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Yousefabadi SA, Ghiasi Hafezi S, Kooshki A, Hosseini M, Mansoori A, Ghamsary M, Esmaily H, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Evaluating the Association of Anthropometric Indices With Total Cholesterol in a Large Population Using Data Mining Algorithms. J Clin Lab Anal 2024:e25095. [PMID: 39269036 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unbalanced levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and its subgroups are called dyslipidemia. Several anthropometric indices have been developed to provide a more accurate assessment of body shape and the health risks associated with obesity. In this study, we used the random forest model (RF), decision tree (DT), and logistic regression (LR) to predict total cholesterol based on new anthropometric indices in a sex-stratified analysis. METHOD Our sample size was 9639 people in which anthropometric parameters were measured for the participants and data regarding the demographic and laboratory data were obtained. Aiding the machine learning, DT, LR, and RF were drawn to build a measurement prediction model. RESULTS Anthropometric and other related variables were compared between both TC <200 and TC ≥200 groups. In both males and females, Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) had the greatest effect on the risk of TC increase. According to results of the RF model, LAP and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) were significant variables for men. VAI also had a stronger correlation with HDL-C and triglyceride. We identified specific anthropometric thresholds based on DT analysis that could be used to classify individuals at high or low risk of elevated TC levels. The RF model determined that the most important variables for both genders were VAI and LAP. CONCLUSION We tend to present a picture of the Persian population's anthropometric factors and their association with TC level and possible risk factors. Various anthropometric indices indicated different predictive power for TC levels in the Persian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Arab Yousefabadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghiasi Hafezi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amin Mansoori
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mark Ghamsary
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lopez-Yus M, Casamayor C, Soriano-Godes JJ, Borlan S, Gonzalez-Irazabal Y, Garcia-Sobreviela MP, Garcia-Rodriguez B, Del Moral-Bergos R, Calmarza P, Artigas JM, Lorente-Cebrian S, Bernal-Monterde V, Sanz-Paris A, Arbones-Mainar JM. Isthmin-1 (ISM1), a novel adipokine that reflects abdominal adipose tissue distribution in individuals with obesity. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:335. [PMID: 38066623 PMCID: PMC10709909 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of obesity-related health risks has traditionally relied on the Body Mass Index and waist circumference, but their limitations have propelled the need for a more comprehensive approach. The differentiation between visceral (VIS) and subcutaneous (SC) fat provides a finer-grained understanding of these risks, yet practical assessment methods are lacking. We hypothesized that combining the SC-VIS fat ratio with non-invasive biomarkers could create a valuable tool for obesity-related risk assessment. METHODS AND RESULTS A clinical study of 125 individuals with obesity revealed significant differences in abdominal fat distribution measured by CT-scan among genders and distinct models of obesity, including visceral, subcutaneous, and the SC/VIS ratio. Stratification based on these models highlighted various metabolic changes. The SC/VIS ratio emerged as an excellent metric to differentiate metabolic status. Gene expression analysis identified candidate biomarkers, with ISM1 showing promise. Subsequent validation demonstrated a correlation between ISM1 levels in SC and plasma, reinforcing its potential as a non-invasive biomarker for fat distribution. Serum adipokine levels also correlated with the SC/VIS ratio. The Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis revealed ISM1's efficacy in discriminating individuals with favorable metabolic profiles based on adipose tissue distribution. Correlation analysis also suggested that ISM1 was involved in glucose regulation pathways. CONCLUSION The study's results support the hypothesis that the SC-VIS fat ratio and its derived non-invasive biomarkers can comprehensively assess obesity-related health risks. ISM1 could predict abdominal fat partitioning and be a potential biomarker for evaluating obesity-related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Yus
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Carmen Casamayor
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Endocrine, Bariatric and Breast Surgery Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Sofia Borlan
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Endocrine, Bariatric and Breast Surgery Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gonzalez-Irazabal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Garcia-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Moral-Bergos
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Pilar Calmarza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedad Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Artigas
- Department of Radiology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Lorente-Cebrian
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sanz-Paris
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Isabel la Católica, 1-3, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
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3
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Xu F, Earp JE, Adami A, Blissmer BJ, Riebe D, Greene GW. Sex and race/ethnicity specific reference predictive equations for abdominal adiposity indices using anthropometry in US adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:956-966. [PMID: 36958968 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abdominal adiposity indices have stronger associations with cardiometabolic risk factors compared to anthropometric measures but are rarely used in large scale studies due to the cost and efficiency. The aim of this study is to establish sex and race/ethnicity specific reference equations using anthropometric measures. METHODS AND RESULTS A secondary data analysis (n = 6589) of healthy adults was conducted using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. Variables included in the analyses were anthropometric measures (height; weight; waist circumference, WC) and abdominal adiposity indices (android percent fat; android to gynoid ratio, A/G ratio; visceral adipose tissue area, VATA; visceral to subcutaneous adipose area ratio, VSR). Multivariable prediction models were developed using quantile regression. Bland-Altman was used for external validation of prediction models. Reference equations to estimate android percent fat, A/G ratio, VATA and VSR from anthropometric measurements were developed using a randomly selected subsample of 4613. These reference equations for four abdominal adiposity indices were then cross-validated in the remaining subsample of 1976. The measured and predicted android percent fat, A/G ratio, VATA and VSR were not statistically different (p > 0.05) except for the A/G ratio in Asian males and VSR in White females. The results of Bland-Altman further revealed that ≥93% of predicted abdominal adiposity indices fell within the limits of agreement (±1.96 standard deviation). CONCLUSION The sex and race/ethnicity specific reference equations for abdominal adiposity indices established using anthropometrics in the present study have strong predictive ability in US healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Xu
- School of Education, University of Rhode Island, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States.
| | - Jacob E Earp
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Alessandra Adami
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Independent Square, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Bryan J Blissmer
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Independent Square, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Deborah Riebe
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Independent Square, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Greene
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
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Costo-Muriel C, Calderón-García JF, Rico-Martín S, Sánchez-Bacaicoa C, Escudero-Sánchez G, Galán-González J, Rodríguez-Velasco FJ, Sánchez Muñoz-Torrero JF. Association of Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Assessed by High-Resolution Ultrasound With Traditional and Novel Anthropometric Indices. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101574. [PMID: 36584728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel anthropometric indices have been proposed as an alternative to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to determine visceral adipose tissue and body mass. Little is known about the relationship of these new anthropometric indices to subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to assess the association of anthropometric indices, both new and traditional, with the presence of subclinical carotid artery arteriosclerosis (SCAA) estimated by Doppler ultrasound. This cross-sectional study analyzed 788 Spanish patients who consecutively attended a vascular risk consultation between June 2021 and September 2022. Traditional anthropometric indices (BMI, WHR and WHtR) and novel indices (ABSI, AVI, BAI, BRI, CI, CUNBAE and WWI) were calculated, and Doppler ultrasound in the carotid artery (cIMT and atherosclerosis plaque) was performed to detect SCAA. All analyzed anthropometric indices, except BMI, BAI and CUNBAE, were significantly higher in patients with SCAA. ABSI, BRI, CI, WHR, WHtR and WWI and were associated with SCAA in the univariate analysis (p<0.05); however, only ABSI (adjusted OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.10-2.38; p= 0.042) was significantly associated with SCAA in the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, only ABSI was significantly positively associated with SCAA, independent of other confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Costo-Muriel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Comarcal de la AXARQUÍA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Julián F Calderón-García
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sergio Rico-Martín
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
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Spain DR, Andrews AM, Crews SA, Khan JM. Males With Traumatic Lower Limb Loss Differ in Body Fat Distribution Compared to Those Without Limb Loss. Mil Med 2023; 188:e140-e144. [PMID: 34143209 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to examine body fat composition in males with traumatic lower limb loss and a comparison group without limb loss. A secondary objective was to determine if there are differences in body fat composition by traumatic limb loss level. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Cross-sectional analyses of baseline in-person intake data was completed at a large military medical center. Data were collected from 2011 to 2020, and analysis was conducted in 2020. Participants (n = 89) included males who sustained traumatic lower limb loss (n = 50) and an age-matched comparison group without limb loss (n = 39). Mean age of participants was 36.0 ± 13.2 years. Main outcomes measured included age, height, body mass index, weight, body fat mass and percent, android fat mass and percent, gynoid fat mass and percent, and android/gynoid percent fat ratio. Differences between groups were assessed using t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Differences between limb loss levels were assessed using one-way ANOVA or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Body fat percent (P = .001), gynoid fat percent (P = .010), android fat mass (P = .01), and percent (P = .02) were higher in the group with limb loss. There were no differences in body fat composition between limb loss levels (P > .05). CONCLUSION Males with traumatic lower limb loss had a higher body fat percent compared to those without limb loss. Given higher body fat composition in individuals with limb loss and the relationship between body fat composition and cardiovascular disease risk, including body composition analysis with clinical screening could identify changes and allow for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Spain
- Nutrition Services Department, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,U.S. Military-Baylor, Graduate Program of Nutrition, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,Nutrition Care Division, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA
| | - Anne M Andrews
- Research Protections Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20889, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, and US Military-Baylor Graduate Program in Nutrition, Nutrition Services Department, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sara A Crews
- U.S. Military-Baylor, Graduate Program of Nutrition, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,Nutrition Services Department, Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Hood, TX 76544, USA
| | - Joetta M Khan
- Nutrition Services Department, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Kouda K, Fujita Y, Nakama C, Ohara K, Tachiki T, Tamaki J, Yura A, Moon JS, Kajita E, Imai N, Uenishi K, Iki M. Association between trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio and renal function in elderly Japanese men: baseline data from the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) study. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:30. [PMID: 37183008 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central obesity as measured by waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) has been reported to be associated with renal hemodynamics and function. However, the adipose component of WHR, which is a composite measure of fat mass and fat-free mass, is small, particularly in nonobese subjects. Trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio as measured using dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) is a more precise method for evaluating central fat distribution than WHR. The present study investigated the cross-sectional association between DXA-measured trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in community-dwelling elderly Japanese men. METHODS Participants were 575 men aged ≥65 years at the time of the baseline survey of the second Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) cohort study. Trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio (TAR) was calculated as trunk fat divided by appendicular fat (sum of arm and leg fat), and trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR) as trunk fat divided by leg fat. RESULTS eGFR values significantly decreased from the lowest to the highest quintile of TAR/TLR. After adjusting for potential confounding factors including whole-body fat, the highest quintile of both TAR and TLR showed statistically significant odds ratios for the risk of eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, relative to the lowest quintile. In addition, a significant decreasing trend was observed for eGFR values from the lowest to the highest quintile of TAR/TLR after adjusting for confounding factors including whole-body fat. CONCLUSION Elderly men with a large trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio tended to have a lower eGFR. This association occurred independently of that between whole-body fat and eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Center for Medical Education, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Chikako Nakama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University
| | - Kumiko Ohara
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University
| | | | - Junko Tamaki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Akiko Yura
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
| | | | | | - Nami Imai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Business Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kazuhiro Uenishi
- Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University
| | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
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Mirrafiei A, Jabbarzadeh B, Hosseini Y, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. No association between dietary magnesium intake and body composition among Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:39. [PMID: 35484632 PMCID: PMC9052595 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is becoming more prevalent worldwide. Magnesium (Mg) intake may play a role in the regulation of energy metabolism and body weight. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary Mg intake and body composition among healthy adults. METHODS A total of 778 adult men and women aged 18-59 years who attended health care centers in Tehran, Iran, entered the final analysis. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire with 168 items and the dietary Mg intake was estimated using Nutritionist IV software. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were collected and body composition was evaluated employing the Body Mass Index (BMI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Lipid Accumulation Index (LAP), and Triglyceride-Glucose index (TyG). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the association of the dietary Mg intake with body composition indices. RESULTS The mean daily dietary Mg intake was 294 ± 140 mg in men and 262 ± 112 mg in women. Unadjusted linear regression showed that dietary magnesium intake is significantly associated with a waist to hip ratio (WHR) and total cholesterol (TC) in men, and hip circumference (HC) in women. After adjusting for potential confounders including age, education, marriage, occupation and smoking, total energy intake, and activity score, there remained no significant association between dietary Mg intake and any of the body composition indices including BMI, ABSI, BAI, BRI, VAI, LAP, and TyG neither in men nor women. CONCLUSION Higher Mg intake was not associated with anthropometric indices in Iranian adults, according to our findings. Additional observational studies would be beneficial in clarifying the existing findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mirrafiei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Bahareh Jabbarzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Yasaman Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran.
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Wilkens TL, Tranæs K, Eriksen JN, Dragsted LO. Moderate alcohol consumption and lipoprotein subfractions: a systematic review of intervention and observational studies. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:1311-1339. [PMID: 34957513 PMCID: PMC9308455 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improvement in cardiovascular risk markers, including lipoproteins and lipoprotein subfractions. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the relationship between moderate alcohol intake, lipoprotein subfractions, and related mechanisms. DATA SOURCES Following PRISMA, all human and ex vivo studies with an alcohol intake up to 60 g/d were included from 8 databases. DATA EXTRACTION A total of 17 478 studies were screened, and data were extracted from 37 intervention and 77 observational studies. RESULTS Alcohol intake was positively associated with all HDL subfractions. A few studies found lower levels of small LDLs, increased average LDL particle size, and nonlinear relationships to apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Cholesterol efflux capacity and paraoxonase activity were consistently increased. Several studies had unclear or high risk of bias, and heterogeneous laboratory methods restricted comparability between studies. CONCLUSIONS Up to 60 g/d alcohol can cause changes in lipoprotein subfractions and related mechanisms that could influence cardiovascular health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. 98955.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine L Wilkens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Tranæs
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane N Eriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Developing neck circumference growth reference charts for Pakistani children and adolescents using the lambda-mu-sigma and quantile regression method. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5641-5649. [PMID: 34431474 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neck circumference (NC) is currently used as an embryonic marker of obesity and its associated risks. But its use in clinical evaluations and other epidemiological purposes requires sex and age-specific standardised cut-offs which are still scarce for the Pakistani paediatric population. We therefore developed sex and age-specific growth reference charts for NC for Pakistani children and adolescents aged 2-18 years. DESIGN Cross-sectional multi-ethnic anthropometric survey (MEAS) study. SETTING Multan, Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad. PARTICIPANTS The dataset of 10 668 healthy Pakistani children and adolescents aged 2-18 years collected in MEAS were used. Information related to age, sex and NC were taken as study variables. The lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) and quantile regression (QR) methods were applied to develop growth reference charts for NC. RESULTS The 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th smoothed percentile values of NC were presented. The centile values showed that neck size increased with age in both boys and girls. During 8 and 14 years of age, girls were found to have larger NC than boys. A comparison of NC median (50th) percentile values with references from Iranian and Turkish populations reveals substantially lower NC percentiles in Pakistani children and adolescents compared to their peers in the reference population. CONCLUSION The comparative results suggest that the uses of NC references of developed countries are inadequate for Pakistani children. A small variability between empirical centiles and centiles obtained by QR procedure recommends that growth charts should be constructed by QR as an alternative method.
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Kouda K, Fujita Y, Ohara K, Tachiki T, Tamaki J, Yura A, Moon JS, Kajita E, Uenishi K, Iki M. Associations between trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio and cardiometabolic risk factors in elderly Japanese men: baseline data from the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) study. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:35. [PMID: 33743595 PMCID: PMC7980554 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body mass-independent parameters might be more appropriate for assessing cardiometabolic abnormalities than weight-dependent indices in Asians who have relatively high visceral adiposity but low body fat. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio is one such body mass-independent index. However, there are no reports on relationships between DXA-measured regional fat ratio and cardiometabolic risk factors targeting elderly Asian men. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data of 597 elderly men who participated in the baseline survey of the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) study, a community-based single-center prospective cohort study conducted in Japan. Whole-body fat and regional fat were measured with a DXA scanner. Trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio (TAR) was calculated as trunk fat divided by appendicular fat (sum of arm and leg fat), and trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR) as trunk fat divided by leg fat. Results Both TAR and TLR in the group of men who used ≥ 1 medication for hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes (“user group”; N = 347) were significantly larger than those who did not use such medication (“non-user group”; N = 250) (P < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounding factors including whole-body fat, both TAR and TLR were significantly associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting serum insulin, and the insulin resistance index in the non-user group and non-overweight men in the non-user group (N = 199). Conclusion The trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors independently of whole-body fat mass. Parameters of the fat ratio may be useful for assessing cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly in underweight to normal-weight populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ohara
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tachiki
- Chukyo Gakuin University Faculty of Nursing, 2216 Tokicho, Mizunami, Gifu, 509-6192, Japan
| | - Junko Tamaki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Akiko Yura
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Jong-Seong Moon
- Department of Nursing, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umami-naka, Koryo-cho, Nara, 635-0832, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kajita
- Chukyo Gakuin University Faculty of Nursing, 2216 Tokicho, Mizunami, Gifu, 509-6192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uenishi
- Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0288, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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11
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Aslani Z, Bahreynian M, Namazi N, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Asayesh H, Motlagh ME, Pourmirzaei MA, Kasaeian A, Mahdavi-Gorabi A, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Association of dietary acid load with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:555-567. [PMID: 32172506 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High dietary acid load (DAL) may have an influence on anthropometric indices. Given that there was no study on the association between DAL and anthropometric indices children and adolescents, the current study was aimed to examine the association between DAL and anthropometric indices in Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS Students aged 6-18 years were recruited using a multi-stage, cluster sampling method from 30 provinces of Iran. Dietary intake was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Height (Ht), weight (Wt), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), wrist circumference, and hip circumference (HC) were measured. WC-to-HC ratio (WHR), WC-to-Ht ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI) z-score, tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), and parental BMI were computed. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were used to estimate DAL. The association between DAL and anthropometric indices was evaluated using linear regression models. RESULTS In total, 5326 students (46.92% girls), with mean (standard deviations (SD)) age of 12.50 (3.14) years participated in the study (response rate: 98.13%). After adjusting for confounders, there was a significant association between NEAP and NC (P < 0.05). Also, an inverse association was observed between PRAL and NEAP with parental BMI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings showed a direct association between diet-induced acid load and NC and an inverse association between DAL indices and parental BMI. More well-designed clinical studies are warranted to confirm our results and the underlying mechanisms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aslani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahreynian
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Pourmirzaei
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Kasaeian
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. .,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Zhou R, Li F, Chen G, Fu Q, Gu S, Wu X. Associations between general and abdominal obesity and incident diabetic neuropathy in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2021; 13:33-42. [PMID: 32500961 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological evidence on the sex-specific association of obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, as reflected by larger waist circumference (WC), with incident diabetic neuropathy (DN) remains limited. METHODS We used data from a patient cohort with a median 10-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus at the time of recruitment. A composite outcome of four types of predefined DN (Neuro 1-4) was used as the outcome of interest. Because of sex differences in abdominal obesity, analyses were conducted separately for men and women. RESULTS Among the 7442 participants (4551 men and 2891 women) recruited in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study, 3999 cases of incident DN were documented (2529 in men and 1470 in women). Larger WCs were associated with a higher risk of DN among both men and women. Compared with the lowest quintile, the hazard ratio (HR) for the highest quintile was 1.30 (95% CI 1.13-1.49) among men (Ptrend <.001). For women, the HR for the highest vs lowest quintile was 1.25 (95% CI 1.04-1.51) (Ptrend <.001). A linear relationship between WC and DN was observed in men, and in women, the risk of DN increased as the WC quintile increased before it appeared to plateau. The relationship between body mass index and incident DN was similar to the results observed for WC. CONCLUSION General and abdominal obesity were both associated with an increased risk of incident DN among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, regardless of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Furong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guochong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shanyuan Gu
- Baiyun Jinkang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianbo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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13
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Asif M, Aslam M, Wyszyńska J, Altaf S, Ahmad S. Diagnostic Performance of Neck Circumference and Cut-off Values for Identifying Overweight and Obese Pakistani Children: A Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 12:366-376. [PMID: 32295325 PMCID: PMC7711643 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2019.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neck circumference (NC) is considered to be an alternative screening method for obesity. The aims were: (1) to examine the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and NC; and (2) to determine diagnostic performance including the best cut-off values of NC for identification of overweight and obese Pakistani children. METHODS The study sample was 7,921 children, aged 5-14 years, by cross-sectional survey carried-out in four major cities of Pakistan. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to investigate the diagnostics performance of NC and to determine the optimal cut-off points for identifying children with overweight and obesity. RESULTS The mean of each anthropometric variable (i.e., height, weight, BMI and NC) increased with age in both sexes. In the whole sample, NC had a strong positive correlation (r=0.61, p<0.01) with BMI. NC optimal cut-off points for identifying overweight and obesity in Pakistani boys ranged between 25.00 to 30.35 cm and the corresponding values for the girls were 24.00 to 31.62 cm. In the prepubertal period, NC cut-off points indicative overweight, in both boys and girls were 26.36 cm and 25.27 cm, respectively; the corresponding values for obesity were 26.78 cm and 25.02 cm. During puberty, the cut-off values for overweight and obesity respectively were 28.32 cm and 28.57 cm in boys and 28.70 cm and 28.82 cm in girls. CONCLUSION NC may be used as a simple and widely applicable measure for identification of overweight and obesity with reasonable accuracy in Pakistani children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Govt. Degree College, Qadir Pur Raan, Department of Statistics, Multan, Pakistan,* Address for Correspondence: Govt. Degree College, Qadir Pur Raan, Department of Statistics, Multan, Pakistan Phone: +923326038247 E-mail:
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Department of Statistics, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Saima Altaf
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Department of Statistics, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Department of Statistics, Multan, Pakistan
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14
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Rico-Martín S, Calderón-García JF, Sánchez-Rey P, Franco-Antonio C, Martínez Alvarez M, Sánchez Muñoz-Torrero JF. Effectiveness of body roundness index in predicting metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13023. [PMID: 32267621 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Body roundness index (BRI) is a new anthropometric index developed to predict both body fat and the percentage of visceral adipose tissue. Our aim was to investigate whether BRI is superior to traditional anthropometric indices in predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Sciences databases. The estimated pooled areas under curve (AUCs) for BRI predicting MetS was higher than body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body shape index (ABSI) and body adiposity index (BAI), similar to waist circumference (WC) and lower than waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). However, the difference between BRI and BMI, WC and WHtR predicting MetS was statistically non-significant. Similar results were found with the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-SROC). In addition, the non-Chinese population had pooled AUCs greater than the Chinese population for all indices. Pooled ORs showed that BRI is associated with an increased MetS risk. In conclusion, BRI had good discriminatory power for MetS in adults of both sexes from diverse populations (AUC > 0.7; AUC-SROC>0.7). However, WC and WHtR offer the best performance when screening for MetS, and non-significant differences were found with BRI. In contrast, BRI was superior to BMI, WHR, ABSI and BAI in predicting MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rico-Martín
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Julían F Calderón-García
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Purificación Sánchez-Rey
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Cristina Franco-Antonio
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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15
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Shubeska Stratrova S, Kostova E. Dyslipidemic profile in healthy women in relation to body fat distribution. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2020. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2020.66.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity is associated with particularly adverse lipidemic profile. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the dyslipidemic profile in healthy women with extreme abdominal obesity determined anthropometrically. Lipid profile and atherogenic indexes were determined in 80 healthy women, grouped in 4 groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and grouped in 3 groups according to their body fat distribution (BFD) by means of anthropometric indexes waist/hip ratio (WHR) and waist/thigh ratio circumference (WTR): group M with normal BFD (WHR<0.85 and WTR<1.45), group N with moderate (WHR 0.85-1 and WTR 1.45-1.7) and group O with extremely expressed abdominal BFD.
HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (0.84±0.26mmol/L) were significantly lowest in group O (p<0.002), and significantly lower compared to group N (1.14±0.43mmol/L) (p<0.006). Triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher in group O compared to group M (p<0.001) and also higher in group N compared to group M (p<0.044). Atherogenic indexes C/HDL-C, LDL/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C values in group O were significantly higher compared to the corresponding values in group M (p<0.004; p< 0.006; p<0.001), and their values were also higher in group O compared to group N, but with lower significance of the difference (p<0.05) indicating lower increase of the atherogenic indexes in moderate and significant increase in women with extreme abdominal obesity.
Dyslipidemic profile and high atherogenic indexes in women with abdominal obesity with significantly highest WHR, WTR and BMI values indicated the need to intervene earlier and more effectively in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic risks.
Keywords: abdominal obesity, anthropometric indexes, lipid profile, atherogenic indexes
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Shubeska Stratrova
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Elena Kostova
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 50 Divizija 6, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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16
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Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed adipose tissues in metabolically unhealthy normal weight Asians. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17698. [PMID: 31776349 PMCID: PMC6881341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower risk for cardiometabolic diseases. However, there is a subset of individuals with BMI in this range who present with this metabolic abnormality (called metabolically unhealthy normal weight, MUHNW). Here we aimed to assess the adipose characteristics of people with MUHNW using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This study included 3259 people with normal BMI who underwent health examinations from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2016. Body fat percentage (%BF), android-gynoid percent fat ratio (AG ratio), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured simultaneously using DXA CoreScan software. Those with MUHNW comprised 12.67% of the sample. Among those with MUHNW, 71.6% of the women and 56.5% of the men showed high VAT amounts, but less than 40% of either showed high %BFs. Furthermore, considering the combined effects of fat amount and distribution, a normal BMI accompanied by high AG ratio and/or high VAT mass but low %BF presents a much higher risk for metabolic syndrome than when %BF is high, most predominantly in women. In conclusion, using DXA-measured abdominal fat, particularly VAT accumulation, is clinically more important than using %BF when assessing metabolic syndrome in those with normal BMI.
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17
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Kang EY, Yim JE. Differences in dietary intakes, body compositions, and biochemical indices between metabolically healthy and metabolically abnormal obese Korean women. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:488-497. [PMID: 31814924 PMCID: PMC6883231 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.6.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES There are various factors that affect metabolic abnormalities related to obesity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in dietary intakes and body compositions of obese women according to metabolic risks and to classify them as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or metabolically abnormal obese (MAO). SUBJECTS/METHODS This study was conducted on 59 obese Korean women aged 19 to 60 years. NCEP-ATPIII criteria were applied and the women classified as MHO (n = 45) or MAO (n = 14). Body composition of each subject was measured by using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Three-day food records were used to analyze dietary intake. Eating habits and health-related behaviors were determined through questionnaires. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure resting metabolic rate and respiratory rate. RESULTS The average age of the subjects was 43.7 years. The analysis of body composition according to phenotype revealed significantly higher body fat mass (P < 0.05), arm fat mass (P < 0.05), and android fat mass (P < 0.05), as measured by DEXA, in the MAO group than in the MHO group. There was no significant difference in the dietary intake of the two groups. However, eating behaviors differed. Compared to the MHO group, the MAO women had a shorter meal time (less than 10 minutes), a preference of oily foods, and a tendency to eat until full. Therefore, the eating habits of MHO women were more positive than those of MAO women. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that fat distribution in each body region affects various metabolic abnormalities. A high level of arm fat mass in obese Korean women may increase metabolic risk. In addition, eating habits of obese Korean women are considered to be environmental factors affecting the metabolic phenotype of obese Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yeong Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro Uichang-gu, Changwon 51140, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Yim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro Uichang-gu, Changwon 51140, Korea
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18
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Henderson M, Van Hulst A, von Oettingen JE, Benedetti A, Paradis G. Normal weight metabolically unhealthy phenotype in youth: Do definitions matter? Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:143-151. [PMID: 30294842 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal weight metabolically unhealthy (NWMU) adults are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disease, however, little is known regarding NWMU children. OBJECTIVES We examined the associations between existing definitions of NWMU in children aged 8 to 10 years and insulin sensitivity (IS) and secretion 2 years later. METHODS Data stem from the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort of 630 Caucasian youth, 8 to 10 years old at baseline, with at least one obese biological parent. Of these, 322 normal weight children were classified as NWMU using four definitions. At 10 to 12 years, IS was measured with the Matsuda-insulin sensitivity index; insulin secretion was measured with the ratio of the area under the curve (AUC) of insulin to the AUC of glucose over a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Multiple linear regression models were used. RESULTS Because few children met the existing definitions of metabolic syndrome, associations were examined for less stringent definitions (eg, having two vs no risk factors). At baseline, IS was lower in NWMU children compared to children with no risk factors (virtually all definitions). Moreover, after 2 years, IS was 14.4-19.3% lower in NWMU children with one or more risk factors, and up to 29.7% lower in those with two or more risk factors compared to those with none. Insulin secretion was not predicted by components of the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Existing definitions of NWMU youth performed relatively similarly in predicting IS as youth entered puberty. Children with one or more components of metabolic syndrome-even when of normal weight-have significantly lower IS over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Henderson
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andraea Van Hulst
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia E von Oettingen
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Paradis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Feasibility and Health Effects of a 15-Week Combined Exercise Programme for Sedentary Elderly: A Randomised Controlled Trial. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3081029. [PMID: 30809536 PMCID: PMC6364114 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3081029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that considerable health benefits can be achieved even with small amounts of physical activity. However, getting people to exercise regularly is a major challenge not least in the elderly population. This study investigated the feasibility and physiological health effects of a pragmatic 15-week exercise programme for sedentary elderly. In a single-blind randomised controlled trial, 45 sedentary 60-83-year-olds (25 women, 20 men) were randomly assigned (2:1 ratio) to a training group (TG, n=30) or a control group (CG, n=15). The training in TG consisted of a combination of exercise modalities (i.e., strength, aerobic fitness, stability, and flexibility training) performed once a week as supervised group-based training and a weekly home-based training for 15 weeks. Feasibility outcomes were exercise intensity, adherence, and adverse events. The primary outcome was change in aerobic fitness (VO2max/kg). Adherence was high (81%) for the supervised exercise and low (0%) for the home-based exercise. No acute injuries occurred in TG, but 4 subjects (13%) reported considerable joint pain related to training. Average heart rate (HR) during the supervised training was 104±12 beats/min (69.3±8.0%HRmax), with 3.9±7.3% of training time >90%HRmax. Intention-to-treat analyses revealed no between-group differences for aerobic fitness (P=0.790) or any secondary cardiovascular outcomes at 15-week follow-up (resting HR or blood pressure; P>0.05). Compared to CG, bodyweight (-2.3 kg, 95% CI -4.0 to -7.0; P=0.006), total fat mass (-2.0 kg, 95% CI -3.5 to -0.5; P=0.01), and total fat percentage (-1.6%, 95% CI -2.8 to -0.3; P=0.01) decreased in TG. The group-based supervised training had high adherence and moderate exercise intensity, whereas the home-based training was not feasible in this study population. This exercise programme performed once a week did not improve aerobic fitness. Thus, supervised training with more vigorous intensity control appears advisable. Clinical Study registration number is H-15016951.
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20
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Payab M, Qorbani M, Shahbal N, Motlagh ME, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Zahedi H, Shafiee G, Ziaodini H, Pourmirzaiee MA, Heshmat R, Kelishadi R. Association of Anthropometric Indices With Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity in Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:786. [PMID: 31849834 PMCID: PMC6902658 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity, particularly in the upper part of the body, is a major health problem. Measuring the neck circumference (NC) and wrist circumference (WrC) is a relatively new method of differentiating between normal and abnormal fat distributions. This study aimed to evaluate the association of NC, hip circumference (HC), and WrC with different phenotypes of obesity and their metabolic status. Methods: In this multi-centric cross-sectional study, 4,200 students aged 7-18 years were selected from 30 provinces in Iran in 2014 by using a multistage cluster random sampling method. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined based on the ATP III criteria modified for the pediatric age group. The subjects were classified into four groups according to their weight and metabolic status: metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically non-healthy non-obese (MNHNO), metabolically non-healthy obese (MNHO), and metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO). Results: Significant but different associations of NC, HC, and WrC with obesity phenotypes were documented in the entire population. Significant but different associations of NC, HC, and WrC with metabolic phenotypes were also found in the entire population. In the multinomial logistic regression, the association of the different obesity phenotypes with the study anthropometric indices increased significantly with increasing NC, WrC, and HC. Also, per one unit increment in NC, HC, and WrC, the odds of MHO, MNHNO, and MNHO increased compared to that of the MHNO phenotype. Conclusion: In children and adolescents, HC, NC, and WrC are significantly associated with obesity phenotypes and their metabolic status, and these metrics are suggested to be innovative, low-cost, and alternative tools for assessing them in different age and sex pediatric age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mostafa Qorbani
| | - Nazila Shahbal
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Zahedi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Ziaodini
- Health Psychology Research Center, Education Ministry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Pourmirzaiee
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Ramin Heshmat
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Saint-Laurent C, Garcia S, Sarrazy V, Dumas K, Authier F, Sore S, Tran A, Gual P, Gennero I, Salles JP, Gouze E. Early postnatal soluble FGFR3 therapy prevents the atypical development of obesity in achondroplasia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195876. [PMID: 29652901 PMCID: PMC5898762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Achondroplasia is a rare genetic disease is characterized by abnormal bone development and early obesity. While the bone aspect of the disease has been thoroughly studied, early obesity affecting approximately 50% of them during childhood has been somewhat neglected. It nevertheless represents a major health problem in these patients, and is associated to life-threatening complications including increasing risk of cardiovascular pathologies. We have thus decided to study obesity in patients and to use the mouse model to evaluate if soluble FGFR3 therapy, an innovative treatment approach for achondroplasia, could also impact the development of this significant complication. Methods and findings To achieve this, we have first fully characterized the metabolic deregulations in these patients by conducting a longitudinal retrospective study, in children with achondroplasia Anthropometric, densitometric measures as well as several blood parameters were recorded and compared between three age groups ranging from [0–3], [4–8] and [9–18] years old. Our results show unexpected results with the development of an atypical obesity with preferential fat deposition in the abdomen that is remarkably not associated with classical complications of obesity such as diabetes or hypercholosterolemia. Because it is not associated with diabetes, the atypical obesity has not been studied in the past even though it is recognized as a real problem in these patients. These results were validated in a murine model of achondroplasia (Fgfr3ach/+) where similar visceral adiposity was observed. Unexpected alterations in glucose metabolism were highlighted during high-fat diet. Glucose, insulin or lipid levels remained low, without the development of diabetes. Very interestingly, in achondroplasia mice treated with soluble FGFR3 during the growth period (from D3 to D22), the development of these metabolic deregulations was prevented in adult animals (between 4 and 14 weeks of age). The lean-over-fat tissues ratio was restored and glucose metabolism showed normal levels. Treating Fgfr3ach/+ mice with soluble FGFR3 during the growth period, prevented the development of these metabolic deregulations in adult animals and restored lean-over-fat tissues ratio as well as glucose metabolism in adult animals. Conclusion This study demonstrate that achondroplasia patients develop an atypical obesity with preferential abdominal obesity not associated with classical complications. These results suggest that achondroplasia induces an uncommon metabolism of energy, directly linked to the FGFR3 mutation. These data strongly suggest that this common complication of achondroplasia should be included in the clinical management of patients. In this context, sFGFR3 proved to be a promising treatment for achondroplasia by normalizing the biology at different levels, not only restoring bone growth but also preventing the atypical visceral obesity and some metabolic deregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Saint-Laurent
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Karine Dumas
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | - Sophie Sore
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Albert Tran
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Gennero
- University of Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Inserm, CPTP, Toulouse, France
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Institut Federatif de Biologie, Toulouse University hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Salles
- University of Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Inserm, CPTP, Toulouse, France
- Endocrine, Bone Diseases, and Genetics Unit, Children's Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Elvire Gouze
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France
- * E-mail:
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Fukuda T, Bouchi R, Takeuchi T, Tsujimoto K, Minami I, Yoshimoto T, Ogawa Y. Sarcopenic obesity assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can predict cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective observational study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:55. [PMID: 29636045 PMCID: PMC5891961 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenic obesity, defined as reduced skeletal muscle mass and power with increased adiposity, was reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease risks in previous cross-sectional studies. Whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can simultaneously evaluate both fat and muscle mass, therefore, whole body DXA may be suitable for the diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity. However, little is known regarding whether sarcopenic obesity determined using whole body DXA could predict incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of sarcopenic obesity on incident CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 716 Japanese patients (mean age 65 ± 13 years; 47.0% female) were enrolled. Android fat mass (kg), gynoid fat mass (kg), and skeletal muscle index (SMI) calculated as appendicular non-fat mass (kg) divided by height squared (m2), were measured using whole body DXA. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the coexistence of low SMI and obesity determined by four patterns of obesity as follows: android to gynoid ratio (A/G ratio), android fat mass or percentage of body fat (%BF) was higher than the sex-specific median, or body mass index (BMI) was equal to or greater than 25 kg/m2. The study endpoint was the first occurrence or recurrence of CVD. Results Over a median follow up of 2.6 years (IQR 2.1–3.2 years), 53 patients reached the endpoint. Sarcopenic obesity was significantly associated with incident CVD even after adjustment for the confounding variables, when using A/G ratio [hazard ratio (HR) 2.63, 95% CI 1.10–6.28, p = 0.030] and android fat mass (HR 2.57, 95% CI 1.01–6.54, p = 0.048) to define obesity, but not %BF (HR 1.67, 95% CI 0.69–4.02, p = 0.252), and BMI (HR 1.55, 95% CI 0.44–5.49, p = 0.496). Conclusions The present data suggest that the whole body DXA is valuable in the diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity (high A/G ratio or android fat mass with low SMI) to determine the risk of CVD events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Meanwhile, sarcopenic obesity classified with low SMI, and high %BF or BMI was not associated with incident CVD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0700-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Fukuda
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Bouchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. .,Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takato Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Tsujimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Isao Minami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yoshimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Singh A, Bains K, Kaur H. Relationship of Eating Behaviors with Age, Anthropometric Measurements, and Body Composition Parameters among Professional Indian Women. Ecol Food Nutr 2017; 56:411-423. [PMID: 28895763 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2017.1366317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
One hundred volunteer female college teachers were selected from Jalandhar, Punjab, India. General obesity was found in 56.6%, 76.9%, and 76.2%, abdominal obesity in 56.6%, 57.7%, and 81.0%, of 30- to 39-year-old (Group I), 40- to 49-year-old, (Group II) and 50- to 59-year-old (Group III) participants, respectively. A significantly (p ≤ .05) lower mean value of uncontrolled eating domain was observed in the participants belonging to Group I in comparison to Groups II and III. The cognitive restraint was less in Group III (13.71%), followed by Group II (14.04%) and I (13.71%). The mean values of emotional eating domain revealed not much difference in Group I (12.19%), Group II (12.65%), and Group III (12.00%). Adiposity showed a significant (p ≤ .10, .05) relationship with age and eating behaviors. In conclusion, lesser cognitive dietary restraint and emotional eating were the variables associated with adiposity in the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatma Singh
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , Punjab Agricultural University , Ludhiana , Punjab , India
| | - Kiran Bains
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , Punjab Agricultural University , Ludhiana , Punjab , India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , Punjab Agricultural University , Ludhiana , Punjab , India
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Castro-Piñero J, Delgado-Alfonso A, Gracia-Marco L, Gómez-Martínez S, Esteban-Cornejo I, Veiga OL, Marcos A, Segura-Jiménez V. Neck circumference and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016048. [PMID: 28899889 PMCID: PMC5640146 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, is crucial to prevent adverse long-term effects on individuals' health. Therefore, the aims were: (1) to explore the robustness of neck circumference (NC) as a predictor of CVD and examine its association with numerous anthropometric and body composition indices and (2) to release sex and age-specific NC cut-off values to classify youths as overweight/obese. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING 23 primary schools and 17 secondary schools from Spain. PARTICIPANTS 2198 students (1060 girls), grades 1-4 and 7-10. MEASURES Pubertal development, anthropometric and body composition indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), cardiorespiratory fitness, blood sampling triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), glucose and inflammatory markers. Homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and cluster of CVD risk factors were calculated. RESULTS NC was negatively associated with maximum oxygen consumption (R2=0.231, P<0.001 for boys; R2=0.018, P<0.001 for girls) and adiponectin (R2=0.049, P<0.001 for boys; R2=0.036, P<0.001 for girls); and positively associated with SBP, DBP, TC/HDL-c, TG, HOMA, complement factors C-3 and C-4, leptin and clustered CVD risk factor in both sexes (R2 from 0.035 to 0.353, P<0.01 for boys; R2 from 0.024 to 0.215, P<0.001 for girls). Moreover, NC was positively associated with serum C reactive protein and LDL-c only in boys (R2 from 0.013 to 0.055, P<0.05). CONCLUSION NC is a simple, low-cost and practical screening tool of excess of upper body obesity and CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. Paediatricians can easily use it as a screening tool for overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. For this purpose, sex and age-specific thresholds to classify children and adolescents as normal weight or overweight/obese are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Alvaro Delgado-Alfonso
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- GENUD 'Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development' Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Gómez-Martínez
- Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Segura-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
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Patnaik L, Pattnaik S, Rao EV, Sahu T. Validating neck circumference and waist circumference as anthropometric measures of overweight/obesity in adolescents. Indian Pediatr 2017; 54:377-380. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-017-1110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Kouda K, Dongmei N, Tamaki J, Iki M, Tachiki T, Kajita E, Nakatani Y, Uenishi K, Kagamimori S, Kagawa Y, Yoneshima H. Relative Importance of Central and Peripheral Adiposities on Cardiometabolic Variables in Females: A Japanese Population-Based Study. J Clin Densitom 2017; 20:58-65. [PMID: 27216083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In epidemiological studies, there is little evidence regarding the relative impact of central adiposity and peripheral adiposity on cardiometabolic risk factors, especially in Asian populations. This study investigated associations between central-to-peripheral fat ratios and cardiometabolic variables using data from a population-based study of Japanese women. The source population was composed of 1800 women aged 50 yr or older at the 15th- to 16th-yr follow-up survey of the Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis Cohort Study. This study analyzed cross-sectional data from 998 women for whom complete information about body fat variables according to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, cardiometabolic variables, and potential confounding factors was available. Both before and after adjusting for potential confounding factors, trunk-to-appendicular fat ratios showed significant (p < 0.05) correlations with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, serum lipids, and hemoglobin A1c levels. Relationships between fat ratios and cardiometabolic variables were independent of relationships between fat volumes (in whole body or in trunk) and cardiometabolic variables. Furthermore, relationships between trunk-to-appendicular fat ratios and cardiometabolic variables were observed among women in the lowest tertile of total body fat (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, β = 0.08; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, β = -0.32; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, β = 0.15; and hemoglobin A1C, β = 0.16; p < 0.05, respectively). Central adiposity is more related to cardiometabolic variables than peripheral adiposity. Information on central-to-peripheral fat ratios is particularly valuable for the evaluation of relatively thin Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Namiraa Dongmei
- Department of Orthopedic Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Junko Tamaki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Tachiki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kajita
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakatani
- Department of Nursing Science, Fukui Prefectural University Faculty of Nursing and Social Welfare Sciences, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uenishi
- Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado, Japan
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Joris PJ, Plat J, Kusters YH, Houben AJ, Stehouwer CDA, Schalkwijk CG, Mensink RP. Diet-induced weight loss improves not only cardiometabolic risk markers but also markers of vascular function: a randomized controlled trial in abdominally obese men. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:23-31. [PMID: 27881395 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.143552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many trials assessing effects of dietary weight loss on vascular function have been performed without no-weight loss control groups and in individuals with obesity-related morbidities. Usually a limited set of vascular function markers has been investigated. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine effects of diet-induced weight loss on various vascular function markers and differences between normal-weight and abdominally obese men at baseline and after weight reduction. DESIGN Twenty-five healthy, normal-weight men (waist circumference: <94 cm) and 54 abdominally obese men (waist circumference: 102-110 cm) participated. Abdominally obese participants were randomly allocated to a dietary weight-loss or a no-weight loss control group. Individuals from the weight-loss group followed a calorie-restricted diet for 6 wk to obtain a waist circumference <102 cm followed by a weight-maintenance period of 2 wk. The control group maintained their habitual diet and physical activity levels. The primary outcome was the change in brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). RESULTS Compared with the control group, FMD did not change in the weight-loss group, but carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity tended to decrease by 0.5 m/s (P = 0.065). The retinal arteriolar caliber increased by 5 μm (P < 0.001) and the arteriolar-to-venular ratio by 0.02 (P < 0.01). Soluble endothelial selectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule concentrations decreased (P < 0.001). Also, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and blood pressure improved (P < 0.05 for all variables). Except for FMD, these markers differed at baseline between normal-weight and abdominally obese men but became comparable after weight loss. CONCLUSIONS In abdominally obese men, dietary weight loss targeting a waist circumference of <102 cm improved retinal microvascular caliber, plasma biomarkers of microvascular endothelial function, and the more conventional cardiometabolic risk markers. Aortic stiffness tended to decrease, but FMD was not changed. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01675401.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Joris
- Departments of Human Biology, NUTRIM (School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism) and .,Top Institute of Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Departments of Human Biology, NUTRIM (School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism) and
| | - Yvo Ham Kusters
- Internal Medicine, CARIM (School for Cardiovascular Diseases), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands; and.,Top Institute of Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alfons Jhm Houben
- Internal Medicine, CARIM (School for Cardiovascular Diseases), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands; and
| | - Coen DA Stehouwer
- Internal Medicine, CARIM (School for Cardiovascular Diseases), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands; and
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Internal Medicine, CARIM (School for Cardiovascular Diseases), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands; and
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Departments of Human Biology, NUTRIM (School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism) and.,Top Institute of Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Comparison of the ability to identify cardiometabolic risk factors between two new body indices and waist-to-height ratio among Chinese adults with normal BMI and waist circumference. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:984-991. [PMID: 27989263 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016003281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has been reported to be more strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among non-obese individuals than BMI and waist circumference (WC). A body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI) have been proposed recently to assess obesity-related disorders or mortalities. Our aim was to compare the ability of ABSI and BRI with that of WHtR to identify cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese adults with normal BMI and WC. DESIGN Receiver-operating characteristic curves and areas under the curve (AUC) were employed to evaluate the ability of the indices (WHtR, BRI, ABSI) to identify metabolic risk factors and to determine the indices' optimal cut-off values. The value of each index that resulted in maximization of the Youden index (sensitivity + specificity - 1) was defined as optimal. Differences in the AUC values between the indices were also evaluated. SETTING Individuals attending a voluntary health check-up in Beijing, China, July-December 2015, were recruited to the study. SUBJECTS Non-obese adults (n 1596). RESULTS Among both genders, ABSI exhibited the lowest AUC value for identifying each risk factor among the three indices; the AUC value of BRI for identifying each risk factor was very close to that of WHtR, and no significant differences were observed between the AUC values of the two new indices. CONCLUSIONS When evaluating cardiometabolic risk factors among non-obese adults, WHtR was a simple and effective index in the assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors, BRI could be used as an alternative body index to WHtR, while ABSI could not.
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Kelishadi R, Djalalinia S, Motlagh ME, Rahimi A, Bahreynian M, Arefirad T, Ardalan G, Safiri S, Hasani M, Asayesh H, Mansourian M, Qorbani M. Association of neck circumference with general and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents: the weight disorders survey of the CASPIAN-IV study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011794. [PMID: 27694487 PMCID: PMC5051415 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the association of neck circumference (NC) with obesity to determine the sex-specific and age-specific optimal cut-off points of this measure in association with obesity in a national sample of the Iranian paediatric population. METHODS This survey on weight disorders was conducted among a national sample of Iranian children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years. Using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic curves, we evaluated the association of NC with general and abdominal obesity. RESULTS This national survey was conducted among 23 043 school students (50.8% boys) with a mean age (SD) of 12.55 (3.31) years. A significant association was documented between NC and other anthropometric measures in both sexes and in the whole population. In all age groups and genders, NC performed relatively well in classifying participants to overweight (AUC: 0.67 to 0.75, p<0.001), general obesity (AUC: 0.81 to 0.85, p<0.001) and abdominal obesity (AUC: 0.73 to 0.78, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS NC can be considered as a simple time-saving clinical tool for obesity detection in large population-based studies in children and adolescents. It is significantly correlated with indices of adiposity and can reliably identify children with general and abdominal obesity in the Iranian paediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Rahimi
- School of Humanities and Tourism Management, Bangkok University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maryam Bahreynian
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Arefirad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Motahare Hasani
- Department of Nutrition, School of School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu PJ, Ma F, Lou HP, Zhu YN. Body roundness index and body adiposity index: two new anthropometric indices to identify metabolic syndrome among Chinese postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2016; 19:433-9. [PMID: 27410775 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2016.1202229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Body roundness index (BRI) and body adiposity index (BAI) have been recently proposed to assess obesity. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to compare their potential for identifying metabolic syndrome (MetS) with traditional obesity indices in Chinese postmenopausal women. METHODS A total of 817 participants were involved in this study. Odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) between MetS and all indices were evaluated by binary logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve and area under curve (AUC) were employed to evaluate the abilities to identify MetS among all the indices. The differences in the AUC values between traditional indices and BAI as well as BRI were also evaluated. RESULTS The upper values of all indices were significantly associated with the presence of MetS after adjusting for potential confounders, except for BAI. There were no significant differences in the AUC values between BRI and the traditional indices; however, the AUC values of all the traditional indices were significantly larger than that of BAI. CONCLUSIONS Neither BAI nor BRI was superior to traditional obesity indices for predicting MetS. BAI showed the weakest predictive ability, while BRI showed potential for use as an alternative obesity measure in assessment of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Liu
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition
| | - F Ma
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition
| | - H P Lou
- b Department of Medical Examination Center
| | - Y N Zhu
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China Academic Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , PR China
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Kouda K, Ohara K, Fujita Y, Nakamura H, Iki M. Trunk-to-Peripheral Fat Ratio Predicts Subsequent Blood Pressure Levels in Pubertal Children With Relatively Low Body Fat - Three-Year Follow-up Study. Circ J 2016; 80:1838-45. [PMID: 27295997 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies have examined the relationship between fat distribution measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and blood pressure (BP), and no cohort study has targeted a pediatric population. METHODS AND RESULTS The source population comprised all students registered as fifth graders in the 2 elementary schools in Hamamatsu, Japan. Of these, 258 children participated in both baseline (at age 11) and follow-up (at age 14) surveys. Body fat distribution was assessed using trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio (TAR) and trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR) measured by DXA. Relationships between BP levels and fat distribution (TAR or TLR) were examined after stratification by tertiles of whole-body fat.Systolic BP at follow-up was significantly (P<0.05) associated with both TAR (boys, β=0.33; girls β=0.36) and TLR (girls β=0.35) at baseline, after adjusting for confounding factors such as baseline BP in the lowest tertile of whole-body fat. Moreover, adjusted means of systolic and diastolic BPs in girls showed a significant increase from the lowest to highest tertile of TAR within the lowest tertile of whole-body fat. CONCLUSIONS Body fat distribution in childhood could predict subsequent BP levels in adolescence. Children with a relatively low body fat that is more centrally distributed tended to show relatively high BP later on. (Circ J 2016; 80: 1838-1845).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
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Shang X, Scott D, Hodge A, Khan B, Khan N, English DR, Giles GG, Ebeling PR, Sanders KM. Adiposity assessed by anthropometric measures has a similar or greater predictive ability than dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures for abdominal aortic calcification in community-dwelling older adults. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 32:1451-1460. [PMID: 27246927 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-0920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether adiposity assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared to simple anthropometric assessments, are more predictive of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), a risk factor for atherosclerosis. A cross-sectional study of 312 participants (60.3 % female) aged 70.6 ± 5.6 years was conducted in 2010-2011. AAC was assessed by radiography. Adiposity was estimated for whole body, trunk, android, gynoid and visceral regions using DXA in addition to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR). WHR [tertile 1 as reference, OR (95 % CI) for tertile 3: 3.62 (1.35-9.72)] and android to gynoid fat ratio [tertile 3: 2.87 (1.03-8.01)] were independent predictors of AAC severity among men. Positive associations with AAC severity were observed for WC [tertile 1 as reference, OR for tertile 3: 2.46 (1.12-5.41)], % trunk fat mass [tertile 2: 3.26 (1.52-7.03)], % android fat mass [tertile 2: 2.42 (1.13-5.18), tertile 3: 2.20 (1.02-4.73)] and visceral fat area [tertile 2: 2.28 (1.06-4.87), tertile 3: 2.32 (1.01-5.34)] among women. Indices of total body composition, BMI and % body fat mass were not associated with AAC severity in either men or women. Simple anthropometric measures, WHR and WC were the best predictors of AAC severity in men and women respectively, although higher android to gynoid fat ratio and central fat, assessed by DXA, were also predictive of higher risks of AAC severity in men and women respectively. Our findings add to existing evidence that relatively inexpensive and easily obtained anthropometric measures can be clinically useful indicators of atherosclerosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Shang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, Level 3, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, 3021, Australia. .,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - David Scott
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, Level 3, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, 3021, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, Australia.,The Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Allison Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Belal Khan
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, Level 3, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, 3021, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, Delhi, India
| | - Nayab Khan
- Department of Radiology, Diwan Chand Satyapal Aggarwaal Diagnostic Imaging Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Dallas R English
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, Australia.,The Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kerrie M Sanders
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, Level 3, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, 3021, Australia.,Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Taheri M, Kajbaf TZ, Taheri MR, Aminzadeh M. Neck Circumference as a Useful Marker for Screening Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents. Oman Med J 2016; 31:170-5. [PMID: 27162586 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overweight and obesity at an early age are an important criterion for predicting chronic diseases. Each anthropometric method available to assess obesity has its limitations. Recently, one of the indices proposed to better detect this complication is neck circumference (NC). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between NC, and body mass index (BMI), and to find a cutoff NC size to identify children with a high BMI. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 864 students aged 6-17 years from the schools in Ahvaz, Iran. Measurements, including height, weight, neck, mid-arm, and waist circumference (WC), and clinical information were collected by trained physicians. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated between NC and other obesity indices, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the best cutoff value of NC in predicting high BMI. RESULTS NC in both genders was significantly correlated with BMI, WC, and mid-arm circumference. The best cutoff value of NC to identify boys with a high BMI was 27.5-38.3 cm, and for girls was 26.7-33.4 cm. CONCLUSIONS NC is significantly correlated with overweight and obesity. It can be used with great reliability to screen overweight and obesity in children, and to identify those with a high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Taheri
- Pediatric Department, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ziaei Kajbaf
- Pediatric Department, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Taheri
- Pediatric Department, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Aminzadeh
- Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Min KB, Min JY. Android and gynoid fat percentages and serum lipid levels in United States adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 82:377-87. [PMID: 24974911 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Accumulating evidence suggests that fat distribution is a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than body mass index (BMI). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association of android and gynoid fat percentages with lipid profiles to determine whether android and/or gynoid fat percentages are associated with serum lipid levels. DESIGN A population-based cross-sectional study. PATIENTS Five thousand six hundred and ninety-six adults (20 years and older) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. MEASUREMENT The regional body composition in the android and gynoid regions was defined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The estimation of lipid risk profiles included total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) -cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) -cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). RESULTS Regardless of gender, android and gynoid body fat percentages were positively and significantly correlated with BMI and waist circumference. After adjustment for age, ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, dyslipidaemia and BMI, increases in android fat percentage were significantly associated with total cholesterol, TG and HDL cholesterol in males, and total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in females. The gynoid fat percentages showed a positive correlation with total cholesterol in males, whereas gynoid fat accumulation in females showed a favourable association with TG and HDL cholesterol. The observed associations differed according to ethnic groups. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that regional fat distribution in the android and gynoid regions have different effects on lipid profiles, and that fat in the android region, rather than the gynoid region, may be an important factor in determining the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Bok Min
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Wang S, Liu Y, Li F, Jia H, Liu L, Xue F. A novel quantitative body shape score for detecting association between obesity and hypertension in China. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:7. [PMID: 25595192 PMCID: PMC4308906 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-014-1334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a major independent risk factor for chronic diseases such as hypertension and coronary diseases, it might not be only related to the amount of body fat but its distribution. The single body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) or waist to stature ratio (WSR) provides limited information on fat distribution, and the debate about which one is the best remained. On the other hand, the current classification of body shape is qualitative rather than quantitative, and only crudely measure fat distribution. Therefore, a synthetical index is highly desirable to quantify body shape. Methods Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data, using Lohmäller PLSPM algorithm, six Partial Least Squares Path Models (PLSPMs) between the different obesity measurements and hypertension as well as two synthetical body shape scores (BSS1 by BMI/WC/Hip circumference, BSS2 by BMI/WC/WHR/WSR) were created. Simulation and real data analysis were conducted to assess their performance. Results Statistical simulation showed the proposed model was stable and powerful. Totally 15,172 (6,939 male and 8,233 female) participants aged from 18 to 87 years old were included. It indicated that age, height, weight, WC, WHR, WSR, SBP, DBP, the prevalence of hypertension and obesity were significantly sex-different. BMI, WC, WHR, WSR, Hip, BSS1 and BSS2 between hypertension and normotensive group are significantly different (p < 0.05). PLSPM method illustrated the biggest path coefficients (95% confidence interval, CI) were 0.220(0.196, 0.244) for male and 0.205(0.182, 0.228) for female in model of BSS1. The area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC(95% CI)) of BSS1(0.839(0.831,0.847)) was significantly larger than that of BSS2(0.834(0.825,0.842)) as well as the four single indices for female, and similar trend can be found for male. Conclusions BSS1 was an excellent measurement for quantifying body shape and detecting the association between body shape and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, PO Box 100, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Yanxun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, PO Box 100, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Fangyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongying Jia
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Longjian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, PO Box 100, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Samsell L, Regier M, Walton C, Cottrell L. Importance of android/gynoid fat ratio in predicting metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in normal weight as well as overweight and obese children. J Obes 2014; 2014:846578. [PMID: 25302115 PMCID: PMC4181515 DOI: 10.1155/2014/846578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that android or truncal obesity is associated with a risk for metabolic and cardiovascular disease, yet there is evidence that gynoid fat distribution may be protective. However, these studies have focused on adults and obese children. The purpose of our study was to determine if the android/gynoid fat ratio is positively correlated with insulin resistance, HOMA2-IR, and dislipidemia in a child sample of varying body sizes. In 7-13-year-old children with BMI percentiles ranging from 0.1 to 99.6, the android/gynoid ratio was closely associated with insulin resistance and combined LDL + VLDL-cholesterol. When separated by sex, it became clear that these relationships were stronger in boys than in girls. Subjects were stratified into BMI percentile based tertiles. For boys, the android/gynoid ratio was significantly related to insulin resistance regardless of BMI tertile with and LDL + VLDL in tertiles 1 and 3. For girls, only LDL + VLDL showed any significance with android/gynoid ratio and only in tertile 2. We conclude that the android/gynoid fat ratio is closely associated with insulin resistance and LDL + VLDL-, "bad," cholesterol in normal weight boys and may provide a measurement of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in that population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennie Samsell
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 9214, USA
| | - Michael Regier
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 6057, USA
| | - Cheryl Walton
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 9214, USA
| | - Lesley Cottrell
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 9214, USA
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Gupta A, Dadheech G, Yadav D, Sharma P, Gautam S. Metabolic issues in schizophrenic patients receiving antipsychotic treatment. Indian J Clin Biochem 2014; 29:196-201. [PMID: 24757302 PMCID: PMC3990788 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder with a complex pathophysiology and requires treatment that includes long term administration of antipsychotics that is said to be associated with metabolic syndrome. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of seven different antipsychotics prescribed to schizophrenic patients, on development of metabolic syndrome in the patients. A total of 210 patients with schizophrenia (30 patients in each drug therapy group) were recruited according to ICD-10 criteria and were assigned to receive the drug for 16 weeks. Measurement of anthropometric (body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure) and biochemical parameters (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, LDL, HDL) was done and the patients were subjected to ATP-III defined criteria for metabolic syndrome. Patients undergoing treatment with olanzapine were more prone to metabolic syndrome as the drug induces weight gain after 16 weeks of treatment. It also induces dyslipidemia (P < 0.001) and hyperglycemia (P < 0.01). Clozapine was found to be second most potent drug in inducing metabolic syndrome as the weight in clozapine treated patients increased after 16 weeks, along with a significant increase in glycemic (P < 0.001) and lipid parameters (P < 0.01). Aripriazole and amisulphride are comparatively safer drugs as their role in inducing metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenic patients was insignificant, although the impact of long term administration of these drugs needs to be explored. It is clear from the study that antipsychotic treatment induces metabolic syndrome so, it becomes important that the metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors should be surveillance regularly in schizophrenic patients undergoing antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Gupta
- />Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana India
| | - Gora Dadheech
- />Department of Biochemistry, NIMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Dharamveer Yadav
- />Department of Biochemistry, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- />Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 Rajasthan India
| | - Shiv Gautam
- />Gautam Institute of Behavioral Sciences and Alternative Medicine, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
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Association of neck circumference and obesity status with elevated blood pressure in children. J Hum Hypertens 2013; 28:263-8. [PMID: 24088717 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2013.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) and overweight/obesity are increasingly prevalent in children. We examined the associations of excess weight indicators including neck circumference (NC) and body mass index (BMI) with high BP in children. We hypothesized that high NC is associated with elevated BP. We utilized cross-sectional anthropometric and BP data on 1058 children aged 6-18 years. Patients were classified into weight and NC categories according to published guidelines. Prehypertension was defined as systolic or diastolic BP levels between 90th and 95th percentile for gender, age and height. Hypertension signifies systolic and/or diastolic BP levels ≥ 95th percentile for age, gender and height. The prevalence of elevated BP was 29.2% (prehypertension=10.1%, hypertension=19.1%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 19.0 and 18.7%, respectively. Rates of wide NC increased progressively with BMI categories by 8.8, 29.4 and 68.7% among normal weight, overweight and obese children, respectively. Within each BMI category, the unadjusted odds ratio for elevated BP was significantly higher in children with wide NC than those with normal NC (normal weight OR=1.78 (1.0-3.1), P=0.04); overweight OR=2.74 (1.5-5.2), P=0.001); obese OR=2.44 (1.3-4.6), P=0.006)). Increasing NC and BMI are associated with elevated BP in children. Joint presence of wide NC and high BMI is associated with significantly high rates of elevated BP. NC measurement may be a helpful tool to detect the presence of elevated BP in children.
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Li F, Zhao J, Yuan Z, Zhang X, Ji J, Xue F. A powerful latent variable method for detecting and characterizing gene-based gene-gene interaction on multiple quantitative traits. BMC Genet 2013; 14:89. [PMID: 24059907 PMCID: PMC3848962 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background On thinking quantitatively of complex diseases, there are at least three statistical strategies for analyzing the gene-gene interaction: SNP by SNP interaction on single trait, gene-gene (each can involve multiple SNPs) interaction on single trait and gene-gene interaction on multiple traits. The third one is the most general in dissecting the genetic mechanism underlying complex diseases underpinning multiple quantitative traits. In this paper, we developed a novel statistic for this strategy through modifying the Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLSPM), called mPLSPM statistic. Results Simulation studies indicated that mPLSPM statistic was powerful and outperformed the principal component analysis (PCA) based linear regression method. Application to real data in the EPIC-Norfolk GWAS sub-cohort showed suggestive interaction (γ) between TMEM18 gene and BDNF gene on two composite body shape scores (γ = 0.047 and γ = 0.058, with P = 0.021, P = 0.005), and BMI (γ = 0.043, P = 0.034). This suggested these scores (synthetically latent traits) were more suitable to capture the obesity related genetic interaction effect between genes compared to single trait. Conclusions The proposed novel mPLSPM statistic is a valid and powerful gene-based method for detecting gene-gene interaction on multiple quantitative phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Randers MB, Andersen LJ, Orntoft C, Bendiksen M, Johansen L, Horton J, Hansen PR, Krustrup P. Cardiovascular health profile of elite female football players compared to untrained controls before and after short-term football training. J Sports Sci 2013; 31:1421-31. [PMID: 23829646 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.792950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the intermittent exercise performance and cardiovascular health profile in elite female football players in comparison to untrained young women, as well as a subgroup subjected to football training 2x1 h · week(-1) for 16 weeks. Twenty-seven Danish national team players (elite trained, ET) and 28 untrained women (UT) underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-scanning (DXA), comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography, treadmill and Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance level 2 (IE2) testing. Eight women in UT were also tested after the football training period. Maximal oxygen uptake rate (VO2max), peak ventilation and peak lactate were 40, 18 and 51% higher (P< 0.01) in ET than UT, respectively. Cardiac dimensions and function were greater in ET than UT, with left ventricular diastolic diameter, right ventricular diastolic diameter, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and peak transmitral flow in early diastole divided by peak transmitral flow velocity in late diastole during atrial contraction (E/A-ratio) being 13, 19, 27 and 41%, respectively, greater in ET than UT (P< 0.001 to< 0.05). Yo-Yo IE2 performance was 7-fold higher in ET than UT (1772 ± 508 vs. 234 ± 66 m, P< 0.001), fat mass was 51% lower (P< 0.001) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were 20% higher (P< 0.01). Sixteen weeks of football elevated VO2max and Yo-Yo IE2 performance by 16 and 40%, respectively, and lowered fat mass by 6%. Cardiac function was markedly improved by 16 weeks of football training with 26 and 46% increases in TAPSE and E/A ratio, respectively, reaching levels comparable to ET. In summary, elite female football players have a superior cardiovascular health profile and intermittent exercise performance compared to untrained controls, but short-term football training can markedly improve the cardiovascular health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Bredsgaard Randers
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Universitetsparken 13, Kbh Ø, 2100, Denmark
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KRUSTRUP PETER, RANDERS MORTENB, ANDERSEN LARSJ, JACKMAN SARAHR, BANGSBO JENS, HANSEN PETERR. Soccer Improves Fitness and Attenuates Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hypertensive Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 45:553-60. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182777051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tian L, Long S, Li C, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zeng Z, Fu M. High-density lipoprotein subclass and particle size in coronary heart disease patients with or without diabetes. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:54. [PMID: 22584085 PMCID: PMC3477075 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A higher prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in people with diabetes. We investigated the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass profiles and alterations of particle size in CHD patients with diabetes or without diabetes. METHODS Plasma HDL subclasses were quantified in CHD by 1-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunodetection. RESULTS Although the particle size of HDL tend to small, the mean levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) have achieved normal or desirable for CHD patients with or without diabetes who administered statins therapy. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), TC, LDL-C concentrations, and HDL₃ (HDL(3b) and (3a)) contents along with Gensini Score were significantly higher; but those of HDL-C, HDL(2b+preβ2), and HDL(2a) were significantly lower in CHD patients with diabetes versus CHD patients without diabetes; The preβ₁-HDL contents did not differ significantly between these groups. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that Gensini Score was significantly and independently predicted by HDL(2a), and HDL(2b+preβ2). CONCLUSIONS The abnormality of HDL subpopulations distribution and particle size may contribute to CHD risk in diabetes patients. The HDL subclasses distribution may help in severity of coronary artery and risk stratification, especially in CHD patients with therapeutic LDL, TG and HDL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, New building 6, #16 Section 3, People South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyin Long
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanwei Li
- Cardiovascular department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, New building 6, #16 Section 3, People South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- Cardiovascular department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Cardiovascular department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingde Fu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, New building 6, #16 Section 3, People South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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Hernández-Mijares A, Bañuls C, Bellod L, Jover A, Solá E, Morillas C, Víctor VM, Rocha M. Effect of weight loss on C3 and C4 components of complement in obese patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42:503-9. [PMID: 21985442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating C3 levels are elevated in obese patients, but how this factor is affected after weight loss through diet is a question that is yet unanswered. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of weight loss on lipid and hydrocarbonated metabolism parameters and on the levels of C3 and C4 components of complement in obese patients. DESIGN This is a longitudinal intervention study based on a 6-week very low-calorie diet (VLCD), a liquid formula of 603 kcal/day. A total of 131 middle-aged patients were distributed among grades II, III and IV of obesity. Anthropometric parameters, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDLc, apolipoproteins A-I and B-100, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and C3 and C4 levels were evaluated at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention. RESULTS After VLCD, the moderate weight loss was accompanied by a significant reduction in C3 levels in grade III and grade IV patients (10.2% and 15.4%, respectively; P < 0.001). C4 levels were not altered. Adherence to the diet improved anthropometric parameters and was accompanied by a significant decrease in all lipid profile parameters (P < 0.001). In addition, weight loss was associated with an improvement in hydrocarbonated metabolism as shown by the decrease in glucose levels and HOMA-IR (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that in severely obese patients following a VLCD for 6 weeks produces reductions in factor C3, a biomarker of cardiovascular disease, and a significant improvement in some features of metabolic syndrome. In this way, the abovementioned diet may represent an effective strategy for treating obesity and related cardiovascular risk factors.
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Hillman JB, Dorn LD, Loucks TL, Berga SL. Obesity and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in adolescent girls. Metabolism 2012; 61:341-8. [PMID: 21944263 PMCID: PMC3279626 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress and stress-related concomitants, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, are implicated in obesity and its attendant comorbidities. Little is known about this relationship in adolescents. To begin to address this important knowledge gap, we studied HPA axis activity in 262 healthy adolescent girls aged 11, 13, 15, and 17 years. We hypothesized that obesity would be correlated with increased HPA axis activity and reactivity. Measures of HPA axis activity included 3 blood samples obtained midday (between 1:00 and 2:00 pm) over the course of 40 minutes; overnight urine free cortisol; and cortisol levels 0, 20, and 40 minutes after venipuncture (cortisol reactivity). Measures of adiposity included body mass index (BMI), BMI z score (BMI-Z), percentage body fat, and fat distribution (central adiposity) assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Daytime levels of serum cortisol were inversely associated with BMI-Z and central adiposity (P < .05). The urine free cortisol excretion rate was positively correlated with BMI, BMI-Z, and central adiposity. There was blunting of cortisol response to venipuncture with increasing adiposity. Our results suggest that there may be reduced cortisol levels during the day and increased levels at night with increasing degree of adiposity. This study provides preliminary findings indicating an alteration of the circadian rhythm of cortisol with obesity. We conclude that obesity is associated with altered HPA activity in adolescent girls. The clinical implications of our findings require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Hillman
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Adolescent Medicine and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Xue F, Li S, Luan J, Yuan Z, Luben RN, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Loos RJF, Zhao JH. A latent variable partial least squares path modeling approach to regional association and polygenic effect with applications to a human obesity study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31927. [PMID: 22384102 PMCID: PMC3288051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic association studies are now routinely used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked with human diseases or traits through single SNP-single trait tests. Here we introduced partial least squares path modeling (PLSPM) for association between single or multiple SNPs and a latent trait that can involve single or multiple correlated measurement(s). Furthermore, the framework naturally provides estimators of polygenic effect by appropriately weighting trait-attributing alleles. We conducted computer simulations to assess the performance via multiple SNPs and human obesity-related traits as measured by body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences. Our results showed that the associate statistics had type I error rates close to nominal level and were powerful for a range of effect and sample sizes. When applied to 12 candidate regions in data (N = 2,417) from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk study, a region in FTO was found to have stronger association (rs7204609∼rs9939881 at the first intron P = 4.29×10(-7)) than single SNP analysis (all with P>10(-4)) and a latent quantitative phenotype was obtained using a subset sample of EPIC-Norfolk (N = 12,559). We believe our method is appropriate for assessment of regional association and polygenic effect on a single or multiple traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shengxu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongshang Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Robert N. Luben
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Short-term street soccer improves fitness and cardiovascular health status of homeless men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:2097-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Rapid adaptation of robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. Surg Endosc 2011; 26:60-7. [PMID: 21789643 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-011-1828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robotic surgery for gastric cancer patients has been increasing because of its many advantages over conventional laparoscopic surgery. Despite the suggestion that robotic surgery may lessen the learning curve for complex laparoscopic procedures, little is known about the learning curve for robotic gastrectomy. This study aimed to assess the learning curve of robotic gastrectomy for patients with cancer by analyzing the operation time. METHODS The first 20 consecutive cases of robot-assisted distal gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer performed by three experienced laparoscopic surgeons' using the da Vinci system were collected and reviewed. A nonlinear least-squares method was developed and used to analyze the learning curves. RESULTS Overall, the mean operation time was 247.3 ± 45.7 min, depending on each surgeon's laparoscopic experience and the patient's characteristics. After control was used for confounding factors, the stabilized operation time decreased to 211.8 min. The operation time stabilized at 8.2 cases and was reduced 111.4 min from the first case. A stable operation time was reached in 9.6 cases by surgeon A, in 18.1 cases by surgeon B, and in 6 cases by surgeon C. The stable operation time was 149.2 min for surgeon A, 127.1 min for surgeon B, and 236.8 min for surgeon C, and the reduction in operation time from the first case to stabilization was 233 min for surgeon A, 76.7 min for surgeon B, and 154.6 min for surgeon C. CONCLUSIONS Surgeons with sufficient experience in laparoscopic gastrectomy can rapidly overcome the learning curve for robotic gastrectomy. In addition, the surgeon's experience with laparoscopic gastrectomy affects the operation time after stabilization and the reduction in operation time.
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Nafiu OO, Burke CC, Gupta R, Christensen R, Reynolds PI, Malviya S. Association of neck circumference with perioperative adverse respiratory events in children. Pediatrics 2011; 127:e1198-205. [PMID: 21464187 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to examine the association of neck circumference (NC) with perioperative respiratory adverse events in children undergoing elective noncardiac surgery, a relationship that has not been previously characterized. METHODS Using a prospective, observational design, we studied children aged 6 to 18 years undergoing elective noncardiac surgeries at our institution. Trained research assistants collected clinical (including perioperative adverse events) and anthropometric data from all subjects. Patients were stratified into 2 classes: high NC versus low NC on the basis of age- and gender-specific receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Subsequently, univariate factors associated with high NC were explored, and odds ratios for the occurrence of perioperative adverse events were then calculated from logistic regression after controlling for clinically relevant cofactors. RESULTS Among the 1102 patients, the prevalence of high NC was 24.3%. NC was positively correlated with age and other anthropometric parameters. Children with high NC were more likely to be loud snorers and have a history of bronchial asthma, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Composite adverse airway events were more frequent in children with a large NC. There was no significant association between high NC and difficult laryngoscopy in our study population. CONCLUSIONS NC was positively correlated with other indices of obesity in children, and large NC (indicative of central obesity) was associated with some adverse respiratory events in these children undergoing noncardiac surgery. NC could be a useful clinical screening tool for the occurrence of perioperative adverse respiratory events in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola O Nafiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor , MI 48109-0048, USA.
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Emmons RR, Garber CE, Cirnigliaro CM, Kirshblum SC, Spungen AM, Bauman WA. Assessment of measures for abdominal adiposity in persons with spinal cord injury. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2011; 37:734-741. [PMID: 21439716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound may be a useful tool to assess abdominal adiposity, but it has not been validated in the spinal cord injury (SCI) population. This study evaluated associations between abdominal ultrasound and other methods to assess adiposity in 24 men with SCI and 20 able-bodied (AB) men. Waist (WC) and hip circumference (HC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured. Trunk (TRK%), android (A%) and waist fat (W%) were determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); ultrasonography determined abdominal subcutaneous (SF) and visceral fat (VF). The SCI group had greater TRK% (40.0 ± 9.6 vs. 32.0 ± 10.3), W% (47.0 ± 9.7 vs. 40.6 ± 9.4), A% (43.0 ± 9.8 vs. 35.8 ± 10.6) and WHR (0.99 ± 0.1 vs. 0.92 ± 0.06) than the AB group. WC and WHR correlated with VF in the SCI group. These associations suggest that ultrasound may be a useful tool in clinical practice for the measurement of VF in weight loss programs and for the assessment of cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racine R Emmons
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
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Foltran F, Berchialla P, Bigi R, Migliaretti G, Bestetti A, Gregori D. Understanding coronary atherosclerosis in relation to obesity: is getting the distribution of body fatness using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry worth the effort? A novel perspective using Bayesian Networks. J Eval Clin Pract 2011; 17:32-9. [PMID: 20846276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM A relative excess of fat in the upper body region has been proven to be associated with increased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is probably the most accurate and precise method available to study fat regional distribution and to directly measure total body fat and lean soft tissue mass. However, while several studies have investigated the abilities of obesity anthropometric measures in predicting CAD, only few studies have evaluated DXA as CAD predictor; particularly, a comparison between a model including information coming from anthropometric measurements and a model in which fat is precisely measured by DXA, is still lacking. In order to verify if CAD severity, as measured by Gensini score, is better predicted when a prognostic model includes DXA measurements rather than anthropometric measures, we compared performance obtained by two Bayesian Networks (BNs) including standard anthropometric measures and DXA, respectively. METHODS Data come from 58 consecutive patients, 79% of them having suspected and 21% known CAD. Two BNs were implemented: input variables include anamnestic information, biochemical data and obesity measures. In the first model (BN1) obesity was measured by body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio, while in the second one (BN2) it is quantified by DXA-derived parameters. RESULTS Network graphs and results coming from sensitivity analysis show that in both models lipoproteins and biomarkers of inflammation act as proximal node, while obesity (independently of the chosen measure) appears to be a distal node acting by the intermediation of other variables. Both models show high predictive abilities, the mean percentage classification errors being, respectively, 14.13 and 18.87. CONCLUSIONS In our study, the BN predictive ability is slightly superior when obesity is measured using anthropometric data instead of DXA measurements. The reason probably relies on the fact that in the BN the obesity role in predicting CAD is mediated by the action of other factors that appear to be more directly influencing the outcome. Thus, the necessity to dispose of a perfect measure becomes less compulsory and the huge effort to precisely estimate body composition with complex methods as DXA could be avoided when using expert system such as BN as predictive tool.
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