1
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Yao J, Chen Y, Huang Y, Sun X, Shi X. The role of cardiac microenvironment in cardiovascular diseases: implications for therapy. Hum Cell 2024; 37:607-624. [PMID: 38498133 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Due to aging populations and changes in lifestyle, cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, are the leading causes of death worldwide. The heart is a complicated organ composed of multicellular types, including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. Cellular specialization and complex interplay between different cell types are crucial for the cardiac tissue homeostasis and coordinated function of the heart. Mounting studies have demonstrated that dysfunctional cells and disordered cardiac microenvironment are closely associated with the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we discuss the composition and the homeostasis of cardiac tissues, and focus on the role of cardiac environment and underlying molecular mechanisms in various cardiovascular diseases. Besides, we elucidate the novel treatment for cardiovascular diseases, including stem cell therapy and targeted therapy. Clarification of these issues may provide novel insights into the prevention and potential targets for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuejun Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xingjuan Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Luan Y, Zhu X, Jiao Y, Liu H, Huang Z, Pei J, Xu Y, Yang Y, Ren K. Cardiac cell senescence: molecular mechanisms, key proteins and therapeutic targets. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:78. [PMID: 38355681 PMCID: PMC10866973 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac aging, particularly cardiac cell senescence, is a natural process that occurs as we age. Heart function gradually declines in old age, leading to continuous heart failure, even in people without a prior history of heart disease. To address this issue and improve cardiac cell function, it is crucial to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac senescence. This review summarizes the main mechanisms and key proteins involved in cardiac cell senescence. This review further discusses the molecular modulators of cellular senescence in aging hearts. Furthermore, the discussion will encompass comprehensive descriptions of the key drugs, modes of action and potential targets for intervention in cardiac senescence. By offering a fresh perspective and comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms of cardiac senescence, this review seeks to provide a fresh perspective and important theoretical foundations for the development of drugs targeting this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yuxue Jiao
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Jinyan Pei
- Quality Management Department, Henan No.3 Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
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3
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Zuo GF, Wang LG, Huang L, Ren YF, Ge Z, Hu ZY, Zhang JJ, Chen SL. TAX1BP1 downregulation by STAT3 in cardiac fibroblasts contributes to diabetes-induced heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166979. [PMID: 38065272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is now the most common form of HF and has been reported to be closely related to diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests that HFpEF patients exhibit cardiac fibrosis. This study investigates whether direct targeted inhibition of the activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), the main effector cells in cardiac fibrosis, improves diabetes-induced HFpEF and elucidates the underlying mechanisms. Twenty-week-old db/db mice exhibited HFpEF, as confirmed by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements. Proteomics was performed on CFs isolated from the hearts of 20-week-old C57BL/6 and db/db mice. Bioinformatic prediction was used to identify target proteins. Experimental validation was performed in both high glucose (HG)-treated neonatal mouse CFs (NMCFs) and diabetic hearts. TAX1 binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1) was identified as the most significantly differentially expressed protein between 20-week-old C57BL/6 and db/db mice. TAX1BP1 mRNA and protein were markedly downregulated in CFs from diabetic hearts and HG-cultured NMCFs. Overexpression of TAX1BP1 profoundly inhibited HG/diabetes-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation and collagen synthesis in CFs, improved cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, inflammation and HFpEF in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is phosphorylated and translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus under hyperglycemic conditions, bound to TAX1BP1 promoter and blocked TAX1BP1 transcriptional activity, consequently promoting NF-κB nuclear translocation and collagen synthesis in CFs, aggravating cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy and inflammation, leading to HFpEF in db/db mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that targeting regulation of STAT3-TAX1BP1-NF-κB signaling in CFs may be a promising therapeutic approach for diabetes-induced HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Feng Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Guo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Fei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuo-Ying Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shao-Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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4
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Liu H, Wang L, Xu H, Tan B, Yi Q, Deng H, Chen Y, He B, Tian J, Zhu J. Quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis reveal the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cytoskeletal remodeling in hiPSC-CMs deficient in PINK1. J Transl Med 2023; 21:581. [PMID: 37649075 PMCID: PMC10466879 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are seed cells that can be used for alternative treatment of myocardial damage. However, their immaturity limits their clinical application. Mitochondrial development accompanies cardiomyocyte maturation, and PINK1 plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial quality. However, the role and mechanism of PINK1 in cardiomyocyte development remain unclear. METHODS We used proteomic and phosphoproteomic to identify protein and phosphosite changes in hiPSC-CMs deficient in PINK1. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the potential biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of these differentially expressed proteins and validate potential downstream mechanisms. RESULTS Deletion of PINK1 resulted in mitochondrial structural breakdown and dysfunction, accompanied by disordered myofibrils arrangement. hiPSC-CMs deficient in PINK1 exhibited significantly decreased expression of mitochondrial ATP synthesis proteins and inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. In contrast, the expression of proteins related to cardiac pathology was increased, and the phosphoproteins involved in cytoskeleton construction were significantly altered. Mechanistically, PINK1 deletion damaged the mitochondrial cristae of hiPSC-CMs and reduced the efficiency of mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly. CONCLUSION The significantly differentially expressed proteins identified in this study highlight the important role of PINK1 in regulating mitochondrial quality in hiPSC-CMs. PINK1-mediated mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly is the basis for mitochondrial function. Whereas the cytoskeleton may be adaptively altered in response to mitochondrial dysfunction caused by PINK1 deletion, inadequate energy supply hinders myocardial development. These findings facilitate the exploration of the mechanism of PINK1 in cardiomyocyte development and guide efforts to promote the maturation of hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongrong Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunxia Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bolin He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiovascular (Internal Medicine), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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5
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Schöler U, Merten AL, Schürmann S, Friedrich O. Quantitative Live-Cell Ca 2+ Imaging During Isotropic Cell Stretch. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2644:155-176. [PMID: 37142921 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3052-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell viability of many cell types strongly relies on their ability to adjust to mechanical conditions and alterations. Cellular mechanisms for sensing and responding to mechanical forces and pathophysiological variations in these processes have become an emerging research field in recent years. An important signaling molecule involved in mechanotransduction as in many cellular processes is Ca2+. New experimental methods to probe cellular Ca2+ signaling live under conditions of mechanical stimulation facilitate new insights into previously overlooked aspects of mechanical regulation of cells.Here, we describe a protocol for using Ca2+ imaging in combination with a cell stretching device, the IsoStretcher. Cells grown on elastic membranes can be isotopically stretched in-plane, and their intracellular Ca2+ level can be accessed online on the single cell level using fluorescent calcium indicator dyes. We show a protocol for functional screening of mechanosensitive ion channels and related drug screenings using BJ cells, a foreskin fibroblast cell line that strongly reacts to acute mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schöler
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anna-Lena Merten
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schürmann
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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6
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Zhang R, Xu X, Chen X, Hao C, Ji Z, Zuo P, Yang M, Ma G, Li Y. Upregulation of key genes Eln and Tgfb3 were associated with the severity of cardiac hypertrophy. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:592. [PMID: 35964009 PMCID: PMC9375926 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most common pre-conditions that accompanies heart failure. This study aimed to identify the key pathogenic genes in the disease process. Methods GSE18224 was re-analyzed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out. Networks of transcription factor (TF)-mRNA, microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA and Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) were constructed, and a key module was further screened out from PPI network. GSE36074 dataset and our transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model were used to validate gene expression in the module. Finally, the correlation between the genes and biomarkers of cardiac hypertrophy were evaluated. Results Totally, there were 348 DEGs in GSE18224, which were mainly enriched in biological processes including collagen fibril organization, cellular response to transforming growth factor-beta stimulus and were involved in ECM-receptor interaction and Oxytocin signaling pathway. There were 387 miRNAs targeted by 257 DEGs, while 177 TFs targeted 71 DEGs. The PPI network contained 222 nodes and 770 edges, with 18 genes screened out into the module. After validation, 8 genes, which were also significantly upregulated in the GSE36074 dataset, were selected from the 18 DEGs. 2 of the 8 DEGs, including Eln and Tgfb3 were significantly upregulated in our mouse model of myocardial hypertrophy. Finally, the expression of Eln and Tgfb3 were found to be positively correlated with the level of the disease biomarkers. Conclusions Upregulated key genes Eln and Tgfb3 were positively correlated with the severity of cardiac hypertrophy, which may provide potential therapeutic targets for the disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08778-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chunshu Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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7
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Xuan Y, Chen C, Wen Z, Wang DW. The Roles of Cardiac Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells in Myocarditis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:882027. [PMID: 35463742 PMCID: PMC9022788 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.882027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In myocarditis caused by various etiologies, activated immune cells and the immune regulatory factors released by them play important roles. But in this complex microenvironment, non-immune cells and non-cardiomyocytes in the heart, such as cardiomyocytes (CMs), cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and endothelial cells (ECs), play the role of “sentinel”, amplify inflammation, and interact with the cardiomyocytes. The complex interactions between them are rarely paid attention to. This review will re-examine the functions of CFs and ECs in the pathological conditions of myocarditis and their direct and indirect interactions with CMs, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of myocarditis and better guide the drug development and clinical treatment of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Xuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Wen
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
- Dao Wen Wang
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8
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Bartoli F, Evans EL, Blythe NM, Stewart L, Chuntharpursat-Bon E, Debant M, Musialowski KE, Lichtenstein L, Parsonage G, Futers TS, Turner NA, Beech DJ. Global PIEZO1 Gain-of-Function Mutation Causes Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071199. [PMID: 35406763 PMCID: PMC8997529 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PIEZO1 is a subunit of mechanically-activated, nonselective cation channels. Gain-of-function PIEZO1 mutations are associated with dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHS), a type of anaemia, due to abnormal red blood cell function. Here, we hypothesised additional effects on the heart. Consistent with this hypothesis, mice engineered to contain the M2241R mutation in PIEZO1 to mimic a DHS mutation had increased cardiac mass and interventricular septum thickness at 8–12 weeks of age, without altered cardiac contractility. Myocyte size was greater and there was increased expression of genes associated with cardiac hypertrophy (Anp, Acta1 and β-MHC). There was also cardiac fibrosis, increased expression of Col3a1 (a gene associated with fibrosis) and increased responses of isolated cardiac fibroblasts to PIEZO1 agonism. The data suggest detrimental effects of excess PIEZO1 activity on the heart, mediated in part by amplified PIEZO1 function in cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Bartoli
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (D.J.B.); Tel.: +44-113-343-9509 (F.B.); +44-113-343-4323 (D.J.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David J. Beech
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (D.J.B.); Tel.: +44-113-343-9509 (F.B.); +44-113-343-4323 (D.J.B.)
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9
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Potential Applications and Functional Roles of Exosomes in Cardiometabolic Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122056. [PMID: 34959338 PMCID: PMC8703910 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, cardiometabolic disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and microvesicles, have gained particular interest because of their role in metabolic homeostasis and cardiovascular physiology. Indeed, EVs are recognized as critical mediators of intercellular communication in the cardiovascular system. Exosomes are naturally occurring nanocarriers that transfer biological information in the setting of metabolic abnormalities and cardiac dysfunction. The study of these EVs can increase our knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms of metabolic disorders and their cardiovascular complications. Because of their inherent properties and composition, exosomes have been proposed as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutics for specific targeting and drug delivery. Emerging fields of study explore the use exosomes as tools for gene therapy and as a cell-free alternative for regenerative medicine. Furthermore, innovative biomaterials can incorporate exosomes to enhance tissue regeneration and engineering. In this work, we summarize the most recent knowledge on the role of exosomes in cardiometabolic pathophysiology while highlighting their potential therapeutic applications.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Padula
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH
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11
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Peter AK, Walker CJ, Ceccato T, Trexler CL, Ozeroff CD, Lugo KR, Perry AR, Anseth KS, Leinwand LA. Cardiac Fibroblasts Mediate a Sexually Dimorphic Fibrotic Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018876. [PMID: 33998248 PMCID: PMC8483546 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Biological sex is an important modifier of cardiovascular disease and women generally have better outcomes compared with men. However, the contribution of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) to this sexual dimorphism is relatively unexplored. Methods and Results Isoproterenol (ISO) was administered to rats as a model for chronic β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR)‐mediated cardiovascular disease. ISO‐treated males had higher mortality than females and also developed fibrosis whereas females did not. Gonadectomy did not abrogate this sex difference. To determine the cellular contribution to this phenotype, CFs were studied. CFs from both sexes had increased proliferation in vivo in response to ISO, but CFs from female hearts proliferated more than male cells. In addition, male CFs were significantly more activated to myofibroblasts by ISO. To investigate potential regulatory mechanisms for the sexually dimorphic fibrotic response, β‐AR mRNA and PKA (protein kinase A) activity were measured. In response to ISO treatment, male CFs increased expression of β1‐ and β2‐ARs, whereas expression of both receptors decreased in female CFs. Moreover, ISO‐treated male CFs had higher PKA activity relative to vehicle controls, whereas ISO did not activate PKA in female CFs. Conclusions Chronic in vivo β‐AR stimulation causes fibrosis in male but not female rat hearts. Male CFs are more activated than female CFs, consistent with elevated fibrosis in male rat hearts and may be caused by higher β‐AR expression and PKA activation in male CFs. Taken together, our data suggest that CFs play a substantial role in mediating sex differences observed after cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Peter
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO
| | - Cierra J Walker
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO
| | - Tova Ceccato
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO
| | - Christa L Trexler
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO
| | - Christopher D Ozeroff
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO
| | | | - Amy R Perry
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder CO
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO
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12
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Zhu JX, Ling W, Xue C, Zhou Z, Zhang YS, Yan C, Wu MP. Higenamine attenuates cardiac fibroblast abstract and fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 900:174013. [PMID: 33766620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Higenamine (HG), is one of the main active components in many widely used Chinese herbs, and a common ingredient of health products in Europe and North America. Several groups, including our own, have previously shown the beneficial effects of HG against cardiomyocyte death during acute ischemic damage. However, the effect of HG on chronic cardiac remodeling, such as cardiac fibrosis, remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Herein, we aim to investigate the role of HG in cardiac fibrosis in vivo as well as its cellular and molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Chronic pressure overload with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) significantly increased cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction in mice, which were significantly attenuated by HG. Consistently, cardiac fibrosis induced by the chronic infusion of isoproterenol (ISO), was also significantly reduced by HG. Interestingly, our results showed that HG had no effect on adult mouse CM hypertrophy in vitro. However, HG suppressed the activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in vitro. Furthermore, TGF-β1-induced expression of ACTA2, a marker of fibroblast activation, was significantly suppressed by HG. Concomitantly, HG inhibited TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in CFs. HG also reduced the expression of extracellular matrix molecules such as collagen I and collagen III. To our surprise, the inhibitory effect of HG on CFs activation was independent of the activation of the beta2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) that is known to mediate the effect of HG on antagonizing CMs apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that HG ameliorates pathological cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction at least partially by suppressing TGF-β1/Smad signaling and CFs activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang RD, Shanghai, 200071, China; Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Traditional Chinese Hospital of LuAn, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 76 Renmin RD, LuAn Anhui, 237001, China
| | - Wang Ling
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang RD, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Chao Xue
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave Box CVRI, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang RD, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Yi-Shuai Zhang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave Box CVRI, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave Box CVRI, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - Mei-Ping Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang RD, Shanghai, 200071, China; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave Box CVRI, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States.
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13
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Yao Y, Hu C, Song Q, Li Y, Da X, Yu Y, Li H, Clark IM, Chen Q, Wang QK. ADAMTS16 activates latent TGF-β, accentuating fibrosis and dysfunction of the pressure-overloaded heart. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:956-969. [PMID: 31297506 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac fibrosis is a major cause of heart failure (HF), and mediated by the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. However, limited tools are available to block cardiac fibrosis. ADAMTS16 is a member of the ADAMTS superfamily of extracellular protease enzymes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and remodelling. In this study, we aimed to establish ADAMTS16 as a key regulator of cardiac fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that ADAMTS16 was significantly up-regulated in mice with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and HF, which was correlated with increased expression of Mmp2, Mmp9, Col1a1, and Col3a1. Overexpression of ADAMTS16 accelerated the AngII-induced activation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Protein structural analysis and co-immunoprecipitation revealed that ADAMTS16 interacted with the latency-associated peptide (LAP)-transforming growth factor (TGF)-β via a RRFR motif. Overexpression of ADAMTS16 induced the activation of TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts; however, the effects were blocked by a mutation of the RRFR motif to IIFI, knockdown of Adamts16 expression, or a TGF-β-neutralizing antibody (ΝAb). The RRFR tetrapeptide, but not control IIFI peptide, blocked the interaction between ADAMTS16 and LAP-TGF-β, and accelerated the activation of TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts. In TAC mice, the RRFR tetrapeptide aggravated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy by up-regulation of ECM proteins, activation of TGF-β, and increased SMAD2/SMAD3 signalling, however, the effects were blocked by TGF-β-NAb. CONCLUSION ADAMTS16 promotes cardiac fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and HF by facilitating cardiac fibroblasts activation via interacting with and activating LAP-TGF-β signalling. The RRFR motif of ADAMTS16 disrupts the interaction between ADAMTS16 and LAP-TGF-β, activates TGF-β, and aggravated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. This study identifies a novel regulator of TGF-β signalling and cardiac fibrosis, and provides a new target for the development of therapeutic treatment of cardiac fibrosis and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Changqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qixue Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xingwen Da
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yubin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ian M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qing K Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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14
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DPP-4 inhibitor induces FGF21 expression via sirtuin 1 signaling and improves myocardial energy metabolism. Heart Vessels 2020; 36:136-146. [PMID: 33073318 PMCID: PMC7788045 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are widely used incretin-based therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the cardioprotective effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin (vilda), on myocardial metabolism and cardiac performance under pressure overload. Mice were treated with either vehicle or vilda, followed by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). After 3 weeks of TAC, cardiac hypertrophy and impairment of systolic function were attenuated in vilda-treated mice. Pressure-volume analysis showed that vilda treatment significantly improved left-ventricular contractile efficiency in TAC heart. Myocardial energy substrate analysis showed that vilda treatment significantly increased glucose uptake as well as fatty acid uptake. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a peptide involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, increased in TAC heart and was further increased by vilda treatment. FGF21 was strongly expressed in cardiac fibroblasts than in cardiomyocytes in mouse heart after TAC with vilda treatment. Vilda treatment markedly induced FGF21 expression in human cardiac fibroblasts through a sirtuin (Sirt) 1-mediated pathway, suggesting that fibroblast-mediated FGF21 expression may regulate energy metabolism and exert vilda-mediated beneficial effects in stressed heart. Vilda induced a metabolic regulator, FGF21 expression in cardiac fibroblasts via Sirt1, and increased contractile efficiency in murine pressure-overloaded heart.
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15
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Boopathi E, Thangavel C. CDK4/6 inhibition protects normal cells against cancer therapy-induced damage. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:405-408. [PMID: 32432028 PMCID: PMC7236812 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.12.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ettickan Boopathi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chellappagounder Thangavel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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ALDH2 Activation Inhibited Cardiac Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transformation Via the TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 73:248-256. [PMID: 30801261 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pathological stimulus-triggered differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts plays a major role in the development of myocardial fibrosis. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) was reported to exert a protective role in cardiovascular disease, and whether ALDH2 is involved in cardiac fibroblast differentiation remains unclear. In this study, we used transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to induce the differentiation of human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) and adopted ALDH2 activator Alda-1 to verify the influence of ALDH2 on HCF differentiation. Results showed that ALDH2 activity was obviously impaired when treating HCFs with TGF-β1. Activation of ALDH2 with Alda-1 inhibited the transformation of HCFs into myofibroblasts, demonstrated by the decreased smooth muscle actin (α-actin) and periostin expression, reduced HCF-derived myofibroblast proliferation, collagen production, and contractility. Moreover, application of Smad2/3 inhibitor alleviated TGF-β1-induced HCF differentiation and improved ALDH2 activity, which was reversed by the application of ALDH2 inhibitor daidzin. Finally, Alda-1-induced HCF alterations alleviated neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, supported by the immunostaining of α-actin. To summarize, activation of ALDH2 enzymatic activity inhibited the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts via the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, which might be a promising strategy to relieve myocardial fibrosis of various causes.
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17
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Dong W, Li R, Yang H, Lu Y, Zhou L, Sun L, Wang D, Duan J. Mesenchymal-endothelial transition-derived cells as a potential new regulatory target for cardiac hypertrophy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6652. [PMID: 32313043 PMCID: PMC7170918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Mesenchymal-endothelial transition (MEndoT) in cardiac hypertrophy is unclear. To determine the difference between MEndoT-derived and coronary endothelial cells is essential for understanding the revascularizing strategy in cardiac repair. Using lineage tracing we demonstrated that MEndoT-derived cells exhibit highly heterogeneous which were characterized with highly expression of endothelial markers such as vascular endothelial cadherin(VECAD) and occludin but low expression of Tek receptor tyrosine kinase(Tek), isolectin B4, endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS), von Willebrand factor(vWF), and CD31 after cardiac hypertrophy. RNA-sequencing showed altered expression of fibroblast lineage commitment genes in fibroblasts undergoing MEndoT. Compared with fibroblasts, the expression of p53 and most endothelial lineage commitment genes were upregulated in MEndoT-derived cells; however, the further analysis indicated that MEndoT-derived cells may represent an endothelial-like cell sub-population. Loss and gain function study demonstrated that MEndoT-derived cells are substantial sources of neovascularization, which can be manipulated to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy and preserve cardiac function by improving the expression of endothelial markers in MEndoT-derived cells. Moreover, fibroblasts undergoing MEndoT showed significantly upregulated anti-hypertrophic factors and downregulated pro-hypertrophic factors. Therefore MEndoT-derived cells are an endothelial-like cell population that can be regulated to treat cardiac hypertrophy by improving neovascularization and altering the paracrine effect of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Dong
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haili Yang
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109, WA, USA
| | - Longhai Zhou
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Dianliang Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China.
| | - Jinzhu Duan
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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18
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Deng M, Yang S, Ji Y, Lu Y, Qiu M, Sheng Y, Sun W, Kong X. Overexpression of peptidase inhibitor 16 attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis via regulating HDAC1 of cardiac fibroblasts. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5249-5259. [PMID: 32227584 PMCID: PMC7205788 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are the major causes of heart failure due to non‐ischaemia heart disease. To date, no specific therapy exists for cardiac fibrosis due to the largely unknown mechanisms of disease and lack of applicable therapeutic targets. In this study, we aimed to explore the role and associated mechanism of peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) in cardiac fibrosis induced by angiotensin II. In cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), overexpressed PI16 significantly inhibited CF proliferation and the levels of fibrosis‐associated proteins. Further analysis of epigenetic changes in CF revealed that overexpressed PI16 decreases the nuclear level of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) after angiotensin II treatment, resulting in increased histone 3 acetylation in K18 and K27 lysine. However, overexpression of HDAC1 by an adenovirus vector in CFs reversed these changes. Echocardiography showed that PI16 transgenic (Tg) mice have smaller left ventricle mass than wild‐type mice. Histological analysis data showed that PI16 Tg mice demonstrated smaller cardiomyocyte size and less collagen deposition than wild‐type mice. The effects of PI16 on HDAC1 and histone 3 were also confirmed in PI16 Tg mice using immunostaining. Generally, PI16 is a HDAC1 regulator specifically in CFs, and PI16 overexpression prevents cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by inhibiting stress‐induced CF activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhui Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Binas S, Knyrim M, Hupfeld J, Kloeckner U, Rabe S, Mildenberger S, Quarch K, Strätz N, Misiak D, Gekle M, Grossmann C, Schreier B. miR-221 and -222 target CACNA1C and KCNJ5 leading to altered cardiac ion channel expression and current density. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:903-918. [PMID: 31312877 PMCID: PMC7058603 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) contribute to different aspects of cardiovascular pathology, among others cardiac hypertrophy and atrial fibrillation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of miR-221/222 on cardiac electrical remodeling. Cardiac miR expression was analyzed in a mouse model with altered electrocardiography parameters and severe heart hypertrophy. Next generation sequencing revealed 14 differentially expressed miRs in hypertrophic hearts, with miR-221 and -222 being the strongest regulated miR-cluster. This increase was restricted to cardiomyocytes and not observed in cardiac fibroblasts. Additionally, we evaluated the change of miR-221/222 in vivo in two models of pharmacologically induced heart hypertrophy (angiotensin II, isoprenaline), thereby demonstrating a stimulus-induced increase in miR-221/222 in vivo by angiotensin II but not by isoprenaline. Whole transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR validation revealed an enriched number of downregulated mRNAs coding for proteins located in the T-tubule, which are also predicted targets for miR-221/222. Among those, mRNAs were the L-type Ca2+ channel subunits as well as potassium channel subunits. We confirmed that both miRs target the 3'-untranslated regions of Cacna1c and Kcnj5. Furthermore, enhanced expression of these miRs reduced L-type Ca2+ channel and Kcnj5 channel abundance and function, which was analyzed by whole-cell patch clamp recordings or Western blot and flux measurements, respectively. miR-221 and -222 contribute to the regulation of L-type Ca2+ channels as well as Kcnj5 channels and, therefore, potentially contribute to disturbed cardiac excitation generation and propagation. Future studies will have to evaluate the pathophysiological and clinical relevance of aberrant miR-221/222 expression for electrical remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Binas
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Maria Knyrim
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Julia Hupfeld
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Udo Kloeckner
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Sindy Rabe
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Sigrid Mildenberger
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Katja Quarch
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Nicole Strätz
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Danny Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 1, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Claudia Grossmann
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Barbara Schreier
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110, Halle/Saale, Germany.
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20
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Raggi F, Cangelosi D, Becherini P, Blengio F, Morini M, Acquaviva M, Belli ML, Panizzon G, Cervo G, Varesio L, Eva A, Bosco MC. Transcriptome analysis defines myocardium gene signatures in children with ToF and ASD and reveals disease-specific molecular reprogramming in response to surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. J Transl Med 2020; 18:21. [PMID: 31924244 PMCID: PMC6954611 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) and Atrial Septal Defects (ASD) are the most common types of congenital heart diseases and a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is used during corrective cardiac surgery to support circulation and heart stabilization. However, this procedure triggers systemic inflammatory and stress response and consequent increased risk of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to define the molecular bases of ToF and ASD pathogenesis and response to CPB and identify new potential biomarkers. METHODS Comparative transcriptome analysis of right atrium specimens collected from 10 ToF and 10 ASD patients was conducted before (Pre-CPB) and after (Post-CPB) corrective surgery. Total RNA isolated from each sample was individually hybridized on Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus Array Strips containing 38,500 unique human genes. Differences in the gene expression profiles and functional enrichment/network analyses were assessed using bioinformatic tools. qRT-PCR analysis was used to validate gene modulation. RESULTS Pre-CPB samples showed significant differential expression of a total of 72 genes, 28 of which were overexpressed in ToF and 44 in ASD. According to Gene Ontology annotation, the mostly enriched biological processes were represented by matrix organization and cell adhesion in ToF and by muscle development and contractility in ASD specimens. GSEA highlighted the specific enrichment of hypoxia gene sets in ToF samples, pointing to a role for hypoxia in disease pathogenesis. The post-CPB myocardium exhibited significant alterations in the expression profile of genes related to transcription regulation, growth/apoptosis, inflammation, adhesion/matrix organization, and oxidative stress. Among them, only 70 were common to the two disease groups, whereas 110 and 24 were unique in ToF and ASD, respectively. Multiple functional interactions among differentially expressed gene products were predicted by network analysis. Interestingly, gene expression changes in ASD samples followed a consensus hypoxia profile. CONCLUSION Our results provide a comprehensive view of gene reprogramming in right atrium tissues of ToF and ASD patients before and after CPB, defining specific molecular pathways underlying disease pathophysiology and myocardium response to CPB. These findings have potential translational value because they identify new candidate prognostic markers and targets for tailored cardioprotective post-surgical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Pamela Becherini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabiola Blengio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.,INSERM U955 Equipe 16, Creteil, France
| | - Martina Morini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Acquaviva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.,Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology INSPE, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Belli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.,Cytomorphology Laboratory, Heamo-Onco-TMO Department, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Panizzon
- Department of Cardiology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cervo
- Department of Cardiology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
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21
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Effects of 6-mercaptopurine in pressure overload induced right heart failure. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225122. [PMID: 31714926 PMCID: PMC6850541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several antineoplastic drugs have been proposed as new compounds for pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment but many have cardiotoxic side effects. The chemotherapeutic agent 6-mercaptopurine may have an effect in treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension but at the same time, its effects on the afterload adaption of the right ventricle is unpredictable due to interaction with multiple downstream signalling pathways in the cardiomyocytes. We investigated the direct cardiac effects of 6-mercaptopurine in rats with isolated right heart failure caused by pulmonary trunk banding (PTB). Methods Male Wistar rat weanlings (112±2 g) were randomized to sham operation (sham, n = 10) or PTB. The PTB animals were randomized to placebo (PTB-control, n = 10) and 6-mercaptopurine (7.5 mg/kg/day) groups with treatment start before the PTB procedure (PTB-prevention, n = 10) or two weeks after (PTB-reversal, n = 10). Right ventricular effects were evaluated by echocardiography, cardiac MRI, invasive pressure-volume measurements, and histological and molecular analyses. Results PTB increased right ventricular afterload and caused right ventricular hypertrophy and failure. 6-mercaptopurine did not improve right ventricular function nor reduce right ventricular remodelling in both prevention and reversal studies compared with placebo-treated rats. Conclusion Treatment with 6-mercaptopurine did not have any beneficial or detrimental effects on right ventricular function or remodelling. Our data suggest that treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension with 6-mercaptopurine is not harmful to the failing right ventricle.
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Oatmen KE, Cull E, Spinale FG. Heart failure as interstitial cancer: emergence of a malignant fibroblast phenotype. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 17:523-531. [DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Silva TA, Ferreira LFDC, Pereira MCDS, Calvet CM. Differential Role of TGF-β in Extracellular Matrix Regulation During Trypanosoma cruzi-Host Cell Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4836. [PMID: 31569452 PMCID: PMC6801917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a determinant for inflammation and fibrosis in cardiac and skeletal muscle in Chagas disease. To determine its regulatory mechanisms, we investigated the response of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected cardiomyocytes (CM), cardiac fibroblasts (CF), and L6E9 skeletal myoblasts to TGF-β. Cultures of CM, CF, and L6E9 were infected with T. cruzi (Y strain) and treated with TGF-β (1-10 ng/mL, 1 h or 48 h). Fibronectin (FN) distribution was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot (WB). Phosphorylated SMAD2 (PS2), phospho-p38 (p-p38), and phospho-c-Jun (p-c-Jun) signaling were evaluated by WB. CF and L6E9 showed an increase in FN from 1 ng/mL of TGF-β, while CM displayed FN modulation only after 10 ng/mL treatment. CF and L6E9 showed higher PS2 levels than CM, while p38 was less stimulated in CF than CM and L6E9. T. cruzi infection resulted in localized FN disorganization in CF and L6E9. T. cruzi induced an increase in FN in CF cultures, mainly in uninfected cells. Infected CF cultures treated with TGF-β showed a reduction in PS2 and an increase in p-p38 and p-c-Jun levels. Our data suggest that p38 and c-Jun pathways may be participating in the fibrosis regulatory process mediated by TGF-β after T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Araújo Silva
- Cellular Ultrastructure Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Claudia Magalhães Calvet
- Cellular Ultrastructure Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
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Cunningham KS, Spears DA, Care M. Evaluation of cardiac hypertrophy in the setting of sudden cardiac death. Forensic Sci Res 2019; 4:223-240. [PMID: 31489388 PMCID: PMC6713129 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2019.1633761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventricular hypertrophy is a common pathological finding at autopsy that can act as a substrate for arrhythmogenesis. Pathologists grapple with the significance of ventricular hypertrophy when assessing the sudden and unexpected deaths of young people and what it could mean for surviving family members. The pathological spectrum of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is reviewed herein. This article is oriented to the practicing autopsy pathologist to help make sense of various patterns of increased heart muscle, particularly those that are not clearly cardiomyopathic, yet present in the setting of sudden cardiac death. The article also reviews factors influencing arrhythmogenesis as well as genetic mutations most commonly associated with ventricular hypertrophy, especially those associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher S. Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Ontario Forensic Pathology Service, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danna A. Spears
- University Health Network, Division of Cardiology – Electrophysiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Melanie Care
- Fred A. Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine and Inherited Arrhythmia Clinic, University Health Network & Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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25
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Cardiac Fibroblast p38 MAPK: A Critical Regulator of Myocardial Remodeling. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:jcdd6030027. [PMID: 31394846 PMCID: PMC6787752 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac fibroblast is a remarkably versatile cell type that coordinates inflammatory, fibrotic and hypertrophic responses in the heart through a complex array of intracellular and intercellular signaling mechanisms. One important signaling node that has been identified involves p38 MAPK; a family of kinases activated in response to stress and inflammatory stimuli that modulates multiple aspects of cardiac fibroblast function, including inflammatory responses, myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix turnover and the paracrine induction of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. This review explores the emerging importance of the p38 MAPK pathway in cardiac fibroblasts, describes the molecular mechanisms by which it regulates the expression of key genes, and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for reducing adverse myocardial remodeling.
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26
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Burke MJ, Walmsley R, Munsey TS, Smith AJ. Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors cause dysfunction in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 58:178-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Wang L, Liu C, Chen X, Li P. Alamandine attenuates long‑term hypertension‑induced cardiac fibrosis independent of blood pressure. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4553-4560. [PMID: 31059021 PMCID: PMC6522836 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis secondary to long‑term hypertension is known to promote cardiac dysfunction; however, few therapeutic agents are available for the treatment of this condition in clinical practice. The heptapeptide alamandine (Ala) has recently been identified as a component of the renin‑angiotensin system (RAS), which exerts a protective effect against cardiac hypertrophy; however, it is unknown whether Ala may also be useful for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis. In the present study, the potential therapeutic effects of Ala on long‑term hypertension‑induced cardiac fibrosis were investigated in an aged, spontaneous hypertensive rat model. Weekly blood pressure (BP) measurements revealed that daily Ala treatment significantly decreased the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial BP compared with the control. Of note, the observed reduction in BP in Ala‑treated animals markedly differed to that observed in rats treated with hydralazine (Hyd). Echocardiography further demonstrated that Ala treatment decreased the ratio of left ventricle mass to body weight, and alleviated structural and functional parameters associated with cardiac fibrosis, including left ventricular volume, ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared with the control and Hyd‑treated groups. Furthermore, Ala deceased the density of cardiac fibrosis, as assessed by Masson and Sirius red staining; reduced expression of fibrotic proteins, including connective tissue growth factor, collagen I (COL1A1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9, was also observed. In addition, Ala treatment further decreased the expression of angiotensin II‑induced fibrotic markers at the mRNA and protein levels in cultured cardiac fibroblasts; Ala‑mediated inhibition of COL1A1 expression and Akt phosphorylation was inhibited via the Mas‑related G protein receptor antagonist, PD123319. Collectively, the findings of the present study suggest that Ala is an effective anti‑hypertensive peptide that can attenuate cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis induced by chronic hypertension, independent of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, P.R. China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiru Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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28
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Rogers AJ, Miller JM, Kannappan R, Sethu P. Cardiac Tissue Chips (CTCs) for Modeling Cardiovascular Disease. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:3436-3443. [PMID: 30892197 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2905763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular research and regenerative strategies have been significantly limited by the lack of relevant cell culture models that can recreate complex hemodynamic stresses associated with pressure-volume changes in the heart. METHODS To address this issue, we designed a biomimetic cardiac tissue chip (CTC) model where encapsulated cardiac cells can be cultured in three-dimensional (3-D) fibres and subjected to hemodynamic loading to mimic pressure-volume changes seen in the left ventricle. These 3-D fibres are suspended within a microfluidic chamber between two posts and integrated within a flow loop. Various parameters associated with heart function, like heart rate, peak-systolic pressure, end-diastolic pressure and volume, end-systolic pressure and volume, and duration ratio between systolic and diastolic, can all be precisely manipulated, allowing culture of cardiac cells under developmental, normal, and disease states. RESULTS We describe two examples of how the CTC can significantly impact cardiovascular research by reproducing the pathophysiological mechanical stresses associated with pressure overload and volume overload. Our results using H9c2 cells, a cardiomyogenic cell line, clearly show that culture within the CTC under pathological hemodynamic loads accurately induces morphological and gene expression changes, similar to those seen in both hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. Under pressure overload, the cells within the CTC see increased hypertrophic remodeling and fibrosis, whereas cells subject to prolonged volume overload experience significant changes to cellular aspect ratio through thinning and elongation of the engineered tissue. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the CTC can be used to create highly relevant models where hemodynamic loading and unloading are accurately reproduced for cardiovascular disease modeling.
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Imaeda A, Tanaka S, Tonegawa K, Fuchigami S, Obana M, Maeda M, Kihara M, Kiyonari H, Conway SJ, Fujio Y, Nakayama H. Myofibroblast β2 adrenergic signaling amplifies cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:149-155. [PMID: 30683314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal β-adrenergic signaling plays a central role in human heart failure. In mice, chronic β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) stimulation elicits cardiac hypertrophy. It has been reported that cultured cardiac fibroblasts express βAR; however, the functional in vivo requirement of βAR signaling in cardiac fibroblasts during the development of cardiac hypertrophy remains elusive. β2AR null mice exhibited attenuated hypertrophic responses to chronic βAR stimulation upon continuous infusion of an agonist, isoprenaline (ISO), compared to those in wildtype controls, suggesting that β2AR activation in the heart induces pro-hypertrophic effects in mice. Since β2AR signaling is protective in cardiomyocytes, we focused on β2AR signaling in cardiac myofibroblasts. To determine whether β2AR signaling in myofibroblasts affects cardiac hypertrophy, we generated myofibroblast-specific transgenic mice (TG) with the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKAcα) using Cre-loxP system. Myofibroblast-specific PKAcα overexpression resulted in enhanced heart weight normalized to body weight ratio, associated with an enlargement of cardiomyocytes at 12 weeks of age, indicating that myofibroblast-specific activation of PKA mediates cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes stimulated with conditioned media from TG cardiac fibroblasts likewise exhibited significantly more growth than those from controls. Thus, β2AR signaling in myofibroblasts plays a substantial role in ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy, possibly due to a paracrine effect. β2AR signaling in cardiac myofibroblasts may represent a promising target for development of novel therapies for cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Imaeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kota Tonegawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Fuchigami
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Maeda
- Educational and Research Unit of Pharm.D. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miho Kihara
- Laboratories for Animal Resource Development, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratories for Animal Resource Development, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Simon J Conway
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Bageghni SA, Hemmings KE, Zava N, Denton CP, Porter KE, Ainscough JFX, Drinkhill MJ, Turner NA. Cardiac fibroblast-specific p38α MAP kinase promotes cardiac hypertrophy via a putative paracrine interleukin-6 signaling mechanism. FASEB J 2018; 32:4941-4954. [PMID: 29601781 PMCID: PMC6629170 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701455rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that cardiac fibroblast-specific p38α MAPK contributes to the development of cardiac hypertrophy, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Our study used a novel fibroblast-specific, tamoxifen-inducible p38α knockout (KO) mouse line to characterize the role of fibroblast p38α in modulating cardiac hypertrophy, and we elucidated the mechanism. Myocardial injury was induced in tamoxifen-treated Cre-positive p38α KO mice or control littermates via chronic infusion of the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol. Cardiac function was assessed by pressure-volume conductance catheter analysis and was evaluated for cardiac hypertrophy at tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. Isoproterenol infusion in control mice promoted overt cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction (reduced ejection fraction, increased end systolic volume, increased cardiac weight index, increased cardiomyocyte area, increased fibrosis, and up-regulation of myocyte fetal genes and hypertrophy-associated microRNAs). Fibroblast-specific p38α KO mice exhibited marked protection against myocardial injury, with isoproterenol-induced alterations in cardiac function, histology, and molecular markers all being attenuated. In vitro mechanistic studies determined that cardiac fibroblasts responded to damaged myocardium by secreting several paracrine factors known to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, including IL-6, whose secretion was dependent upon p38α activity. In conclusion, cardiac fibroblast p38α contributes to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction, potentially via a mechanism involving paracrine fibroblast-to-myocyte IL-6 signaling.-Bageghni, S. A., Hemmings, K. E., Zava, N., Denton, C. P., Porter, K. E., Ainscough, J. F. X., Drinkhill, M. J., Turner, N. A. Cardiac fibroblast-specific p38α MAP kinase promotes cardiac hypertrophy via a putative paracrine interleukin-6 signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumia A. Bageghni
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Karen E. Hemmings
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ngonidzashe Zava
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Christopher P. Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E. Porter
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Justin F. X. Ainscough
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mark J. Drinkhill
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Neil A. Turner
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
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32
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Li Y, Zhang D, Kong L, Shi H, Tian X, Gao L, Liu Y, Wu L, Du B, Huang Z, Liang C, Wang Z, Yao R, Zhang Y. Aldolase promotes the development of cardiac hypertrophy by targeting AMPK signaling. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:78-86. [PMID: 29902536 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is a hallmark of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. During cardiac failure, the metabolism of cardiomyocyte switches from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis. However, the roles of key metabolic enzymes in cardiac hypertrophy are not understood fully. Here in the present work, we identified Aldolase A (AldoA) as a core regulator of cardiac hypertrophy. The mRNA and protein levels of AldoA were significantly up-regulated in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)- and isoproterenol (ISO)-induced hypertrophic mouse hearts. Overexpression of AldoA in cardiomyocytes promoted ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, whereas AldoA knockdown repressed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In addition, adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated in vivo knockdown of AldoA in the hearts rescued ISO-induced decrease in cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening and repressed cardiac hypertrophy. Mechanism study revealed that AldoA repressed the activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in a liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-dependent and AMP-independent manner. Inactivation of AMPK is a core mechanism underlying AldoA-mediated promotion of ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. By contrast, activation of AMPK with metformin and AICAR blocked AldoA function during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In summary, our data support the notion that AldoA-AMPK axis is a core regulatory signaling sensing energetic status and participates in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dianhong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingyao Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiting Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuzhou Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leiming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Binbin Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cui Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Yao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanzhou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Yu J, Seldin MM, Fu K, Li S, Lam L, Wang P, Wang Y, Huang D, Nguyen TL, Wei B, Kulkarni RP, Di Carlo D, Teitell M, Pellegrini M, Lusis AJ, Deb A. Topological Arrangement of Cardiac Fibroblasts Regulates Cellular Plasticity. Circ Res 2018; 123:73-85. [PMID: 29691232 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac fibroblasts do not form a syncytium but reside in the interstitium between myocytes. This topological relationship between fibroblasts and myocytes is maintained throughout postnatal life until an acute myocardial injury occurs, when fibroblasts are recruited to, proliferate and aggregate in the region of myocyte necrosis. The accumulation or aggregation of fibroblasts in the area of injury thus represents a unique event in the life cycle of the fibroblast, but little is known about how changes in the topological arrangement of fibroblasts after cardiac injury affect fibroblast function. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate how changes in topological states of cardiac fibroblasts (such as after cardiac injury) affect cellular phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS Using 2 and 3-dimensional (2D versus 3D) culture conditions, we show that simple aggregation of cardiac fibroblasts is sufficient by itself to induce genome-wide changes in gene expression and chromatin remodeling. Remarkably, gene expression changes are reversible after the transition from a 3D back to 2D state demonstrating a topological regulation of cellular plasticity. Genes induced by fibroblast aggregation are strongly associated and predictive of adverse cardiac outcomes and remodeling in mouse models of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Using solvent-based tissue clearing techniques to create optically transparent cardiac scar tissue, we show that fibroblasts in the region of dense scar tissue express markers that are induced by fibroblasts in the 3D conformation. Finally, using live cell interferometry, a quantitative phase microscopy technique to detect absolute changes in single cell biomass, we demonstrate that conditioned medium collected from fibroblasts in 3D conformation compared with that from a 2D state significantly increases cardiomyocyte cell hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings demonstrate that simple topological changes in cardiac fibroblast organization are sufficient to induce chromatin remodeling and global changes in gene expression with potential functional consequences for the healing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Departments of Human Genetics and Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (M.M.S., A.J.L.)
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Shen Li
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Larry Lam
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Ping Wang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Yijie Wang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Dian Huang
- Department of Bioengineering (D.H., T.L.N., D.D.C.)
| | | | - Bowen Wei
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (B.W., R.P.K.)
| | - Rajan P Kulkarni
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (B.W., R.P.K.)
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Department of Bioengineering (D.H., T.L.N., D.D.C.)
| | - Michael Teitell
- Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (M.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Departments of Human Genetics and Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (M.M.S., A.J.L.)
| | - Arjun Deb
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.) .,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
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Egemnazarov B, Crnkovic S, Nagy BM, Olschewski H, Kwapiszewska G. Right ventricular fibrosis and dysfunction: Actual concepts and common misconceptions. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:507-521. [PMID: 29343458 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis and remodeling of the right ventricle (RV) are associated with RV dysfunction and mortality of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) but it is unknown how much RV fibrosis contributes to RV dysfunction and mortality. RV fibrosis manifests as fibroblast accumulation and collagen deposition which may be excessive. Although extracellular matrix deposition leads to elevated ventricular stiffness, it is not known to which extent it affects RV function. Various animal models of pulmonary hypertension have been established to investigate the role of fibrosis in RV dysfunction and failure. However, they do not perfectly resemble the human disease. In the current review we describe the major characteristics of RV fibrosis, molecular mechanisms regulating the fibrotic process, and discuss how therapeutic targeting of fibrosis might affect RV function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Slaven Crnkovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Bence M Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Thiagarajan D, O’ Shea K, Sreejit G, Ananthakrishnan R, Quadri N, Li Q, Schmidt AM, Gabbay K, Ramasamy R. Aldose reductase modulates acute activation of mesenchymal markers via the β-catenin pathway during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188981. [PMID: 29190815 PMCID: PMC5708684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR: human, AKR1B1; mouse, AKR1B3), the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, plays a key role in mediating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In earlier studies, using transgenic mice broadly expressing human AKR1B1 to human-relevant levels, mice devoid of Akr1b3, and pharmacological inhibitors of AR, we demonstrated that AR is an important component of myocardial I/R injury and that inhibition of this enzyme protects the heart from I/R injury. In this study, our objective was to investigate if AR modulates the β-catenin pathway and consequent activation of mesenchymal markers during I/R in the heart. To test this premise, we used two different experimental models: in vivo, Akr1b3 null mice and wild type C57BL/6 mice (WT) were exposed to acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by recovery for 48 hours or 28 days, and ex-vivo, WT and Akr1b3 null murine hearts were perfused using the Langendorff technique (LT) and subjected to 30 min of global (zero-flow) ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Our in vivo results reveal reduced infarct size and improved functional recovery at 48 hours in mice devoid of Akr1b3 compared to WT mice. We demonstrate that the cardioprotection observed in Akr1b3 null mice was linked to acute activation of the β-catenin pathway and consequent activation of mesenchymal markers and genes linked to fibrotic remodeling. The increased activity of the β-catenin pathway at 48 hours of recovery post-LAD was not observed at 28 days post-infarction, thus indicating that the observed increase in β-catenin activity was transient in the mice hearts devoid of Akr1b3. In ex vivo studies, inhibition of β-catenin blocked the cardioprotection observed in Akr1b3 null mice hearts. Taken together, these data indicate that AR suppresses acute activation of β-catenin and, thereby, blocks consequent induction of mesenchymal markers during early reperfusion after myocardial ischemia. Inhibition of AR might provide a therapeutic opportunity to optimize cardiac remodeling after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Thiagarajan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen O’ Shea
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gopalkrishna Sreejit
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Radha Ananthakrishnan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nosirudeen Quadri
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Qing Li
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Gabbay
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yim J, Cho H, Rabkin SW. Gene expression and gene associations during the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the Dahl salt sensitive model of hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 40:155-166. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1346113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Yim
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hyokeun Cho
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simon W. Rabkin
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Pan L, Sheng M, Huang Z, Zhu Z, Xu C, Teng L, He L, Gu C, Yi C, Li J. Zinc-finger protein 418 overexpression protects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186635. [PMID: 29065170 PMCID: PMC5655480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigated the effect and mechanism of zinc-finger protein 418 (ZNF418) on cardiac hypertrophy caused by aortic banding (AB), phenylephrine (PE) or angiotensin II (Ang II) in vivo and in vitro. Methods The expression of ZNF418 in hearts of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and AB-induced cardiac hypertrophy mice, as well as in Ang II- or PE-induced hypertrophic primary cardiomyocytes was detected by western blotting. Then, the expression of ZNF418 was up-regulated or down-regulated in AB-induced cardiac hypertrophy mice and Ang II -induced hypertrophic primary cardiomyocytes. The hypertrophic responses and fibrosis were evaluated by echocardiography and histological analysis. The mRNA levels of hypertrophy markers and fibrotic markers were detected by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, the phosphorylation and total levels of c-Jun were measured by western blotting. Results ZNF418 was markedly down-regulated in hearts of cardiac hypertrophy and hypertrophic primary cardiomyocytes. Down-regulated ZNF418 exacerbated the myocyte size and fibrosis, moreover increased the mRNA levels of ANP, BNP, β-MHC, MCIP1.4, collagen 1a, collagen III, MMP-2 and fibronection in hearts of AB-treated ZNF418 knockout mice or Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes with AdshZNF418. Conversely, these hypertrophic responses were reduced in the ZNF418 transgenic (TG) mice treated by AB and the AdZNF418-transfected primary cardiomyocytes treated by Ang II. Additionally, the deficiency of ZNF418 enhanced the phosphorylation level of c-jun, and overexpression of ZNF418 suppressed the phosphorylation level of c-jun in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion ZNF418 maybe attenuate hypertrophic responses by inhibiting the activity of c-jun/AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Mengting Sheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit(ICU), the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Zirui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Zhilin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Chunli Xu
- Department of Inspection office, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Lin Teng
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences of Three Gorges University/ Central People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Geriatrics, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Chen Gu
- Department of B ultrasound room, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Cai Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Junming Li
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
- * E-mail:
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38
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Mechanisms contributing to cardiac remodelling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2319-2345. [PMID: 28842527 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodelling is classified as physiological (in response to growth, exercise and pregnancy) or pathological (in response to inflammation, ischaemia, ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, biomechanical stress, excess neurohormonal activation and excess afterload). Physiological remodelling of the heart is characterized by a fine-tuned and orchestrated process of beneficial adaptations. Pathological cardiac remodelling is the process of structural and functional changes in the left ventricle (LV) in response to internal or external cardiovascular damage or influence by pathogenic risk factors, and is a precursor of clinical heart failure (HF). Pathological remodelling is associated with fibrosis, inflammation and cellular dysfunction (e.g. abnormal cardiomyocyte/non-cardiomyocyte interactions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy alterations, impairment of metabolism and signalling pathways), leading to HF. This review describes the key molecular and cellular responses involved in pathological cardiac remodelling.
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Suthahar N, Meijers WC, Silljé HHW, de Boer RA. From Inflammation to Fibrosis-Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Myocardial Tissue Remodelling and Perspectives on Differential Treatment Opportunities. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2017; 14:235-250. [PMID: 28707261 PMCID: PMC5527069 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-017-0343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we highlight the most important cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. We also discuss the interplay between inflammation and fibrosis in various precursors of heart failure (HF) and how such mechanisms can contribute to myocardial tissue remodelling and development of HF. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, many research articles attempt to elucidate different aspects of the interplay between inflammation and fibrosis. Cardiac inflammation and fibrosis are major pathophysiological mechanisms operating in the failing heart, regardless of HF aetiology. Currently, novel therapeutic options are available or are being developed to treat HF and these are discussed in this review. A progressive disease needs an aggressive management; however, existing therapies against HF are insufficient. There is a dynamic interplay between inflammation and fibrosis in various precursors of HF such as myocardial infarction (MI), myocarditis and hypertension, and also in HF itself. There is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets and develop advanced therapeutic strategies to combat the syndrome of HF. Understanding and describing the elements of the inflammatory and fibrotic pathways are essential, and specific drugs that target these pathways need to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Suthahar
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter C Meijers
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Shimizu T, Narang N, Chen P, Yu B, Knapp M, Janardanan J, Blair J, Liao JK. Fibroblast deletion of ROCK2 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93187. [PMID: 28679962 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is often associated with hypertension, little is known regarding its underlying pathophysiological mechanism. Here, we show that the actin cytoskeletal regulator, Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase-2 (ROCK2), is a critical mediator of LV diastolic dysfunction. In response to angiotensin II (Ang II), mutant mice with fibroblast-specific deletion of ROCK2 (ROCK2Postn-/-) developed less LV wall thickness and fibrosis, along with improved isovolumetric relaxation. This corresponded with decreased connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) expression in the hearts of ROCK2Postn-/- mice. Indeed, knockdown of ROCK2 in cardiac fibroblasts leads to decreased expression of CTGF and secretion of FGF2, and cardiomyocytes incubated with conditioned media from ROCK2-knockdown cardiac fibroblasts exhibited less hypertrophic response. In contrast, mutant mice with elevated fibroblast ROCK activity exhibited enhanced Ang II-stimulated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Clinically, higher leukocyte ROCK2 activity was observed in patients with diastolic dysfunction compared with age- and sex-matched controls, and correlated with higher grades of diastolic dysfunction by echocardiography. These findings indicate that fibroblast ROCK2 is necessary to cause cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through the induction CTGF and FGF2, and they suggest that targeting ROCK2 may have therapeutic benefits in patients with LV diastolic dysfunction.
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41
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Fibroblasts as maestros orchestrating tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:240-251. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts deposit and maintain extracellular matrix during organogenesis and under physiological conditions. In the adult heart, activated cardiac fibroblasts also participate in the healing response after acute myocardial infarction and during chronic disease states characterized by augmented interstitial fibrosis and ventricular remodelling. However, delineation of the characteristics, plasticity, and origins of cardiac fibroblasts is an area of ongoing investigation and controversy. A set of genetic mouse models has been developed that specifically addresses the nature of these cells, in terms of both their origins and their response during cardiac disease and ventricular remodelling. As our understanding of cardiac fibroblasts becomes more defined and refined, so does the potential to develop new therapeutic strategies to control fibrosis and adverse ventricular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Tallquist
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3026, USA.,The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
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Takano APC, Munhoz CD, Moriscot AS, Gupta S, Barreto-Chaves MLM. S100A8/MYD88/NF-қB: a novel pathway involved in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy driven by thyroid hormone. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:671-682. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Josowitz R, Mulero-Navarro S, Rodriguez NA, Falce C, Cohen N, Ullian EM, Weiss LA, Rauen KA, Sobie EA, Gelb BD. Autonomous and Non-autonomous Defects Underlie Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in BRAF-Mutant hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:355-369. [PMID: 27569062 PMCID: PMC5032183 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in BRAF cause cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFCS), whereby 40% of patients develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). As the role of the RAS/MAPK pathway in HCM pathogenesis is unclear, we generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) model for CFCS from three patients with activating BRAF mutations. By cell sorting for SIRPα and CD90, we generated a method to examine hiPSC-derived cell type-specific phenotypes and cellular interactions underpinning HCM. BRAF-mutant SIRPα+/CD90− cardiomyocytes displayed cellular hypertrophy, pro-hypertrophic gene expression, and intrinsic calcium-handling defects. BRAF-mutant SIRPα−/CD90+ cells, which were fibroblast-like, exhibited a pro-fibrotic phenotype and partially modulated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) paracrine signaling. Inhibition of TGFβ or RAS/MAPK signaling rescued the hypertrophic phenotype. Thus, cell autonomous and non-autonomous defects underlie HCM due to BRAF mutations. TGFβ inhibition may be a useful therapeutic option for patients with HCM due to RASopathies or other etiologies. Cardiomyocytes and fibroblast-like cells can be purified separately from EBs BRAF-mutant cardiomyocytes display hypertrophy and intrinsic Ca2+-handling defects BRAF-mutant fibroblast-like cells influence cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through TGFβ The hypertrophic phenotype can be rescued by TGFβ or RAS/MAPK inhibition
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Josowitz
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sonia Mulero-Navarro
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nelson A Rodriguez
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christine Falce
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ninette Cohen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Erik M Ullian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lauren A Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Katherine A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eric A Sobie
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Li N, Zhang F. Implication of sphingosin-1-phosphate in cardiovascular regulation. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:1296-313. [PMID: 27100508 DOI: 10.2741/4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite generated by phosphorylation of sphingosine catalyzed by sphingosine kinase. S1P acts mainly through its high affinity G-protein-coupled receptors and participates in the regulation of multiple systems, including cardiovascular system. It has been shown that S1P signaling is involved in the regulation of cardiac chronotropy and inotropy and contributes to cardioprotection as well as cardiac remodeling; S1P signaling regulates vascular function, such as vascular tone and endothelial barrier, and possesses an anti-atherosclerotic effect; S1P signaling is also implicated in the regulation of blood pressure. Therefore, manipulation of S1P signaling may offer novel therapeutic approaches to cardiovascular diseases. As several S1P receptor modulators and sphingosine kinase inhibitors have been approved or under clinical trials for the treatment of other diseases, it may expedite the test and implementation of these S1P-based drugs in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Cowling RT. A sobering reminder that heavy drinking and heart failure do not mix. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:150-2. [PMID: 27181054 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randy T Cowling
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
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47
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Takemoto Y, Ramirez RJ, Yokokawa M, Kaur K, Ponce-Balbuena D, Sinno MC, Willis BC, Ghanbari H, Ennis SR, Guerrero-Serna G, Henzi BC, Latchamsetty R, Ramos-Mondragon R, Musa H, Martins RP, Pandit SV, Noujaim SF, Crawford T, Jongnarangsin K, Pelosi F, Bogun F, Chugh A, Berenfeld O, Morady F, Oral H, Jalife J. Galectin-3 Regulates Atrial Fibrillation Remodeling and Predicts Catheter Ablation Outcomes. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2016; 1:143-154. [PMID: 27525318 PMCID: PMC4979747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) usually starts as paroxysmal but can evolve relentlessly to the persistent and permanent forms. However, the mechanisms governing such a transition are unknown. The authors show that intracardiac serum levels of galectin (Gal)-3 are greater in patients with persistent than paroxysmal AF and that Gal-3 independently predicts atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrences after a single ablation procedure. Using a sheep model of persistent AF the authors further demonstrate that upstream therapy targeting Gal-3 diminishes both electrical remodeling and fibrosis by impairing transforming growth factor beta–mediated signaling and reducing myofibroblast activation. Accordingly, Gal-3 inhibition therapy increases the probability of AF termination and reduces the overall burden of AF. Therefore the authors postulate that Gal-3 inhibition is a potential new upstream therapy to prevent AF progression. Intracardiac serum galectin (Gal)-3 levels are shown to be greater in patients with persistent than paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), and the Gal-3 level was an independent predictor of AF recurrences after a single ablation procedure. In a sheep model, the Gal-3 inhibitor GM-CT-01 (GMCT) reduced atrial fibroblast proliferation in vitro. GMCT mitigated atrial dilation, myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and the expected increase in DF during transition to persistent AF. GMCT-treated sheep hearts had longer action potential durations, and fewer rotors and wavebreaks during AF than control. GMCT increased the number of spontaneous AF terminations and reduced overall AF burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Takemoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rafael J Ramirez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Miki Yokokawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Daniela Ponce-Balbuena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mohamad C Sinno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - B Cicero Willis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hamid Ghanbari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Steven R Ennis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Guadalupe Guerrero-Serna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bettina C Henzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rakesh Latchamsetty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Roberto Ramos-Mondragon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hassan Musa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Raphael P Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sandeep V Pandit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sami F Noujaim
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Crawford
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Krit Jongnarangsin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Frank Pelosi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Frank Bogun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Aman Chugh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Omer Berenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Fred Morady
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hakan Oral
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - José Jalife
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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48
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Xie J, He G, Chen Q, Sun J, Dai Q, Lu J, Li G, Wu H, Li R, Chen J, Xu W, Xu B. Syndecan-4 Signaling Is Required for Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. Mol Med 2016; 22:192-201. [PMID: 26835698 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy can be broadly classified as either physiological or pathological. Physiological stimuli such as exercise cause adaptive cardiac hypertrophy and normal heart function. Pathological stimuli including hypertension and aortic valvular stenosis cause maladaptive cardiac remodeling and ultimately heart failure. Syndecan-4 (synd4) is a transmembrane proteoglycan identified as being involved in cardiac adaptation after injury, but whether it takes part in physiological cardiac hypertrophy is unclear. We observed upregulation of synd4 in exercise-induced hypertrophic myocardium. To evaluate the role of synd4 in the physiological form of cardiac hypertrophy, mice lacking synd4 (synd4-/-) were exercised by swimming for 4 wks. Ultrasonic cardiogram (UCG) and histological analysis revealed that swimming induced the hypertrophic phenotype but was blunted in synd4-/- compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The swimming-induced activation of Akt, a key molecule in physiological hypertrophy was also more decreased than in WT controls. In cultured cardiomyocytes, synd4 overexpression could induce cell enlargement, protein synthesis and distinct physiological molecular alternation. Akt activation also was observed in synd4-overexpressed cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) prevented the synd4-induced hypertrophic phenotype and Akt phosphorylation. This study identified an essential role of synd4 in mediation of physiological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guixin He
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayin Sun
- Department of VIP, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianrong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guannan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianzhou Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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49
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Extracellular matrix-mediated cellular communication in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:228-37. [PMID: 26778458 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic scaffold that maintains tissue structure and dynamics. However, the view of the ECM as an inert architectural support has been increasingly challenged. The ECM is a vibrant meshwork, a crucial organizer of cellular microenvironments. It plays a direct role in cellular interactions regulating cell growth, survival, spreading, proliferation, differentiation and migration through the intricate relationship among cellular and acellular tissue components. This complex interrelationship preserves cardiac function during homeostasis; however it is also responsible for pathologic remodeling following myocardial injury. Therefore, enhancing our understanding of this cross-talk may provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure and suggest new approaches to novel, targeted pharmacologic therapies. This review explores the implications of ECM-cell interactions in myocardial cell behavior and cardiac function at baseline and following myocardial injury.
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50
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White CI, Jansen MA, McGregor K, Mylonas KJ, Richardson RV, Thomson A, Moran CM, Seckl JR, Walker BR, Chapman KE, Gray GA. Cardiomyocyte and Vascular Smooth Muscle-Independent 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Amplifies Infarct Expansion, Hypertrophy, and the Development of Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:346-57. [PMID: 26465199 PMCID: PMC4701896 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Global deficiency of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), an enzyme that regenerates glucocorticoids within cells, promotes angiogenesis, and reduces acute infarct expansion after myocardial infarction (MI), suggesting that 11β-HSD1 activity has an adverse influence on wound healing in the heart after MI. The present study investigated whether 11β-HSD1 deficiency could prevent the development of heart failure after MI and examined whether 11β-HSD1 deficiency in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells confers this protection. Male mice with global deficiency in 11β-HSD1, or with Hsd11b1 disruption in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle (via SM22α-Cre recombinase), underwent coronary artery ligation for induction of MI. Acute injury was equivalent in all groups. However, by 8 weeks after induction of MI, relative to C57Bl/6 wild type, globally 11β-HSD1-deficient mice had reduced infarct size (34.7 ± 2.1% left ventricle [LV] vs 44.0 ± 3.3% LV, P = .02), improved function (ejection fraction, 33.5 ± 2.5% vs 24.7 ± 2.5%, P = .03) and reduced ventricular dilation (LV end-diastolic volume, 0.17 ± 0.01 vs 0.21 ± 0.01 mL, P = .01). This was accompanied by a reduction in hypertrophy, pulmonary edema, and in the expression of genes encoding atrial natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain. None of these outcomes, nor promotion of periinfarct angiogenesis during infarct repair, were recapitulated when 11β-HSD1 deficiency was restricted to cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. 11β-HSD1 expressed in cells other than cardiomyocytes or vascular smooth muscle limits angiogenesis and promotes infarct expansion with adverse ventricular remodeling after MI. Early pharmacological inhibition of 11β-HSD1 may offer a new therapeutic approach to prevent heart failure associated with ischemic heart disease.
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MESH Headings
- 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1/deficiency
- 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1/genetics
- 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Cardiomegaly/etiology
- Cardiomegaly/prevention & control
- Coronary Circulation
- Crosses, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/prevention & control
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Organ Size
- Pulmonary Edema/etiology
- Pulmonary Edema/prevention & control
- Stroke Volume
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I White
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran McGregor
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J Mylonas
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel V Richardson
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Thomson
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Carmel M Moran
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Seckl
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Brian R Walker
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E Chapman
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian A Gray
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science (C.I.W., M.A.J., K.M., K.J.M., R.V.R., C.M.M., J.R.S., B.R.W., K.E.C., G.A.G.), Queens Medical Research Institute, and Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (M.A.J., A.T., C.M.M.), College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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