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Norton DE, Froelicher ES, Waters CM, Carrieri-Kohlman V. Parental Influence on Models of Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Children. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2016; 2:311-22. [PMID: 14667487 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-5151(03)00072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle behaviors such as overeating and physical inactivity contribute significantly to CVD, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults globally. CVD risk factors that begin in children often track into adulthood. Parents are believed to influence the health behaviors of their children. OBJECTIVE To review the literature on parental influence on children's health beliefs and behaviors, particularly eating and exercise behaviors as indicators of CV health, school-based CVD risk reduction programs, and racial/ethnic, gender and socioeconomic considerations for models of primary prevention of CVD in children. METHODS Seventeen studies that included parents as either a source of information, change agent or participant in a CVD risk reduction intervention were identified searching the Medline, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases from 1980 through 2002. RESULTS Children's lifestyle health beliefs and behaviors are significantly influenced by positive parental modeling and involvement in exercise and healthy eating; parental influence on children's behavior lasts beyond adolescence; parents are effective teachers of health habits at home when prompted by health educators; and parental influences vary by ethnicity/race, socioeconomics and gender. CONCLUSIONS A broader base of knowledge that is socioculturally sensitive must be developed about what parents and children believe is healthy, how parents model beliefs and behaviors for their children, and how to build self-efficacy for positive health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah E Norton
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, 3333 California, Suite 265, San Francisco, CA 94143-0936, USA.
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Fox CS, Pencina MJ, Heard-Costa NL, Shrader P, Jaquish C, O'Donnell CJ, Vasan RS, Cupples LA, D'Agostino RB. Trends in the association of parental history of obesity over 60 years. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:919-24. [PMID: 23836774 PMCID: PMC3887126 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association of familial as compared to genetic factors in the current obesogenic environment, compared with earlier, leaner time periods, is uncertain. METHODS Participants from the Framingham Heart Study were classified according to parental obesity status in the Original, Offspring, and Third Generation cohorts; mean BMI levels were estimated and we compared the association of parental history across generations. Finally, a genetic risk score comprised of 32 well-replicated single nucleotide polymorphisms for BMI was examined in association with BMI levels in 1948, 1971, and 2002. RESULTS BMI was 1.49 kg/m2 higher per each affected parent among the Offspring, and increased to 2.09 kg/m2 higher among the Third Generation participants (P-value for the cohort comparison=0.007). Parental history of obesity was associated with increased weight gain (P < 0.0001) and incident obesity (P = 0.009). Despite a stronger association of parental obesity with offspring BMI in more contemporary time periods, we observed no change in the effect size of a BMI genetic risk score from 1948 to 2002 (P = 0.11 for test of trend across the time periods). CONCLUSIONS The association of parental obesity has become stronger in more contemporary time period, whereas the association of a BMI genetic risk score has not changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Fox
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Hypertension, and Diabetes, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ford SP, Tuersunjiang N. Maternal obesity: how big an impact does it have on offspring prenatally and during postnatal life? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2013; 8:261-273. [PMID: 30780813 DOI: 10.1586/eem.13.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is increasing at an epidemic rate in women of reproductive age. Not only does obesity during pregnancy lead to increased maternal health concerns, it is also linked to an increase in adiposity and components of the metabolic syndrome in the children and grandchildren of obese women. The potential transgenerational impact of maternal obesity on the health of future generations will undoubtedly result in increasing healthcare costs for society. This review will describe what is known about the specific impacts of maternal obesity on offspring in the human population as well as discuss how controlled animal experiments have shed light on the specific physiological mechanisms involved. Furthermore, preliminary experiments are presented describing potential dietary methods for preventing obesity-induced programming of offspring health concerns in postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Ford
- b Department of Animal Science, Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Nuermaimaiti Tuersunjiang
- a Department of Animal Science, Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Lin Y, Bolca S, Vandevijvere S, De Keyzer W, Van Oyen H, Van Camp J, De Backer G, De Henauw S, Huybrechts I. Dietary sources of fiber intake and its association with socio-economic factors among Flemish preschool children. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:1836-53. [PMID: 21673925 PMCID: PMC3111636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12031836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives were to assess total dietary fiber intake, identify the major sources of dietary fiber, and examine its association with socio-economic factors among Flemish preschoolers. Three-day estimated dietary records were collected from a representative sample of preschoolers 2.5-6.5 years old (n = 661; 338 boys, 323 girls). The mean dietary fiber intake (13.4 g/d) was lower than the intake level recommended by the Belgian Superior Health Council (70% boys and 81% girls below the guidelines). The most important contributor was the group of bread and cereals (29.5%), followed by fruits (17.8%), potatoes and grains (16.0%), energy-dense, low-nutritious foods (12.4%), and vegetables (11.8%). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that total fiber intake was associated with maternal education and parents' employment. Overall, fiber intakes from high-nutritious foods (vegetables and fruits) were higher in preschoolers of higher educated mothers and those with one or both parents being employed. In conclusion, the majority of the preschoolers had dietary fiber intakes below the recommended level. Hence, dietary fiber should be promoted among parents of preschoolers and low socio-economic status families should be addressed in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Unit Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (G.D.B.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Selin Bolca
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (BIOBIX), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mail:
| | - Stefanie Vandevijvere
- Unit of Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.V.); (H.V.O.)
| | - Willem De Keyzer
- Unit Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (G.D.B.); (S.D.H.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Care Vesalius, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mail: (W.D.K.)
| | - Herman Van Oyen
- Unit of Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.V.); (H.V.O.)
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mail:
| | - Guy De Backer
- Unit Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (G.D.B.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Unit Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (G.D.B.); (S.D.H.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Care Vesalius, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mail: (W.D.K.)
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Unit Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (G.D.B.); (S.D.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +32-499-729328; Fax: +32-9-332 4994
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Paradis AM, Vohl MC, Godin G, Pérusse L. Dietary intakes and familial history of obesity. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2008; 69:97-100. [PMID: 18538063 DOI: 10.3148/69.2.2008.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare dietary intakes of individuals with and without familial history of obesity (FHO) with recommendations from Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating (CFGHE). METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 197 women and 129 men with a body mass index of less than 30kg/m(2) from the Quebec City metropolitan area. A dietitian obtained their dietary intakes, using a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Daily energy, macronutrient, and fibre intakes were not significantly different between individuals with and without FHO. No significant differences in the proportion of individuals who achieved the minimum CFGHE recommendations were observed between individuals with and without FHO. CONCLUSIONS Findings of our study suggest that individuals with and without FHO have comparable dietary intakes when compared to Canadian dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Paradis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Lipid Research Center, CHUQ-CHUL Pavilion, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Ibáñez L, López-Bermejo A, Díaz M, Marcos MV, de Zegher F. Metformin treatment for four years to reduce total and visceral fat in low birth weight girls with precocious pubarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:1841-5. [PMID: 18319306 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE A low birth weight (LBW) tends to be followed by overweight due to an excess of fat, including visceral fat. LBW girls with precocious pubarche (PP) (pubic hair < 8 yr) are at high risk for developing an adipose state of hyperinsulinemic androgen excess that leads toward early menarche. We explored the effects of insulin sensitization with metformin in LBW-PP girls. SETTING, DESIGN, PATIENTS, INTERVENTION: Prepubertal LBW girls with PP (mean body weight 2.4 kg; age 7.9 yr; body mass index 18.4 kg/m(2)) were studied. Girls were randomly assigned to remain untreated (n=19) or receive metformin for 4 yr (n = 19; 425 mg/d for 2 yr, then 850 mg/d for 2 yr). MAIN OUTCOMES At the start and after 4 yr, height, weight, fasting insulin, glucose, IGF-I, testosterone, lipids, leptin, high molecular weight adiponectin, body composition by absorptiometry, abdominal fat partitioning (only 4 yr) by magnetic resonance imaging, and menarcheal status were determined. RESULTS Metformin-treated girls gained on average 5.5 kg (or approximately 50%) less fat, after 4 yr were less insulin resistant and less hyperandrogenic, had lower IGF-I levels and a less atherogenic lipid profile, and were less likely to be post-menarcheal than untreated girls, whereas their gain in height, lean mass, and bone mineral density were similar. After 4 yr, untreated girls had more visceral fat, a higher ratio of visceral-to-sc fat, and a higher leptin-to-high molecular weight adiponectin ratio (all approximately 50% higher) than metformin-treated girls. CONCLUSION Long-term metformin treatment appears to reduce total and visceral fat in LBW-PP girls, and to delay menarche without attenuating linear growth, thereby opening the perspective that adult height may be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
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Keller BA. State of the Art Reviews: Development of Fitness in Children: The Influence of Gender and Physical Activity. Am J Lifestyle Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827607308802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influences of gender and physical activity on the development of fitness are reviewed from early childhood to late adolescence. Changes in parameters of fitness prior to puberty are driven predominantly by neuroendocrine-mediated factors, although physical activity level may be influenced largely by sociocultural factors prior to and following puberty. Thus, it is still unclear to what extent environment versus genetics accounts for gender differences in fitness. Future studies need to account for all factors known to explain gender differences in fitness to better differentiate intrinsic versus environmental causes. Consequently, one must consider if and to what extent a gender comparison study actually reveals true, inherent gender differences compared with sociocultural and/or cultural influences. Nevertheless, differences in fitness between girls and boys that are influenced by sociocultural factors should be considered when devising programs to promote physical activity and enhance fitness in youth. Fundamentally, the role of parents and primary caregivers in modeling physical activity and influencing the fitness level of their child cannot be overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy A. Keller
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York,
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Rennie KL, Livingstone MBE, Wells JCK, McGloin A, Coward WA, Prentice AM, Jebb SA. Association of physical activity with body-composition indexes in children aged 6–8 y at varied risk of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/82.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten L Rennie
- From the Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KLR, WAC, and SAJ); the Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (MBEL, AM, and KLR); the Medical Research Council Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (JCKW); and the Medical Research Council International Nut
| | - M Barbara E Livingstone
- From the Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KLR, WAC, and SAJ); the Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (MBEL, AM, and KLR); the Medical Research Council Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (JCKW); and the Medical Research Council International Nut
| | - Jonathan CK Wells
- From the Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KLR, WAC, and SAJ); the Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (MBEL, AM, and KLR); the Medical Research Council Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (JCKW); and the Medical Research Council International Nut
| | - A McGloin
- From the Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KLR, WAC, and SAJ); the Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (MBEL, AM, and KLR); the Medical Research Council Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (JCKW); and the Medical Research Council International Nut
| | - W Andrew Coward
- From the Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KLR, WAC, and SAJ); the Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (MBEL, AM, and KLR); the Medical Research Council Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (JCKW); and the Medical Research Council International Nut
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- From the Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KLR, WAC, and SAJ); the Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (MBEL, AM, and KLR); the Medical Research Council Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (JCKW); and the Medical Research Council International Nut
| | - Susan A Jebb
- From the Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KLR, WAC, and SAJ); the Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (MBEL, AM, and KLR); the Medical Research Council Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (JCKW); and the Medical Research Council International Nut
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Weinstein Y, Kamerman T, Berry E, Falk B. Mechanical Efficiency of Normal-Weight Prepubertal Boys Predisposed to Obesity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36:567-73. [PMID: 15064582 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000121958.99985.a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare 1) energy expenditure during rest and during submaximal exercise, and 2) the mechanical efficiency of normal-weight boys liable to obesity with normal-weight boys who are not liable to obesity. METHODS Two groups of prepubertal boys, aged 9-12 yr were compared, one with both parents of normal weight (NP, 20 < or = BMI < or = 27, N = 20) and the other (N = 20) with one obese parent (OP, BMI > or = 30). RESULTS No significant differences were found between the two groups in the anthropometric measurements (means +/- SD): body mass (32.9 +/- 5.4 and 31.5 +/- 3.1 kg, NP and OP, respectively), stature (141.0 +/- 6.2 and 140.0 +/- 5.5 cm, NP and OP, respectively), and body fat (16.6 +/- 3.5 and 15.1 +/- 3.5%, NP and OP, respectively). Likewise, there were no differences in the reported physical activity habits. No differences were observed in the resting metabolic rate values between the two groups (5.071 +/- 0.351 and 4.956 +/- 0.386 MJ x d(-1) , NP and OP, respectively). Submaximal VO2 at 30, 45, and 60 W was similar in the two groups (0.63 +/- 0.05, 0.78 +/- 0.06, and 0.92 +/- 0.08; and 0.63 +/- 0.06, 0.78 +/- 0.08, and 0.95 +/- 0.08 L x min(-1), NP and OP, respectively). Likewise, the mechanical efficiency, calculated at 30, 45, and 60 W was similar in both groups (19.5 +/- 2.3, 21.8 +/- 2.2, 23.4 +/- 2.5%; and 19.5 +/- 3.0, 21.9 +/- 2.9, 22.6 +/- 2.5%, NP and OP, respectively. No differences were found between groups in their VO2peak (38.4 +/- 3.8 and 40.4 +/- 4.9 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1), NP and OP, respectively). CONCLUSION These data suggest that energy expenditure during rest and exercise may not be used to predict future obesity in normal-weight prepubertal boys predisposed to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitzhak Weinstein
- The Ribstein Center for Sport Medicine Sciences and Research, Wingate Institute, ISRAEL.
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Ramos de Marins VM, Almeida RMVR, Pereira RA, de Azevedo Barros MB. The relationship between parental nutritional status and overweight children/adolescents in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Public Health 2004; 118:43-9. [PMID: 14643626 DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3506(03)00145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between overweight parents and overweight children/adolescents was investigated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between 1995 and 1996, controlling for the influence of socio-economic and demographic factors. METHODS Data were obtained from a two-stage, residence-based, random sample survey of children and adolescents aged 6-19 years and their parents. Body mass index (BMI) was used to classify nutritional status. Initially, a logistic regression model was built, using an indicator of parental weight (maternal BMI) as one of the independent variables and the child/adolescent's BMI as the dependent variable. Following that, the association between socio-economic and demographic variables and overweight children/adolescents was analysed in a univariate analysis. These variables were pre-selected for inclusion in the logistic model, provided that their levels of statistical significance were below P=0.25, and were added to the model individually according to the order of association strength in the univariate analysis. Finally, variables were retained in this model at a significance level of P=0.05. RESULTS This study found that 20.7% of girls and 26.9% of boys were overweight, with a larger prevalence among children aged less than 9 years. In addition to maternal BMI, the predictors of overweight children and adolescents were age, gender and the number of people in a house. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the relationship between maternal nutritional status and overweight children and adolescents, suggesting that obesity-prevention programmes should be focused on the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Ramos de Marins
- Nutrition College, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Skinner JD, Bounds W, Carruth BR, Ziegler P. Longitudinal calcium intake is negatively related to children's body fat indexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 103:1626-31. [PMID: 14647089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2003.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if dietary calcium was negatively related to children's body fat (BF), if BF indexes and calcium intakes changed over time, and to identify variables related to BF and calcium intake. DESIGN Percent BF and kg BF were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in 8-year-old children. In a prospective design, height, weight, dietary intakes, and related variables were monitored longitudinally from ages 2 months to 8 years during in-home interviews. SUBJECTS Fifty-two white children, (n=25 boys, 27 girls) participated in a longitudinal study with their mothers. At 8 years of age, mean BMI was 17.3+/-2.1 (standard deviation) for boys and 17.1+/-2.5 for girls. ANALYSES Regression analysis of all variables, followed by further regression analysis on selected models. RESULTS At 8 years, percent BF was 22.7+/-6.7 for boys and 26.2+/-7.9 for girls, as assessed by DEXA. Dietary calcium (mg) and polyunsaturated fat intake (g) were negatively related to percent BF (P=.02 to.04) in 3 statistical models, which predicted 28% to 34% of the variability in BF among children. Variables positively associated with percent BF were total dietary fat (g) or saturated fat (g), female gender, sedentary activity (hours/day), father's BMI, and mothers' percent BF. Calcium intakes were significantly correlated over time. Dietary variety was positively related to calcium intake, and intakes of carbonated beverages and other sweetened beverages were negatively related. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS Children should be strongly encouraged to regularly include calcium-rich foods and beverages in their diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean D Skinner
- Nutrition Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996-1920, USA.
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Sekine M, Yamagami T, Saito T, Nanri S, Kawaminami K, Tokui N, Yoshida K, Kagamimori S. Characteristic lifestyles in 6-year-old children with obese parents: Results of the toyama birth cohort study. Environ Health Prev Med 2001; 6:104-8. [PMID: 21432245 DOI: 10.1007/bf02897954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2000] [Accepted: 02/08/2001] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify characteristic lifestyles in children with obese parents. METHODS 8,030 children (4,072 males and 3,958 females) aged 6 to 7 years were investigated. A questionnaire relating to the lifestyles of children was distributed through elementary schools for completion by parents. The heights and weights of parents were self-reported. A parent with a body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) greater than the 90th percentile for gender (26.7 kg/m(2) for fathers and 24.3 kg/m(2) for mothers) was defined as an obese parent. A chi-square test for each trend was applied to evaluate an increasing trend in the frequency or level of each lifestyle in children with obese parents. RESULTS Children with obese parents were significantly associated with increasing trends in the proportions categorized by irregular intake of breakfast, faster eating, longer TV watching, and shorter sleeping hours. CONCLUSIONS These lifestyles are considered to be possible risk factors for the development of obesity. These characteristic lifestyles observed in children with obese parents could strengthen the relationship between child and parental body compositions, in addition to the genetic predisposition to obesity in children with obese parents. These findings indicate that education with lifestyle modification for obese parents will be required to prevent further weight gain in children with obese parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sekine
- Department of Welfare Promotion and Epidemiology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Faculty of Medicine, 2630 Sugitani, 930-0194, Toyama City, Toyama, Japan,
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Werkman A. Obesity in infants, children, and adolescents. NUTR BULL 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.1999.tb00908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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