1
|
Nawab S, Zhang Y, Ullah MW, Lodhi AF, Shah SB, Rahman MU, Yong YC. Microbial host engineering for sustainable isobutanol production from renewable resources. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:33. [PMID: 38175234 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Due to the limited resources and environmental problems associated with fossil fuels, there is a growing interest in utilizing renewable resources for the production of biofuels through microbial fermentation. Isobutanol is a promising biofuel that could potentially replace gasoline. However, its production efficiency is currently limited by the use of naturally isolated microorganisms. These naturally isolated microorganisms often encounter problems such as a limited range of substrates, low tolerance to solvents or inhibitors, feedback inhibition, and an imbalanced redox state. This makes it difficult to improve their production efficiency through traditional process optimization methods. Fortunately, recent advancements in genetic engineering technologies have made it possible to enhance microbial hosts for the increased production of isobutanol from renewable resources. This review provides a summary of the strategies and synthetic biology approaches that have been employed in the past few years to improve naturally isolated or non-natural microbial hosts for the enhanced production of isobutanol by utilizing different renewable resources. Furthermore, it also discusses the challenges that are faced by engineered microbial hosts and presents future perspectives to enhancing isobutanol production. KEY POINTS: • Promising potential of isobutanol to replace gasoline • Engineering of native and non-native microbial host for isobutanol production • Challenges and opportunities for enhanced isobutanol production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Said Nawab
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - YaFei Zhang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Adil Farooq Lodhi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Syed Bilal Shah
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rahman
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Phosriran C, Wong N, Jantama K. An efficient production of bio-succinate in a novel metabolically engineered Klebsiella oxytoca by rational metabolic engineering and evolutionary adaptation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130045. [PMID: 38006983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella oxytoca KC004 (ΔadhEΔpta-ackAΔldhAΔbudABΔpflB) was engineered to enhance succinate production. The strain exhibited poor growth without succinate production due to its deficiencies in ATP production and NADH reoxidation. To overcome obstacles, evolutionary adaptation with over 6,000 generations of growth-based selection was conducted. Under anaerobic conditions, enhanced productions of ATP for growth and succinate for NADH reoxidation by the evolved KC004-TF160 strain were coupled to an increased transcript of PEP carboxykinase (pck) while those of genes in the oxidative branch of TCA cycle (gltA, acnAB, and icd), and pyruvate and acetate metabolisms (pykA, acs, poxB and tdcD) were alleviated. The expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase repressor (pdhR) decreased whereas threonine decarboxylase (tdcE) increased. KC004-TF160 produced succinate at 84 g/L (0.84 g/g, 79 % theoretical maximum). KC004-TF160 produced succinate at 0.87 g/g non-pretreated sugarcane molasses without addition of nutrients and buffers. KC004-TF160 may be a microbial platform for commercial production of bio-succinate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chutchawan Phosriran
- Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nonthaporn Wong
- Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kaemwich Jantama
- Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen L, Wei G, Zhang Y, Wang K, Wang C, Deng X, Li Y, Xie X, Chen J, Huang F, Chen H, Zhang B, Wei C, Qiu G. Candidatus Accumulibacter use fermentation products for enhanced biological phosphorus removal. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120713. [PMID: 37839225 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggested that two major groups of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), i.e., Ca. Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera, play cooperative roles in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). The fermentation of complex organic compounds by Tetrasphaera provides carbon sources for Ca. Accumulibacter. However, the viability of the fermentation products (e.g., lactate, succinate, alanine) as carbon sources for Ca. Accumulibacter and their potential effects on the metabolism of Ca. Accumulibacter were largely unknown. This work for the first time investigated the capability and metabolic details of Ca. Accumulibacter cognatus clade IIC strain SCUT-2 (enriched in a lab-scale reactor with a relative abundance of 42.8%) in using these fermentation products for EBPR. The enrichment culture was able to assimilate lactate and succinate with the anaerobic P release to carbon uptake ratios of 0.28 and 0.36 P mol/C mol, respectively. In the co-presence of acetate, the uptake of lactate was strongly inhibited, since two substrates shared the same transporter as suggested by the carbon uptake bioenergetic analysis. When acetate and succinate were fed at the same time, Ca. Accumulibacter assimilated two carbon sources simultaneously. Proton motive force (PMF) was the key driving force (up to 90%) for the uptake of lactate and succinate by Ca. Accumulibacter. Apart from the efflux of proton in symport with phosphate via the inorganic phosphate transport system, translocation of proton via the activity of fumarate reductase contributed to the generation of PMF, which agreed with the fact that PHV was a major component of PHA when lactate and succinate were used as carbon sources, involving the succinate-propionate pathway. Metabolic models for the usage of lactate and succinate by Ca. Accumulibacter for EBPR were built based on the combined physiological, biochemical, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic analyses. Alanine was shown as an invalid carbon source for Ca. Accumulibacter. Instead, it significantly and adversely affected Ca. Accumulibacter-mediated EBPR. Phosphate release was observed without alanine uptake. Significant inhibitions on the aerobic phosphate uptake was also evident. Overall, this study suggested that there might not be a simply synergic relationship between Ca. Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera. Their interactions would largely be determined by the kind of fermentation products released by the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Gengrui Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yushen Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kaiying Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Cenchao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xuhan Deng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Xie
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jinling Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fu Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hang Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration in Industrial Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration in Industrial Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee WC, Yu HR, Tain YL, Wu KL, Chuang YC, Chan JY. Vinpocetine Ameliorates Metabolic-Syndrome-Associated Bladder Overactivity in Fructose-Fed Rats by Restoring Succinate-Modulated cAMP Levels and Exerting Anti-Inflammatory Effects in the Bladder Detrusor Muscle. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2716. [PMID: 36359236 PMCID: PMC9687486 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinate and its receptor, the G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91), have pathological implications in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated bladder dysfunction, particularly in decreasing bladder cAMP levels and promoting proinflammation. Using fructose-fed rats (FFRs), a rat model of MetS, we investigate the effects of vinpocetine (a phosphodiesterase-1 inhibitor) and celecoxib (a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) on MetS-associated bladder overactivity. Phenotypes of the overactive bladder, including increased micturition frequency and a shortened intercontractile interval in cystometry, were observed in FFRs, together with elevated succinate levels in the liver and serum and the downregulation of GPR91 in the liver and urinary bladder. Treatments with vinpocetine and celecoxib improved tissue fibrosis and ameliorated the overexpression of the inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, in the liver and bladder. In bladder organ bath studies, vinpocetine, but not celecoxib, treatment restored the contraction and relaxation responses of the detrusor muscle strip in response to KCl, carbachol, and forskolin stimulation. At a molecular level, vinpocetine and celecoxib treatments modulated the downstream messengers of GPR91 (i.e., ERK1/2 and JNK), suppressed NF-κB and IL-1β expressions in the bladder, and prevented the fibrogenesis observed in FFRs. The exogenous application of succinate to a bladder organ bath significantly reduced the forskolin-induced cAMP production by the detrusor muscle, which was notably restored in the presence of vinpocetine. Together, these results suggest that vinpocetine may alleviate the MetS-associated bladder overactivity by restoring the succinate-modulated detrusor cAMP production and exerting the anti-inflammatory effects in the bladder detrusor muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chia Lee
- Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Paediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Paediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Kay L.H. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chi Chuang
- Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y.H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Klasson KT, Sturm MP, Cole MR. Acid hydrolysis of sucrose in sweet sorghum syrup followed by succinic acid production using a genetically engineered Escherichia coli. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
|
7
|
Su HY, Li HY, Xie CY, Fei Q, Cheng KK. Co-production of acetoin and succinic acid by metabolically engineered Enterobacter cloacae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:26. [PMID: 33468210 PMCID: PMC7816431 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renewable chemicals have attracted attention due to increasing interest in environmental concerns and resource utilization. Biobased production of industrial compounds from nonfood biomass has become increasingly important as a sustainable replacement for traditional petroleum-based production processes depending on fossil resources. Therefore, we engineered an Enterobacter cloacae budC and ldhA double-deletion strain (namely, EC∆budC∆ldhA) to redirect carbon fluxes and optimized the culture conditions to co-produce succinic acid and acetoin. RESULTS In this work, E. cloacae was metabolically engineered to enhance its combined succinic acid and acetoin production during fermentation. Strain EC∆budC∆ldhA was constructed by deleting 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (budC), which is involved in 2,3-butanediol production, and lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA), which is involved in lactic acid production, from the E. cloacae genome. After redirecting and fine-tuning the E. cloacae metabolic flux, succinic acid and acetoin production was enhanced, and the combined production titers of acetoin and succinic acid from glucose were 17.75 and 2.75 g L-1, respectively. Moreover, to further improve acetoin and succinic acid production, glucose and NaHCO3 modes and times of feeding were optimized during fermentation of the EC∆budC∆ldhA strain. The maximum titers of acetoin and succinic acid were 39.5 and 20.3 g L-1 at 72 h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The engineered strain EC∆budC∆ldhA is useful for the co-production of acetoin and succinic acid and for reducing microbial fermentation costs by combining processes into a single step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yen Su
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808 China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- China-Latin America Joint Laboratory for Clean Energy and Climate Change, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Hua-Ying Li
- China-Latin America Joint Laboratory for Clean Energy and Climate Change, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Cai-Yun Xie
- China-Latin America Joint Laboratory for Clean Energy and Climate Change, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Qiang Fei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Ke-Ke Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808 China
- China-Latin America Joint Laboratory for Clean Energy and Climate Change, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hao Y, Ma Q, Liu X, Fan X, Men J, Wu H, Jiang S, Tian D, Xiong B, Xie X. High-yield production of L-valine in engineered Escherichia coli by a novel two-stage fermentation. Metab Eng 2020; 62:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
9
|
Characterization and directed evolution of propionyl-CoA carboxylase and its application in succinate biosynthetic pathway with two CO2 fixation reactions. Metab Eng 2020; 62:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Amulya K, Mohan SV. Fixation of CO 2, electron donor and redox microenvironment regulate succinic acid production in Citrobacter amalonaticus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133838. [PMID: 31756859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological sequestration of CO2 for generating value added products is an emerging strategy. Succinic acid (SA) is an important C4 building block chemical, and its biological production via CO2 sequestration, holds many practical applications. This study presents an in-depth insight on SA production using isolated strain belonging to genus Citrobacter, more closely related to Citrobacter amalonaticus by considering critical process parameters such as different carbon sources at various initial concentrations, buffering agent (NaHCO3) concentrations and different pH conditions. The effect of H2 gas as an electron donor and availability of CO2 during SA production was also evaluated. The results from this work demonstrated that the isolated strain depicted the ability to utilize diverse carbon sources and highest SA production was achieved with sucrose as a substrate, indicating that reduced carbon substrates help in maximizing the redox potential. Incorporation of CO2 and H2 not only enhanced the production of SA but also affected the total acids profile favoring the production of SA over lactic, formic and acetic acids. Additional supply of CO2 and H2 led to maximum SA production of 12.07 gL-1, productivity of 0.36 gL-1 h-1 and SA yield of 48.5%. In control operation when no gases were supplied and in other test conditions where either of the gases were supplied, lactic acid was the major end product followed by acetic acid. The positive effect of CO2 for SA production provides scope for sustainable integration of SA and the CO2-generating biofuel industries or industrial side streams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Amulya
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) Campus, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) Campus, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gupta M, Zha J, Zhang X, Jung GY, Linhardt RJ, Koffas MAG. Production of Deuterated Cyanidin 3- O-Glucoside from Recombinant Escherichia coli. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11643-11648. [PMID: 30320269 PMCID: PMC6173498 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant secondary metabolites that, despite their chemical instability, have found many applications as natural food colorants. They are also known for their beneficial health effects because of their antioxidant and anticancer properties. More stable versions of these molecules, particularly at neutral pH conditions, are required to study the anthocyanin pharmacokinetic properties and obtain effective therapeutic results. In the present report, a cost-effective technique was developed to prepare the deuterated anthocyanin using recombinant Escherichia coli as a production host and deuterated glycerol and D2O in the culture media. This approach resulted in the formation of endogenous deuterated uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose that was further incorporated by the recombinant anthocyanin pathway, resulting in the formation of deuterated cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G). The deuterium exchange of O-D and C-D were studied by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry and NMR analysis. The labeled C3G, purified by high-performance LC showed a stable nature at pH 7.0 as compared to nondeuterated C3G.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Gupta
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and
Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Department
of Botany and Environment Studies, DAV University, Jalandhar 144 001, Punjab, India
| | - Jian Zha
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and
Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and
Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience
and Bioengineering, Pohang University of
Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and
Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Mattheos A. G. Koffas
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and
Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu F, Wang Y, San KY, Bennett GN. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to produce succinate from soybean hydrolysate under anaerobic conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1743-1754. [PMID: 29508908 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
It is of great economic interest to produce succinate from low-grade carbon sources, which can enhance the competitiveness of the biological route. In this study, succinate producer Escherichia coli CT550/pHL413KF1 was further engineered to efficiently use the mixed sugars from non-food based soybean hydrolysate to produce succinate under anaerobic conditions. Since many common E. coli strains fail to use galactose anaerobically even if they can use it aerobically, the glucose, and galactose related sugar transporters were deactivated individually and evaluated. The PTS system was found to be important for utilization of mixed sugars, and galactose uptake was activated by deactivating ptsG. In the ptsG- strain, glucose, and galactose were used simultaneously. Glucose was assimilated mainly through the mannose PTS system while galactose was transferred mainly through GalP in a ptsG- strain. A new succinate producing strain, FZ591C which can efficiently produce succinate from the mixed sugars present in soybean hydrolysate was constructed by integration of the high succinate yield producing module and the galactose utilization module into the chromosome of the CT550 ptsG- strain. The succinate yield reached 1.64 mol/mol hexose consumed (95% of maximum theoretical yield) when a mixed sugars feedstock was used as a carbon source. Based on the three monitored sugars, a nominal succinate yield of 1.95 mol/mol was observed as the strain can apparently also use some other minor sugars in the hydrolysate. In this study, we demonstrate that FZ591C can use soybean hydrolysate as an inexpensive carbon source for high yield succinate production under anaerobic conditions, giving it the potential for industrial application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fayin Zhu
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuanshan Wang
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ka-Yiu San
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - George N Bennett
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Current advances of succinate biosynthesis in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:1040-1048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
14
|
Lange J, Takors R, Blombach B. Zero-growth bioprocesses: A challenge for microbial production strains and bioprocess engineering. Eng Life Sci 2016; 17:27-35. [PMID: 32624726 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial fermentation of renewable feedstocks is an established technology in industrial biotechnology. Besides strict aerobic or anaerobic modes of operation, novel innovative and industrially applicable fermentation processes were developed connecting the advantages of aerobic and anaerobic conditions in a combined production approach. As a consequence, rapid aerobic biomass formation to high cell densities and subsequent anaerobic high-yield and zero-growth production is realized. Following this strategy, bioprocesses operating with substantial overall yield and productivity can be obtained. Here, we summarize the current knowledge and achievements in such microbial zero-growth production processes and pinpoint to challenges due to the complex adaptation of the cellular metabolism during the cell's passage from aerobiosis to anaerobiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lange
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Bastian Blombach
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria for the photosynthetic production of succinate. Metab Eng 2016; 38:483-493. [PMID: 27989804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Succinate is an important commodity chemical currently used in the food, pharmaceutical, and polymer industries. It can also be chemically converted into other major industrial chemicals such as 1,4-butanediol, butadiene, and tetrahydrofuran. Here we metabolically engineered a model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 to photosynthetically produce succinate. We expressed the genes encoding for α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase in S. elongatus PCC 7942, resulting in a strain capable of producing 120mg/L of succinate. However, this recombinant strain exhibited severe growth retardation upon induction of the genes encoding for the succinate producing pathway, potentially due to the depletion of α-ketoglutarate. To replenish α-ketoglutarate, we expressed the genes encoding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and citrate synthase from Corynebacterium glutamicum into the succinate producing strain. The resulting strain successfully restored the growth phenotype and produced succinate with a titer of 430mg/L in 8 days. These results demonstrated the possibility of photoautotrophic succinate production.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Z, Xiao W, Zhang A, Ying H, Chen K, Ouyang P. Potential industrial application of Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113 for pyruvic acid production by microaerobic fermentation. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
17
|
Unden G, Strecker A, Kleefeld A, Kim OB. C4-Dicarboxylate Utilization in Aerobic and Anaerobic Growth. EcoSal Plus 2016; 7. [PMID: 27415771 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0021-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
C4-dicarboxylates and the C4-dicarboxylic amino acid l-aspartate support aerobic and anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli and related bacteria. In aerobic growth, succinate, fumarate, D- and L-malate, L-aspartate, and L-tartrate are metabolized by the citric acid cycle and associated reactions. Because of the interruption of the citric acid cycle under anaerobic conditions, anaerobic metabolism of C4-dicarboxylates depends on fumarate reduction to succinate (fumarate respiration). In some related bacteria (e.g., Klebsiella), utilization of C4-dicarboxylates, such as tartrate, is independent of fumarate respiration and uses a Na+-dependent membrane-bound oxaloacetate decarboxylase. Uptake of the C4-dicarboxylates into the bacteria (and anaerobic export of succinate) is achieved under aerobic and anaerobic conditions by different sets of secondary transporters. Expression of the genes for C4-dicarboxylate metabolism is induced in the presence of external C4-dicarboxylates by the membrane-bound DcuS-DcuR two-component system. Noncommon C4-dicarboxylates like l-tartrate or D-malate are perceived by cytoplasmic one-component sensors/transcriptional regulators. This article describes the pathways of aerobic and anaerobic C4-dicarboxylate metabolism and their regulation. The citric acid cycle, fumarate respiration, and fumarate reductase are covered in other articles and discussed here only in the context of C4-dicarboxylate metabolism. Recent aspects of C4-dicarboxylate metabolism like transport, sensing, and regulation will be treated in more detail. This article is an updated version of an article published in 2004 in EcoSal Plus. The update includes new literature, but, in particular, the sections on the metabolism of noncommon C4-dicarboxylates and their regulation, on the DcuS-DcuR regulatory system, and on succinate production by engineered E. coli are largely revised or new.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gottfried Unden
- Institute for Microbiology und Wine Research, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Strecker
- Institute for Microbiology und Wine Research, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kleefeld
- Institute for Microbiology und Wine Research, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ok Bin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 120-750 Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yamauchi Y, Hirasawa T, Nishii M, Furusawa C, Shimizu H. Enhanced acetic acid and succinic acid production under microaerobic conditions by Corynebacterium glutamicum harboring Escherichia coli transhydrogenase gene pntAB. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2015; 60:112-8. [PMID: 25008167 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.60.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Some microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, harbor transhydrogenases that catalyze the interconversion between NADPH and NADH. However, such transhydrogenase genes have not been found in the genome of a glutamic acid-producing bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum. In this study, the E. coli transhydrogenase genes udhA and pntAB were introduced into the C. glutamicum wild-type strain ATCC 13032, and the metabolic characteristics of the recombinant strains under aerobic and microaerobic conditions were examined. No major metabolic changes were observed following the introduction of the E. coli transhydrogenase genes under aerobic conditions. Under microaerobic conditions, significant metabolic change was not observed following the introduction of the udhA gene. However, the specific production rates of lactic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid, and the overall production levels of acetic acid and succinic acid were increased by introducing the E. coli pntAB gene. Moreover, the NADH/NAD(+) ratio was increased by introduction of pntAB. Our results suggest that the E. coli PntAB transhydrogenase enhances the conversion of NADPH to NADH in C. glutamicum under microaerobic conditions, and the increased NADH/NAD(+) ratio results in increased succinic acid production. In addition, acetic acid production might be enhanced to supply ATP to the anaplerotic reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Yamauchi
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang J, Wen B, Xu Q, Xie X, Chen N. Optimization of carbon source and glucose feeding strategy for improvement of L-isoleucine production by Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015; 29:374-380. [PMID: 26019655 PMCID: PMC4433842 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1006899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fed-batch cultivations of L-isoleucine-producing Escherichia coli TRFP (SGr, α-ABAr, with a pTHR101 plasmid containing a thr operon and ilvA) were carried out on different carbon sources: glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose and glycerol. The results indicated that sucrose was the best initial carbon source for L-isoleucine production and then sucrose concentration of 30 g·L−1 was determined in the production medium. The results of different carbon sources feeding showed that the glucose solution was the most suitable feeding media. The dissolved oxygen (DO) of L-isoleucine fermentation was maintained at 5%, 15% and 30% with DO-stat feeding, respectively. The results indicated that when the DO level was maintained at 30%, the highest biomass and L-isoleucine production were obtained. The accumulation of acetate was decreased and the production of L-isoleucine was increased markedly, when the glucose concentration was maintained at 0.15 g·L−1 by using glucose-stat feeding. Finally, the glucose concentration was maintained at 0.10 g·L−1 and the DO level was controlled at approximately 30% during the whole fermentation period, using the combined feeding strategy of glucose-stat feeding and DO feedback feeding. The acetate accumulation was decreased to 7.23 g·L−1, and biomass and production of L-isoleucine were increased to 46.8 and 11.95 g·L−1, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun , Jilin , China
| | - Bing Wen
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China ; Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology of Education Ministry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China ; Tianjin Research Institute of Industrial Microbiology , Tianjin , China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China ; Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology of Education Ministry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China
| | - Xixian Xie
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China ; Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology of Education Ministry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China
| | - Ning Chen
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China ; Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology of Education Ministry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Q, Xing J. Microbial Succinic Acid Production Using Different Bacteria Species. MICROORGANISMS IN BIOREFINERIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-45209-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
21
|
Yang L, Srinivasan S, Mahadevan R, Cluett WR. Characterizing metabolic pathway diversification in the context of perturbation size. Metab Eng 2014; 28:114-122. [PMID: 25542850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell metabolism is an important platform for sustainable biofuel, chemical and pharmaceutical production but its complexity presents a major challenge for scientists and engineers. Although in silico strains have been designed in the past with predicted performances near the theoretical maximum, real-world performance is often sub-optimal. Here, we simulate how strain performance is impacted when subjected to many randomly varying perturbations, including discrepancies between gene expression and in vivo flux, osmotic stress, and substrate uptake perturbations due to concentration gradients in bioreactors. This computational study asks whether robust performance can be achieved by adopting robustness-enhancing mechanisms from naturally evolved organisms-in particular, redundancy. Our study shows that redundancy, typically perceived as a ubiquitous robustness-enhancing strategy in nature, can either improve or undermine robustness depending on the magnitude of the perturbations. We also show that the optimal number of redundant pathways used can be predicted for a given perturbation size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E5
| | - Shyamsundhar Srinivasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E5
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E5; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9.
| | - William R Cluett
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E5
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Effects of eliminating pyruvate node pathways and of coexpression of heterogeneous carboxylation enzymes on succinate production by Enterobacter aerogenes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:929-37. [PMID: 25416770 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03213-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lowering the pH in bacterium-based succinate fermentation is considered a feasible approach to reduce total production costs. Newly isolated Enterobacter aerogenes strain AJ110637, a rapid carbon source assimilator under weakly acidic (pH 5.0) conditions, was selected as a platform for succinate production. Our previous work showed that the ΔadhE/PCK strain, developed from AJ110637 with inactivated ethanol dehydrogenase and introduced Actinobacillus succinogenes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK), generated succinate as a major product of anaerobic mixed-acid fermentation from glucose under weakly acidic conditions (pH <6.2). To further improve the production of succinate by the ΔadhE/PCK strain, metabolically engineered strains were designed based on the elimination of pathways that produced undesirable products and the introduction of two carboxylation pathways from phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate to oxaloacetate. The highest production of succinate was observed with strain ES04/PCK+PYC, which had inactivated ethanol, lactate, acetate, and 2,3-butanediol pathways and coexpressed PCK and Corynebacterium glutamicum pyruvate carboxylase (PYC). This strain produced succinate from glucose with over 70% yield (gram per gram) without any measurable formation of ethanol, lactate, or 2,3-butanediol under weakly acidic conditions. The impact of lowering the pH from 7.0 to 5.5 on succinate production in this strain was evaluated under pH-controlled batch culture conditions and showed that the lower pH decreased the succinate titer but increased its yield. These findings can be applied to identify additional engineering targets to increase succinate production.
Collapse
|
23
|
Tan JP, Md. Jahim J, Wu TY, Harun S, Kim BH, Mohammad AW. Insight into Biomass as a Renewable Carbon Source for the Production of Succinic Acid and the Factors Affecting the Metabolic Flux toward Higher Succinate Yield. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie502178j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ta Yeong Wu
- Chemical
Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan
Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ma J, Li F, Liu R, Liang L, Ji Y, Wei C, Jiang M, Jia H, Ouyang P. Succinic acid production from sucrose and molasses by metabolically engineered E. coli using a cell surface display system. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
25
|
The transport and mediation mechanisms of the common sugars in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:905-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
26
|
Zhu X, Tan Z, Xu H, Chen J, Tang J, Zhang X. Metabolic evolution of two reducing equivalent-conserving pathways for high-yield succinate production in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2014; 24:87-96. [PMID: 24831708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Reducing equivalents are an important cofactor for efficient synthesis of target products. During metabolic evolution to improve succinate production in Escherichia coli strains, two reducing equivalent-conserving pathways were activated to increase succinate yield. The sensitivity of pyruvate dehydrogenase to NADH inhibition was eliminated by three nucleotide mutations in the lpdA gene. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity increased under anaerobic conditions, which provided additional NADH. The pentose phosphate pathway and transhydrogenase were activated by increased activities of transketolase and soluble transhydrogenase SthA. These data suggest that more carbon flux went through the pentose phosphate pathway, thus leading to production of more reducing equivalent in the form of NADPH, which was then converted to NADH through soluble transhydrogenase for succinate production. Reverse metabolic engineering was further performed in a parent strain, which was not metabolically evolved, to verify the effects of activating these two reducing equivalent-conserving pathways for improving succinate yield. Activating pyruvate dehydrogenase increased succinate yield from 1.12 to 1.31mol/mol, whereas activating the pentose phosphate pathway and transhydrogenase increased succinate yield from 1.12 to 1.33mol/mol. Activating these two pathways in combination led to a succinate yield of 1.5mol/mol (88% of theoretical maximum), suggesting that they exhibited a synergistic effect for improving succinate yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zaigao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Jinlei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alonso S, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Microbial production of specialty organic acids from renewable and waste materials. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 35:497-513. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.904269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
28
|
Jiang M, Dai W, Xi Y, Wu M, Kong X, Ma J, Zhang M, Chen K, Wei P. Succinic acid production from sucrose by Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 153:327-332. [PMID: 24393713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sucrose, a reproducible disaccharide extracted from plants, was used as the carbon source for the production of succinic acid by Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113. During serum bottle fermentation, the succinic acid concentration reached 57.1g/L with a yield of 71.5%. Further analysis of the sucrose utilization pathways revealed that sucrose was transported and utilized via a sucrose phosphotransferase system, sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase, and a fructose PTS. Compared to glucose utilization in single pathway, more pathways of A. succinogenes NJ113 are dependent on sucrose utilization. By changing the control strategy in a fed-batch culture to alleviate sucrose inhibition, 60.5g/L of succinic acid was accumulated with a yield of 82.9%, and the productivity increased by 35.2%, reaching 2.16g/L/h. Thus utilization of sucrose has considerable potential economics and environmental meaning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Wenyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yonglan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Mingke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xiangping Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jiangfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ito Y, Hirasawa T, Shimizu H. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to improve succinic acid production based on metabolic profiling. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:151-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.877816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We performed metabolic engineering on the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for enhanced production of succinic acid. Aerobic succinic acid production in S. cerevisiae was achieved by disrupting the SDH1 and SDH2 genes, which encode the catalytic subunits of succinic acid dehydrogenase. Increased succinic acid production was achieved by eliminating the ethanol biosynthesis pathways. Metabolic profiling analysis revealed that succinic acid accumulated intracellularly following disruption of the SDH1 and SDH2 genes, which suggests that enhancing the export of intracellular succinic acid outside of cells increases succinic acid production in S. cerevisiae. The mae1 gene encoding the Schizosaccharomyces pombe malic acid transporter was introduced into S. cerevisiae, and as a result, succinic acid production was successfully improved. Metabolic profiling analysis is useful in producing chemicals for metabolic engineering of microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Ito
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirasawa
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen X, Zhou L, Tian K, Kumar A, Singh S, Prior BA, Wang Z. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli: A sustainable industrial platform for bio-based chemical production. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1200-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
31
|
Zhu LW, Li XH, Zhang L, Li HM, Liu JH, Yuan ZP, Chen T, Tang YJ. Activation of glyoxylate pathway without the activation of its related gene in succinate-producing engineered Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2013; 20:9-19. [PMID: 23876414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, glyoxylate pathway in the biosynthesis of succinate was activated without the genetic manipulations of any gene related with glyoxylate pathway. Furthermore, the inactivation of succinate biosynthesis by-products genes encoding acetate kinase (ackA) and phosphotransacetylase (pta) was proven to be the key factor to activate glyoxylate pathway in the metabolically engineered Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions. In order to enhance the succinate biosynthesis specifically, the genes (i.e., ldhA, ptsG, ackA-pta, focA-pflB, adhE) that disrupt by-products biosynthesis pathways were combinatorially deleted, while the E. coli malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was overexpression. The highest succinate production of 150.78 mM was obtained with YJ003 (ΔldhA, ptsG, ackA-pta), which were 5-folds higher than that obtained with wild type control strain DY329 (25.13 mM). For further understand the metabolic response as a result of several genetic manipulations, an anaerobic stoichiometric model that takes into account the glyoxylate pathway have successfully been implemented to estimate the intracellular fluxes in various recombinant E. coli. The fraction to the glyoxylate pathway from OAA in DY329 was 0 and 31% in YJ003, which indicated that even without the absence of the iclR mutation; the glyoxylate pathway was also activated by deleting the by-products biosynthetic genes, and to be responsible for the higher succinate yields. For further strengthen glyoxylate pathway, a two-stage fed-batch fermentation process was developed by using a 600 g l(-1) glucose feed to achieve a cell growth rate of 0.07 h(-1) in aerobic fermentation, and using a 750 g l(-1) glucose feed to maintain the residual glucose concentration around 40 g l(-1) when its residual level decreased to 10gl(-1) in anaerobic fermentation. The best mutant strain YJ003/pTrc99A-mdh produces final succinate concentration of 274 mM by fed-batch culture, which was 10-folds higher than that obtained with wild type control strain DY329. This study discovered that glyoxylate pathway could be activated by deleting glyoxylate pathway irrelevant genes (i.e., genes encoding acetate and lactate) and consequently the succinate biosynthesis was effectively improved. This work provides useful information for the modification of metabolic pathway to improve succinate production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Metabolic engineering of Lactobacillus plantarum for succinic acid production through activation of the reductive branch of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 53:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
33
|
Jiang C, Liu Y, Meng C, Wu L, Huang J, Deng J, Wang J, Shen P, Wu B. Expression of a metagenome-derived fumarate reductase from marine microorganisms and its characterization. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 58:663-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
34
|
Improved succinate production by metabolic engineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:538790. [PMID: 23691505 PMCID: PMC3652112 DOI: 10.1155/2013/538790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Succinate is a promising chemical which has wide applications and can be produced by biological route. The history of the biosuccinate production shows that the joint effort of different metabolic engineering approaches brings successful results. In order to enhance the succinate production, multiple metabolical strategies have been sought. In this review, different overproducers for succinate production, including natural succinate overproducers and metabolic engineered overproducers, are examined and the metabolic engineering strategies and performances are discussed. Modification of the mechanism of substrate transportation, knocking-out genes responsible for by-products accumulation, overexpression of the genes directly involved in the pathway, and improvement of internal NADH and ATP formation are some of the strategies applied. Combination of the appropriate genes from homologous and heterologous hosts, extension of substrate, integrated production of succinate, and other high-value-added products are expected to bring a desired objective of producing succinate from renewable resources economically and efficiently.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim JR, Kim SH, Lee SY, Lee PC. Construction of homologous and heterologous synthetic sucrose utilizing modules and their application for carotenoid production in recombinant Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 130:288-295. [PMID: 23313673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is one of the most promising carbon sources for industrial fermentation. We expressed synthetic modules expressing genes of the PEP-PTS and non-PTS pathways in Escherichia coli K12 for comparison. We selected PEP-PTS pathway genes of Lactobacillus plantarum and Staphylococcus xylosus and non-PTS pathway genes of sucrose-utilizing (Scr(+)) E. coli EC3132. Switchable Scr(+) modules expressing E. coli EC3132 non-PTS genes conferred better sucrose-utilizing ability on Scr(-)E. coli K12 than E. coli EC3132. Scr(+) modules expressing S. xylosus PEP-PTS genes conferred a sucrose-utilizing ability on E. coli K12. Among L. plantarum PEP-PTS genes, SacA(LP) and SacK(LP) were functional in E. coli K12. CscA(EC)-CscB(EC)-CscK(EC) (non-PEP-PTS module) or ScrA(SX)-SacA(LP)-SacK(LP) (PEP-PTS module) was introduced to a diapolycopene-producing E. coli strain. In both Scr(+)E. coli K12, the sucrose-utilizing ability of the modules was not affected by diapolycopene formation, indicating that the modular Scr(+) systems could be employed for developing sustainable bioprocesses using sucrose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Rae Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cai X, Servinsky M, Kiel J, Sund C, Bennett GN. Analysis of redox responses during TNT transformation by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and mutants exhibiting altered metabolism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:4651-63. [PMID: 22843424 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) by several mutant strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum has been examined to analyze the maximal rate of initial transformation, determine the effects of metabolic mutations of the host on transformation rate, and to assess the cell metabolic changes brought about during TNT transformation. Little difference in the maximal rate of TNT degradation in early acid phase cultures was found between the parental ATCC 824 strain and strains altered in the acid forming pathways (phosphotransacetylase, or butyrate kinase) or in a high-solvent-producing strain (mutant B). This result is in agreement with the previous findings of a similar degradation rate in a degenerate strain (M5) that had lost the ability to produce solvent. A series of antisense constructs were made that reduced the expression of hydA, encoding the Fe-hydrogenase, or hydE and hydF, genes encoding hydrogenase maturating proteins. While the antisense hydA strain had only ∼30 % of the activity of wild type, the antisense hydE strain exhibited a TNT degradation rate around 70 % that of the parent. Overexpression of hydA modestly increased the TNT degradation rate in acid phase cells, suggesting the amount of reductant flowing into hydrogenase rather than the hydrogenase level itself was a limiting factor in many situations. The redox potential, hydrogen evolution, and organic acid metabolites produced during rapid TNT transformation in early log phase cultures were measured. The redox potential of the acid-producing culture decreased from -370 to -200 mV immediately after addition of TNT and the hydrogen evolution rate decreased, lowering the hydrogen to carbon dioxide ratio from 1.4 to around 1.1 for 15 min. During the time of TNT transformation, the treated acidogenic cells produced less acetate and more butyrate. The results show that during TNT transformation, the cells shift metabolism away from hydrogen formation to reduction of TNT and the resulting effects on cell redox cofactors generate a higher proportion of butyrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Cai
- Conagen Inc, Suite 238, 1005 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hoefel T, Faust G, Reinecke L, Rudinger N, Weuster-Botz D. Comparative reaction engineering studies for succinic acid production from sucrose by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli in fed-batch-operated stirred tank bioreactors. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:1277-87. [PMID: 22588847 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a comparative reaction engineering analysis of metabolically engineered sucrose-utilizing Escherichia coli derived from E. coli K12 MG1655 for the anaerobic production of succinic acid. Production capacities of 16 different recombinant strains were evaluated in 48 parallel fed-batch-operated milliliter-scale stirred tank bioreactors (10 mL) with continuous CO₂ sparging. The effects of recombinant sucrose-utilization systems (csc-operon or scr-operon), enhancements of anaplerotic reactions (pck, ppc, maeA, maeB or heterologous pyc) and gene deletions (ldhA, adhE, ack-pta and ptsG) were studied with respect to the overall process performances of the respective recombinant strains. Both sucrose-utilization systems enabled the production of succinic acid from sucrose in E. coli K12 MG1655. Maximum succinate production was observed by overexpressing the pyruvate carboxylase from Corynebacterium glutamicum resulting in a succinate concentration of 26.8 g L⁻¹ after 48 h and a cell-specific productivity of 0.14 g g⁻¹ h⁻¹. Further experiments in a fed-batch-operated laboratory-scale stirred tank bioreactor (2 L) showed that micro-aerobic conditions preceding the anaerobic phase enhance succinic acid production of E. coli K12 MG1655-derived strains. The work demonstrates the importance of parallel approaches within the scope of applied metabolic engineering studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torben Hoefel
- Lehrstuhl für Bioverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chan S, Kanchanatawee S, Jantama K. Production of succinic acid from sucrose and sugarcane molasses by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 103:329-336. [PMID: 22023966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose-utilizing genes (cscKB and cscA) from Escherichia coli KO11 were cloned and expressed in a metabolically engineered E. coli KJ122 to enhance succinate production from sucrose. KJ122 harboring a recombinant plasmid, pKJSUC, was screened for the efficient sucrose utilization by growth-based selection and adaptation. KJ122-pKJSUC-24T efficiently utilized sucrose in a low-cost medium to produce high succinate concentration with less accumulation of by-products. Succinate concentrations of 51 g/L (productivity equal to 1.05 g/L/h) were produced from sucrose in anaerobic bottles, and concentrations of 47 g/L were produced in 10L bioreactor within 48 h. Antibiotics had no effect on the succinate production by KJ122-pKJSUC-24T. In addition, succinate concentrations of 62 g/L were produced from sugarcane molasses in anaerobic bottles, and concentrations of 56 g/L in 10 L bioreactor within 72 h. These results demonstrated that KJ122-pKJSUC-24T would be a potential strain for bio-based succinate production from sucrose and sugarcane molasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sitha Chan
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Ave., Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Thakker C, Martínez I, San KY, Bennett GN. Succinate production in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J 2011; 7:213-24. [PMID: 21932253 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Succinate has been recognized as an important platform chemical that can be produced from biomass. While a number of organisms are capable of succinate production naturally, this review focuses on the engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of four-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Important features of a succinate production system are to achieve an optimal balance of reducing equivalents generated by consumption of the feedstock, while maximizing the amount of carbon channeled into the product. Aerobic and anaerobic production strains have been developed and applied to production from glucose and other abundant carbon sources. Metabolic engineering methods and strain evolution have been used and supplemented by the recent application of systems biology and in silico modeling tools to construct optimal production strains. The metabolic capacity of the production strain, the requirement for efficient recovery of succinate, and the reliability of the performance under scaleup are important in the overall process. The costs of the overall biorefinery-compatible process will determine the economic commercialization of succinate and its impact in larger chemical markets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandresh Thakker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|