased corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) transcript in the brain of females, as well as deiodinase 2 (dio2) transcript in the brain of males. The paired box protein 8 (pax8) gene was significantly decreased at 51 or 583 ng/L of MT in both female and male brains. The above results suggest that MT can pose potential adverse effects on the reproductive and thyroid endocrine system of fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minchun Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Gui Pan
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongdian Dong
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyong Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xia Jiang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Liang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yazawa T, Imamichi Y, Sato T, Ida T, Umezawa A, Kitano T. Diversity of Androgens; Comparison of Their Significance and Characteristics in Vertebrate Species. Zoolog Sci 2024; 41:77-86. [PMID: 38587520 DOI: 10.2108/zs230064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Androgen(s) is one of the sex steroids that are involved in many physiological phenomena of vertebrate species. Although androgens were originally identified as male sex hormones, it is well known now that they are also essential in females. As in the case of other steroid hormones, androgen is produced from cholesterol through serial enzymatic reactions. Although testis is a major tissue to produce androgens in all species, androgens are also produced in ovary and adrenal (interrenal tissue). Testosterone is the most common and famous androgen. It represents a major androgen both in males and females of almost vertebrate species. In addition, testosterone is a precursor for producing significant androgens such as11-ketotestosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 11-ketodihydrotestosterones and 15α-hydroxytestosterone in a species- or sex-dependent manner for their homeostasis. In this article, we will review the significance and characteristics of these androgens, following a description of the history of testosterone discovery and its synthetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan,
| | - Yoshitaka Imamichi
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 917-0003, Japan,
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Kurume University, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takanori Ida
- Center for Animal Disease Control, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zou C, Wang L, Shu C, Tan X, Wu Z, Zou Y, Li Z, Wang G, Song Z, You F. Rxrs and their partner receptor genes inducing masculinization plausibly mediated by endocrine disruption in Paralichthys olivaceus. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 226:106219. [PMID: 36356854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) can form homo- or heterodimers with orphan receptors involved in multiple intertwined signaling pathways. However, there is limited study on the formation of sex phenotypes and the regulation of steroidogenesis by RXRs in fish. Here, in Paralichthys olivaceus, we first indicated that PPARγ::RXRα was predictably a transcription factor for steroidogenesis genes, and Foxl2 and Dmrt1 were also transcription factors for rxrs and their partner receptor genes. When the flounder fry were exposed to LG100268 (LG, RXRs agonist, 50 mg/kg diet), the percentage of males increased from 50% to 71.4%. Before histological differentiation of the flounder ovary (3 cm TL) and testis (6 cm TL), the transcripts of rar β and rar γ (P < 0.05) were activated, and the steroidogenesis gene Hsd3b1 was down-regulated (P < 0.05). The ratios of testosterone (T)/17β-estradiol (E2) were all greatly increased (P < 0.05), and the ratio of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT)/E2 was elevated at 3 cm TL. Moreover, LG was used to treat the cultured gonads in vitro (10 μM) and the fish with intraperitoneal injection in vivo (12 mg/kg body weight), respectively. LG was able to up-regulate rxr γ, rar γ, and ppar δ, and Hsd3b1 was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). The ratios of 11-KT/E2 in the culture medium and in the ovaries of the fish were decreased. Furthermore, the recombinant flounder Foxl2 protein was able to significantly down-regulate ppar γ (P < 0.05) and tr β (P < 0.01) in the ovaries in vitro, and the result of the Dmrt1 in the testes was opposite to that of the Foxl2, probably indicating a feedback loop between RXRs' partner receptors and Foxl2/Dmrt1. These findings introduce for the first time the mode of action of RXRs on the flounder steroidogenesis and provide important data to learn the potential function of RXRs in fish sex differentiation and the potential role of RXRs in aquatic animals in the presence of water pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zou
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Chang Shu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xungang Tan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yuxia Zou
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Ze Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guoyu Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zongcheng Song
- Shenghang Aquatic Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Weihai 264200, PR China
| | - Feng You
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Identification and Characterization of Sex-Biased miRNAs in the Golden Pompano ( Trachinotus blochii). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233342. [PMID: 36496865 PMCID: PMC9739008 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) is a marine fish of considerable commercial importance in China. It shows notable sexual size dimorphism; the growth rate of females is faster than that of males. Therefore, sex-biased research is of great importance in T. blochii breeding. However, there have been few studies on sex differentiation and mechanisms underlying sex determination in T. blochii. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in sex differentiation and determination in animals. However, limited miRNA data are available on fish. In this study, two small RNA libraries prepared from the gonads of T. blochii were constructed and sequenced. The RNA-seq analysis yielded 1366 known and 69 novel miRNAs with 289 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs (p < 0.05). Gene ontology (GO) analysis confirmed that the TFIIA transcription factor complex (GO: 0005672) was the most significantly enriched GO term. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs and target genes were mainly related to sex determination and gonadal developmental signaling pathways, specifically the Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and steroid biosynthetic pathway. MiRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis strongly suggested a role for sex-biased miRNAs in sex determination/differentiation and gonadal development. For example, gata4, foxo3, wt1, and sf1 genes were found to be regulated by bta-miR-2898; esr2 and foxo3 by novel_176, and ar by oar-let-7b. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of selected mRNAs and miRNAs validated the integrated analysis. This study established a set of sex-biased miRNAs that are potential regulatory factors in gonadal development in T. blochii. These results provide new insight into the function of miRNAs in sex differentiation and determination in T. blochii and highlight some key miRNAs for future studies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Horie Y, Kanazawa N, Takahashi C, Tatarazako N, Iguchi T. Gonadal Soma-Derived Factor Expression is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Gonadal Differentiation in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias Latipes). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1875-1884. [PMID: 35502944 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals with androgenic or estrogenic activity induce the sex reversal and/or intersex condition in various teleost fish species. Previously, we reported that exposure to 17α-methyltestosterone, bisphenol A, or 4-nonylphenol induces changes in expression of the gonadal soma-derived factor (gsdf) gene accompanied by disruption of gonadal differentiation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). These findings suggest that gsdf expression might be a useful biomarker for predicting the potential effect of chemicals on gonadal differentiation. We examined the gsdf expression in Japanese medaka exposed to chemicals with estrogenic or androgenic activity. Exposure to the androgenic steroid 17β-trenbolone at 0.5-22.1 μg/L induced the development of ovotestis (presence of ovarian tissue with testicular tissue) and female-to-male sex reversal in XX embryos, and exposure at 6.32 and 22.1 μg/L significantly increased gsdf expression in XX embryos compared with controls at developmental stage 38 (1 day before hatching). In the present study, no statistically significant difference in gsdf mRNA expression was observed after exposure to 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and 4-t-octylphenol, which have estrogenic activity. In addition, antiandrogenic chemicals or chemicals without endocrine-disrupting activity did not induce changes in gsdf expression in XX or XY embryos. Thus, an increase in gsdf expression after androgen exposure was observed in XX embryos. Together, these findings indicate that gsdf expression might be useful for predicting the adverse effect of chemicals on gonadal differentiation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1875-1884. © 2022 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Nakano Simoshinjo, Akita, Japan
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kanazawa
- Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Chiho Takahashi
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Nakano Simoshinjo, Akita, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Department of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brown MS, Evans BS, Afonso LOB. Developmental changes in gene expression and gonad morphology during sex differentiation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Gene 2022; 823:146393. [PMID: 35248662 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a globally important species for its value in fisheries and aquaculture, and as a research model. In order to characterise aspects of sex differentiation at the morphological and mRNA level in this species, the present study examined developmental changes in gonad morphology and gene expression in males and females between 0 and 79 days post hatch (dph). Morphological differentiation of the ovary (indicated by the formation of germ cell cysts) became apparent from 52 dph. By 79 dph, ovarian phenotype was evident in 100% of genotypic females. Testes remained in an undifferentiated-like state throughout the experiment, containing germ cells dispersed singularly within the gonadal region distal to the mesentery. There were no significant sex-related differences in gonad cross-section size, germ cell number or germ cell diameter during the experiment. The expression of genes involved in teleost sex differentiation (anti-müllerian hormone (amh), cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a (cyp19a1a), forkhead box L2a (foxl2a), gonadal soma-derived factor (gsdf), r-spondin 1 (rspo1), sexually dimorphic on the Y chromosome (sdY)), retinoic acid-signalling (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2 (aldh1a2), cytochrome P450 family 26 a1 (cyp26a1), cytochrome P450 family 26 b1 (cyp26b1), t-box transcription factor 1 (tbx1a)) and neuroestrogen production (cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1b (cyp19a1b)) was investigated. Significant sex-related differences were observed only for the expression of amh, cyp19a1a, gsdf and sdY. In males, amh, gsdf and sdY were upregulated from 34, 59 and 44 dph respectively. In females, cyp19a1a was upregulated from 66 dph. Independent of sex, foxl2a expression was highest at 0 dph and had reduced ∼ 47-fold by the time of morphological sex differentiation at 52 dph. This study provides new insights into the timing and sequence of some physiological changes associated with sex differentiation in Atlantic salmon. These findings also reveal that some aspects of the mRNA sex differentiation pathways in Atlantic salmon are unique compared to other teleost fishes, including other salmonids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan S Brown
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Warrnambool Campus, Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia.
| | - Brad S Evans
- Tassal Operations, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
| | - Luis O B Afonso
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharma P, Purohit S, Kothiyal S, Negi S, Bhattacharya I. Sex Specific Transcriptional Regulation of Gonadal Steroidogenesis in Teleost Fishes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:820241. [PMID: 35250877 PMCID: PMC8894591 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.820241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
8
|
Yan H, Shen X, Jiang J, Zhang L, Yuan Z, Wu Y, Liu Q, Liu Y. Gene Expression of Takifugu rubripes Gonads During AI- or MT-induced Masculinization and E2-induced Feminization. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6218011. [PMID: 33831176 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the global molecular changes that occur during aromatase inhibitor (AI)- or 17α-methyltestosterone (MT)-induced masculinization and estradiol-17β (E2)-induced feminization is critical to understanding the roles that endocrine and genetic factors play in regulating the process of sex differentiation in fish. Here, fugu larvae were treated with AI (letrozole), MT, or E2 from 25 to 80 days after hatching (dah), and gonadal transcriptomic analysis at 80 dah was performed. The expression of dmrt1, gsdf, foxl2, and other key genes (star, hsd3b1, cyp11c1, cyp19a1a, etc.) involved in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway were found be altered. The expression of dmrt1, gsdf, cyp19a1a, and foxl2 was further verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In the control group, the expression of dmrt1 and gsdf was significantly higher in XY larvae than in XX larvae, while the expression of foxl2 and cyp19a1a was significantly higher in XX larvae than in XY larvae (P < .05). AI treatment suppressed the expression of foxl2 and cyp19a1a, and induced the expression of dmrt1 and gsdf in XX larvae. MT treatment suppressed the expression of foxl2, cyp19a1a, dmrt1, and gsdf in XX larvae. E2 treatment suppressed the expression of dmrt1 and gsdf, but did not restore the expression of foxl2 and cyp19a1a in XY larvae. The shared response following AI, MT, and E2 treatment suggested that these genes are essential for sex differentiation. This finding offers some insight into AI or MT-induced masculinization, and E2-induced femininization in fugu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yan
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xufang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, 116023, Dalian, China
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal university, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Jieming Jiang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, 116023, Dalian, China
- College of Marine Science and Environment Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Yumeng Wu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, 116023, Dalian, China
- College of Marine Science and Environment Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, 116023, Dalian, China
- College of Marine Science and Environment Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi H, Ru X, Mustapha UF, Jiang D, Huang Y, Pan S, Zhu C, Li G. Characterization, expression, and regulatory effects of nr0b1a and nr0b1b in spotted scat (Scatophagus argus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110644. [PMID: 34224854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1 (Nr0b1) belongs to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily. It plays critical roles in sex determination, sex differentiation, and gonadal development in mammals. In this study, the duplicated genes nr0b1a and nr0b1b were identified in spotted scat (Scatophagus argus). Phylogenetic and synteny analyses revealed that, unlike nr0b1a, nr0b1b was retained in several species of teleosts after an nr0b1 gene duplication event but was secondarily lost in other fish species, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. In a sequence analysis, only 1.5 LXXLL-related repeat motifs were identified in spotted scat Nr0b1a, Nr0b1b, and non-mammalian Nr0b1a/Nr0b1, different from the 3.5 repeat motifs in mammalian Nr0b1. By qPCR, nr0b1a and nr0b1b were highly expressed in testes from stages IV to V and in ovaries from stages II to IV, respectively. Male-to-female sex reversal was induced in XY spotted scat by the administration of exogenous E2. A qPCR analysis showed that nr0b1b mRNA expression was higher in sex-reversed XY fish than in control XY fish, with no difference in nr0b1a. A luciferase assay showed that spotted scat Nr0b1a and Nr0b1b did not individually activate cyp19a1a gene transcription. As in mammals, spotted scat Nr0b1a suppressed Nr5a1-mediated cyp19a1a expression, despite containing only 1.5 LXXLL-related repeat motifs in its N-terminal region, while Nr0b1b stimulated Nr5a1-mediated cyp19a1a transcription. These results demonstrated that nr0b1a and nr0b1b in spotted scat have distinct expression patterns and regulatory effects and further indicate that nr0b1b might be involved in ovarian development by regulating Nr5a1-mediated cyp19a1a expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Shi
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaoying Ru
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Umar Farouk Mustapha
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Dongneng Jiang
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuhui Pan
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guangli Li
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Judycka S, Nynca J, Hliwa P, Ciereszko A. Characteristics and Cryopreservation of Semen of Sex-Reversed Females of Salmonid Fish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:964. [PMID: 33478050 PMCID: PMC7835994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex reversal has been used as a breeding strategy by salmonid fish to produce genetically and phenotypically single sex populations. Production of all-female fish has great importance for the creation of monosex female triploids of salmonid fish, which are valued for their sterility, lack of female maturation, and larger commercial size. Among salmonids, the majority of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) production is based on all-female production with a high proportion of all-female triploid production in Europe. The main aim of this review is to present the recent knowledge regarding sex-reversed females (SRFs) of salmonid fish. We discuss the methods of sex reversal as well as their effects on the morphology and histology of the reproductive tract. We focus on the characteristics of SRF semen as well as the factors determining semen quality. The lower quality of SRF sperm compared to that of normal males has resulted in the need for the artificial maturation of semen. Most importantly, methods of semen storage-both short-term and long-term (cryopreservation)-that can improve hatchery operations are presented with the special emphasis on recent progress in development of efficient cryopreservation procedures and use of cryopreserved semen in hatchery practice. Moreover, we also address the emerging knowledge concerning the proteomic investigations of salmonid sperm, focusing primarily on the proteomic comparison of normal male and SRF testicular semen and presenting changes in SRF rainbow trout sperm proteome after in vitro incubation in artificial seminal plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Judycka
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Joanna Nynca
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Piotr Hliwa
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska St. 117A, 10-701 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.N.); (A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rahdari A, Khoshkholgh M, Yarmohammadi M, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M, Lokman PM, Akhavan SR, de Cerio OD, Cancio I, Falahatkar B. The effects of 11-ketotestosterone implants on transcript levels of gonadotropin receptors, and foxl2 and dmrt1 genes in the Previtellogenic ovary of cultured beluga (Huso huso). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:374-382. [PMID: 32388872 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo effect of 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) on transcript levels of the gonadotropin receptors (fshr and lhr) and sex differentiation-related genes (dmrt1 and foxl2) was examined in the ovaries of immature female beluga. For this purpose, six fish were treated with implants containing 2.5 mg 11KT and a placebo group of six females of the same age and gametogenic stage were given a blank implant. The implants were intraperitoneally inserted into 4-year-old females at the previtellogenic stage (mean body weight 5580 ± 165 g) and maintained under culture conditions for 8 weeks. Ovary samples for gene expression analysis of lhr, fshr, dmrt1 and foxl2 were collected by biopsy at 3 and 8 weeks post implantation. Diameters of oocytes increased in response to 11KT treatment, both at 3 and at 8 weeks post implantation, but no obvious changes were evident in cytology. Three weeks of 11KT treatment did not affect target gene expression, but a tendency for a time-dependent decrease of lhr and dmrt1 mRNA levels was observed in both treatment and placebo groups. By 8 weeks of treatment, however, 11KT implants provoked the upregulation of fshr and foxl2 transcript levels. Furthermore, lhr and dmrt1 transcript abundances recovered by 8 weeks of exposure in both blank- and 11KT-implanted beluga. These results suggest that 11KT, either directly or indirectly, may affect gametogenesis and regulate some key components of the reproductive axis in female beluga.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolali Rahdari
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
- Department of Fisheries, Hamoun International Wetland Research Institute, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Majidreza Khoshkholgh
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
| | - Mahtab Yarmohammadi
- International Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maren Ortiz-Zarragoitia
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain
| | | | - Sobhan R Akhavan
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Oihane Diaz de Cerio
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ibon Cancio
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Bahram Falahatkar
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yan T, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Deng F, Cai Y, He J, Ma Z, He L, Luo J, Yang D, He Z. Expression patterns and oestradiol regulation of growth differentiation factor 9 in Schizothorax prenanti. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 248-249:110470. [PMID: 32653508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) plays pivotal roles in regulating follicular development in many mammalian species. In the present study, the full-length Schizothorax prenanti gdf9 cDNA sequence was isolated and characterized, and its expression pattern in developing gonads and in the gonads of exogenous oestradiol (E2)-fed fish were analysed. The S. prenanti gdf9 cDNA sequence consisted of 1958 base pairs (bp), encoded a 413 amino acid, and showed high sequence similarity with Carassius gibelio and Cyprinus carpio. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that gdf9 was mainly expressed in the gonads, with particularly high expression in the cortical alveoli stage ovary and late-spermatogenic stage testis. Immunohistochemical signals for Gdf9 were mainly detected in chromatin nucleolar oocytes, spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Furthermore, the gonadal expression of gdf9 induced by exogenous E2 was related to the feeding time and dose. Taken together, these findings were helpful to gain a better understanding of the role of Gdf9 in both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in S. prenanti.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Songpei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Faqiang Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yueping Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiayang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhijun Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Deying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Puttabyatappa M, Matiller V, Stassi AF, Salvetti NR, Ortega HH, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming: Prenatal Testosterone Excess on Ovarian SF1/DAX1/FOXO3. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:342-354. [PMID: 32046386 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T) excess, partly via androgenic programming, enhances follicular recruitment/persistence in sheep as in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Decreased anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in early growing and increased AMH in antral follicles may underlie enhanced recruitment and persistence, respectively. Changes in AMH may be mediated by steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), an enhancer of AMH, and dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1 (DAX1), that antagonizes SF1. Another mediator could be forkhead box 03 (FOXO3) which regulates follicular recruitment/atresia. To test if androgen-programmed changes in SF1, DAX1, and FOXO3 proteins contribute to follicular defects in prenatal T-treated sheep, ovaries from control, prenatal T-, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated (days 30-90 of gestation) animals at fetal day (FD) 90, FD140, and 1 and 2 years-of-age were studied. Prenatal T increased DAX1 in granulosa cells of primordial through large preantral and theca cells of large preantral follicles at FD140 and increased SF1 in the granulosa cells of preantral and antral and theca cells of large preantral follicle at 2 years-of-age. Prenatal T increased FOXO3 only in theca cells of preantral (FD140) and antral (2 years-of-age) follicles. Prenatal DHT increased DAX1 in granulosa cells from small preantral follicles at FD140 while increasing SF1 in granulosa cells from antral follicles at 1 year-of-age. These age-dependent changes in DAX1/SF1 partly via androgen-programming are consistent with changes in AMH and may contribute to the enhanced follicular recruitment/persistence, and multifollicular phenotype of prenatal T-treated females and may be of translational relevance to PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muraly Puttabyatappa
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, Room 7510 MSRB I, 1150 Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5718, USA
| | - Valentina Matiller
- Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Antonela F Stassi
- Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia R Salvetti
- Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo H Ortega
- Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, Room 7510 MSRB I, 1150 Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5718, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Wang J, Lu L, Li Y, Wei Y, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Tian H, Wang W, Ru S. Genotoxic biomarkers and histological changes in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) exposed to 17α-ethynylestradiol and 17β-trenbolone. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110601. [PMID: 31706722 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting pollutants in marine environments have aroused great concern for their adverse effects on the reproduction of marine organisms. This study aimed to seek promising biomarkers for estrogenic/androgenic chemicals. First, two possible male-specific genes, SRY-box containing gene 9a2 (sox9a2) and gonadal soma-derived factor (gsdf), were cloned from marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Then the responses of sox9a2, gsdf, choriogenin (chgH and chgL), vitellogenin (vtg1 and vtg2), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (cyp19a and cyp19b) were investigated after exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and 17β-trenbolone (TB) at 2, 10, and 50 ng/L. The results showed that gsdf was specifically expressed in the testes and easily induced in the ovaries after TB exposure, indicating that gsdf was a potential biomarker of environmental androgens. ChgL was a useful biomarker of weak estrogen pollution for its high sensitivity to low levels of EE2. In addition, both EE2 and TB exposure damaged gonadal structures and inhibited gonadal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Lin Lu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shen ZG, Eissa N, Yao H, Xie ZG, Wang HP. Effects of Temperature on the Expression of Two Ovarian Differentiation-Related Genes foxl2 and cyp19a1a. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1208. [PMID: 30356866 PMCID: PMC6190877 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stress induces a series of responses and influences a wide range of biological processes including sex differentiation in fish. The present work investigated the molecular and physiological response to thermal stress throughout the early development stage covering the whole period of sex differentiation of bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus. Larvae were treated using three temperatures, 17, 24, and 32°C from 6 to 90 days posthatching (dph) in 30-L round tanks. There is no significant difference of the sex ratio and survival among the three temperature groups in the geographic population used in this study. Two ovarian differentiation-related genes foxl2 and cyp19a1a were detected at 7 dph suggesting that these genes have already played a role prior to sex differentiation. The expression of foxl2 reached the peak and was thermosensitive just prior to the onset of ovarian differentiation at 27 dph. Histological examination displayed that the proliferation of germ cells and ovarian differentiation were delayed at the low-temperature treatment (17°C) at 97 dph compared with higher temperatures. In conclusion, the water temperature regulates the sex differentiation of bluegill through modulation of the expression of foxl2 and cyp19a1a. A comparative study of the expression profile of sex differentiation-related genes in species will shed light on the evolution of sex-determination mechanisms and the impact of stress on sex differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Shen
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States.,College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nour Eissa
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States.,Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hong Yao
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States
| | - Zhi-Gang Xie
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States.,College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Han-Ping Wang
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ożegowska K, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M, Celichowski P, Nawrocki MJ, Bryja A, Jankowski M, Kranc W, Brązert M, Knap S, Jeseta M, Skowroński MT, Bukowska D, Antosik P, Brüssow KP, Bręborowicz A, Bruska M, Nowicki M, Pawelczyk L, Zabel M, Kempisty B. Expression pattern of new genes regulating female sex differentiation and in vitro maturational status of oocytes in pigs. Theriogenology 2018; 121:122-133. [PMID: 30145542 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The processes underlying maturation of mammalian oocytes are considered crucial for the oocytes ability to undergo monospermic fertilization. The same factors of influence are suggested to impact the development of sex associated characteristics, allowing sex differentiation to progress during embryonic growth. The primary aim of the study was to analyze the gene ontology groups involved in regulation of porcine oocytes' response to endogenous stimuli. The results obtained would indicate potential genes influencing sex differentiation. Additionally, they could help to determine new genetic markers, expression profile of which is substantially regulated during porcine oocytes' in vitro maturation. To achieve that, porcine oocytes were collected for analysis before and after in vitro maturation. Pigs were used as they are a readily available model that presents significant similarity to humans in terms of physiology and anatomy. Microarray analysis of oocytes, before and after in vitro maturation was performed and later validated by RT-qPCR. We have particularly detected and analyzed genes belonging to gene ontology groups associated with hormonal stimulation during maturation of the oocytes, that exhibited significant change in expression (fold change ≥ |2|; p < 0.05) namely "Female sex differentiation" (CCND2, MMP14, VEGFA, FST, INHBA, NR5A1), "Response to endogenous stimulus" (INSR, ESR1, CCND2, TXNIP, TACR3, MMP14, FOS, AR, EGR2, IGFBP7, TGFBR3, BTG2, PLD1, PHIP, UBE2B) and "Response to estrogen stimulus" (INSR, ESR1, CCND2, IHH, TXNIP, TACR3, MMP14). Some of them were characteristic for just one of the described ontologies, while some belonged into multiple ontological terms. The genes were analyzed, with their relation to the processes of interest explained. Overall, the study provides us with a range of genes that might serve as molecular markers of in vitro maturation associated processes of the oocytes. This knowledge might serve as a reference for further studies and, after further validation, as a potentially useful knowledge in assessment of the oocytes during assisted reproduction processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ożegowska
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska
- Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz J Nawrocki
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Bryja
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Brązert
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sandra Knap
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Mariusz T Skowroński
- Department of Animal Physiology University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Veterinary Center, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Veterinary Center, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Klaus P Brüssow
- Veterinary Center, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bręborowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bruska
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Leszek Pawelczyk
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Exposure to an anti-androgenic herbicide negatively impacts reproductive physiology and fertility in Xenopus tropicalis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9124. [PMID: 29904069 PMCID: PMC6002408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibians are threatened on a global scale and pollutants may be contributing to population declines, but how chemicals impact on their reproduction is poorly understood. We conducted a life cycle analysis to investigate the impacts of early life exposure to two anti-androgens (exposure until completion of metamorphosis;stage 66): flutamide, (50 µg/L)/linuron (9 and 45 µg/L)) on sexual development and breeding competence in Xenopus tropicalis. Our analyses included: mRNA levels of dmrt1, cyp17, amh, cyp19, foxl2 and ar (tadpoles/metamorphs), gonadal histomorphology (metamorphs/adults), mRNA levels of ar/gr (adult male brain/gonad/forelimb), testosterone/corticosterone levels (adult males), secondary sexual characteristics (forelimb width/nuptial pad: adult males) and breeding competence (amplexus/fertility: adult males). Compared to controls, feminised sex ratios and increased number of spermatogonia (adults) were observed after exposure to flutamide and the lower linuron concentration. Exposure to the lower linuron concentration also resulted in demasculinisation of secondary sexual characteristics and reduced male fertility. Flutamide exposure resulted in masculinisation of the nuptial pad and elevated mRNA levels of dmrt1, cyp17, amh and foxl2 in brains (metamorphs). Testosterone levels were higher in all treatment groups, however, overall few effects were observed in response to the higher linuron concentration. Our findings advance understanding of reproductive biology of X. tropicalis and illustrate negative effects of linuron on reproductive processes at a concentration measured in freshwater environments.
Collapse
|
18
|
Campbell DEK, Langlois VS. Expression of sf1 and dax-1 are regulated by thyroid hormones and androgens during Silurana tropicalis early development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 259:34-44. [PMID: 29107601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) and androgens have been shown to be extensively involved in sexual development; however, relatively little is known with regard to TH-related and androgenic actions in sex determination. We first established expression profiles of three sex-determining genes (sf1, dax-1, and sox9) during the embryonic development of Western clawed frogs (Silurana tropicalis). Transcripts of sf1 and sox9 were detected in embryos before the period in which embryonic transcription commences indicating maternal transfer, whereas dax-1 transcripts were not detected until later in development. To examine whether TH status affects sex-determining gene expression in embryonic S. tropicalis, embryos were exposed to co-treatments of iopanoic acid (IOP), thyroxine (T4), or triiodothyronine (T3) for 96 h. Expression profiles of TH receptors and deiodinases reflect inhibition of peripheral deiodinase activity by IOP and recovery by T3. Relevantly, elevated TH levels significantly increased the expression of sf1 and dax-1 in embryonic S. tropicalis. Further supporting TH-mediated regulation, examination of the presence and frequency of transcription factor binding sites in the putative promoter regions of sex-determining genes in S. tropicalis and rodent and fish models using in silico analysis also identified TH motifs in the putative promoter regions of sf1 and dax-1. Together these findings advocate that TH actions as early as the period of embryogenesis may affect gonadal fate in frogs. Mechanisms of TH and androgenic crosstalk in relation to the regulation of steroid-related gene expression were also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, ON Canada; Institut National de la recherche scientifique (INRS) - Centre Eau Terre Environnement (ETE), Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang H, Wang B, Liu J, Li A, Zhu H, Wang X, Zhang Q. Piwil1 gene is regulated by hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): A different effect in ovaries and testes. Gene 2018. [PMID: 29524575 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As constituent factors of Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathways, Piwi proteins are essential for germline maintenance and gonadal development. Previous studies show that Piwi-piRNA pathways could be regulated by hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, however, related studies have not been reported in marine species. Here we reported the identification of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) piwil1 gene, which was abundantly expressed in testis and ovary in a tissue-specific manner. Phylogenetic and genomic structure analyses revealed that piwil1 was conserved in its sequence and function during vertebrate evolution. We also investigated the effects of HPG axis hormones, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estradiol-17β (E2) and 17α-methyltestosterone (MT), on gonadal piwil1 expression via in vivo and in vitro approaches. In ovary, hCG and E2 suppressed piwil1 expression both in vivo and in vitro, and MT increased piwil1 expression in vivo. In testis, hCG had upregulating effects on piwil1 expression in vivo and in vitro, and MT also increased piwil1 expression in vitro. In addition, E2 suppressed expression of piwil1 in vivo. These results indicated that the decreased or increased expression of piwil1 regulated by hormones might play a crucial role during gonadal differentiation and development in S. maximus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Aoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - He Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - XuBo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tsakogiannis A, Manousaki T, Lagnel J, Sterioti A, Pavlidis M, Papandroulakis N, Mylonas CC, Tsigenopoulos CS. The transcriptomic signature of different sexes in two protogynous hermaphrodites: Insights into the molecular network underlying sex phenotype in fish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3564. [PMID: 29476120 PMCID: PMC5824801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differentiation is a puzzling problem in fish due to the variety of reproductive systems and the flexibility of their sex determination mechanisms. The Sparidae, a teleost family, reflects this remarkable diversity of sexual mechanisms found in fish. Our aim was to capture the transcriptomic signature of different sexes in two protogynous hermaphrodite sparids, the common pandora Pagellus erythrinus and the red porgy Pagrus pagrus in order to shed light on the molecular network contributing to either the female or the male phenotype in these organisms. Through RNA sequencing, we investigated sex-specific differences in gene expression in both species' brains and gonads. The analysis revealed common male and female specific genes/pathways between these protogynous fish. Whereas limited sex differences found in the brain indicate a sexually plastic tissue, in contrast, the great amount of sex-biased genes observed in gonads reflects the functional divergence of the transformed tissue to either its male or female character. Α common "crew" of well-known molecular players is acting to preserve either sex identity of the gonad in these fish. Lastly, this study lays the ground for a deeper understanding of the complex process of sex differentiation in two species with an evolutionary significant reproductive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tsakogiannis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - T Manousaki
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece
| | - J Lagnel
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece
| | - A Sterioti
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece
| | - M Pavlidis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - N Papandroulakis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece
| | - C C Mylonas
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece
| | - C S Tsigenopoulos
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao C, Zhang G, Yin S, Li Z, Wang Q, Chen S, Zhou G. Integrated analysis of mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq reveals the potential roles of sex-biased miRNA-mRNA pairs in gonad tissue of dark sleeper (Odontobutis potamophila). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:613. [PMID: 28806919 PMCID: PMC5557427 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dark sleeper (Odontobutis potamophila) is an important commercial fish species which shows a sexually dimorphic growth pattern. However, the lack of sex transcriptomic data is hindering further research and genetically selective breeding of the dark sleeper. In this study, integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA was performed on gonad tissue to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in the dark sleeper. Results A total of 143 differentially expressed miRNAs and 16,540 differentially expressed genes were identified. Of these, 8103 mRNAs and 75 miRNAs were upregulated in testes, and 8437 mRNAs and 68 miRNAs were upregulated in ovaries. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles predicted more than 50,000 miRNA-mRNA interaction sites, and among them 27,583 negative miRNA-mRNA interactions. A number of sex related genes were targeted by sex-biased miRNAs. The relationship between 15 sex-biased genes and 15 sex-biased miRNAs verified by using qRT-PCR were described. Additionally, a number of SNPs were revealed through the transcriptome data. Conclusions The overall results of this study facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying sex determination and differentiation and provide valuable genomic information for selective breeding of the dark sleeper. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3995-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China
| | - Guosong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China. .,Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China.
| | - Zecheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China
| | - Qintao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China
| | - Shuqiao Chen
- Nanjing Institute of Fisheries Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210036, China
| | - Guoqin Zhou
- Nanjing Institute of Fisheries Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210036, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee SLJ, Horsfield JA, Black MA, Rutherford K, Fisher A, Gemmell NJ. Histological and transcriptomic effects of 17α-methyltestosterone on zebrafish gonad development. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:557. [PMID: 28738802 PMCID: PMC5523153 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex hormones play important roles in teleost ovarian and testicular development. In zebrafish, ovarian differentiation appears to be dictated by an oocyte-derived signal via Cyp19a1a aromatase-mediated estrogen production. Androgens and aromatase inhibitors can induce female-to-male sex reversal, however, the mechanisms underlying gonadal masculinisation are poorly understood. We used histological analyses together with RNA sequencing to characterise zebrafish gonadal transcriptomes and investigate the effects of 17α-methyltestosterone on gonadal differentiation. RESULTS At a morphological level, 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) masculinised gonads and accelerated spermatogenesis, and these changes were paralleled in masculinisation and de-feminisation of gonadal transcriptomes. MT treatment upregulated expression of genes involved in male sex determination and differentiation (amh, dmrt1, gsdf and wt1a) and those involved in 11-oxygenated androgen production (cyp11c1 and hsd11b2). It also repressed expression of ovarian development and folliculogenesis genes (bmp15, gdf9, figla, zp2.1 and zp3b). Furthermore, MT treatment altered epigenetic modification of histones in zebrafish gonads. Contrary to expectations, higher levels of cyp19a1a or foxl2 expression in control ovaries compared to MT-treated testes and control testes were not statistically significant during early gonad development (40 dpf). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that both androgen production and aromatase inhibition are important for androgen-induced gonadal masculinisation and natural testicular differentiation in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia A. Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago New Zealand
| | - Michael A. Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago New Zealand
| | - Kim Rutherford
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago New Zealand
| | - Amanda Fisher
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago New Zealand
| | - Neil J. Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fatima S, Adams M, Wilkinson R. Sex reversal of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) by 17α-methyltestosterone exposure: A serial experimental approach to determine optimal timing and delivery regimes. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 175:39-47. [PMID: 27802873 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Commercial culture of Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Tasmania was partly abandoned due to sexual maturation of male fish early on during the estuarine rearing phase. Maturation adversely affects body mass, flesh quality and immunocompetency effectively. Sex reversal techniques such as the in-feed addition of a synthetic androgen have proven difficult to adapt in brook trout. An appropriate timing, duration and delivery vehicle for administration of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) to produce phenotypic males (neomales) from genotypically female brook trout required further investigation. In this study, groups of brook trout eggs (n=1000) maintained at 9.5±0.15-10±0.14°C, were immersed in MT (400μgL-1) for four hours on two alternate days (two immersions/group) staggered over a two week period surrounding the hatch of embryos (control groups excluded). The groups were then split and half received MT-supplemented feed for 60days and the other a standard diet. Following an 11 month on-growing period sex phenotypes were determined by gross & histological gonad morphology. The highest proportion of male phenotypes (75%) was found in fish immersed six and four days pre-hatch and subsequently fed a normal diet. Fish fed a MT supplemented diet and immersed in MT showed significantly higher proportions of sterile fish. These data indicate that a pre-hatch immersion-only regime (4-6days pre-hatch at 9.5°C) should be pursued as a target for optimization studies to further refine the effective concentration and duration of exposure to MT for the successful production of neo-male brook trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shafaq Fatima
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Australia.
| | - Mark Adams
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Australia.
| | - Ryan Wilkinson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fajkowska M, Rzepkowska M, Adamek D, Ostaszewska T, Szczepkowski M. Expression of dmrt1 and vtg genes during gonad formation, differentiation and early maturation in cultured Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:1441-1449. [PMID: 27239004 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the dmrt1 and vtg genes was described using the real-time PCR (rt-PCR) method from 25 to 1600 days post-hatch (dph) in cultured Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii. The level of dmrt1 transcription in gonads in subsequent studied periods increased exponentially while vtg expression increased in gonads and livers of A. gueldenstaedtii examined, but in later stages of development. Both dmrt1 and vtg genes showed elevated expression in intersex individuals probably caused by dietary exposure to phyto-oestrogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fajkowska
- Department of Ichthyobiology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Rzepkowska
- Department of Ichthyobiology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Adamek
- Department of Ichthyobiology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Ostaszewska
- Department of Ichthyobiology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Szczepkowski
- Department of Sturgeon Fish Breeding, Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Pieczarki 50, 11-610, Pozezdrze, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang X, Yuan L, Li L, Jiang H, Chen J. Conservation, sex-biased expression and functional annotation of microRNAs in the gonad of Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 18:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
26
|
Robertson C, Pauli BD, Trudeau VL, Navarro-Martín L. Characterization and Developmental Expression Profile of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) in the Gonad-Mesonephros Complex of Lithobates sylvaticus. Sex Dev 2016; 10:91-6. [PMID: 27110942 DOI: 10.1159/000445816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein is responsible for the movement of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes and is therefore a key factor in regulating the timing and rate of steroidogenesis. In this study, we characterized the coding region of the star gene in the ranid Lithobates sylvaticus and studied star mRNA levels in steroidogenic tissues during development and under natural conditions. Our results support previous research showing that the StAR sequence is well conserved. We determined that star is expressed in both the interrenal and gonadal tissues of adults and in the tadpole gonad-mesonephros complex (GMC). The mRNA levels of star in the GMC were found to increase during tadpole development, reaching a maximum between Gosner stages (Gs) 32 and 38. We observed a significant drop in star mRNA levels at the end of prometamorphosis (Gs40-41), just before the start of the metamorphic climax. Significant differences in star levels between females and males, with males presenting higher levels than females, were detected at Gs36-38. To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports transitory star sex differences in tadpoles' developing GMC. Our results suggest an involvement of StAR in anuran late male GMC formation and development that requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Robertson
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics (CAREG), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen L, Jiang X, Feng H, Shi H, Sun L, Tao W, Xi Q, Wang D. Simultaneous exposure to estrogen and androgen resulted in feminization and endocrine disruption. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:205-18. [PMID: 26759274 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen, which is synthesized earlier in females than androgen in males, is critical for sex determination in non-mammalian vertebrates. However, it remains unknown that what would happen to the gonadal phenotype if estrogen and androgen were administrated simultaneously. In this study, XY and XX tilapia fry were treated with the same dose of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and 17β-estradiol (E2) alone and in combination from 0 to 30 days after hatching. Treatment of XY fish with E2 resulted in male to female sex reversal, while treatment of XX fish with MT resulted in female to male sex reversal. In contrast, simultaneous treatment of XX and XY fish with MT and E2 resulted in female, but with cyp11b2 and cyp19a1a co-expressed in the ovary. Serum 11-ketotestosteron level of the MT and E2 simultaneously treated XX and XY female was similar to that of the XY control, while serum E2 level of these two groups was similar to that of the XX control. Transcriptomic cluster analysis revealed that the MT and E2 treated XX and XY gonads clustered into the same branch with the XX control. However a small fraction of genes, which showed disordered expression, may be associated with stress response. These results demonstrated that estrogen could maintain the female phenotype of XX fish and feminize XY fish even in the presence of androgen. Simultaneous treatment with estrogen and androgen up-regulated the endogenous estrogen and androgen synthesis, and resulted in disordered gene expression and endocrine disruption in tilapia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaolong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haiwei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongjuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingping Xi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Identification and expression analysis of two Wnt4 genes in the spotted scat (Scatophagus argus). ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
29
|
Xu G, Huang T, Jin X, Cui C, Li D, Sun C, Han Y, Mu Z. Morphology, sex steroid level and gene expression analysis in gonadal sex reversal of triploid female (XXX) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:193-202. [PMID: 26373423 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In non-mammalian vertebrates, estrogens and expressions of cyp19a1 and foxl2 play critical roles in maintaining ovary differentiation and development, while dmrt1 and sox9 are male-specific genes in testicular differentiation and are highly conserved. In order to deeply understand the morphological change, sex steroids level and molecular mechanism of triploid female gonadal reversal in rainbow trout, we studied the ovary morphology, tendency of estradiol-17β (E2) and testosterone (T) levels and the relative expressions of dmrt1, cyp19a1, sox9 and foxl2 in juvenile and adult fish. Our results demonstrated that the development of triploid female gonads in rainbow trout went through arrested development, oocytes dedifferentiation, ovary reconstruction and sex reversal finally. During early gonadal development (154-334 days post-fertilization), the expressions of foxl2 and cyp19a1 increased linearly, while expressions of dmrt1 and sox9 were extremely suppressed, and E2 level was higher, while T level was lower. During the mid-to-late period of triploid female gonadal development (574-964 days post-fertilization), the expressions of dmrt1 and sox9 remained high and were very close to the quantity of diploid male genes, and T levels were even reaching diploid male plasma concentrations, while expressions of cyp19a1 and foxl2 were decreased, leading to decrease in E2 level. We realized that the development model of rainbow trout triploid female gonads was extremely rare, and the regulatory mechanism was very special. Genes involved in gonadal development and endogenous estrogens are pivotal factors in fish natural sex reversal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gefeng Xu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianqing Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xian Jin
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Cunhe Cui
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Depeng Li
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Cong Sun
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Zhenbo Mu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu H, Lamm MS, Rutherford K, Black MA, Godwin JR, Gemmell NJ. Large-scale transcriptome sequencing reveals novel expression patterns for key sex-related genes in a sex-changing fish. Biol Sex Differ 2015; 6:26. [PMID: 26613014 PMCID: PMC4660848 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-015-0044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Teleost fishes exhibit remarkably diverse and plastic sexual developmental patterns. One of the most astonishing is the rapid socially controlled female-to-male (protogynous) sex change observed in bluehead wrasses (Thalassoma bifasciatum). Such functional sex change is widespread in marine fishes, including species of commercial importance, yet its underlying molecular basis remains poorly explored. Methods RNA sequencing was performed to characterize the transcriptomic profiles and identify genes exhibiting sex-biased expression in the brain (forebrain and midbrain) and gonads of bluehead wrasses. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis were carried out for the sex-biased genes in the gonad to detect global differences in gene products and genetic pathways between males and females. Results Here we report the first transcriptomic analysis for a protogynous fish. Expression comparison between males and females reveals a large set of genes with sex-biased expression in the gonad, but relatively few such sex-biased genes in the brain. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis suggested that ovaries are mainly enriched for metabolic processes and testes for signal transduction, particularly receptors of neurotransmitters and steroid hormones. When compared to other species, many genes previously implicated in male sex determination and differentiation pathways showed conservation in their gonadal expression patterns in bluehead wrasses. However, some critical female-pathway genes (e.g., rspo1 and wnt4b) exhibited unanticipated expression patterns. In the brain, gene expression patterns suggest that local neurosteroid production and signaling likely contribute to the sex differences observed. Conclusions Expression patterns of key sex-related genes suggest that sex-changing fish predominantly use an evolutionarily conserved genetic toolkit, but that subtle variability in the standard sex-determination regulatory network likely contributes to sexual plasticity in these fish. This study not only provides the first molecular data on a system ideally suited to explore the molecular basis of sexual plasticity and tissue re-engineering, but also sheds some light on the evolution of diverse sex determination and differentiation systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-015-0044-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Melissa S Lamm
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA ; W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Kim Rutherford
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John R Godwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA ; W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Neil J Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pfennig F, Standke A, Gutzeit HO. The role of Amh signaling in teleost fish--Multiple functions not restricted to the gonads. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 223:87-107. [PMID: 26428616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the important role of Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) during gonad development in fishes. This Tgfβ-domain bearing hormone was named after one of its known functions, the induction of the regression of Müllerian ducts in male mammalian embryos. Later in development it is involved in male and female gonad differentiation and extragonadal expression has been reported in mammals as well. Teleosts lack Müllerian ducts, but they have amh orthologous genes. amh expression is reported from 21 fish species and possible regulatory interactions with further factors like sex steroids and gonadotropic hormones are discussed. The gonadotropin Fsh inhibits amh expression in all fish species studied. Sex steroids show no consistent influence on amh expression. Amh is produced in male Sertoli cells and female granulosa cells and inhibits germ cell proliferation and differentiation as well as steroidogenesis in both sexes. Therefore, Amh might be a central player in gonad development and a target of gonadotropic Fsh. Furthermore, there is evidence that an Amh-type II receptor is involved in germ cell regulation. Amh and its corresponding type II receptor are also present in brain and pituitary, at least in some teleosts, indicating additional roles of Amh effects in the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis. Unraveling Amh signaling is important in stem cell research and for reproduction as well as for aquaculture and in environmental science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pfennig
- Institut für Zoologie, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Andrea Standke
- Institut für Zoologie, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Meta-Analysis of Microarray Data of Rainbow Trout Fry Gonad Differentiation Modulated by Ethynylestradiol. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135799. [PMID: 26379055 PMCID: PMC4574709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differentiation in fish is a highly labile process easily reversed by the use of exogenous hormonal treatment and has led to environmental concerns since low doses of estrogenic molecules can adversely impact fish reproduction. The goal of this study was to identify pathways altered by treatment with ethynylestradiol (EE2) in developing fish and to find new target genes to be tested further for their possible role in male-to-female sex transdifferentiation. To this end, we have successfully adapted a previously developed bioinformatics workflow to a meta-analysis of two datasets studying sex reversal following exposure to EE2 in juvenile rainbow trout. The meta-analysis consisted of retrieving the intersection of the top gene lists generated for both datasets, performed at different levels of stringency. The intersecting gene lists, enriched in true positive differentially expressed genes (DEGs), were subjected to over-representation analysis (ORA) which allowed identifying several statistically significant enriched pathways altered by EE2 treatment and several new candidate pathways, such as progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation and PPAR signalling. Moreover, several relevant key genes potentially implicated in the early transdifferentiation process were selected. Altogether, the results show that EE2 has a great effect on gene expression in juvenile rainbow trout. The feminization process seems to result from the altered transcription of genes implicated in normal female gonad differentiation, resulting in expression similar to that observed in normal females (i.e. the repression of key testicular markers cyp17a1, cyp11b, tbx1), as well as from other genes (including transcription factors) that respond specifically to the EE2 treatment. The results also showed that the bioinformatics workflow can be applied to different types of microarray platforms and could be generalized to (eco)toxicogenomics studies for environmental risk assessment purposes.
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu S, Wang L, Qin F, Zheng Y, Li M, Zhang Y, Yuan C, Wang Z. Gonadal development and transcript profiling of steroidogenic enzymes in response to 17α-methyltestosterone in the rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:223-32. [PMID: 24681399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that natural and anthropogenic chemicals interfere with the hormonal system of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. How these chemicals regulate gonadal steroidogenesis remains to be determined. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT), a synthetic model androgen, on gene expression profiles of six key steroidogenic genes in adult rare minnow. The full-length cDNA encoding 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11β-HSD2) was firstly isolated and characterized by RT-PCR and RACE methods. The gonadal transcript changes of StAR, cyp11a1, 3β-HSD, cyp17a1, 11β-HSD2 and cyp19a1a in 6-month adult Gobiocypris rarus exposed to MT and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) for 7, 14 and 21 days were detected by qRT-PCR. To make an effort to connect the transcriptional changes of steroidogenic enzymes with effects on higher levels of biological organization and on VTG, one remarkable sensitive target of steroids, body and gonad weights, histology of gonads, and hepatic vtg mRNA level were measured. MT caused varying degree of abnormalities in ovaries and testes. The hepatic vtg mRNA level was highly inhibited in females and slightly altered in males by MT. Transcripts of several steroidogenic genes including StAR, cyp17a1, and cyp11a1 showed high responsiveness to MT exposure in G. rarus. The gene expression profiles of these steroidogenic genes in MT-treated groups were much distinct with the EE2-treated group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- The Hospital of Northwest A&F University, Yanglin, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fang Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cong Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zheng Y, Liang H, Xu P, Li M, Wang Z. Molecular cloning of Pcc-dmrt1s and their specific expression patterns in Pengze crucian carp (Carassius auratus var. Pengze) affected by 17α-methyltestosterone. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1141-1155. [PMID: 24445816 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dmrt1, an important transcription factor associated with testicular differentiation, is conserved among teleost, which could also be detected in ovaries. In the present study, three isoforms of Pcc-dmrt1s (Pcc-dmrt1a, Pcc-dmrt1b and Pcc-dmrt1c) resulting from alternative splicing of the dmrt1 gene were cloned and characterized in the triploid gynogenetic fish, the Pengze crucian carp. Their mRNA expression profiling was investigated in juvenile developmental stages, tissues of the adult fish, and the juveniles under 84.2 ng/L 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) treatments. Results showed that their putative proteins shared high identities to Dmrt1 in cyprinid fish species. Gene expression profiling in the developmental stages showed that all the three target genes had a highest/lowest expression at 56/40 days post-hatching (dph), respectively. The period of 40 dph appeared to be a key time during the process of the ovary development of Pengze crucian carp. The tissue distribution results indicated that Pcc-dmrt1s were predominantly expressed in hepatopancreas, brain, spleen and ovary of the female fish. MT significantly increased the mRNA expression of Pcc-dmrt1a (all 4-week exposures) and Pcc-dmrt1b (except for week 2), while repressed Pcc-dmrt1c transcripts at all exposure period except for week 2. MT extremely significant repressed cyp19a1a transcripts for 1 week. The present study indicated that MT could influence the ovary development of Pengze crucian carp by disturbing gene expressions of Pcc-dmrt1s and cyp19a1a. Furthermore, the present study will be of great significance to broaden the understanding of masculinizing pathway during ovary development in gynogenetic teleost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sun LN, Jiang XL, Xie QP, Yuan J, Huang BF, Tao WJ, Zhou LY, Nagahama Y, Wang DS. Transdifferentiation of differentiated ovary into functional testis by long-term treatment of aromatase inhibitor in Nile tilapia. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1476-88. [PMID: 24437491 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Females with differentiated ovary of a gonochoristic fish, Nile tilapia, were masculinized by long-term treatment with an aromatase inhibitor (Fadrozole) in the present study. The reversed gonads developed into functional testes with fertile sperm. The longer the fish experienced sex differentiation, the longer treatment time was needed for successful sex reversal. Furthermore, Fadrozole-induced sex reversal, designated as secondary sex reversal (SSR), was successfully rescued by supplement of exogenous 17β-estradiol. Gonadal histology, immunohistochemistry, transcriptome, and serum steroid level were analyzed during SSR. The results indicated that spermatogonia were transformed from oogonia or germline stem cell-like cells distributed in germinal epithelium, whereas Leydig and Sertoli cells probably came from the interstitial cells and granulosa cells of the ovarian tissue, respectively. The transdifferentiation of somatic cells, as indicated by the appearance of doublesex- and Mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (pre-Sertoli cells) and cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2 (pre-Leydig cells)-positive cells in the ovary, provided microniche for the transdifferentiation of germ cells. Decrease of serum 17β-estradiol was detected earlier than increase of serum 11-ketotestosterone, indicating that decrease of estrogen was the cause, whereas increase of androgen was the consequence of SSR. The sex-reversed gonad displayed more similarity in morphology and histology with a testis, whereas the global gene expression profiles remained closer to the female control. Detailed analysis indicated that transdifferentiation was driven by suppression of female pathway genes and activation of male pathway genes. In short, SSR provides a good model for study of sex reversal in teleosts and for understanding of sex determination and differentiation in nonmammalian vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education) (L.-N.S., X.-L.J., Q.-P.X., J.Y., B.-F.H., W.-J.T., L.-Y.Z., D.-S.W.), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Solution-Oriented Research for Science and Technology (Y.N.) and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology (Y.N.), National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; and South Ehime Fisheries Research Center (Y.N.), Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gurzu S, Szentirmay Z, Jung I. Molecular classification of colorectal cancer: a dream that can become a reality. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2013; 7:267-76. [PMID: 23771065 DOI: 10.1159/000350687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite thousands of studies about colorectal cancer (CRC) as much as extensively usage of prognostic antibodies÷genes and clinical trials that include the newest targeted drugs, this tumor still remains in the top of both incidence and cancer-related mortality. In this review, we intended to correlate our experience in field of colorectal cancer with the literature data and to present our vision about the prognostic and predictive role of some of the most used molecular and immunohistochemical examinations in the field. The prognostic and predictive values of parameters such as microsatellite instability, angiogenesis, Maspin gene/protein, K-ras and BRAF mutations are discussed in relationship to the classical antibodies such as Keratin 7/20, p53 or HER2. At the end, we correlated these informations and tried to realize a molecular classification of colorectal cancer, similar to breast carcinomas, in order to establish targeted groups of patients for targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Romania.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li MH, Yang HH, Li MR, Sun YL, Jiang XL, Xie QP, Wang TR, Shi HJ, Sun LN, Zhou LY, Wang DS. Antagonistic roles of Dmrt1 and Foxl2 in sex differentiation via estrogen production in tilapia as demonstrated by TALENs. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4814-25. [PMID: 24105480 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are a powerful approach for targeted genome editing and have been proved to be effective in several organisms. In this study, we reported that TALENs can induce somatic mutations in Nile tilapia, an important species for worldwide aquaculture, with reliably high efficiency. Six pairs of TALENs were constructed to target genes related to sex differentiation, including dmrt1, foxl2, cyp19a1a, gsdf, igf3, and nrob1b, and all resulted in indel mutations with maximum efficiencies of up to 81% at the targeted loci. Effects of dmrt1 and foxl2 mutation on gonadal phenotype, sex differentiation, and related gene expression were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR. In Dmrt1-deficient testes, phenotypes of significant testicular regression, including deformed efferent ducts, degenerated spermatogonia or even a complete loss of germ cells, and proliferation of steroidogenic cells, were observed. In addition, disruption of Dmrt1 in XY fish resulted in increased foxl2 and cyp19a1a expression and serum estradiol-17β and 11-ketotestosterone levels. On the contrary, deficiency of Foxl2 in XX fish exhibited varying degrees of oocyte degeneration and significantly decreased aromatase gene expression and serum estradiol-17β levels. Some Foxl2-deficient fish even exhibited complete sex reversal with high expression of Dmrt1 and Cyp11b2. Furthermore, disruption of Cyp19a1a in XX fish led to partial sex reversal with Dmrt1 and Cyp11b2 expression. Taken together, our data demonstrated that TALENs are an effective tool for targeted gene editing in tilapia genome. Foxl2 and Dmrt1 play antagonistic roles in sex differentiation in Nile tilapia via regulating cyp19a1a expression and estrogen production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
DAX1 regulatory networks unveil conserved and potentially new functions. Gene 2013; 530:66-74. [PMID: 23954228 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DAX1 is an orphan nuclear receptor with actions in mammalian sex determination, regulation of steroidogenesis, embryonic development and neural differentiation. Conserved patterns of DAX1 gene expression from mammals to fish have been taken to suggest conserved function. In the present study, the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, DAX1 promoter was isolated and its conserved features compared to other fish and mammalian DAX1 promoters in order to derive common regulators and functional gene networks. Fish and mammalian DAX1 promoters share common sets of transcription factor frameworks which were also present in the promoter region of another 127 genes. Pathway analysis clustered these into candidate gene networks associated with the fish and mammalian DAX1. The networks identified are concordant with described functions for DAX1 in embryogenesis, regulation of transcription, endocrine development and steroid production. Novel candidate gene network partners were also identified, which implicate DAX1 in ion homeostasis and transport, lipid transport and skeletal development. Experimental evidence is provided supporting roles for DAX1 in steroid signalling and osmoregulation in fish. These results highlight the usefulness of the in silico comparative approach to analyse gene regulation for hypothesis generation. Conserved promoter architecture can be used also to predict potentially new gene functions. The approach reported can be applied to genes from model and non-model species.
Collapse
|
39
|
Li M, Wang L, Wang H, Liang H, Zheng Y, Qin F, Liu S, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Molecular cloning and characterization of amh, dax1 and cyp19a1a genes and their response to 17α-methyltestosterone in Pengze crucian carp. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 157:372-81. [PMID: 23528270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The proteins encoded by amh, dax1 and cyp19a1a play important roles in gonad differentiation. Their functions have been far less studied in teleosts. In this study, the full-length cDNAs of amh, dax1 and cyp19a1a were cloned and characterized in a triploid gynogenic fish, the Pengze crucian carp. Their expression profilings in juvenile development, adult tissues and juveniles exposed to 100 ng/L 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) were investigated. Results showed that their putative proteins shared high identities to their counterparts in cyprinid fish species, respectively. The tissue distribution results indicated that amh and cyp19a1a were predominantly expressed in the ovary and dax1 was dominantly expressed in the liver. Gene profiling in the developmental stages showed that all the three target genes had a consistent highest expression at 48 days post hatching (dph). The period of 48 dph appeared to be a key time during the process of the gonad development of Pengze crucian carp. 100 ng/L MT significantly increased the mRNA expression of amh at 2- and 4-week exposures and enhanced dax1 and cyp19a1a at 6-week exposure. The present study indicated that MT could influence the gonad development in Pengze crucian carp by disturbing sex-differentiation associated gene expression. Furthermore, the present study will be of great significance to broaden the understanding of molecular mechanisms of the physiological processes of reproduction in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Singh AK. Introduction of modern endocrine techniques for the production of monosex population of fishes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 181:146-55. [PMID: 23063432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Of the techniques available to mass-produce a sterile or monosex population, the hormonal induction of sex reversal is the most widely practiced. This paper presents the synthesis of works done on sex reversal using 17α methyltestosterone (17αMT), 17β estradiol, non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and oestrogen receptor agonist, tamoxifen in commercially important aquaculture species mossambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, common carp Cyprinus carpio, mahseer Tor putitora and African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Results on sex reversal for producing female T. putitora delineated that treatment to fry of T. putitora 60 days post fertilization (60 dpf) with 17β estradiol (150 mg/kg feed) fetched 69.5% female population. Further, raised temperature (23 ± 1 °C) five degrees above ambient temperature brought about 37.5% female populations which was above the control (24.4% females). Feeding tilapia O. mossambicus fry after yolk sac absorption stage (8 dpf) with 17αMT incorporated diet (35 mg/kg feed) under long photoperiod (16L:8D) for 60 days obtained 100% sex reversed males with excellent growth. Treatment with tamoxifen and letrozole (200mg/kg feed) to fingerlings of C. carpio and O. niloticus for 60 days brought about 82.5% and 98.5% masculinization with increased level of testosterone (T). Letrozole treatments to C. gariepinus significantly (p<0.001) increased T level to 1197.76 ± 18.79 pg/ml when treatment was given through feed for 60 days and 1470.5 ± 20.76 pg/ml via intraperitoneal injection. There was significant deviation in sex ratio leading to high level of masculinization in different aquaculture species with treatments of hormones and AIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul K Singh
- Exotic Fish Germplasm Section of Fish Health Management Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, PO Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Piferrer F, Ribas L, Díaz N. Genomic approaches to study genetic and environmental influences on fish sex determination and differentiation. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 14:591-604. [PMID: 22544374 PMCID: PMC3419836 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-012-9445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The embryonic gonad is the only organ that takes two mutually exclusive differentiating pathways and hence gives rise to two different adult organs: testes or ovaries. The recent application of genomic tools including microarrays, next-generation sequencing approaches, and epigenetics can significantly contribute to decipher the molecular mechanisms involved in the processes of sex determination and sex differentiation. However, in fish, these studies are complicated by the fact that these processes depend, perhaps to a larger extent when compared to other vertebrates, on the interplay of genetic and environmental influences. Here, we review the advances made so far, taking into account different experimental approaches, and illustrate some technical complications deriving from the fact that as development progresses it becomes more and more difficult to distinguish whether changes in gene expression or DNA methylation patterns are the cause or the consequence of such developmental events. Finally, we suggest some avenues for further research in both model fish species and fish species facing specific problems within an aquaculture context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Passeig Marítim 37-49, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li M, Wu F, Gu Y, Wang T, Wang H, Yang S, Sun Y, Zhou L, Huang X, Jiao B, Cheng CHK, Wang D. Insulin-like growth factor 3 regulates expression of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes and key transcription factors in the Nile tilapia gonad. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:163, 1-10. [PMID: 22337331 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.096248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (Igfs) are implicated in a wide variety of physiological roles in teleost gonadal development and reproduction. In the present study, igf3 mRNA expression in the tilapia ovary was found to be higher than in the testis from 5 to 40 days after hatching (dah) but was lower than that in testis from 50 to 70 dah. Consistently, Igf3 protein signal was detected in the somatic cells of XX and XY gonads from 10 dah until adulthood by immunohistochemistry, using a specific Igf3 polyclonal antibody. Incubation of ovarian and testicular cells in primary culture with recombinant Igf3 significantly increased nr5a1, foxl2, dmrt1, cyp19a1a, cyp11a1, cyp11b2, hsd3b2 , and cyp17a1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Promoter analysis using luciferase assays in HEK293 cells revealed that igf3 promoter activity was directly activated by Nr5a1 (Sf1) and further enhanced by Foxl2, Nr0b1a (Dax1), and Nr0b1b (Dax2) but repressed by Dmrt1 and estrogen receptor (Esr1, Esr2a, or Esr2b) along with 17beta-estradiol treatment. In addition, igf3 promoter activity was increased slightly by forskolin treatment alone but synergistically up-regulated by transfection with nr5a1. These in vitro results correlated well with the expression profile of igf3 during early gonad differentiation. Our results indicated that igf3 is involved in fish gonad steroidogenesis because of its ability to regulate the expression of foxl2, dmrt1, and nr5a1 and steroidogenic enzymes. The expression of igf3 is in turn regulated by transcription factors Foxl2, Dmrt1, and Nr5a1, as well as by 17beta-estradiol treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Few studies have examined the underlying hormonal mechanisms that mediate reproductive cyclicity, male pregnancy and reproductive behaviour in syngnathids. Progress in these areas has been hampered by the small size of most species in the family and a lack of validated techniques for assessing endocrine function. Research on a relatively small number of species has suggested that androgens are likely regulators of spermatogenesis and the development of the male brood pouch prior to pregnancy whereas prolactin and corticosteroids synergistically promote brood pouch function during pregnancy. No evidence supports a reversal of reproductive steroid hormone function in sex-role reversed behaviour, but neuropeptides such as arginine vasotocin or isotocin should be examined for their role in regulating parturition and mating behaviour. The diversity of reproductive patterns exhibited by syngnathids suggests that they will provide a unique opportunity to assess how hormonal regulation of integumentary function, gametogenesis and reproductive behaviour have evolved within a teleost lineage. Additionally, their coastal distribution and embryo retention make them potentially important subjects for studies on the effect of endocrine disruption on fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Scobell
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Leet JK, Gall HE, Sepúlveda MS. A review of studies on androgen and estrogen exposure in fish early life stages: effects on gene and hormonal control of sexual differentiation. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 31:379-98. [PMID: 21557264 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Teleost fish are unique among vertebrates in that phenotypic sex or onset of sex inversion can be easily manipulated by hormonal treatments. In recent years, researchers have begun reporting concentrations of synthetic and natural hormones in the environment. Although concentrations are very low (in the parts per trillion to low parts per billion), they are still of concern because of the high potency of synthetic hormones and the enhanced susceptibility of teleost fishes, especially early life stages, to hormonal exposures. In this review, we will focus on sex differentiation in teleost fishes and how these processes in fish early life stages may be impacted by environmental hormones which are known to contaminate aquatic environments. We will start by reviewing information on sources and concentrations of hormones in the environment and continue by summarizing the state of knowledge of sex differentiation in teleost gonochoristic fishes, including information on genes involved (e.g. cyp19, dmrt1, sox9 and foxl2). We will end our review with a summary of studies that have examined the effects of androgens and estrogens on fish sex differentiation after exposure of fish embryos and larvae and with ideas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Leet
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Milla S, Depiereux S, Kestemont P. The effects of estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptors on the immune system of fish: a review. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:305-19. [PMID: 21210218 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, a number of studies have shown that, in addition to their classically described reproductive function, estrogens and androgens also regulate the immune system in teleosts. Today, several molecules are known to interfere with the sex-steroid signaling. These chemicals are often referred to as endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs). We review the growing evidence that these compounds interfere with the fish immune system. These studies encompass a broad range of approaches from field studies to those at the molecular level. This integrative overview improves our understanding of the various endocrine-disrupting processes triggered by these chemicals. Furthermore, the research also explains why fish that have been exposed to EDCs are more sensitive to pathogens during gametogenesis. In this review, we first discuss the primary actions of sex-steroid-like endocrine disruptors in fish and the specificity of the fish immune system in comparison to mammals. Then, we review the known interactions between the immune system and EDCs and interpret the primary effects of sex steroids (estrogens and androgens) and their related endocrine disruptors on immune modulation. The recent literature suggests that immune parameters may be used as biomarkers of contamination by EDCs. However, caution should be used in the assessment of such immunotoxicity. In particular, more attention should be paid to the specificity of these biomarkers, the external/internal factors influencing the response, and the transduction pathways induced by these molecules in fish. The use of the well-known mammalian models provides a useful guide for future research in fish.
Collapse
|
46
|
Baron D, Dubois E, Bihouée A, Teusan R, Steenman M, Jourdon P, Magot A, Péréon Y, Veitia R, Savagner F, Ramstein G, Houlgatte R. Meta-analysis of muscle transcriptome data using the MADMuscle database reveals biologically relevant gene patterns. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:113. [PMID: 21324190 PMCID: PMC3049149 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA microarray technology has had a great impact on muscle research and microarray gene expression data has been widely used to identify gene signatures characteristic of the studied conditions. With the rapid accumulation of muscle microarray data, it is of great interest to understand how to compare and combine data across multiple studies. Meta-analysis of transcriptome data is a valuable method to achieve it. It enables to highlight conserved gene signatures between multiple independent studies. However, using it is made difficult by the diversity of the available data: different microarray platforms, different gene nomenclature, different species studied, etc. Description We have developed a system tool dedicated to muscle transcriptome data. This system comprises a collection of microarray data as well as a query tool. This latter allows the user to extract similar clusters of co-expressed genes from the database, using an input gene list. Common and relevant gene signatures can thus be searched more easily. The dedicated database consists in a large compendium of public data (more than 500 data sets) related to muscle (skeletal and heart). These studies included seven different animal species from invertebrates (Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans) and vertebrates (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Canis familiaris, Gallus gallus). After a renormalization step, clusters of co-expressed genes were identified in each dataset. The lists of co-expressed genes were annotated using a unified re-annotation procedure. These gene lists were compared to find significant overlaps between studies. Conclusions Applied to this large compendium of data sets, meta-analyses demonstrated that conserved patterns between species could be identified. Focusing on a specific pathology (Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy) we validated results across independent studies and revealed robust biomarkers and new pathways of interest. The meta-analyses performed with MADMuscle show the usefulness of this approach. Our method can be applied to all public transcriptome data.
Collapse
|
47
|
Yano A, Nicol B, Guerin A, Guiguen Y. The duplicated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) T-box transcription factors 1, tbx1a and tbx1b, are up-regulated during testicular development. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:172-80. [PMID: 21308851 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tbx1 is a member of the T-box transcription factor gene family involved in embryogenesis and organogenesis. Recently, within a pan-genomic screen using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cDNA microarrays, we identified a tbx1 homolog with testicular over-expression during sex differentiation. Here, we characterized two very similar rainbow trout tbx1 paralogs, tbx1a and tbx1b. In adult tissues, tbx1a expression is restricted to the gonads, with high expression in the testis, while tbx1b is more widely expressed in gonads, gills, brains, muscle, and skin. During gonadal differentiation, both genes are differentially expressed in favor of testis formation shortly after hatching. These genes are expressed in somatic cells surrounding germ cells of the differentiating testis, while no or only weak expression was observed in the differentiating ovary. tbx1a and tbx1b were also both down-regulated in the differentiating testis during feminization with estrogens and up-regulated in the differentiating ovary during masculinization with an aromatase inhibitor. These results suggest that tbx1a and tbx1b are probably involved in the regulation of testicular differentiation in rainbow trout. Since Tbx1 is known to interact with the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway, we also examined the effect of RA on the rainbow trout tbx1 expression pattern. Expression of tbx1a and tbx1b was down-regulated in RA-treated male gonads, suggesting that tbx1 interacts with the RA signaling pathway and thus could be involved in the control of rainbow trout gonadal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Yano
- INRA, UR1037 SCRIBE, IFR140, Ouest-Genopole, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vizziano-Cantonnet D, Anglade I, Pellegrini E, Gueguen MM, Fostier A, Guiguen Y, Kah O. Sexual dimorphism in the brain aromatase expression and activity, and in the central expression of other steroidogenic enzymes during the period of sex differentiation in monosex rainbow trout populations. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 170:346-55. [PMID: 20955710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Using genetic monosex male and female rainbow trout populations, the potential sex differences in the central expression of estrogen receptors (esr1, esr2a, esr2b), brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) and some other steroidogenic enzymes was studied over the period of sex differentiation (from 35 to 63 dpf: days post-fertilization) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). In addition, aromatase activity was evaluated during this period. The results indicated that brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) expression and activity showed a clear and significant sexually dimorphic pattern with higher levels in male brain between 35 and 53 dpf before the time of gonad morphological differentiation. At that time the expression of a key enzyme involved in the conversion of cholesterol into steroids, the cyp11a1 (p450scc), as well as the estrogen receptors were also sexually dimorphic. The dimorphism was lost from 56 dpf onwards. Transcription factors such as nr5a1b (sf1) and nr0b1 (dax1), but not foxl2a were also higher in males than in females. These results demonstrate that, before or during the early period of morphological gonad differentiation, the brain exhibits a clear sexual dimorphism with respect to the expression and activity of aromatase as well as of certain enzymes and factors involved in steroid synthesis as p450scc and sf1. The results suggest a higher potentiality to produce estrogens by male brains during sex differentiation time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Vizziano-Cantonnet
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Reproducción y Ecología de Peces, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fatima S, Adams M, Wilkinson R. Histological study of gonadal development and sex differentiation in Salvelinus fontinalis under Tasmanian climate conditions. AUST J ZOOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/zo11092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the developmental process of gonads in brook trout from 0 degree days post-hatch (°dph) until completion of sex differentiation (3354°dph). Gonadal development was divided into undifferentiated (0–2013°dph) and differentiated phases (2769–3354°dph). Fertilised eggs (n = 1000) were incubated at 9.5−10°C until hatching at 66 days post-fertilisation (dpf). A total of 20% of alevins sampled on 0°dph were found with unpaired and undifferentiated gonads, indicating that gonadal development commenced before hatch. Initially, undifferentiated gonads contained stromal tissue and few primordial gonadal cells (PGC) (n = 2–5). During the undifferentiated phase, gonads increased in size and proliferative activity of the PGC increased their number (n = 15–22). The differentiated phase commenced with the appearance of sex differentiation at 2769°dph where gonads could be clearly differentiated as ovaries and presumptive testes. Ovaries were identified by the presence of oogonia while presumptive testes contained spermatogonia, vena comittis and a proximal network of cavities. Both ovaries and testes underwent further differentiation until the end of this phase (3354°dph). Oogonia were transformed into primary oocytes while spermatogonial cysts were observed in testes. However, differentiation of steroidogenic cells could not be observed. Direct sex differentiation was found in this study as undifferentiated gonads directly developed into testes and ovaries with anatomical differentiation preceding cytological differentiation. This study confirms previous studies that the prehatch period should be targeted when attempting to produce future monosex populations via indirect sex reversal using androgen treatment.
Collapse
|
50
|
Amberg JJ, Goforth R, Stefanavage T, Sepúlveda MS. Sexually dimorphic gene expression in the gonad and liver of shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:923-932. [PMID: 19941163 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-009-9369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of a biomarker for rapid detection of intersex is desirable to researchers and fisheries managers alike. The first step is to identify a marker that has a dimorphic expression pattern. With a focus on sex-specific genes, we assessed the use of vitellogenin (vtg), forkhead box L2 (foxl2) and doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (dmrt1) as molecular biomarkers for the identification of gender in shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus), a species known to have intersex individuals. A total of 61 shovelnose sturgeons were sampled from the Wabash River, Indiana, in April 2008. Results from our study indicate that least 7.5% of the non-females had testicular oocytes. Expression level of liver vtg was not higher in females than males, nor was gonad dmrt1 expression found to be higher in males. Only the expression of foxl2 was significantly greater in females and was found to be useful for identifying gender. Variation in expression levels of foxl2 in gonads of intersex fish limited its usefulness as a single biomarker for identifying this condition. Instead, the use of foxl2 to dmrt1 (foxl2 transcript abundance/dmrt1 transcript abundance) may be useful in the identification of intersex fish, as this ratio increased with increased feminization. We conclude that foxl2 can be used to identify sex, but not intersex sturgeon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon J Amberg
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller St., West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|