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Chen L, Sun Q, Yue R, Yan H, Huang X, Yu H, Yang Y. Involvement of E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-mediated YY1 ubiquitination in alleviating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131976. [PMID: 38697427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and lethal lung disease characterized by progressive lung scarring. This study aims to elucidate the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 in the ubiquitination of YY1 and its subsequent impact on TAB1 transcription, revealing a possible molecular mechanism in the development of IPF. Through bioinformatics analysis and both in vitro and in vivo experiments, we observed differential expression levels of NEDD4 and YY1 between normal and IPF samples, identifying NEDD4 as an upstream E3 ubiquitin ligase of YY1. Furthermore, binding sites for the transcription factor YY1 on the promoter region of TAB1 were discovered, indicating a direct interaction. In vitro experiments using HEPF cells showed that NEDD4 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of YY1, leading to suppressed TAB1 transcription, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and fibrogenesis. These findings were corroborated by in vivo experiments in an IPF mouse model, where the ubiquitination pathway facilitated by NEDD4 attenuated IPF progression through the downregulation of YY1 and TAB1 transcription. These results suggest that NEDD4 plays a crucial role in the development of IPF by modulating YY1 ubiquitination and TAB1 transcription, providing new insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Ruiming Yue
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Haiying Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR China.
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2
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Da X, Li Z, Huang X, He Z, Yu Y, Tian T, Xu C, Yao Y, Wang QK. AGGF1 therapy inhibits thoracic aortic aneurysms by enhancing integrin α7-mediated inhibition of TGF-β1 maturation and ERK1/2 signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2265. [PMID: 37081014 PMCID: PMC10119315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a localized or diffuse dilatation of the thoracic aortas, and causes many sudden deaths each year worldwide. However, there is no effective pharmacologic therapy. Here, we show that AGGF1 effectively blocks TAA-associated arterial inflammation and remodeling in three different mouse models (mice with transverse aortic constriction, Fbn1C1041G/+ mice, and β-aminopropionitrile-treated mice). AGGF1 expression is reduced in the ascending aortas from the three models and human TAA patients. Aggf1+/- mice and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-specific Aggf1smcKO knockout mice show aggravated TAA phenotypes. Mechanistically, AGGF1 enhances the interaction between its receptor integrin α7 and latency-associated peptide (LAP)-TGF-β1, blocks the cleavage of LAP-TGF-β1 to form mature TGF-β1, and inhibits Smad2/3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in VSMCs. Pirfenidone, a treatment agent for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, inhibits TAA-associated vascular inflammation and remodeling in wild type mice, but not in Aggf1+/- mice. In conclusion, we identify an innovative AGGF1 protein therapeutic strategy to block TAA-associated vascular inflammation and remodeling, and show that efficacy of TGF-β inhibition therapies require AGGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Da
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ziyan Li
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zuhan He
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Yu
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Tian
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- Institute of Medical Genomics and School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China.
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Qing K Wang
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- Institute of Medical Genomics and School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China.
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Li G, Brumback BD, Huang L, Zhang DM, Yin T, Lipovsky CE, Hicks SC, Jimenez J, Boyle PM, Rentschler SL. Acute Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibition Modulates Human Cardiac Conduction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:1001-1017. [PMID: 36337924 PMCID: PMC9626903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibition has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for several diseases, including cancer. However, the role for GSK-3 regulation of human cardiac electrophysiology remains ill-defined. We demonstrate that SB216763, a GSK-3 inhibitor, can acutely reduce conduction velocity in human cardiac slices. Combined computational modeling and experimental approaches provided mechanistic insight into GSK-3 inhibition-mediated changes, revealing that decreased sodium-channel conductance and tissue conductivity may underlie the observed phenotypes. Our study demonstrates that GSK-3 inhibition in human myocardium alters electrophysiology and may predispose to an arrhythmogenic substrate; therefore, monitoring for adverse arrhythmogenic events could be considered.
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Key Words
- ABC, active β-catenin
- APD, action potential duration
- BDM, 2,3-butanedione monoxime
- CV, conduction velocity
- Cx43, connexin 43
- GNa, sodium-channel conductance
- GOF, gain of function
- GSK-3 inhibitor
- GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase 3
- INa, sodium current
- LV, left ventricle
- NaV1.5, pore-forming α-subunit protein of the voltage-gated cardiac sodium channel
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- RMP, resting membrane potential
- RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- SB2, SB216763
- SB216763
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- dVm/dtmax, maximum upstroke velocity
- electrophysiology
- human cardiac slices
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brittany D. Brumback
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David M. Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tiankai Yin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine E. Lipovsky
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Hicks
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jesus Jimenez
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Patrick M. Boyle
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stacey L. Rentschler
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Liang L, Liu H, Bartholdi D, van Haeringen A, Fernandez‐Jaén A, Peeters EEA, Xiong H, Bai X, Xu C, Ke T, Wang QK. Identification and functional analysis of two new de novo KCNMA1 variants associated with Liang-Wang syndrome. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 235:e13800. [PMID: 35156297 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Loss-of-function KCNMA1 variants cause Liang-Wang syndrome (MIM #618729), a newly identified multiple malformation syndrome with a broad spectrum of developmental and neurological phenotypes. However, the full spectrum of clinical features and underlying pathogenic mechanisms need full elucidation. METHODS Exome sequencing was used to identify pathogenic variants. Patch-clamp recordings were performed to access the effects of KCNMA1 variants on BK channels. Total and membrane protein expression levels of BK channels were characterized using Western blotting. RESULTS We report identification and functional characterization of two new de novo loss-of-function KCNMA1 variants p.(A172T) and p.(A314T) with characteristics of Liang-Wang syndrome. Variant p.(A172T) is associated with developmental delay, cognitive impairment and ataxia. Mechanistically, p.(A172T) abolishes BK potassium current, inhibits Mg2+ -dependent gating, but shifts conductance-voltage (G-V) curves to more positive potentials when complexed with WT channels. Variant p.(A314T) is associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, cognitive impairment, mild ataxia and generalized epilepsy; suppresses BK current amplitude; and shifts G-V curves to more positive potentials when expressed with WT channels. In addition, two new patients with previously reported gain-of-function variants p.(N536H) and p.(N995S) are found to show epilepsy and paroxysmal dyskinesia as reported previously, but also exhibit additional symptoms of cognitive impairment and dysmorphic features. Furthermore, variants p.(A314T) and p.(N536H) reduced total and membrane levels of BK proteins. CONCLUSION Our findings identified two new loss-of-function mutations of KCNMA1 associated with Liang-Wang syndrome, expanded the spectrum of clinical features associated with gain-of-function KCNMA1 variants and emphasized the overlapping features shared by gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liang
- Center for Human Genome Research Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Center for Human Genome Research Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Deborah Bartholdi
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital University Hospital Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Clinical Genetics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Alberto Fernandez‐Jaén
- Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud School of Medicine Universidad Europea de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Els E. A. Peeters
- Department of Child Neurology Juliana Children’s Hospital HAGA Medical Center The Hague the Netherlands
| | - Hongbo Xiong
- Center for Human Genome Research Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Center for Human Genome Research Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Center for Human Genome Research Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Tie Ke
- Center for Human Genome Research Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Qing K. Wang
- Center for Human Genome Research Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
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Horváth B, Szentandrássy N, Almássy J, Dienes C, Kovács ZM, Nánási PP, Banyasz T. Late Sodium Current of the Heart: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020231. [PMID: 35215342 PMCID: PMC8879921 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Late sodium current has long been linked to dysrhythmia and contractile malfunction in the heart. Despite the increasing body of accumulating information on the subject, our understanding of its role in normal or pathologic states is not complete. Even though the role of late sodium current in shaping action potential under physiologic circumstances is debated, it’s unquestioned role in arrhythmogenesis keeps it in the focus of research. Transgenic mouse models and isoform-specific pharmacological tools have proved useful in understanding the mechanism of late sodium current in health and disease. This review will outline the mechanism and function of cardiac late sodium current with special focus on the recent advances of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Horváth
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Norbert Szentandrássy
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Csaba Dienes
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Zsigmond Máté Kovács
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Péter P. Nánási
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
- Department of Dental Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Banyasz
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-(52)-255-575; Fax: +36-(52)-255-116
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Daimi H, Lozano-Velasco E, Aranega A, Franco D. Genomic and Non-Genomic Regulatory Mechanisms of the Cardiac Sodium Channel in Cardiac Arrhythmias. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1381. [PMID: 35163304 PMCID: PMC8835759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nav1.5 is the predominant cardiac sodium channel subtype, encoded by the SCN5A gene, which is involved in the initiation and conduction of action potentials throughout the heart. Along its biosynthesis process, Nav1.5 undergoes strict genomic and non-genomic regulatory and quality control steps that allow only newly synthesized channels to reach their final membrane destination and carry out their electrophysiological role. These regulatory pathways are ensured by distinct interacting proteins that accompany the nascent Nav1.5 protein along with different subcellular organelles. Defects on a large number of these pathways have a tremendous impact on Nav1.5 functionality and are thus intimately linked to cardiac arrhythmias. In the present review, we provide current state-of-the-art information on the molecular events that regulate SCN5A/Nav1.5 and the cardiac channelopathies associated with defects in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houria Daimi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento, 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia Aranega
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento, 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento, 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
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7
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Yao Y, Song Q, Hu C, Da X, Yu Y, He Z, Xu C, Chen Q, Wang QK. Endothelial cell metabolic memory causes cardiovascular dysfunction in diabetes. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:196-211. [PMID: 33483741 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanism for hyperglycaemia-induced metabolic memory in endothelial cells (ECs), and to show its critical importance to development of cardiovascular dysfunction in diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Hyperglycaemia induces increased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling, up-regulation of miR-27a-3p, down-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (NRF2) expression, increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling, down-regulation of miR-29, and induction of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), all of which are memorized by ECs and not erased when switched to a low glucose condition, thereby causing perivascular fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction. Similar metabolic memory effects are found for production of nitric oxide (NO), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in two different types of ECs. The observed metabolic memory effects in ECs are blocked by NRF2 activator tert-butylhydroquinone and a miR-27a-3p inhibitor. In vivo, the NRF2 activator and miR-27a-3p inhibitor block cardiac perivascular fibrosis and restore cardiovascular function by decreasing NF-κB signalling, down-regulating miR-27a-3p, up-regulating NRF2 expression, reducing TGF-β signalling, and inhibiting EndMT during insulin treatment of diabetes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, whereas insulin alone does not improve cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that disruption of hyperglycaemia-induced EC metabolic memory is required for restoring cardiac function during treatment of diabetes, and identify a novel molecular signalling pathway of NF-κB/miR-27a-3p/NRF2/ROS/TGF-β/EndMT involved in metabolic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qixue Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Changqing Hu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 Hubei, China
| | - Xingwen Da
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zuhan He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qing K Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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8
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Xiong H, Bai X, Quan Z, Yu D, Zhang H, Zhang C, Liang L, Yao Y, Yang Q, Wang Z, Wang L, Huang Y, Li H, Ren X, Tu X, Ke T, Xu C, Wang QK. Mechanistic insights into the interaction of cardiac sodium channel Na v1.5 with MOG1 and a new molecular mechanism for Brugada syndrome. Heart Rhythm 2021; 19:478-489. [PMID: 34843967 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 cause Brugada syndrome (BrS). MOG1 is a chaperone that binds to Nav1.5, facilitates Nav1.5 trafficking to the cell surface, and enhances the amplitude of sodium current INa. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify structural elements involved in MOG1-Nav1.5 interaction and their relevance to the pathogenesis of BrS. METHODS Systematic analyses of large deletions, microdeletions, and point mutations, and glutathione S-transferases pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, cell surface protein quantification, and patch-clamping of INa were performed. RESULTS Large deletion analysis defined the MOG1-Nav1.5 interaction domain to amino acids S476-H585 of Nav1.5 Loop I connecting transmembrane domains I and II. Microdeletion and point mutation analyses further defined the domain to F530T531F532R533R534R535. Mutations F530A, F532A, R533A, and R534A, but not T531A and R535A, significantly reduced MOG1-Nav1.5 interaction and eliminated MOG1-enhanced INa. Mutagenesis analysis identified D24, E36, D44, E53, and E101A of MOG1 as critical residues for interaction with Nav1.5 Loop I. We then characterized 3 mutations at the MOG1-Nav1.5 interaction domain: p.F530V, p.F532C, and p.R535Q reported from patients with long QT syndrome and BrS. We found that p.F532C reduced MOG1-Nav1.5 interaction and eliminated MOG1 function on INa; p.R535Q is also a loss-of-function mutation that reduces INa amplitude in a MOG1-independent manner, whereas p.F530V is benign as it does not have an apparent effect on MOG1 and INa. CONCLUSION Our findings define the MOG1-Nav1.5 interaction domain to a 5-amino-acid motif of F530T531F532R533R534 in Loop I. Mutation p.F532C associated with BrS abolishes Nav1.5 interaction with MOG1 and reduces MOG1-enhanced INa density, thereby uncovering a novel molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of BrS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Xiong
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Quan
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Dong Yu
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Lina Liang
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Schoolof Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tu
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Tie Ke
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Qing K Wang
- Center for Human Genome Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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9
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Non-Coding RNAs in the Cardiac Action Potential and Their Impact on Arrhythmogenic Cardiac Diseases. HEARTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts2030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are prevalent among humans across all age ranges, affecting millions of people worldwide. While cardiac arrhythmias vary widely in their clinical presentation, they possess shared complex electrophysiologic properties at cellular level that have not been fully studied. Over the last decade, our current understanding of the functional roles of non-coding RNAs have progressively increased. microRNAs represent the most studied type of small ncRNAs and it has been demonstrated that miRNAs play essential roles in multiple biological contexts, including normal development and diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the functional contribution of non-coding RNAs, primarily microRNAs, to the normal configuration of the cardiac action potential, as well as their association to distinct types of arrhythmogenic cardiac diseases.
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10
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FAT10 protects against ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmia by decreasing Nedd4-2/Nav1.5 complex formation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:25. [PMID: 33414395 PMCID: PMC7790828 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen F-associated transcript 10 (FAT10) is a member of the small ubiquitin-like protein family that binds to its target proteins and subjects them to degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). In the heart, FAT10 plays a cardioprotective role and affects predisposition to cardiac arrhythmias after myocardial ischemia (MI). However, whether and how FAT10 influences cardiac arrhythmias is unknown. We investigated the role of FAT10 in regulating the sodium channel Nav1.5, a major regulator of cardiac arrhythmias. Fat10 was conditionally deleted in cardiac myocytes using Myh6-Cre and Fat10F/F mice (cFat10-/-). Compared with their wild-type littermates, cFat10-/- mice showed prolonged RR, PR, and corrected QT (QTc) intervals, were more likely to develop ventricular arrhythmia, and had increased mortality after MI. Patch-clamp studies showed that the peak Na+ current was reduced, and the late Na+ current was significantly augmented, resulting in a decreased action potential amplitude and delayed depolarization. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses showed that the expression of the membrane protein Nav1.5 was decreased. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that FAT10 stabilized Nav1.5 expression by antagonizing Nav1.5 ubiquitination and degradation. Specifically, FAT10 bound to the lysine residues in the C-terminal fragments of Nav1.5 and decreased the binding of Nav1.5 to the Nedd4-2 protein, a ubiquitin E3 ligase, preventing degradation of the Nav1.5 protein. Collectively, our findings showed that deletion of the Fat10 in cardiac myocytes led to increased cardiac arrhythmias and increased mortality after MI. Thus, FAT10 protects against ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmia by binding to Nav1.5 and preventing its Neddylation and degradation by the UPS after MI.
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11
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Turan NN, Moshal KS, Roder K, Baggett BC, Kabakov AY, Dhakal S, Teramoto R, Chiang DYE, Zhong M, Xie A, Lu Y, Dudley SC, MacRae CA, Karma A, Koren G. The endosomal trafficking regulator LITAF controls the cardiac Nav1.5 channel via the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18148-18159. [PMID: 33093176 PMCID: PMC7939464 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The QT interval is a recording of cardiac electrical activity. Previous genome-wide association studies identified genetic variants that modify the QT interval upstream of LITAF (lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor), a protein encoding a regulator of endosomal trafficking. However, it was not clear how LITAF might impact cardiac excitation. We investigated the effect of LITAF on the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5, which is critical for cardiac depolarization. We show that overexpressed LITAF resulted in a significant increase in the density of Nav1.5-generated voltage-gated sodium current INa and Nav1.5 surface protein levels in rabbit cardiomyocytes and in HEK cells stably expressing Nav1.5. Proximity ligation assays showed co-localization of endogenous LITAF and Nav1.5 in cardiomyocytes, whereas co-immunoprecipitations confirmed they are in the same complex when overexpressed in HEK cells. In vitro data suggest that LITAF interacts with the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2, a regulator of Nav1.5. LITAF overexpression down-regulated NEDD4-2 in cardiomyocytes and HEK cells. In HEK cells, LITAF increased ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of co-expressed NEDD4-2 and significantly blunted the negative effect of NEDD4-2 on INa We conclude that LITAF controls cardiac excitability by promoting degradation of NEDD4-2, which is essential for removal of surface Nav1.5. LITAF-knockout zebrafish showed increased variation in and a nonsignificant 15% prolongation of action potential duration. Computer simulations using a rabbit-cardiomyocyte model demonstrated that changes in Ca2+ and Na+ homeostasis are responsible for the surprisingly modest action potential duration shortening. These computational data thus corroborate findings from several genome-wide association studies that associated LITAF with QT interval variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilüfer N Turan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Karni S Moshal
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Karim Roder
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Brett C Baggett
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anatoli Y Kabakov
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Saroj Dhakal
- Physics Department and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryota Teramoto
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Yi-Eng Chiang
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingwang Zhong
- Physics Department and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - An Xie
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yichun Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Samuel C Dudley
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alain Karma
- Physics Department and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gideon Koren
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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12
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Dong C, Wang Y, Ma A, Wang T. Life Cycle of the Cardiac Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Na V1.5. Front Physiol 2020; 11:609733. [PMID: 33391024 PMCID: PMC7773603 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.5, encoded by SCN5A, is crucial for the upstroke of action potential and excitation of cardiomyocytes. NaV1.5 undergoes complex processes before it reaches the target membrane microdomains and performs normal functions. A variety of protein partners are needed to achieve the balance between SCN5A transcription and mRNA decay, endoplasmic reticulum retention and export, Golgi apparatus retention and export, selective anchoring and degradation, activation, and inactivation of sodium currents. Subtle alterations can impair NaV1.5 in terms of expression or function, eventually leading to NaV1.5-associated diseases such as lethal arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijuan Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
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13
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Ubiquitination-activating enzymes UBE1 and UBA6 regulate ubiquitination and expression of cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5. Biochem J 2020; 477:1683-1700. [PMID: 32315024 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 is associated with cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. Protein ubiquitination is catalyzed by an E1-E2-E3 cascade of enzymes. However, the E1 enzyme catalyzing Nav1.5 ubiquitination is unknown. Here, we show that UBE1 and UBA6 are two E1 enzymes regulating Nav1.5 ubiquitination and expression. Western blot analysis and patch-clamping recordings showed that overexpression of UBE1 or UBA6 increased the ubiquitination of Nav1.5 and significantly reduced Nav1.5 expression and sodium current density, and knockdown of UBE1 or UBA6 expression significantly increased Nav1.5 expression and sodium current density in HEK293/Nav1.5 cells. Similar results were obtained in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Bioinformatic analysis predicted two ubiquitination sites at K590 and K591. Mutations of K590 and K591 to K590A and K591A abolished the effects of overexpression or knockdown of UBE1 or UBA6 on Nav1.5 expression and sodium current density. Western blot analysis showed that the effects of UBE1 or UBA6 overexpression on the ubiquitination and expression of Nav1.5 were abolished by knockdown of UBC9, a putative E2 enzyme reported for Nav1.5 ubiquitination by us. Interestingly, real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of UBE1, but not UBA6, was significantly up-regulated in ventricular tissues from heart failure patients. These data establish UBE1 and UBA6 as the E1 enzymes involved in Nav1.5 ubiquitination, and suggest that UBE1 and UBA6 regulate ubiquitination of Nav1.5 through UBC9. Our study is the first to reveal the regulatory role of the UBE1 or UBA6 E1 enzyme in the ubiquitination of an ion channel and links UBE1 up-regulation to heart failure.
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14
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Huang Y, Li S, Jia Z, Li S, He W, Zhou C, Zhang R, Xu R, Sun B, Ali DW, Michalak M, Chen XZ, Tang J. TRIM4 interacts with TRPM8 and regulates its channel function through K423-mediated ubiquitination. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2934-2949. [PMID: 33037615 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+ -permeable nonselective cation channel activated by cold and cooling agents, mediates allodynia. Dysfunction or abnormal expression of TRPM8 has been found in several human cancers. The role of ubiquitination in the regulation of TRPM8 function remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the ubiquitin (Ub)-ligase E3, tripartite motif-containing 4 (TRIM4), as a novel interaction partner of TRPM8 and confirmed that the TRIM4-TRPM8 interaction was mediated through the SPRY domain of TRIM4. Patch-clamp assays showed that TRIM4 negatively regulates TRPM8-mediated currents in HEK293 cells. Moreover, TRIM4 reduced the expression of TRPM8 on the cell surface by promoting the K63-linked ubiquitination of TRPM8. Further analyses revealed that the TRPM8 N-terminal lysine residue at 423 was the major ubiquitination site that mediates its functional regulation by TRIM4. A Ub-activating enzyme E1, Ub-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 (UBA1), was also found to interact with TRPM8, thereby regulating its channel function and ubiquitination. In addition, knockdown of UBA1 impaired the regulation of TRPM8 ubiquitination and function by TRIM4. Thus, this study demonstrates that TRIM4 downregulates TRPM8 via K423-mediated TRPM8 ubiquitination and requires UBA1 to regulate TRPM8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shunyao Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzao He
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cefan Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Xu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Sun
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Declan William Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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