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Mousavikia SN, Darvish L, Bahreyni Toossi MT, Azimian H. Exosomes: Their role in the diagnosis, progression, metastasis, and treatment of glioblastoma. Life Sci 2024; 350:122743. [PMID: 38806071 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are crucial for the growth and spread of glioblastomas, an aggressive form of brain cancer. These tiny vesicles play a crucial role in the activation of signaling pathways and intercellular communication. They can also transfer a variety of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids from donor to recipient cells. Exosomes can influence the immune response by regulating the activity of immune cells, and they are crucial for the growth and metastasis of glioblastoma cells. In addition, exosomes contribute to drug resistance during treatment, which is a major obstacle in the treatment of glioblastoma. By studying them, the diagnosis and prognosis of glioblastoma can be improved. Due to their high biocompatibility and lack of toxicity, they have become an attractive option for drug delivery. The development of exosomes as carriers of specific therapeutic agents could overcome some of the obstacles to effective treatment of glioblastoma. In this review, we address the potential of exosomes for the treatment of glioblastoma and show how they can be modified for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Mousavikia
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - L Darvish
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - M T Bahreyni Toossi
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Shi H, Wang M, Yu D, Fu M, Qian Y, Zhang X, Ji R, Wang S, Gu J, Zhang X. M2 Tumor-Associated Macrophages-Derived Exosomal MALAT1 Promotes Glycolysis and Gastric Cancer Progression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309298. [PMID: 38639382 PMCID: PMC11199979 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (M2 TAMs) promote cancer progression. Exosomes mediate cellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the roles of exosomes from M2 TAMs in gastric cancer progression are unclear. Herein, it is reported that M2 TAMs-derived exosomes induced aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer cells and enhanced their proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance in a glycolysis-dependent manner. It is identified that MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) is enriched in M2 TAM exosomes and confirmed that MALAT1 transfer from M2 TAMs to gastric cancer cells via exosomes mediates this effect. Mechanistically, MALAT1 interacted with the δ-catenin protein and suppressed its ubiquitination and degradation by β-TRCP. In addition, MALAT1 upregulated HIF-1α expression by acting as a sponge for miR-217-5p. The activation of β-catenin and HIF-1α signaling pathways by M2 TAM exosomes collectively led to enhanced aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer cells. Finally, a dual-targeted inhibition of MALAT1 in both gastric cancer cells and macrophages by exosome-mediated delivery of siRNA remarkably suppressed gastric cancer growth and improved chemosensitivity in mouse tumor models. Taken together, these results suggest that M2 TAMs-derived exosomes promote gastric cancer progression via MALAT1-mediated regulation of glycolysis. The findings offer a potential target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China
| | - Maoye Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China
| | - Runbi Ji
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210000China
| | - Jianmei Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineNantong Tumor Hospital/Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong226300China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China
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Ran XM, Yang J, Wang ZY, Xiao LZ, Deng YP, Zhang KQ. M2 macrophage-derived exosomal circTMCO3 acts through miR-515-5p and ITGA8 to enhance malignancy in ovarian cancer. Commun Biol 2024; 7:583. [PMID: 38755265 PMCID: PMC11098810 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages of the M2 phenotype promote cancer initiation and progression. Importantly, M2 macrophage-derived exosomes play key roles in the malignancy of cancer cells. Here, we report that circTMCO3 is upregulated in ovarian cancer patients, and its high expression indicates poor survival. M2-derived exosomes promote proliferation, migration, and invasion in ovarian cancer, but these effects are abolished by knockdown of circTMCO3. Furthermore, circTMCO3 functions as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-515-5p to reduce its abundance, thus upregulating ITGA8 in ovarian cancer. miR-515-5p inhibits ovarian cancer malignancy via directly downregulating ITGA8. The decreased oncogenic activity of circTMCO3-silencing exosomes is reversed by miR-515-5p knockdown or ITGA8 overexpression. Exosomal circTMCO3 promotes ovarian cancer progression in nude mice. Thus, M2 macrophage-derived exosomes promote malignancy by delivering circTMCO3 and targeting the miR-515-5p/ITGA8 axis in ovarian cancer. Our findings not only provide mechanistic insights into ovarian cancer progression, but also suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Ran
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward 5, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward 5, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zi-Yi Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward 5, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ling-Zhi Xiao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward 5, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Deng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward 5, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ke-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward 5, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Wang M, Shu H, Cheng X, Xiao H, Jin Z, Yao N, Mao S, Zong Z. Exosome as a crucial communicator between tumor microenvironment and gastric cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:28. [PMID: 38240092 PMCID: PMC10836496 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and has relatively high morbidity and mortality rates. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that originate from a diverse array of cells and may be found throughout various bodily fluids. These vesicles are endogenous nanocarriers in their natural state with the unique ability to transport lipids, proteins, DNA and RNA. Exosomes contain DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and other bioactive components that have crucial roles in the transmission of information and regulation of cell activities in gastric cancer. This paper begins with an exploration of the composition, formation and release mechanisms of exosomes. Subsequently, the role of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment is reviewed in terms of the immune cell population, nonimmune cell population and other factors. Finally, the current status and challenges of exosome‑based research on the progression, diagnosis and therapeutic methods of gastric cancer are summarized. This holistic review offers insight that may guide future research directions for exosomes and potentially pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions in the management of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xifu Cheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Queen Marry College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- Queen Marry College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shengxun Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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ZHANG YUN, TANG SHALING, GAO YUBO, LU ZHONGTING, YANG YUAN, CHEN JING, LI TAO. Application of exosomal miRNA mediated macrophage polarization in colorectal cancer: Current progress and challenges. Oncol Res 2023; 32:61-71. [PMID: 38188683 PMCID: PMC10767244 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.043481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Surgical resection is the main treatment for early-stage CRC, but detecting it early is challenging. Therefore, effective therapeutic targets for advanced patients are still lacking. Exosomes, tiny vesicles in body fluids, play a crucial role in tumor metastasis, immune regulation, and drug resistance. Interestingly, they can even serve as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Studies have shown that exosomes can carry miRNA, mediate the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages, promote the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, and affect the prognosis of CRC. Since the gastrointestinal tract has many macrophages, understanding the mechanism behind exosomal miRNA-mediated macrophage polarization in CRC treatment is crucial. This article summarizes recent advancements in the study of exosomal miRNAs in CRC and their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- YUN ZHANG
- Department of Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - SHALING TANG
- Department of Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - YUBO GAO
- Department of Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - ZHONGTING LU
- Department of Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - YUAN YANG
- Department of Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - JING CHEN
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - TAO LI
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tumor Hospital, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Purushothaman A, Oliva-Ramírez J, Treekitkarnmongkol W, Sankaran D, Hurd MW, Putluri N, Maitra A, Haymaker C, Sen S. Differential Effects of Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Driving a Suppressive Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14652. [PMID: 37834100 PMCID: PMC10572854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells display extensive crosstalk with their surrounding environment to regulate tumor growth, immune evasion, and metastasis. Recent advances have attributed many of these interactions to intercellular communication mediated by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), involving cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). To explore the impact of sEVs on monocyte lineage transition as well as the expression of checkpoint receptors and activation markers, peripheral blood monocytes from healthy subjects were exposed to PDAC-derived sEVs. Additionally, to analyze the role of sEV-associated HA in immune regulation and tissue-resident fibroblasts, monocytes and pancreatic stellate cells were cultured in the presence of PDAC sEVs with or depleted of HA. Exposure of monocytes to sEVs resulted in unique phenotypic changes in HLA-DR, PD-L1, CD86 and CD64 expression, and cytokine secretion that was HA-independent except for IL-1β and MIP1β. In contrast, monocyte suppression of autologous T cell proliferation was reduced following exposure to HA-low sEVs. In addition, exposure of stellate cells to sEVs upregulated the secretion of various cytokines, including MMP-9, while removal of HA from PDAC-derived sEVs attenuated the secretion of MMP-9, demonstrating the role of sEV-associated HA in regulating expression of this pro-tumorigenic cytokine from stellate cells. This observation lends credence to the findings from the TCGA database that PDAC patients with high levels of enzymes in the HA synthesis pathway had worse survival rates compared with patients having low expression of these enzymes. PDAC-derived sEVs have an immune modulatory role affecting the activation state of monocyte subtypes. However, sEV-associated HA does not affect monocyte phenotype but alters cytokine secretion and suppression of autologous T cell proliferation and induces secretion of pro-tumorigenic factors by pancreatic stellate cells (PSC), as has been seen following the conversion of PSCs to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Interruption of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, activated in PDAC producing the key substrate (UDP-GlcNAc) for HA synthesis, thus, represents a potential clinical interception strategy for PDAC patients. Findings warrant further investigations of underlying mechanisms involving larger sample cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Purushothaman
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.P.); (J.O.-R.); (W.T.); (D.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacqueline Oliva-Ramírez
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.P.); (J.O.-R.); (W.T.); (D.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Warapen Treekitkarnmongkol
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.P.); (J.O.-R.); (W.T.); (D.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Deivendran Sankaran
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.P.); (J.O.-R.); (W.T.); (D.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Mark W. Hurd
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.P.); (J.O.-R.); (W.T.); (D.S.); (A.M.)
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.P.); (J.O.-R.); (W.T.); (D.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Subrata Sen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.P.); (J.O.-R.); (W.T.); (D.S.); (A.M.)
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Otmani K, Rouas R, Lagneaux L, Krayem M, Duvillier H, Berehab M, Lewalle P. Acute myeloid leukemia-derived exosomes deliver miR-24-3p to hinder the T-cell immune response through DENN/MADD targeting in the NF-κB signaling pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:253. [PMID: 37735672 PMCID: PMC10515055 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs (miRNAs) are known as potent gene expression regulators, and several studies have revealed the prognostic value of miRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient survival. Recently, strong evidence has indicated that miRNAs can be transported by exosomes (EXOs) from cancer cells to recipient immune microenvironment (IME) cells. RESULTS We found that AML blast-released EXOs enhance CD3 T-cell apoptosis in both CD4 and CD8 T cells. We hypothesized that miRNAs present in EXOs are key players in mediating the changes observed in AML T-cell survival. We found that miR-24-3p, a commonly overexpressed miRNA in AML, was present in released EXOs, suggesting that EXO-miR-24-3p was linked to the increased miR-24-3p levels detected in isolated AML T cells. These results were corroborated by ex vivo-generated miR-24-3p-enriched EXOs, which showed that miR-24-3p-EXOs increased apoptosis and miR-24-3p levels in T cells. We also demonstrated that overexpression of miR-24-3p increased T-cell apoptosis and affected T-cell proliferation by directly targeting DENN/MADD expression and indirectly altering the NF-κB, p-JAK/STAT, and p-ERK signaling pathways but promoting regulatory T-cell (Treg) development. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight a mechanism through which AML blasts indirectly impede T-cell function via transferred exosomal miR-24-3p. In conclusion, by characterizing the signaling network regulated by individual miRNAs in the leukemic IME, we aimed to discover new nonleukemic immune targets to rescue the potent antitumor function of T cells against AML blasts. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Otmani
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Hematology Department, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, (H.U.B.) Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 90 Meylemeersch Street, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Redouane Rouas
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Hematology Department, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, (H.U.B.) Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 90 Meylemeersch Street, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire Clinique (LTCC), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Krayem
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugues Duvillier
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.) Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mimoune Berehab
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Hematology Department, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, (H.U.B.) Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 90 Meylemeersch Street, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Hematology Department, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, (H.U.B.) Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 90 Meylemeersch Street, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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Luo G, Xu Z, Zhong H, Shao H, Liao H, Liu N, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Ji X. Biodegradable photothermal thermosensitive hydrogels treat osteosarcoma by reprogramming macrophages. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2818-2827. [PMID: 36826467 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01900k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in children and tends to occur around the knee. Problems such as recurrence and metastasis are the outcomes of traditional treatment methods. One of the reasons for these issues is the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Photothermal immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most potent approaches for cancer treatment. In this study, we designed a biodegradable, injectable, and photothermal hydrogel that functions to reprogram TAMs into classically activated macrophages (M1) based on hydroxypropyl chitin (HPCH), tannic acid and ferric ions (HTA). We found that HTA had better photothermal efficiency than a pure hydrogel; its photothermal repeatability is good and it can be NIR (808 nm) irradiated as needed. In addition, the precooled hydrogel solution can be injected into the tumor and it can rapidly gel in situ. In vitro, HTA with NIR irradiation (HTA + NIR) induced the apoptosis of K7M2 cancer cells. In vivo, the local administration of HTA + NIR exerted photothermal killing of primary tumors and reprogramming of TAMs into M1-type macrophages in the TME. Therefore, the injectable photothermally active antitumor hydrogel has great potential for modulating the TME to treat bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Luo
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Ziyang Xu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.566, Congcheng Road, Conghua District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510900, China
| | - Hongwei Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. .,Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 437, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hongyi Liao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Nan Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Xiongfa Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-1911-5p promotes cell migration and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma by down-regulating CELF2 -activated ZBTB4 expression. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:238-247. [PMID: 36730375 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most aggressive, lethal cancers, comprising around 40% of lung cancer cases. Metastases are the primary cause of LUAD deaths. The mechanism underlying metastatic LUAD and tumor microenvironment remain largely unknown. To explore the effect of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes on LUAD progression. Quantitative-PCR (q-PCR) and western blot were used to measure the expression of RNAs and proteins separately. Co-culture experiments wound healing and Transwell invasion assays were performed to evaluate the effect of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes on LUAD cell migration and invasion. RNA pulldown and luciferase reporter, RNA-binding immunoprecipitation (RIP), and mRNA stability assays were conducted to explore the downstream mechanism of exosomal microRNA-1911-5p (miR-1911-5p). M2 macrophage-derived exosomes accelerated the migration and invasion of LUAD cells. M2 macrophages-secreted exosomal miR-1911-5p enhanced cell migration and invasion in LUAD. Mechanically, miR-1911-5p targeted CUGBP- and ETR-3-like family 2 (CELF2) to downregulate zinc finger and BTB domain containing 4 (ZBTB4) in LUAD. Additionally, miR-1911-5p promoted LUAD progression via ZBTB4. The present study demonstrated that M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-1911-5p facilitates the migration and invasion of LUAD cells by inhibiting CELF2-activated ZBTB4, which might offer insight into LUAD treatment.
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10
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Zhou X, Liu Q, Wang X, Yao X, Zhang B, Wu J, Sun C. Exosomal ncRNAs facilitate interactive 'dialogue' between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Cancer Lett 2023; 552:215975. [PMID: 36306940 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As a biological carrier, exosomes participate in the communication between various kinds of cells, and can mediate the interactive 'dialogue' between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are the most abundant cell population in the tumor stroma and are an important part of the tumor immune microenvironment. Various stimulating factors in the tumor microenvironment influence the polarization of TAMs into multiple phenotypes, such as M1 and M2. It plays a dual role in tumor immunity by both promoting and inhibiting tumor growth. Exosome-encapsulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in the interactive 'dialogue' between exosome-mediated TAMs and tumor cells. Tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs can promote macrophage polarization, whereas exosomal ncRNAs derived from TAMs can affect tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance. The present review summarizes the dual effects of exosomal ncRNAs on tumor cells and TAMs, and discusses the application of exosomal ncRNAs as a potential diagnostic or prognostic marker and drug delivery system, to provide a new perspective and potential therapeutic drugs on targeting exosomes and macrophages in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China; College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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11
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Kanao E, Wada S, Nishida H, Kubo T, Tanigawa T, Imami K, Shimoda A, Umezaki K, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K, Adachi J, Otsuka K, Ishihama Y. Classification of Extracellular Vesicles Based on Surface Glycan Structures by Spongy-like Separation Media. Anal Chem 2022; 94:18025-18033. [PMID: 36511577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles that enclose various biomolecules. EVs hold promise as sensitive biomarkers to detect and monitor various diseases. However, they have heterogeneous molecular compositions. The compositions of EVs from identical donor cells obtained using the same purification methods may differ, which is a significant obstacle for elucidating objective biological functions. Herein, the potential of a novel lectin-based affinity chromatography (LAC) method to classify EVs based on their glycan structures is demonstrated. The proposed method utilizes a spongy-like monolithic polymer (spongy monolith, SPM), which consists of poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) with continuous micropores and allows an efficient in situ protein reaction with epoxy groups. Two distinct lectins with different specificities, Sambucus sieboldiana agglutinin and concanavalin A, are effectively immobilized on SPM without impacting the binding activity. Moreover, high recovery rates of liposomal nanoparticles as a model of EVs are achieved due to the large flow-through pores (>10 μm) of SPM compared to a typical agarose gel. Finally, lectin-immobilized SPMs are employed to classify EVs based on the surface glycan structures and demonstrate different subpopulations by proteome profiling. This is the first approach to clarify the variation of protein contents in EVs by the difference of surface glycans via lectin immobilized media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Kanao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka567-0085, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Wada
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishida
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka567-0085, Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Koshi Imami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama332-0012, Japan
| | - Asako Shimoda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Kaori Umezaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka567-0085, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka567-0085, Japan
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12
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Song C, Xu J, Gao C, Zhang W, Fang X, Shang Y. Nanomaterials targeting macrophages in sepsis: A promising approach for sepsis management. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026173. [PMID: 36569932 PMCID: PMC9780679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from dysregulated host responses to infection. Macrophages play significant roles in host against pathogens and the immunopathogenesis of sepsis, such as phagocytosis of pathogens, secretion of cytokines, and phenotype reprogramming. However, the rapid progression of sepsis impairs macrophage function, and conventional antimicrobial and supportive treatment are not sufficient to restore dysregulated macrophages roles. Nanoparticles own unique physicochemical properties, surface functions, localized surface plasmon resonance phenomenon, passive targeting in vivo, good biocompatibility and biodegradability, are accessible for biomedical applications. Once into the body, NPs are recognized by host immune system. Macrophages are phagocytes in innate immunity dedicated to the recognition of foreign substances, including nanoparticles, with which an immune response subsequently occurs. Various design strategies, such as surface functionalization, have been implemented to manipulate the recognition of nanoparticles by monocytes/macrophages, and engulfed by them to regulate their function in sepsis, compensating for the shortcomings of sepsis traditional methods. The review summarizes the mechanism of nanomaterials targeting macrophages and recent advances in nanomedicine targeting macrophages in sepsis, which provides good insight for exploring macrophage-based nano-management in sepsis.
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13
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Wang J, Long R, Han Y. The role of exosomes in the tumour microenvironment on macrophage polarisation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Otmani K, Rouas R, Lewalle P. OncomiRs as noncoding RNAs having functions in cancer: Their role in immune suppression and clinical implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:913951. [PMID: 36189271 PMCID: PMC9523483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, microRNAs have been established as central players in tumorigenesis, but above all, they have opened an important door for our understanding of immune and tumor cell communication. This dialog is largely due to onco-miR transfer from tumor cells to cells of the tumor microenvironment by exosome. This review outlines recent advances regarding the role of oncomiRs in enhancing cancer and how they modulate the cancer-related immune response in the tumor immune microenvironment.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of noncoding RNA that are important posttranscriptional regulators of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation into proteins. By regulating gene expression, miRNAs enhance or inhibit cancer development and participate in several cancer biological processes, including proliferation, invasion metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance and immune escape. Consistent with their widespread effects, miRNAs have been categorized as oncogenes (oncomiRs) or tumor suppressor (TS) miRNAs. MiRNAs that promote tumor growth, called oncomiRs, inhibit messenger RNAs of TS genes and are therefore overexpressed in cancer. In contrast, TS miRNAs inhibit oncogene messenger RNAs and are therefore underexpressed in cancer. Endogenous miRNAs regulate different cellular pathways in all cell types. Therefore, they are not only key modulators in cancer cells but also in the cells constituting their microenvironments. Recently, it was shown that miRNAs are also involved in intercellular communication. Indeed, miRNAs can be transferred from one cell type to another where they regulate targeted gene expression. The primary carriers for the transfer of miRNAs from one cell to another are exosomes. Exosomes are currently considered the primary carriers for communication between the tumor and its surrounding stromal cells to support cancer progression and drive immune suppression. Exosome and miRNAs are seen by many as a hope for developing a new class of targeted therapy. This review outlines recent advances in understanding the role of oncomiRs in enhancing cancer and how they promote its aggressive characteristics and deeply discusses the role of oncomiRs in suppressing the anticancer immune response in its microenvironment. Additionally, further understanding the mechanism of oncomiR-related immune suppression will facilitate the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for impaired antitumor immune function, making them ideal immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Otmani
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Hematology Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Hematology Department, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Khalid Otmani,
| | - Redouane Rouas
- Hematology Department, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Hematological Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Hematology Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Hematology Department, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Hematological Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Liu C, He D, Li L, Zhang S, Wang L, Fan Z, Wang Y. Extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer immune escape: Emerging roles and mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106364. [PMID: 35901939 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal malignancy worldwide due to its delayed diagnosis and limited treatment options. Despite great progress in clinical trials of immunotherapies for various cancers, their effectiveness in PC is very low, indicating that immune evasion is still a major obstacle to immunotherapy in PC. However, the mechanism of immune escape in PC is not fully understood, which substantially restricts the development of immunotherapy. As an important component of intercellular communication networks, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted increasing attention in relation to immune escape. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the roles of EVs in tumor immune escape and the potential to expand their application in cancer immunotherapy. The relationship between PC and the tumor immune microenvironment is briefly introduced. Then, the mechanism by which EVs are involved in immune regulation is summarized, and the latest progress in determining the role of EVs in regulating PC immune escape is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Dongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tai Zhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
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16
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Ashraf S, Qadri S, Akbar S, Parray A, Haik Y. Biogenesis of Exosomes Laden with Metallic Silver-Copper Nanoparticles Liaised by Wheat Germ Agglutinin for Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics to Breast Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200005. [PMID: 35398976 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer property of silver-copper metallic nanoparticles (AgCu-NPs) is of greater interest in cancer therapeutics; however, its off-target toxicity limits its therapeutic application. Exosomes emerge as one of the leading idiosyncratic nanocarrier choices for cancer therapeutics due to their size, stability, and phenotypic diversity; however, to encapsulate NPs in extracellular vesicles (EVs) without disrupting their inherited functions is far from the expectations. Here, the loading strategy of AgCu-NP conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (AgCu-NP-WGA) in exosomes during biogenesis for the targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics to breast cancer is reported. Based on the intrinsic mechanism of endocytosis of WGA, results show that internalization of WGA or AgCu-NP-WGA bypasses the lysosomal pathway and recycles in EVs. On the contrary, the transport of naked AgCu-NPs to lysosomes; mechanistically, an acidic environment causes oxidation of AgCu-NP. Next, the analysis of EVs harvested by differential centrifugation shows that only AgCu-NPs-WGA (Exo-NP) retain their metallic state. Furthermore, Exo-NP cytotoxicity results manifest that MCF10A-derived Exo-NPs are toxic to its homologous breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231) and nontoxic to heterologous cancers NC1-1975 and MCF 10A. In conclusion, this study shows the self-assembly of AgCu-NP in exosomes to target and deliver therapeutics for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmadia Ashraf
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education city - Gate 8, Ar-Rayan, Qatar
| | - Shahnaz Qadri
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education city - Gate 8, Ar-Rayan, Qatar
| | - Shayista Akbar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education city - Gate 8, Ar-Rayan, Qatar
| | - Aijaz Parray
- The Stroke Program, The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Medical City, Bldg. 320, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yousef Haik
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, 700 University Blvd, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA
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17
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He J, Xi N, Han Z, Luo W, Shen J, Wang S, Li J, Guo Z, Cheng H. The Role of Liquid Biopsy Analytes in Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:875442. [PMID: 35846270 PMCID: PMC9279561 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.875442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract worldwide and is a serious threat to human life and health. CRC occurs and develops in a multi-step, multi-stage, and multi-gene process, in which abnormal gene expression plays an important role. CRC is currently diagnosed via endoscopy combined with tissue biopsy. Compared with tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy technology has received increasingly more attention and applications in the field of molecular detection due to its non-invasive, safe, comprehensive, and real-time dynamic nature. This review article discusses the application and limitations of current liquid biopsy analytes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CRC, as well as directions for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinHua He
- Central Laboratory of Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - NaiTe Xi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZePing Han
- Central Laboratory of Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - WenFeng Luo
- Central Laboratory of Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Central Laboratory of Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - ShengBo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - JianHao Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZhongHui Guo
- Central Laboratory of Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - HanWei Cheng
- Central Laboratory of Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Gao J, Liang Y, Wang L. Shaping Polarization Of Tumor-Associated Macrophages In Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888713. [PMID: 35844605 PMCID: PMC9280632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Different stimuli can polarize macrophages into two basic types, M1 and M2. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are composed of heterogeneous subpopulations, which include the M1 anti-tumor and M2 pro-tumor phenotypes. TAMs predominantly play a M2-like tumor-promoting role in the TME and regulate various malignant effects, such as angiogenesis, immune suppression, and tumor metastasis; hence, TAMs have emerged as a hot topic of research in cancer therapy. This review focuses on three main aspects of TAMs. First, we summarize macrophage polarization along with the effects on the TME. Second, recent advances and challenges in cancer treatment and the role of M2-like TAMs in immune checkpoint blockade and CAR-T cell therapy are emphasized. Finally, factors, such as signaling pathways, associated with TAM polarization and potential strategies for targeting TAM repolarization to the M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype for cancer therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzheng Liang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Wang,
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19
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Zhang L, Zhao Q, Cang H, Wang Z, Hu X, Pan R, Yang Y, Chen Y. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Educate Mesenchymal Stromal Cells toward an Adipogenic Differentiation Propensity with Leukemia Promotion Capabilities. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:2105811. [PMID: 35686138 PMCID: PMC9165478 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are essential elements of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, which have been widely implicated in pathways that contribute to leukemia growth and resistance. Recent reports showed genotypic and phenotypic alterations in leukemia patient-derived MSCs, indicating that MSCs might be educated/reprogrammed. However, the results have been inconclusive, possibly due to the heterogeneity of leukemia. Here, the authors report that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induces MSCs towards an adipogenic differentiation propensity. RNAseq analysis reveal significant upregulation of gene expression enriched in the adipocyte differentiation process and reduction in osteoblast differentiation. The alteration is accompanied by a metabolic switch from glycolysis to a more oxidative phosphorylation-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies identify that AML cell-derived exosomes play a vital role during the AML cell-mediated MSCs education/reprogramming process. Pre-administration of mice BM microenvironment with AML-derived exosomes greatly enhance leukemia engraftment in vivo. The quantitative proteomic analysis identified a list of exosomal protein components that are differently expressed in AML-derived exosomes, which represent an opportunity for novel therapeutic strategies based on the targeting of exosome-based AML cells-MSCs communication. Collectively, the data show that AML-educated MSCs tend to differentiate into adipocytes contributing to disease progression, which suggests complex interactions of leukemia with microenvironment components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwen Zhang
- Department of Genetics, and Department of Genetic and Metabolic DiseaseThe Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouZhejiang310052China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersInstitute of Genetics, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Department of Genetics, and Department of Genetic and Metabolic DiseaseThe Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouZhejiang310052China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersInstitute of Genetics, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Hui Cang
- Department of Genetics, and Department of Genetic and Metabolic DiseaseThe Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouZhejiang310052China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersInstitute of Genetics, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Department of Genetics, and Department of Genetic and Metabolic DiseaseThe Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouZhejiang310052China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersInstitute of Genetics, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Xiaojia Hu
- Department of Genetics, and Department of Genetic and Metabolic DiseaseThe Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouZhejiang310052China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersInstitute of Genetics, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Ruolang Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell‐Based Drug and Applied Technology DevelopmentInstitute for Cell‐Based Drug Development of Zhejiang ProvinceS‐Evans BiosciencesHangzhouZhejiang310023China
| | - Yang Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310004China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Genetics, and Department of Genetic and Metabolic DiseaseThe Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouZhejiang310052China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersInstitute of Genetics, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
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20
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Hazrati A, Soudi S, Malekpour K, Mahmoudi M, Rahimi A, Hashemi SM, Varma RS. Immune cells-derived exosomes function as a double-edged sword: role in disease progression and their therapeutic applications. Biomark Res 2022; 10:30. [PMID: 35550636 PMCID: PMC9102350 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm as identified initially via electron microscopy in 1946, are one of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by many cells and have been the subject of many studies; initially, they were considered as cell wastes with the belief that cells produced exosomes to maintain homeostasis. Nowadays, it has been found that EVs secreted by different cells play a vital role in cellular communication and are usually secreted in both physiological and pathological conditions. Due to the presence of different markers and ligands on the surface of exosomes, they have paracrine, endocrine and autocrine effects in some cases. Immune cells, like other cells, can secrete exosomes that interact with surrounding cells via these vesicles. Immune system cells-derived exosomes (IEXs) induce different responses, such as increasing and decreasing the transcription of various genes and regulating cytokine production. This review deliberate the function of innate and acquired immune cells derived exosomes, their role in the pathogenesis of immune diseases, and their therapeutic appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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21
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Li Y, Zhao W, Wang Y, Wang H, Liu S. Extracellular vesicle-mediated crosstalk between pancreatic cancer and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:208. [PMID: 35501802 PMCID: PMC9063273 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) interacts closely with the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is remodeled by crosstalk between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells, and is critical for cancer progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, help facilitate an exchange of information both within the TME and to distant organs. EVs have also been identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and drug carriers for pancreatic cancer treatment. Thus, understanding the selective packaging of EVs cargo and its mechanistic impact will increase our understanding of cancer biology. In this review, we collect and analyze recent findings of the pancreatic cancer-stromal cell interactions mediated by EVs and the mechanisms involved in cancer-related immunity and chemoresistance. These studies demonstrate the vital role of EVs in pancreatic cancer reprogramming and TME remodeling. We also summarize the EVs identified as potential PDAC diagnostic biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets. This greater understanding is a promising avenue for transitioning EVs from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanglong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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22
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Tao L, Li D, Mu S, Tian G, Yan G. LncRNA MAPKAPK5_AS1 facilitates cell proliferation in hepatitis B virus -related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:494-504. [PMID: 35264707 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the biological role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MAPKAPK5_AS1 (MAAS) and the mechanism of its differential expression in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Differentially expressed lncRNAs in HBV-related HCC were determined using bioinformatics analysis. Gain-of-function experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of MAAS on cell proliferation. A xenograft model was established for in vivo experiments. Dual-luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. MAAS was upregulated in HBV-related HCC cancerous tissues and its high expression was closely related to the poor survival probability of patients. Functional assays revealed that MAAS overexpression facilitated the proliferation of HBV+HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MAAS promoted the MYC proto-oncogene (c-Myc)-induced transcriptional activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), CDK6, and S-phase kinase associated protein 2 via stabilizing c-Myc protein, thereby facilitating G1/S transition. The latter contributed to the paradoxical proliferation of HBV+HCC cells. Although MAAS was upregulated in HBV-related HCC cancerous tissues, it was highly expressed in M2 macrophages, a major phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages in HBV-related HCC, instead of in HBV+HCC cells. HBeAg, an HBV-associated antigen, further elevated the MAAS level in M2 macrophages by enhancing the methyltransferase-like 3-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of MAAS. The increased MAAS in the M2 macrophages was then transferred to HBV+HCC cells through the M2 macrophage-derived exosomes, promoting cell proliferation. Our findings show that HBV+HCC cell-secreted HBeAg upregulates MAAS expression in M2 macrophages by affecting its m6A modification. The upregulated MAAS is then transferred to HBV+HCC cells via exosomes, facilitating the proliferation of HBV+HCC cells by targeting c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyuan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China. .,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China. .,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Sengmao Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Guanjing Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Guoyi Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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M1 macrophage-derived exosomes and their key molecule lncRNA HOTTIP suppress head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression by upregulating the TLR5/NF-κB pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:183. [PMID: 35210436 PMCID: PMC8873565 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes serve as a crucial mode of communication between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer cells. This study attempted to explore the function of M1-derived exosomes and clarify their specific mechanism in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Moreover, the functional roles of M1-derived exosomes and their key molecule long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP) in HNSCC were investigated by conducting a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. The dual-luciferase test was utilized to clarify the binding capacities between HOTTIP/mRNA and miRNAs. Accordingly, HOTTIP was found to be upregulated in M1-derived exosomes. Meanwhile, the in vitro experiments indicated that M1 exosomes suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion but induced apoptosis of cancer cells. This function was noted to be enhanced by HOTTIP-overexpressed M1 exosomes but was weakened by HOTTIP-knockdown ones, indicating that HOTTIP serves as a key molecule in M1 exosomes. Therefore, the function of HOTTIP in cancer cells was explored, for which overexpression of HOTTIP was found to inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion but induced apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro. A mechanism study further showed that M1 exosomes and HOTTIP activated the TLR5/NF-κB signaling pathway by competitively sponging miR-19a-3p and miR-19b-3p. Furthermore, cancer cells expressing HOTTIP were noted to induce the polarization of both local M1 and M2 macrophages; however, M1 exosomes were observed to reprogram local TAMs into M1 macrophages. More importantly, both cancer cells expressing HOTTIP and M1 exosomes reeducated circulating monocytes to express the M1 phenotype. The corresponding data demonstrated that the M1 exosomal lncRNA HOTTIP suppresses HNSCC progression by upregulating the TLR5/NF-κB signaling pathway through competitively sponging miR-19a-3p and miR-19b-3p. In particular, M1 exosomes and HOTTIP induce the polarization of M1 in circulating monocytes, thus providing novel insight into HNSCC immunotherapy.
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The role of exosomal miR-181b in the crosstalk between NSCLC cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1243-1258. [PMID: 35150402 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) participate in modulating the progression of cancer in the tumor microenvironment. However, the crosstalk between TAMs and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether NSCLC-derived exosomes could affect TAMs, which feedback modulated progression of NSCLC. METHODS MiR-181b expression was measured by RT-PCR. Human THP-1 monocyte was differentiated into macrophages with phorbol myristate acetate, which were further identified by transmission electron microscopy and western blot. Macrophage M1 and M2 polarizations were detected by flow cytometry, RT-PCR and western blot. Proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells treated with conditioned mediums were detected by EdU and Transwell assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that miR-181b was up-regulated in exosomes derived from NSCLC patients' serum and NSCLC cells. MiR-181b could be transferred to macrophages via exosomes in the co-culture system of macrophages and NSCLC cells, which promoted macrophage M2 polarization. Further examinations revealed that exosomes derived from NSCLC cells could enhanced macrophage M2 polarizations by regulating miR-181b/JAK2/STAT3 axis, and silencing miR-181b in NSCLC cells and JAK2 inhibitor used in macrophages could reverse the effects. Importantly, the conditioned medium of macrophages treated with NSCLC cell-derived exosomes could promote NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Silencing miR-181b in NSCLC cells and JAK2 inhibitor used in macrophages could block the effects. CONCLUSIONS All of these results indicated that exosomal miR-181b participated in the crosstalk between NSCLC cells and TAMs, providing potential therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
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Sun Z, Chen J, Chen G, Zhang C, Li C. Recent advances of engineered and artificial drug delivery system towards solid tumor based on immune cells. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35042206 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac4c8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Precise drug delivery in cancer treatment is a long-standing concern of modern medicine. Compared with traditional molecular medicines and nano-medicines, emerging cell-based biomimetic delivery strategies display numerous merits, including successive biological functions, innate biocompatibility and superior security since they originate from living organisms, providing a very promising approach. Among them, immune cells receive increasing attention because of their inherent ability in tumor resistance, pathogen elimination, and other significant physiological functions. Herein, we investigated the recent advances on immune cell-based high efficient delivery and therapeutic strategies in solid tumor treatment, mainly focus on T cells, NK cells and macrophages, which have been used as drug cargos directly or provided membrane/exosomes as nanoscale drug delivery systems. We also discuss the further potential applications and perspective of this innovative strategy, as well as the predictable challenges in forward exploration in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Sun
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, CHINA
| | - Jingtong Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, CHINA
| | - Guangcun Chen
- Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, CHINA
| | - Can Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, CHINA
| | - Chunyan Li
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, CHINA
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26
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Li J, Zhang G, Liu CG, Xiang X, Le MT, Sethi G, Wang L, Goh BC, Ma Z. The potential role of exosomal circRNAs in the tumor microenvironment: insights into cancer diagnosis and therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:87-104. [PMID: 34987636 PMCID: PMC8690929 DOI: 10.7150/thno.64096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are multifunctional regulators of intercellular communication by carrying various messages under both physiological and pathological status of cancer patients. Accumulating studies have identified the presence of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in exosomes with crucial regulatory roles in diverse pathophysiological processes. Exosomal circRNAs derived from donor cells can modulate crosstalk with recipient cells locally or remotely to enhance cancer development and propagation, and play crucial roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to significant enhancement of tumor immunity, metabolism, angiogenesis, drug resistance, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis. In this review, we describe the advances of exosomal circRNAs and their roles in modulating cancer hallmarks, especially those in the TME. Moreover, clinical application potential of exosomal circRNAs in cancer diagnosis and therapy are highlighted, bridging the gap between basic knowledge and clinical practice.
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Huang C, Liu Z, Chen M, Du L, Liu C, Wang S, Zheng Y, Liu W. Tumor-derived biomimetic nanozyme with immune evasion ability for synergistically enhanced low dose radiotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:457. [PMID: 34963466 PMCID: PMC8715603 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High doses of radiation can cause serious side effects and efficient radiosensitizers are urgently needed. To overcome this problem, we developed a biomimetic nanozyme system (CF) by coating pyrite (FeS2) into tumor-derived exosomes for enhanced low-dose radiotherapy (RT). CF system give FeS2 with immune escape and homologous targeting abilities. After administration, CF with both glutathione oxidase (GSH-OXD) and peroxidase (POD) activities can significantly lower the content of GSH in tumor tissues and catalyze intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce a large amount of ·OH for intracellular redox homeostasis disruption and mitochondria destruction, thus reducing RT resistance. Experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that combining CF with RT (2 Gy) can provide a substantial suppression of tumor proliferation. This is the first attempt to use exosomes bionic FeS2 nanozyme for realizing low-dose RT, which broaden the prospects of nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeming Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Mingzhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Du
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunping Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Shuntao Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Yongfa Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
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Qiu Y, Chen T, Hu R, Zhu R, Li C, Ruan Y, Xie X, Li Y. Next frontier in tumor immunotherapy: macrophage-mediated immune evasion. Biomark Res 2021; 9:72. [PMID: 34625124 PMCID: PMC8501632 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), at the core of immunosuppressive cells and cytokines networks, play a crucial role in tumor immune evasion. Increasing evidences suggest that potential mechanisms of macrophage-mediated tumor immune escape imply interpretation and breakthrough to bottleneck of current tumor immunotherapy. Therefore, it is pivotal to understand the interactions between macrophages and other immune cells and factors for enhancing existing anti-cancer treatments. In this review, we focus on the specific signaling pathways through which TAMs involve in tumor antigen recognition disorders, recruitment and function of immunosuppressive cells, secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, crosstalk with immune checkpoints and formation of immune privileged sites. Furthermore, we summarize correlative pre-clinical and clinical studies to provide new ideas for immunotherapy. From our perspective, macrophage-targeted therapy is expected to be the next frontier of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 GuangzhongDadaoBei, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyi Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 GuangzhongDadaoBei, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Chujun Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 GuangzhongDadaoBei, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yingchen Ruan
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 GuangzhongDadaoBei, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Xie
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528308, China.
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China. .,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, P. R. China.
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Sun X, Su F, Luo X, Ning Y. The Use of Bionic Prodrugs for the Enhancement of Low Dose Radiotherapy. Front Chem 2021; 9:710250. [PMID: 34458237 PMCID: PMC8387205 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.710250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a standard treatment strategy for many cancer types, but the need to frequently apply high doses of ionizing radiation in order to achieve therapeutic efficacy can cause severe harm to healthy tissues, leading to adverse patient outcomes. In an effort to minimize these toxic side effects, we herein sought to design a novel approach to the low-dose RT treatment of hypoxic tumors using a Tirapazamine (TPZ)-loaded exosome (EXO) nanoplatform (MT). This MT platform was synthesized via loading EXOs with TPZ, which is a prodrug that is activated when exposed to hypoxic conditions. MT application was able to achieve effective tumor inhibition at a relatively low RT dose (2 Gy) that was superior to standard high-dose (6 Gy) RT treatment with specific targeting to the hypoxic region of tumor. RT-mediated oxygen consumption further aggravated hypoxic conditions to improve TPZ activation and treatment efficacy. Together, our findings demonstrate the clinical promise of this MT platform as a novel tool for the efficient radiosensitization and treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangming Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxia Ning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Wang H, Yung MMH, Ngan HYS, Chan KKL, Chan DW. The Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on Macrophage Polarization in Cancer Metastatic Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126560. [PMID: 34207286 PMCID: PMC8235734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rather than primary solid tumors, metastasis is one of the hallmarks of most cancer deaths. Metastasis is a multistage event in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor survive in the circulation and disseminate to distant sites. According to Stephen Paget’s “Seed and Soil” hypothesis, metastatic capacity is determined not only by the internal oncogenic driving force but also by the external environment of tumor cells. Throughout the body, macrophages are required for maintaining tissue homeostasis, even in the tumor milieu. To fulfill these multiple functions, macrophages are polarized from the inflammation status (M1-like) to anti-inflammation status (M2-like) to maintain the balance between inflammation and regeneration. However, tumor cell-enforced tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) (a high M2/M1 ratio status) are associated with poor prognosis for most solid tumors, such as ovarian cancer. In fact, clinical evidence has verified that TAMs, representing up to 50% of the tumor mass, exert both protumor and immunosuppressive effects in promoting tumor metastasis through secretion of interleukin 10 (IL10), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and VEGF, expression of PD-1 and consumption of arginine to inhibit T cell anti-tumor function. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment favors reprogramming of macrophages to TAMs to establish a premetastatic niche remain controversial. In this review, we examine the latest investigations of TAMs during tumor development, the microenvironmental factors involved in macrophage polarization, and the mechanisms of TAM-mediated tumor metastasis. We hope to dissect the critical roles of TAMs in tumor metastasis, and the potential applications of TAM-targeted therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment are discussed.
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31
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Zhu D, Liu Z, Li Y, Huang Q, Xia L, Li K. Delivery of manganese carbonyl to the tumor microenvironment using Tumor-Derived exosomes for cancer gas therapy and low dose radiotherapy. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120894. [PMID: 34029916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel radiosensitizer with high selectivity and controllability is highly desirable. CO gas could cause damage to mitochondria and thus enhance RT effect. Controlled delivery of CO in tumor is important both to achieve high-efficiency of CO gas therapy and to decrease the risk of CO poisoning. In this study, manganese carbonyl (MnCO) loaded exosome nano-vesicles (MMV) to overcome this conundrum for tumor therapy is developed. After administration, MMV showed its admirable performance in active tumor-targeting, mitochondria damage and radiosensitization therapy. These MMV nanoparticles were able to facilitate robust CO evolution and consequent ROS generation in response to X-ray irradiation both in vitro and in vivo. Significantly, MMV could facilitate a 90% inhibition effect of tumor growth under very low dose (only 2Gy) RT, which is better than high dose (6Gy) radiotherapy. Overall, this study highlights a novel and practical approach to enhancing the efficacy of tumor RT, underscoring the value of future research in the field of CO medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoming Zhu
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Zeming Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinqin Huang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Ligang Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaiyang Li
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Li T, Lin L, Liu Q, Gao W, Chen L, Sha C, Chen Q, Xu W, Li Y, Zhu X. Exosomal transfer of miR-429 confers chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2124-2141. [PMID: 34094673 PMCID: PMC8167704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of multidrug resistance during chemotherapy is the main obstacle for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) treatment. Exosomal transfer of carcinogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) might strengthen chemoresistance in recipient cells. Here, we identified through microarray analysis higher miR-429 expression in multidrug-resistant SKOV3 cells and their secreted exosomes (SKOV3-EXO) than in sensitive A2780 cells and their secreted exosomes. SKOV3-derived exosomes were internalized by A2780 cells, which permitted the transfer of miR-429. Exosomal miR-429 enhanced the proliferation and drug resistance of A2780 cells by targeting calcium-sensing receptor (CASR)/STAT3 pathway in vitro and in vivo. In addition, NF-κB-p65 was predicted to bind to the miR-429 promoter region, and the inhibition of NF-κB reduced the expression of miR-429 and led to the sensitivity of EOC cells. Consistently, A2780 cells co-incubated with SKOV3 pretreated with an NF-κB inhibitor or miR-429 antagomir showed sensitivity to cisplatin and exhibited attenuated cell proliferation. Based on our data, exosomal miR-429 functions as a primary regulator of the chemoresistance and malignant phenotypes of EOC by targeting CASR through a mechanism promoted by NF-κB and might be a therapeutic target for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoqiong Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Li Lin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityKunshan, China
| | - Wujiang Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Chunli Sha
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Wenlin Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
- International Genome Center of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
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Abstract
Cancer accounted for 16% of all death worldwide in 2018. Significant progress has been made in understanding tumor occurrence, progression, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis at the molecular level. However, genomics changes cannot truly reflect the state of protein activity in the body due to the poor correlation between genes and proteins. Quantitative proteomics, capable of quantifying the relatively different protein abundance in cancer patients, has been increasingly adopted in cancer research. Quantitative proteomics has great application potentials, including cancer diagnosis, personalized therapeutic drug selection, real-time therapeutic effects and toxicity evaluation, prognosis and drug resistance evaluation, and new therapeutic target discovery. In this review, the development, testing samples, and detection methods of quantitative proteomics are introduced. The biomarkers identified by quantitative proteomics for clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and drug resistance are reviewed. The challenges and prospects of quantitative proteomics for personalized medicine are also discussed.
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Hong P, Xu X, Hu X, Yang H, Wu Y, Chen J, Li K, Tang Z. Therapeutic potential of small extracellular vesicles derived from lipoma tissue in adipose tissue regeneration-an in vitro and in vivo study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:222. [PMID: 33789709 PMCID: PMC8011093 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the adipogenic effects of the small extracellular vesicles derived from the lipoma tissues (sEV-LT), and to find a new cell-free therapeutic approach for adipose tissue regeneration. METHODS Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and small extracellular vesicles derived from the adipose tissues (sEV-AT) were isolated from human adipose tissue, while sEV-LT were isolated from human lipomatous tissue. ADSCs were characterized by using flow cytometric analysis and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation assays. sEV was identified by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking, and western blotting. ADSCs were treated with sEV-LT and sEV-AT, respectively. Fluorescence confocal microscopy was used to investigate whether sEV-LT and sEV-AT could be taken by ADSCs. The proliferation and migration abilities and adipogenic differentiation assay of ADSCs were evaluated by CCK-8 assays, scratch test, and oil red O staining test, and the expression levels of adipogenic-related genes C/EBP-δ, PPARγ2, and Adiponectin in ADSCs were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). The sEV-LT and sEV-AT transplantation tubes were implanted subcutaneously in SD rats, and the neotissues were qualitatively and histologically evaluated at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after transplantation. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was subsequently used to observe and compare the adipogenesis and angiogenesis in neotissues, while immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression and the distribution of C/EBP-α, PPARγ, Adiponectin, and CD31 at the 4th week. RESULTS The in vitro experiments showed that both sEV-LT and sEV-AT could be taken up by ADSCs via endocytosis. The scratch experiment and CCK-8 experiment showed that the migration area and proliferation number of ADSCs in sEV-LT group and sEV-AT group were significantly higher than those in the non-sEV group (p < 0.05). Compared with sEV-AT group, sEV-LT group had larger migration area and proliferation number of ADSCs (p < 0.05). Oil red O staining and RT-PCR experiments showed that, compared with the non-sEVs group, the lipid droplets and the mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes PPARγ2 and Adiponectin of ADSCs in sEV-LT group and sEV-AT group were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05); however, there was no statistical significance in the expression level of C/EBP-δ (p > 0.05). In addition, no significant difference in the amount of lipid droplets and adipogenesis-related genes between the sEV-LT groups and sEV-AT was seen (p > 0.05). At 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the adipocyte area and the number of capillaries in neotissues in the sEV-LT groups and sEV-AT groups were significantly increased compared with the Matrigel group (p < 0.05); however, there was no dramatic difference between sEV-LT groups and sEV-AT groups (p > 0.05). At the 4th week, neotissues in the sEV-LT groups and sEV-AT groups all showed upregulated expression of C/EBP-α, PPARγ, Adiponectin, and CD31 protein, while neotissues in the Matrigel group only showed positive expression of CD31 protein. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that sEV-LT exerted promotion effects on adipose tissue regeneration by accelerating the proliferation, migration, and adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro and recruiting adipocytes and promoting angiogenesis in vivo. The sEV-LT could serve as an alternative cell-free therapeutic strategy for generating adipose tissue, thus providing a promising application prospect in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Hong
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Gil Z, Billan S. Crosstalk between Macrophages and Endothelial Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Ther 2021; 29:895-896. [PMID: 33600771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Gil
- The Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research of the Clinical Research Institute, The Head and Neck Center, Rambam Health Care Campus/Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Salem Billan
- Radiation Oncology Institute, The Head and Neck Center, The Clinical Research Institute at Rambam Healthcare Campus, Rappaport Institute of Medicine and Research, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Ma YS, Yang XL, Xin R, Liu JB, Fu D. Power and promise of exosomes as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic vectors for liquid biopsy and cancer control. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188497. [PMID: 33370570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, microvesicles derived from the nuclear endosome and plasma membrane, can be released into the extracellular environment to act as mediators between the cell membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, lipids, or RNA. Exosomes are considered effective carriers of intercellular signals in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, because of their ability to efficiently transfer proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cellular compartments. Since the 2007 discovery that exosomes carry bioactive substances, exosomes have been intensively researched. In various physiological and pathological processes, exosomes play important biological roles by specifically combining with receptor cells and transmitting information. Their stable biological characteristics, diversity of contents, non-invasiveness path for introducing signaling molecules, and ability for rapid detection make exosomes a promising clinical diagnostic marker for potentially many pathological conditions, including cancers. Exosomes are not only considered biomarkers and prognostic disease factors, but also have potential as gene carriers and drug delivery vectors, and have important clinical significance and application potential in the fields of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shui Ma
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rui Xin
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Luo ZW, Liu PP, Wang ZX, Chen CY, Xie H. Macrophages in Osteosarcoma Immune Microenvironment: Implications for Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:586580. [PMID: 33363016 PMCID: PMC7758531 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.586580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor commonly occurring in children and adolescents. The treatment of local osteosarcoma is mainly based on surgical resection and chemotherapy, whereas the improvement of overall survival remains stagnant, especially in recurrent or metastatic cases. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, and macrophages are among the most abundant immune cells in the TME. Due to their vital roles in tumor progression, macrophages have gained increasing attention as the new target of tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we present a brief overview of macrophages in the TME and highlight the clinical significance of macrophages and their roles in the initiation and progression of osteosarcoma. Finally, we summarize the therapeutic approaches targeting macrophage, which represent a promising strategy in osteosarcoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan-Pan Liu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Broxmeyer HE, Liu Y, Kapur R, Orschell CM, Aljoufi A, Ropa JP, Trinh T, Burns S, Capitano ML. Fate of Hematopoiesis During Aging. What Do We Really Know, and What are its Implications? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1020-1048. [PMID: 33145673 PMCID: PMC7609374 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing shift in demographics such that older persons will outnumber young persons in the coming years, and with it age-associated tissue attrition and increased diseases and disorders. There has been increased information on the association of the aging process with dysregulation of hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor (HPC) cells, and hematopoiesis. This review provides an extensive up-to date summary on the literature of aged hematopoiesis and HSCs placed in context of potential artifacts of the collection and processing procedure, that may not be totally representative of the status of HSCs in their in vivo bone marrow microenvironment, and what the implications of this are for understanding aged hematopoiesis. This review covers a number of interactive areas, many of which have not been adequately explored. There are still many unknowns and mechanistic insights to be elucidated to better understand effects of aging on the hematopoietic system, efforts that will take multidisciplinary approaches, and that could lead to means to ameliorate at least some of the dysregulation of HSCs and HPCs associated with the aging process. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arafat Aljoufi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - James P Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Thao Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Sarah Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA.
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Zhu L, Sun HT, Wang S, Huang SL, Zheng Y, Wang CQ, Hu BY, Qin W, Zou TT, Fu Y, Shen XT, Zhu WW, Geng Y, Lu L, Jia HL, Qin LX, Dong QZ. Isolation and characterization of exosomes for cancer research. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:152. [PMID: 33168028 PMCID: PMC7652679 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that carry specific combinations of proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids. Mounting evidence suggests that exosomes participate in intercellular communication and act as important molecular vehicles in the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes, including cancer development. Exosomes are released by various cell types under both normal and pathological conditions, and they can be found in multiple bodily fluids. Moreover, exosomes carrying a wide variety of important macromolecules provide a window into altered cellular or tissue states. Their presence in biological fluids renders them an attractive, minimally invasive approach for liquid biopsies with potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prediction, and surveillance. Due to their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, exosomes have potential clinical applications in the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize recent advances in various technologies for exosome isolation for cancer research. We outline the functions of exosomes in regulating tumor metastasis, drug resistance, and immune modulation in the context of cancer development. Finally, we discuss prospects and challenges for the clinical development of exosome-based liquid biopsies and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hao-Ting Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Huang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chao-Qun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bei-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wen-Wei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hu-Liang Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Li S, Wang X. The potential roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3354-3365. [PMID: 33044018 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, it is difficult to efficaciously screen and diagnose osteosarcoma (OS) in advance due to the low sensitivity and poor specificity of the existing tumor markers. Exosomes (Exos) are nanoscale vesicles containing RNAs, lipids, and proteins with a diameter of 30-100 nm. They are multivesicular bodies formed during the invagination of lysosomal particles in cells and released extracellularly after fusing with cell membranes. Besides, Exos are important carriers of cell-to-cell communication signals and genetic materials in the tumor microenvironment. During tumorigenesis, the tumor cells interplay with immune cells, endothelial cells, and related fibroblasts through Exos and boost cancer development. After altering the surrounding microenvironment, the Exos drive tumor cells to proliferate, speed up angiogenesis, and boost cancers to develop along with body fluid transportation. Currently, Exos are becoming novel noninvasive tumor diagnostic markers with high sensitivity, exerting pivotal impacts in fundamental research and clinical applications. Here, we review the existing literature on the roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in OS progression and their potential clinical applications as novel biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,School of Fundamental Sciences, Center of 3D Printing and Organ Manufacturing, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Center of 3D Printing and Organ Manufacturing, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Organ Manufacturing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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