1
|
Iyer H, Talbot WS. The Cl- transporter ClC-7 is essential for phagocytic clearance by microglia. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261616. [PMID: 38294065 PMCID: PMC10911276 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia, professional phagocytic cells of the brain, rely upon the appropriate activation of lysosomes to execute their immune and clearance functions. Lysosomal activity is, in turn, modulated by a complex network of over 200 membrane and accessory proteins that relay extracellular cues to these key degradation centers. The ClC-7 chloride (Cl-)-proton (H+) antiporter (also known as CLCN7) is localized to the endolysosomal compartments and mutations in CLCN7 lead to osteopetrosis and neurodegeneration. Although the functions of ClC-7 have been extensively investigated in osteoclasts and neurons, its role in microglia in vivo remains largely unexamined. Here, we show that microglia and embryonic macrophages in zebrafish clcn7 mutants cannot effectively process extracellular debris in the form of apoptotic cells and β-amyloid. Despite these functional defects, microglia develop normally in clcn7 mutants and display normal expression of endosomal and lysosomal markers. We also find that mutants for ostm1, which encodes the β-subunit of ClC-7, have a phenotype that is strikingly similar to that of clcn7 mutants. Together, our observations uncover a previously unappreciated role of ClC-7 in microglia and contribute to the understanding of the neurodegenerative phenotypes that accompany mutations in this channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harini Iyer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William S. Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eberwein AE, Kulkarni SS, Rushton E, Broadie K. Glycosphingolipids are linked to elevated neurotransmission and neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of Niemann Pick type C. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050206. [PMID: 37815467 PMCID: PMC10581387 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid storage disease Niemann Pick type C (NPC) causes neurodegeneration owing primarily to loss of NPC1. Here, we employed a Drosophila model to test links between glycosphingolipids, neurotransmission and neurodegeneration. We found that Npc1a nulls had elevated neurotransmission at the glutamatergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ), which was phenocopied in brainiac (brn) mutants, impairing mannosyl glucosylceramide (MacCer) glycosylation. Npc1a; brn double mutants had the same elevated synaptic transmission, suggesting that Npc1a and brn function within the same pathway. Glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase inhibition with miglustat prevented elevated neurotransmission in Npc1a and brn mutants, further suggesting epistasis. Synaptic MacCer did not accumulate in the NPC model, but GlcCer levels were increased, suggesting that GlcCer is responsible for the elevated synaptic transmission. Null Npc1a mutants had heightened neurodegeneration, but no significant motor neuron or glial cell death, indicating that dying cells are interneurons and that elevated neurotransmission precedes neurodegeneration. Glycosphingolipid synthesis mutants also had greatly heightened neurodegeneration, with similar neurodegeneration in Npc1a; brn double mutants, again suggesting that Npc1a and brn function in the same pathway. These findings indicate causal links between glycosphingolipid-dependent neurotransmission and neurodegeneration in this NPC disease model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Eberwein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Swarat S. Kulkarni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Emma Rushton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Consequences of GBA Deficiency in the Autophagy-Lysosome System in Parkinson's Disease Associated with GBA. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010191. [PMID: 36611984 PMCID: PMC9818455 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GBA gene variants were the first genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease. GBA encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GBA), which is involved in sphingolipid metabolism. GBA exhibits a complex physiological function that includes not only the degradation of its substrate glucosylceramide but also the metabolism of other sphingolipids and additional lipids such as cholesterol, particularly when glucocerebrosidase activity is deficient. In the context of Parkinson's disease associated with GBA, the loss of GBA activity has been associated with the accumulation of α-synuclein species. In recent years, several hypotheses have proposed alternative and complementary pathological mechanisms to explain why lysosomal enzyme mutations lead to α-synuclein accumulation and become important risk factors in Parkinson's disease etiology. Classically, loss of GBA activity has been linked to a dysfunctional autophagy-lysosome system and to a subsequent decrease in autophagy-dependent α-synuclein turnover; however, several other pathological mechanisms underlying GBA-associated parkinsonism have been proposed. This review summarizes and discusses the different hypotheses with a special focus on autophagy-dependent mechanisms, as well as autophagy-independent mechanisms, where the role of other players such as sphingolipids, cholesterol and other GBA-related proteins make important contributions to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Prat Castro S, Kudrina V, Jaślan D, Böck J, Scotto Rosato A, Grimm C. Neurodegenerative Lysosomal Storage Disorders: TPC2 Comes to the Rescue! Cells 2022; 11:cells11182807. [PMID: 36139381 PMCID: PMC9496660 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) resulting from inherited gene mutations constitute a family of disorders that disturb lysosomal degradative function leading to abnormal storage of macromolecular substrates. In most LSDs, central nervous system (CNS) involvement is common and leads to the progressive appearance of neurodegeneration and early death. A growing amount of evidence suggests that ion channels in the endolysosomal system play a crucial role in the pathology of neurodegenerative LSDs. One of the main basic mechanisms through which the endolysosomal ion channels regulate the function of the endolysosomal system is Ca2+ release, which is thought to be essential for intracellular compartment fusion, fission, trafficking and lysosomal exocytosis. The intracellular TRPML (transient receptor potential mucolipin) and TPC (two-pore channel) ion channel families constitute the main essential Ca2+-permeable channels expressed on endolysosomal membranes, and they are considered potential drug targets for the prevention and treatment of LSDs. Although TRPML1 activation has shown rescue effects on LSD phenotypes, its activity is pH dependent, and it is blocked by sphingomyelin accumulation, which is characteristic of some LSDs. In contrast, TPC2 activation is pH-independent and not blocked by sphingomyelin, potentially representing an advantage over TRPML1. Here, we discuss the rescue of cellular phenotypes associated with LSDs such as cholesterol and lactosylceramide (LacCer) accumulation or ultrastructural changes seen by electron microscopy, mediated by the small molecule agonist of TPC2, TPC2-A1-P, which promotes lysosomal exocytosis and autophagy. In summary, new data suggest that TPC2 is a promising target for the treatment of different types of LSDs such as MLIV, NPC1, and Batten disease, both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Grimm
- Correspondence: (A.S.R.); (C.G.); Tel.: +49-89-2180-73811 (C.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arévalo NB, Lamaizon CM, Cavieres VA, Burgos PV, Álvarez AR, Yañez MJ, Zanlungo S. Neuronopathic Gaucher disease: Beyond lysosomal dysfunction. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:934820. [PMID: 35992201 PMCID: PMC9381931 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.934820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an inherited disorder caused by recessive mutations in the GBA1 gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GC). β-GC hydrolyzes glucosylceramide (GluCer) into glucose and ceramide in the lysosome, and the loss of its activity leads to GluCer accumulation in different tissues. In severe cases, enzymatic deficiency triggers inflammation, organomegaly, bone disease, and neurodegeneration. Neuronopathic Gaucher disease (nGD) encompasses two different forms of the disease, characterized by chronic or acute damage to the central nervous system (CNS). The cellular and molecular studies that uncover the pathological mechanisms of nGD mainly focus on lysosomal dysfunction since the lysosome is the key organelle affected in GD. However, new studies show alterations in other organelles that contribute to nGD pathology. For instance, abnormal accumulation of GluCer in lysosomes due to the loss of β-GC activity leads to excessive calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), activating the ER-associated degradation pathway and the unfolded protein response. Recent evidence indicates mitophagy is altered in nGD, resulting in the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, a critical factor in disease progression. Additionally, nGD patients present alterations in mitochondrial morphology, membrane potential, ATP production, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Little is known about potential dysfunction in other organelles of the secretory pathway, such as the Golgi apparatus and exosomes. This review focuses on collecting evidence regarding organelle dysfunction beyond lysosomes in nGD. We briefly describe cellular and animal models and signaling pathways relevant to uncovering the pathological mechanisms and new therapeutic targets in GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nohela B. Arévalo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian M. Lamaizon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana A. Cavieres
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra R. Álvarez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - María J. Yañez
- Faculty of Medicine and Science, School of Medical Technology, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: María J. Yañez
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Silvana Zanlungo
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murakawa T, Nakamura T, Kawaguchi K, Murayama F, Zhao N, Stasevich TJ, Kimura H, Fujita N. A Drosophila toolkit for HA-tagged proteins unveils a block in autophagy flux in the last instar larval fat body. Development 2022; 149:274775. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
For in vivo functional analysis of a protein of interest (POI), multiple transgenic strains with a POI that harbors different tags are needed but generation of these strains is still labor-intensive work. To overcome this, we have developed a versatile Drosophila toolkit with a genetically encoded single-chain variable fragment for the HA epitope tag: ‘HA Frankenbody’. This system allows various analyses of HA-tagged POI in live tissues by simply crossing an HA Frankenbody fly with an HA-tagged POI fly. Strikingly, the GFP-mCherry tandem fluorescent-tagged HA Frankenbody revealed a block in autophagic flux and an accumulation of enlarged autolysosomes in the last instar larval and prepupal fat body. Mechanistically, lysosomal activity was downregulated at this stage, and endocytosis, but not autophagy, was indispensable for the swelling of lysosomes. Furthermore, forced activation of lysosomes by fat body-targeted overexpression of Mitf, the single MiTF/TFE family gene in Drosophila, suppressed the lysosomal swelling and resulted in pupal lethality. Collectively, we propose that downregulated lysosomal function in the fat body plays a role in the metamorphosis of Drosophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Murakawa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakamura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawaguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Futoshi Murayama
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Timothy J. Stasevich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- World Research Hub Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- World Research Hub Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Naonobu Fujita
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science & Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science & Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pesaola F, Quassollo G, Venier AC, De Paul AL, Noher I, Bisbal M. The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-related protein CLN8 regulates endo-lysosomal dynamics and dendritic morphology. Biol Cell 2021; 113:419-437. [PMID: 34021618 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION The endo-lysosomal system (ELS) comprises a set of membranous organelles responsible for transporting intracellular and extracellular components within cells. Defects in lysosomal proteins usually affect a large variety of processes and underlie many diseases, most of them with a strong neuronal impact. Mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum-resident CLN8 protein cause CLN8 disease. This condition is one of the 14 known neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a group of inherited diseases characterised by accumulation of lipofuscin-like pigments within lysosomes. Besides mediating the transport of soluble lysosomal proteins, recent research suggested a role for CLN8 in the transport of vesicles and lipids, and autophagy. However, the consequences of CLN8 deficiency on ELS structure and activity, as well as the potential impact on neuronal development, remain poorly characterised. Therefore, we performed CLN8 knockdown in neuronal and non-neuronal cell models to analyse structural, dynamic and functional changes in the ELS and to assess the impact of CLN8 deficiency on axodendritic development. RESULTS CLN8 knockdown increased the size of the Golgi apparatus, the number of mobile vesicles and the speed of endo-lysosomes. Using the fluorescent fusion protein mApple-LAMP1-pHluorin, we detected significant lysosomal alkalisation in CLN8-deficient cells. In turn, experiments in primary rat hippocampal neurons showed that CLN8 deficiency decreased the complexity and size of the somatodendritic compartment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the participation of CLN8 in vesicular distribution, lysosomal pH and normal development of the dendritic tree. We speculate that the defects triggered by CLN8 deficiency on ELS structure and dynamics underlie morphological alterations in neurons, which ultimately lead to the characteristic neurodegeneration observed in this NCL. SIGNIFICANCE This is, to our knowledge, the first characterisation of the effects of CLN8 dysfunction on the structure and dynamics of the ELS. Moreover, our findings suggest a novel role for CLN8 in somatodendritic development, which may account at least in part for the neuropathological manifestations associated with CLN8 disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Favio Pesaola
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal, Hospital de Niños de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5014, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra"- IMMF-UNC-CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Av. Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Quassollo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra"- IMMF-UNC-CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Av. Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Venier
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal, Hospital de Niños de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5014, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Bv. de la Reforma y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, 5016, Argentina
| | - Ana Lucía De Paul
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Bv. de la Reforma y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, 5016, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Bv. de la Reforma y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, 5016, Argentina
| | - Ines Noher
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal, Hospital de Niños de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5014, Argentina
| | - Mariano Bisbal
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra"- IMMF-UNC-CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Av. Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina.,Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, 5016, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ribeiro H, Rocha MI, Castro H, Macedo MF. Chemical inhibition of β-glucocerebrosidase does not affect phagocytosis and early containment of Leishmania by murine macrophages. Exp Parasitol 2020; 216:107939. [PMID: 32535115 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disease in which a genetic deficiency in β-glucocerebrosidase leads to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in lysosomes. Macrophages are amongst the cells most severely affected in Gaucher disease patients. One phenotype associated with Gaucher macrophages is the impaired capacity to fight bacterial infections. Here, we investigate whether inhibition of β-glucocerebrosidase activity affects the capacity of macrophages to phagocytose and act on the early containment of human pathogens of the genus Leishmania. Towards our aim, we performed in vitro infection assays on macrophages derived from the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice. To mimic Gaucher disease, macrophages were incubated with the β-glucocerebrosidase inhibitor, conduritol B epoxide (CBE), prior to contact with Leishmania. This treatment guaranteed that β-glucocerebrosidase was fully inhibited during the contact of macrophages with Leishmania, its enzymatic activity being progressively recovered along the 48 h that followed removal of the inhibitor. Infections were performed with L. amazonensis, L. infantum, or L. major, so as to explore potential species-specific responses in the context of β-glucocerebrosidase inactivation. Parameters of infection, recorded immediately after phagocytosis, as well as 24 and 48 h later, revealed no noticeable differences in the infection parameters of CBE-treated macrophages relative to non-treated controls. We conclude that blocking β-glucocerebrosidase activity during contact with Leishmania does not interfere with the phagocytic capacity of macrophages and the early onset of leishmanicidal responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ribeiro
- Cell Activation and Gene Expression Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M I Rocha
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Molecular Parasitology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - H Castro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Molecular Parasitology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M F Macedo
- Cell Activation and Gene Expression Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ballout RA, Sviridov D, Bukrinsky MI, Remaley AT. The lysosome: A potential juncture between SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and Niemann-Pick disease type C, with therapeutic implications. FASEB J 2020; 34:7253-7264. [PMID: 32367579 PMCID: PMC7383733 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000654r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is potentially the fastest available option in the race to identify safe and efficacious drugs that can be used to prevent and/or treat COVID‐19. By describing the life cycle of the newly emergent coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, in light of emerging data on the therapeutic efficacy of various repurposed antimicrobials undergoing testing against the virus, we highlight in this review a possible mechanistic convergence between some of these tested compounds. Specifically, we propose that the lysosomotropic effects of hydroxychloroquine and several other drugs undergoing testing may be responsible for their demonstrated in vitro antiviral activities against COVID‐19. Moreover, we propose that Niemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC), a lysosomal storage disorder, may provide new insights into potential future therapeutic targets for SARS‐CoV‐2, by highlighting key established features of the disorder that together result in an “unfavorable” host cellular environment that may interfere with viral propagation. Our reasoning evolves from previous biochemical and cell biology findings related to NPC, coupled with the rapidly evolving data on COVID‐19. Our overall aim is to suggest that pharmacological interventions targeting lysosomal function in general, and those particularly capable of reversibly inducing transient NPC‐like cellular and biochemical phenotypes, constitute plausible mechanisms that could be used to therapeutically target COVID‐19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami A Ballout
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael I Bukrinsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Altered Sphingolipids Metabolism Damaged Mitochondrial Functions: Lessons Learned From Gaucher and Fabry Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041116. [PMID: 32295103 PMCID: PMC7230936 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids represent a class of bioactive lipids that modulate the biophysical properties of biological membranes and play a critical role in cell signal transduction. Multiple studies have demonstrated that sphingolipids control crucial cellular functions such as the cell cycle, senescence, autophagy, apoptosis, cell migration, and inflammation. Sphingolipid metabolism is highly compartmentalized within the subcellular locations. However, the majority of steps of sphingolipids metabolism occur in lysosomes. Altered sphingolipid metabolism with an accumulation of undigested substrates in lysosomes due to lysosomal enzyme deficiency is linked to lysosomal storage disorders (LSD). Trapping of sphingolipids and their metabolites in the lysosomes inhibits lipid recycling, which has a direct effect on the lipid composition of cellular membranes, including the inner mitochondrial membrane. Additionally, lysosomes are not only the house of digestive enzymes, but are also responsible for trafficking organelles, sensing nutrients, and repairing mitochondria. However, lysosomal abnormalities lead to alteration of autophagy and disturb the energy balance and mitochondrial function. In this review, an overview of mitochondrial function in cells with altered sphingolipid metabolism will be discussed focusing on the two most common sphingolipid disorders, Gaucher and Fabry diseases. The review highlights the status of mitochondrial energy metabolism and the regulation of mitochondria-autophagy-lysosome crosstalk.
Collapse
|
11
|
Koike K, Berdyshev EV, Mikosz AM, Bronova IA, Bronoff AS, Jung JP, Beatman EL, Ni K, Cao D, Scruggs AK, Serban KA, Petrache I. Role of Glucosylceramide in Lung Endothelial Cell Fate and Emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:1113-1125. [PMID: 31265321 PMCID: PMC6888657 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201812-2311oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The loss of pulmonary endothelial cells in emphysema is associated with increased lung ceramide. Ceramide perturbations may cause adaptive alterations in other bioactive sphingolipids, with pathogenic implications. We previously reported a negative correlation between emphysema and circulating glycosphingolipids (GSLs). Glucosylceramide (GlcCer), the initial GSL synthesized from ceramide by GCS (GlcCer synthase), is required for embryonic survival, but its role in the lung is unknown.Objectives: To determine if cigarette smoke (CS) alters lung GlcCer and to elucidate the role of GCS in lung endothelial cell fate.Methods: GlcCer was measured by tandem mass spectrometry in BAL fluid of CS- or elastase-exposed mice, and GCS was detected by Western blotting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease lungs and CS extract-exposed primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs). The role of GlcCer and GCS on mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling, autophagy, lysosomal function, and cell death were studied in HLMVECs with or without CS exposure.Measurements and Main Results: Mice exposed to chronic CS or to elastase, and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, exhibited significantly decreased lung GlcCer and GCS. In mice, lung GlcCer levels were negatively correlated with airspace size. GCS inhibition in HLMVEC increased lysosomal pH, suppressed mTOR signaling, and triggered autophagy with impaired lysosomal degradation and apoptosis, recapitulating CS effects. In turn, increasing GlcCer by GCS overexpression in HLMVEC improved autophagic flux and attenuated CS-induced apoptosis.Conclusions: Decreased GSL production in response to CS may be involved in emphysema pathogenesis, associated with autophagy with impaired lysosomal degradation and lung endothelial cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Koike
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Evgeny V. Berdyshev
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Andrew M. Mikosz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Irina A. Bronova
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Anna S. Bronoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - John P. Jung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Erica L. Beatman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Kevin Ni
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Danting Cao
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
- Pharmacology Graduate Program and
| | - April K. Scruggs
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Karina A. Serban
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Irina Petrache
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
- Pharmacology Graduate Program and
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wheeler S, Haberkant P, Bhardwaj M, Tongue P, Ferraz MJ, Halter D, Sprong H, Schmid R, Aerts JM, Sullo N, Sillence DJ. Cytosolic glucosylceramide regulates endolysosomal function in Niemann-Pick type C disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:242-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
13
|
Pereira CS, Pérez-Cabezas B, Ribeiro H, Maia ML, Cardoso MT, Dias AF, Azevedo O, Ferreira MF, Garcia P, Rodrigues E, Castro-Chaves P, Martins E, Aguiar P, Pineda M, Amraoui Y, Fecarotta S, Leão-Teles E, Deng S, Savage PB, Macedo MF. Lipid Antigen Presentation by CD1b and CD1d in Lysosomal Storage Disease Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1264. [PMID: 31214199 PMCID: PMC6558002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosome has a key role in the presentation of lipid antigens by CD1 molecules. While defects in lipid antigen presentation and in invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cell response were detected in several mouse models of lysosomal storage diseases (LSD), the impact of lysosomal engorgement in human lipid antigen presentation is poorly characterized. Here, we analyzed the capacity of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) from Fabry, Gaucher, Niemann Pick type C and Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI disease patients to present exogenous antigens to lipid-specific T cells. The CD1b- and CD1d-restricted presentation of lipid antigens by Mo-DCs revealed an ability of LSD patients to induce CD1-restricted T cell responses within the control range. Similarly, freshly isolated monocytes from Fabry and Gaucher disease patients had a normal ability to present α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) antigen by CD1d. Gaucher disease patients' monocytes had an increased capacity to present α-Gal-(1-2)-αGalCer, an antigen that needs internalization and processing to become antigenic. In summary, our results show that Fabry, Gaucher, Niemann Pick type C, and Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI disease patients do not present a decreased capacity to present CD1d-restricted lipid antigens. These observations are in contrast to what was observed in mouse models of LSD. The percentage of total iNKT cells in the peripheral blood of these patients is also similar to control individuals. In addition, we show that the presentation of exogenous lipids that directly bind CD1b, the human CD1 isoform with an intracellular trafficking to the lysosome, is normal in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catia S Pereira
- CAGE, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CAGE, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Begoña Pérez-Cabezas
- CAGE, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CAGE, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- CAGE, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CAGE, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Luz Maia
- UniLipe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Teresa Cardoso
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo (DHM), Centro Hospitalar de São João, Medicina Interna, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana F Dias
- UniLipe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga Azevedo
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Lisossomais de Sobrecarga, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M Fatima Ferreira
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo (DHM), Hematologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Garcia
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo (DHM), Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Esmeralda Rodrigues
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo (DHM), Pediatria, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Castro-Chaves
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo (DHM), Centro Hospitalar de São João, Medicina Interna, Porto, Portugal
| | - Esmeralda Martins
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo (DHM), Pediatria, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patricio Aguiar
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo (DHM), Medicina, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mercè Pineda
- Centre de Recerca e Investigació, Fundacio Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasmina Amraoui
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Simona Fecarotta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Leão-Teles
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo (DHM), Pediatria, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shenglou Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Paul B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - M Fatima Macedo
- CAGE, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CAGE, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Song HY, Chien CS, Yarmishyn AA, Chou SJ, Yang YP, Wang ML, Wang CY, Leu HB, Yu WC, Chang YL, Chiou SH. Generation of GLA-Knockout Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines to Model Autophagic Dysfunction and Exosome Secretion in Fabry Disease-Associated Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040327. [PMID: 30965672 PMCID: PMC6523555 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by a wide range of systemic symptoms; it is particularly associated with cardiovascular and renal problems. Enzyme replacement therapy and pharmacological chaperone migalastat are the only approved and effective treatment strategies for FD patients. It is well documented that alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) enzyme activity deficiency causes globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulation, which plays a crucial role in the etiology of FD. However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear, and the lack of a reliable and powerful disease model is an obstacle. In this study, we created such a model by using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of GLA gene to knockout its expression in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The cardiomyocytes differentiated from these hESCs (GLA-null CMs) were characterized by the accumulation of Gb3 and significant increases of cell surface area, the landmarks of FD-associated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, we used mass spectrometry to compare the proteomes of GLA-null CMs and parental wild type CMs and found that the Rab GTPases involved in exocytotic vesicle release were significantly downregulated. This caused impairment of autophagic flux and protein turnover, resulting in an increase of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. To summarize, we established a FD model which can be used as a promising tool to study human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a physiologically and pathologically relevant manner and to develop new therapies by targeting Rab GTPases signaling-related exosomal vesicles transportation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yung Song
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Chian-Shiu Chien
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Aliaksandr A Yarmishyn
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ying Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergent Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Bang Leu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology & Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chung Yu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology & Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11574, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Defective Sphingolipids Metabolism and Tumor Associated Macrophages as the Possible Links Between Gaucher Disease and Blood Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040843. [PMID: 30781349 PMCID: PMC6412850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a rising number of evidence indicating the increased risk of cancer development in association with congenital metabolic errors. Although these diseases represent disorders of individual genes, they lead to the disruption of metabolic pathways resulting in metabolite accumulation or their deficiency. Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive sphingolipidosis. It is a rare lysosomal storage disease. A strong correlation between GD and different types of cancers, such as multiple myeloma, leukemia, and hepatocellular carcinoma, has been reported. Common features for all types of GD include spleen and liver enlargement, cytopenia, and a variety of bone defects. Overall, the molecular bases leading to the association of GD and cancers are not clearly understood. Here, we describe the role of ceramides in GD, discuss the potential implications of immune cells activation and show how the disturbances in their metabolism might promote blood cancer development.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Bietti’s crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is an autosomal recessive, progressive chorioretinal degenerative disease. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are impaired in patients with BCD, but the underlying mechanisms of RPE cell damage have not yet been determined because cells from lesions cannot be readily acquired from patients with BCD. In the present study, we successfully generated a human in vitro model of BCD, BCD patient-specific iPSC-RPE cells, and demonstrated that the accumulation of free cholesterol caused RPE cell damage and subsequent cell death via the induction of lysosomal dysfunction and impairment of autophagy flux in BCD-affected cells. We believe these findings provide evidence of the possible therapeutic efficacy of reducing intracellular free cholesterol in BCD. Bietti’s crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is an intractable and progressive chorioretinal degenerative disease caused by mutations in the CYP4V2 gene, resulting in blindness in most patients. Although we and others have shown that retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are primarily impaired in patients with BCD, the underlying mechanisms of RPE cell damage are still unclear because we lack access to appropriate disease models and to lesion-affected cells from patients with BCD. Here, we generated human RPE cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with BCD carrying a CYP4V2 mutation and successfully established an in vitro model of BCD, i.e., BCD patient-specific iPSC-RPE cells. In this model, RPE cells showed degenerative changes of vacuolated cytoplasm similar to those in postmortem specimens from patients with BCD. BCD iPSC-RPE cells exhibited lysosomal dysfunction and impairment of autophagy flux, followed by cell death. Lipidomic analyses revealed the accumulation of glucosylceramide and free cholesterol in BCD-affected cells. Notably, we found that reducing free cholesterol by cyclodextrins or δ-tocopherol in RPE cells rescued BCD phenotypes, whereas glucosylceramide reduction did not affect the BCD phenotype. Our data provide evidence that reducing intracellular free cholesterol may have therapeutic efficacy in patients with BCD.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gegg ME, Schapira AHV. The role of glucocerebrosidase in Parkinson disease pathogenesis. FEBS J 2018; 285:3591-3603. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Gegg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Neurology; University College London; UK
| | - Anthony H. V. Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Neurology; University College London; UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chakraborty K, Leung K, Krishnan Y. High lumenal chloride in the lysosome is critical for lysosome function. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28742019 PMCID: PMC5526669 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are organelles responsible for the breakdown and recycling of cellular machinery. Dysfunctional lysosomes give rise to lysosomal storage disorders as well as common neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we use a DNA-based, fluorescent chloride reporter to measure lysosomal chloride in Caenorhabditis elegans as well as murine and human cell culture models of lysosomal diseases. We find that the lysosome is highly enriched in chloride, and that chloride reduction correlates directly with a loss in the degradative function of the lysosome. In nematodes and mammalian cell culture models of diverse lysosomal disorders, where previously only lysosomal pH dysregulation has been described, massive reduction of lumenal chloride is observed that is ~103 fold greater than the accompanying pH change. Reducing chloride within the lysosome impacts Ca2+ release from the lysosome and impedes the activity of specific lysosomal enzymes indicating a broader role for chloride in lysosomal function. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28862.001 In cells, worn out proteins and other unnecessary materials are sent to small compartments called lysosomes to be broken down and recycled. Lysosomes contain many different proteins including some that break down waste material into recyclable fragments and others that transport the fragments out of the lysosome. If any of these proteins do not work, waste products build up and cause disease. There are around 70 such lysosomal storage diseases, each arising from a different lysosomal protein not working correctly. A recently developed “nanodevice” called Clensor can measure the levels of chloride ions inside cells. Clensor is constructed from DNA, and its fluorescence changes when it detects chloride ions. Although chloride ions have many biological roles, chloride ion levels had not been measured inside a living organism. Now, Chakraborty et al. – including some of the researchers who developed Clensor – have used this nanodevice to examine chloride ion levels in the lysosomes of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. This revealed that the lysosomes contain high levels of chloride ions. Furthermore, reducing the amount of chloride in the lysosomes made them worse at breaking down waste. Do lysosomes affected by lysosome storage diseases also contain low levels of chloride ions? To find out, Chakraborty et al. used Clensor to study C. elegans worms and mouse and human cells whose lysosomes accumulate waste products. In all these cases, the levels of chloride in the diseased lysosomes were much lower than normal. This had a number of effects on how the lysosomes worked, such as reducing the activity of key lysosomal proteins. Chakraborty et al. also found that Clensor can be used to distinguish between different lysosomal storage diseases. This means that in the future, Clensor (or similar methods that directly measure chloride ion levels in lysosomes) may be useful not just for research purposes. They may also be valuable for diagnosing lysosomal storage diseases early in infancy that, if left undiagnosed, are fatal. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28862.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - KaHo Leung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Drake MJ, Brennan B, Briley Jr K, Bart SM, Sherman E, Szemiel AM, Minutillo M, Bushman FD, Bates P. A role for glycolipid biosynthesis in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus entry. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006316. [PMID: 28388693 PMCID: PMC5397019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel bunyavirus was recently found to cause severe febrile illness with high mortality in agricultural regions of China, Japan, and South Korea. This virus, named severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), represents a new group within the Phlebovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae. Little is known about the viral entry requirements beyond showing dependence on dynamin and endosomal acidification. A haploid forward genetic screen was performed to identify host cell requirements for SFTSV entry. The screen identified dependence on glucosylceramide synthase (ugcg), the enzyme responsible for initiating de novo glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. Genetic and pharmacological approaches confirmed that UGCG expression and enzymatic activity were required for efficient SFTSV entry. Furthermore, inhibition of UGCG affected a post-internalization stage of SFTSV entry, leading to the accumulation of virus particles in enlarged cytoplasmic structures, suggesting impaired trafficking and/or fusion of viral and host membranes. These findings specify a role for glucosylceramide in SFTSV entry and provide a novel target for antiviral therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Drake
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Brennan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Briley Jr
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Bart
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eric Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Agnieszka M. Szemiel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine Minutillo
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Frederic D. Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
de la Mata M, Cotán D, Oropesa-Ávila M, Villanueva-Paz M, de Lavera I, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Luzón-Hidalgo R, Suárez-Rivero JM, Tiscornia G, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Coenzyme Q 10 partially restores pathological alterations in a macrophage model of Gaucher disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:23. [PMID: 28166796 PMCID: PMC5292786 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by mutations in the GBA1 gene which encodes lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). In GD, partial or complete loss of GCase activity causes the accumulation of the glycolipids glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and glucosylsphingosine in the lysosomes of macrophages. In this manuscript, we investigated the effects of glycolipids accumulation on lysosomal and mitochondrial function, inflammasome activation and efferocytosis capacity in a THP-1 macrophage model of Gaucher disease. In addition, the beneficial effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) supplementation on cellular alterations were evaluated. Chemically-induced Gaucher macrophages were developed by differentiateing THP-1 monocytes to macrophages by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and then inhibiting intracellular GCase with conduritol B-epoxide (CBE), a specific irreversible inhibitor of GCase activity, and supplementing the medium with exogenous GlcCer. This cell model accumulated up to 16-fold more GlcCer compared with control THP-1 cells. RESULTS Chemically-induced Gaucher macrophages showed impaired autophagy flux associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress, inflammasome activation and impaired efferocytosis. All abnormalities were partially restored by supplementation with CoQ. CONCLUSION These data suggest that targeting mitochondria function and oxidative stress by CoQ can ameliorate the pathological phenotype of Gaucher cells. Chemically-induced Gaucher macrophages provide cellular models that can be used to investigate disease pathogenesis and explore new therapeutics for GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Isabel de Lavera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Raquel Luzón-Hidalgo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Juan M Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Gustavo Tiscornia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Varela ARP, Ventura AE, Carreira AC, Fedorov A, Futerman AH, Prieto M, Silva LC. Pathological levels of glucosylceramide change the biophysical properties of artificial and cell membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:340-346. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of glucosylceramide decreases membrane fluidity in artificial membranes and in cell models of Gaucher disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. P. Varela
- iMed.ULisboa – Research Institute for Medicines
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Ana E. Ventura
- iMed.ULisboa – Research Institute for Medicines
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Ana C. Carreira
- iMed.ULisboa – Research Institute for Medicines
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Aleksander Fedorov
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Anthony H. Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 76100
- Israel
| | - Manuel Prieto
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Liana C. Silva
- iMed.ULisboa – Research Institute for Medicines
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lysosomal Re-acidification Prevents Lysosphingolipid-Induced Lysosomal Impairment and Cellular Toxicity. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002583. [PMID: 27977664 PMCID: PMC5169359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are severe and untreatable, and mechanisms underlying cellular dysfunction are poorly understood. We found that toxic lipids relevant to three different LSDs disrupt multiple lysosomal and other cellular functions. Unbiased drug discovery revealed several structurally distinct protective compounds, approved for other uses, that prevent lysosomal and cellular toxicities of these lipids. Toxic lipids and protective agents show unexpected convergence on control of lysosomal pH and re-acidification as a critical component of toxicity and protection. In twitcher mice (a model of Krabbe disease [KD]), a central nervous system (CNS)-penetrant protective agent rescued myelin and oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitors, improved motor behavior, and extended lifespan. Our studies reveal shared principles relevant to several LSDs, in which diverse cellular and biochemical disruptions appear to be secondary to disruption of lysosomal pH regulation by specific lipids. These studies also provide novel protective strategies that confer therapeutic benefits in a mouse model of a severe LSD.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lloyd-Evans E, Haslett LJ. The lysosomal storage disease continuum with ageing-related neurodegenerative disease. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:104-121. [PMID: 27516378 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases and diseases of ageing share many features both at the physiological level and with respect to the mechanisms that underlie disease pathogenesis. Although the exact pathophysiology is not exactly the same, it is astounding how many similar pathways are altered in all of these diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the shared disease mechanisms, outlining the similarities and differences and how genetics, insight into rare diseases and functional research has changed our perspective on the causes underlying common diseases of ageing. The lysosome should no longer be considered as just the stomach of the cell or as a suicide bag, it has an emerging role in cellular signalling, nutrient sensing and recycling. The lysosome is of fundamental importance in the pathophysiology of diseases of ageing and by comparing against the LSDs we not only identify common pathways but also therapeutic targets so that ultimately more effective treatments can be developed for all neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
24
|
Magalhaes J, Gegg ME, Migdalska-Richards A, Doherty MK, Whitfield PD, Schapira AHV. Autophagic lysosome reformation dysfunction in glucocerebrosidase deficient cells: relevance to Parkinson disease. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3432-3445. [PMID: 27378698 PMCID: PMC5179940 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene mutations increase the risk of Parkinson disease (PD). While the cellular mechanisms associating GBA1 mutations and PD are unknown, loss of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme (GCase) activity, inhibition of autophagy and increased α-synuclein levels have been implicated. Here we show that autophagy lysosomal reformation (ALR) is compromised in cells lacking functional GCase. ALR is a cellular process controlled by mTOR which regenerates functional lysosomes from autolysosomes formed during macroautophagy. A decrease in phopho-S6K levels, a marker of mTOR activity, was observed in models of GCase deficiency, including primary mouse neurons and the PD patient derived fibroblasts with GBA1 mutations, suggesting that ALR is compromised. Importantly Rab7, a GTPase crucial for endosome-lysosome trafficking and ALR, accumulated in GCase deficient cells, supporting the notion that lysosomal recycling is impaired. Recombinant GCase treatment reversed ALR inhibition and lysosomal dysfunction. Moreover, ALR dysfunction was accompanied by impairment of macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy, increased levels of total and phosphorylated (S129) monomeric α-synuclein, evidence of amyloid oligomers and increased α-synuclein release. Concurrently, we found increased cholesterol and altered glucosylceramide homeostasis which could compromise ALR. We propose that GCase deficiency in PD inhibits lysosomal recycling. Consequently neurons are unable to maintain the pool of mature and functional lysosomes required for the autophagic clearance of α-synuclein, leading to the accumulation and spread of pathogenic α-synuclein species in the brain. Since GCase deficiency and lysosomal dysfunction occur with ageing and sporadic PD pathology, the decrease in lysosomal reformation may be a common feature in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Magalhaes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
| | - Matthew E Gegg
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
| | - Anna Migdalska-Richards
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
| | - Mary K Doherty
- Lipidomics Research Facility, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Phillip D Whitfield
- Lipidomics Research Facility, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ilan Y. Compounds of the sphingomyelin-ceramide-glycosphingolipid pathways as secondary messenger molecules: new targets for novel therapies for fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G1102-17. [PMID: 27173510 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00095.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The compounds of sphingomyelin-ceramide-glycosphingolipid pathways have been studied as potential secondary messenger molecules in various systems, along with liver function and insulin resistance. Secondary messenger molecules act directly or indirectly to affect cell organelles and intercellular interactions. Their potential role in the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis and diabetes has been suggested. Data samples collected from patients with Gaucher's disease, who had high levels of glucocerebroside, support a role for compounds from these pathways as a messenger molecules in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease and diabetes. The present review summarizes some of the recent data on the role of glycosphingolipid molecules as messenger molecules in various physiological and pathological conditions, more specifically including insulin resistance and fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Ilan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
First-Generation Antipsychotic Haloperidol Alters the Functionality of the Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Compartment in Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:404. [PMID: 26999125 PMCID: PMC4813259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
First- and second-generation antipsychotics (FGAs and SGAs, respectively), have the ability to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and also to interrupt the intracellular cholesterol trafficking, interfering with low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol egress from late endosomes/lysosomes. In the present work, we examined the effects of FGA haloperidol on the functionality of late endosomes/lysosomes in vitro. In HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells incubated in the presence of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanineperchlorate (DiI)-LDL, treatment with haloperidol caused the enlargement of organelles positive for late endosome markers lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) and LBPA (lysobisphosphatidic acid), which also showed increased content of both free-cholesterol and DiI derived from LDL. This indicates the accumulation of LDL-lipids in the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment caused by haloperidol. In contrast, LDL traffic through early endosomes and the Golgi apparatus appeared to be unaffected by the antipsychotic as the distribution of both early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) and coatomer subunit β (β-COP) were not perturbed. Notably, treatment with haloperidol significantly increased the lysosomal pH and decreased the activities of lysosomal protease and β-d-galactosidase in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that the alkalinization of the lysosomes' internal milieu induced by haloperidol affects lysosomal functionality.
Collapse
|
27
|
Binnington B, Nguyen L, Kamani M, Hossain D, Marks DL, Budani M, Lingwood CA. Inhibition of Rab prenylation by statins induces cellular glycosphingolipid remodeling. Glycobiology 2016; 26:166-80. [PMID: 26405105 PMCID: PMC4691287 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, which specifically inhibit HMG Co-A reductase, the rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis, are widely prescribed to reduce serum cholesterol and cardiac risk, but many other effects are seen. We now show an effect of these drugs to induce profound changes in the step-wise synthesis of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in the Golgi. Glucosylceramide (GlcCer) was increased several-fold in all cell lines tested, demonstrating a widespread effect. Additionally, de novo or elevated lactotriaosylceramide (Lc3Cer; GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4GlcCer) synthesis was observed in 70%. Western blot showed that GlcCer synthase (GCS) was elevated by statins, and GCS and Lc3Cer synthase (Lc3S) activities were increased; however, transcript was elevated for Lc3S only. Supplementation with the isoprenoid precursor, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), a downstream product of HMG Co-A reductase, reversed statin-induced glycosyltransferase and GSL elevation. The Rab geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor 3-PEHPC, but not specific inhibitors of farnesyl transferase, or geranylgeranyl transferase I, was sufficient to replicate statin-induced GlcCer and Lc3Cer synthesis, supporting a Rab prenylation-dependent mechanism. While total cholesterol was unaffected, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) cholesterol pool was dissipated and medial Golgi GCS partially relocated by statins. GSL-dependent vesicular retrograde transport of Verotoxin and cholera toxin to the Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum were blocked after statin or 3-PEHPC treatment, suggesting aberrant, prenylation-dependent vesicular traffic as a basis of glycosyltransferase increase and GSL remodeling. These in vitro studies indicate a previously unreported link between Rab prenylation and regulation of GCS activity and GlcCer metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth Binnington
- Research Institute, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Long Nguyen
- Research Institute, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mustafa Kamani
- Research Institute, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada Department of Biochemistry
| | - Delowar Hossain
- Research Institute, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - David L Marks
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Monique Budani
- Research Institute, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Clifford A Lingwood
- Research Institute, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada Department of Biochemistry Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Marques ARA, Gabriel TL, Aten J, van Roomen CPAA, Ottenhoff R, Claessen N, Alfonso P, Irún P, Giraldo P, Aerts JMFG, van Eijk M. Gpnmb Is a Potential Marker for the Visceral Pathology in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147208. [PMID: 26771826 PMCID: PMC4714856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired function of NPC1 or NPC2 lysosomal proteins leads to the intracellular accumulation of unesterified cholesterol, the primary defect underlying Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease. In addition, glycosphingolipids (GSLs) accumulate in lysosomes as well. Intralysosomal lipid accumulation triggers the activation of a set of genes, including potential biomarkers. Transcript levels of Gpnmb have been shown to be elevated in various tissues of an NPC mouse model. We speculated that Gpnmb could serve as a marker for visceral lipid accumulation in NPC disease. We report that Gpnmb expression is increased at protein level in macrophages in the viscera of Npc1nih/nih mice. Interestingly, soluble Gpnmb was also found to be increased in murine and NPC patient plasma. Exposure of RAW264.7 macrophages to the NPC-phenotype-inducing drug U18666A also upregulated Gpnmb expression. Inhibition of GSL synthesis with the glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor N-butyl-1-deoxynojirimycin prevented U18666A-induced Gpnmb induction and secretion. In summary, we show that Gpnmb is upregulated in NPC mice and patients, most likely due to GSL accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André R. A. Marques
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanit L. Gabriel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Aten
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nike Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Alfonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Irún
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Giraldo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Johannes M. F. G. Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rocha EM, Smith GA, Park E, Cao H, Graham AR, Brown E, McLean JR, Hayes MA, Beagan J, Izen SC, Perez-Torres E, Hallett PJ, Isacson O. Sustained Systemic Glucocerebrosidase Inhibition Induces Brain α-Synuclein Aggregation, Microglia and Complement C1q Activation in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:550-64. [PMID: 26094487 PMCID: PMC4544823 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Loss-of-function mutations in GBA1, which cause the autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, Gaucher disease (GD), are also a key genetic risk factor for the α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies. GBA1 encodes for the lysosomal hydrolase glucocerebrosidase and reductions in this enzyme result in the accumulation of the glycolipid substrates glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine. Deficits in autophagy and lysosomal degradation pathways likely contribute to the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein in PD. In this report we used conduritol-β-epoxide (CBE), a potent selective irreversible competitive inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase, to model reduced glucocerebrosidase activity in vivo, and tested whether sustained glucocerebrosidase inhibition in mice could induce neuropathological abnormalities including α-synucleinopathy, and neurodegeneration. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that daily systemic CBE treatment over 28 days caused accumulation of insoluble α-synuclein aggregates in the substantia nigra, and altered levels of proteins involved in the autophagy lysosomal system. These neuropathological changes were paralleled by widespread neuroinflammation, upregulation of complement C1q, abnormalities in synaptic, axonal transport and cytoskeletal proteins, and neurodegeneration. INNOVATION A reduction in brain GCase activity has been linked to sporadic PD and normal aging, and may contribute to the susceptibility of vulnerable neurons to degeneration. This report demonstrates that systemic reduction of GCase activity using chemical inhibition, leads to neuropathological changes in the brain reminiscent of α-synucleinopathy. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal a link between reduced glucocerebrosidase and the development of α-synucleinopathy and pathophysiological abnormalities in mice, and support the development of GCase therapeutics to reduce α-synucleinopathy in PD and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Rocha
- 1 Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital , Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Gaynor A Smith
- 1 Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital , Belmont, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesse R McLean
- 1 Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital , Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa A Hayes
- 1 Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital , Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Beagan
- 1 Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital , Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah C Izen
- 1 Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital , Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Eduardo Perez-Torres
- 1 Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital , Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Penelope J Hallett
- 1 Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital , Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Ole Isacson
- 1 Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital , Belmont, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wheeler S, Sillence DJ. Mechanisms of Gaucher disease pathogenesis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:S1. [PMID: 26046054 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.03.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wheeler
- School of Pharmacy, Hawthorn Building, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Dan John Sillence
- School of Pharmacy, Hawthorn Building, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Oxidative stress parameters of Gaucher disease type I patients. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2015; 4:1-5. [PMID: 26937402 PMCID: PMC4750563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
32
|
Guha S, Coffey EE, Lu W, Lim JC, Beckel JM, Laties AM, Boesze-Battaglia K, Mitchell CH. Approaches for detecting lysosomal alkalinization and impaired degradation in fresh and cultured RPE cells: evidence for a role in retinal degenerations. Exp Eye Res 2014; 126:68-76. [PMID: 25152362 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes contribute to a multitude of cellular processes, and the pH of the lysosomal lumen plays a central mechanistic role in many of these functions. In addition to controlling the rate of enzymatic degradation for material delivered through autophagic or phagocytotic pathways, lysosomal pH regulates events such as lysosomal fusion with autophagosomes and the release of lysosomal calcium into the cytoplasm. Disruption of either the steady state lysosomal pH or of the regulated manipulations to lysosomal pH may be pathological. For example, chloroquine elevates the lysosomal pH of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and triggers a retinopathy characterized by the accumulation of lipofuscin-like material in both humans and animals. Compensatory responses to restore lysosomal pH are observed; new data illustrate that chronic chloroquine treatment increases mRNA expression of the lysosomal/autophagy master transcription factor TcFEB and of the vesicular proton pump vHATPase in the RPE/choroid of mice. An elevated lysosomal pH with upregulation of TcFEB and vHATPase resembles the pathology in fibroblasts of patients with mutant presenilin 1 (PS1), suggesting a common link between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Alzheimer's disease. While the absolute rise in pH is often small in these disorders, elevations of only a few tenths of a pH unit can have a major impact on both lysosomal function and the accumulation of waste over decades. Accurate measurement of lysosomal pH can be complex, and imprecise measurements have clouded the field. Protocols to optimize pH measurement from fresh and cultured cells are discussed, and indirect measurements to confirm changes in lysosomal pH and degradative capacity are addressed. The ability of reacidifying treatments to restore degradative function confirms the central role of lysosomal pH in these disorders and identifies potential approaches to treat diseases of lysosomal accumulation like AMD and Alzheimer's disease. In summary, various approaches to determine lysosomal pH in fresh and cultured cells, as well as the potential to restore pH levels to an optimal range, can help identify and repair pathologies associated with lysosomal defects in RPE cells and perhaps also suggest new approaches to treat lysosomal storage diseases throughout the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Guha
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erin E Coffey
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wennan Lu
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason C Lim
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Beckel
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Alan M Laties
- Departments of Ophthalmology University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Claire H Mitchell
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Departments of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Varela ARP, Gonçalves da Silva AMPS, Fedorov A, Futerman AH, Prieto M, Silva LC. Influence of intracellular membrane pH on sphingolipid organization and membrane biophysical properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4094-4104. [PMID: 24654655 DOI: 10.1021/la5003397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucosylceramide (GlcCer) is a signaling lipid involved in the regulation of several cellular processes. It is present in different organelles, including the plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes. Accordingly, GlcCer is exposed to different pH environments in each organelle, which may lead to alterations in its properties and lateral organization and subsequent biological outcome. In this study, we addressed the effect of pH on the biophysical behavior of this lipid and other structurally related sphingolipids (SLs). Membranes composed of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and C16-GlcCer, sphingomyelin, and different acyl chain ceramides were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, and surface pressure-area measurements under neutral and acidic conditions. The results show that changing the pH from 7.4 to 5.5 has a larger impact on C16-GlcCer-containing membranes compared to other SLs. In addition, acidification mainly affects the organization and packing properties of the GlcCer-enriched gel phase, suggesting that the interactions established by the glucose moiety, in the GlcCer molecule, are those most affected by the increase in the acidity. These results further highlight the role of GlcCer as a modulator of membrane biophysical properties and will possibly contribute to the understanding of its biological function in different organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R P Varela
- iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa , Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Perturbation of neuronal cobalamin transport by lysosomal enzyme inhibition. Biosci Rep 2014; 34:BSR20130130. [PMID: 27919045 PMCID: PMC3908614 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20130130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cbl (cobalamin) utilization as an enzyme cofactor is dependent on its efficient transit through lysosomes to the cytosol and mitochondria. We have previously proposed that pathophysiological perturbations in lysosomal function may inhibit intracellular Cbl transport with consequences for down-stream metabolic pathways. In the current study, we used both HT1080 fibroblasts and SH-SY5Y neurons to assess the impact that protease inhibitors, chloroquine and leupeptin (N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-argininal), have on the distribution of [57Co]Cbl in lysosomes, mitochondria and cytosol. Under standard cell culture conditions the distribution of [57Co]Cbl in both neurons and fibroblasts was ~5% in lysosomes, 14% in mitochondria and 81% in cytosol. Treatment of cells with either 25 μM chloroquine or 40 μM leupeptin for 48 h significantly increased the lysosomal [57Co]Cbl levels, by 4-fold in fibroblasts and 10-fold in neurons, and this was associated with reduced cytosolic and mitochondrial [57Co]Cbl concentrations. Based on Western blotting of LAMP2 in fractions recovered from an OptiPrep density gradient, lysosomal Cbl trapping was associated with an expansion of the lysosomal compartment and an increase in a subpopulation of lysosomes with increased size and density. Moreover, the decreased mitochondrial Cbl that was associated with lysosomal Cbl trapping was correlated with decreased incorporation of [14C] propionate into cellular proteins/macromolecules, indicating an inhibition of Cbl-dependent Mm-CoA (methylmalonyl-coenzyme A) mutase activity. These results add support to the idea that lysosomal dysfunction may significantly impact upon Cbl transport and utilization.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ginns EI, Mak SKK, Ko N, Karlgren J, Akbarian S, Chou VP, Guo Y, Lim A, Samuelsson S, LaMarca ML, Vazquez-DeRose J, Manning-Boğ AB. Neuroinflammation and α-synuclein accumulation in response to glucocerebrosidase deficiency are accompanied by synaptic dysfunction. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 111:152-62. [PMID: 24388731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical, epidemiological and experimental studies confirm a connection between the common degenerative movement disorder Parkinson's disease (PD) that affects over 1 million individuals, and Gaucher disease, the most prevalent lysosomal storage disorder. Recently, human imaging studies have implicated impaired striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission in early PD pathogenesis in the context of Gaucher disease mutations, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be characterized. In this report we describe and characterize two novel long-lived transgenic mouse models of Gba deficiency, along with a subchronic conduritol-ß-epoxide (CBE) exposure paradigm. All three murine models revealed striking glial activation within nigrostriatal pathways, accompanied by abnormal α-synuclein accumulation. Importantly, the CBE-induced, pharmacological Gaucher mouse model replicated this change in dopamine neurotransmission, revealing a markedly reduced evoked striatal dopamine release (approximately 2-fold) that indicates synaptic dysfunction. Other changes in synaptic plasticity markers, including microRNA profile and a 24.9% reduction in post-synaptic density size, were concomitant with diminished evoked dopamine release following CBE exposure. These studies afford new insights into the mechanisms underlying the Parkinson's-Gaucher disease connection, and into the physiological impact of related abnormal α-synuclein accumulation and neuroinflammation on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotransmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward I Ginns
- Lysosomal Disorders Treatment and Research Program, Clinical Labs, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01545, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01545, USA; Clinical Neuroscience Branch, IRP, NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sally K-K Mak
- Center for Health Sciences, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Novie Ko
- Center for Health Sciences, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Juliane Karlgren
- Lysosomal Disorders Treatment and Research Program, Clinical Labs, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01545, USA
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01545, USA
| | - Vivian P Chou
- Center for Health Sciences, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01545, USA
| | - Arlene Lim
- Lysosomal Disorders Treatment and Research Program, Clinical Labs, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01545, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01545, USA
| | - Steven Samuelsson
- Center for Neuroscience, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mary L LaMarca
- Clinical Neuroscience Branch, IRP, NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Amy B Manning-Boğ
- Center for Health Sciences, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| |
Collapse
|