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Wei T, Wang Q, Chen T, Zhou Z, Li S, Li Z, Zhang D. The possible association of mitochondrial fusion and fission in copper deficiency-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction of the heart. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 85:127483. [PMID: 38878467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As an essential trace element, Copper (Cu) participates in numerous physiological and biological reactions in the body. Cu is closely related to heart health, and an imbalance of Cu will cause cardiac dysfunction. The research aims to examine how Cu deficiency affects the heart, assess mitochondrial function in the hearts, and disclose possible mechanisms of its influence. METHODS Weaned mice were fed Cu-deficient diets and intraperitoneally given copper sulfate (CuSO4) to correct the Cu deficiency. The pathological change of the heart was assessed using histological inspection. Cardiac function and oxidative stress levels were evaluated by biochemical assay kits. ELISA and ATP detection kits were used to detect the levels of complexes I-IV in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) and ATP, respectively. Real time PCR was utilized to determine mRNA expressions, and Western blotting was adopted to determine protein expressions, of molecules related to mitochondrial fission and fusion. RESULTS Cu deficiency gave rise to elevated heart index, cardiac histological alterations and oxidation injury, increased serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) together with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) production, decreased the glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT) activities or contents. Besides, Cu deficiency caused mitochondrial damage characterized by decreased contents of complexes I-IV in the MRC and ATP in the heart. In the meantime, Cu deficiency also reduced protein and mRNA expressions of factors associated with mitochondrial fusion, including Mfn1 and Mfn2, while significantly increased factors Drip1 and Fis1 related to mitochondrial fission. However, adding CuSO4 improved the above changes significantly. CONCLUSION According to research results, Cu deficiency can cause heart damage in mice, along with oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are closely related to mitochondrial fusion and fission disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Wei
- Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Qinxu Wang
- Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Zhengfeng Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China.
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Pokharel MD, Fu P, Garcia-Flores A, Yegambaram M, Lu Q, Sun X, Unwalla H, Aggarwal S, Fineman JR, Wang T, Black SM. Inflammatory lung injury is associated with endothelial cell mitochondrial fission and requires the nitration of RhoA and cytoskeletal remodeling. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 221:125-135. [PMID: 38734269 PMCID: PMC11179967 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Higher levels of extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT), a TLR4 agonist, are associated with poor clinical outcomes in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Little is known regarding the mechanisms by which eNAMPT is involved in ALI. Our recent work has identified a crucial role for mitochondrial dysfunction in ALI. Thus, this study aimed to determine if eNAMPT-mediated inflammatory injury is associated with the loss of mitochondrial function. Our data show that eNAMPT disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics. This was associated with cytoskeleton remodeling and the loss of endothelial barrier integrity. These changes were associated with enhanced mitochondrial fission and blocked when Rho-kinase (ROCK) was inhibited. The increases in mitochondrial fission were also associated with the nitration-mediated activation of the small GTPase activator of ROCK, RhoA. Blocking RhoA nitration decreased eNAMPT-mediated mitochondrial fission and endothelial barrier dysfunction. The increase in fission was linked to a RhoA-ROCK mediated increase in Drp1 (dynamin-related protein 1) at serine(S)616. Another TLR4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also increased mitochondrial fission in a Drp1 and RhoA-ROCK-dependent manner. To validate our findings in vivo, we challenged C57BL/6 mice with eNAMPT in the presence and absence of the Drp1 inhibitor, Mdivi-1. Mdivi-1 treatment protected against eNAMPT-induced lung inflammation, edema, and lung injury. These studies demonstrate that mitochondrial fission-dependent disruption of mitochondrial function is essential in TLR4-mediated inflammatory lung injury and identify a key role for RhoA-ROCK signaling. Reducing mitochondrial fission could be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve ARDS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Pokharel
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, University Park, FL, USA
| | | | - Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, University Park, FL, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, University Park, FL, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, University Park, FL, USA
| | - Hoshang Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, University Park, FL, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, University Park, FL, USA.
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Singh G, Singh K, Sinha RA, Singh A, Khushi, Kumar A. Japanese encephalitis virus infection causes reactive oxygen species-mediated skeletal muscle damage. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39049535 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is a clinically proven pathology associated with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection; however, underlying factors that govern skeletal muscle damage are yet to be explored. The current study aims to investigate the pathobiology of skeletal muscle damage using a mouse model of JEV infection. Our study reveals a significant increment in viral copy number in skeletal muscle post-JEV infection, which is associated with enhanced skeletal muscle cell death. Molecular and biochemical analysis confirms NOX2-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to autophagy flux inhibition and cell apoptosis. Along with this, an alteration in mitochondrial dynamics (change in fusion and fission process) and a decrease in the total number of mitochondria copies were found during JEV disease progression. The study represents the initial evidence of skeletal muscle damage caused by JEV and provides insights into potential avenues for therapeutic advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Singh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Kulwant Singh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Khushi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
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Rudokas MW, McKay M, Toksoy Z, Eisen JN, Bögner M, Young LH, Akar FG. Mitochondrial network remodeling of the diabetic heart: implications to ischemia related cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:261. [PMID: 39026280 PMCID: PMC11264840 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in cellular energy metabolism, and their dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related cardiac pathophysiology, including vulnerability to ischemic events that culminate in myocardial infarction on the one hand and ventricular arrhythmias on the other. In diabetes, hyperglycemia and altered metabolic substrates lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria, initiating a cascade of oxidative stress that damages mitochondrial DNA, proteins, and lipids. This mitochondrial injury compromises the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, leading to impaired ATP production. The resulting energy deficit and oxidative damage contribute to functional abnormalities in cardiac cells, placing the heart at an increased risk of electromechanical dysfunction and irreversible cell death in response to ischemic insults. While cardiac mitochondria are often considered to be relatively autonomous entities in their capacity to produce energy and ROS, their highly dynamic nature within an elaborate network of closely-coupled organelles that occupies 30-40% of the cardiomyocyte volume is fundamental to their ability to exert intricate regulation over global cardiac function. In this article, we review evidence linking the dynamic properties of the mitochondrial network to overall cardiac function and its response to injury. We then highlight select studies linking mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations driven by changes in mitochondrial fission, fusion and mitophagy in promoting cardiac ischemic injury to the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Rudokas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Margaret McKay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University Schools of Engineering and Applied Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zeren Toksoy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia N Eisen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Markus Bögner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lawrence H Young
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fadi G Akar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University Schools of Engineering and Applied Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Electro-biology and Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, Yale University Schools of Medicine, Engineering and Applied Sciences, 300 George Street, 793 - 748C, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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Liu J, Huang Y, Qian T, Chen J, Ding Y, Lai Z, Zhong X, Lai M, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang H, Peng Y. Exploring the neuroprotective role of artesunate in mouse models of anti-NMDAR encephalitis: insights from molecular mechanisms and transmission electron microscopy. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:269. [PMID: 38745240 PMCID: PMC11094908 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01652-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathway involving PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and PARKIN plays a crucial role in mitophagy, a process activated by artesunate (ART). We propose that patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis exhibit insufficient mitophagy, and ART enhances mitophagy via the PINK1/PARKIN pathway, thereby providing neuroprotection. METHODS Adult female mice aged 8-10 weeks were selected to create a passive transfer model of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We conducted behavioral tests on these mice within a set timeframe. Techniques such as immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting were employed to assess markers including PINK1, PARKIN, LC3B, p62, caspase3, and cleaved caspase3. The TUNEL assay was utilized to detect neuronal apoptosis, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine mitochondrial autophagosomes. Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured, treated, and then analyzed through immunofluorescence for mtDNA, mtROS, TMRM. RESULTS In comparison to the control group, mitophagy levels in the experimental group were not significantly altered, yet there was a notable increase in apoptotic neurons. Furthermore, markers indicative of mitochondrial leakage and damage were found to be elevated in the experimental group compared to the control group, but these markers showed improvement following ART treatment. ART was effective in activating the PINK1/PARKIN pathway, enhancing mitophagy, and diminishing neuronal apoptosis. Behavioral assessments revealed that ART ameliorated symptoms in mice with anti-NMDAR encephalitis in the passive transfer model (PTM). The knockdown of PINK1 led to a reduction in mitophagy levels, and subsequent ART intervention did not alleviate symptoms in the anti-NMDAR encephalitis PTM mice, indicating that ART's therapeutic efficacy is mediated through the activation of the PINK1/PARKIN pathway. CONCLUSIONS At the onset of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, mitochondrial damage is observed; however, this damage is mitigated by the activation of mitophagy via the PINK1/PARKIN pathway. This regulatory feedback mechanism facilitates the removal of damaged mitochondria, prevents neuronal apoptosis, and consequently safeguards neural tissue. ART activates the PINK1/PARKIN pathway to enhance mitophagy, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects and may achieve therapeutic goals in treating anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yingyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Tinglin Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuewen Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhaohui Lai
- Department of Neurology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xinghua Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mingjun Lai
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Na J, Yang Z, Shi Q, Li C, Liu Y, Song Y, Li X, Zheng L, Fan Y. Extracellular matrix stiffness as an energy metabolism regulator drives osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:549-563. [PMID: 38434800 PMCID: PMC10909577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The biophysical factors of biomaterials such as their stiffness regulate stem cell differentiation. Energy metabolism has been revealed an essential role in stem cell lineage commitment. However, whether and how extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness regulates energy metabolism to determine stem cell differentiation is less known. Here, the study reveals that stiff ECM promotes glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and enhances antioxidant defense system during osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. Stiff ECM increases mitochondrial fusion by enhancing mitofusin 1 and 2 expression and inhibiting the dynamin-related protein 1 activity, which contributes to osteogenesis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) impacts glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial biosynthesis to regulate stiffness-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, glycolysis in turn regulates YAP activity through the cytoskeletal tension-mediated deformation of nuclei. Overall, our findings suggest that YAP is an important mechanotransducer to integrate ECM mechanical cues and energy metabolic signaling to affect the fate of MSCs. This offers valuable guidance to improve the scaffold design for bone tissue engineering constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Na
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiusheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lisha Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Pokharel MD, Garcia-Flores A, Marciano D, Franco MC, Fineman JR, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Black SM. Mitochondrial network dynamics in pulmonary disease: Bridging the gap between inflammation, oxidative stress, and bioenergetics. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103049. [PMID: 38295575 PMCID: PMC10844980 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Once thought of in terms of bioenergetics, mitochondria are now widely accepted as both the orchestrator of cellular health and the gatekeeper of cell death. The pulmonary disease field has performed extensive efforts to explore the role of mitochondria in regulating inflammation, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. However, a critical component of these processes needs to be more studied: mitochondrial network dynamics. Mitochondria morphologically change in response to their environment to regulate these processes through fusion, fission, and mitophagy. This allows mitochondria to adapt their function to respond to cellular requirements, a critical component in maintaining cellular homeostasis. For that reason, mitochondrial network dynamics can be considered a bridge that brings multiple cellular processes together, revealing a potential pathway for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we discuss the critical modulators of mitochondrial dynamics and how they are affected in pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), acute lung injury (ALI), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A dysregulated mitochondrial network plays a crucial role in lung disease pathobiology, and aberrant fission/fusion/mitophagy pathways are druggable processes that warrant further exploration. Thus, we also discuss the candidates for lung disease therapeutics that regulate mitochondrial network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Pokharel
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Flores
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | - David Marciano
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Maria C Franco
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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Yue AC, Zhou XD, Song HP, Liu XH, Bi MJ, Han W, Li Q. Effect and molecular mechanism of Sulforaphane alleviates brain damage caused by acute carbon monoxide poisoning:Network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, and experimental evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1140-1162. [PMID: 37860845 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) has attracted much attention due to its ability on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, while its functional targets and underlying mechanism of action on brain injury caused by acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we used a systematic network pharmacology approach to explore the mechanism of SFN in the treatment of brain damage after ACOP. In this study, the results of network pharmacology demonstrated that there were a total of 81 effective target genes of SFN and 36 drug-disease targets, which were strongly in connection with autophagy-animal signaling pathway, drug metabolism, and transcription disorders in cancer. Upon the further biological function and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis, a large number of them were involved in neuronal death, reactive oxygen metabolic processes and immune functions. Moreover, based on the results of bioinformatics prediction associated with multiple potential targets and pathways, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway was selected to elucidate the molecular mechanism of SFN in the treatment of brain injury caused by ACOP. The following molecular docking analysis also confirmed that SFN can bind to AMPKα well through chemical bonds. In addition, an animal model of ACOP was established by exposure to carbon monoxide in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber to verify the predicted results of network pharmacology. We found that the mitochondrial ultrastructure of neurons in rats with ACOP was seriously damaged, and apoptotic cells increased significantly. The histopathological changes were obviously alleviated, apoptosis of cortical neurons was inhibited, and the number of Nissl bodies was increased in the SFN group as compared with the ACOP group (p < .05). Besides, the administration of SFN could increase the expressions of phosphorylated P-AMPK and MFN2 proteins and decrease the levels of DRP1, Caspase3, and Casapase9 proteins in the brain tissue of ACOP rats. These findings suggest that network pharmacology is a useful tool for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research, SFN can effectively inhibit apoptosis, protect cortical neurons from the toxicity of carbon monoxide through activating the AMPK pathway and may become a potential therapeutic strategy for brain injury after ACOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Chun Yue
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ping Song
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Han Liu
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jun Bi
- Physical Examination Centre, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Wei H, Li J. A review on SIRT3 and its natural small molecule activators as a potential Preventive and therapeutic target. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176155. [PMID: 37914065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) were originally characterized by yeast Sir2 as a lifespan regulator that is conserved in all three structural domains of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes and belong to histone deacetylases consisting of seven members (SIRT1-SIRT7). Surprisingly, SIRTs have been shown to play important regulatory roles in almost all cellular functions, including mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell growth, energy metabolism, neural function, and stress resistance. Among the SIRT members, sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is one of the most important deacetylases that regulates the mitochondrial acetylation and plays a role in pathological processes, such as metabolism, DNA repair, oxidative stress, apoptosis and ferroptosis. Therefore, SIRT3 is considered as a potential target for the treatment of a variety of pathological diseases, including metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, age-related diseases and others. Furthermore, the isolation, screening, and development of SIRT3 signaling agonists, especially from natural products, have become a widely investigated objective. This paper describes the structure of SIRT3 protein, discusses the pathological process of SIRT3-mediated acetylation modification, and reviews the role of SIRT3 in diseases, SIRT3 activators and its related disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haidong Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, 150030, China.
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10
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Yegambaram M, Sun X, Lu Q, Jin Y, Ornatowski W, Soto J, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Tieu K, Gu H, Fineman JR, Black SM. Mitochondrial hyperfusion induces metabolic remodeling in lung endothelial cells by modifying the activities of electron transport chain complexes I and III. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:183-194. [PMID: 37979892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease with vascular remodeling as a critical structural alteration. We have previously shown that metabolic reprogramming is an early initiating mechanism in animal models of PH. This metabolic dysregulation has been linked to remodeling the mitochondrial network to favor fission. However, whether the mitochondrial fission/fusion balance underlies the metabolic reprogramming found early in PH development is unknown. METHODS Utilizing a rat early model of PH, in conjunction with cultured pulmonary endothelial cells (PECs), we utilized metabolic flux assays, Seahorse Bioassays, measurements of electron transport chain (ETC) complex activity, fluorescent microscopy, and molecular approaches to investigate the link between the disruption of mitochondrial dynamics and the early metabolic changes that occur in PH. RESULTS We observed increased fusion mediators, including Mfn1, Mfn2, and Opa1, and unchanged fission mediators, including Drp1 and Fis1, in a two-week monocrotaline-induced PH animal model (early-stage PH). We were able to establish a connection between increases in fusion mediator Mfn1 and metabolic reprogramming. Using an adenoviral expression system to enhance Mfn1 levels in pulmonary endothelial cells and utilizing 13C-glucose labeled substrate, we found increased production of 13C lactate and decreased TCA cycle metabolites, revealing a Warburg phenotype. The use of a 13C5-glutamine substrate showed evidence that hyperfusion also induces oxidative carboxylation. The increase in glycolysis was linked to increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein levels secondary to the disruption of cellular bioenergetics and higher levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mt-ROS). The elevation in mt-ROS correlated with attenuated ETC complexes I and III activities. Utilizing a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant to suppress mt-ROS, limited HIF-1α protein levels, which reduced cellular glycolysis and reestablished mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS Our data connects mitochondrial fusion-mediated mt-ROS to the Warburg phenotype in early-stage PH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | | | - Jamie Soto
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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11
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Bhullar SK, Dhalla NS. Status of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation during the Development of Heart Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1941. [PMID: 38001794 PMCID: PMC10669359 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are specialized organelles, which serve as the "Power House" to generate energy for maintaining heart function. These organelles contain various enzymes for the oxidation of different substrates as well as the electron transport chain in the form of Complexes I to V for producing ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Several studies have shown depressed OXPHOS activity due to defects in one or more components of the substrate oxidation and electron transport systems which leads to the depletion of myocardial high-energy phosphates (both creatine phosphate and ATP). Such changes in the mitochondria appear to be due to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and Ca2+-handling abnormalities in the failing heart. Although some investigations have failed to detect any changes in the OXPHOS activity in the failing heart, such results appear to be due to a loss of Ca2+ during the mitochondrial isolation procedure. There is ample evidence to suggest that mitochondrial Ca2+-overload occurs, which is associated with impaired mitochondrial OXPHOS activity in the failing heart. The depression in mitochondrial OXPHOS activity may also be due to the increased level of reactive oxygen species, which are formed as a consequence of defects in the electron transport complexes in the failing heart. Various metabolic interventions which promote the generation of ATP have been reported to be beneficial for the therapy of heart failure. Accordingly, it is suggested that depression in mitochondrial OXPHOS activity plays an important role in the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
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12
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Guo J, Ye W, Wu X, Huang H, Li B, Sun Z, Ren Z, Yang Z. TNF-α activates RELA expression via TNFRSF1B to upregulate OPA1 expression and inhibit chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:430. [PMID: 37312126 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines mediating the local inflammatory process in joints, inhibits cartilage formation and has a detrimental effect on stem cell-based cartilage regeneration for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the mechanisms behind this inhibitory effect are still poorly understood. Mitochondrial morphological changes mediated by mitochondrial fusion and fission are highly plastic, are quite sensitive to environmental stimuli and play a crucial role in maintaining cell structure and function. In our study, chondrogenic differentiated human adipose stem cells (hADSCs) were exposed to TNF-α and the effect of TNF-α on the ability of hADSCs to chondrogenic differentiate and on mitochondrial fusion and fission was observed and analyzed. The aim was to investigate the role and mechanisms of mitochondrial fusion and fission regulation in the chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs under normal conditions and under exposure to TNF-α. METHODS We used flow cytometry to identify hADSCs immunophenotypes CD29, CD44, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. Alcian blue staining and Sirius red staining were used to observe the formation of proteoglycans and collagen during the chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the cartilage formation marker SOX9, type II collagen (COL2A1), and Aggrecan were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot, respectively. The fluorescent probes MitoTracker® Red CMXRos and JC-1 were used to visualize mitochondria morphology and detect mitochondrial membrane electricity (MMP). Affymetrix PrimeView™ chips were used for gene expression profiling. RESULTS The results showed that the chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs was inhibited in the presence of TNF-α that optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) expression was significantly upregulated and mitochondria were prolonged and interconnected during this process. Gene microarray and RT-qPCR data showed that the presence of TNF-α led to increased expression of TNFα receptor 2 (TNFRSF1B) and RELA during chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs. CONCLUSIONS TNF-α inhibits chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells by activating RELA expression through TNFRSF1B upregulating OPA1 expression thereby increasing mitochondrial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Guo
- Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Wang Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinglin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhijing Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China.
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13
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Barbero NM, Oller J, Sanz AB, Ramos AM, Ortiz A, Ruiz-Ortega M, Rayego-Mateos S. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Cardio-Renal Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098209. [PMID: 37175915 PMCID: PMC10179675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD). The risk of all-cause mortality increases from 20% to 500% in patients who suffer both conditions; this is referred to as the so-called cardio-renal syndrome (CRS). Preclinical studies have described the key role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular and renal diseases, suggesting that maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is a promising therapeutic strategy for CRS. In this review, we explore the malfunction of mitochondrial homeostasis (mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, oxidative stress, and mitophagy) and how it contributes to the development and progression of the main vascular pathologies that could be affected by kidney injury and vice versa, and how this knowledge may guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mendez Barbero
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Oller
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz
- Spain Nephrology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian M Ramos
- Spain Nephrology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Spain Nephrology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Guan X, Li W, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Yu X, Jiang J, Bian W, Xu C, Sun Y, Zhang C. The mechanism of rh-endostatin-induced cardiotoxicity and its protection by dihydromyricetin[in vivo/in vitro, C57BL/6 mice, AC16 and hiPSC-CMs]. Toxicol Lett 2023; 377:29-37. [PMID: 36739041 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin) is an anti-angiogenic drug, which is used for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other cancers. However, its side effects, especially the cardiotoxicity with unclear mechanisms limit its wide application in clinical practice. In this study, human cardiomyocyte cell line AC16 and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) treated with different doses of rh-endostatin were used to analyze its effect on cardiac cell toxicity. The results revealed that rh-endostatin dose-dependently enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through Apaf-1 apoptotic factor and apoptosis-related proteins such as p53. rh-endostatin-induced changes of mitochondrial function and mitophagy were involved in rh-endostatin-mediated cardiac cell toxicity. Rh-endostatin-induced cardiotoxicity was further verified in vivo in mice. Interestingly, Rh-endostatin-induced cardiotoxicity was inhibited by dihydromyricetin (DHM) both in cultured cells in vitro and in mouse hearts in vivo. The study provides new inside into rh-endostatin-induced cardiotoxicity and identified a novel potential medication DHM to overcome the serious adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Guan
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wuquan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Shandong Simcere Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Xinru Yu
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Weihua Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yeying Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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15
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Singh G, Kumar A. Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection Causes an Imbalance in the Activation of Mitochondrial Fusion/Fission Genes and Triggers the Activation of NOX2-mediated Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Cell Death. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2196-2205. [PMID: 36856962 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria dysfunction may be an important contributor to Japanese encephalitis (JE) viral infection disease pathogenesis. In the current study, we define whether changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (which is the biomarker for mitochondrial function) and alteration in mitochondria dynamics (fusion and fission) contribute to the pathology of the JE virus in vivo mice model. We found decreased mitochondria copy number, reduced activation of mitochondrial fission (FIS1/DRP1), and increased activation of mitochondrial fusion (MFN1/MFN2/OPA1) genes that are associated with increased NOX2-mediated ROS generation and neuronal cell death following JE virus infection. Furthermore, we found that antioxidant glutathione level decreases. In summary, the following study demonstrates that JE viral infection causes an imbalance in mitochondrial fission/fusion gene activation and promotes NOX2-mediated oxidative stress and cell death, suggesting that intervention in mitochondrial dynamics might be a potential therapeutic strategy for combating oxidative stress and inflammatory process in JE viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Singh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
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16
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Wang L, Tang XQ, Shi Y, Li HM, Meng ZY, Chen H, Li XH, Chen YC, Liu H, Hong Y, Xu HH, Liu L, Zhao L, Han WN, Liu X, Zhang Y. Tetrahydroberberrubine retards heart aging in mice by promoting PHB2-mediated mitophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:332-344. [PMID: 35948750 PMCID: PMC9889783 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart aging is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, which in turn induces a variety of cardiovascular diseases. There is still no therapeutic drug to ameliorate cardiac abnormities in heart aging. In this study we investigated the protective effects of berberine (BBR) and its derivative tetrahydroberberrubine (THBru) against heart aging process. Heart aging was induced in mice by injection of D-galactose (D-gal, 120 mg · kg-1 · d-1, sc.) for 12 weeks. Meanwhile the mice were orally treated with berberine (50 mg · kg-1 · d-1) or THBru (25, 50 mg · kg-1 · d-1) for 12 weeks. We showed that BBR and THBru treatment significantly mitigated diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodeling in D-gal-induced aging mice. Furthermore, treatment with BBR (40 μM) and THBru (20, 40 μM) inhibited D-gal-induced senescence in primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes in vitro. Overall, THBru exhibited higher efficacy than BBR at the same dose. We found that the levels of mitophagy were significantly decreased during the aging process in vivo and in vitro, THBru and BBR promoted mitophagy with different potencies. We demonstrated that the mitophagy-inducing effects of THBru resulted from increased mRNA stability of prohibitin 2 (PHB2), a pivotal factor during mitophagy, thereby upregulating PHB2 protein expression. Knockdown of PHB2 effectively reversed the antisenescence effects of THBru in D-gal-treated cardiomyocytes. On the contrary, overexpression of PHB2 promoted mitophagy and retarded cardiomyocyte senescence, as THBru did. In conclusion, this study identifies THBru as a potent antiaging medicine that induces PHB2-mediated mitophagy and suggests its clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xue-Qing Tang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zi-Yu Meng
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yong-Chao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Heng-Hui Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wei-Na Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU070, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU070, Harbin, 150081, China.
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, 150081, China.
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17
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Chen Y, Zhao Y, Miao C, Yang L, Wang R, Chen B, Zhang Q. Quercetin alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency in mice by reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and pyroptosis in granulosa cells. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:138. [PMID: 36572950 PMCID: PMC9793602 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to cyclophosphamide (CTX) induces premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Quercetin is a natural flavonoid that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and its antioxidant activity is correlated with POI. However, the mechanism underlying its protective role in CTX-induced ovarian dysfunction is unclear. This study aimed to explore whether quercetin can protect ovarian reserves by activating mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibiting pyroptosis. METHODS Thirty-six female C57BL/6 mice were randomly subdivided into six groups. Except for the control group, all groups were injected with 90 mg/kg CTX to establish a POI model and further treated with coenzyme 10 or various doses of quercetin. The mice were sacrificed 48 h after 10 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin was injected four weeks after treatments. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect serum hormone expression and light and transmission electron microscopy to assess ovarian tissue morphology and mitochondria. Additionally, we tested oxidant and antioxidant levels in ovarian tissues and mitochondrial function in granulosa cells (GCs). The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and pyroptosis-related proteins and mRNA was analyzed using western blotting and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Quercetin elevated serum anti-Müllerian hormone, estradiol, and progesterone levels, decreased serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, and alleviated ovarian pathology. It reduced the mitochondrial DNA content and mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, it upregulated ATP levels and the mRNA and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A, and superoxide dismutase 2. In addition, it suppressed NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3, caspase-1, interleukin-1β, and gasdermin D levels in the GCs of POI mice. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin protected the ovarian reserve from CTX-induced ovarian damage by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction and activating mitochondrial biogenesis via the PGC1-α pathway. Moreover, quercetin may improve ovarian functions by downregulating pyroptosis in the CTX-induced POI model. Thus, quercetin can be considered a potential agent for treating POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Ying Zhao
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Chenyun Miao
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Ruye Wang
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Bixia Chen
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Qin Zhang
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 453 Tiyuchang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007 Zhejiang Province China
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Ke S, Zhu W, Lan Z, Zhang Y, Mo L, Zhu G, Liu L. Cinnamaldehyde regulates mitochondrial quality against hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in mouse lung mesenchymal stem cells via the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14045. [PMID: 36340192 PMCID: PMC9632461 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal respiratory disease without effective treatments. Mitochondrial dysfunction weakens the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to repair the distal lung epithelium, which is a probable pathogenesis of IPF. In previous research, we found that cinnamaldehyde (CA) can maintain the mitochondrial morphology of MSCs. Methods This present study evaluated the effect and mechanism of CA on murine lung MSCs using the hydrogen peroxide model. Antioxidant effects and mitochondrial function were determined using flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of mitochondrial dynamics and the expressions of autophagy-related proteins were also detected. Results CA can increase the levels of SOD, MMP and ATP, decrease the rate of ROS and apoptosis, and restore the mitochondrial structure. CA can also improve the mRNA expression of MFN1, MFN2, FIS1, DRP1, OPA1, and PGC-1α, increase the expression of LC3 II and p62 and promote the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated that CA can control mitochondrial quality and avoid apoptosis, which may be associated with the regulation of the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Ke
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihui Lan
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuanbing Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lisha Mo
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoshuang Zhu
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liangji Liu
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Resveratrol Reestablishes Mitochondrial Quality Control in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Sirt1/Sirt3-Mfn2-Parkin-PGC-1α Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175545. [PMID: 36080311 PMCID: PMC9457908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in various plants. It has been widely studied on cardiovascular disorders. It is known that resveratrol can activate Sirtuin proteins and participate in cellular energy metabolism through a Sirtuin-dependent pathway. Here, we hypothesized that resveratrol may protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) through the target of Sirt1/Sirt3 on mitochondrial dynamics, cardiac autophagy, bioenergetics and oxidative damage in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. We observed that resveratrol could activate the Sirt1/Sirt3-FoxO pathway on myocardial mitochondria in H/R cardiomyocytes. Subsequently, we found that resveratrol repaired the fission–fusion balance, autophagic flux and mitochondrial biosynthesis compared by H/R group. These changes were followed by increased functional mitochondrial number, mitochondrial bioenergetics and a better mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme system. Meanwhile, these effects were antagonized by co-treatment with Selisistat (Ex527), a Sirtuin inhibitor. Together, our findings uncover the potential contribution of resveratrol in reestablishing a mitochondrial quality control network with Parkin, Mfn2 and PGC-1α as the key nodes.
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Uzun M, Oztopuz O, Eroglu HA, Doganlar O, Doganlar ZB, Ovali MA, Demir U, Buyuk B. Melatonin Improves Left Ventricular Mitochondrial Dynamics in Rats. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dexmedetomidine Can Enhance PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy in MPTP-Induced PD Mice Model by Activating AMPK. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7511393. [PMID: 35528513 PMCID: PMC9068320 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7511393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Our previous study has shown that dexmedetomidine (Dex) can protect mitochondrial function and reduce apoptosis in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Evidences have shown that mitophagy is related to the development of PD. In this study, we investigated whether Dex can enhance mitophagy in MPTP-induced mice to play a neuroprotective effect. In our experiment, mice were injected with MPTP 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days to establish a PD subacute model. Dex (30, 50, and 100 μg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before each injection of MPTP, respectively. Our results showed that Dex (50 μg/kg) most significantly attenuated MPTP-induced motor dysfunction and restored TH-positive neurons in the SN, increased the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, and decreased the expression of apoptotic proteins cleaved casepase3, cleaved casepase9, and Bax. Moreover, Dex increased the activity of mitochondrial Complexes I-IV and decreased the level of oxidative stress, manifesting as decreased MDA levels and increased SOD and GSH-PX levels. Besides, under transmission electron microscopy, Dex increased the mitophagosome which is an autophagosome with a mitochondrion-like structure inside under the electron microscope. In addition, Dex could also increase the expression of mitophagy-related proteins p-AMPK, LC3II/I, PINK1, and Parkin and decrease P62. However, after using Compound C (CC, 10 mg/kg, AMPK inhibitor), the effects of Dex on increasing PINK1/Parkin-induced mitophagy and neuroprotection were attenuated. In conclusion, Dex may improve mitochondrial function by activating AMPK to enhance PINK1/Parkin-induced mitophagy, thereby protecting dopaminergic neurons.
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Hypoxia Acclimation Protects against Heart Failure Postacute Myocardial Infarction via Fundc1-Mediated Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8192552. [PMID: 35422895 PMCID: PMC9005280 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8192552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is the main cause of heart failure (HF) postacute myocardial infarction (AMI). Hypoxia acclimation (HA) reduces efficiently the area of AMI caused by ischemia and/or reperfusion and delays HF. Here, we examined whether HA improves mitochondrial structure and function through the hypoxic autophagy receptor FUNDC1 to prevent HF post-AMI. Male adult mice were acclimated in a low-pressure hypoxic animal chamber (11% oxygen (O2)) for 8 h/day for 28 days, and then, an induced HF post-AMI model via left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation was structured to explore the efficacy and mechanism of HA. Our results showed that HA exposure can improve cardiac structure and function in mice with HF post-AMI and protected myocardial mitochondrial morphology and function. Further studies showed that HA increased the expression of Fundc1 protein and its associated mitophagy protein LC3 in myocardial tissue after infarction. We then established a cellular model of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro, and knockdown of FUNDC1 attenuated the protective effect of HA exposed on cardiomyocyte mitochondria and increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, the protective effect of HA on HF post-AMI is achieved by regulating Fundc1-mediated mitophagy in myocardial tissue. FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy could be a promising strategy to treat cardiovascular diseases, including HF.
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Tang H, Zheng Z, Wang H, Wang L, Zhao G, Wang P. Vitamin K2 Modulates Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine in SH-SY5Y Cells via Mitochondrial Quality-Control Loop. Nutrients 2022; 14:1504. [PMID: 35406117 PMCID: PMC9003256 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K2, a natural fat-soluble vitamin, is a potent neuroprotective molecule, owing to its antioxidant effect, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we stimulated SH-SY5Y cells with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in a proper dose-dependent manner, followed by a treatment of vitamin K2. In the presence of 6-OHDA, cell viability was reduced, the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased. Moreover, the treatment of 6-OHDA promoted mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and abnormal mitochondrial fission and fusion. However, vitamin K2 significantly suppressed 6-OHDA-induced changes. Vitamin K2 played a significant part in apoptosis by upregulating and downregulating Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions, respectively, which inhibited mitochondrial depolarization, and ROS accumulation to maintain mitochondrial structure and functional stabilities. Additionally, vitamin K2 significantly inhibited the 6-OHDA-induced downregulation of the MFN1/2 level and upregulation of the DRP1 level, respectively, and this enabled cells to maintain the dynamic balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission. Furthermore, vitamin K2 treatments downregulated the expression level of p62 and upregulated the expression level of LC3A in 6-OHDA-treated cells via the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway, thereby promoting mitophagy. Moreover, it induced mitochondrial biogenesis in 6-OHDA damaged cells by promoting the expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM. These indicated that vitamin K2 can release mitochondrial damage, and that this effect is related to the participation of vitamin K2 in the regulation of the mitochondrial quality-control loop, through the maintenance of the mitochondrial quality-control system, and repair mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby alleviating neuronal cell death mediated by mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfang Tang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
- Science Island Branch of Graduate, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhiming Zheng
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Genhai Zhao
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- CAS (Hefei) Institute of Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, China
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Huang J, Wu R, Chen L, Yang Z, Yan D, Li M. Understanding Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity From Mitochondrial Aspect. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:811406. [PMID: 35211017 PMCID: PMC8861498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.811406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, represent one group of chemotherapy drugs with the most cardiotoxicity. Despite that anthracyclines are capable of treating assorted solid tumors and hematological malignancies, the side effect of inducing cardiac dysfunction has hampered their clinical use. Currently, the mechanism underlying anthracycline cardiotoxicity remains obscure. Increasing evidence points to mitochondria, the energy factory of cardiomyocytes, as a major target of anthracyclines. In this review, we will summarize recent findings about mitochondrial mechanism during anthracycline cardiotoxicity. In particular, we will focus on the following aspects: 1) the traditional view about anthracycline-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is produced by mitochondria, but in turn causes mitochondrial injury. 2) Mitochondrial iron-overload and ferroptosis during anthracycline cardiotoxicity. 3) Autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics during anthracycline cardiotoxicity. 4) Anthracycline-induced disruption of cardiac metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Huang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rundong Wu
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyi Chen
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Yang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daoguang Yan
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Chowdhury R. Mitophagy and oral cancers. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2022; 13:11-19. [PMID: 35911821 PMCID: PMC9326198 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_123_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a progressive process that selectively targets weakened, old and damaged mitochondria, by an autophagic pathway, causing its destruction. Mitophagy maintains normal cellular physiology and tissue development, thereby controlling the cohesiveness of the mitochondrial pool. The mechanisms of mitophagy, tumorogenesis, and cell death are usually interrelated with each other and could be initiated by definite stressful conditions like hypoxia and nutrient starvation, which leads to the overall reduction in mitochondrial mass. This impedes the production of reactive oxygen species, and conserves nutrition, leading to cell survival in such extreme conditions. The inability to harmonize and regulate mitochondrial outcome in response to oncogenic stress can either stimulate or suppress tumorogenesis. Therefore, the relationship between mitophagy, tumorogenesis, and cell death plays an important role in the identification of potential targets of cell death and selective wiping out of cancer cells. This review portrays the mechanism of mitophagy, along with its role in cancers especially on oral cancers, and its importance in cancer therapeutics.
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26
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Sasset L, Di Lorenzo A. Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling in Endothelial Cell Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:87-117. [PMID: 35503177 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium, inner layer of blood vessels, constitutes a metabolically active paracrine, endocrine, and autocrine organ, able to sense the neighboring environment and exert a variety of biological functions important to preserve the health of vasculature, tissues, and organs. Sphingolipids are both fundamental structural components of the eukaryotic membranes and signaling molecules regulating a variety of biological functions. Ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), bioactive sphingolipids, have emerged as important regulators of cardiovascular functions in health and disease. In this review we discuss recent insights into the role of ceramide and S1P biosynthesis and signaling in regulating endothelial cell functions, in health and diseases. We also highlight advances into the mechanisms regulating serine palmitoyltransferase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, with an emphasis on its inhibitors, ORMDL and NOGO-B. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis may provide the foundation for therapeutic modulation of this pathway in a variety of conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, associated with derangement of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sasset
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feil Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annarita Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feil Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Cox-2 Antagonizes the Protective Effect of Sevoflurane on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis through Inhibiting the Akt Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:4114593. [PMID: 34917200 PMCID: PMC8670977 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4114593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To uncover the protective role of sevoflurane on hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Methods An in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was established in cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2. Sevoflurane (SEV) was administrated in H9c2 cells during the reoxygenation period. Viability, layered double hydroxide (LDH) release, and apoptosis in H9c2 cells were determined to assess H/R-induced cell damage. Relative levels of apoptosis-associated genes were examined. Moreover, phosphorylation of Akt was determined. Results H/R injury declined viability and enhanced LDH release and apoptotic rate in H9c2 cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) was upregulated following H/R injury, which was partially reversed by SEV treatment. In addition, SEV treatment reversed changes in viability and LDH release owing to H/R injury in H9c2 cells, which were further aggravated by overexpression of Cox-2. The Akt pathway was inhibited in H9c2 cells overexpressing Cox-2. Conclusions Sevoflurane protects cardiomyocyte damage following H/R via the Akt pathway, and its protective effect was abolished by overexpression of Cox-2.
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28
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Guo J, Chiang WC. Mitophagy in aging and longevity. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:296-316. [PMID: 34889504 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The clearance of damaged or unwanted mitochondria by autophagy (also known as mitophagy) is a mitochondrial quality control mechanism postulated to play an essential role in cellular homeostasis, metabolism, and development and confers protection against a wide range of diseases. Proper removal of damaged or unwanted mitochondria is essential for organismal health. Defects in mitophagy are associated with Parkinson's, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and other degenerative disorders. Mitochondria regulate organismal fitness and longevity via multiple pathways, including cellular senescence, stem cell function, inflammation, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), and bioenergetics. Thus, mitophagy is postulated to be pivotal for maintaining organismal healthspan and lifespan and the protection against aged-related degeneration. In this review, we will summarize recent understanding of the mechanism of mitophagy and aspects of mitochondrial functions. We will focus on mitochondria-related cellular processes that are linked to aging and examine current genetic evidence that supports the hypothesis that mitophagy is a pro-longevity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Chiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Uchikado Y, Ikeda Y, Sasaki Y, Iwabayashi M, Akasaki Y, Ohishi M. Association of Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 With Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Impacts Mitochondrial Quality Control, Offering Promise for the Treatment of Vascular Senescence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:788655. [PMID: 34869701 PMCID: PMC8637926 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.788655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) causes vascular senescence and atherosclerosis. It has been reported that ox-LDL scavenger receptor-1 (LOX-1) is associated with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). While mitochondria play a crucial role in the development of vascular senescence and atherosclerosis, they also undergo quality control through mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy. The aim of this study was to investigate (1) whether LOX-1 associates with AT1R, (2) if this regulates mitochondrial quality control, and (3) whether AT1R inhibition using Candesartan might ameliorate ox-LDL-induced vascular senescence. We performed in vitro and in vivo experiments using vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and C57BL/6 and apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE KO) mice. Administration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to VSMCs induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence accompanied by excessive mitochondrial fission, due to the activation of fission factor Drp1, which was derived from the activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Administration of either Drp1 inhibitor, mdivi-1, or AT1R blocker candesartan attenuated these alterations. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry of the co-localization of LAMP2 with TOMM20 signal showed that AT1R inhibition also increased mitochondrial autophagy, but this was not affected by Atg7 deficiency. Conversely, AT1R inhibition increased the co-localization of LAMP2 with Rab9 signal. Moreover, AT1R inhibition-induced mitochondrial autophagy was abolished by Rab9 deficiency, suggesting that AT1R signaling modulated mitochondrial autophagy derived from Rab9-dependent alternative autophagy. Inhibition of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway also decreased the excessive mitochondrial fission, and Rab9-dependent mitochondrial autophagy, suggesting that AT1R signaling followed the Raf/MEK/ERK axis modulated both mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy. The degree of mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species production, vascular senescence, atherosclerosis, and the number of fragmented mitochondria accompanied by Drp1 activation were all higher in ApoE KO mice than in C57BL/6 mice. These detrimental alterations were successfully restored, and mitochondrial autophagy was upregulated with the administration of candesartan to ApoE KO mice. The association of LOX-1 with AT1R was found to play a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial quality control, as cellular/vascular senescence is induced by ox-LDL, and AT1R inhibition improves the adverse effects of ox-LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Uchikado
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Akasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Srinivasan K, Pandey AK, Livingston A, Venkatesh S. Roles of host mitochondria in the development of COVID-19 pathology: Could mitochondria be a potential therapeutic target? MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:38. [PMID: 34841263 PMCID: PMC8608434 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 and its spread worldwide caused an acute pandemic of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Since then, COVID-19 has been under intense scrutiny as its outbreak led to significant changes in healthcare, social activities, and economic settings worldwide. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor is shown to be the primary port of SARS-CoV-2 entry in cells, the mechanisms behind the establishment and pathologies of COVID-19 are poorly understood. As recent studies have shown that host mitochondria play an essential role in virus-mediated innate immune response, pathologies, and infection, in this review, we will discuss in detail the entry and progression of SARS-CoV-2 and how mitochondria could play roles in COVID-19 disease. We will also review the potential interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondria and discuss possible treatments, including whether mitochondria as a potential therapeutic target in COVID-19. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial interactions mediated virus establishment, inflammation, and other consequences may provide a unique mechanism and conceptual advancement in finding a novel treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Srinivasan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers -New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ USA
- New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers -New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ USA
| | | | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers -New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ USA
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Zhang J, Hao X, Chi R, Qi J, Xu T. Moderate mechanical stress suppresses the IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7504-7515. [PMID: 33821497 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to osteoarthritis (OA) onset and progress. Mitochondrial dynamics, coupled with mitophagy, is critical for the maintenance of mitochondrial fitness, involving many cellular processes, such as proliferation and apoptosis. Excessive mechanical stress induces chondrocyte apoptosis; however, the effects of mechanical stress on mitochondrial dynamics remain elusive. In this study, we performed fluorescence staining, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscope, Western blot analysis, and RNA-sequencing to assess the effects of different strength of mechanical stimulation on mitochondrial functions of chondrocyte treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β). We found that moderate mechanical stress reduced the IL-1β-induced apoptosis by maintaining mitochondrial function and scavenging the reactive oxygen species, while excessive mechanical stress induced strong mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Moreover, RNAsequencing revealed that mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics were involved in the regulation of mechanical stress on chondrocyte biology. In addition to the elevated mitophagy, moderate mechanical stress also promoted mitochondrial dynamics by enhancing the expression of MFN1/2 and OPA1 and the translocation of dynamin-related protein 1 from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. However, an uncoupling of mitochondrial dynamics, characterized by strongly elevated fission, resulted in the unfavorable apoptosis of excessive mechanical stress-stimulated chondrocytes. This study revealed the effects of mechanical stress upon mitochondrial dynamics in chondrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruimin Chi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Aung LHH, Jumbo JCC, Wang Y, Li P. Therapeutic potential and recent advances on targeting mitochondrial dynamics in cardiac hypertrophy: A concise review. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:416-443. [PMID: 34484866 PMCID: PMC8405900 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy begins as an adaptive response to increased workload; however, sustained hemodynamic stress will lead it to maladaptation and eventually cardiac failure. Mitochondria, being the powerhouse of the cells, can regulate cardiac hypertrophy in both adaptive and maladaptive phases; they are dynamic organelles that can adjust their number, size, and shape through a process called mitochondrial dynamics. Recently, several studies indicate that promoting mitochondrial fusion along with preventing mitochondrial fission could improve cardiac function during cardiac hypertrophy and avert its progression toward heart failure. However, some studies also indicate that either hyperfusion or hypo-fission could induce apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge regarding the effects of mitochondrial dynamics on the development and progression of cardiac hypertrophy with particular emphasis on the regulatory role of mitochondrial dynamics proteins through the genetic, epigenetic, and post-translational mechanisms, followed by discussing the novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dynamic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,Center for Bioinformatics, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Juan Carlos Cueva Jumbo
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Nanobody Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,Center for Bioinformatics, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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Chiang S, Braidy N, Maleki S, Lal S, Richardson DR, Huang MLH. Mechanisms of impaired mitochondrial homeostasis and NAD + metabolism in a model of mitochondrial heart disease exhibiting redox active iron accumulation. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102038. [PMID: 34416478 PMCID: PMC8379503 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high redox activity of the mitochondrion, this organelle can suffer oxidative stress. To manage energy demands while minimizing redox stress, mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained by the dynamic processes of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial network dynamics (fusion/fission), and mitochondrial clearance by mitophagy. Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a mitochondrial disease resulting in a fatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to the deficiency of the mitochondrial protein, frataxin. Our previous studies identified defective mitochondrial iron metabolism and oxidative stress potentiating cardiac pathology in FA. However, how these factors alter mitochondrial homeostasis remains uncharacterized in FA cardiomyopathy. This investigation examined the muscle creatine kinase conditional frataxin knockout mouse, which closely mimics FA cardiomyopathy, to dissect the mechanisms of dysfunctional mitochondrial homeostasis. Dysfunction of key mitochondrial homeostatic mechanisms were elucidated in the knockout hearts relative to wild-type littermates, namely: (1) mitochondrial proliferation with condensed cristae; (2) impaired NAD+ metabolism due to perturbations in Sirt1 activity and NAD+ salvage; (3) increased mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission; and (4) mitochondrial accumulation of Pink1/Parkin with increased autophagic/mitophagic flux. Immunohistochemistry of FA patients' heart confirmed significantly enhanced expression of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion/fission and autophagy. These novel findings demonstrate cardiac frataxin-deficiency results in significant changes to metabolic mechanisms critical for mitochondrial homeostasis. This mechanistic dissection provides critical insight, offering the potential for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in FA and potentially other cardio-degenerative diseases by implementing innovative treatments targeting mitochondrial homeostasis and NAD+ metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Chiang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sanaz Maleki
- Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sean Lal
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Division of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Michael L-H Huang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Han S, Lu J, Gao J, Cheng J, Xu W, Tao L, Zhang Y. Pyraclostrobin induced AMPK/mTOR pathways mediated autophagy in RAW264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:793-800. [PMID: 34348084 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1956248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyraclostrobin(PCT) is a highly effective and broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide. The mode action of PCT is inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. With the widespread use of PCT in preventing and controlling crop diseases, its potential safety risks to mammals have gradually attracted attention. This paper focuses on the cytotoxicity of PCT and its molecular mechanism, RAW264.7 macrophages were selected as a research model and conducted systematic toxicology studies in vitro, including MTT assay, colony formation assay, alkaline comet assay, fluorescent staining, ATP assay and Western blotting. The results revealed that PCT decreased viability and inhibited the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells in a concentration- dependent manner. Interestingly, PCT induced DNA damage, the resulting autophagosome, the accumulation of Beclin-1, the reduction of p62, the translocation and the formation of LC3-II. Furthermore, the results showed that PCT-induced the production of excessive ROS, leading to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, ATP depletion, and the elimination of mitochondria by autophagy. Furthermore, PCT treatment group significantly enhanced the phosphorylation level of AMPK, decreased the mTOR and p70s6k phosphorylation levels and activated the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, these results showed that PCT induced autophagy in the RAW264.7 cells might potentially have risks to mammal safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jufang Gao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Zhao HL, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Yan QG, Peng XY, Xiang XM, Tian KL, Li T, Liu LM. Protective effects of HBOC on pulmonary vascular leakage after haemorrhagic shock and the underlying mechanisms. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 48:1272-1281. [PMID: 33084450 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1835937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Volume resuscitation is an important early treatment for haemorrhagic shock. Haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) can expand the volume and provide oxygen for tissues. Vascular leakage is common complication in the process of haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of HBOC (a bovine-derived, cross-linked tetramer haemoglobin oxygen-carrying solution, 0.5 g/L) on vascular leakage in rats after haemorrhagic shock. A haemorrhagic shock rat model and hypoxic vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were used. The role of intercellular junctions and endothelial glycocalyx in the protective effects of HBOC and the relationship with mitochondrial function were analysed. After haemorrhagic shock, the pulmonary vascular permeability to FITC-BSA, Evans Blue was increased, endothelial glycocalyx was destroyed and the expression of intercellular junction proteins was decreased. After haemorrhagic shock, a small volume of HBOC solution (6 ml/kg) protected pulmonary vascular permeability, increased structural thickness of endothelial glycocalyx, the levels of its components and increased expression levels of the intercellular junction proteins ZO-1, VE-cadherin and occludin. Moreover, HBOC significantly increased oxygen delivery and consumption in rats, improved VEC mitochondrial function and structure. In conclusion, HBOC mitigates endothelial leakage by protecting endothelial glycocalyx and intercellular junctions through improving mitochondrial function and tissue oxygen delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qing Guang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Kun Lun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Cardiac Mitochondrial PTEN-L determines cell fate between apoptosis and survival during chronic alcohol consumption. Apoptosis 2021; 25:590-604. [PMID: 32591959 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption induces myocardial damage and a type of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy termed alcoholic cardiomyopathy, where mitochondrial ultrastructural damages and suppressed fusion activity promote cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The aim of the present study is to determine the role of mitochondrial fission proteins and/or other proteins that localise on cardiac mitochondria for apoptosis upon ethanol consumption. In vivo and in vitro chronic alcohol exposure increased mitochondrial Drp1 levels but knockdown of the same did not confer cardioprotection in H9c2 cells. These cells displayed downregulated expression of MFN2 and OPA1 for Bak-mediated cytochrome c release and apoptosis. Dysregulated PTEN/AKT cell survival signal in both ethanol treated and Drp1 knockdown cells augmented oxidative stress by promoting mitochondrial PTEN-L and MFN1 interaction. Inhibiting this interaction with VO-OHpic, a reversible PTEN inhibitor, prevented Bak insertion into the mitochondria and release of cytochrome c to cytoplasm. Thus, our study provides evidence that Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission is dispensable for ethanol-induced cardiotoxicity and that stress signals induce mitochondrial PTEN-L accumulation for structural and functional dyshomeostasis. Our in vivo results also demonstrates the therapeutic potential of VO-OHpic for habitual alcoholics developing myocardial dysfunction.
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Tang L, Li YP, Hu J, Chen AH, Mo Y. Dexpramipexole attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through upregulation of mitophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:173962. [PMID: 33610599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion causes undesirable damage to the ischemic myocardium while restoring the blood flow. In this study, we evaluated the effects of dexpramipexole (DPX) on myocardial injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in-vivo and the hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) in-vitro and examined the functional mechanisms of DPX. DPX protected cells against H/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and prevented H/R damage. Both myocardial infarct size and tissue damage due to I/R was reduced upon DPX treatment. We discovered that DPX enhanced mitophagy in-vivo and in-vitro, which was accompanied by enhanced expression of PINK1 and Parkin. Knock-down of PINK1 and Parkin by specific siRNAs reversed DPX-induced inhibition of myocardial I/R injury. These findings suggest that DPX might protect against myocardial injury via PINK1 and Parkin.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/genetics
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
- Mitophagy/drug effects
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Pramipexole/pharmacology
- Protein Kinases/genetics
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Transport
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yun-Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 253, Gongye Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ai-Hua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 253, Gongye Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Yingli Mo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yingbin Road 516, Yiyang, Hunan, 413000, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine and Protecting Visual Function, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
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Xi J, Rong Y, Zhao Z, Huang Y, Wang P, Luan H, Xing Y, Li S, Liao J, Dai Y, Liang J, Wu F. Scutellarin ameliorates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cells injury by activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113855. [PMID: 33485979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellarin (Scu) is one of the main active ingredients of Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz which has been used to treat cardiovascular disease including vascular dysfunction caused by diabetes. Scu also has a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells against hyperglycemia. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY This aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Scu on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury induced by high glucose (HG), especially the regulation of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS HUVECs were exposed to HG to induce vascular endothelial cells injury in vitro. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The extent of cell apoptosis was measured by Hoechst staining and flow cytometry. Mitophagy was assayed by fluorescent immunostaining, transmission electron microscope and immunoblot. Besides, virtual docking was conducted to validate the interaction of PINK1 protein and Scu. RESULTS We found that Scu significantly increased cell viability in HG-treated HUVECs. Scu reduces the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome C (Cyt.c) to inhibit apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway. Meanwhile, Scu improved the overload of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and SOD2 protein expression, and reversed the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. Besides, Scu increased autophagic flux, improved the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 II), Beclin 1 and autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg 5) and decreased the expression of Sequestosome1/P62 in HG-treated HUVECs. Furthermore, Scu improved the expressions of PINK1, Parkin, and Mitofusin2, which revealed the enhancement of mitophagy. Moreover, the beneficial effects of Scu on HG-induced low expression of Parkin, overproduction of ROS, and over expressions of P62, Cyt.c and Cleaved caspase-3 were weakened by PINK1 gene knockdown. Molecular docking suggested good interaction of Scu and PINK1 protein. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Scu may protect vascular endothelial cells against hyperglycemia-induced injury by up-regulating mitophagy via PINK1/Parkin signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiao Xi
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuezhao Rong
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yihai Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Huiling Luan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yan Xing
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yue Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jingyu Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Feihua Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Iwatani N, Kubota K, Ikeda Y, Tokushige A, Miyanaga S, Higo K, Ohishi M. Different characteristics of mitochondrial dynamics-related miRNAs on the hemodynamics of pulmonary artery hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. J Cardiol 2021; 78:24-30. [PMID: 33836917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo fission or fusion. These mitochondrial dynamics are reported to be associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH is divided into 5 groups, including pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), based on its pathogenesis. However, it is still unknown whether and how miRNAs related to mitochondrial dynamics (MD) affect PAH and CTEPH. METHODS We investigated patients who underwent right heart catheterization between October 2016 and January 2019. Out of 34 PH patients, 12 were diagnosed with PAH, and 22 were diagnosed with CTEPH. In addition, there were 30 patients diagnosed with left heart disease. We enrolled the 34 PH patients as the PH group and 30 left heart disease patients as the control group. RESULTS Among MD-related miRNAs, the circulating levels of miR-140-3p were higher, and those of miR-485-5p were lower in the PH group than in the control group (p < 0.01), suggesting that miRNAs inducing mitochondrial fission are related to PH. The miR-140-3p levels in the PAH and CTEPH groups were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.01). The levels of miR-140-3p and miR-485-5p in the PAH group correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.582, p = 0.046) and cardiac index (r = -0.36, p = 0.04), respectively. The miR-485-5p levels in the CTEPH group correlated with right atrium pressure (r = -0.456, p = 0.049). CONCLUSION MD-related miRNAs levels change to induce fission and are closely related to the hemodynamics of PAH and CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Iwatani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Kayoko Kubota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Sunao Miyanaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kenjuro Higo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
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Sasaki Y, Ikeda Y, Uchikado Y, Akasaki Y, Sadoshima J, Ohishi M. Estrogen Plays a Crucial Role in Rab9-Dependent Mitochondrial Autophagy, Delaying Arterial Senescence. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019310. [PMID: 33719502 PMCID: PMC8174372 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The risk of cardiovascular disease is known to increase after menopause. Mitochondria, which undergo quality control via mitochondrial autophagy, play a crucial role in the regulation of cellular senescence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the effect of estrogen‐mediated protection from senescence on arteries is attributed to the induction of mitochondrial autophagy. Methods and Results We used human umbilical vein cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and 12‐week‐old female C57BL/6 mice. The administration of 17β‐estradiol (E2) to cells inhibited cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, E2 increased mitochondrial autophagy, maintaining mitochondrial function, and retarding cellular senescence. Of note, E2 did not modulate LC3 (light chain 3), and ATG7 (autophagy related 7) deficiency did not suppress mitochondrial autophagy in E2‐treated cells. Conversely, E2 increased the colocalization of Rab9 with LAMP2 (lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 2) signals. The E2‐mediated effects on mitochondrial autophagy were abolished by the knockdown of either Ulk1 or Rab9. These results suggest that E2‐mediated mitochondrial autophagy is associated with Rab9‐dependent alternative autophagy. E2 upregulated SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) and activated LKB1 (liver kinase B1), AMPK (adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase), and Ulk1, indicating that the effect of E2 on the induction of Rab9‐dependent alternative autophagy is mediated by the SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK/Ulk1 pathway. Compared with the sham‐operated mice, ovariectomized mice showed reduced mitochondrial autophagy and accelerated mitochondrial dysfunction and arterial senescence; these detrimental alterations were successfully rescued by the administration of E2. Conclusions We showed that E2‐induced mitochondrial autophagy plays a crucial role in the delay of vascular senescence. The Rab9‐dependent alternative autophagy is behind E2‐induced mitochondrial autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uchikado
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan
| | - Yuichi Akasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan
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Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare, X-linked recessive, infantile-onset debilitating disorder characterized by early-onset cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle myopathy, growth delay, and neutropenia, with a worldwide incidence of 1/300,000-400,000 live births. The high mortality rate throughout infancy in BTHS patients is related primarily to progressive cardiomyopathy and a weakened immune system. BTHS is caused by defects in the TAZ gene that encodes tafazzin, a transacylase responsible for the remodeling and maturation of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), which is critical to normal mitochondrial structure and function (i.e., ATP generation). A deficiency in tafazzin results in up to a 95% reduction in levels of structurally mature CL. Because the heart is the most metabolically active organ in the body, with the highest mitochondrial content of any tissue, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of heart failure in patients with BTHS. Changes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reduce the ability of mitochondria to meet the ATP demands of the human heart as well as skeletal muscle, namely ATP synthesis does not match the rate of ATP consumption. The presence of several cardiomyopathic phenotypes have been described in BTHS, including dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular noncompaction, either alone or in conjunction with other cardiomyopathic phenotypes, endocardial fibroelastosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and an apical form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, among others, all of which can be directly attributed to the lack of CL synthesis, remodeling, and maturation with subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction. Several mechanisms by which these cardiomyopathic phenotypes exist have been proposed, thereby identifying potential targets for treatment. Dysfunction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase pump and inflammation potentially triggered by circulating mitochondrial components have been identified. Currently, treatment modalities are aimed at addressing symptomatology of HF in BTHS, but do not address the underlying pathology. One novel therapeutic approach includes elamipretide, which crosses the mitochondrial outer membrane to localize to the inner membrane where it associates with cardiolipin to enhance ATP synthesis in several organs, including the heart. Encouraging clinical results of the use of elamipretide in treating patients with BTHS support the potential use of this drug for management of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani N Sabbah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Zhao Q, Liu F, Zhao Q, Zhang J, Luo J, Li X, Yang Y. Constitutive activation of ERK1/2 signaling protects against myocardial ischemia via inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation in the aging heart. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:479. [PMID: 33850876 PMCID: PMC8039677 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that the ability of the myocardium to tolerate ischemia becomes significantly compromised with age. During ischemia, several endogenous protective signals are activated to protect the heart from injury, among which extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling has been established as playing a pivotal role. However, in aging hearts, the activation of ERK1/2 is compromised. Mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) is a major regulator of ERK1/2 signaling. In the present study, we investigated whether transduction of CaMEK, a constitutively activated MEK, using adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) could protect the aging heart against ischemia. Methods Myocardial ischemia models were established in aging mice and senescent cardiomyocytes, and AAV9-mediated delivery of CaMEK was applied. Echocardiography, fluorescent staining, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting were used to explore the effects of CaMEK and their underlying mechanism. Results AAV9-CaMEK activated ERK1/2 signaling and exerted cardioprotective effects against ischemia in aging hearts. Specifically, CaMEK transduction decreased dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) expression and phosphorylation at serine 616, resulting in improved mitochondrial morphology and function in aging ischemic hearts. Furthermore, CaMEK transduction exerted similar protective effects in senescent cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. Meanwhile, with the inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling in senescent cardiomyocytes under hypoxia, the opposite effects were observed, including an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation and aggravation of mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. Conclusions Our results suggested that AAV9-CaMEK alleviated ischemia-induced myocardium injury in the aging heart, at least in part, through inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation. Therefore, AAV9-CaMEK is a potential intervention for prevention of ischemia-induced injury of the aging myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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Tan Y, Xia F, Li L, Peng X, Liu W, Zhang Y, Fang H, Zeng Z, Chen Z. Novel Insights into the Molecular Features and Regulatory Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Dynamic Disorder in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6669075. [PMID: 33688392 PMCID: PMC7914101 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6669075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria maintain mitochondrial homeostasis through continuous fusion and fission, that is, mitochondrial dynamics, which is precisely mediated by mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins, including dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusin 1 and 2 (Mfn1/2), and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). When the mitochondrial fission and fusion of cardiomyocytes are out of balance, they will cause their own morphology and function disorders, which damage the structure and function of the heart, are involved in the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease such as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), septic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this paper, we focus on the latest findings regarding the molecular features and regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamic disorder in cardiovascular pathologies. Finally, we will address how these findings can be applied to improve the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fengfan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong, China
| | - Lulan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaojie Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenqian Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haihong Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Ave N, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Xie M, Cheng M, Wang B, Jiao M, Yu L, Zhu H. 2-Bromopalmitate attenuates inflammatory pain by maintaining mitochondrial fission/fusion balance and function. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:72-84. [PMID: 33253369 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory pain activates astrocytes and increases inflammatory cytokine release in the spinal cord. Mitochondrial fusion and fission rely on the functions of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), which are essential for the synaptic transmission and plasticity. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP), an inhibitor of protein palmitoylation, on the modulation of pain behavior. Rats were intraplantar injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to establish an inflammatory pain model. In the spinal cord of rats with CFA-induced inflammatory pain, the expression of astrocyte-specific glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and contents of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α were increased. Mitochondrial Drp1 was increased, while OPA1 was decreased. Consequently, CFA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) expression. The intrathecal administration of 2-BP significantly reversed the pain behaviors of the inflammatory pain in rats. Moreover, 2-BP also reduced the Drp1 expression, elevated the OPA1 expression, and further reduced the GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression and ROS production. Furthermore, in vitro study proved a similar effect of 2-BP on the regulation of Drp1 and OPA1 expression. 2-BP also increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased the levels of BAX, ROS, and proinflammatory cytokines. These results indicate that 2-BP may attenuate the inflammatory pain of CFA-treated rats via regulating mitochondrial fission/fusion balance and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Menglin Cheng
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Bojun Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Ming Jiao
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Liangzhu Yu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Haili Zhu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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45
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Marin W, Marin D, Ao X, Liu Y. Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for cardiac ischemia‑reperfusion injury (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 47:485-499. [PMID: 33416090 PMCID: PMC7797474 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of cardiovascular-related mortality and chronic heart failure worldwide. As regards treatment, the reperfusion of ischemic tissue generates irreversible damage to the myocardium, which is termed 'cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury'. Due to the large number of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes, an increasing number of studies have focused on the roles of mitochondria in IR injury. The primary causes of IR injury are reduced oxidative phosphorylation during hypoxia and the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), together with the insufficient elimination of these oxidative species following reperfusion. IR injury includes the oxidation of DNA, incorrect modifications of proteins, the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane and respiratory chain, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), Ca2+ over-load, mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation, swelling of the mitochondria, and ultimately, cardiomyocyte necrosis. The present review article discusses the molecular mechanisms of IR injury, and summarizes the metabolic and dynamic changes occurring in the mitochondria in response to IR stress. The mitochondria are strongly recommended as a target for the development of therapeutic agents; however, the appropriate use of agents remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Marin
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Dennis Marin
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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46
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Ren L, Chen X, Chen X, Li J, Cheng B, Xia J. Mitochondrial Dynamics: Fission and Fusion in Fate Determination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580070. [PMID: 33178694 PMCID: PMC7593605 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pivotal to tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration due to their potential for self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immune modulation. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that maintain their morphology via continuous fission and fusion, also known as mitochondrial dynamics. MSCs undergo specific mitochondrial dynamics during proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, or aging. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dynamics are key contributors to stem cell fate determination. The coordination of mitochondrial fission and fusion is crucial for cellular function and stress responses, while abnormal fission and/or fusion causes MSC dysfunction. This review focuses on the role of mitochondrial dynamics in MSC commitment under physiological and stress conditions. We highlight mechanistic insights into modulating mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial strategies for stem cell-based regenerative medicine. These findings shed light on the contribution of mitochondrial dynamics to MSC fate and MSC-based tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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47
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Rosdah AA, Smiles WJ, Oakhill JS, Scott JW, Langendorf CG, Delbridge LMD, Holien JK, Lim SY. New perspectives on the role of Drp1 isoforms in regulating mitochondrial pathophysiology. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107594. [PMID: 32473962 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles constantly undergoing fusion and fission. A concerted balance between the process of mitochondrial fusion and fission is required to maintain cellular health under different physiological conditions. Mutation and dysregulation of Drp1, the major driver of mitochondrial fission, has been associated with various neurological, oncological and cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, when subjected to pathological insults, mitochondria often undergo excessive fission, generating fragmented and dysfunctional mitochondria leading to cell death. Therefore, manipulating mitochondrial fission by targeting Drp1 has been an appealing therapeutic approach for cytoprotection. However, studies have been inconsistent. Studies employing Drp1 constructs representing alternate Drp1 isoforms, have demonstrated differing impacts of these isoforms on mitochondrial fission and cell death. Furthermore, there are distinct expression patterns of Drp1 isoforms in different tissues, suggesting idiosyncratic engagement in specific cellular functions. In this review, we will discuss these inherent variations among human Drp1 isoforms and how they could affect Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeshah A Rosdah
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William J Smiles
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Scott
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Victoria, Australia; Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Langendorf
- Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica K Holien
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Structural Bioinformatics and Drug Discovery, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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48
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Ding M, Liu C, Shi R, Yu M, Zeng K, Kang J, Fu F, Mi M. Mitochondrial fusion promoter restores mitochondrial dynamics balance and ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in an optic atrophy 1-dependent way. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13428. [PMID: 31840416 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics including suppressed mitochondrial fusion has been observed in diabetic hearts. However, it is still unknown whether mitochondrial fusion promoter is an effective protection to diabetic hearts. This study was designed to explore the efficacy of mitochondrial fusion promoter on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg/d) intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. Seven weeks after vehicle or STZ injection, control or diabetic rats were treated with the vehicle or a mitochondrial fusion promoter-M1 (2 mg/kg/d) intraperitoneally for 6 weeks. Moreover, M1 was administrated to the primary cardiomyocytes cultured in normal glucose medium (NG, 5.5 mmol/L) or high glucose (HG, 33 mnol/L). RESULTS Administration of M1 significantly promoted mitochondrial fusion and attenuated the reduction in optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) expression in diabetic hearts. Importantly, M1 treatment attenuated oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial function and alleviated DCM in diabetic rats. In HG-treated cardiomyocytes, M1 treatment consistently increased the expression of Opa1, promoted mitochondrial fusion, enhanced mitochondrial respiratory capacity and reduced mitochondria-derived superoxide production, all of which were blunted by Opa1 siRNA knockdown. In addition, selective upregulation of Opa1 alone can also promote mitochondrial fusion, improve mitochondrial function and inhibit mitochondria-derived superoxide production in HG-cultured cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Our findings show for the first time that mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 effectively balances mitochondrial dynamics and protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) via an Opa1-dependent way, suggesting that promoting mitochondrial fusion might be a potential therapeutic strategy for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingge Ding
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety Institute of Military Preventive Medicine Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Geriatrics Xi'an Central Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Mingzhe Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Junjun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Feng Fu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety Institute of Military Preventive Medicine Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety Institute of Military Preventive Medicine Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
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49
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Kowluru RA, Mohammad G. Epigenetics and Mitochondrial Stability in the Metabolic Memory Phenomenon Associated with Continued Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6655. [PMID: 32313015 PMCID: PMC7171070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy continues to progress even when diabetic patients try to control their blood sugar, but the molecular mechanism of this 'metabolic memory' phenomenon remains elusive. Retinal mitochondria remain damaged and vicious cycle of free radicals continues to self-propagate. DNA methylation suppresses gene expression, and diabetes activates DNA methylation machinery. Our aim was to investigate the role of DNA methylation in continued compromised mitochondrial dynamics and genomic stability in diabetic retinopathy. Using retinal endothelial cells, incubated in 20 mM glucose for four days, followed by 5 mM glucose for four days, and retinal microvessels from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in poor glycemia for four months, followed by normal glycemia for four additional months, DNA methylation of mitochondrial fusion and mismatch repair proteins, Mfn2 and Mlh1 respectively, was determined. Retinopathy was detected in trypsin-digested microvasculature. Re-institution of good glycemia had no beneficial effect on hypermethylation of Mfn2 and Mlh1 and retinal function (electroretinogram), and the retinopathy continued to progress. However, intervention of good glycemia directly with DNA methylation inhibitors (Azacytidine or Dnmt1-siRNA), prevented Mfn2 and Mlh1 hypermethylation, and ameliorated retinal dysfunction and diabetic retinopathy. Thus, direct regulation of DNA methylation can prevent/reverse diabetic retinopathy by maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and DNA stability, and prevent retinal functional damage.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy
- Diabetic Retinopathy/chemically induced
- Diabetic Retinopathy/genetics
- Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/therapy
- Disease Progression
- Electroretinography
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism
- Glucose/adverse effects
- Humans
- Hyperglycemia/chemically induced
- Hyperglycemia/genetics
- Hyperglycemia/pathology
- Hyperglycemia/therapy
- Male
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- MutL Protein Homolog 1/genetics
- MutL Protein Homolog 1/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Retina/drug effects
- Retina/metabolism
- Retina/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Streptozocin/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu A Kowluru
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Ghulam Mohammad
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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50
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The role of Drp1 in mitophagy and cell death in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 142:138-145. [PMID: 32302592 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of mitochondrial function and integrity is critical for normal cell survival, particularly in non-dividing cells with a high-energy demand such as cardiomyocytes. Well-coordinated quality control mechanisms in cardiomyocytes, involving mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics-fission and fusion, and mitophagy, act to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial fission, which requires dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), is essential for segregation of damaged mitochondria for degradation. Alterations in this process have been linked to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiomyopathy. In this review, we discuss the role of Drp1 in mitophagy and apoptosis in the context of cardiac pathology, including myocardial ischemia and heart failure.
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