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Sağlam H, Turan N. Investigation of nursing students' addiction to digital game play and associated factors. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:563. [PMID: 39148073 PMCID: PMC11325754 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS It was conducted to investigate digital gaming addiction among nursing students and the associated factors of such addiction. METHODS The descriptive and relationship-seeking study's universe included 1665 nursing students in three universities' nursing faculties and departments. The sample size was determined to be 774 based on a power analysis with a type I error rate of 0.05, a power of the test of 0.80 (α = 0.05, 1-β = 0.80), and an effect size of d = 0.10. Student Information Form, The Digital Game Addiction Scale (DGAS-7), and the Digital Game Playing Motivation Scale (DGPMS) were used to collect student information. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Spearman correlation, and Binary Logistic Regression Model. RESULTS It was found that 83.7% of the students were female, and the mean age and BMI were 20.03 ± 1.72 years and 21.98 ± 2.90 kg/m2, respectively. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the students' Digital Game Addiction Scale and Digital Game Playing Motivation Scale Achievement and Energizing (r = 0.717), Curiosity and Social Acceptance (r = 0.612), and Uncertainty in Game Desire (r = -0.110) sub-dimensions mean scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between nursing students' digital game addiction, game playing motivation, and several individual characteristics affecting digital games was found. The study's results call for further research to focus on developing and testing interventions that could effectively reduce gaming addiction while enhancing positive aspects of digital engagement among nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Sağlam
- Graduate Education Institute, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcılar Kampüsü, Istanbul, 34320, Türkiye
| | - Nuray Turan
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University, Süleymaniye Mahallesi Bozdoğan Kemer Caddesi Prof. Dr. Cahit Orhan Tütengil Sokak No:1, Istanbul, 34116, Turkey.
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Murray MA, Obeid N, Gunnell KE, Buchholz A, Flament MF, Goldfield GS. Appearance satisfaction mediates the relationship between recreational screen time and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2023; 28:12-21. [PMID: 35848615 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests there is an association between high levels of recreational screen time and depression among adolescents; however, mechanisms driving this association remain unknown. The present study examined appearance and weight satisfaction and disordered eating behaviors as mediators in the relationship between recreational screen time and depressive symptoms in adolescents. METHOD Longitudinal data on screen time, depressive symptoms, disordered eating behaviors, and appearance and weight satisfaction from 304 adolescents (194 females, Mage = 13.40) were analyzed through a moment structure model. RESULTS Results revealed appearance dissatisfaction mediated the direct effect of recreational screen time on depressive symptoms (Estimate = 0.48, SE = .18, 95% CI [0.12, 0.84]), and that recreational screen time was significantly related to lower appearance satisfaction (Estimate = -0.06, SE = .02, 95% CI [-0.10, -0.01]), which was significantly predictive of more severe depressive symptoms (Estimate = -1.49, SE = .62, 95% CI [-2.71, -0.28]). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that modulating screen time may be an efficacious strategy to reduce appearance dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Obeid
- Eating Disorders Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katie E Gunnell
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Annick Buchholz
- Centre for Healthy Active Living, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martine F Flament
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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3
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Goldfield GS, Walsh J, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Hadjiyannakis S, De Lisio M, Ngu M, Prud’homme D, Alberga AS, Doucette S, Goldfield DB, Cameron JD. Associations of the BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism With Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Energy Intake in Youth With Obesity: Findings From the HEARTY Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:715330. [PMID: 34867148 PMCID: PMC8633533 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.715330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is functionally related to BDNF, and is associated with obesity and metabolic complications in adults, but limited research exists among adolescents. This study comparatively examined carriers and non-carriers of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on body composition, energy intake, and cardiometabolic profile among adolescents with obesity. The sample consisted of 187 adolescents with obesity; 99 were carriers of the homozygous Val (G/G) alleles and 88 were carriers of the Val/Met (G/A) or Met (A/A) alleles. Cardiometabolic profile and DNA were quantified from fasted blood samples. Body composition was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared to carriers of the homozygous Val (G/G) allele, carriers of the Val/Met (G/A) or Met/Met (A/A) variants exhibited significantly higher protein (p = 0.01) and fat (p = 0.05) intake, C-Reactive protein (p = 0.05), and a trend toward higher overall energy intake (p = 0.07), fat-free mass (p = 0.07), and lower HDL-C (p = 0.07) Results showed for the first time that among youth with obesity, carriers of the Val66Met BDNF Met-alleles exhibited significantly higher C-reactive protein and energy intake in the form of fat and protein compared to Val-allele carriers, thereby providing support for the possible role of BDNF in appetite, weight, and metabolic regulation during adolescence. Clinical Trial Registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT00195858.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S. Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Jeremy Walsh
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald J. Sigal
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Glen P. Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stasia Hadjiyannakis
- Centre for Healthy Active Living, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Mathew Ngu
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Denis Prud’homme
- President and Vice Chancellor, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Angela S. Alberga
- Department of Kinesiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steve Doucette
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Jameason D. Cameron
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Goldfield GS, Cameron JD, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Holcik M, Prud'homme D, Guerin E, Alberga AS, D'Angiulli A, Tremblay MS, Mougharbel F, Walsh J. Screen time is independently associated with serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in youth with obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1083-1090. [PMID: 33829867 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Low levels of brain derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and excessive screen exposure are risk factors for neurocognitive deficits and obesity in youth, but the relationship between screen time and BDNF remains unknown. This study examined whether duration and/or type of sedentary screen time behaviour (TV viewing, video games, recreational computer use) are associated with serum BDNF levels in youth with obesity. The sample consisted of 250 inactive, postpubertal adolescents with obesity (172 females/78 males, aged 15.5 ± 1.4 years) at the baseline assessment of the Healthy Eating, Aerobic, Resistance Training in Youth Study. After controlling for self-reported age, sex, race, parental education, puberty stage, physical activity, and diet, higher total screen exposure was significantly associated with lower serum BDNF levels (β = -0.21, p = 0.002). TV viewing was the only type of screen behaviour that was associated with BDNF levels (β = -0.22, p = 0.001). Higher exposure to traditional forms of screen time was independently associated with lower serum BDNF levels, and this association appears to be driven primarily by TV viewing. Future intervention research is needed to determine whether limiting screen time is an effective way to increase BDNF and associated health benefits in a high-risk population of youth with obesity. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT00195858. Novelty: This study is the first to show that recreational screen time is inversely associated with serum BDNF levels. The inverse association between screen time and BDNF is driven primarily by TV viewing, indicating the type of screen might matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jameason D Cameron
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Holcik
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eva Guerin
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Angela S Alberga
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fatima Mougharbel
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy Walsh
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Mougharbel F, Valois DD, Lamb M, Buchholz A, Obeid N, Flament M, Goldfield GS. Mediating role of disordered eating in the relationship between screen time and BMI in adolescents: longitudinal findings from the Research on Eating and Adolescent Lifestyles (REAL) study. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:3336-3345. [PMID: 32787984 PMCID: PMC10200635 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002000049x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether the duration and type of screen time (ST) (TV viewing, recreational computer use, video gaming) is longitudinally associated with z-BMI and if these relationships are mediated by disordered eating (emotional, restrained). DESIGN At baseline, participants were n 1197 (T1; 60 % female) adolescents (mean age = 13·51 years) who completed surveys over 2 years. ST was assessed by a self-reported measure created by the investigative team, while emotional and restrained eating was measured by the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEB-Q). Height and weight were objectively measured to quantify z-BMI. SETTING Thirty-one public and two private schools from the region of Ottawa, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Students in grades 7-12. RESULTS Parallel multiple mediation analyses revealed that more time spent watching TV at baseline is associated with higher z-BMI at T3 (total effect; B = 0·19, se = 0·07, P = 0·01, 95 % CI 0·05, 0·34), but no relationships were observed for total ST exposure or other types of ST and z-BMI. Disordered eating did not mediate the positive association between baseline TV viewing and z-BMI at T3. CONCLUSIONS TV viewing was longitudinally associated with higher z-BMI in a community-based sample of adolescents, but disordered eating behaviours did not mediate this relationship. However, other non-pathological eating behaviours may mediate the association between ST and obesity and warrant further investigation. Finding suggests that targeting reduction in youth's TV viewing may be an effective component in the prevention of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mougharbel
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ONK1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Darcie D Valois
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Lamb
- Carleton University Department of Psychology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Healthy Active Living, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Annick Buchholz
- Centre for Healthy Active Living, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Obeid
- Eating Disorders Program, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martine Flament
- The Institute for Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ONK1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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6
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Chortatos A, Henjum S, Torheim LE, Terragni L, Gebremariam MK. Comparing three screen-based sedentary behaviours' effect upon adolescents' participation in physical activity: The ESSENS study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241887. [PMID: 33237914 PMCID: PMC7688164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Literature focusing on the association between sedentary behaviours and physical activity has provided equivocal results and has been dominated by TV viewing as the indicator of sedentary behaviour. There is a need for more studies exploring the association between contemporary screen activities and physical activity among youth. Methods A cross-sectional study including 742 adolescents was conducted in 2016. Data were collected at school through an online questionnaire. Regression analyses were used to explore the association between different screen-based sedentary behaviours and participation in physical activity. Results The results showed that those with lower (vs higher) time spent on TV/movie streaming and electronic game playing both on weekdays and weekend days had significantly higher odds of participating in physical activity. There were no significant associations between socializing/surfing online both on weekdays and weekend days and physical activity in adjusted models. Conclusions TV/movie streaming and electronic game playing during both weekdays and weekend days were significantly inversely related with participating in physical activity. Initiatives aimed at reducing screen-based sedentary activities might result in favourable effects on physical activity levels among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Chortatos
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrun Henjum
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Elin Torheim
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Terragni
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mekdes K. Gebremariam
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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7
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West AB, Bittel KM, Russell MA, Evans MB, Mama SK, Conroy DE. A systematic review of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and substance use in adolescents and emerging adults. Transl Behav Med 2020; 10:1155-1167. [PMID: 33044536 PMCID: PMC7549408 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from adolescence into emerging adulthood is marked by changes in both physical activity and substance use. This systematic review characterized associations between movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior) and frequently used substances (alcohol, cannabis) among adolescents and emerging adults to inform lifestyle interventions that target multiple behavior change outcomes. This systematic review was guided by PRISMA. Electronic databases of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched from inception through June 25, 2019. The search was designed to identify empirical studies reporting an association between physical activity or sedentary behavior and alcohol or cannabis, with search criteria determining eligibility based on several sampling characteristics (e.g., participants under 25 years of age). After identifying and screening 5,610 studies, data were extracted from 97 studies. Physical activity was positively associated with alcohol use among emerging adults, but the literature was mixed among adolescents. Sedentary behavior was positively associated with alcohol and cannabis use among adolescents, but evidence was limited among emerging adults. Self-report measures were used in all but one study to assess these behaviors. Physical activity is linked to greater alcohol use among emerging adults. Whereas existing studies demonstrate that sedentary behavior might serve as a risk marker for alcohol and cannabis use among adolescents, additional primary research is needed to explore these associations in emerging adults. Future work should also use device-based measures to account for timing of and contextual features surrounding activity and substance use in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B West
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kelsey M Bittel
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Russell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M Blair Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Scherezade K Mama
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Clark E, Dumas A. Children's active outdoor play: 'good' mothering and the organisation of children's free time. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2020; 42:1229-1242. [PMID: 32472556 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study draws on the Foucault-inspired notion of biopedagogies to examine and problematise the salient factors of contemporary motherhood impacting children's active outdoor play (AOP). The study positions mothering as a practice, through which children's health and bodies are constructed and disciplined. A discourse analysis of 21 interviews with Canadian mothers identified three discursive constructions of the 'good mother': mothers as time managers, risk managers and screen-time managers. Each was characterised by discursive conflicts that compromised the provision of AOP by mothers. This study provides data necessary for successfully including AOP as a leisure practice within family-centred health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Clark
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Dumas
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine associations between video game play and obesity in children. RECENT FINDINGS Based on a scoping review of 26 studies (25 cross-sectional; 1 longitudinal) published in 2013-2018, 14 studies (53%) reported no association between video game play and obesity, and 12 studies reported positive associations. In a review of 8 systematic reviews, there was preliminary evidence on the effectiveness of exergame (physically active) play for weight reduction and to attenuate weight gain but little indication that interventions effectively reduced video game play or general screen time. This review found ambiguous evidence on the extent to which video game play is or is not significantly associated with obesity in children and preliminary evidence of exergame play as a tool for weight reduction and attenuation of weight gain. Several gaps existed in understanding the relationship between video game play and obesity, and prospective and interventional trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Kracht
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Joseph
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Amanda E Staiano
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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10
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Vancampfort D, Firth J, Smith L, Stubbs B, Rosenbaum S, Van Damme T, Christiaansen L, Ashdown-Franks G, Koyanagi A. Cannabis use and leisure-time sedentary behavior among 94,035 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 24 low- and middle-income countries. Addict Behav 2019; 99:106104. [PMID: 31470242 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents spend a high proportion of their leisure time in sedentary behavior, which is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Exploring factors associated with leisure-time sedentary behavior (LTSB) is important for the development of targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to explore associations between cannabis use and LTSB in adolescents from 24 low- and middle-income countries. Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed. Data on past month cannabis use and LTSB during a typical day were collected. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to assess the associations. Among 94,035 adolescents aged 12-15 years [age = 13.7 ± SD 0.9 years; 49.2% female], the prevalence of high LTSB (≥3 h/day) was 26.6%, while 2.8% used cannabis at least once in the past 30 days. In adjusted analyses, compared to those who did not consume cannabis in the past 30 days, the OR (99%CI) for high LTSB among those who used cannabis 1-2 times, 3-9 times, 10-19 times, and ≥20 times were 0.89 (0.58-1.35), 1.96 (1.26-3.07), 1.97 (0.71-5.47), and 2.34 (0.95-5.78), respectively (test for trend p < 0.01). Our data suggest that frequent cannabis use is associated with increased odds for being more sedentary in adolescence. Future longitudinal data are required to confirm/refute the findings to inform public health campaigns.
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11
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Potvin Kent M, Pauzé E, Roy E, de Billy N, Czoli C. Children and adolescents' exposure to food and beverage marketing in social media apps. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12508. [PMID: 30690924 PMCID: PMC6590224 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy food marketing is a powerful determinant of unhealthy diets and obesity among children. Although it is known that food marketers target young people on social media, no study has yet quantified children's exposure on these platforms. OBJECTIVES To compare the frequency and healthfulness of food marketing seen by children and adolescents on social media apps as well as estimate their weekly exposure. METHODS 101 children and adolescents (ages 7-16 years) completed a survey on their media use and were recorded using their two favourite social media apps for 5 minutes each on the mobile device they usually use. Recordings of app use were reviewed to identify food marketing exposures. RESULTS Overall, 72% of participants were exposed to food marketing. Of the 215 food marketing exposures identified, most promoted unhealthy products such as fast food (44%) and sugar-sweetened beverages (9%). Adolescents viewed more instances of food marketing, on average, per 10-minute period compared with children (Mean [SD] = 2.6 [2.7] versus 1.4 [2.1], U = 1606, z = 2.94, P = 0.003). It was also estimated that children and adolescents see food marketing 30 and 189 times on average per week on social media apps, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Statutory regulations restricting unhealthy food marketing to adolescents and children on social media should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Potvin Kent
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Elise Pauzé
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Elisabeth‐Anne Roy
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Nicholas de Billy
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Christine Czoli
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
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12
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Neilson HK, Lin Z. Is Cannabis Use Associated with Sedentary Behavior during Leisure Time? A Study in Canada, 2011-2012. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:852-862. [PMID: 30658548 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1547910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior, defined as lying or sitting, is a global health concern. As researchers continue to identify modern-day risk factors for sedentary behavior, few have explored the role of illicit drug use. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between leisure-time sedentary behavior and cannabis use, in adolescents and adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study relating cannabis use to total leisure-time sedentary behavior (hr/wk using the computer, playing video games, watching television or videos, and reading for leisure) using data from the 2011-2012 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a population-based survey of Canadians age ≥12 years. Analyses were possible for 48,240 respondents in Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Nunavut who reported on sedentary behavior. We used logistic regression modeling to relate frequency of cannabis use (never, occasional, heavy) to high-risk sedentary behavior (<35 versus ≥35 hr/wk) overall and stratified by sex, age, and rural location. RESULTS Approximately 80% of respondents were ≥25 years old. In the fully-adjusted model, the odds of ≥35 hr/wk of sedentary behavior were 80% higher for heavy cannabis users versus never users (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4-2.3); in occasional cannabis users, the odds were 30% higher (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.5). In stratified analyses, odds ratios were statistically significant among adults age 25-44 years and people living in nonrural settings. Conclusions/Importance: Our findings support dual lifestyle interventions targeting heavy cannabis use and excessive sedentary behavior simultaneously. Moreover, leisure-time sedentary behavior should be considered as a covariate in future epidemiologic models relating cannabis to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Neilson
- a Department of Health Sciences , Carleton University , Ottawa , Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhiqiu Lin
- b Department of Sociology and Anthropology , Carleton University , Ottawa , Ontario, Canada
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Katapally TR, Thorisdottir AS, Laxer R, Leatherdale ST. The association of school connectedness and bullying involvement with multiple screen-time behaviours among youth in two Canadian provinces: a COMPASS study. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2018; 38:368-379. [PMID: 30303657 PMCID: PMC6197613 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.38.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Screen time, a proxy for sedentary behaviours, has emerged as a critical health determinant among youth in contemporary societies, where most aspects of youth life involve access to screen-time devices. An understudied approach to reducing screen time among youth is bullying reduction. This study aims to understand the association between bullying perpetration, victimization, youth perception of the school environment and multiple screen-time behaviours. METHODS A total of 44,861 youth aged between 13 and 18 years in two Canadian provinces completed a validated questionnaire that collected student data on health behaviours and outcomes, including multiple screen-time behaviours, bullying perpetration and victimization, and school connectedness. The outcome variables were total screen time, time spent watching television, playing video games, internet surfing, and communication- based screen-time behaviours. Using a random intercept, the final models were built using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. These models were adjusted for age, ethnicity, weekly disposable income, daylight hours, and weather variables. RESULTS Compared to youth who reported non-involvement in bullying, youth who were bullies, victims, or both bullies and victims spent on average more minutes per day in front of screens across all screen time categories. Youth who felt happy and safe at school, and who perceived their teachers as being fair, reported lower levels of multiple screen-time behaviours. CONCLUSION With non-involvement in bullying showing a strong negative association with multiple screen-time behaviours, school policies to address bullying and screen time through school connectedness could offer a novel approach in minimizing these harmful behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun R Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Rachel Laxer
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Hunter S, Leatherdale ST, Carson V. The 3-Year Longitudinal Impact of Sedentary Behavior on the Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2018; 88:660-668. [PMID: 30133779 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is linked to many adverse health outcomes; however, its relationship with academic achievement is less understood. We examined sedentary behavior's impact on academic achievement over 3 years in 4408 adolescents from the COMPASS study. METHODS Sedentary behavior (screen-based: watching/streaming television shows/movies, video/computer games, surfing the internet; communication-based: texting/messaging/emailing, talking on the phone; and doing homework) and academic achievement (overall math and English marks) were self-reported. RESULTS Holding time fixed, moving from the lowest quartile (Q1) to Q2, Q3, or Q4 of watching/streaming television shows/movies (Q2: OR = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84-0.97, Q3: OR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.74-0.98, Q4: OR = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.64-0.85) or to Q2 of surfing the internet (Q2: OR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.78-0.97) decreased the likelihood of surpassing English standards. Moving from Q1 to Q2 of communication-based sedentary behavior (OR = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.82-0.99) decreased the likelihood of surpassing math standards. Moving from Q1 to Q4 (OR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.15-1.50) of watching/streaming television shows/movies increased the likelihood of surpassing math standards. Moving from Q1 to Q4 of doing homework (OR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.02-1.31) increased the likelihood of surpassing English standards. CONCLUSIONS Predicting academic achievement from total sedentary behavior is challenging. Targeting specific types of sedentary behavior should be considered for improving math and English achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hunter
- University of Alberta, 8840 Van Vliet Complex, 114 Street, Edmonton, AL T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- University of Alberta, 8840 Van Vliet Complex, 114 Street, Edmonton, AL T6G 2H9, Canada
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15
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Do school physical activity policies and programs have a role in decreasing multiple screen time behaviours among youth? Prev Med 2018; 110:106-113. [PMID: 29197536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Screen time in youth has been associated with a wide range of poor health outcomes. Evidence indicates the need to develop physical activity (PA) school policies and programs that are aimed at decreasing youth screen time behaviours. This study aims to understand the association between PA policies and programs embedded into the functioning of 89 schools across two provinces in Canada and multiple screen time behaviours. As part of the COMPASS Study, a total of 44,861 youth aged between 13 and 18years and belonging to 89 schools in two Canadian provinces completed a validated questionnaire for health behaviours and outcomes data. PA policies and programs were measured using the School Policies and Practices Questionnaire, completed by the relevant school administrator. Participation in before-school, noon hour, or after-school intramural programs, participation in varsity sports, and access to indoor areas of PA during non-instructional time, was associated with significantly lower multiple screen time behaviours across both provinces. With exposure to multiple electronic and digital devices only predicted to increase among youth in the future, there is a need to conceptualize and integrate school-based screen time reducing PA policies and programs into the regular functioning of the schools.
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Harvey A, Faulkner G, Giangregorio L, Leatherdale ST. An examination of school- and student-level characteristics associated with the likelihood of students' meeting the Canadian physical activity guidelines in the COMPASS study. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2017; 108:e348-e354. [PMID: 29120304 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.108.5925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine school- and student-level correlates of physical activity. METHODS Cross-sectional Year 2 data collected from 45 298 grade 9-12 students attending 89 secondary schools in the COMPASS study were examined using multi-level modelling to predict the likelihood of students a) achieving 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily; and b) achieving the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP) activity guideline for youth (60 minutes/MVPA daily, vigorous physical activity at least three days in a week, and resistance training at least three days in a week). RESULTS The prevalence of students achieving 60 minutes of MVPA daily and meeting the CSEP guideline was 49.3% and 31.0% respectively. Modest between-school variability was identified (1.1% for 60 minutes MVPA and 0.8% for CSEP guideline). School-level characteristics significantly associated with the outcome measures included location, school size, quality of facilities, and accessibility of facilities. Significant student-level correlates included sex, grade, weekly income, binge drinking, fruit and vegetable consumption, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Most youth in this large study reported inadequate physical activity levels. Students were more likely to achieve 60 minutes of MVPA if they attended a larger school or a school in an urban location, whereas students were less likely to meet the CSEP guideline if they attended a school in a small urban location. However, student-level factors, such as binge drinking and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, were more strongly associated with the outcomes examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Harvey
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON.
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18
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The school environment and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Guatemalan adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:2980-2987. [PMID: 28803573 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study sought to examine Guatemalan adolescents' consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), identify which individual-level characteristics are associated with SSB consumption and describe school characteristics that may influence students' SSB consumption. DESIGN Within this observational pilot study, a questionnaire was used to assess students' consumption of three varieties of SSB (soft drinks, energy drinks, sweetened coffees/teas), as well as a variety of sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics. We collected built environment data to examine aspects of the school food environment. We developed Poisson regression models for each SSB variety and used descriptive analyses to characterize the sample. SETTING Guatemala City, Guatemala. SUBJECTS Guatemalan adolescents (n 1042) from four (two public, two private) secondary schools. RESULTS Built environment data revealed that students from the two public schools lacked access to water fountains/coolers. The SSB industry had a presence in the schools through advertisements, sponsored food kiosks and products available for sale. Common correlates of SSB consumption included school type, sedentary behaviour, frequency of purchasing lunch in the cafeteria, and frequency of purchasing snacks from vending machines in school and off school property. CONCLUSIONS Guatemalan adolescents frequently consume SSB, which may be encouraged by aspects of the school environment. Schools represent a viable setting for equitable population health interventions designed to reduce SSB consumption, including increasing access to clean drinking-water, reducing access to SSB, restricting SSB marketing and greater enforcement of existing food policies.
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Stearns JA, Carson V, Spence JC, Faulkner G, Leatherdale ST. The role of peer victimization in the physical activity and screen time of adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:170. [PMID: 28724432 PMCID: PMC5517809 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Negative peer experiences may lead adolescents with overweight and obesity to be less active and engage in more sitting-related behaviors. Our study is among the first to empirically test these associations and hypothesized that 1) peer victimization would mediate the negative association between body weight status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and 2) peer victimization would mediate the positive association between body weight status and screen time. Differences by gender were also explored. Methods Participants were a part of the Year 1 data (2012–2013) from the COMPASS study, a prospective cohort study of high school students in Ontario and Alberta, Canada. The final sample consisted of 18,147 students in grades 9 to 12 from 43 Ontario secondary schools. The predictor variable was weight status (non-overweight vs. overweight/obese), the mediator was peer victimization, and the outcome variables were screen time and MVPA. Multilevel path analysis was conducted, controlling for clustering within schools and covariates. A few differences were observed between males and females; therefore, the results are stratified by gender. Results For both males and females peer victimization partially mediated the association between weight status and screen time. Specifically, females with overweight/obesity reported 34 more minutes/day of screen time than did females who were not overweight and 2 of these minutes could be attributed to experiencing peer victimization. Similarly, males who were overweight/obese reported 13 more minutes/day of screen time than the males who were not overweight and 1 of these minutes could be attributed to experiencing more victimization. Males and females who were overweight/obese also reported less MVPA compared to those who were not overweight; however, peer victimization did not mediate these associations in the hypothesized direction. Conclusions We found that higher rates of peer victimization experienced by adolescents with overweight and obesity partially explained why they engaged in more screen time than adolescents who were not overweight. However, the effects were small and may be of limited practical significance. Because this is one of the first studies to investigate these associations, more research is needed before bully prevention or conflict resolution training are explored as intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie A Stearns
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-113 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada.
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-113 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-113 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Lee EY, Hunter S, Leatherdale ST, Carson V. Sociodemographic correlates of physical activity and screen time among adolescents in Canada and Guatemala: Results from the COMPASS system. Glob Health Promot 2017; 26:25-35. [PMID: 28691637 DOI: 10.1177/1757975917710804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was to compare the levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) between Canadian and Guatemalan adolescents, and to examine associations of sociodemographic variables with PA and screen time among adolescents in Canada and Guatemala. Self-reported, cross-sectional data from students in grades 9-12 who participated in the 2015 COMPASS study (Canada; n = 39,817; mean age = 15.6 years) and COMPASS-Guatemala (n = 1,221; mean age = 15.1 years) were used. Sociodemographic variables included age, gender, ethnicity (exclusively among Canadians), and weekly money allowance. Outcome variables included meeting the PA guidelines (⩾60 minutes/day) and the screen time recommendations within the SB guidelines (<2 hours/day), and participation in organized sports in and out of school. Chi-squared tests and linear and logistic regressions were used to test the study objectives. The proportions of participants meeting the PA guidelines were 48.7% and 41.3% for Canadians and Guatemalans, respectively. More Guatemalan adolescents than Canadians met the screen time recommendations (24.9% vs. 16.5%). Older age, being male, being non-White, and $0-$5/unknown of allowance were associated with meeting the PA guidelines among Canadians. Gender (being male) was the only variable associated with meeting the PA guidelines among Guatemalan adolescents. Older age, being male, being non-White, and $0-$5/unknown of allowance were associated with organized sport participation among Canadians. Among Guatemalans, being aged 15-16 years and having 0-35 quetzals/unknown of allowance were associated with participating in competitive school sports. Being male was associated with participating in recreational school sports or league/team sports outside of school. Older age, being female, being non-White, and ⩾$6 of allowance were associated with meeting the screen time recommendations among Canadians. Older age and having ⩾150 quetzals of allowance were associated with meeting the screen time recommendations among Guatemalan adolescents. These findings can inform researchers and policy makers when developing country-specific targeted interventions and programs that promote physically active lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- 1. Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- 1. Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- 2. School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- 1. Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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21
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Eun-Young L, Carson V, Spence JC. Pubertal development, physical activity, and sedentary behavior among South Korean adolescents. ACTA GYMNICA 2017. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2017.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Murray M, Maras D, Goldfield GS. Excessive Time on Social Networking Sites and Disordered Eating Behaviors Among Undergraduate Students: Appearance and Weight Esteem as Mediating Pathways. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2016; 19:709-715. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2016.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Murray
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Danijela Maras
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gary S. Goldfield
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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23
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Bounova A, Michalopoulou M, Agelousis N, Kourtessis T, Gourgoulis V. The parental role in adolescent screen related sedentary behavior. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2016; 30:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2016-0031/ijamh-2016-0031.xml. [PMID: 27701135 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents spend an increasing amount of their time engaged in screen using activities. The present study aimed at identifying parental factors associated with screen time among Greek adolescents. METHODS A sample of 1141 adolescents, as well as their parents, participated in this survey. Adolescents were asked to complete a questionnaire about time spent on screen-viewing behaviors. Respectively, parents completed a questionnaire concerning family predictors. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine correlates of adolescent screen-viewing with family predictors. RESULTS The mean screen time per weekday was 193 min. Adolescents, whose parents had received up to secondary school education, spend more time in screen-viewing compared with the other groups. Controlling adolescents' gender and age, all the family variables (perceived rules, parental modeling, parents' screen related sedentary behavior, parental concern for screen viewing, support for physical activity, parental education) were statistically significant in predicting adolescent screen time with Perceived Rules recording a higher negative beta value (β=-0.18, p<0.00). CONCLUSION Perceived parental screen time rules play a role in the amount of screen time among adolescents. Interventions that focus on parental limit setting development and physical activity support may be effective in decreasing screen time among youth aged 13-15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Bounova
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Komotini 69100, Greece, Tel/Fax: +30 2237022940
| | - Maria Michalopoulou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Komotini 69100, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Agelousis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Komotini 69100, Greece
| | - Thomas Kourtessis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Komotini 69100, Greece
| | - Vassilios Gourgoulis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Komotini 69100, Greece
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Cameron JD, Maras D, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Borghese MM, Chaput JP, Alberga AS, Goldfield GS. The mediating role of energy intake on the relationship between screen time behaviour and body mass index in adolescents with obesity: The HEARTY study. Appetite 2016; 107:437-444. [PMID: 27545672 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents spend up to 6-8 h/day in sedentary screen behaviour and screen time is an independent risk factor for obesity. However, the mechanisms by which screen time confers obesity risk remain unclear. Via community level recruitment this study examined whether the relationship between screen time behaviours and body mass index (BMI: kg/m2) was mediated by total energy intake or macronutrient consumption. In a cross-sectional study of post-pubertal adolescents (N = 283: 86M, 197F) with overweight or obesity at baseline of an intervention for weight control, we examined self-reported total energy intake (mean Calories from 3 day food diary), macronutrient intake (grams/day of carbohydrate, fat, protein) and total screen time (aggregate of hours/day watching TV, playing seated video games, and recreational computer use). BMI was objectively measured and converted to standardized scores (z-BMI). Simple and multiple mediation analyses were conducted using the bootstrapping approach described by Preacher and Hayes. Covariates included age, sex, ethnicity, parental education, Tanner stage, and self-reported physical activity. The relationship between screen time and z-BMI was significantly mediated by energy intake. Higher levels of carbohydrate intake, but not fat or protein intake, significantly mediated the relationship between screen time and z-BMI (95% bias-corrected and accelerated confidence interval [0.0004, 0.0074]). Higher carbohydrate intake mediated the relationship between TV viewing and z-BMI, and video gaming and z-BMI. In conclusion, the relationship between screen time and BMI appears to be mediated by increased energy intake, primarily in the form of higher carbohydrate intake. It is possible that reducing time spent watching TV and playing video games may reduce food intake and help promote dietary adherence needed for weight management in obese adolescents. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00195858.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameason D Cameron
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Danijela Maras
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- Department of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael M Borghese
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Angela S Alberga
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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25
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Goldfield GS, Murray M, Maras D, Wilson AL, Phillips P, Kenny GP, Hadjiyannakis S, Alberga A, Cameron JD, Tulluch H, Sigal RJ. Screen time is associated with depressive symptomatology among obese adolescents: a HEARTY study. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:909-19. [PMID: 27075014 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obese adolescents spend a disproportionate time in screen-based activities and are at higher risk for clinical depression compared to their normal-weight peers. While screen time is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors, little is known about the relationship between screen time and mental health. This cross-sectional study examines the association between duration and types of screen time and depressive symptomatology (subclinical symptoms) in a sample of 358 (261 female; 97 male) overweight and obese adolescents aged 14-18 years. Self-report measures assessed depressive symptoms and time spent in different types of screen behavior (TV, recreational computer use, and video games). After controlling for age, ethnicity, sex, parental education, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, caloric intake, carbohydrate intake, and intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, total screen time was significantly associated with more severe depressive symptomatology (β = 0.21, p = 0.001). After adjustment, time spent playing video games (β = 0.13, p = 0.05) and recreational computer time (β = 0.18, p = 0.006) was associated with depressive symptoms, but TV viewing was not. CONCLUSIONS Screen time may represent a risk factor or marker of depressive symptomatology in obese adolescents. Future intervention research should evaluate whether reducing screen exposure reduces depressive symptoms in obese youth, a population at increased risk for psychological disorders. WHAT IS KNOWN • Screen time is associated with an increased risk of obesity in youth. • Screen time is associated with an adverse cardio-metabolic profile in youth. What is New: • Screen time is associated with more severe depressive symptoms in overweight and obese adolescents. • Time spent in recreational computer use and playing video games, but not TV viewing, was associated with more severe depressive symptoms in overweight and obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital Of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Marisa Murray
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Danijela Maras
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Glen P Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stasia Hadjiyannakis
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital Of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.,Centre for Healthy Active living (CHAL), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Angela Alberga
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jameason D Cameron
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital Of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Heather Tulluch
- Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- Department of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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