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Edem EE, Okhonmina UE, Nebo KE, Akinluyi ET, Ikuelogbon DA, Fafure AA, Olabiyi AA, Adedokun MA. Combined Exposure to Chronic Sleep Deprivation and Caffeine Potentiates Behavioural Deficits by Altering Neurochemical Profile and Synaptophysin Expression in Long-Evans Rats. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:2001-2015. [PMID: 36434357 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Using the Unpredictable Chronic Sleep Deprivation (UCSD) paradigm we developed, the combined effects of chronic sleep deprivation and high caffeine intake on prefrontal cortical synaptophysin expression, neurochemical profiles, and behavioural outcomes in Long-Evans rats were evaluated. The combination of chronic sleep deprivation and high-dose caffeine treatment produced varying degrees of behavioural impairments, depletion of antioxidants, serotonin, and an upregulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the prefrontal cortex. An immunohistochemical assessment revealed a reduction in synaptophysin protein expression in the prefrontal cortex following exposure to high-dose caffeine and chronic sleep deprivation. Overall, our findings support the advocacy for adequate sleep for optimal mental performance as a high intake of caffeine to attenuate the effects of sleep deprivation that may alter the neurochemical profile and synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex, significantly increasing the risk of neuropsychiatric/degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edem Ekpenyong Edem
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. .,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria.
| | - Uyi Emmanuel Okhonmina
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Kate Eberechukwu Nebo
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Adedamola Adediran Fafure
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji Augustine Olabiyi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ekiti State, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Mujeeb Adekunle Adedokun
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Chin JSR, Phan TAN, Albert LT, Keene AC, Duboué ER. Long lasting anxiety following early life stress is dependent on glucocorticoid signaling in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12826. [PMID: 35896563 PMCID: PMC9329305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic adversity in early childhood is associated with increased anxiety and a propensity for substance abuse later in adulthood, yet the effects of early life stress (ELS) on brain development remain poorly understood. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a powerful model for studying neurodevelopment and stress. Here, we describe a zebrafish model of ELS and identify a role for glucocorticoid signaling during a critical window in development that leads to long-term changes in brain function. Larval fish subjected to chronic stress in early development exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior and elevated glucocorticoid levels later in life. Increased stress-like behavior was only observed when fish were subjected to ELS within a precise time window in early development, revealing a temporal critical window of sensitivity. Moreover, enhanced anxiety-like behavior only emerges after two months post-ELS, revealing a developmentally specified delay in the effects of ELS. ELS leads to increased levels of baseline cortisol, and resulted in a dysregulation of cortisol receptors' mRNA expression, suggesting long-term effects on cortisol signaling. Together, these findings reveal a 'critical window' for ELS to affect developmental reprogramming of the glucocorticoid receptor pathway, resulting in chronic elevated stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S R Chin
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL, 33407, USA
| | - Tram-Anh N Phan
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL, 33407, USA
| | - Lydia T Albert
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL, 33407, USA
| | - Alex C Keene
- College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Erik R Duboué
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL, 33407, USA.
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3
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Adedara IA, Souza TP, Canzian J, Olabiyi AA, Borba JV, Biasuz E, Sabadin GR, Gonçalves FL, Costa FV, Schetinger MRC, Farombi EO, Rosemberg DB. Induction of aggression and anxiety-like responses by perfluorooctanoic acid is accompanied by modulation of cholinergic- and purinergic signaling-related parameters in adult zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113635. [PMID: 35605321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a contaminant of global concern owing to its prevalent occurrence in aquatic and terrestrial environments with potential hazardous impact on living organisms. Here, we investigated the influence of realistic environmental concentrations of PFOA (0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/L) on relevant behaviors of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) (e.g., exploration to novelty, social preference, and aggression) and the possible role of PFOA in modulating cholinergic and purinergic signaling in the brain after exposure for 7 consecutive days. PFOA significantly increased geotaxis as well as reduced vertical exploration (a behavioral endpoint for anxiety), and increased the frequency and duration of aggressive episodes without affecting their social preference. Exposure to PFOA did not affect ADP hydrolysis, whereas ATP and AMP hydrolysis were significantly increased at the highest concentration tested. However, AChE activity was markedly decreased in all PFOA-exposed groups when compared with control. In conclusion, PFOA induces aggression and anxiety-like behavior in adult zebrafish and modulates both cholinergic and purinergic signaling biomarkers. These novel data can provide valuable insights into possible health threats related to human activities, demonstrating the utility of adult zebrafish to elucidate how PFOA affects neurobehavioral responses in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Thiele P Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Canzian
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ayodeji A Olabiyi
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Functional Food and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - João V Borba
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Biasuz
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Giovana R Sabadin
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Falco L Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiano V Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria R C Schetinger
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA.
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Yoon H, Kim HC, Kim J, You K, Cho Y, Kim S. Toxicity impact of hydrogen peroxide on the fate of zebrafish and antibiotic resistant bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114072. [PMID: 34781050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is applied in various environments. It could be present at concentrations ranging from nanomolar to micromolar in a water system. It is produced through pollutants and natural activities. Since few studies have been conducted about the impact of naturally produced H2O2 on aquatic organisms, the objective of the present study was to monitor changes in responses of aquatic model organisms such as zebrafish and antibiotic-resistant bacteria to different exogenous H2O2 exposure. Increases in exposure concentration and time induced decreases in the perception of zebrafish larvae (up to 69%) and movement of adult zebrafish (average speed, average acceleration, movement distance, and activity time) compared to the control (non-exposed group). In addition, as a function of H2O2 exposure concentration (0-100,000 nM) and time, up to 20-fold increase (p = 5.00*10-6) of lipid peroxidation compared to control was observed. For microorganisms, biofilm, an indirect indicator of resistance to external stressors, was increased up to 68% and gene transfer was increased (p = 2.00*10-6) by more than 30% after H2O2 exposure. These results imply that naturally generated H2O2 could adversely affect aquatic environment organisms and public health. Thus, more careful attention is needed for H2O2 production in an aquatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojik Yoon
- Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongrack Kim
- UnU Inc., Samsung IT Valley, 27 Digital-ro 33-gil, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08380, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangtae You
- UnU Inc., Samsung IT Valley, 27 Digital-ro 33-gil, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08380, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunchul Cho
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Tao Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Jiao Y, Qu J, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Effects of common environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals on zebrafish behavior. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117826. [PMID: 34785404 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a type of exogenous organic pollutants, are ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments. Therefor, this review focused on the use of the zebrafish as a model to explore the effect of different EDCs on behavior, as well as the molecular mechanisms that drive these effects. Furthermore, our study summarizes the current knowledge on the neuromodulatory effects of different EDCs in zebrafish. This study also reviews the current state of zebrafish behavior research, in addition to the potential mechanisms of single and mixed pollutant-driven behavioral dysregulation at the molecular level, as well as the applications of zebrafish behavior experiments for neuroscience research. This review broadens our understanding of the influence of EDCs on zebrafish behavior and provides guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zixu Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yaqi Jiao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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6
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Clayman CL, Connaughton VP. Neurochemical and Behavioral Consequences of Ethanol and/or Caffeine Exposure: Effects in Zebrafish and Rodents. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:560-578. [PMID: 34766897 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211111142027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are increasingly being utilized to model the behavioral and neurochemical effects of pharmaceuticals and, more recently, pharmaceutical interactions. Zebrafish models of stress establish that both caffeine and ethanol influence anxiety, though few studies have implemented co-administration to assess the interaction of anxiety and reward-seeking. Caffeine exposure in zebrafish is teratogenic, causing developmental abnormalities in the cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and nervous systems of embryos and larvae. Ethanol is also a teratogen and, as an anxiolytic substance, may be able to offset the anxiogenic effects of caffeine. Co-exposure to caffeine and alcohol impacts neuroanatomy and behavior in adolescent animal models, suggesting stimulant substances may moderate the impact of alcohol on neural circuit development. Here, we review the literature describing neuropharmacological and behavioral consequences of caffeine and/or alcohol exposure in the zebrafish model, focusing on neurochemistry, locomotor effects, and behavioral assessments of stress/anxiety as reported in adolescent/juvenile and adult animals. The purpose of this review is twofold: (1) describe the work in zebrafish documenting the effects of ethanol and/or caffeine exposure and (2) compare these zebrafish studies with comparable experiments in rodents. We focus on specific neurochemical pathways (dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, GABA, adenosine), anxiety-type behaviors (assessed with novel tank, thigmotaxis, shoaling), and locomotor changes resulting from both individual and co-exposure. We compare findings in zebrafish with those in rodent models, revealing similarities across species and identifying conservation of mechanisms that potentially reinforce co-addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly L Clayman
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States
| | - Victoria P Connaughton
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States
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7
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Ryu B, Je JG, Jeon YJ, Yang HW. Zebrafish Model for Studying Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy and Preventive Effect of Maca ( Lepidium meyenii). Cells 2021; 10:cells10112879. [PMID: 34831102 PMCID: PMC8616435 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of myofibers during muscle atrophy affects functional capacity and quality of life. Dexamethasone, an inducer of rapid atrophy of skeletal myofibers, has been studied as a glucocorticoid receptor in muscle atrophy or motor neurodegeneration. In this study, we examined dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy using zebrafish (Danio rerio), a vertebrate model, and assessed whether administration of Lepidium meyenii (maca) as a dietary supplement can prevent muscle atrophy. Changes in skeletal myofibers in zebrafish were evaluated after exposure to dexamethasone for different periods and at different concentrations. Under optimized conditions, zebrafish pre-fed with maca for 3 days were exposed to 0.01% dexamethasone for 1 h/day for 7 days. Thereafter, myofiber loss, damaged muscle contractile proteins, and abnormal exploratory behavior due to the structural and functional impairment of skeletal muscle associated with muscle atrophy were investigated using hematoxylin-eosin, immunofluorescence staining, and behavioral analyses. Our findings suggest that dexamethasone induces muscle atrophy in zebrafish, inhibiting exploratory behavior by inducing myofiber loss, inhibiting muscle contraction, and causing changes in endurance and velocity. Thus, the zebrafish model can be used to screen pharmaceutical agents and to study muscle atrophy. Furthermore, maca is a potential dietary supplement to prevent muscle atrophy, as it protects muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (B.R.); (J.-G.J.)
- Healthy Seafood Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (B.R.); (J.-G.J.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (B.R.); (J.-G.J.)
- Healthy Seafood Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.J.); (H.-W.Y.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3475 (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Hye-Won Yang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (B.R.); (J.-G.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.J.); (H.-W.Y.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3475 (Y.-J.J.)
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Eachus H, Choi MK, Ryu S. The Effects of Early Life Stress on the Brain and Behaviour: Insights From Zebrafish Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:657591. [PMID: 34368117 PMCID: PMC8335398 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The early life period represents a window of increased vulnerability to stress, during which exposure can lead to long-lasting effects on brain structure and function. This stress-induced developmental programming may contribute to the behavioural changes observed in mental illness. In recent decades, rodent studies have significantly advanced our understanding of how early life stress (ELS) affects brain development and behaviour. These studies reveal that ELS has long-term consequences on the brain such as impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, altering learning and memory. Despite such advances, several key questions remain inadequately answered, including a comprehensive overview of brain regions and molecular pathways that are altered by ELS and how ELS-induced molecular changes ultimately lead to behavioural changes in adulthood. The zebrafish represents a novel ELS model, with the potential to contribute to answering some of these questions. The zebrafish offers some important advantages such as the ability to non-invasively modulate stress hormone levels in a whole animal and to visualise whole brain activity in freely behaving animals. This review discusses the current status of the zebrafish ELS field and its potential as a new ELS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Eachus
- Living Systems Institute and College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Min-Kyeung Choi
- Living Systems Institute and College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Soojin Ryu
- Living Systems Institute and College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Matsuda K, Yoshida D, Watanabe K, Yokobori E, Konno N, Nakamachi T. Effect of intracerebroventricular administration of two molecular forms of sulfated CCK octapeptide on anxiety-like behavior in the zebrafish danio rerio. Peptides 2020; 130:170330. [PMID: 32445877 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin octapeptide with sulfate (CCK-8s) regulates feeding behavior and psychomotor activity. In rodents and goldfish, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of CCK-8s decreases food intake and also induces anxiety-like behavior. The zebrafish has several merits for investigating the psychophysiological roles of neuropeptides. However, little is known about the brain localization of CCK and the behavioral action of CCK-8s in this species. Here we investigated the brain localization of CCK-like immunoreactivity and found that it was distributed throughout the brain. As CCK-like immunoreactivity was particularly evident in the ventral habenular nucleus, the interpeduncular nucleus and superior raphe, we subsequently examined the effect of zebrafish (zf) CCK-8s on psychomotor control. Since the zebrafish possesses two molecular forms of zfCCK-8s (zfCCKA-8s and zfCCKB-8s), two synthetic peptides were administered intracerebroventricularly at 1, 5 and 10 pmol g-1 body weight (BW). As the zebrafish shows a greater preference for the lower area of a tank than for to the upper area, we used this preference for assessment of anxiety-like behavior. ICV administration of zfCCKA-8 s or zfCCKB-8s at 10 pmol g-1 BW significantly shortened the time spent in the upper area. The actions of these peptides mimicked that of the central-type benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist FG-7142 (an anxiogenic agent) at 10 pmol g-1 BW. The anxiogenic-like action of the two peptides was attenuated by treatment with the CCK receptor antagonist proglumide at 200 pmol g-1 BW. These results indicate that zfCCKA-8s and zfCCKB-8s potently induce anxiety-like behavior via the CCK receptor-signaling pathway in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Matsuda
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Yoshida
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Watanabe
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Eri Yokobori
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Norifumi Konno
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamachi
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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Wei P, Zhao F, Zhang X, Ru S. Long-term exposure of zebrafish to bisphenol S impairs stress function of hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis and causes anxiety-like behavioral responses to novelty. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137092. [PMID: 32044495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS), a main substitute of bisphenol A, has been reported to induce multiple endocrine disrupting effects on animals, however, whether it can interfere with the corticosteroid-endocrine system still remains unknown. Furthermore, previous studies mainly investigated the influences of environmental pollutants on corticosteroid levels and gene expressions of hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal/adrenal (HPI/A) axis, while the downstream toxic effects caused thereafter have not yet been fully elucidated. Considering the key role of cortisol, a primary corticosteroid hormone in teleost, in mediating stress adaptation and the highly positive correlation between cortisol level and anxious phenotype in the novel environment, we hypothesized that an imbalanced cortisol homeostasis due to environmental pollutant exposure may further affect the behavioral responses to novelty stress. In the present study, zebrafish, a valuable model in studying human stress physiology and anxiety behavior, were exposed to BPS from embryos to adults (120 days) at environmentally relevant concentrations (1 and 10 μg/L) and 100 μg/L. Results found that long-term exposure to BPS increased whole-body cortisol levels and caused abnormal expressions of HPI axis genes. Moreover, the excessive cortisol levels may be due to the inhibition of cortisol catabolism and excretion, as evidenced by the down-regulated expressions of hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 and hydroxysteroid 20-beta dehydrogenase 2 genes. More importantly, as we speculated, excessive cortisol levels may be responsible for the occurrence of anxiety-like behavioral responses indicated by longer latency, fewer time spent in the upper half, and more erratic movements in a 6-min novel tank test. Overall, our study provides basic data for the comprehensive understanding of BPS toxicity, and emphasizes environmental health risks of BPS in inducing anxiety syndrome at environmentally realistic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Wei
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, Shandong province, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China.
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Islam R, Prater CM, Harris BN, Carr JA. Neuroendocrine modulation of predator avoidance/prey capture tradeoffs: Role of tectal NPY2R receptors. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 282:113214. [PMID: 31271760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The optic tectum rapidly inhibits food intake when a visual threat is present. Anatomical and electrophysiological evidence support a role for neuropeptide Y (NPY), originating from cells in the thalamus, in the tectal inhibition of prey capture. Here we test the hypothesis that tectal NPY receptor type 2 (NPY2R) influences prey-capture and predator-avoidance responses in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. We tested two questions: 1) Does tectal NPY administration decrease food intake and alter prey-capture behavior? 2) Does tectal administration of a NPY2R antagonist increase food intake, alter prey-capture behavior, and alter predator avoidance behavior? NPY microinjected bilaterally into the tecta failed to significantly alter food intake at any dose tested, although predator presence significantly reduced food intake. However, NPY differentially altered discrete components of prey capture including increasing the latency to contact food and reducing the amount of time in contact with food. These effects were blocked by the NPY2R antagonist BIIE0246. Additionally, BIIE0246 elevated food intake on its own after bilateral tectal microinjection. Furthermore, BIIE0246 reversed the reduction of food intake caused by exposure to a predator. Overall, these findings indicate that tectal NPY2R activation causes frogs to consume food more quickly, which may be adaptive in predator-rich environments. Blocking tectal NPY2R increases baseline food intake and reduces or eliminates predator-induced changes in prey capture and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranakul Islam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, United States
| | | | - Breanna N Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, United States
| | - James A Carr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, United States.
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12
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Araishi K, Watanabe K, Yamazaki T, Nakamachi T, Matsuda K. Intracerebroventricular administration of arginine vasotocin (AVT) induces anorexigenesis and anxiety-like behavior in goldfish. Peptides 2019; 119:170118. [PMID: 31279654 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasotocin (AVT) is known as a neurohypophyseal hormone that regulates water- and mineral-balance in non-mammalian vertebrates. Recent studies revealed that AVT also exerts central effects on behavior. The goldfish has several merits for evaluation of behavioral changes. However, there is few information on the behavioral action of AVT in this species. Here we examined the effects of AVT on food intake and psychomotor activity. AVT was administered intracerebroventricularly at 1, 5 and 10 pmol g-1 body weight (BW). Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of AVT at 5 and 10 pmol g-1 BW significantly decreased food intake during 30 min after injection and recovery from anesthesia. The AVT-induced anorexigenic action was attenuated by treatment with the AVT receptor V1aR antagonist Manning compound (MC) at 50 pmol g-1 BW. As the goldfish tends to prefer the lower to the upper area of a tank, we used this preference behavior for assessing psychomotor activity during a 30-min observation period. ICV administration of AVT at 1, 5 and 10 pmol g-1 BW significantly prolonged the time spent in the lower area, but did not affect locomotor activity in the tank at any dose. The action of AVT was similar to that of the central-type benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist FG-7142 at 10 pmol g-1 BW. AVT-induced anxiety-like behavior was blocked by treatment with MC at 50 pmol g-1 BW. These results indicate that AVT affects food intake and psychophysiological status, and also induces anorexigenic- and anxiogenic-like actions via the V1aR-signaling pathway in the goldfish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Araishi
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Watanabe
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamachi
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kouhei Matsuda
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
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13
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Kumari Y, Choo BKM, Shaikh MF, Othman I. Melatonin receptor agonist Piper betle L. ameliorates dexamethasone-induced early life stress in adult zebrafish. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1407-1416. [PMID: 31363378 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life exposure to stress has been suggested to be a crucial factor for the development of the brain and its functions. It is well documented that childhood stress is a risk factor for sleep problems in adulthood. Piper betle L. leaf extract (PB) has been used in several traditional medicines to cure various ailments. Recently, PB has been proved to have antidepressant activity. The literature suggests that antidepressants affect the synthesis and release of melatonin through several mechanisms. Thus, this study investigated the potential role of PB for the treatment of sleep disruption after early life stress exposure. Firstly, dexamethasone (DEX) (2 and 20 mg/l for 24 h) was administered to zebrafish larvae on the 4th day post-fertilization (dpf) to induce early life stress. The effects of stress on behaviour during adulthood, melatonin level and stress-related gene expression (nfkb) in the brain were then studied. Next, the possible role of PB (10 and 30 mg/Kg) was studied by measuring its effect on behaviour and by quantifying the expression levels of several melatonin-related (MT1, MT2, aanat1, aanat2) and stress-related (nfkb) genes by qPCR. DEX-treated zebrafish exhibited anxious behaviour, along with a lower level of melatonin and a higher mRNA expression of nfkb. After treatment with PB, a similar effect on behaviour and gene expression levels as the melatonin treatment group (10 mg/kg; positive control) was seen in adult zebrafish. These molecular confirmations of the observed behavioural effects of the PB indicate a possible role in the treatment of early life stress-induced sleep disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatinesh Kumari
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Brandon Kar Meng Choo
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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14
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Iinuma N, Shibata H, Yoshida D, Konno N, Nakamachi T, Matsuda K. Intracerebroventricular administration of sulphated cholecystokinin octapeptide induces anxiety-like behaviour in goldfish. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12667. [PMID: 30521069 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sulphated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8s) is involved in feeding regulation as an anorexigenic neuropeptide in vertebrates. In rodents, i.c.v. administration of CCK-8s has been shown to affect not only feeding behaviour, but also psychomotor activity. However, there is still no information available concerning the psychophysiological effects of CCK-8s in goldfish. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effect of synthetic goldfish (gf) CCK-8s on psychomotor activity in this species. Intracerebroventricular administration of gfCCK-8s at 0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 pmol g-1 body weight (BW) did not affect swimming distance (locomotor activity). Because goldfish prefer the lower to the upper area of a tank, we used this as a preference test (upper/lower test) to assess anxiety-like behaviour. Intracerebroventricular administration of gfCCK-8s at 2.5 pmol g-1 BW shortened the time spent in the upper area. The action of gfCCK-8s mimicked that of FG-7142 (the central-type benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist, an anxiogenic agent) at 5 and 10 pmol g-1 BW. The anxiogenic-like effect of gfCCK-8s was abolished by treatment with the CCK receptor antagonist proglumide at 50 pmol g-1 BW. We also investigated the localisation of CCK/gastrin-like immunoreactivity in the goldfish brain. CCK/gastrin-like immunoreactivity was observed in the anxiety-related regions (the nucleus habenularis and the interpeduncular nucleus). These data indicate that gfCCK-8s potently affects psychomotor activity in goldfish, and exerts an anxiogenic-like effect via the CCK receptor-signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Iinuma
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Haruki Shibata
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshida
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Norifumi Konno
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamachi
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kouhei Matsuda
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Khan N, Mahajan NK, Sinha P, Jayandharan GR. An efficient method to generate xenograft tumor models of acute myeloid leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma in adult zebrafish. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018; 75:48-55. [PMID: 30616104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is emerging as a promising model for the study of human cancers. Several xenograft models of zebrafish have been developed, particularly in larval stages (<48 h post fertilization) when the immune system of fish is not developed. However, xenografting in adult zebrafish requires laborious and transient methods of immune suppression (γ- irradiation or dexamethasone) that limits engraftment and survival of the tumor or fail to recapitulate specific characteristics of malignancies. Thus, the availability of a simple protocol to successfully engraft adult zebrafish, remains a challenge. The current study addresses this limitation and describes a robust method of xenografting in adult zebrafish. We describe a protocol that involves pre-conditioning of Casper, a pigmentation mutant of zebrafish with busulfan that led to a higher rate of engraftment of hepatocellular carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia cells. To further ascertain the homing characteristics of the injected cancer cells, we transplanted adult zebrafish by two routes of administration and then studied their compartmentalization. This model presents a valuable alternative to rodents to study the biology of these cancers and also a cost-effective platform for evaluation of potential anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Mahajan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Pradip Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Giridhara R Jayandharan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP, India.
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16
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Evaluation of the rewarding properties of nicotine and caffeine by implementation of a five-choice conditioned place preference task in zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:160-172. [PMID: 29481898 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rewarding properties of drugs in zebrafish can be studied using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Most devices that have been used for CPP consist of two-half tanks with or without a central chamber. Here we evaluated the rewarding effects of nicotine and caffeine using a tank with five arms distributed radially from a central chamber that we have denoted Fish Tank Radial Maze (FTRM). Zebrafish were trained to associate nicotine or caffeine with a coloured arm. In testing sessions to assess CPP induction, between two and five different arms were available to explore. We found that when offering the two arms, one of them associated to the drug mediating conditioning for 14 days, zebrafish showed nicotine-induced CPP but not caffeine-induced CPP. When zebrafish had the option to explore drug-paired arms together with new coloured arms as putative distractors, the nicotine-CPP strength was maintained for at least three days. The presence of novel environments induced caffeine-CPP, which was still positive after three days of testing sessions. Complementary behavioural data supported these findings. Nicotine-CPP was prevented by the histone deacetylase inhibitor phenylbutyrate administered during conditioning; however, there were no effects on caffeine-CPP. The specific acetylation of lysine 9 in histone 3 (H3-K9) was increased in nicotine-conditioned zebrafish brains. This study suggests that novel environmental cues facilitate drug-environment associations, and hence, the use of drugs of abuse.
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Wadhwa M, Chauhan G, Roy K, Sahu S, Deep S, Jain V, Kishore K, Ray K, Thakur L, Panjwani U. Caffeine and Modafinil Ameliorate the Neuroinflammation and Anxious Behavior in Rats during Sleep Deprivation by Inhibiting the Microglia Activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:49. [PMID: 29599709 PMCID: PMC5863523 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) plagues modern society due to the professional demands. It prevails in patients with mood and neuroinflammatory disorders. Although growing evidence suggests the improvement in the cognitive performance by psychostimulants during sleep-deprived conditions, the impending involved mechanism is rarely studied. Thus, we hypothesized that mood and inflammatory changes might be due to the glial cells activation induced modulation of the inflammatory cytokines during SD, which could be improved by administering psychostimulants. The present study evaluated the role of caffeine/modafinil on SD-induced behavioral and inflammatory consequences. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were sleep deprived for 48 h using automated SD apparatus. Caffeine (60 mg/kg/day) or modafinil (100 mg/kg/day) were administered orally to rats once every day during SD. Rats were subjected to anxious and depressive behavioral evaluation after SD. Subsequently, blood and brain were collected for biochemical, immunohistochemical and molecular studies. Results: Sleep deprived rats presented an increased number of entries and time spent in closed arms in elevated plus maze test and decreased total distance traveled in the open field (OF) test. Caffeine/modafinil treatment significantly improved these anxious consequences. However, we did not observe substantial changes in immobility and anhedonia in sleep-deprived rats. Caffeine/modafinil significantly down-regulated the pro- and up-regulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus during SD. Similar outcomes were observed in blood plasma cytokine levels. Caffeine/modafinil treatment significantly decreased the microglial immunoreactivity in DG, CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus during SD, however, no significant increase in immunoreactivity of astrocytes was observed. Sholl analysis signified the improvement in the morphological alterations of astrocytes and microglia after caffeine/modafinil administration during SD. Stereological analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in the number of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule I (Iba-1) positive cells (different states) in different regions of the hippocampus after caffeine or modafinil treatment during SD without showing any significant change in total microglial cell number. Eventually, the correlation analysis displayed a positive relationship between anxiety, pro-inflammatory cytokines and activated microglial cell count during SD. Conclusion: The present study suggests the role of caffeine or modafinil in the amelioration of SD-induced inflammatory response and anxious behavior in rats. Highlights - SD induced mood alterations in rats. - Glial cells activated in association with the changes in the inflammatory cytokines. - Caffeine or modafinil improved the mood and restored inflammatory changes during SD. - SD-induced anxious behavior correlated with the inflammatory consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meetu Wadhwa
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Chauhan
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India
| | - Koustav Roy
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India
| | - Surajit Sahu
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India
| | - Satyanarayan Deep
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Jain
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India
| | - Krishna Kishore
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India
| | - Koushik Ray
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India
| | - Lalan Thakur
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India
| | - Usha Panjwani
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India
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18
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Bal-Price A, Hogberg HT, Crofton KM, Daneshian M, FitzGerald RE, Fritsche E, Heinonen T, Hougaard Bennekou S, Klima S, Piersma AH, Sachana M, Shafer TJ, Terron A, Monnet-Tschudi F, Viviani B, Waldmann T, Westerink RHS, Wilks MF, Witters H, Zurich MG, Leist M. Recommendation on test readiness criteria for new approach methods in toxicology: Exemplified for developmental neurotoxicity. ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2018; 35:306-352. [PMID: 29485663 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1712081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple non-animal-based test methods have never been formally validated. In order to use such new approach methods (NAMs) in a regulatory context, criteria to define their readiness are necessary. The field of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing is used to exemplify the application of readiness criteria. The costs and number of untested chemicals are overwhelming for in vivo DNT testing. Thus, there is a need for inexpensive, high-throughput NAMs, to obtain initial information on potential hazards, and to allow prioritization for further testing. A background on the regulatory and scientific status of DNT testing is provided showing different types of test readiness levels, depending on the intended use of data from NAMs. Readiness criteria, compiled during a stakeholder workshop, uniting scientists from academia, industry and regulatory authorities are presented. An important step beyond the listing of criteria, was the suggestion for a preliminary scoring scheme. On this basis a (semi)-quantitative analysis process was assembled on test readiness of 17 NAMs with respect to various uses (e.g. prioritization/screening, risk assessment). The scoring results suggest that several assays are currently at high readiness levels. Therefore, suggestions are made on how DNT NAMs may be assembled into an integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA). In parallel, the testing state in these assays was compiled for more than 1000 compounds. Finally, a vision is presented on how further NAM development may be guided by knowledge of signaling pathways necessary for brain development, DNT pathophysiology, and relevant adverse outcome pathways (AOP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (EC JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Helena T Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M Crofton
- National Centre for Computational Toxicology, US EPA, RTP, Washington, NC, USA
| | - Mardas Daneshian
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rex E FitzGerald
- Swiss Centre for Human Applied Toxicology, SCAHT, University of Basle, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine & Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tuula Heinonen
- Finnish Centre for Alternative Methods (FICAM), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Stefanie Klima
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, and Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalini Sachana
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- National Centre for Computational Toxicology, US EPA, RTP, Washington, NC, USA
| | | | - Florianne Monnet-Tschudi
- Swiss Centre for Human Applied Toxicology, SCAHT, University of Basle, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Viviani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Tanja Waldmann
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin F Wilks
- Swiss Centre for Human Applied Toxicology, SCAHT, University of Basle, Switzerland
| | - Hilda Witters
- VITO, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Mol, Belgium
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Swiss Centre for Human Applied Toxicology, SCAHT, University of Basle, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Leist
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Cruz FF, Leite CE, Kist LW, de Oliveira GM, Bogo MR, Bonan CD, Campos MM, Morrone FB. Effects of caffeine on behavioral and inflammatory changes elicited by copper in zebrafish larvae: Role of adenosine receptors. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 194:28-36. [PMID: 28163255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of caffeine in the behavioral and inflammatory alterations caused by copper in zebrafish larvae, attempting to correlate these changes with the modulation of adenosine receptors. To perform a survival curve, 7dpf larvae were exposed to 10μM CuSO4, combined to different concentrations of caffeine (100μM, 500μM and 1mM) for up to 24h. The treatment with copper showed lower survival rates only when combined with 500μM and 1mM of caffeine. We selected 4 and 24h as treatment time-points. The behavior evaluation was done by analyzing the traveled distance, the number of entries in the center, and the length of permanence in the center and the periphery of the well. The exposure to 10μM CuSO4 plus 500μM caffeine at 4 and 24h changed the behavioral parameters. To study the inflammatory effects of caffeine, we assessed the PGE2 levels by using UHPLC-MS/MS, and TNF, COX-2, IL-6 and IL-10 gene expression by RT-qPCR. The expression of adenosine receptors was also evaluated with RT-qPCR. When combined to copper, caffeine altered inflammatory markers depending on the time of exposure. Adenosine receptors expression was significantly increased, especially after 4h exposure to copper and caffeine together or separately. Our results demonstrated that caffeine enhances the inflammation induced by copper by decreasing animal survival, altering inflammatory markers and promoting behavioral changes in zebrafish larvae. We also conclude that alterations in adenosine receptors are related to those effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fernandes Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6690, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Partenon, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Leite
- Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Wilges Kist
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6690, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Genômica e Biologia Molecular, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Medeiros de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6690, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Genômica e Biologia Molecular, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Genômica e Biologia Molecular, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Campos
- Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Odontologia, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bueno Morrone
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6690, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Partenon, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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21
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Wilson KS, Tucker CS, Al-Dujaili EAS, Holmes MC, Hadoke PWF, Kenyon CJ, Denvir MA. Early-life glucocorticoids programme behaviour and metabolism in adulthood in zebrafish. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:125-42. [PMID: 27390302 PMCID: PMC5064771 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) in utero influence embryonic development with consequent programmed effects on adult physiology and pathophysiology and altered susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. However, in viviparous species, studies of these processes are compromised by secondary maternal influences. The zebrafish, being fertilised externally, avoids this problem and has been used here to investigate the effects of transient alterations in GC activity during early development. Embryonic fish were treated either with dexamethasone (a synthetic GC), an antisense GC receptor (GR) morpholino (GR Mo), or hypoxia for the first 120h post fertilisation (hpf); responses were measured during embryonic treatment or later, post treatment, in adults. All treatments reduced cortisol levels in embryonic fish to similar levels. However, morpholino- and hypoxia-treated embryos showed delayed physical development (slower hatching and straightening of head-trunk angle, shorter body length), less locomotor activity, reduced tactile responses and anxiogenic activity. In contrast, dexamethasone-treated embryos showed advanced development and thigmotaxis but no change in locomotor activity or tactile responses. Gene expression changes were consistent with increased (dexamethasone) and decreased (hypoxia, GR Mo) GC activity. In adults, stressed cortisol values were increased with dexamethasone and decreased by GR Mo and hypoxia pre-treatments. Other responses were similarly differentially affected. In three separate tests of behaviour, dexamethasone-programmed fish appeared 'bolder' than matched controls, whereas Mo and hypoxia pre-treated fish were unaffected or more reserved. Similarly, the dexamethasone group but not the Mo or hypoxia groups were heavier, longer and had a greater girth than controls. Hyperglycaemia and expression of GC responsive gene (pepck) were also increased in the dexamethasone group. We conclude that GC activity controls many aspects of early-life growth and development in the zebrafish and that, like other species, manipulating GC status pharmacologically, physiologically or genetically in early life leads to programmable metabolic and behavioural traits in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Wilson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C S Tucker
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E A S Al-Dujaili
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M C Holmes
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P W F Hadoke
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C J Kenyon
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M A Denvir
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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22
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McNeil PL, Nebot C, Sloman KA. Physiological and Behavioral Effects of Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Prednisolone During Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5294-304. [PMID: 27120978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of synthetic glucocorticoids within the aquatic environment has been highlighted as a potential environmental concern as they may mimic the role of endogenous glucocorticoids during vertebrate ontogeny. Prednisolone is a commonly prescribed synthetic glucocorticoid which has been repeatedly detected in the environment. This study investigated the impact of environmentally relevant concentrations of prednisolone (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L) during zebrafish embryogenesis using physiological and behavioral end points which are known to be mediated by endogenous glucocorticoids. The frequency of spontaneous muscle contractions (24 hpf) was significantly reduced by prednisolone and 0.1 μg/L increased the distance embryos swam in response to a mechanosensory stimulus (48 hpf). The percentage of embryos hatched significantly increased following prednisolone treatment (1 and 10 μg/L), while growth and mortality were unaffected. The onset of heart contraction was differentially affected by prednisolone while heart rate and oxygen consumption both increased significantly throughout embryogenesis. No substantial effect on the axial musculature was observed. Morphological changes to the lower jaw were detected at 96 hpf in response to 1 μg/L of prednisolone. Several parameters of swim behavior were also significantly affected. Environmentally relevant concentrations of prednisolone therefore alter early zebrafish ontogeny and significantly affect embryo behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L McNeil
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland , Paisley, U.K
| | - Carolina Nebot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela , Lugo, Spain
| | - Katherine A Sloman
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland , Paisley, U.K
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23
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Khor YM, Soga T, Parhar IS. Early-life stress changes expression of GnRH and kisspeptin genes and DNA methylation of GnRH3 promoter in the adult zebrafish brain. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 227:84-93. [PMID: 26686318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Early-life stress can cause long-term effects in the adulthood such as alterations in behaviour, brain functions and reproduction. DNA methylation is a mechanism of epigenetic change caused by early-life stress. Dexamethasone (DEX) was administered to zebrafish larvae to study its effect on reproductive dysfunction. The level of GnRH2, GnRH3, Kiss1 and Kiss2 mRNAs were measured between different doses of DEX treatment groups in adult zebrafish. Kiss1 and GnRH2 expression were increased in the 200mg/L DEX treated while Kiss2 and GnRH3 mRNA levels were up-regulated in the 2mg/L DEX-treated zebrafish. The up-regulation may be related to programming effect of DEX in the zebrafish larvae, causing overcompensation mechanism to increase the mRNA levels. Furthermore, DEX treatment caused negative impact on the development and maturation of the testes, in particular spermatogenesis. Therefore, immature gonadal development may cause positive feedback by increasing GnRH and Kiss. This indicates that DEX can alter the regulation of GnRH2, GnRH3, Kiss1 and Kiss2 in adult zebrafish, which affects maturation of gonads. Computer analysis of 1.5 kb region upstream of the 5' UTR of Kiss1, Kiss2, GnRH2 and GnRH3 promoter showed that there are putative binding sites of glucocorticoid response element and transcription factors involved in stress response. GnRH3 promoter analysed from pre-optic area, ventral telencephalon and ventral olfactory bulb showed higher methylation at CpG residues located on -1410, -1377 and -1355 between control and 2mg/L DEX-treated groups. Hence, early-life DEX treatment can alter methylation of GnRH3 gene promoter, which subsequently affects gene regulation and reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Min Khor
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia.
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia
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24
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Kennedy AE, Grimes LM, Labaton RS, Hine JF, Warzak WJ. A Methodological Discussion of Caffeine Research and Animal Avoidance Behavior. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2015; 5:176-186. [PMID: 26649253 DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2015.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We present a review of the methodological aspects of caffeine research within animal tests of escape and avoidance behavior in the presence of aversive stimuli. Method: We highlight species, methods of caffeine administration, dosage, dependent measures, and research designs commonly used in this research. Results: Typical subjects were rodents and zebrafish, with species-specific vehicles of caffeine administration and dependent measures. Behavioral tests for escape and avoidance as a function of caffeine consumption were conceptually similar across species, although the arrangement of measures was necessarily adapted to the physiological contingencies of the different species. Discussion and Conclusions: Caffeine administration preceding the presentation of aversive stimuli generally, but not exclusively, enhanced the effect of escape and avoidance of aversive stimuli. The many commonalities in methods and results across species suggest similar methods may be relevant to human subjects as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Kennedy
- Department of Psychology, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - L Michelle Grimes
- Department of Psychology, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Rachel S Labaton
- Department of Psychology, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jeffrey F Hine
- Department of Psychology, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - William J Warzak
- Department of Psychology, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
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25
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Fonseka TM, Wen XY, Foster JA, Kennedy SH. Zebrafish models of major depressive disorders. J Neurosci Res 2015; 94:3-14. [PMID: 26452974 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a model species for translational research in various neuroscience areas, including depressive disorders. Because of their physiological (neuroanatomical, neuroendocrine, neurochemical) and genetic homology to mammals, robust phenotypes, and value in high-throughput genetic and chemical genetic screens, zebrafish are ideal for developing valid experimental models of major depression and discovering novel therapeutics. Behavioral testing approaches, such as approach-avoidance, cognitive, and social paradigms, are available in zebrafish and have utility in identifying depression-like indices in zebrafish in response to physiological, genetic, environmental, and/or psychopharmacological alterations. In addition, the high sensitivity of zebrafish to commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs supports the use of this model as an invaluable tool for pharmacological research and drug screening. This Review outlines the benefits of using the zebrafish model for depression studies and summarizes the current research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trehani M Fonseka
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiao-Yan Wen
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane A Foster
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Goodson NB, Brockhoff BL, Huston JP, Spieler RE. Time-dependent bidirectional effects of chronic caffeine on functional recovery of the dorsal light reflex after hemilabyrinthectomy in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Neuroscience 2015; 292:112-7. [PMID: 25727640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine works through a variety of complex mechanisms to exert an often bidirectional set of functional and structural neurological changes in vertebrates. We investigated the effects of chronic caffeine exposure on functional recovery of the dorsal light reflex (DLR) in hemilabyrinthectomized common goldfish, Carassius auratus. In this lesion model, the unilateral removal of the vestibular organs results in a temporary loss of gravitationally modulated postural control which is quantifiable via the DLR. We compared the functional recovery over 24 days of post-surgery goldfish continuously held in a caffeine solution of 2.5mg/L (n=10), 5.0mg/L (n=10), 10.0mg/L (n=11), or 0.0mg/L control (n=9). Comparison to a sham surgery group (n=11) indicated statistically significant changes in the DLR of all hemilabyrinthectomized fish on day 1. The control group recovered over the study period and approached, but did not reach sham surgery DLR. Although the caffeine-treated fishes appeared to initiate some postural recovery within the first 2 weeks, beginning on day 10, all caffeine groups diverged from the control group with a deterioration of postural control. All three caffeine groups were significantly deficient in comparison with the control on days 10-24. These results suggest that caffeine exposure can at first be benign, but that high dosage or prolonged exposure hinders functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Goodson
- Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania, FL, USA
| | - B L Brockhoff
- Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania, FL, USA
| | - J P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - R E Spieler
- Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania, FL, USA.
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27
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Moriya S, Khel NB, Parhar IS. Cloning and serotonergic regulation of RING finger protein38 (rnf38) in the brain of medaka (Oryzias latipes). Neuroscience 2015; 294:109-15. [PMID: 25772790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a key regulator of mood and sexual behaviors. 5-HT reuptake inhibitors have been used as antidepressants. Really interesting new gene (RING) finger proteins have been associated with 5-HT regulation but their role remains largely unknown. Some RING finger proteins are involved in the serotonergic system, therefore, we speculate that the gene expression of RING finger protein38 (rnf38) is regulated by the serotonergic system. In the present study, we aimed to identify the full length sequence of medaka (Oryzias latipes) rnf38 mRNA and investigate its association with the serotonergic system using an antidepressant, citalopram (CIT). We identified the full length rnf38 cDNA, which consisted of 2726 nucleotides spanning 12 exons and the deduced protein sequence consisting of 518 amino acid residues including a RING finger domain, a KIT motif and a coiled-coil domain. Medaka exposed to 10(-7)M of CIT showed anxiety-like behavior. The expressions of 5-HT-related genes, pet1, solute carrier family 6, member 4A (slc6a4) and tryptophan hydroxylase (tph2) were significantly low (P<0.05) in the hindbrain. On the other hand, rnf38 gene was significantly high (P<0.05) in the telencephalon and the hypothalamus. This shows that 5-HT synthesis and transport in the hindbrain is suppressed by CIT, which induces rnf38 gene expression in the forebrain where 5-HT neurons project. Thus, the expression of rnf38 is negatively regulated by the serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moriya
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, PJ 46150, Malaysia.
| | - N B Khel
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, PJ 46150, Malaysia
| | - I S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, PJ 46150, Malaysia
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28
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Chiu GS, Darmody PT, Walsh JP, Moon ML, Kwakwa KA, Bray JK, McCusker RH, Freund GG. Adenosine through the A2A adenosine receptor increases IL-1β in the brain contributing to anxiety. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 41:218-31. [PMID: 24907587 PMCID: PMC4167209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the most commonly reported psychiatric conditions, but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Ailments associated with activation of the innate immune system, however, are increasingly linked to anxiety disorders. In adult male mice, we found that adenosine doubled caspase-1 activity in brain by a pathway reliant on ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, protein kinase A (PKA) and the A2A adenosine receptor (AR). In addition, adenosine-dependent activation of caspase-1 increased interleukin (IL)-1β in the brain by 2-fold. Peripheral administration of adenosine in wild-type (WT) mice led to a 2.3-fold increase in caspase-1 activity in the amygdala and to a 33% and 42% reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity and food intake, respectively, that were not observed in caspase-1 knockout (KO), IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) KO and A2A AR KO mice or in mice administered a caspase-1 inhibitor centrally. Finally, adenosine administration increased anxiety-like behaviors in WT mice by 28% in the open field test and by 55% in the elevated zero-maze. Caspase-1 KO mice, IL-1R1 KO mice, A2A AR KO mice and WT mice treated with the KATP channel blocker, glyburide, were resistant to adenosine-induced anxiety-like behaviors. Thus, our results indicate that adenosine can act as an anxiogenic by activating caspase-1 and increasing IL-1β in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Chiu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Patrick T Darmody
- Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Morgan L Moon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kristin A Kwakwa
- Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Julie K Bray
- Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Robert H McCusker
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gregory G Freund
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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29
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Nakamachi T, Shibata H, Sakashita A, Iinuma N, Wada K, Konno N, Matsuda K. Orexin A enhances locomotor activity and induces anxiogenic-like action in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Horm Behav 2014; 66:317-23. [PMID: 24937437 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Orexin acts as an orexigenic factor for the regulation of appetite and rhythmicity in rodents. In goldfish, intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of orexin A has been shown to affect not only food intake, but also locomotor activity. However, as there is still no information regarding the effect of orexin A on emotional behavior in goldfish, we investigated the effect of orexin A on psychomotor activity in this species. Intracerebroventricular administration of synthetic orexin A at 2 and 4pmol/g body weight (BW) enhanced locomotor activity, and this enhancement by orexin A at 4pmol/g BW was attenuated by treatment with the orexin receptor 1 antagonist, SB334867, at 10pmol/g BW. Since intact goldfish prefer a black to a white background area, or the lower to the upper area of a tank, we used two types of preference tests (black/white and upper/lower tests) for measuring anxiety-like behavior in goldfish. Intracerebroventricular administration of orexin A at 4pmol/g BW shortened the time spent in the white background area, and increased the time taken to move from the lower to the upper area. This action of orexin A mimicked that of the central-type benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist, FG-7142 (an anxiogenic agent), at 4pmol/g BW. The anxiogenic-like effect of orexin A was abolished by treatment with SB334867 at 10pmol/g BW. These results indicate that orexin A potently affects psychomotor activity in goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakamachi
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Haruki Shibata
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakashita
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Naoto Iinuma
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Wada
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Norifumi Konno
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kouhei Matsuda
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
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30
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Zebrafish as a model for investigating developmental lead (Pb) neurotoxicity as a risk factor in adult neurodegenerative disease: a mini-review. Neurotoxicology 2014; 43:57-64. [PMID: 24698670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure has long been recognized to cause neurological alterations in both adults and children. While most of the studies in adults are related to higher dose exposure, epidemiological studies indicate cognitive decline and neurobehavioral alterations in children associated with lower dose environmental Pb exposure (a blood Pb level of 10μg/dL and below). Recent animal studies also now report that an early-life Pb exposure results in pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease later in life. While previous studies evaluating higher Pb exposures in adult animal models and higher occupational Pb exposures in humans have suggested a link between higher dose Pb exposure during adulthood and neurodegenerative disease, these newer studies now indicate a link between an early-life Pb exposure and adult neurodegenerative disease. These studies are supporting the "fetal/developmental origin of adult disease" hypothesis and present a new challenge in our understanding of Pb neurotoxicity. There is a need to expand research in this area and additional model systems are needed. The zebrafish presents as a complementary vertebrate model system with numerous strengths including high genetic homology. Several zebrafish genes orthologous to human genes associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are identified and this model is starting to be applied in neurodegenerative disease research. Moreover, the zebrafish is being used in developmental Pb neurotoxicity studies to define genetic mechanisms of toxicity and associated neurobehavioral alterations. While these studies are in their infancy, the genetic and functional conservation of genes associated with neurodegenerative diseases and application in developmental Pb neurotoxicity studies supports the potential for this in vivo model to further investigate the link between developmental Pb exposure and adult neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. In this review, the major factors influencing the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, Pb neurotoxicity, the developmental origin of adult disease paradigm, and the zebrafish as a model system to investigate the developmental origin of low-dose Pb-induced neurodegenerative diseases is discussed.
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31
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Matsuda K, Hagiwara Y, Shibata H, Sakashita A, Wada K. Ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (oCRH) exerts an anxiogenic-like action in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 188:118-22. [PMID: 23321398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a member of the hypothalamic neuropeptide family that includes urocortins, urotensin I and sauvagine in vertebrates. CRH and urocortin act as anorexigenic factors for satiety regulation in rodents. In a goldfish model, intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of ovine CRH (oCRH) affects not only food intake, but also locomotor activity. However, there is no information regarding the psychophysiological roles of CRH in goldfish. Therefore, we investigated the effect of oCRH on psychomotor activity in this species. ICV administration of synthetic oCRH at 20 pmol/g body weight (BW) enhanced locomotor activity. Since intact goldfish prefer the lower to the upper area of a tank, we developed a method for measuring the time taken for fish to move from the lower to the upper area. ICV administration of oCRH at 20 pmol/g BW and the central-type benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist FG-7142 (an anxiogenic agent) at 1-4 pmol/g BW both increased the time taken to move from the lower to the upper area. This anxiogenic-like effect of oCRH was abolished by the CRH receptor antagonist α-helical CRH(9-41) (100 pmol/g BW). These results indicate that CRH can potently affect locomotor and psychomotor activities in goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Matsuda
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
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32
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Matsuda K. Regulation of feeding behavior and psychomotor activity by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in fish. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:91. [PMID: 23754974 PMCID: PMC3667241 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide belonging to a family of neuropeptides that includes urocortins, urotensin I, and sauvagine in vertebrates. CRH and urocortin act as anorexigenic factors for satiety regulation in fish. In a goldfish model, intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of CRH has been shown to affect not only food intake, but also locomotor and psychomotor activities. In particular, CRH elicits anxiety-like behavior as an anxiogenic neuropeptide in goldfish, as is the case in rodents. This paper reviews current knowledge of CRH and its related peptides derived from studies of teleost fish, as representative non-mammals, focusing particularly on the role of the CRH system, and examines its significance from a comparative viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Matsuda
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama Toyama, Japan
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