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Roca-Rivada A, Do Cruzeiro M, Denis RG, Zhang Q, Rouault C, Rouillé Y, Launay JM, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Mattot V, Clément K, Jockers R, Dam J. Whole-body deletion of Endospanin 1 protects from obesity-associated deleterious metabolic alterations. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e168418. [PMID: 38716728 PMCID: PMC11141941 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of the proper localization of most receptors at the cell surface is often underestimated, although this feature is essential for optimal receptor response. Endospanin 1 (Endo1) (also known as OBRGRP or LEPROT) is a protein generated from the same gene as the human leptin receptor and regulates the trafficking of proteins to the surface, including the leptin receptor. The systemic role of Endo1 on whole-body metabolism has not been studied so far. Here, we report that general Endo1-KO mice fed a high-fat diet develop metabolically healthy obesity with lipid repartitioning in organs and preferential accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, limited systematic inflammation, and better controlled glucose homeostasis. Mechanistically, Endo1 interacts with the lipid translocase CD36, thus regulating its surface abundance and lipid uptake in adipocytes. In humans, the level of Endo1 transcripts is increased in the adipose tissue of patients with obesity, but low levels rather correlate with a profile of metabolically healthy obesity. We suggest here that Endo1, most likely by controlling CD36 cell surface abundance and lipid uptake in adipocytes, dissociates obesity from diabetes and that its absence participates in metabolically healthy obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Roca-Rivada
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Marcio Do Cruzeiro
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël G.P. Denis
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Christine Rouault
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches, Nutriomics, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Virginie Mattot
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches, Nutriomics, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
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Cha YJ, Chang IA, Jin EH, Song JH, Hong JH, Jung JG, Sunwoo J. Association between LEPR Genotype and Gut Microbiome in Healthy Non-Obese Korean Adults. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:146-153. [PMID: 37503756 PMCID: PMC10762272 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The LEPR (leptin receptor) genotype is associated with obesity. Gut microbiome composition differs between obese and non-obese adults. However, the impact of LEPR genotype on gut microbiome composition in humans has not yet been studied. In this study, the association between LEPR single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1173100, rs1137101, and rs790419) and the gut microbiome composition in 65 non-obese Korean adults was investigated. Leptin, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also measured in all participants. Mean ± SD (standard deviation) of age, body mass index, and leptin hormone levels of participants was 35.2 ± 8.1 years, 21.4 ± 1.8 kg/m2, and 7989.1 ± 6687.4 pg/mL, respectively. Gut microbiome analysis was performed at the phylum level by 16S rRNA sequencing. Among the 11 phyla detected, only one showed significantly different relative abundances between LEPR genotypes. The relative abundance of Candidatus Saccharibacteria was higher in the G/A genotype group than in the G/G genotype group for the rs1137101 single nucleotide polymorphism (p=0.0322). Participant characteristics, including body mass index, leptin levels, and other lipid levels, were similar between the rs1137101 G/G and G/A genotypes. In addition, the relative abundances of Fusobacteria and Tenericutes showed significant positive relationship with plasma leptin concentrations (p=0.0036 and p=0.0000, respectively). In conclusion, LEPR genotype and gut microbiome may be associated even in normal-weight Korean adults. However, further studies with a greater number of obese adults are needed to confirm whether LEPR genotype is related to gut microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Cha
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ae Chang
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Heui Jin
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Song
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hee Hong
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Gyu Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sunwoo
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Besci Ö, Fırat SN, Özen S, Çetinkaya S, Akın L, Kör Y, Pekkolay Z, Özalkak Ş, Özsu E, Erdeve ŞS, Poyrazoğlu Ş, Berberoğlu M, Aydın M, Omma T, Akıncı B, Demir K, Oral EA. A National Multicenter Study of Leptin and Leptin Receptor Deficiency and Systematic Review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2371-2388. [PMID: 36825860 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Homozygous leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) variants lead to childhood-onset obesity. OBJECTIVE To present new cases with LEP and LEPR deficiency, report the long-term follow-up of previously described patients, and to define, based on all reported cases in literature, genotype-phenotype relationships. METHODS Our cohort included 18 patients (LEP = 11, LEPR = 7), 8 of whom had been previously reported. A systematic literature review was conducted in July 2022. Forty-two of 47 studies on LEP/LEPR were selected. RESULTS Of 10 new cases, 2 novel pathogenic variants were identified in LEP (c.16delC) and LEPR (c.40 + 5G > C). Eleven patients with LEP deficiency received metreleptin, 4 of whom had been treated for over 20 years. One patient developed loss of efficacy associated with neutralizing antibody development. Of 152 patients, including 134 cases from the literature review in addition to our cases, frameshift variants were the most common (48%) in LEP and missense variants (35%) in LEPR. Patients with LEP deficiency were diagnosed at a younger age [3 (9) vs 7 (13) years, P = .02] and had a higher median body mass index (BMI) SD score [3.1 (2) vs 2.8 (1) kg/m2, P = 0.02], which was more closely associated with frameshift variants (P = .02). Patients with LEP deficiency were more likely to have hyperinsulinemia (P = .02). CONCLUSION Frameshift variants were more common in patients with LEP deficiency whereas missense variants were more common in LEPR deficiency. Patients with LEP deficiency were identified at younger ages, had higher BMI SD scores, and had higher rates of hyperinsulinemia than patients with LEPR deficiency. Eleven patients benefitted from long-term metreleptin, with 1 losing efficacy due to neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Besci
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Sevde Nur Fırat
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Samim Özen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Semra Çetinkaya
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Health Sciences University, Dr Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Health and Disease, Health Implementation and Research Center, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Leyla Akın
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55030, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Kör
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Adana Public Hospitals Association, Adana City Hospital, Adana 01040, Turkey
| | - Zafer Pekkolay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey
| | - Şervan Özalkak
- Division Pediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakir Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır 21070, Turkey
| | - Elif Özsu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Şenay Savaş Erdeve
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Health Sciences University, Dr Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Health and Disease, Health Implementation and Research Center, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Şükran Poyrazoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Merih Berberoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Murat Aydın
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55030, Turkey
| | - Tülay Omma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Barış Akıncı
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Korcan Demir
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Elif Arioglu Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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4
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Mazen IH, El-Gammal MA, Elaidy AA, Anwar GM, Ashaat EA, Abdel-Ghafar SF, Abdel-Hamid MS. Congenital leptin and leptin receptor deficiencies in nine new families: identification of six novel variants and review of literature. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:919-929. [PMID: 37140700 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Early childhood obesity is a real public health problem worldwide. Identifying the etiologies, especially treatable and preventable causes, can direct health professionals toward proper management. Measurement of serum leptin levels is helpful in the diagnosis of congenital leptin and leptin receptor deficiencies which are considered important rare causes of early childhood obesity. The main aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of LEP, LEPR, and MC4R gene variants among a cohort of Egyptian patients with severe early onset obesity. The current cross-sectional study included 30 children who developed obesity during the first year of life with BMI > 2SD (for age and sex). The studied patients were subjected to full medical history taking, anthropometric measurements, serum leptin and insulin assays, and genetic testing of LEP, LEPR and MC4R. Disease causing variants in LEP and LEPR were identified in 10/30 patients with a detection rate of 30%. Eight different homozygous variants (two pathogenic, three likely pathogenic, and three variants of uncertain significant) were identified in the two genes, including six previously unreported LEPR variants. Of them, a new frameshift variant in LEPR gene (c.1045delT, p.S349Lfs*22) was recurrent in two unrelated families and seems to have a founder effect in our population. In conclusion, we reported ten new patients with leptin and leptin receptor deficiencies and identified six novel LEPR variants expanding the mutational spectrum of this rare disorder. Furthermore, the diagnosis of these patients helped us in genetic counseling and patients' managements specially with the availability of drugs for LEP and LEPR deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas H Mazen
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Gammal
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya A Elaidy
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Anwar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Ashaat
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif F Abdel-Ghafar
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Eltahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Eltahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt.
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Spagnoli C, Fusco C, Pisani F. Pediatric-Onset Epilepsy and Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathies Followed by Early-Onset Parkinsonism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043796. [PMID: 36835207 PMCID: PMC9965035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic early-onset Parkinsonism is unique due to frequent co-occurrence of hyperkinetic movement disorder(s) (MD), or additional neurological of systemic findings, including epilepsy in up to 10-15% of cases. Based on both the classification of Parkinsonism in children proposed by Leuzzi and coworkers and the 2017 ILAE epilepsies classification, we performed a literature review in PubMed. A few discrete presentations can be identified: Parkinsonism as a late manifestation of complex neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DE-EE), with multiple, refractory seizure types and severely abnormal EEG characteristics, with or without preceding hyperkinetic MD; Parkinsonism in the context of syndromic conditions with unspecific reduced seizure threshold in infancy and childhood; neurodegenerative conditions with brain iron accumulation, in which childhood DE-EE is followed by neurodegeneration; and finally, monogenic juvenile Parkinsonism, in which a subset of patients with intellectual disability or developmental delay (ID/DD) develop hypokinetic MD between 10 and 30 years of age, following unspecific, usually well-controlled, childhood epilepsy. This emerging group of genetic conditions leading to epilepsy or DE-EE in childhood followed by juvenile Parkinsonism highlights the need for careful long-term follow-up, especially in the context of ID/DD, in order to readily identify individuals at increased risk of later Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Spagnoli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Maria Nuova, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0522-296033
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Maria Nuova, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Nalbantoğlu Ö, Hazan F, Acar S, Gürsoy S, Özkan B. Screening of non-syndromic early-onset child and adolescent obese patients in terms of LEP, LEPR, MC4R and POMC gene variants by next-generation sequencing. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:1041-1050. [PMID: 35801948 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-syndromic monogenic obesity is a rare cause of early-onset severe obesity in the childhood period. The aim of this study was to screen four obesity related genes (LEP, LEPR, MC4R and POMC) in children and adolescents who had severe, non-syndromic early onset obesity. METHODS Next-generation sequencing of all exons in LEP, LEPR, MC4R and POMC was performed in 154 children and adolescents with early onset severe obesity obesity. RESULTS Fifteen different variants in nineteen patients were identified with a variant detection rate of 12.3%. While six different heterozygous variants were observed in MC4R gene (10/154 patients; 6.5%), five different variants in POMC gene (four of them were heterozygous and one of them was homozygous) (6/154 patients; 3.9%) and four different homozygous variants in LEPR gene (3/154 patients; 1.9%) were described. However, no variants were detected in the LEP gene. The most common pathogenic variant was c.496G>A in MC4R gene, which was detected in four unrelated patients. Six novel variants (6/15 variants; 40%) were described in seven patients. Four of them including c.233C>A and c.752T>C in MC4R gene and c.761dup and c.1221dup in LEPR gene were evaluated as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, MC4R variants are the most common genetic cause of monogenic early-onset obesity, consistent with the literature. The c.496G>A variant in MC4R gene is highly prevalent in early-onset obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Nalbantoğlu
- Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. BehçetUz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Filiz Hazan
- Clinic of Medical Genetics, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. BehçetUz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sezer Acar
- Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. BehçetUz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Semra Gürsoy
- Clinic of Pediatric Genetics, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. BehçetUz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Behzat Özkan
- Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. BehçetUz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
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7
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Kim J, Lee M. RMR-Related DNAJC6 Expression Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081331. [PMID: 35456010 PMCID: PMC9031806 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity causes various complications such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In a pilot GWAS study, we screened the DNAJC6 gene which is significantly related to the resting metabolic rate (RMR) in childhood obesity. With DNAJC6-overexpressed 3T3-L1 cells (TgHsp), we investigated the new obesity mechanism caused by an energy imbalance. After differentiation, lipid droplets (Oil red O staining) were not formed in TgHsp cells compared to the control. TgHsp preadipocyte fibroblast morphology was also not clearly observed in the cell morphology assay (DAPI/BODIPY). In TgHsp cells, the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and aP2 (adipogenesis-related biomarkers) decreased 3-, 39-, and 200-fold, respectively. The expression of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin from adipose tissues also decreased 2.4- and 840-fold, respectively. In addition, the levels of pHSL(Ser563) and free glycerol, which are involved in lipolysis, were significantly lower in TgHsp cells than in the control. The reduction in insulin receptor expression in TgHsp cells suppressed insulin signaling systems such as AKT phosphorylation, and GLUT4 expression. Degradation of IRS-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was caused by chronic exposure to insulin, but not TgHsp. Mitochondrial functions such as oxygen consumption and ATP production, as well as proton leak and UCP1 protein expression, decreased in TgHsp cells compared to the control. Moreover, autophagy was observed by increasing autophagosomal proteins, LC3, on Day 8 of differentiation in TgHsp cells. Through our first report on the DNAJC6 gene related to RMR, we found a new mechanism related to energy metabolism in obesity. DNAJC6 expression positively suppressed adipogenesis, leading to the subsequent resistance of lipolysis, adipokine expression, insulin signaling, and mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea;
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul 04514, Korea
| | - Myoungsook Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea;
- Research Institute of Obesity Sciences, Sungshin Women’s University, Kangbuk-ku, Seoul 01133, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-920-7211
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8
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Juriaans AF, Kerkhof GF, Hokken-Koelega ACS. The Spectrum of the Prader-Willi-like Pheno- and Genotype: A Review of the Literature. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:1-18. [PMID: 34460908 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic syndrome, caused by the loss of expression of the paternal chromosome 15q11-q13 region. Over the past years, many cases of patients with characteristics similar to PWS, but without a typical genetic aberration of the 15q11-q13 region, have been described. These patients are often labelled as Prader-Willi-like (PWL). PWL is an as-yet poorly defined syndrome, potentially affecting a significant number of children and adults. In the current clinical practice, patients labelled as PWL are mostly left without treatment options. Considering the similarities with PWS, children with PWL might benefit from the same care and treatment as children with PWS. This review gives more insight into the pheno- and genotype of PWL and includes 86 papers, containing 368 cases of patients with a PWL phenotype. We describe mutations and aberrations for consideration when suspicion of PWS remains after negative testing. The most common genetic diagnoses were Temple syndrome (formerly known as maternal uniparental disomy 14), Schaaf-Yang syndrome (truncating mutation in the MAGEL2 gene), 1p36 deletion, 2p deletion, 6q deletion, 6q duplication, 15q deletion, 15q duplication, 19p deletion, fragile X syndrome, and Xq duplication. We found that the most prevalent symptoms in the entire group were developmental delay/intellectual disability (76%), speech problems (64%), overweight/obesity (57%), hypotonia (56%), and psychobehavioral problems (53%). In addition, we propose a diagnostic approach to patients with a PWL phenotype for (pediatric) endocrinologists. PWL comprises a complex and diverse group of patients, which calls for multidisciplinary care with an individualized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia F Juriaans
- National Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Prader-Willi-like, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerthe F Kerkhof
- National Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Prader-Willi-like, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
- National Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Prader-Willi-like, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Berger C, Klöting N. Leptin Receptor Compound Heterozygosity in Humans and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4475. [PMID: 33922961 PMCID: PMC8123313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin and its receptor are essential for regulating food intake, energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis and fertility. Mutations within leptin or the leptin receptor cause early-onset obesity and hyperphagia, as described in human and animal models. The effect of both heterozygous and homozygous variants is much more investigated than compound heterozygous ones. Recently, we discovered a spontaneous compound heterozygous mutation within the leptin receptor, resulting in a considerably more obese phenotype than described for the homozygous leptin receptor deficient mice. Accordingly, we focus on compound heterozygous mutations of the leptin receptor and their effects on health, as well as possible therapy options in human and animal models in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Berger
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Nora Klöting
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Ng J, Cortès‐Saladelafont E, Abela L, Termsarasab P, Mankad K, Sudhakar S, Gorman KM, Heales SJ, Pope S, Biassoni L, Csányi B, Cain J, Rakshi K, Coutts H, Jayawant S, Jefferson R, Hughes D, García‐Cazorla À, Grozeva D, Raymond FL, Pérez‐Dueñas B, De Goede C, Pearson TS, Meyer E, Kurian MA. DNAJC6 Mutations Disrupt Dopamine Homeostasis in Juvenile Parkinsonism-Dystonia. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1357-1368. [PMID: 32472658 PMCID: PMC8425408 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Juvenile forms of parkinsonism are rare conditions with onset of bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity before the age of 21 years. These atypical presentations commonly have a genetic aetiology, highlighting important insights into underlying pathophysiology. Genetic defects may affect key proteins of the endocytic pathway and clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME), as in DNAJC6‐related juvenile parkinsonism. Objective To report on a new patient cohort with juvenile‐onset DNAJC6 parkinsonism‐dystonia and determine the functional consequences on auxilin and dopamine homeostasis. Methods Twenty‐five children with juvenile parkinsonism were identified from a research cohort of patients with undiagnosed pediatric movement disorders. Molecular genetic investigations included autozygosity mapping studies and whole‐exome sequencing. Patient fibroblasts and CSF were analyzed for auxilin, cyclin G–associated kinase and synaptic proteins. Results We identified 6 patients harboring previously unreported, homozygous nonsense DNAJC6 mutations. All presented with neurodevelopmental delay in infancy, progressive parkinsonism, and neurological regression in childhood. 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT (DaTScan) was performed in 3 patients and demonstrated reduced or absent tracer uptake in the basal ganglia. CSF neurotransmitter analysis revealed an isolated reduction of homovanillic acid. Auxilin levels were significantly reduced in both patient fibroblasts and CSF. Cyclin G–associated kinase levels in CSF were significantly increased, whereas a number of presynaptic dopaminergic proteins were reduced. Conclusions DNAJC6 is an emerging cause of recessive juvenile parkinsonism‐dystonia. DNAJC6 encodes the cochaperone protein auxilin, involved in CME of synaptic vesicles. The observed dopamine dyshomeostasis in patients is likely to be multifactorial, secondary to auxilin deficiency and/or neurodegeneration. Increased patient CSF cyclin G–associated kinase, in tandem with reduced auxilin levels, suggests a possible compensatory role of cyclin G–associated kinase, as observed in the auxilin knockout mouse. DNAJC6 parkinsonism‐dystonia should be considered as a differential diagnosis for pediatric neurotransmitter disorders associated with low homovanillic acid levels. Future research in elucidating disease pathogenesis will aid the development of better treatments for this pharmacoresistant disorder. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ng
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
- Gene Transfer Technology GroupUCL Institute for Women's HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elisenda Cortès‐Saladelafont
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Lucia Abela
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Pichet Termsarasab
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of RadiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sniya Sudhakar
- Department of RadiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathleen M. Gorman
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of NeurologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon J.R. Heales
- Neurometabolic UnitNational Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon Pope
- Neurometabolic UnitNational Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Biassoni
- Department of RadiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Barbara Csányi
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - John Cain
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and ImagingLancashire Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation TrustPrestonUnited Kingdom
| | - Karl Rakshi
- Department of PaediatricsEast Lancashire Hospital NHS TrustLancashireUnited Kingdom
| | - Helen Coutts
- Department of PaediatricsEast Lancashire Hospital NHS TrustLancashireUnited Kingdom
| | - Sandeep Jayawant
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyJohn Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rosalind Jefferson
- Department of PaediatricsRoyal Berkshire Hospital, NHS Foundation TrustReadingUnited Kingdom
| | - Deborah Hughes
- Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lila Weston LaboratoriesInstitute of NeurologyQueen SquareLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Àngels García‐Cazorla
- Department of NeurologyNeurometabolic Unit and CIBERER Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Detelina Grozeva
- Medical GeneticsCambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- UK10K Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - F. Lucy Raymond
- Medical GeneticsCambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- UK10K Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Belén Pérez‐Dueñas
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
- Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Christian De Goede
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyRoyal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Toni S. Pearson
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Esther Meyer
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Manju A. Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of NeurologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
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11
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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of families with complex intellectual disability identified pathogenic genetic variations in known and novel disease genes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:968. [PMID: 31969655 PMCID: PMC6976666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID), which presents itself during childhood, belongs to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) that are clinically widely heterogeneous and highly heritable, often being caused by single gene defects. Indeed, NDDs can be attributed to mutations at over 1000 loci, and all type of mutations, ranging from single nucleotide variations (SNVs) to large, complex copy number variations (CNVs), have been reported in patients with ID and other related NDDs. In this study, we recruited seven different recessive NDD families with comorbidities to perform a detailed clinical characterization and a complete genomic analysis that consisted of a combination of high throughput SNP-based genotyping and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Different disease-associated loci and pathogenic gene mutations were identified in each family, including known (n = 4) and novel (n = 2) mutations in known genes (NAGLU, SLC5A2, POLR3B, VPS13A, SYN1, SPG11), and the identification of a novel disease gene (n = 1; NSL1). Functional analyses were additionally performed in a gene associated with autism-like symptoms and epileptic seizures for further proof of pathogenicity. Lastly, detailed genotype-phenotype correlations were carried out to assist with the diagnosis of prospective families and to determine genomic variation with clinical relevance. We concluded that the combination of linkage analyses and WGS to search for disease genes still remains a fruitful strategy for complex diseases with a variety of mutated genes and heterogeneous phenotypic manifestations, allowing for the identification of novel mutations, genes, and phenotypes, and leading to improvements in both diagnostic strategies and functional characterization of disease mechanisms.
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12
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Roosen DA, Blauwendraat C, Cookson MR, Lewis PA. DNAJC
proteins and pathways to parkinsonism. FEBS J 2019; 286:3080-3094. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorien A. Roosen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
- School of Pharmacy University of Reading UK
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Patrick A. Lewis
- School of Pharmacy University of Reading UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease UCL Institute of Neurology London UK
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13
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Armağan C, Yılmaz C, Koç A, Abacı A, Ülgenalp A, Böber E, Erçal D, Demir K. A toddler with a novel LEPR mutation. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:237-240. [PMID: 30778850 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous causes, such as environmental factors, medications, endocrine disorders, and genetic factors, that can lead to obesity. However, severe early-onset obesity with abnormal feeding behavior, mental retardation, dysmorphic features, organ-specific developmental abnormalities, and endocrine disorders suggest a genetic etiology. Mutations in genes related to the leptin-melanocortin pathway play a key role in genetic obesity. This pathway controls hypothalamic regulation of food intake. A few cases have been reported to have mutations in leptin (LEP) or leptin receptor (LEPR) genes. The cases had severe early-onset obesity, hyperphagia, and additional features, such as altered immune function, hypogonadism, and hypothyroidism. We present a 3-year-old male patient with severe early-onset obesity whose genetic analysis revealed a homozygous, novel, and pathogenic variant (c.1603+2T>C) in LEPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coşkun Armağan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ceren Yılmaz
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Altuğ Koç
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abacı
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Ülgenalp
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Böber
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Derya Erçal
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Korcan Demir
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey.
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14
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Roujeau C, Jockers R, Dam J. Endospanin 1 Determines the Balance of Leptin-Regulated Hypothalamic Functions. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 108:132-141. [PMID: 30326479 DOI: 10.1159/000494557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endospanin 1 (Endo1), a protein encoded in humans by the same gene than the leptin receptor (ObR), and increased by diet-induced obesity, is an important regulator of ObR trafficking and cell surface exposure, determining leptin signaling strength. Defective intracellular trafficking of the leptin receptor to the neuronal plasma membrane has been proposed as a mechanism underlying the development of leptin resistance observed in human obesity. More recently, Endo1 has emerged as a mediator of "selective leptin resistance." The underlying mechanisms of the latter are not completely understood, but the possibility of differential activation of leptin signaling pathways was suggested among others. In this respect, the expression level of Endo1 is crucial for the appropriate balance between different leptin signaling pathways and leptin functions in the hypothalamus and is likely participating in selective leptin resistance for the control of energy and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Roujeau
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris,
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15
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Dam J. [Traffic and signalisation of the leptin receptor]. Biol Aujourdhui 2018; 212:35-43. [PMID: 30362454 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2018020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Receptors are the master regulators conveying the information provided by the hormone from the extracellular environment to the intracellular milieu. As a result, the level of receptors at the cell surface can determine the signaling strength. Regulation of receptor trafficking to the cell surface or receptor retention processes in intracellular compartments are key mechanisms for leptin receptor (ObR) activity. An alteration of these mechanisms leads to the development of obesity. However, the canonical mechanism of plasma membrane receptors activation is challenged by the discovery that intracellular receptors also have their own signaling activity inside specific intracellular compartments. These intracellular receptors can trigger signaling that regulates a particular function, different from, or in continuity with, surface receptor signaling. We will address both these aspects by focusing particularly on the case of the leptin receptor (ObR), i.e., i) the regulation of its level of exposure to the cell surface and its impact on the development of obesity, and ii) the discovery of its location and signaling in some intracellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
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16
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Nunziata A, Funcke JB, Borck G, von Schnurbein J, Brandt S, Lennerz B, Moepps B, Gierschik P, Fischer-Posovszky P, Wabitsch M. Functional and Phenotypic Characteristics of Human Leptin Receptor Mutations. J Endocr Soc 2018; 3:27-41. [PMID: 30560226 PMCID: PMC6293235 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several case series of extreme early-onset obesity due to mutations in the human leptin receptor (LEPR) gene have been reported. In this review we summarize published functional and phenotypic data on mutations in the human LEPR gene causing severe early-onset obesity. Additionally, we included data on six new cases from our obesity center. Literature research was performed using PubMed and OMIM. Functional relevance of mutations was estimated based on reported functional analysis, mutation size, and location, as well as phenotypic characteristics of affected patients. We identified 57 cases with 38 distinct LEPR mutations. We found severe early-onset obesity, hyperphagia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism as cardinal features of a complete loss of LEPR function. Other features, for example, metabolic disorders and recurring infections, were variable in manifestation. Obesity degree or other manifestations did not aggregate by genotype. Few patients underwent bariatric surgery with variable success. Most mutations occurred in the fibronectin III and cytokine receptor homology II domains, whereas none was found in cytoplasmic domain. In silico data were available for 25 mutations and in vitro data were available for four mutations, revealing residual activity in one case. By assessing provided information on the clinical phenotype, functional analysis, and character of the 38 mutations, we assume residual LEPR activity for five additional mutations. Functional in vitro analysis is necessary to confirm this assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Nunziata
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Brandt
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Belinda Lennerz
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara Moepps
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Gierschik
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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17
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Pigeyre M, Saqlain M, Turcotte M, Raja GK, Meyre D. Obesity genetics: insights from the Pakistani population. Obes Rev 2018; 19:364-380. [PMID: 29265593 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Pakistani population is extensively diverse, indicating a genetic admixture of European and Central/West Asian migrants with indigenous South Asian gene pools. Pakistanis are organized in different ethnicities/castes based on cultural, linguistic and geographical origin. While Pakistan is facing a rapid nutritional transition, the rising prevalence of obesity is driving a growing burden of health complications and mortality. This represents a unique opportunity for the research community to study the interplay between obesogenic environmental changes and obesity predisposing genes in the time frame of one generation. This review recapitulates the ancestral origins of Pakistani population, the societal determinants of the rise in obesity and its governmental management. We describe the contribution of syndromic, monogenic non-syndromic and polygenic obesity genes identified in the Pakistani population. We then discuss the utility of gene identification approaches based on large consanguineous families and original gene × environment interaction study designs in discovering new obesity genes and causal pathways. Elucidation of the genetic basis of obesity in the Pakistani population may result in improved methods of obesity prevention and treatment globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pigeyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, CHRU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Saqlain
- Department of Biochemistry, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M Turcotte
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - G K Raja
- Department of Biochemistry, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - D Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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18
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Saeed S, Arslan M, Froguel P. Genetics of Obesity in Consanguineous Populations: Toward Precision Medicine and the Discovery of Novel Obesity Genes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:474-484. [PMID: 29464904 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consanguinity has been instrumental in the elucidation of many Mendelian genetic diseases. Here, the unique advantage of consanguineous populations was considered in the quest for genes causing obesity. METHODS PubMed was searched for articles relevant to consanguinity and obesity published between 1995 and 2016. Some earlier articles of interest were also consulted. RESULTS Although obesity is the most heritable disorder, even in outbred populations, only 2% to 5% of severe obesity cases have so far been proven to be caused by single gene mutations. In some highly consanguineous populations, a remarkably higher proportion of obesity cases because of known and novel monogenic variants has been identified (up to 30%). CONCLUSIONS Combining the power conferred by consanguinity with current large-capacity sequencing techniques should bring new genetic factors and molecular mechanisms to the fore, unveiling a large part of the yet-elusive neurohumoral circuitry involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and appetite. Importantly, the undertaking of such initiatives is destined to unfold novel targets for the development of precision medicine relevant to different forms of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Saeed
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- CNRS, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- CNRS, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
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19
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Zarouchlioti C, Parfitt DA, Li W, Gittings LM, Cheetham ME. DNAJ Proteins in neurodegeneration: essential and protective factors. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20160534. [PMID: 29203718 PMCID: PMC5717533 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of protein homeostasis is vitally important in post-mitotic cells, particularly neurons. Neurodegenerative diseases such as polyglutamine expansion disorders-like Huntington's disease or spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), Alzheimer's disease, fronto-temporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease-are often characterized by the presence of inclusions of aggregated protein. Neurons contain complex protein networks dedicated to protein quality control and maintaining protein homeostasis, or proteostasis. Molecular chaperones are a class of proteins with prominent roles in maintaining proteostasis, which act to bind and shield hydrophobic regions of nascent or misfolded proteins while allowing correct folding, conformational changes and enabling quality control. There are many different families of molecular chaperones with multiple functions in proteostasis. The DNAJ family of molecular chaperones is the largest chaperone family and is defined by the J-domain, which regulates the function of HSP70 chaperones. DNAJ proteins can also have multiple other protein domains such as ubiquitin-interacting motifs or clathrin-binding domains leading to diverse and specific roles in the cell, including targeting client proteins for degradation via the proteasome, chaperone-mediated autophagy and uncoating clathrin-coated vesicles. DNAJ proteins can also contain ER-signal peptides or mitochondrial leader sequences, targeting them to specific organelles in the cell. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles of DNAJ proteins and in particular focus on the role of DNAJ proteins in protecting against neurodegenerative diseases caused by misfolded proteins. We also discuss the role of DNAJ proteins as direct causes of inherited neurodegeneration via mutations in DNAJ family genes.This article is part of the theme issue 'Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Parfitt
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1 V 9EL, UK
| | - Wenwen Li
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1 V 9EL, UK
| | - Lauren M Gittings
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1 V 9EL, UK
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20
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21
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Hannema SE, Wit JM, Houdijk MECAM, van Haeringen A, Bik EC, Verkerk AJMH, Uitterlinden AG, Kant SG, Oostdijk W, Bakker E, Delemarre-van de Waal HA, Losekoot M. Novel Leptin Receptor Mutations Identified in Two Girls with Severe Obesity Are Associated with Increased Bone Mineral Density. Horm Res Paediatr 2017; 85:412-20. [PMID: 26925581 DOI: 10.1159/000444055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recessive mutations in the leptin receptor (LEPR) are a rare cause of hyperphagia and severe early-onset obesity. To date, the phenotype has only been described in 25 obese children, some of whom also had altered immune function, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, reduced growth hormone secretion, hypothalamic hypothyroidism or reduced adult height. We provide a detailed description of the phenotype of 2 affected girls to add to this knowledge. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing and targeted sequencing were used to detect the LEPR mutations. RNA analysis was performed to assess the effect of splice-site mutations. RESULTS In 2 unrelated girls with severe obesity, three novel LEPR mutations were detected. Longitudinal growth data show normal childhood growth, and in the older girl, a normal adult height despite hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and the lack of an obvious pubertal growth spurt. Bone age is remarkably advanced in the younger (prepubertal) girl, and bone mineral density (BMD) is high in both girls, which might be directly or indirectly related to leptin resistance. CONCLUSION The spectrum of clinical features of LEPR deficiency may be expanded with increased BMD. Future observations in LEPR-deficient subjects should help further unravel the role of leptin in human bone biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine E Hannema
- Department of Paediatrics, Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Thakur M, Taha D, Misra VK. A Case of Congenital Hypopituitarism Associated With a 1p31 Microdeletion: A Possible Role for LEPR and JAK1. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:278-282. [PMID: 29264484 PMCID: PMC5686627 DOI: 10.1210/js.2016-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Genetic defects affecting the expression and function of factors involved in pituitary development have been found to be associated with congenital hypopituitarism (CH). However, for most cases of CH, the etiology remains unknown. Case Description: We present an unusual case of an infant with CH, associated with septo-optic dysplasia with an absent anterior pituitary and an ectopic posterior pituitary gland, resulting from a de novo 8.04-Mb interstitial deletion of chromosome 1p31.1-1p31.3. The deleted region includes several genes that might be involved in pituitary development, including LEPR and JAK1. Conclusions: Haploinsufficiency of LEPR and/or JAK1 might be associated with CH. This finding suggests a role for LEPR-mediated glycoprotein 130 signaling in human pituitary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mili Thakur
- Division of Genetic, Genomic, and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Michigan.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
| | - Doris Taha
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Vinod K Misra
- Division of Genetic, Genomic, and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Michigan
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Endospanin1 affects oppositely body weight regulation and glucose homeostasis by differentially regulating central leptin signaling. Mol Metab 2016; 6:159-172. [PMID: 28123946 PMCID: PMC5220283 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) is a major integration center for energy and glucose homeostasis that responds to leptin. Resistance to leptin in the ARC is an important component of the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recently, we showed that Endospanin1 (Endo1) is a negative regulator of the leptin receptor (OBR) that interacts with OBR and retains the receptor inside the cell, leading to a decreased activation of the anorectic STAT3 pathway. Endo1 is up-regulated in the ARC of high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, and its silencing in the ARC of lean and obese mice prevents and reverses the development of obesity. OBJECTIVE Herein we investigated whether decreased Endo1 expression in the hypothalamic ARC, associated with reduced obesity, could also ameliorate glucose homeostasis accordingly. METHODS We studied glucose homeostasis in lean or obese mice silenced for Endo1 in the ARC via stereotactic injection of shRNA-expressing lentiviral vectors. RESULTS We observed that despite being leaner, Endo1-silenced mice showed impaired glucose homeostasis on HFD. Mechanistically, we show that Endo1 interacts with p85, the regulatory subunit of PI3K, and mediates leptin-induced PI3K activation. CONCLUSIONS Our results thus define Endo1 as an important hypothalamic integrator of leptin signaling, and its silencing differentially regulates the OBR-dependent functions.
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Key Words
- ARC, arcuate nucleus
- BW, body weight
- CD, chow diet
- DIO, diet-induced obesity
- Diabetes
- Endo1, Endospanin1
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- HFD, high fat diet
- Insulin
- LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor
- Leptin receptor
- OB-RGRP/Endospanin1
- OBR, leptin receptor
- Obesity
- PLA, proximity ligation assay
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- ip, intraperitoneal
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Khodadadi H, Azcona LJ, Aghamollaii V, Omrani MD, Garshasbi M, Taghavi S, Tafakhori A, Shahidi GA, Jamshidi J, Darvish H, Paisán-Ruiz C. PTRHD1 (C2orf79) mutations lead to autosomal-recessive intellectual disability and parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2016; 32:287-291. [PMID: 27753167 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atypical parkinsonism is a neurodegenerative disease that includes diverse neurological and psychiatric manifestations. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the disease-cauisng mutations in a consanguineous family featuring intellectual disability and parkinsonism. METHODS Full phenotypic characterization, followed by genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and whole-genome sequencing, was carried out in all available family members. RESULTS The chromosome, 2p23.3, was identified as the disease-associated locus, and a homozygous PTRHD1 mutation (c.157C>T) was then established as the disease-causing mutation. The pathogenicity of this PTRHD1 mutation was supported by its segregation with the disease status, its location in a functional domain of the encoding protein, as well as its absence in public databases and ethnicity-matched control chromosomes. CONCLUSION Given the role of 2p23 locus in patients with intellectual disability and the previously reported PTRHD1 mutation (c.155G>A) in patients with parkinsonism and cognitive dysfunction, we concluded that the PTRHD1 mutation identified in this study is likely to be responsible for the phenotypic features of the family under consideration. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Khodadadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luis J Azcona
- Department of Neurosciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vajiheh Aghamollaii
- Department of Neurology, Roozbeh Psychiatry Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Taghavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital and Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Shahidi
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Hazrat Rassol Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Jamshidi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Coro Paisán-Ruiz
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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25
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Olgiati S, Quadri M, Fang M, Rood JP, Saute JA, Chien HF, Bouwkamp CG, Graafland J, Minneboo M, Breedveld GJ, Zhang J, Verheijen FW, Boon AJ, Kievit AJ, Jardim LB, Mandemakers W, Barbosa ER, Rieder CR, Leenders KL, Wang J, Bonifati V. D
NAJC
6
Mutations Associated With Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:244-56. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Olgiati
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Marialuisa Quadri
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jonas A. Saute
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Hsin Fen Chien
- Department of Neurology; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Christian G. Bouwkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Josja Graafland
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Minneboo
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Wim Mandemakers
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | | | - Carlos R.M. Rieder
- Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Klaus L. Leenders
- Department of Neurology; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen; Shenzhen China
- Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Macau University of Science and Technology; Macau China
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam the Netherlands
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26
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Saeed S, Bonnefond A, Manzoor J, Shabbir F, Ayesha H, Philippe J, Durand E, Crouch H, Sand O, Ali M, Butt T, Rathore AW, Falchi M, Arslan M, Froguel P. Genetic variants in LEP, LEPR, and MC4R explain 30% of severe obesity in children from a consanguineous population. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1687-95. [PMID: 26179253 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Single gene mutations leading to severe obesity have so far been identified in 3-5% cases in European populations. However, prevalence of these pathogenic mutations has not systematically been examined in specific consanguineous populations. Here we describe the incidence of obesity-associated mutations through a step-wise sequence analysis, in a cohort of 73 Pakistani children with severe obesity from consanguineous families. METHODS Initially, all subjects were screened for mutations in coding regions of leptin (LEP) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) genes by direct sequencing. Subjects negative for mutation in these genes were screened using microdroplet PCR enrichment and NGS. Genomic structural variation was assessed by genotyping. Serum leptin, insulin, and cortisol were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Among 73 children with severe obesity (BMI SDS > 3.0), we identified 22 probands and 5 relatives, carrying 10 different loss-of-function homozygous mutations in LEP, leptin receptor (LEPR), and MC4R genes, including 4 novel variants. Hypercortisolemia was significantly emphasized in LEP mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of pathogenic mutations in genes known to directly influence leptin-melanocortin signaling is 30% in our cohort. The results of this study emphasize the desirability of undertaking systematic and in-depth genetic analysis of cases with severe obesity in specific consanguineous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Saeed
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- CNRS-Umr8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille University, Lille, France
| | - Jaida Manzoor
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Shabbir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hina Ayesha
- Department of Paediatrics, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Julien Philippe
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- CNRS-Umr8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille University, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- CNRS-Umr8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille University, Lille, France
| | - Hutokshi Crouch
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Olivier Sand
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- CNRS-Umr8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille University, Lille, France
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Paediatrics, Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Taeed Butt
- Department of Paediatrics, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan W Rathore
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- CNRS-Umr8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille University, Lille, France
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27
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Pesce ER, Blatch GL, Edkins AL. Hsp40 Co-chaperones as Drug Targets: Towards the Development of Specific Inhibitors. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2015_92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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28
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Yang T, Li XN, Li XG, Li M, Gao PZ. DNAJC6 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:298-304. [PMID: 25446072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program, which is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression. DNAJC6 (DNA/HSP40 homolog subfamily C member 6) encodes auxilin, which is responsible for juvenile Parkinsonism with phenotypic variability. However, the role of DNAJC6 in HCC development and progression is limited. Here, we report that DNAJC6 is up-regulated in HCC tissues and up-regulation of DNAJC6 expression predicts poor outcome in patients with HCC. Furthermore, overexpression of DNAJC6 enhances the ability for acquisition of mesenchymal traits, enhanced cell proliferation and invasion. DNAJC6 positively regulated expression of EMT-related transcription factor, also activating transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway to contribute to EMT. Our findings demonstrated an important function of DNAJC6 in the progression of HCC by induction of EMT, and they implicate DNAJC6 as a marker of poor outcome in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- General Surgery, Sports Science Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Xing-Guang Li
- General Surgery, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Ming Li
- General Surgery, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Peng-Zhi Gao
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang 050011, China.
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29
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Koutras C, Braun JEA. J protein mutations and resulting proteostasis collapse. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:191. [PMID: 25071450 PMCID: PMC4086201 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a century of intensive investigation the effective treatment of protein aggregation diseases remains elusive. Ordinarily, molecular chaperones ensure that proteins maintain their functional conformation. The appearance of misfolded proteins that aggregate implies the collapse of the cellular chaperone quality control network. That said, the cellular chaperone network is extensive and functional information regarding the detailed action of specific chaperones is not yet available. J proteins (DnaJ/Hsp40) are a family of chaperone cofactors that harness Hsc70 (heat shock cognate protein of 70 kDa) for diverse conformational cellular tasks and, as such, represent novel clinically relevant targets for diseases resulting from the disruption of proteostasis. Here we review incisive reports identifying mutations in individual J protein chaperones and the proteostasis collapse that ensues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Koutras
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - Janice E. A. Braun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
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30
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Vauthier V, Swartz TD, Chen P, Roujeau C, Pagnon M, Mallet J, Sarkis C, Jockers R, Dam J. Endospanin 1 silencing in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus contributes to sustained weight loss of high fat diet obese mice. Gene Ther 2014; 21:638-44. [PMID: 24784449 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leptin targets specific receptors (OB-R) expressed in the hypothalamus to regulate energy balance. Leptin decreases food intake in normal weight individuals, but this effect is blunted in obese subjects who are characterized by a state of leptin resistance. The prevention of leptin resistance is one of the major goals of obesity research. Recently, we identified endospanin 1 as a negative regulator of OB-R, which by interacting with OB-R retains the receptor inside the cell. We show here that in obese mice endospanin 1 is upregulated in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), the major brain structure involved in body weight regulation, suggesting that endospanin 1 is implicated in obesity development and/or the installation of leptin resistance. In contrast, silencing of endospanin 1 with lentiviral vectors in the ARC of obese mice fully restores leptin responsiveness when combined with a switch to ad libitum fed chow diet. The recovery of central leptin sensitivity is accompanied by sustained body weight loss and amelioration of blood lipid parameters and steatosis. Collectively, our results define endospanin 1 as a novel therapeutic target against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vauthier
- 1] Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France [3] University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - T D Swartz
- 1] Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France [3] University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - P Chen
- 1] Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France [3] University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - C Roujeau
- 1] Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France [3] University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - M Pagnon
- 1] Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France [3] University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - J Mallet
- UMR 7091, University Paris Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), CNRS, NewVectys, Paris, France
| | - C Sarkis
- UMR 7091, University Paris Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), CNRS, NewVectys, Paris, France
| | - R Jockers
- 1] Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France [3] University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - J Dam
- 1] Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France [3] University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
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31
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Ferraro TN. The relationship between genes affecting the development of epilepsy and approaches to epilepsy therapy. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 14:329-52. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.888651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Jesús S, Gómez-Garre P, Carrillo F, Cáceres-Redondo MT, Huertas-Fernández I, Bernal-Bernal I, Bonilla-Toribio M, Vargas-González L, Carballo M, Mir P. Analysis of c.801-2A>G mutation in the DNAJC6 gene in Parkinson's disease in southern Spain. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:248-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Kanai T, Seki S, Jenks JA, Kohli A, Kawli T, Martin DP, Snyder M, Bacchetta R, Nadeau KC. Identification of STAT5A and STAT5B target genes in human T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86790. [PMID: 24497979 PMCID: PMC3907443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) comprises a family of universal transcription factors that help cells sense and respond to environmental signals. STAT5 refers to two highly related proteins, STAT5A and STAT5B, with critical function: their complete deficiency is lethal in mice; in humans, STAT5B deficiency alone leads to endocrine and immunological problems, while STAT5A deficiency has not been reported. STAT5A and STAT5B show peptide sequence similarities greater than 90%, but subtle structural differences suggest possible non-redundant roles in gene regulation. However, these roles remain unclear in humans. We applied chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing using human CD4+ T cells to detect candidate genes regulated by STAT5A and/or STAT5B, and quantitative-PCR in STAT5A or STAT5B knock-down (KD) human CD4+ T cells to validate the findings. Our data show STAT5A and STAT5B play redundant roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis via SGK1 interaction. Interestingly, we found a novel, unique role for STAT5A in binding to genes involved in neural development and function (NDRG1, DNAJC6, and SSH2), while STAT5B appears to play a distinct role in T cell development and function via DOCK8, SNX9, FOXP3 and IL2RA binding. Our results also suggest that one or more co-activators for STAT5A and/or STAT5B may play important roles in establishing different binding abilities and gene regulation behaviors. The new identification of these genes regulated by STAT5A and/or STAT5B has major implications for understanding the pathophysiology of cancer progression, neural disorders, and immune abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kanai
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Scott Seki
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A Jenks
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Arunima Kohli
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Trupti Kawli
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Dorrelyn Patacsil Martin
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rosa Bacchetta
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America ; San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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34
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Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that was long considered the result of environmental factors. In the past 15 years, however, a genetic aetiology for PD has begun to emerge. Here, we review results from linkage and next-generation sequencing studies of familial parkinsonism, as well as candidate gene and genome-wide association findings in sporadic PD. In these studies, many of the genetic findings overlap, despite different designs and study populations, highlighting novel therapeutic targets. The molecular results delineate a sequence of pathological events whereby deficits in synaptic exocytosis and endocytosis, endosomal trafficking, lysosome-mediated autophagy and mitochondrial maintenance increase susceptibility to PD. These discoveries provide the rationale, molecular insight and research tools to develop neuroprotective and disease-modifying therapies.
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35
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Köroğlu Ç, Baysal L, Cetinkaya M, Karasoy H, Tolun A. DNAJC6 is responsible for juvenile parkinsonism with phenotypic variability. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012; 19:320-4. [PMID: 23211418 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Familial parkinson's disease is both clinically and genetically heterogeneous. By mapping the disease locus with a lod score of 5.13 to a < 3.5 Mbp region at 1p31.3 in a consanguineous family and subsequent exome sequencing analysis, we identified homozygous truncating mutation p.Q734X in DNAJC6. Four members of the family were afflicted with juvenile parkinsonism that presented with mental retardation, pyramidal signs and epilepsy, as well as varying degrees of a progressive neurological disease. Recently a splicing mutation in the same gene was reported in two brothers with juvenile parkinsonism that was not L-Dopa responsive and not accompanied by pyramidal signs or mental retardation. Also, an 80-kb deletion that included DNAJC6 sequences was identified in a boy reported as having obesity, epilepsy and mental retardation but not any signs of parkinsonism. The phenotype of our study family resembles both of those families, which among themselves do not share any clinical features. Our findings further establish DNAJC6 as a juvenile parkinsonism gene, and expand the spectrums of the parkinsonism phenotype and DNAJC6 mutation. DNAJC6 encodes the neuronal co-chaperone auxilin. We found that its transcript is highly significantly more abundant in brain as compared to the non-neural tissues assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Köroğlu
- Boğaziçi University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, KP 301, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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36
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D'Angelo CS, Koiffmann CP. Copy number variants in obesity-related syndromes: review and perspectives on novel molecular approaches. J Obes 2012; 2012:845480. [PMID: 23316347 PMCID: PMC3534325 DOI: 10.1155/2012/845480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and became a major concern in public health. Despite heritability estimates of 40 to 70% and the long-recognized genetic basis of obesity in a number of rare cases, the list of common obesity susceptibility variants by the currently published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) only explain a small proportion of the individual variation in risk of obesity. It was not until very recently that GWASs of copy number variants (CNVs) in individuals with extreme phenotypes reported a number of large and rare CNVs conferring high risk to obesity, and specifically deletions on chromosome 16p11.2. In this paper, we comment on the recent advances in the field of genetics of obesity with an emphasis on the genes and genomic regions implicated in highly penetrant forms of obesity associated with developmental disorders. Array genomic hybridization in this patient population has afforded discovery opportunities for CNVs that have not previously been detectable. This information can be used to generate new diagnostic arrays and sequencing platforms, which will likely enhance detection of known genetic conditions with the potential to elucidate new disease genes and ultimately help in developing a next-generation sequencing protocol relevant to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sustek D'Angelo
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, 277 Rua do Matao, Rooms 204 and 209, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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