1
|
Lebas M, Chinigò G, Courmont E, Bettaieb L, Machmouchi A, Goveia J, Beatovic A, Van Kerckhove J, Robil C, Angulo FS, Vedelago M, Errerd A, Treps L, Gao V, Delgado De la Herrán HC, Mayeuf-Louchart A, L’homme L, Chamlali M, Dejos C, Gouyer V, Garikipati VNS, Tomar D, Yin H, Fukui H, Vinckier S, Stolte A, Conradi LC, Infanti F, Lemonnier L, Zeisberg E, Luo Y, Lin L, Desseyn JL, Pickering G, Kishore R, Madesh M, Dombrowicz D, Perocchi F, Staels B, Pla AF, Gkika D, Cantelmo AR. Integrated single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals mitochondrial calcium signaling as a modulator of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp6182. [PMID: 39121218 PMCID: PMC11313856 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp6182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are highly plastic, capable of differentiating into various cell types. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is crucial during embryonic development and contributes substantially to vascular dysfunction in many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While targeting EndMT holds therapeutic promise, understanding its mechanisms and modulating its pathways remain challenging. Using single-cell RNA sequencing on three in vitro EndMT models, we identified conserved gene signatures. We validated original regulators in vitro and in vivo during embryonic heart development and peripheral artery disease. EndMT induction led to global expression changes in all EC subtypes rather than in mesenchymal clusters. We identified mitochondrial calcium uptake as a key driver of EndMT; inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) prevented EndMT in vitro, and conditional Mcu deletion in ECs blocked mesenchymal activation in a hind limb ischemia model. Tissues from patients with critical limb ischemia with EndMT features exhibited significantly elevated endothelial MCU. These findings highlight MCU as a regulator of EndMT and a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lebas
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Giorgia Chinigò
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Evan Courmont
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Louay Bettaieb
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amani Machmouchi
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Cyril Robil
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Fabiola Silva Angulo
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mauro Vedelago
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alina Errerd
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
- Molecular Biosciences/Cancer Biology Program, Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucas Treps
- Nantes Université, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Vance Gao
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Alicia Mayeuf-Louchart
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent L’homme
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mohamed Chamlali
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Dejos
- INSERM, U1003 - PHYCEL - Physiologie Cellulaire, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Gouyer
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 Infinite, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Hao Yin
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Hajime Fukui
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB and Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anneke Stolte
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Loic Lemonnier
- INSERM, U1003 - PHYCEL - Physiologie Cellulaire, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Elisabeth Zeisberg
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Lower Saxony, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jean-Luc Desseyn
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 Infinite, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Geoffrey Pickering
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry, and Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - David Dombrowicz
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Fabiana Perocchi
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Bart Staels
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
- INSERM, U1003 - PHYCEL - Physiologie Cellulaire, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dimitra Gkika
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anna Rita Cantelmo
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Landman SL, Ressing ME, Gram AM, Tjokrodirijo RTN, van Veelen PA, Neefjes J, Hoeben RC, van der Veen AG, Berlin I. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen EBNA3A modulates IRF3-dependent IFNβ expression. J Biol Chem 2024:107645. [PMID: 39127175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis, persistently infects over 90% of the human adult population and is associated with several human cancers. To establish life-long infection, EBV tampers with the induction of type I interferon (IFN I)-dependent antiviral immunity in the host. How various EBV genes help orchestrate this crucial strategy is incompletely defined. Here, we reveal a mechanism by which the EBV nuclear antigen 3A (EBNA3A) may inhibit IFNβ induction. Using proximity biotinylation we identify the histone acetyltransferase P300, a member of the IFNβ transcriptional complex, as a binding partner of EBNA3A. We further show that EBNA3A also interacts with the activated IFN-inducing transcription factor IRF3 that collaborates with P300 in the nucleus. Both events are mediated by the N-terminal domain of EBNA3A. We propose that EBNA3A limits binding of IRF3 to the IFNβ promoter, thereby hampering downstream IFN I signaling. Collectively, our findings suggest a new mechanism of immune evasion by EBV, affected by its latency gene EBNA3A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L Landman
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike E Ressing
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna M Gram
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ilana Berlin
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martiáñez-Vendrell X, Bloeme-ter Horst J, Hutchinson R, Guy C, Bowie AG, Kikkert M. Human Coronavirus 229E Infection Inactivates Pyroptosis Executioner Gasdermin D but Ultimately Leads to Lytic Cell Death Partly Mediated by Gasdermin E. Viruses 2024; 16:898. [PMID: 38932190 PMCID: PMC11209299 DOI: 10.3390/v16060898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) is associated with upper respiratory tract infections and generally causes mild respiratory symptoms. HCoV-229E infection can cause cell death, but the molecular pathways that lead to virus-induced cell death as well as the interplay between viral proteins and cellular cell death effectors remain poorly characterized for HCoV-229E. Studying how HCoV-229E and other common cold coronaviruses interact with and affect cell death pathways may help to understand its pathogenesis and compare it to that of highly pathogenic coronaviruses. Here, we report that the main protease (Mpro) of HCoV-229E can cleave gasdermin D (GSDMD) at two different sites (Q29 and Q193) within its active N-terminal domain to generate fragments that are now unable to cause pyroptosis, a form of lytic cell death normally executed by this protein. Despite GSDMD cleavage by HCoV-229E Mpro, we show that HCoV-229E infection still leads to lytic cell death. We demonstrate that during virus infection caspase-3 cleaves and activates gasdermin E (GSDME), another key executioner of pyroptosis. Accordingly, GSDME knockout cells show a significant decrease in lytic cell death upon virus infection. Finally, we show that HCoV-229E infection leads to increased lytic cell death levels in cells expressing a GSDMD mutant uncleavable by Mpro (GSDMD Q29A+Q193A). We conclude that GSDMD is inactivated by Mpro during HCoV-229E infection, preventing GSDMD-mediated cell death, and point to the caspase-3/GSDME axis as an important player in the execution of virus-induced cell death. In the context of similar reported findings for highly pathogenic coronaviruses, our results suggest that these mechanisms do not contribute to differences in pathogenicity among coronaviruses. Nonetheless, understanding the interactions of common cold-associated coronaviruses and their proteins with the programmed cell death machineries may lead to new clues for coronavirus control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Martiáñez-Vendrell
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (X.M.-V.)
| | - Jonna Bloeme-ter Horst
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (X.M.-V.)
| | - Roy Hutchinson
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (X.M.-V.)
| | - Coralie Guy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin 2, Ireland (A.G.B.)
| | - Andrew G. Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin 2, Ireland (A.G.B.)
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin 2, Ireland (A.G.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Syed F, Ballew O, Lee CC, Rana J, Krishnan P, Castela A, Weaver SA, Chalasani NS, Thomaidou SF, Demine S, Chang G, Coomans de Brachène A, Alvelos MI, Marselli L, Orr K, Felton JL, Liu J, Marchetti P, Zaldumbide A, Scheuner D, Eizirik DL, Evans-Molina C. Pharmacological inhibition of tyrosine protein-kinase 2 reduces islet inflammation and delays type 1 diabetes onset in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585925. [PMID: 38766166 PMCID: PMC11100605 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosine protein-kinase 2 (TYK2), a member of the Janus kinase family, mediates inflammatory signaling through multiple cytokines, including interferon-α (IFNα), interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-23. Missense mutations in TYK2 are associated with protection against type 1 diabetes (T1D), and inhibition of TYK2 shows promise in the management of other autoimmune conditions. Here, we evaluated the effects of specific TYK2 inhibitors (TYK2is) in pre-clinical models of T1D. First, human β cells, cadaveric donor islets, and iPSC-derived islets were treated in vitro with IFNα in combination with a small molecule TYK2i (BMS-986165 or a related molecule BMS-986202). TYK2 inhibition prevented IFNα-induced β cell HLA class I up-regulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and chemokine production. In co-culture studies, pre-treatment of β cells with a TYK2i prevented IFNα-induced activation of T cells targeting an epitope of insulin. In vivo administration of BMS-986202 in two mouse models of T1D (RIP-LCMV-GP mice and NOD mice) reduced systemic and tissue-localized inflammation, prevented β cell death, and delayed T1D onset. Transcriptional phenotyping of pancreatic islets, pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN), and spleen during early disease pathogenesis highlighted a role for TYK2 inhibition in modulating signaling pathways associated with inflammation, translational control, stress signaling, secretory function, immunity, and diabetes. Additionally, TYK2i treatment changed the composition of innate and adaptive immune cell populations in the blood and disease target tissues, resulting in an immune phenotype with a diminished capacity for β cell destruction. Overall, these findings indicate that TYK2i has beneficial effects in both the immune and endocrine compartments in models of T1D, thus supporting a path forward for testing TYK2 inhibitors in human T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Syed
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Olivia Ballew
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chih-Chun Lee
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jyoti Rana
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Preethi Krishnan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Angela Castela
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Staci A. Weaver
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Sofia F. Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Stephane Demine
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Garrick Chang
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Maria Ines Alvelos
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kara Orr
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jamie L. Felton
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | - Decio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paz-Barba M, Muñoz Garcia A, de Winter TJJ, de Graaf N, van Agen M, van der Sar E, Lambregtse F, Daleman L, van der Slik A, Zaldumbide A, de Koning EJP, Carlotti F. Apolipoprotein L genes are novel mediators of inflammation in beta cells. Diabetologia 2024; 67:124-136. [PMID: 37924378 PMCID: PMC10709252 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Inflammation induces beta cell dysfunction and demise but underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The apolipoprotein L (APOL) family of genes has been associated with innate immunity and apoptosis in non-pancreatic cell types, but also with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we hypothesised that APOL genes play a role in inflammation-induced beta cell damage. METHODS We used single-cell transcriptomics datasets of primary human pancreatic islet cells to study the expression of APOL genes upon specific stress conditions. Validation of the findings was carried out in EndoC-βH1 cells and primary human islets. Finally, we performed loss- and gain-of-function experiments to investigate the role of APOL genes in beta cells. RESULTS APOL genes are expressed in primary human beta cells and APOL1, 2 and 6 are strongly upregulated upon inflammation via the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. APOL1 overexpression increases endoplasmic reticulum stress while APOL1 knockdown prevents cytokine-induced beta cell death and interferon-associated response. Furthermore, we found that APOL genes are upregulated in beta cells from donors with type 2 diabetes compared with donors without diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION APOLs are novel regulators of islet inflammation and may contribute to beta cell damage during the development of diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY scRNAseq data generated by our laboratory and used in this study are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ ), accession number GSE218316.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Paz-Barba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amadeo Muñoz Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Twan J J de Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Natascha de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Agen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa van der Sar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferdy Lambregtse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lizanne Daleman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arno van der Slik
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco J P de Koning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thomaidou S, Munoz Garcia A, de Lange S, Gan J, van der Slik AR, Hoeben RC, Roep BO, Carlotti F, Zaldumbide A. IFNɣ but not IFNα increases recognition of insulin defective ribosomal product-derived antigen to amplify islet autoimmunity. Diabetologia 2023; 66:2075-2086. [PMID: 37581620 PMCID: PMC10542729 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The inflammatory milieu characteristic of insulitis affects translation fidelity and generates defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) that participate in autoimmune beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. Here, we studied the role of early innate cytokines (IFNα) and late immune adaptive events (IFNɣ) in insulin DRiP-derived peptide presentation to diabetogenic CD8+ T cells. METHODS Single-cell transcriptomics of human pancreatic islets was used to study the composition of the (immuno)proteasome. Specific inhibition of the immunoproteasome catalytic subunits was achieved using siRNA, and antigenic peptide presentation at the cell surface of the human beta cell line EndoC-βH1 was monitored using peptide-specific CD8 T cells. RESULTS We found that IFNγ induces the expression of the PSMB10 transcript encoding the β2i catalytic subunit of the immunoproteasome in endocrine beta cells, revealing a critical role in insulin DRiP-derived peptide presentation to T cells. Moreover, we showed that PSMB10 is upregulated in a beta cell subset that is preferentially destroyed in the pancreases of individuals with type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data highlight the role of the degradation machinery in beta cell immunogenicity and emphasise the need for evaluation of targeted immunoproteasome inhibitors to limit beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY The single-cell RNA-seq dataset is available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) using the accession number GSE218316 ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE218316 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Amadeo Munoz Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine de Lange
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jin Gan
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arno R van der Slik
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lynes MD, Huang Q, Cora C, Su SC, Yi P, Tseng YH. A CRISPR Screen Identifies the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Rfwd2 as a Negative Regulator of Glucose Uptake in Brown Adipocytes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1865. [PMID: 37895214 PMCID: PMC10606202 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue activation increases energy expenditure and has been shown to improve glucose tolerance, making it a promising target for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Brown adipocytes differentiate into cells with multilocular lipid droplets, which can efficiently absorb and oxidize glucose; however, the mechanisms regulating these processes are not completely understood. We conducted a genome-wide loss-of-function screen using a CRISPR-based approach to identify genes that promote or inhibit adipogenesis and glucose uptake in brown adipocytes. We validated genes that negatively or positively regulated these pathways and verified that the E3-ubiquitin ligase Rfwd2 suppressed brown adipocyte glucose uptake. Brown adipocytes with CRISPR-targeted Rfwd2 deletion showed an altered proteomic landscape and increased basal, as well as insulin-stimulated, glucose uptake. These data reveal the complexity of genetic regulation of brown adipogenesis and glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Lynes
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
- Department of Medicine, Maine Health, Portland, ME 04101, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- Roux Institute at Northeastern University, Portland, ME 04101, USA
| | - Qian Huang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (Q.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Carolina Cora
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Sheng-Chiang Su
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (Q.H.); (S.-C.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Peng Yi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (Q.H.); (S.-C.S.)
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (Q.H.); (S.-C.S.)
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Glinkina K, Nemati F, Teunisse AFAS, Gelmi MC, Etienne V, Kuipers MJ, Alsafadi S, Jager MJ, Decaudin D, Jochemsen AG. Preclinical Evaluation of Trabectedin in Combination With Targeted Inhibitors for Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:14. [PMID: 36515935 PMCID: PMC9756579 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.13.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Uveal melanoma (UM) is considered a rare disease; yet, it is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. Although the primary tumor may be efficiently managed, more than 50% of patients with UM develop distant metastases. The mortality at the first year after diagnosis of metastatic UM has been estimated at 81%, and the poor prognosis has not improved in the past years due to the lack of effective therapies. Methods In order to search for novel therapeutic possibilities for metastatic UM, we performed a small-scale screen of targeted drug combinations. We verified the targets of the tested compounds by western blotting and PCR and clarified the mechanism of action of the selected combinations by caspase 3 and 7 activity assay and flow cytometry. The best two combinations were tested in a mouse patient-derived xenograft (PDX) UM model as putative therapeutics for metastatic UM. Results Combinations of the multitarget drug trabectedin with either the CK2/CLK double-inhibitor CX-4945 (silmitasertib) or the c-MET/TAM (TYRO3, Axl, MERTK) receptor inhibitors foretinib and cabozantinib demonstrated synergistic effects and induced apoptosis (relative caspase 3 and 7 activity increased up to 20.5-fold in UM cell lines). In the case of the combination of foretinib and cabozantinib, inhibition of the TAM receptors, but not c-Met, was essential to inhibit the growth of UM cells. Monotreatment with trabectedin inhibited tumor growth by 42%, 49%, and 35% in the MM26, MM309, and MM339 PDX mouse models, respectively. Conclusions Trabectedin alone or in combination with cabozantinib inhibited tumor growth in PDX UM mouse models. Blocking of MERTK, rather than TYRO3, activity inhibited UM cell growth and synergized with trabectedin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Glinkina
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fariba Nemati
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Amina F. A. S. Teunisse
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Chiara Gelmi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vesnie Etienne
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Muriel J. Kuipers
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Samar Alsafadi
- Uveal Melanoma Translational Group, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Martine J. Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Didier Decaudin
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Aart G. Jochemsen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heijkants RC, Teunisse AFAS, de Jong D, Glinkina K, Mei H, Kielbasa SM, Szuhai K, Jochemsen AG. MDMX Regulates Transcriptional Activity of p53 and FOXO Proteins to Stimulate Proliferation of Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184482. [PMID: 36139642 PMCID: PMC9496676 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We have investigated the transcriptional changes occurring in uveal and cutaneous melanoma cell lines upon depletion of MDMX (aka:MDM4). Computational analyses of the mRNAs/genes affected upon MDMX depletion determined that many were containing a p53-bindingsite, but even more contained a FOX recognition site(s). Since connections between MDM2 and FOXO1 had already been published, we investigated whether indeed a subset of the MDMX-regulated genes are dependent on FOXO1/FOXO3 expression. Indeed, a number of such target genes, i.e., PIK3IP1, MXD4 and ZMAT3, were found to be FOXO target genes in our cell models. Some of these genes were recently identified as indirect p53-target genes, and their expression was found to be regulated by RFX7 transcription factor, which was found activated upon pharmacological activation of p53, e.g., by Nutlin-3. However, a clear involvement of RFX7 in our model could not be established, but an interplay between FOXO and RFX7 factors seems evident. Abstract The tumor suppressor protein p53 has an important role in cell-fate determination. In cancer cells, the activity of p53 is frequently repressed by high levels of MDMX and/or MDM2. MDM2 is a ubiquitin ligase whose activity results in ubiquitin- and proteasome-dependent p53 degradation, while MDMX inhibits p53-activated transcription by shielding the p53 transactivation domain. Interestingly, the oncogenic functions of MDMX appear to be more wide-spread than inhibition of p53. The present study aimed to elucidate the MDMX-controlled transcriptome. Therefore, we depleted MDMX with four distinct shRNAs from a high MDMX expressing uveal melanoma cell line and determined the effect on the transcriptome by RNAseq. Biological function analyses indicate the inhibition of the cell cycle regulatory genes and stimulation of cell death activating genes upon MDMX depletion. Although the inhibition of p53 activity clearly contributes to the transcription regulation controlled by MDMX, it appeared that the transcriptional regulation of multiple genes did not only rely on p53 expression. Analysis of gene regulatory networks indicated a role for Forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors. Depletion of FOXO proteins partly prevented the transcriptional changes upon MDMX depletion. Furthermore, depletion of FOXO proteins relatively diminished the growth inhibition upon MDMX knockdown, although the knockdown of the FOXO transcription factors also reduces cell growth. In conclusion, the p53-independent oncogenic functions of MDMX could be partially explained by its regulation of FOXO activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renier C. Heijkants
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amina F. A. S. Teunisse
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle de Jong
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kseniya Glinkina
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Szymon M. Kielbasa
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karoly Szuhai
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aart G. Jochemsen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen Q, Cuello-Garibo JA, Bretin L, Zhang L, Ramu V, Aydar Y, Batsiun Y, Bronkhorst S, Husiev Y, Beztsinna N, Chen L, Zhou XQ, Schmidt C, Ott I, Jager MJ, Brouwer AM, Snaar-Jagalska BE, Bonnet S. Photosubstitution in a trisheteroleptic ruthenium complex inhibits conjunctival melanoma growth in a zebrafish orthotopic xenograft model. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6899-6919. [PMID: 35774173 PMCID: PMC9200134 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01646j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo data are rare but essential for establishing the clinical potential of ruthenium-based photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) compounds, a new family of phototherapeutic drugs that are activated via ligand photosubstitution. Here a novel trisheteroleptic ruthenium complex [Ru(dpp)(bpy)(mtmp)](PF6)2 ([2](PF6)2, dpp = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, mtmp = 2-methylthiomethylpyridine) was synthesized and its light-activated anticancer properties were validated in cancer cell monolayers, 3D tumor spheroids, and in embryonic zebrafish cancer models. Upon green light irradiation, the non-toxic mtmp ligand is selectively cleaved off, thereby releasing a phototoxic ruthenium-based photoproduct capable notably of binding to nuclear DNA and triggering DNA damage and apoptosis within 24–48 h. In vitro, fifteen minutes of green light irradiation (21 mW cm−2, 19 J cm−2, 520 nm) were sufficient to generate high phototherapeutic indexes (PI) for this compound in a range of cancer cell lines including lung (A549), prostate (PC3Pro4), conjunctival melanoma (CRMM1, CRMM2, CM2005.1) and uveal melanoma (OMM1, OMM2.5, Mel270) cancer cell lines. The therapeutic potential of [2](PF6)2 was further evaluated in zebrafish embryo ectopic (PC3Pro4) or orthotopic (CRMM1, CRMM2) tumour models. The ectopic model consisted of red fluorescent PC3Pro4-mCherry cells injected intravenously (IV) into zebrafish, that formed perivascular metastatic lesions at the posterior ventral end of caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT). By contrast, in the orthotopic model, CRMM1- and CRMM2-mCherry cells were injected behind the eye where they developed primary lesions. The maximally-tolerated dose (MTD) of [2](PF6)2 was first determined for three different modes of compound administration: (i) incubating the fish in prodrug-containing water (WA); (ii) injecting the prodrug intravenously (IV) into the fish; or (iii) injecting the prodrug retro-orbitally (RO) into the fish. To test the anticancer efficiency of [2](PF6)2, the embryos were treated 24 h after engraftment at the MTD. Optimally, four consecutive PACT treatments were performed on engrafted embryos using 60 min drug-to-light intervals and 90 min green light irradiation (21 mW cm−2, 114 J cm−2, 520 nm). Most importantly, this PACT protocol was not toxic to the zebrafish. In the ectopic prostate tumour models, where [2](PF6)2 showed the highest photoindex in vitro (PI > 31), the PACT treatment did not significantly diminish the growth of primary lesions, while in both conjunctival melanoma orthotopic tumour models, where [2](PF6)2 showed more modest photoindexes (PI ∼ 9), retro-orbitally administered PACT treatment significantly inhibited growth of the engrafted tumors. Overall, this study represents the first demonstration in zebrafish cancer models of the clinical potential of ruthenium-based PACT, here against conjunctival melanoma. A new tris-heteroleptic photoactivated chemotherapy ruthenium complex induces apoptosis upon green light activation in a zebrafish orthothopic conjunctival melanoma xenograft model.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanchi Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China.,Institute of Biology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands +31-71-527-4980
| | - Jordi-Amat Cuello-Garibo
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University P. O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands +31-71-527-4260
| | - Ludovic Bretin
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University P. O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands +31-71-527-4260
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University P. O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands +31-71-527-4260
| | - Vadde Ramu
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University P. O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands +31-71-527-4260
| | - Yasmin Aydar
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands +31-71-527-4980
| | - Yevhen Batsiun
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University P. O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands +31-71-527-4260
| | - Sharon Bronkhorst
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University P. O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands +31-71-527-4260
| | - Yurii Husiev
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University P. O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands +31-71-527-4260
| | - Nataliia Beztsinna
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University P. O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands +31-71-527-4260
| | - Lanpeng Chen
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands +31-71-527-4980
| | - Xue-Quan Zhou
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University P. O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands +31-71-527-4260
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Beethovenstrasse 55 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Beethovenstrasse 55 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University P. O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands +31-71-527-4260
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roberts BS, Yang CQ, Neher SB. Characterization of lipoprotein lipase storage vesicles in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs258734. [PMID: 34382637 PMCID: PMC8403984 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a secreted triglyceride lipase involved in the clearance of very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons from circulation. LPL is expressed primarily in adipose and muscle tissues and transported to the capillary lumen. LPL secretion is regulated by insulin in adipose tissue; however, few studies have examined the regulatory and trafficking steps involved in secretion. Here, we describe the intracellular localization and insulin-dependent trafficking of LPL in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We compared LPL trafficking to the better characterized trafficking pathways taken by leptin and GLUT4 (also known as SLC2A4). We show that the LPL trafficking pathway shares some characteristics of these other pathways, but that LPL subcellular localization and trafficking are distinct from those of GLUT4 and leptin. LPL secretion occurs slowly in response to insulin and rapidly in response to the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. This regulated trafficking is dependent on Golgi protein kinase D and the ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase ARF1. Together, these data give support to a new trafficking pathway for soluble cargo that is active in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saskia B. Neher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Szymczak F, Cohen-Fultheim R, Thomaidou S, de Brachène AC, Castela A, Colli M, Marchetti P, Levanon E, Eizirik D, Zaldumbide A. ADAR1-dependent editing regulates human β cell transcriptome diversity during inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1058345. [PMID: 36518246 PMCID: PMC9742459 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1058345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enterovirus infection has long been suspected as a possible trigger for type 1 diabetes. Upon infection, viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is recognized by membrane and cytosolic sensors that orchestrate type I interferon signaling and the recruitment of innate immune cells to the pancreatic islets. In this context, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) editing plays an important role in dampening the immune response by inducing adenosine mispairing, destabilizing the RNA duplexes and thus preventing excessive immune activation. METHODS Using high-throughput RNA sequencing data from human islets and EndoC-βH1 cells exposed to IFNα or IFNγ/IL1β, we evaluated the role of ADAR1 in human pancreatic β cells and determined the impact of the type 1 diabetes pathophysiological environment on ADAR1-dependent RNA editing. RESULTS We show that both IFNα and IFNγ/IL1β stimulation promote ADAR1 expression and increase the A-to-I RNA editing of Alu-Containing mRNAs in EndoC-βH1 cells as well as in primary human islets. DISCUSSION We demonstrate that ADAR1 overexpression inhibits type I interferon response signaling, while ADAR1 silencing potentiates IFNα effects. In addition, ADAR1 overexpression triggers the generation of alternatively spliced mRNAs, highlighting a novel role for ADAR1 as a regulator of the β cell transcriptome under inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Szymczak
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roni Cohen-Fultheim
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sofia Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Angela Castela
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maikel Colli
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erez Levanon
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Decio Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Arnaud Zaldumbide,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vig S, Lambooij JM, Dekkers MC, Otto F, Carlotti F, Guigas B, Zaldumbide A. ER stress promotes mitochondrial DNA mediated type-1 interferon response in beta-cells and interleukin-8 driven neutrophil chemotaxis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:991632. [PMID: 36171907 PMCID: PMC9511040 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.991632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the combined effect of inflammation and recurrent autoimmunity. Accumulating evidence suggests the engagement of cellular stress during the initial stage of the disease, preceding destruction and triggering immune cell infiltration. While the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in this process has been largely described, the participation of the other cellular organelles, particularly the mitochondria which are central mediator for beta-cell survival and function, remains poorly investigated. Here, we have explored the contribution of ER stress, in activating type-I interferon signaling and innate immune cell recruitment. Using human beta-cell line EndoC-βH1 exposed to thapsigargin, we demonstrate that induction of cellular stress correlates with mitochondria dysfunction and a significant accumulation of cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that triggers neutrophils migration by an IL8-dependent mechanism. These results provide a novel mechanistic insight on how ER stress can cause insulitis and may ultimately facilitate the identification of potential targets to protect beta-cells against immune infiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Vig
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Arnaud Zaldumbide, ; Saurabh Vig,
| | - Joost M. Lambooij
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mette C. Dekkers
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Otto
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Arnaud Zaldumbide, ; Saurabh Vig,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Han TL, Sha H, Ji J, Li YT, Wu DS, Lin H, Hu B, Jiang ZX. Depletion of Survivin suppresses docetaxel-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by facilitating mitotic slippage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2283. [PMID: 33504817 PMCID: PMC7840972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer effects of taxanes are attributed to the induction of mitotic arrest through activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Cell death following extended mitotic arrest is mediated by the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Accordingly, factors that influence the robustness of mitotic arrest or disrupt the apoptotic machinery confer drug resistance. Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Its overexpression is associated with chemoresistance, and its targeting leads to drug sensitization. However, Survivin also acts specifically in the spindle assembly checkpoint response to taxanes. Hence, the failure of Survivin-depleted cells to arrest in mitosis may lead to taxane resistance. Here we show that Survivin depletion protects HeLa cells against docetaxel-induced apoptosis by facilitating mitotic slippage. However, Survivin depletion does not promote clonogenic survival of tumor cells but increases the level of cellular senescence induced by docetaxel. Moreover, lentiviral overexpression of Survivin does not provide protection against docetaxel or cisplatin treatment, in contrast to the anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL or Bcl-2. Our findings suggest that targeting Survivin may influence the cell response to docetaxel by driving the cells through aberrant mitotic progression, rather than directly sensitizing cells to apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Long Han
- The 305 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China.
| | - Hang Sha
- The 305 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Jun Ji
- The 305 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Yun-Tian Li
- The 305 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Deng-Shan Wu
- The 305 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Hu Lin
- The 305 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Bin Hu
- The 305 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Jiang
- The 305 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Piguet F, de Saint Denis T, Audouard E, Beccaria K, André A, Wurtz G, Schatz R, Alves S, Sevin C, Zerah M, Cartier N. The Challenge of Gene Therapy for Neurological Diseases: Strategies and Tools to Achieve Efficient Delivery to the Central Nervous System. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:349-374. [PMID: 33167739 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than 10 years, gene therapy for neurological diseases has experienced intensive research growth and more recently therapeutic interventions for multiple indications. Beneficial results in several phase 1/2 clinical studies, together with improved vector technology have advanced gene therapy for the central nervous system (CNS) in a new era of development. Although most initial strategies have focused on orphan genetic diseases, such as lysosomal storage diseases, more complex and widespread conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, or chronic pain are increasingly targeted for gene therapy. Increasing numbers of applications and patients to be treated will require improvement and simplification of gene therapy protocols to make them accessible to the largest number of affected people. Although vectors and manufacturing are a major field of academic research and industrial development, there is a growing need to improve, standardize, and simplify delivery methods. Delivery is the major issue for CNS therapies in general, and particularly for gene therapy. The blood-brain barrier restricts the passage of vectors; strategies to bypass this obstacle are a central focus of research. In this study, we present the different ways that can be used to deliver gene therapy products to the CNS. We focus on results obtained in large animals that have allowed the transfer of protocols to human patients and have resulted in the generation of clinical data. We discuss the different routes of administration, their advantages, and their limitations. We describe techniques, equipment, and protocols and how they should be selected for safe delivery and improved efficiency for the next generation of gene therapy trials for CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Piguet
- NeuroGenCell, INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, CNRS, AP-HP, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Timothée de Saint Denis
- NeuroGenCell, INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, CNRS, AP-HP, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,APHP, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP Centre. Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Audouard
- NeuroGenCell, INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, CNRS, AP-HP, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Beccaria
- NeuroGenCell, INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, CNRS, AP-HP, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,APHP, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP Centre. Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Arthur André
- NeuroGenCell, INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, CNRS, AP-HP, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,APHP, Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Wurtz
- NeuroGenCell, INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, CNRS, AP-HP, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Schatz
- NeuroGenCell, INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, CNRS, AP-HP, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sandro Alves
- BrainVectis-Askbio France, iPeps Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Sevin
- NeuroGenCell, INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, CNRS, AP-HP, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,BrainVectis-Askbio France, iPeps Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France.,APHP, Department of Neurology, Hopital le Kremlin Bicetre, Paris, France
| | - Michel Zerah
- NeuroGenCell, INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, CNRS, AP-HP, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,APHP, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP Centre. Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Cartier
- NeuroGenCell, INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, CNRS, AP-HP, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Christodoulou E, Rashid M, Pacini C, Droop A, Robertson H, van Groningen T, Teunisse AFAS, Iorio F, Jochemsen AG, Adams DJ, van Doorn R. Analysis of CRISPR-Cas9 screens identifies genetic dependencies in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:122-131. [PMID: 32767816 PMCID: PMC7818247 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the MAPK signaling pathway has transformed the treatment of metastatic melanoma. CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screens provide a genome-wide approach to uncover novel genetic dependencies that might serve as therapeutic targets. Here, we analyzed recently reported CRISPR-Cas9 screens comparing data from 28 melanoma cell lines and 313 cell lines of other tumor types in order to identify fitness genes related to melanoma. We found an average of 1,494 fitness genes in each melanoma cell line. We identified 33 genes, inactivation of which specifically reduced the fitness of melanoma. This set of tumor type-specific genes includes established melanoma fitness genes as well as many genes that have not previously been associated with melanoma growth. Several genes encode proteins that can be targeted using available inhibitors. We verified that genetic inactivation of DUSP4 and PPP2R2A reduces the proliferation of melanoma cells. DUSP4 encodes an inhibitor of ERK, suggesting that further activation of MAPK signaling activity through its loss is selectively deleterious to melanoma cells. Collectively, these data present a resource of genetic dependencies in melanoma that may be explored as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Experimental Cancer Genetics GroupWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
| | - Clare Pacini
- Cancer Dependency Map AnalyticsWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
| | - Alastair Droop
- Experimental Cancer Genetics GroupWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Experimental Cancer Genetics GroupWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
| | - Tim van Groningen
- Department of DermatologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Amina F. A. S. Teunisse
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco Iorio
- Cancer Dependency Map AnalyticsWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
- Centre for Computational BiologyHuman TechnopoleMilanoItaly
| | - Aart G. Jochemsen
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - David J. Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics GroupWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of DermatologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shrestha MM, Lim CY, Bi X, Robinson RC, Han W. Tmod3 Phosphorylation Mediates AMPK-Dependent GLUT4 Plasma Membrane Insertion in Myoblasts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:653557. [PMID: 33959097 PMCID: PMC8095187 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.653557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and muscle contractions mediate glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and insertion into the plasma membrane (PM) for glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. Muscle contraction results in AMPK activation, which promotes GLUT4 translocation and PM insertion. However, little is known regarding AMPK effectors that directly regulate GLUT4 translocation. We aim to identify novel AMPK effectors in the regulation of GLUT4 translocation. We performed biochemical, molecular biology and fluorescent microscopy imaging experiments using gain- and loss-of-function mutants of tropomodulin 3 (Tmod3). Here we report Tmod3, an actin filament capping protein, as a novel AMPK substrate and an essential mediator of AMPK-dependent GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in myoblasts. Furthermore, Tmod3 plays a key role in AMPK-induced F-actin remodeling and GLUT4 insertion into the PM. Our study defines Tmod3 as a key AMPK effector in the regulation of GLUT4 insertion into the PM and glucose uptake in muscle cells, and offers new mechanistic insights into the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Mohan Shrestha
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun-Yan Lim
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Bi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert C. Robinson
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Weiping Han,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The stability of envelope-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors. Gene Ther 2020; 28:89-104. [PMID: 32973351 PMCID: PMC7902266 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-00193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors have become popular tools for stable genetic modification of mammalian cells. In some applications of lentiviral vector-transduced cells, infectious-lentiviral particles should be absent. Quantification of the free-vector particles that remain from the inoculum can be difficult. Therefore a formula was established that yields an estimation of the ‘Reduction Ratio.’ This ratio represents the loss of titer based on a number of vector-inactivating effects. In this study, we evaluated several parameters and assumptions that were used in the current formula. We generated new data on the stability and trypsin sensitivity of lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with eight heterologous envelope proteins and the loss of vectors by washing or passaging the cell cultures. Our data demonstrate that the loss of virus titer under the influence of trypsin as well as the half-life of the particles in tissue culture medium is dependent on the vector’s envelope protein. While VSV-G-envelope-pseudotyped particles were unsensitive to trypsin, the titer of vectors pseudotyped with other envelope proteins decreased 2–110-fold. The half-life in culture medium ranged from 8 to 40 h for the different envelope-pseudotyped vectors, with 35 h for VSV-G-envelope-pseudotyped vector particles. Additionally, we found that removal of the culture medium from Ø35 mm to Ø10 cm dishes reduces the amount of vector particles in the culture by 50-fold and 20-fold, respectively. Together these data can be used to more precisely estimate the maximum number of free lentiviral vector particles in cell cultures.
Collapse
|
19
|
Thomaidou S, Kracht MJL, van der Slik A, Laban S, de Koning EJ, Carlotti F, Hoeben RC, Roep BO, Zaldumbide A. β-Cell Stress Shapes CTL Immune Recognition of Preproinsulin Signal Peptide by Posttranscriptional Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1. Diabetes 2020; 69:670-680. [PMID: 31896552 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The signal peptide of preproinsulin is a major source for HLA class I autoantigen epitopes implicated in CD8 T cell (CTL)-mediated β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Among them, the 10-mer epitope located at the C-terminal end of the signal peptide was found to be the most prevalent in patients with recent-onset T1D. While the combined action of signal peptide peptidase and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is required for processing of the signal peptide, the mechanisms controlling signal peptide trimming and the contribution of the T1D inflammatory milieu on these mechanisms are unknown. Here, we show in human β-cells that ER stress regulates ERAP1 gene expression at posttranscriptional level via the IRE1α/miR-17-5p axis and demonstrate that inhibition of the IRE1α activity impairs processing of preproinsulin signal peptide antigen and its recognition by specific autoreactive CTLs during inflammation. These results underscore the impact of ER stress in the increased visibility of β-cells to the immune system and position the IRE1α/miR-17 pathway as a central component in β-cell destruction processes and as a potential target for the treatment of autoimmune T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maria J L Kracht
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arno van der Slik
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Laban
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco J de Koning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
TLD1433 Photosensitizer Inhibits Conjunctival Melanoma Cells in Zebrafish Ectopic and Orthotopic Tumour Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030587. [PMID: 32143295 PMCID: PMC7139549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ruthenium-based photosensitizer (PS) TLD1433 has completed a phase I clinical trial for photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment of bladder cancer. Here, we investigated a possible repurposing of this drug for treatment of conjunctival melanoma (CM). CM is a rare but often deadly ocular cancer. The efficacy of TLD1433 was tested on several cell lines from CM (CRMM1, CRMM2 and CM2005), uveal melanoma (OMM1, OMM2.5, MEL270), epidermoid carcinoma (A431) and cutaneous melanoma (A375). Using 15 min green light irradiation (21 mW/cm2, 19 J.cm-2, 520 nm), the highest phototherapeutic index (PI) was reached in CM cells, with cell death occurring via apoptosis and necrosis. The therapeutic potential of TLD1433 was hence further validated in zebrafish ectopic and newly-developed orthotopic CM models. Fluorescent CRMM1 and CRMM2 cells were injected into the circulation of zebrafish (ectopic model) or behind the eye (orthotopic model) and 24 h later, the engrafted embryos were treated with the maximally-tolerated dose of TLD1433. The drug was administrated in three ways, either by (i) incubating the fish in drug-containing water (WA), or (ii) injecting the drug intravenously into the fish (IV), or (iii) injecting the drug retro-orbitally (RO) into the fish. Optimally, four consecutive PDT treatments were performed on engrafted embryos using 60 min drug-to-light intervals and 90 min green light irradiation (21 mW/cm2, 114 J.cm-2, 520 nm). This PDT protocol was not toxic to the fish. In the ectopic tumour model, both systemic administration by IV injection and RO injection of TLD1433 significantly inhibited growth of engrafted CRMM1 and CRMM2 cells. However, in the orthotopic model, tumour growth was only attenuated by localized RO injection of TLD1433. These data unequivocally prove that the zebrafish provides a fast vertebrate cancer model that can be used to test the administration regimen, host toxicity and anti-cancer efficacy of PDT drugs against CM. Based on our results, we suggest repurposing of TLD1433 for treatment of incurable CM and further testing in alternative pre-clinical models.
Collapse
|
21
|
Marucci A, Antonucci A, De Bonis C, Mangiacotti D, Scarale MG, Trischitta V, Di Paola R. GALNT2 as a novel modulator of adipogenesis and adipocyte insulin signaling. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:2448-2457. [PMID: 31040393 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES A better understanding of adipose tissue biology is crucial to tackle insulin resistance and eventually coronary heart disease and diabetes, leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. GALNT2, a GalNAc-transferase, positively modulates insulin signaling in human liver cells by down-regulating ENPP1, an insulin signaling inhibitor. GALNT2 expression is increased in adipose tissue of obese as compared to that of non-obese individuals. Whether this association is secondary to a GALNT2-insulin sensitizing effect exerted also in adipocytes is unknown. We then investigated in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes the GALNT2 effect on adipogenesis, insulin signaling and expression levels of both Enpp1 and 72 adipogenesis-related genes. METHODS Stable over-expressing GALNT2 and GFP preadipocytes (T0) were generated. Adipogenesis was induced with (R+) or without (R-) rosiglitazone and investigated after 15 days (T15). Lipid accumulation (by Oil Red-O staining) and intracellular triglycerides (by fluorimetric assay) were measured. Lipid droplets (LD) measures were analyzed at confocal microscope. Gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR and insulin-induced insulin receptor (IR), IRS1, JNK and AKT phosphorylation by Western blot. RESULTS Lipid accumulation, triglycerides and LD measures progressively increased from T0 to T15R- and furthermore to T15R+. Such increases were significantly higher in GALNT2 than in GFP cells so that, as compared to T15R+GFP, T15R- GALNT2 cells showed similar (intracellular lipid and triglycerides accumulation) or even higher (LD measures, p < 0.01) values. In GALNT2 preadipocytes, insulin-induced IR, IRS1 and AKT activation was higher than that in GFP cells. GALNT2 effect was totally abolished during adipocyte maturation and completely reversed at late stage maturation. Such GALNT2 effect trajectory was paralleled by coordinated changes in the expression of Enpp1 and adipocyte-maturation key genes. CONCLUSIONS GALNT2 is a novel modulator of adipogenesis and related cellular phenotypes, thus becoming a potential target for tackling the obesity epidemics and its devastating sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Antonucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta De Bonis
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Davide Mangiacotti
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Scarale
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li-Gao R, Carlotti F, de Mutsert R, van Hylckama Vlieg A, de Koning EJP, Jukema JW, Rosendaal FR, Willems van Dijk K, Mook-Kanamori DO. Genome-Wide Association Study on the Early-Phase Insulin Response to a Liquid Mixed Meal: Results From the NEO Study. Diabetes 2019; 68:2327-2336. [PMID: 31537524 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Early-phase insulin secretion is a determinant of postprandial glucose homeostasis. In this study, we aimed to identify novel genetic variants associated with the early-phase insulin response to a liquid mixed meal by a genome-wide association study using a discovery and replication design embedded in the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study. The early-phase insulin response was defined as the difference between the natural logarithm-transformed insulin concentrations of the postprandial state at 30 min after a meal challenge and the fasting state (Δinsulin). After Bonferroni correction, rs505922 (β: -6.5% [minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.32, P = 3.3 × 10-8]) located in the ABO gene reached genome-wide significant level (P < 5 × 10-8) and was also replicated successfully (β: -7.8% [MAF 0.32, P = 7.2 × 10-5]). The function of the ABO gene was assessed using in vitro shRNA-mediated knockdown of gene expression in the murine pancreatic β-cell line MIN6. Knocking down the ABO gene led to decreased insulin secretion in the murine pancreatic β-cell line. These data indicate that the previously identified elevated risk of type 2 diabetes for carriers of the ABO rs505922:C allele may be caused by decreased early-phase insulin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Eelco J P de Koning
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sundqvist A, Voytyuk O, Hamdi M, Popeijus HE, Bijlsma-van der Burgt C, Janssen J, Martens JW, Moustakas A, Heldin CH, ten Dijke P, van Dam H. JNK-Dependent cJun Phosphorylation Mitigates TGFβ- and EGF-Induced Pre-Malignant Breast Cancer Cell Invasion by Suppressing AP-1-Mediated Transcriptional Responses. Cells 2019; 8:E1481. [PMID: 31766464 PMCID: PMC6952832 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) has both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting effects in breast cancer. These functions are partly mediated through Smads, intracellular transcriptional effectors of TGFβ. Smads form complexes with other DNA-binding transcription factors to elicit cell-type-dependent responses. Previously, we found that the collagen invasion and migration of pre-malignant breast cancer cells in response to TGFβ and epidermal growth factor (EGF) critically depend on multiple Jun and Fos components of the activator protein (AP)-1 transcription factor complex. Here we report that the same process is negatively regulated by Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent cJun phosphorylation. This was demonstrated by analysis of phospho-deficient, phospho-mimicking, and dimer-specific cJun mutants, and experiments employing a mutant version of the phosphatase MKP1 that specifically inhibits JNK. Hyper-phosphorylation of cJun by JNK strongly inhibited its ability to induce several Jun/Fos-regulated genes and to promote migration and invasion. These results show that MEK-AP-1 and JNK-phospho-cJun exhibit distinct pro- and anti-invasive functions, respectively, through differential regulation of Smad- and AP-1-dependent TGFβ target genes. Our findings are of importance for personalized cancer therapy, such as for patients suffering from specific types of breast tumors with activated EGF receptor-Ras or inactivated JNK pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Sundqvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Oleksandr Voytyuk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Mohamed Hamdi
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Herman E. Popeijus
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Corina Bijlsma-van der Burgt
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Josephine Janssen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - John W.M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Hans van Dam
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Christodoulou E, van Doorn R, Visser M, Teunisse A, Versluis M, van der Velden P, Hayward NK, Jochemsen A, Gruis N. NEK11 as a candidate high-penetrance melanoma susceptibility gene. J Med Genet 2019; 57:203-210. [PMID: 31704778 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A proportion of patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma reports a positive family history. Inherited variants in CDKN2A and several other genes have been shown to predispose to melanoma; however, the genetic basis of familial melanoma remains unknown in most cases. The objective of this study was to provide insight into the genetic basis of familial melanoma. METHODS In order to identify novel melanoma susceptibility genes, whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis was applied in a Dutch family with melanoma. The causality of a candidate variant was characterised by performing cosegregation analysis in five affected family members using patient-derived tissues and digital droplet PCR analysis to accurately quantify mutant allele frequency. Functional in-vitro studies were performed to assess the pathogenicity of the candidate variant. RESULTS Application of WES identified a rare, nonsense variant in the NEK11 gene (c.1120C>T, p.Arg374Ter), cosegregating in all five affected members of a Dutch family. NEK11 (NIMA-related Kinase 11) is involved in the DNA damage response, enforcing the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. In a melanoma from a variant carrier, somatic loss of the wildtype allele of this putative tumour suppressor gene was demonstrated. Functional analyses showed that the NEK11 p.Arg374Ter mutation results in strongly reduced expression of the truncated protein caused by proteasomal degradation. CONCLUSION The NEK11 p.Arg374Ter variant identified in this family leads to loss-of-function through protein instability. Collectively, these findings support NEK11 as a melanoma susceptibility gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Christodoulou
- Dermatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Dermatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Mijke Visser
- Dermatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Amina Teunisse
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Versluis
- Ophthalmology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van der Velden
- Ophthalmology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aart Jochemsen
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Nelleke Gruis
- Dermatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Highly efficient ex vivo lentiviral transduction of primary human pancreatic exocrine cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15870. [PMID: 31676849 PMCID: PMC6825235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of efficient gene transfer methods into primary human pancreatic exocrine cells hampers studies on the plasticity of these cells and their possible role in beta cell regeneration. Therefore, improved gene transfer protocols are needed. Lentiviral vectors are widely used to drive ectopic gene expression in mammalian cells, including primary human islet cells. Here we aimed to optimize gene transfer into primary human exocrine cells using modified lentiviral vectors or transduction conditions. We evaluated different promoters, viral envelopes, medium composition and transduction adjuvants. Transduction efficiency of a reporter vector was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. We show that protamine sulfate-assisted transduction of a VSV-G-pseudotyped vector expressing eGFP under the control of a CMV promoter in a serum-free environment resulted in the best transduction efficiency of exocrine cells, reaching up to 90% of GFP-positive cells 5 days after transduction. Our findings will enable further studies on pancreas (patho)physiology that require gene transfer such as gene overexpression, gene knockdown or lineage tracing studies.
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee M, Rho HS, Choi K. Anti-inflammatory Effects of a P-coumaric Acid and Kojic Acid Derivative in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
27
|
Pongjantarasatian S, Kadegasem P, Sasanakul W, Sa-ngiamsuntorn K, Borwornpinyo S, Sirachainan N, Chuansumrit A, Tanratana P, Hongeng S. Coagulant activity of recombinant human factor VII produced by lentiviral human F7 gene transfer in immortalized hepatocyte-like cell line. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220825. [PMID: 31381603 PMCID: PMC6681952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, indicating that these cells may be the new target cell of interest to produce biopharmaceuticals. Our group recently established a hMSC-derived immortalized hepatocyte-like cell line (imHC) that demonstrates several liver-specific phenotypes. However, the ability of imHC to produce coagulation factors has not been characterized. Here, we examined the potential for imHC as a source of coagulation protein production by investigating the ability of imHC to produce human factor VII (FVII) using a lentiviral transduction system. Our results showed that imHC secreted a low amount of FVII (~22 ng/mL) into culture supernatant. Moreover, FVII from the transduced imHC (0.11 ± 0.005 IU/mL) demonstrated a similar coagulant activity compared with FVII from transduced HEK293T cells (0.12 ± 0.004 IU/mL) as determined by chromogenic assay. We demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that imHC produced FVII, albeit at a low level, indicating the unique characteristic of hepatocytes. Our study suggests the possibility of using imHC for the production of coagulation proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Praguywan Kadegasem
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Werasak Sasanakul
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nongnuch Sirachainan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ampaiwan Chuansumrit
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pansakorn Tanratana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mezzanotte L, Iljas JD, Que I, Chan A, Kaijzel E, Hoeben R, Löwik C. Optimized Longitudinal Monitoring of Stem Cell Grafts in Mouse Brain Using a Novel Bioluminescent/Near Infrared Fluorescent Fusion Reporter. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1878-1889. [PMID: 29390874 PMCID: PMC5802635 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717739718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodistribution and fate of transplanted stem cells via longitudinal monitoring has been successfully achieved in the last decade using optical imaging. However, sensitive longitudinal imaging of transplanted stem cells in deep tissue like the brain remains challenging not only due to low light penetration but because of other factors such as low or inferior expression levels of optical reporters in stem cells and stem cell death after transplantation. Here we describe an optimized imaging protocol for sensitive long-term monitoring of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) expressing a novel bioluminescent/near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) fusion reporter transplanted in mouse brain cortex. Lentivirus expressing the luc2-iRFP720 reporter, a fusion between luc2 codon-optimized firefly luciferase (luc2) and the gene encoding NIRF protein iRFP720, was generated to transduce hMSCs. These cells were analyzed for their fluorescent and bioluminescent emission and checked for their differentiation potential. In vivo experiments were performed by transplanting decreasing amounts of luc2-iRFP720 expressing hMSCs in mouse brain, followed by fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) starting 1 wk after cell injection when the blood–brain barrier was restored. Bioluminescent images were acquired when signals peaked and used to compare different luc2 substrate performances, that is, D-luciferin (D-Luc; 25 μM/kg or 943 μM/kg) or CycLuc1 (25 μM/kg). Results showed that luc2-iRFP720 expressing hMSCs maintained a good in vitro differentiation potential toward adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes, suggesting that lentiviral transduction did not affect cell behavior. Moreover, in vivo experiments allowed us to image as low as 1 × 105 cells using both fluorescence and BLI. The highest bioluminescent signals (∼1 × 107 photons per second) were achieved 15 min after the injection of D-Luc (943 μM/kg). This allowed us to monitor as low as 1 × 105 hMSCs for the subsequent 7 wk without a significant drop in bioluminescent signals, suggesting the sustained viability of hMSCs transplanted into the cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mezzanotte
- 1 Department of Radiology, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juvita Delancy Iljas
- 2 Percuros BV, Enschede, the Netherlands.,3 Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivo Que
- 4 Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alan Chan
- 2 Percuros BV, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Kaijzel
- 4 Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Hoeben
- 5 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens Löwik
- 1 Department of Radiology, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bioluminescent reporter assay for monitoring ER stress in human beta cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17738. [PMID: 30532033 PMCID: PMC6288136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During type 1 diabetes development, cells in the islets of Langerhans engage adaptive mechanisms in response to inflammatory signals to cope with stress, to restore cellular homeostasis, and to preserve cell function. Disruption of these mechanisms may induce the formation of a repertoire of stress-induced neoantigens, which are critical in the loss of tolerance to beta cells and the development of autoimmunity. While multiple lines of evidence argue for a critical role of the endoplasmic reticulum in these processes, the lack of tools to specifically monitor beta cell stress hampers the development of therapeutic interventions focusing on maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Here we designed and evaluated a stress-induced reporter in which induction of stress correlates with increased light emission. This Gaussia luciferase-based reporter system employs the unconventional cytoplasmic splicing of XBP1 to report ER stress in cells exposed to known ER-stress inducers. Linking this reporter to a human beta cell-specific promotor allows tracing ER-stress in isolated human beta cells as well as in the EndoC-βH1 cell line. This reporter system represents a valuable tool to assess ER stress in human beta cells and may aid the identification of novel therapeutics that can prevent beta cell stress in human pancreatic islets.
Collapse
|
30
|
Cao J, Pontes KCS, Heijkants RC, Brouwer NJ, Groenewoud A, Jordanova ES, Marinkovic M, van Duinen S, Teunisse AFAS, Verdijk RM, Snaar‐Jagalska E, Jochemsen AG, Jager MJ. Overexpression of EZH2 in conjunctival melanoma offers a new therapeutic target. J Pathol 2018; 245:433-444. [PMID: 29732557 PMCID: PMC6174981 DOI: 10.1002/path.5094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva (CM) is an uncommon but potentially deadly disorder. Many malignancies show an increased activity of the epigenetic modifier enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). We studied whether EZH2 is expressed in CM, and whether it may be a target for therapy in this malignancy. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that EZH2 protein expression was absent in normal conjunctival melanocytes and primary acquired melanosis, while EZH2 was highly expressed in 13 (50%) of 26 primary CM and seven (88%) of eight lymph node metastases. Increased expression was positively associated with tumour thickness (p =0.03). Next, we targeted EZH2 with specific inhibitors (GSK503 and UNC1999) or depleted EZH2 by stable shRNA knockdown in three primary CM cell lines. Both pharmacological and genetic inactivation of EZH2 inhibited cell growth and colony formation and influenced EZH2-mediated gene transcription and cell cycle profile in vitro. The tumour suppressor gene p21/CDKN1A was especially upregulated in CM cells after EZH2 knockdown in CM cells. Additionally, the potency of GSK503 against CM cells was monitored in zebrafish xenografts. GSK503 profoundly attenuated tumour growth in CM xenografts at a well-tolerated concentration. Our results indicate that elevated levels of EZH2 are relevant to CM tumourigenesis and progression, and that EZH2 may become a potential therapeutic target for patients with CM. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Cao
- Department of OphthalmologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunPR China
| | - Kelly CS Pontes
- Department of OphthalmologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of BiologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Renier C Heijkants
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Niels J Brouwer
- Department of OphthalmologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Arwin Groenewoud
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of BiologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Department of PathologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
- Centre for Gynaecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA)VU University Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marina Marinkovic
- Department of OphthalmologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd van Duinen
- Department of PathologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Amina FAS Teunisse
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Section Ophthalmic PathologyErasmus MC University Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ewa Snaar‐Jagalska
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of BiologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Aart G Jochemsen
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of OphthalmologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dendritic peptide bolaamphiphiles for siRNA delivery to primary adipocytes. Biomaterials 2018; 178:458-466. [PMID: 29705001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes, heart disease and other health problems. Adipose tissue plays a central role in the development of obesity and obesity-associated diseases. Gene therapy targeting adipose tissue may provide a promising strategy for obesity treatment. However, nucleic acid delivery to adipose tissue or even cultured adipocytes is challenging due to low delivery efficacy and high toxicity of the current cationic lipid based delivery systems, or monoamphiphiles. Herein, we report using dendritic peptide bolaamphiphiles (bolas) to deliver siRNA to primary adipocytes and hepatocytes. The bola consists of two l-Lysine dendrons connected to a fluorocarbon core through disulfide linkages. The Lysine dendrons are functionalized with l-histidine and l-tryptophan to promote endosomal escape and cellular uptake. The bola exhibited over 70% knockdown of GAPDH gene in both primary adipocytes and hepatocytes. Importantly, different from Lipofectamine that significantly reduced genes involved in lipolysis, lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, the bolas had little to no effect on these genes. These results demonstrate the bola as a promising new vector for clinical and experimental applications for delivery of siRNA to metabolic organs.
Collapse
|
32
|
Heijkants RC, Nieveen M, Hart KC', Teunisse AFAS, Jochemsen AG. Targeting MDMX and PKCδ to improve current uveal melanoma therapeutic strategies. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:33. [PMID: 29593251 PMCID: PMC5874255 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent ocular cancer in adults, accounting for ~5% of the total melanoma incidence. Although the primary tumor is well treatable, patients frequently develop metastases for which no curative therapy exists. Highly activated protein kinase C (PKC) is a common feature of UM and has shown potential as therapeutic intervention for UM patients. Unfortunately, PKC inhibition as single treatment appears to have only limited clinical benefit. Combining PKC inhibition with activation of p53, which is rarely mutated in UM, by MDM2 inhibitors has shown promising results in vitro and in vivo. However, clinical studies have shown strong adverse effects of MDM2 inhibition. Therefore, we investigated alternative approaches to achieve similar anticancer effects, but with potentially less adverse effects. We studied the potential of targeting MDMX, an essential p53 inhibitor during embryonal development but less universally expressed in adult tissues compared with MDM2. Therefore, targeting MDMX is predicted to have less adverse effects in patients. Depletion of MDMX, like the pharmacological activation of p53, inhibits the survival of UM cells, which is enhanced in combination with PKC inhibition. Also pan-PKC inhibitors elicit adverse effects in patients. As the PKC family consists of 10 different isoforms, it could be hypothesized that targeting a single PKC isoform would have less adverse effects compared with a pan-PKC inhibitor. Here we show that specifically depleting PKCδ inhibits UM cell growth, which can be further enhanced by p53 reactivation. In conclusion, our data show that the synergistic effects of p53 activation by MDM2 inhibition and broad spectrum PKC inhibition on survival of UM cells can also largely be achieved by the presumably less toxic combination of depletion of MDMX and targeting a specific PKC isoform, PKCδ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R C Heijkants
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Nieveen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K C 't Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A F A S Teunisse
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A G Jochemsen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bang JS, Choi NY, Lee M, Ko K, Lee HJ, Park YS, Jeong D, Chung HM, Ko K. Optimization of episomal reprogramming for generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from fibroblasts. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018; 22:132-139. [PMID: 30460090 PMCID: PMC6138300 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1451367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors (OCT4, SOX2, C-MYC, and KLF4) from various human primary cells has been reported. Human fibroblasts have been widely used as a cellular source in reprogramming studies over recent decades. The original method of iPSC generation uses retro- or lentivirus vectors that require integration of viral DNA into the target cells. The integration of exogenous genes encoding transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, C-MYC, and KLF4) can be detected in iPSCs, raising concern about the risk of mutagenesis and tumor formation. Therefore, stem cell therapy would ideally require generation of integration-free iPSCs using non-integration gene delivery system such as Sendai virus, recombinant proteins, synthetic mRNA, and episomal vectors. Several groups have reported that episomal vectors are capable of reprogramming human fibroblasts into iPSCs. Although vector concentration and cell density are important in the episomal vector reprogramming method, optimization of this method for human fibroblasts has not been reported. In this study, we determined optimal conditions for generating integration-free iPSCs from human fibroblasts through the use of different concentrations of episomal vectors (OCT4/p53, SOX2/KLF4, L-MYC/LIN28A) and different plating cell density. We found that optimized vector concentration and cell density accelerate reprogramming and improve iPSC generation. Our study provides a detailed stepwise protocol for improved generation of integration-free iPSCs from human fibroblasts by transfection with episomal vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok Bang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Young Choi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minseong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kisung Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo Seph Park
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dahee Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kinarm Ko
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Glycine enhances expression of adiponectin and IL-10 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without affecting adipogenesis and lipolysis. Amino Acids 2018; 50:629-640. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
35
|
Coronaviruses and arteriviruses display striking differences in their cyclophilin A-dependence during replication in cell culture. Virology 2017; 517:148-156. [PMID: 29249267 PMCID: PMC7112125 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CypA) is an important host factor in the replication of a variety of RNA viruses. Also the replication of several nidoviruses was reported to depend on CypA, although possibly not to the same extent. These prior studies are difficult to compare, since different nidoviruses, cell lines and experimental set-ups were used. Here, we investigated the CypA dependence of three distantly related nidoviruses that can all replicate in Huh7 cells: the arterivirus equine arteritis virus (EAV), the alphacoronavirus human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), and the betacoronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The replication of these viruses was compared in the same parental Huh7 cells and in CypA-knockout Huh7 cells generated using CRISPR/Cas9-technology. CypA depletion reduced EAV yields by ~ 3-log, whereas MERS-CoV progeny titers were modestly reduced (3-fold) and HCoV-229E replication was unchanged. This study reveals that the replication of nidoviruses can differ strikingly in its dependence on cellular CypA. Nidoviruses display differences in sensitivity towards cyclophilin A depletion. Replication of MERS-coronavirus is reduced modestly in cyclophilin A-knockout cells. Equine arteritis virus replication is strongly inhibited by cyclophilin A depletion. Chromosomal anomalies complicate CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in Huh7 cells.
Collapse
|
36
|
Piguet F, Alves S, Cartier N. Clinical Gene Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Past, Present, and Future. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:988-1003. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Piguet
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics Department, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
- Inserm U596, Illkirch, France; CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Faculte des Sciences de la Vie, Universite de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Nathalie Cartier
- INSERM/CEA UMR1169, MIRCen Fontenay aux Roses, France
- Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bidirectional manipulation of gene expression in adipocytes using CRISPRa and siRNA. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1313-1320. [PMID: 29031730 PMCID: PMC5641601 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Functional investigation of novel gene/protein targets associated with adipocyte differentiation or function heavily relies on efficient and accessible tools to manipulate gene expression in adipocytes in vitro. Recent advances in gene-editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 have not only eased gene editing but also greatly facilitated modulation of gene expression without altering the genome. Here, we aimed to develop and validate a competent in vitro adipocyte model of controllable functionality as well as multiplexed gene manipulation in adipocytes, using the CRISPRa “SAM” system and siRNAs to simultaneously overexpress and silence selected genes in the same cell populations. Methods We introduced a stable expression of dCas9-VP64 and MS2-P65, the core components of the CRIPSRa SAM system, in mesenchymal C3H/10T1/2 cells through viral delivery and used guide RNAs targeting Pparγ2, Prdm16, Zfp423, or Ucp1 to control the expression of key genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and function. We additionally co-transfected mature adipocytes with sgRNA plasmids and siRNA to simultaneously up-regulate and silence selected genes. Quantitative gene expression, oxygen consumption, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immunocytochemistry served as validation proxies in pre- or mature adipocytes. Results CRISPRa SAM-mediated up-regulation of a key adipogenic gene, Pparγ2, was successfully achieved using selected sgRNAs targeting the Pparγ2 promoter region (i.e. up to 104 fold); this induction was long lasting and sufficient to promote adipogenesis. Furthermore, co-activation of Pparγ2 with either Prdm16 or Zfp423 transcripts drove distinct thermogenic gene expression patterns associated with increased or decreased oxygen consumption, respectively, mimicking typical characteristics of brite/beige or white cell lineages. Lastly, we demonstrated that up-regulation of endogenous genes in mature adipocytes was also easily and efficiently achieved using CRISPRa SAM, here exemplified by targeted Ucp1 overexpression (up to 4 × 103 fold), and that it was compatible with concomitant gene silencing using siRNA, allowing for bidirectional manipulation of gene expression in the same cell populations. Conclusions We demonstrate that the CRISPRa SAM system can be easily adopted and used to efficiently manipulate gene expression in pre- and mature adipocytes in vitro. Moreover, we describe a novel methodological approach combining the activation of endogenous genes and siRNA-mediated gene silencing, thus providing a powerful tool to functionally decipher genetic factors controlling adipogenesis and adipocyte functions. CRISPRa allows multiplex gene induction in pre- and mature adipocytes. Adipocyte cell fate can be influenced using CRISPRa. Bidirectional control of gene expression is achievable by combining CRISPRa with siRNA mediated knockdown.
Collapse
|
38
|
Huang H, Vandekeere S, Kalucka J, Bierhansl L, Zecchin A, Brüning U, Visnagri A, Yuldasheva N, Goveia J, Cruys B, Brepoels K, Wyns S, Rayport S, Ghesquière B, Vinckier S, Schoonjans L, Cubbon R, Dewerchin M, Eelen G, Carmeliet P. Role of glutamine and interlinked asparagine metabolism in vessel formation. EMBO J 2017; 36:2334-2352. [PMID: 28659375 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism is emerging as a regulator of angiogenesis, but the precise role of glutamine metabolism in ECs is unknown. Here, we show that depriving ECs of glutamine or inhibiting glutaminase 1 (GLS1) caused vessel sprouting defects due to impaired proliferation and migration, and reduced pathological ocular angiogenesis. Inhibition of glutamine metabolism in ECs did not cause energy distress, but impaired tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle anaplerosis, macromolecule production, and redox homeostasis. Only the combination of TCA cycle replenishment plus asparagine supplementation restored the metabolic aberrations and proliferation defect caused by glutamine deprivation. Mechanistically, glutamine provided nitrogen for asparagine synthesis to sustain cellular homeostasis. While ECs can take up asparagine, silencing asparagine synthetase (ASNS, which converts glutamine-derived nitrogen and aspartate to asparagine) impaired EC sprouting even in the presence of glutamine and asparagine. Asparagine further proved crucial in glutamine-deprived ECs to restore protein synthesis, suppress ER stress, and reactivate mTOR signaling. These findings reveal a novel link between endothelial glutamine and asparagine metabolism in vessel sprouting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Huang
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Saar Vandekeere
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Bierhansl
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annalisa Zecchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrike Brüning
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Asjad Visnagri
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nadira Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jermaine Goveia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Cruys
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Brepoels
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Wyns
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Richard Cubbon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Booij TH, Bange H, Leonhard WN, Yan K, Fokkelman M, Kunnen SJ, Dauwerse JG, Qin Y, van de Water B, van Westen GJP, Peters DJM, Price LS. High-Throughput Phenotypic Screening of Kinase Inhibitors to Identify Drug Targets for Polycystic Kidney Disease. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017. [PMID: 28644734 PMCID: PMC5574491 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217716056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a prevalent disorder characterized by renal cysts that lead to kidney failure. Various signaling pathways have been targeted to stop disease progression, but most interventions still focus on alleviating PKD-associated symptoms. The mechanistic complexity of the disease, as well as the lack of functional in vitro assays for compound testing, has made drug discovery for PKD challenging. To identify modulators of PKD, Pkd1–/– kidney tubule epithelial cells were applied to a scalable and automated 3D cyst culture model for compound screening, followed by phenotypic profiling to determine compound efficacy. We used this screening platform to screen a library of 273 kinase inhibitors to probe various signaling pathways involved in cyst growth. We show that inhibition of several targets, including aurora kinase, CDK, Chk, IGF-1R, Syk, and mTOR, but, surprisingly, not PI3K, prevented forskolin-induced cyst swelling. Additionally, we show that multiparametric phenotypic classification discriminated potentially undesirable (i.e., cytotoxic) compounds from molecules inducing the desired phenotypic change, greatly facilitating hit selection and validation. Our findings show that a pathophysiologically relevant 3D cyst culture model of PKD coupled to phenotypic profiling can be used to identify potentially therapeutic compounds and predict and validate molecular targets for PKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tijmen H Booij
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hester Bange
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter N Leonhard
- 2 Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kuan Yan
- 3 OcellO B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Fokkelman
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Steven J Kunnen
- 2 Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Yu Qin
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gerard J P van Westen
- 4 Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Leo S Price
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands.,3 OcellO B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang W, Bailey-Elkin BA, Knaap RCM, Khare B, Dalebout TJ, Johnson GG, van Kasteren PB, McLeish NJ, Gu J, He W, Kikkert M, Mark BL, Sidhu SS. Potent and selective inhibition of pathogenic viruses by engineered ubiquitin variants. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006372. [PMID: 28542609 PMCID: PMC5451084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Ebola and Zika virus outbreaks exemplify the continued threat of (re-)emerging viruses to human health, and our inability to rapidly develop effective therapeutic countermeasures. Many viruses, including MERS-CoV and the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) encode deubiquitinating (DUB) enzymes that are critical for viral replication and pathogenicity. They bind and remove ubiquitin (Ub) and interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) from cellular proteins to suppress host antiviral innate immune responses. A variety of viral DUBs (vDUBs), including the MERS-CoV papain-like protease, are responsible for cleaving the viral replicase polyproteins during replication, and are thereby critical components of the viral replication cycle. Together, this makes vDUBs highly attractive antiviral drug targets. However, structural similarity between the catalytic cores of vDUBs and human DUBs complicates the development of selective small molecule vDUB inhibitors. We have thus developed an alternative strategy to target the vDUB activity through a rational protein design approach. Here, we report the use of phage-displayed ubiquitin variant (UbV) libraries to rapidly identify potent and highly selective protein-based inhibitors targeting the DUB domains of MERS-CoV and CCHFV. UbVs bound the vDUBs with high affinity and specificity to inhibit deubiquitination, deISGylation and in the case of MERS-CoV also viral replicative polyprotein processing. Co-crystallization studies further revealed critical molecular interactions between UbVs and MERS-CoV or CCHFV vDUBs, accounting for the observed binding specificity and high affinity. Finally, expression of UbVs during MERS-CoV infection reduced infectious progeny titers by more than four orders of magnitude, demonstrating the remarkable potency of UbVs as antiviral agents. Our results thereby establish a strategy to produce protein-based inhibitors that could protect against a diverse range of viruses by providing UbVs via mRNA or protein delivery technologies or through transgenic techniques. Emerging viruses pose a tremendous challenge to human health. While vaccine-based approaches are desirable in terms of infection prevention in the longer term, alternative antiviral strategies are needed, especially when providing treatment options for infected patients during acute outbreaks. Here we applied protein engineering technology to target virus-encoded deubiquitinating enzymes of two viruses with significant impact on human health: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). This resulted in the rapid identification of ubiquitin variant (UbV) inhibitors that bound with high affinity and specificity to the viral deubiquitinating enzymes. These proteins inhibited the catalytic activities of the deubiquitinating enzymes and almost completely blocked MERS-CoV infection. This work provides proof-of-principle that structurally diverse, virus-specific deubiquitinating enzymes can be selectively targeted through rational protein design technology, and therefore opens new avenues for quickly developed molecularly tailored therapy across a broad spectrum of viral pathogens that infect humans, livestock and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben A. Bailey-Elkin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert C. M. Knaap
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Baldeep Khare
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tim J. Dalebout
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Garrett G. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Puck B. van Kasteren
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel J. McLeish
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jun Gu
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenguang He
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (MK); (BLM); (SSS)
| | - Brian L. Mark
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail: (MK); (BLM); (SSS)
| | - Sachdev S. Sidhu
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (MK); (BLM); (SSS)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Autoimmunity against a defective ribosomal insulin gene product in type 1 diabetes. Nat Med 2017; 23:501-507. [PMID: 28263308 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Identification of epitopes that are recognized by diabetogenic T cells and cause selective beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has focused on peptides originating from native beta cell proteins. Translational errors represent a major potential source of antigenic peptides to which central immune tolerance is lacking. Here, we describe an alternative open reading frame within human insulin mRNA encoding a highly immunogenic polypeptide that is targeted by T cells in T1D patients. We show that cytotoxic T cells directed against the N-terminal peptide of this nonconventional product are present in the circulation of individuals diagnosed with T1D, and we provide direct evidence that such CD8+ T cells are capable of killing human beta cells and thereby may be diabetogenic. This study reveals a new source of nonconventional polypeptides that act as self-epitopes in clinical autoimmune disease.
Collapse
|
42
|
van der Torren CR, Zaldumbide A, Duinkerken G, Brand-Schaaf SH, Peakman M, Stangé G, Martinson L, Kroon E, Brandon EP, Pipeleers D, Roep BO. Immunogenicity of human embryonic stem cell-derived beta cells. Diabetologia 2017; 60:126-133. [PMID: 27787618 PMCID: PMC6518073 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS To overcome the donor shortage in the treatment of advanced type 1 diabetes by islet transplantation, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) show great potential as an unlimited alternative source of beta cells. hESCs may have immune privileged properties and it is important to determine whether these properties are preserved in hESC-derived cells. METHODS We comprehensively investigated interactions of both innate and adaptive auto- and allo-immunity with hESC-derived pancreatic progenitor cells and hESC-derived endocrine cells, retrieved after in-vivo differentiation in capsules in the subcutis of mice. RESULTS We found that hESC-derived pancreatic endodermal cells expressed relatively low levels of HLA endorsing protection from specific immune responses. HLA was upregulated when exposed to IFNγ, making these endocrine progenitor cells vulnerable to cytotoxic T cells and alloreactive antibodies. In vivo-differentiated endocrine cells were protected from complement, but expressed more HLA and were targets for alloreactive antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and alloreactive cytotoxic T cells. After HLA compatibility was provided by transduction with HLA-A2, preproinsulin-specific T cells killed insulin-producing cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors are hypoimmunogenic, while in vivo-differentiated endocrine cells represent mature targets for adaptive immune responses. Our data support the need for immune intervention in transplantation of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors. Cell-impermeable macro-encapsulation may suffice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis R van der Torren
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, E3-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, NL-2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- JDRF Center for Beta Cell Therapy in Diabetes
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gaby Duinkerken
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, E3-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, NL-2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- JDRF Center for Beta Cell Therapy in Diabetes
| | - Simone H Brand-Schaaf
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, E3-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, NL-2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Peakman
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Geert Stangé
- JDRF Center for Beta Cell Therapy in Diabetes
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Pipeleers
- JDRF Center for Beta Cell Therapy in Diabetes
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, E3-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, NL-2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- JDRF Center for Beta Cell Therapy in Diabetes, .
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Genetic Manipulation with Viral Vectors to Assess Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Function. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1566:109-124. [PMID: 28244045 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6820-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Viral vectors have become widely used tools for genetic manipulation of adipose tissues to understand the biology and function of adipocytes in metabolism. There are a number of different viral vectors commonly used: retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, and adeno-associated virus (AAV). Here, we review examples from the literature and describe methods to transduce adipocytes and adipose tissues using retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, and AAV to ascertain gene function in adipose biology.
Collapse
|
44
|
The role of fatty acid β-oxidation in lymphangiogenesis. Nature 2016; 542:49-54. [PMID: 28024299 DOI: 10.1038/nature21028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are lined by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), and are critical for health. However, the role of metabolism in lymphatic development has not yet been elucidated. Here we report that in transgenic mouse models, LEC-specific loss of CPT1A, a rate-controlling enzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation, impairs lymphatic development. LECs use fatty acid β-oxidation to proliferate and for epigenetic regulation of lymphatic marker expression during LEC differentiation. Mechanistically, the transcription factor PROX1 upregulates CPT1A expression, which increases acetyl coenzyme A production dependent on fatty acid β-oxidation. Acetyl coenzyme A is used by the histone acetyltransferase p300 to acetylate histones at lymphangiogenic genes. PROX1-p300 interaction facilitates preferential histone acetylation at PROX1-target genes. Through this metabolism-dependent mechanism, PROX1 mediates epigenetic changes that promote lymphangiogenesis. Notably, blockade of CPT1 enzymes inhibits injury-induced lymphangiogenesis, and replenishing acetyl coenzyme A by supplementing acetate rescues this process in vivo.
Collapse
|
45
|
Antiviral Innate Immune Response Interferes with the Formation of Replication-Associated Membrane Structures Induced by a Positive-Strand RNA Virus. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.01991-16. [PMID: 27923923 PMCID: PMC5142621 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01991-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with nidoviruses like corona- and arteriviruses induces a reticulovesicular network of interconnected endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) and other membrane structures. This network is thought to accommodate the viral replication machinery and protect it from innate immune detection. We hypothesized that the innate immune response has tools to counteract the formation of these virus-induced replication organelles in order to inhibit virus replication. Here we have investigated the effect of type I interferon (IFN) treatment on the formation of arterivirus-induced membrane structures. Our approach involved ectopic expression of arterivirus nonstructural proteins nsp2 and nsp3, which induce DMV formation in the absence of other viral triggers of the interferon response, such as replicating viral RNA. Thus, this setup can be used to identify immune effectors that specifically target the (formation of) virus-induced membrane structures. Using large-scale electron microscopy mosaic maps, we found that IFN-β treatment significantly reduced the formation of the membrane structures. Strikingly, we also observed abundant stretches of double-membrane sheets (a proposed intermediate of DMV formation) in IFN-β-treated samples, suggesting the disruption of DMV biogenesis. Three interferon-stimulated gene products, two of which have been reported to target the hepatitis C virus replication structures, were tested for their possible involvement, but none of them affected membrane structure formation. Our study reveals the existence of a previously unknown innate immune mechanism that antagonizes the viral hijacking of host membranes. It also provides a solid basis for further research into the poorly understood interactions between the innate immune system and virus-induced replication structures. IMPORTANCE Viruses with a positive-strand RNA genome establish a membrane-associated replication organelle by hijacking and remodeling intracellular host membranes, a process deemed essential for their efficient replication. It is unknown whether the cellular innate immune system can detect and/or inhibit the formation of these membrane structures, which could be an effective mechanism to delay viral RNA replication. In this study, using an expression system that closely mimics the formation of arterivirus replication structures, we show for the first time that IFN-β treatment clearly reduces the amount of induced membrane structures. Moreover, drastic morphological changes were observed among the remaining structures, suggesting that their biogenesis was impaired. Follow-up experiments suggested that host cells contain a hitherto unknown innate antiviral mechanism, which targets this common feature of positive-strand RNA virus replication. Our study provides a strong basis for further research into the interaction of the innate immune system with membranous viral replication organelles.
Collapse
|
46
|
Hoekstra AS, de Graaff MA, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, Ras C, Seifar RM, van Minderhout I, Cornelisse CJ, Hogendoorn PCW, Breuning MH, Suijker J, Korpershoek E, Kunst HPM, Frizzell N, Devilee P, Bayley JP, Bovée JVMG. Inactivation of SDH and FH cause loss of 5hmC and increased H3K9me3 in paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma and smooth muscle tumors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38777-88. [PMID: 26472283 PMCID: PMC4770736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and fumarate hydratase (FH) are tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes and tumor suppressors. Loss-of-function mutations give rise to hereditary paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma. Inactivation of SDH and FH results in an abnormal accumulation of their substrates succinate and fumarate, leading to inhibition of numerous α-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the ten-eleven-translocation (TET) family of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. To evaluate the distribution of DNA and histone methylation, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of 5mC, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), TET1, H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3 on tissue microarrays containing paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas (n = 134) and hereditary and sporadic smooth muscle tumors (n = 56) in comparison to their normal counterparts. Our results demonstrate distinct loss of 5hmC in tumor cells in SDH- and FH-deficient tumors. Loss of 5hmC in SDH-deficient tumors was associated with nuclear exclusion of TET1, a known regulator of 5hmC levels. Moreover, increased methylation of H3K9me3 occurred predominantly in the chief cell component of SDH mutant tumors, while no changes were seen in H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, data supported by in vitro knockdown of SDH genes. We also show for the first time that FH-deficient smooth muscle tumors exhibit increased H3K9me3 methylation compared to wildtype tumors. Our findings reveal broadly similar patterns of epigenetic deregulation in both FH- and SDH-deficient tumors, suggesting that defects in genes of the TCA cycle result in common mechanisms of inhibition of histone and DNA demethylases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attje S Hoekstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke A de Graaff
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cor Ras
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Reza Maleki Seifar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne van Minderhout
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Cornelisse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn H Breuning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johnny Suijker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Korpershoek
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus P M Kunst
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Bayley
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Glycolytic regulation of cell rearrangement in angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12240. [PMID: 27436424 PMCID: PMC4961802 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During vessel sprouting, endothelial cells (ECs) dynamically rearrange positions in the sprout to compete for the tip position. We recently identified a key role for the glycolytic activator PFKFB3 in vessel sprouting by regulating cytoskeleton remodelling, migration and tip cell competitiveness. It is, however, unknown how glycolysis regulates EC rearrangement during vessel sprouting. Here we report that computational simulations, validated by experimentation, predict that glycolytic production of ATP drives EC rearrangement by promoting filopodia formation and reducing intercellular adhesion. Notably, the simulations correctly predicted that blocking PFKFB3 normalizes the disturbed EC rearrangement in high VEGF conditions, as occurs during pathological angiogenesis. This interdisciplinary study integrates EC metabolism in vessel sprouting, yielding mechanistic insight in the control of vessel sprouting by glycolysis, and suggesting anti-glycolytic therapy for vessel normalization in cancer and non-malignant diseases. Glycolytic regulator PFKFB3 is a key player in vessel sprouting. Here the authors develop a computational model predicting that PFKFB3 drives endothelial cell rearrangement during vessel sprouting by promoting filopodia formation and reducing intercellular adhesion, and empirically validate this prediction.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hoekstra AS, Addie RD, Ras C, Seifar RM, Ruivenkamp CA, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, Hes FJ, Jansen JC, Corssmit EPM, Corver WE, Morreau H, Bovée JVMG, Bayley JP, Devilee P. Parent-of-origin tumourigenesis is mediated by an essential imprinted modifier in SDHD-linked paragangliomas: SLC22A18 and CDKN1C are candidate tumour modifiers. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3715-3728. [PMID: 27402879 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SDHD and SDHAF2 (both located on chromosome 11) give rise to hereditary paraganglioma almost exclusively after paternal transmission of the mutation, and tumours often show loss of the entire maternal copy of chromosome 11. The 'Hensen' model postulates that a tumour modifier gene located on chromosome 11p15, a region known to harbour a cluster of imprinted genes, is essential to tumour formation. We observed decreased protein expression of the 11p15 candidate genes CDKN1C, SLC22A18 and ZNF215 evaluated in 60 SDHD-mutated tumours compared to normal carotid body tissue and non-SDH mutant tumours.We then created stable knockdown in vitro models, reasoning that the simultaneous knockdown of SDHD and a maternally expressed 11p15 modifier gene would enhance paraganglioma-related cellular characteristics compared to SDHD knockdown alone. Knockdown of SDHD in SNB19 and SHSY5Y cells resulted in the accumulation of succinate, the stabilization of HIF1 protein and a reduction in cell proliferation.Compared to single knockdown of SDHD, knockdown of SDHD together with SLC22A18 or with CDKN1C led to small but significant increases in cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, and to a gene expression profile closely related to the known transcriptional profile of SDH-deficient tumours. Of the 60 SDHD tumours investigated, four tumours showing retention of chromosome 11 showed SLC22A18 and CDKN1C expression levels comparable to levels in tumours showing loss of chromosome 11, suggesting loss of protein expression despite chromosomal retention.Our data strongly suggest that SLC22A18 and/or CDKN1C are tumour modifier genes involved in the tumourigenesis of SDHD-linked paraganglioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruben D Addie
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics
- Department of Pathology
| | - Cor Ras
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Reza M Seifar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Eleonora P M Corssmit
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Isidor MS, Winther S, Basse AL, Petersen MCH, Cannon B, Nedergaard J, Hansen JB. An siRNA-based method for efficient silencing of gene expression in mature brown adipocytes. Adipocyte 2016; 5:175-85. [PMID: 27386153 PMCID: PMC4916873 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue is a promising therapeutic target for opposing obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The ability to modulate gene expression in mature brown adipocytes is important to understand brown adipocyte function and delineate novel regulatory mechanisms of non-shivering thermogenesis. The aim of this study was to optimize a lipofection-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection protocol for efficient silencing of gene expression in mature brown adipocytes. We determined that a critical parameter was to deliver the siRNA to mature adipocytes by reverse transfection, i.e. transfection of non-adherent cells. Using this protocol, we effectively knocked down both high- and low-abundance transcripts in a model of mature brown adipocytes (WT-1) as well as in primary mature mouse brown adipocytes. A functional consequence of the knockdown was confirmed by an attenuated increase in uncoupled respiration (thermogenesis) in response to β-adrenergic stimulation of mature WT-1 brown adipocytes transfected with uncoupling protein 1 siRNA. Efficient gene silencing was also obtained in various mouse and human white adipocyte models (3T3-L1, primary mouse white adipocytes, hMADS) with the ability to undergo “browning.” In summary, we report an easy and versatile reverse siRNA transfection protocol to achieve specific silencing of gene expression in various models of mature brown and browning-competent white adipocytes, including primary cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie S. Isidor
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Winther
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid L. Basse
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob B. Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
L Ramos T, Sánchez-Abarca LI, Muntión S, Preciado S, Puig N, López-Ruano G, Hernández-Hernández Á, Redondo A, Ortega R, Rodríguez C, Sánchez-Guijo F, del Cañizo C. MSC surface markers (CD44, CD73, and CD90) can identify human MSC-derived extracellular vesicles by conventional flow cytometry. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:2. [PMID: 26754424 PMCID: PMC4709865 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) are multipotent cells with both regenerative and immunomodulatory activities making them an attractive tool for cellular therapy. In the last few years it has been shown that the beneficial effects of hMSC may be due to paracrine effects and, at least in part, mediated by extracellular vesicles (EV). EV have emerged as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Flow cytometry (FCM) is a routine technology used in most clinical laboratories and could be used as a methodology for hMSC-EV characterization. Although several reports have characterized EV by FCM, a specific panel and protocol for hMSC-derived EV is lacking. The main objective of our study was the characterization of hMSC-EV using a standard flow cytometer. METHODS Human MSC from bone marrow of healthy donors, mesenchymal cell lines (HS-5 and hTERT) and a leukemic cell line (K562 cells) were used to obtain EV for FCM characterization. EV released from the different cell lines were isolated by ultracentrifugation and were characterized, using a multi-parametric analysis, in a conventional flow cytometer. EV characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blot (WB) and Nano-particle tracking analysis (NTA) was also performed. RESULTS EV membranes are constituted by the combination of specific cell surface molecules depending on their cell of origin, together with specific proteins like tetraspanins (e.g. CD63). We have characterized by FCM the EV released from BM-hMSC, that were defined as particles less than 0.9 μm, positive for the hMSC markers (CD90, CD44 and CD73) and negative for CD34 and CD45 (hematopoietic markers). In addition, hMSC-derived EV were also positive for CD63 and CD81, the two characteristic markers of EV. To validate our characterization strategy, EV from mesenchymal cell lines (hTERT/HS-5) were also studied, using the leukemia cell line (K562) as a negative control. EV released from mesenchymal cell lines displayed the same immunophenotypic profile as the EV from primary BM-hMSC, while the EV derived from K562 cells did not show hMSC markers. We further validated the panel using EV from hMSC transduced with GFP. Finally, EV derived from the different sources (hMSC, hTERT/HS-5 and K562) were also characterized by WB, TEM and NTA, demonstrating the expression by WB of the exosomal markers CD63 and CD81, as well as CD73 in those from MSC origin. EV morphology and size/concentration was confirmed by TEM and NTA, respectively. CONCLUSION We described a strategy that allows the identification and characterization by flow cytometry of hMSC-derived EV that can be routinely used in most laboratories with a standard flow cytometry facility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Ramos
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Luis Ignacio Sánchez-Abarca
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Sandra Muntión
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Silvia Preciado
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Noemí Puig
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Guillermo López-Ruano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Alba Redondo
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Ortega
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Concepción Rodríguez
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Consuelo del Cañizo
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|