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Li G, Yang H, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhou H, Xu ZX, Wang Y. The role of macrophages in fibrosis of chronic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117079. [PMID: 38968801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are widely distributed throughout various tissues of the body, and mounting evidence suggests their involvement in regulating the tissue microenvironment, thereby influencing disease onset and progression through direct or indirect actions. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), disturbances in renal functional homeostasis lead to inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular expansion, glomerular atrophy, and subsequent renal fibrosis. Macrophages play a pivotal role in this pathological process. Therefore, understanding their role is imperative for investigating CKD progression, mitigating its advancement, and offering novel research perspectives for fibrosis treatment from an immunological standpoint. This review primarily delves into the intrinsic characteristics of macrophages, their origins, diverse subtypes, and their associations with renal fibrosis. Particular emphasis is placed on the transition between M1 and M2 phenotypes. In late-stage CKD, there is a shift from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, accompanied by an increased prevalence of M2 macrophages. This transition is governed by the activation of the TGF-β1/SMAD3 and JAK/STAT pathways, which facilitate macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT). The tyrosine kinase Src is involved in both signaling cascades. By thoroughly elucidating macrophage functions and comprehending the modes and molecular mechanisms of macrophage-fibroblast interaction in the kidney, novel, tailored therapeutic strategies for preventing or attenuating the progression of CKD can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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2
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Perretta‐Tejedor N, Price KL, Jafree DJ, Pomeranz G, Kolatsi‐Joannou M, Martínez‐Salgado C, Long DA, Vasilopoulou E. Cardiotrophin-1 therapy reduces disease severity in a murine model of glomerular disease. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16129. [PMID: 38955668 PMCID: PMC11219243 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a member of the interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine family, has renoprotective effects in mouse models of acute kidney disease and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but its role in glomerular disease is unknown. To address this, we used the mouse model of nephrotoxic nephritis to test the hypothesis that CT-1 also has a protective role in immune-mediated glomerular disease. Using immunohistochemistry and analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data of isolated glomeruli, we demonstrate that CT-1 is expressed in the glomerulus in male mice, predominantly in parietal epithelial cells and is downregulated in mice with nephrotoxic nephritis. Furthermore, analysis of data from patients revealed that human glomerular disease is also associated with reduced glomerular CT-1 transcript levels. In male mice with nephrotoxic nephritis and established proteinuria, administration of CT-1 resulted in reduced albuminuria, prevented podocyte loss, and sustained plasma creatinine, compared with mice administered saline. CT-1 treatment also reduced fibrosis in the kidney cortex, peri-glomerular macrophage accumulation and the kidney levels of the pro-inflammatory mediator complement component 5a. In conclusion, CT-1 intervention therapy delays the progression of glomerular disease in mice by preserving kidney function and inhibiting renal inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Perretta‐Tejedor
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder HealthLondonUK
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD)University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
| | - Karen L. Price
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder HealthLondonUK
| | - Daniyal J. Jafree
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder HealthLondonUK
- Specialised Foundation Programme in ResearchNHS East of EnglandCambridgeUK
| | - Gideon Pomeranz
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder HealthLondonUK
| | - Maria Kolatsi‐Joannou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder HealthLondonUK
| | - Carlos Martínez‐Salgado
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD)University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
| | - David A. Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder HealthLondonUK
| | - Elisavet Vasilopoulou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder HealthLondonUK
- Comparative Biomedical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
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3
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Yang H, Li J, Huang XR, Bucala R, Xu A, Lan HY. Macrophage-derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor mediates renal injury in anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361343. [PMID: 38846956 PMCID: PMC11153660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a rich source of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). It is well established that macrophages and MIF play a pathogenic role in anti-glomerular basement membrane crescentic glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM CGN). However, whether macrophages mediate anti-GBM CGN via MIF-dependent mechanism remains unexplored, which was investigated in this study by specifically deleting MIF from macrophages in MIFf/f-lysM-cre mice. We found that compared to anti-GBM CGN induced in MIFf/f control mice, conditional ablation of MIF in macrophages significantly suppressed anti-GBM CGN by inhibiting glomerular crescent formation and reducing serum creatinine and proteinuria while improving creatine clearance. Mechanistically, selective MIF depletion in macrophages largely inhibited renal macrophage and T cell recruitment, promoted the polarization of macrophage from M1 towards M2 via the CD74/NF-κB/p38MAPK-dependent mechanism. Unexpectedly, selective depletion of macrophage MIF also significantly promoted Treg while inhibiting Th1 and Th17 immune responses. In summary, MIF produced by macrophages plays a pathogenic role in anti-GBM CGN. Targeting macrophage-derived MIF may represent a novel and promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of immune-mediated kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University, SunYat‐sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Anping Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Reiss AB, Jacob B, Zubair A, Srivastava A, Johnson M, De Leon J. Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targets. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1881. [PMID: 38610646 PMCID: PMC11012936 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a slowly progressive condition characterized by decreased kidney function, tubular injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation. CKD is a leading global health burden that is asymptomatic in early stages but can ultimately cause kidney failure. Its etiology is complex and involves dysregulated signaling pathways that lead to fibrosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a central mediator in promoting transdifferentiation of polarized renal tubular epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, resulting in irreversible kidney injury. While current therapies are limited, the search for more effective diagnostic and treatment modalities is intensive. Although biopsy with histology is the most accurate method of diagnosis and staging, imaging techniques such as diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and shear wave elastography ultrasound are less invasive ways to stage fibrosis. Current therapies such as renin-angiotensin blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors aim to delay progression. Newer antifibrotic agents that suppress the downstream inflammatory mediators involved in the fibrotic process are in clinical trials, and potential therapeutic targets that interfere with TGF-β signaling are being explored. Small interfering RNAs and stem cell-based therapeutics are also being evaluated. Further research and clinical studies are necessary in order to avoid dialysis and kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (B.J.); (A.Z.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (J.D.L.)
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Meizlish ML, Kimura Y, Pope SD, Matta R, Kim C, Philip NH, Meyaard L, Gonzalez A, Medzhitov R. Mechanosensing regulates tissue repair program in macrophages. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6906. [PMID: 38478620 PMCID: PMC10936955 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages play important roles in tissue homeostasis and repair. However, how macrophages monitor and maintain tissue integrity is not well understood. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key structural and organizational component of all tissues. Here, we find that macrophages sense the mechanical properties of the ECM to regulate a specific tissue repair program. We show that macrophage mechanosensing is mediated by cytoskeletal remodeling and can be performed in three-dimensional environments through a noncanonical, integrin-independent mechanism analogous to amoeboid migration. We find that these cytoskeletal dynamics also integrate biochemical signaling by colony-stimulating factor 1 and ultimately regulate chromatin accessibility to control the mechanosensitive gene expression program. This study identifies an "amoeboid" mode of ECM mechanosensing through which macrophages may regulate tissue repair and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Meizlish
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Kimura
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott D. Pope
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rita Matta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Catherine Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Naomi H. Philip
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anjelica Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Sung CYW, Hayase N, Yuen PS, Lee J, Fernandez K, Hu X, Cheng H, Star RA, Warchol ME, Cunningham LL. Macrophage Depletion Protects Against Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.16.567274. [PMID: 38014097 PMCID: PMC10680818 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.16.567274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used and highly effective anti-cancer drug with significant side effects including ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Macrophages, the major resident immune cells in the cochlea and kidney, are important drivers of both inflammatory and tissue repair responses. To investigate the roles of macrophages in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, we used PLX3397, an FDA-approved inhibitor of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), to eliminate tissue-resident macrophages during the course of cisplatin administration. Mice treated with cisplatin alone (cisplatin/vehicle) had significant hearing loss (ototoxicity) as well as kidney injury (nephrotoxicity). Macrophage ablation using PLX3397 resulted in significantly reduced hearing loss measured by auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). Sensory hair cells in the cochlea were protected against cisplatin-induced death in mice treated with PLX3397. Macrophage ablation also protected against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, as evidenced by markedly reduced tubular injury and fibrosis as well as reduced plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels. Mechanistically, our data suggest that the protective effect of macrophage ablation against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity is mediated by reduced platinum accumulation in both the inner ear and the kidney. Together our data indicate that ablation of tissue-resident macrophages represents a novel strategy for mitigating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Yea Won Sung
- Laboratory of Hearing Biology and Therapeutics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Naoki Hayase
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter S.T. Yuen
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John Lee
- Laboratory of Hearing Biology and Therapeutics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katharine Fernandez
- Laboratory of Hearing Biology and Therapeutics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuzhen Hu
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Cheng
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Collaboration Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert A. Star
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark E. Warchol
- Washington University, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Lisa L. Cunningham
- Laboratory of Hearing Biology and Therapeutics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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7
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Yang Q, Huo E, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Dong C, Asara JM, Shi H, Wei Q. Myeloid PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis promotes kidney fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259434. [PMID: 38035106 PMCID: PMC10687406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive renal fibrosis is a common pathology in progressive chronic kidney diseases. Inflammatory injury and aberrant repair processes contribute to the development of kidney fibrosis. Myeloid cells, particularly monocytes/macrophages, play a crucial role in kidney fibrosis by releasing their proinflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix components such as collagen and fibronectin into the microenvironment of the injured kidney. Numerous signaling pathways have been identified in relation to these activities. However, the involvement of metabolic pathways in myeloid cell functions during the development of renal fibrosis remains understudied. In our study, we initially reanalyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data of renal myeloid cells from Dr. Denby's group and observed an increased gene expression in glycolytic pathway in myeloid cells that are critical for renal inflammation and fibrosis. To investigate the role of myeloid glycolysis in renal fibrosis, we utilized a model of unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice deficient of Pfkfb3, an activator of glycolysis, in myeloid cells (Pfkfb3 ΔMϕ ) and their wild type littermates (Pfkfb3 WT). We observed a significant reduction in fibrosis in the obstructive kidneys of Pfkfb3 ΔMϕ mice compared to Pfkfb3 WT mice. This was accompanied by a substantial decrease in macrophage infiltration, as well as a decrease of M1 and M2 macrophages and a suppression of macrophage to obtain myofibroblast phenotype in the obstructive kidneys of Pfkfb3 ΔMϕ mice. Mechanistic studies indicate that glycolytic metabolites stabilize HIF1α, leading to alterations in macrophage phenotype that contribute to renal fibrosis. In conclusion, our study implicates that targeting myeloid glycolysis represents a novel approach to inhibit renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Yang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Emily Huo
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Augusta Preparatory Day School, Martinez, GA, United States
| | - Yongfeng Cai
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Zhidan Zhang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Charles Dong
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - John M. Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Huidong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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García-Giménez J, Córdoba-David G, Rayego-Mateos S, Cannata-Ortiz P, Carrasco S, Ruiz-Ortega M, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Ortiz A, Ramos AM. STING1 deficiency ameliorates immune-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis in mice. J Pathol 2023; 261:309-322. [PMID: 37650295 DOI: 10.1002/path.6177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly progressive/crescentic glomerulonephritis (RPGN/CGN) involves the formation of glomerular crescents by maladaptive differentiation of parietal epithelial cells that leads to rapid loss of renal function. The molecular mechanisms of crescent formation are poorly understood. Therefore, new insights into molecular mechanisms could identify alternative therapeutic targets for RPGN/CGN. Analysis of kidney biopsies from patients with RPGN revealed increased interstitial, glomerular, and tubular expression of STING1, an accessory protein of the c-GAS-dependent DNA-sensing pathway, which was also observed in murine nephrotoxic nephritis induced by an anti-GBM antibody. STING1 was expressed by key cell types involved in RPGN and crescent formation such as glomerular parietal epithelial cells, and tubular cells as well as by inflammation accessory cells. In functional in vivo studies, Sting1-/- mice with nephrotoxic nephritis had lower kidney cytokine expression, milder kidney infiltration by innate and adaptive immune cells, and decreased disease severity. Pharmacological STING1 inhibition mirrored these findings. Direct STING1 agonism in parietal and tubular cells activated the NF-κB-dependent cytokine response and the interferon-induced genes (ISGs) program. These responses were also triggered in a STING1-dependent manner by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TWEAK. These results identify STING1 activation as a pathological mechanism in RPGN/CGN and TWEAK as an activator of STING1. Pharmacological strategies targeting STING1, or upstream regulators may therefore be potential alternatives to treat RPGN. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Giménez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gina Córdoba-David
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cannata-Ortiz
- Department of Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Carrasco
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernandez-Fernandez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián M Ramos
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Zhu X, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Shi W, Yang J, Liu Z, Zhang X. Macrophages release IL11-containing filopodial tip vesicles and contribute to renal interstitial inflammation. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:293. [PMID: 37853428 PMCID: PMC10585809 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage filopodia, which are dynamic nanotube-like protrusions, have mainly been studied in the context of pathogen clearance. The mechanisms by which they facilitate intercellular communication and mediate tissue inflammation remain poorly understood. Here, we show that macrophage filopodia produce a unique membrane structure called "filopodial tip vesicle" (FTV) that originate from the tip of macrophages filopodia. Filopodia tip-derived particles contain numerous internal-vesicles and function as cargo storage depots via nanotubular transport. Functional studies indicate that the shedding of FTV from filopodia tip allows the delivery of many molecular signalling molecules to fibroblasts. We observed that FTV derived from M1 macrophages and high glucose (HG)-stimulated macrophages (HG/M1-ftv) exhibit an enrichment of the chemokine IL11, which is critical for fibroblast transdifferentiation. HG/M1-ftv induce renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic mice, while FTV inhibition or targeting FTV IL11- alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis, suggesting that the HG/M1-ftvIL11 pathway may be a novel mechanism underlying renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Collectively, FTV release could represent a novel function by which filopodia contribute to cell biological processes, and FTV is potentially associated with macrophage filopodia-related fibrotic diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqiu Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junlan Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Jinling Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Tatsumoto N, Saito S, Rifkin IR, Bonegio RG, Leal DN, Sen GC, Arditi M, Yamashita M. EGF-Receptor-Dependent TLR7 Signaling in Macrophages Promotes Glomerular Injury in Crescentic Glomerulonephritis. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100190. [PMID: 37268107 PMCID: PMC10527264 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a group of inflammatory diseases and an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The initiation of the inflammatory process is quite different for each type of GN; however, each GN is characterized commonly and variably by acute inflammation with neutrophils and macrophages and crescent formation, leading to glomerular death. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 is a sensor for self-RNA and implicated in the pathogenesis of human and murine GN. Here, we show that TLR7 exacerbates glomerular injury in nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN), a murine model of severe crescentic GN. TLR7-/- mice were resistant to NTN, although TLR7-/- mice manifested comparable immune-complex deposition to wild-type mice without significant defects in humoral immunity, suggesting that endogenous TLR7 ligands accelerate glomerular injury. TLR7 was expressed exclusively in macrophages in glomeruli in GN but not in glomerular resident cells or neutrophils. Furthermore, we discovered that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor-type tyrosine kinase, is essential for TLR7 signaling in macrophages. Mechanistically, EGFR physically interacted with TLR7 upon TLR7 stimulation, and EGFR inhibitor completely blocked the phosphorylation of TLR7 tyrosine residue(s). EGFR inhibitor attenuated glomerular damage in wild-type mice, and no additional glomerular protective effects by EGFR inhibitor were observed in TLR7-/- mice. Finally, mice lacking EGFR in macrophages were resistant to NTN. This study clearly demonstrated that EGFR-dependent TLR7 signaling in macrophages is essential for glomerular injury in crescentic GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narihito Tatsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Suguru Saito
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ian R Rifkin
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Renal Section, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ramon G Bonegio
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Renal Section, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel N Leal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ganes C Sen
- Department of Inflammation & Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michifumi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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11
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Mason WJ, Vasilopoulou E. The Pathophysiological Role of Thymosin β4 in the Kidney Glomerulus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097684. [PMID: 37175390 PMCID: PMC10177875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases affecting the glomerulus, the filtration unit of the kidney, are a major cause of chronic kidney disease. Glomerular disease is characterised by injury of glomerular cells and is often accompanied by an inflammatory response that drives disease progression. New strategies are needed to slow the progression to end-stage kidney disease, which requires dialysis or transplantation. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), an endogenous peptide that sequesters G-actin, has shown potent anti-inflammatory function in experimental models of heart, kidney, liver, lung, and eye injury. In this review, we discuss the role of endogenous and exogenous Tβ4 in glomerular disease progression and the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Mason
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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12
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Sanz AB, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ramos AM, Ortiz A. Regulated cell death pathways in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:281-299. [PMID: 36959481 PMCID: PMC10035496 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of cell number that result from an imbalance between the death of parenchymal cells and the proliferation or recruitment of maladaptive cells contributes to the pathogenesis of kidney disease. Acute kidney injury can result from an acute loss of kidney epithelial cells. In chronic kidney disease, loss of kidney epithelial cells leads to glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy, whereas interstitial inflammation and fibrosis result from an excess of leukocytes and myofibroblasts. Other conditions, such as acquired cystic disease and kidney cancer, are characterized by excess numbers of cyst wall and malignant cells, respectively. Cell death modalities act to clear unwanted cells, but disproportionate responses can contribute to the detrimental loss of kidney cells. Indeed, pathways of regulated cell death - including apoptosis and necrosis - have emerged as central events in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention. Modes of regulated necrosis, such as ferroptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis may cause kidney injury directly or through the recruitment of immune cells and stimulation of inflammatory responses. Importantly, multiple layers of interconnections exist between different modalities of regulated cell death, including shared triggers, molecular components and protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Sanz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian M Ramos
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain.
- RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Hoeft K, Schaefer GJL, Kim H, Schumacher D, Bleckwehl T, Long Q, Klinkhammer BM, Peisker F, Koch L, Nagai J, Halder M, Ziegler S, Liehn E, Kuppe C, Kranz J, Menzel S, Costa I, Wahida A, Boor P, Schneider RK, Hayat S, Kramann R. Platelet-instructed SPP1 + macrophages drive myofibroblast activation in fibrosis in a CXCL4-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112131. [PMID: 36807143 PMCID: PMC9992450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis represents the common end stage of chronic organ injury independent of the initial insult, destroying tissue architecture and driving organ failure. Here we discover a population of profibrotic macrophages marked by expression of Spp1, Fn1, and Arg1 (termed Spp1 macrophages), which expands after organ injury. Using an unbiased approach, we identify the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) to be among the top upregulated genes during profibrotic Spp1 macrophage differentiation. In vitro and in vivo studies show that loss of Cxcl4 abrogates profibrotic Spp1 macrophage differentiation and ameliorates fibrosis after both heart and kidney injury. Moreover, we find that platelets, the most abundant source of CXCL4 in vivo, drive profibrotic Spp1 macrophage differentiation. Single nuclear RNA sequencing with ligand-receptor interaction analysis reveals that macrophages orchestrate fibroblast activation via Spp1, Fn1, and Sema3 crosstalk. Finally, we confirm that Spp1 macrophages expand in both human chronic kidney disease and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Hoeft
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gideon J L Schaefer
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Schumacher
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tore Bleckwehl
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qingqing Long
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Peisker
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Koch
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - James Nagai
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maurice Halder
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Ziegler
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa Liehn
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of South Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kranz
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Urology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Martin-Luther-University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sylvia Menzel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adam Wahida
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Gynecological Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sikander Hayat
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Cheung MD, Erman EN, Moore KH, Lever JM, Li Z, LaFontaine JR, Ghajar-Rahimi G, Liu S, Yang Z, Karim R, Yoder BK, Agarwal A, George JF. Resident macrophage subpopulations occupy distinct microenvironments in the kidney. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e161078. [PMID: 36066976 PMCID: PMC9714795 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney contains a population of resident macrophages from birth that expands as it grows and forms a contiguous network throughout the tissue. Kidney-resident macrophages (KRMs) are important in homeostasis and the response to acute kidney injury. While the kidney contains many microenvironments, it is unknown whether KRMs are a heterogeneous population differentiated by function and location. We combined single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq), spatial transcriptomics, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence imaging to localize, characterize, and validate KRM populations during quiescence and following 19 minutes of bilateral ischemic kidney injury. scRNA-Seq and spatial transcriptomics revealed 7 distinct KRM subpopulations, which are organized into zones corresponding to regions of the nephron. Each subpopulation was identifiable by a unique transcriptomic signature, suggesting distinct functions. Specific protein markers were identified for 2 clusters, allowing analysis by flow cytometry or immunofluorescence imaging. Following injury, the original localization of each subpopulation was lost, either from changing locations or transcriptomic signatures. The original spatial distribution of KRMs was not fully restored for at least 28 days after injury. The change in KRM localization confirmed a long-hypothesized dysregulation of the local immune system following acute injury and may explain the increased risk for chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Cheung
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Nephrology Research and Training Center
| | - Elise N. Erman
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Nephrology Research and Training Center
| | - Kyle H. Moore
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Nephrology Research and Training Center
| | | | - Zhang Li
- Department of Cellular Developmental and Integrative Biology
| | | | - Gelare Ghajar-Rahimi
- Department of Nephrology Research and Training Center
- Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Rafay Karim
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Nephrology Research and Training Center
| | | | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Nephrology Research and Training Center
- Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Veterans Affairs, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James F. George
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Nephrology Research and Training Center
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15
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Saito S, Tatsumoto N, Cao DY, Nosaka N, Nishi H, Leal DN, Bernstein E, Shimada K, Arditi M, Bernstein KE, Yamashita M. Overexpressed angiotensin-converting enzyme in neutrophils suppresses glomerular damage in crescentic glomerulonephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F411-F424. [PMID: 35979968 PMCID: PMC9484997 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00067.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) regulates blood pressure by producing angiotensin II as part of the renin-angiotensin system, we recently reported that elevated ACE in neutrophils promotes an effective immune response and increases resistance to infection. Here, we investigate if such neutrophils protect against renal injury in immune complex (IC)-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) through complement. Nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN) was induced in wild-type and NeuACE mice that overexpress ACE in neutrophils. Glomerular injury of NTN in NeuACE mice was attenuated with much less proteinuria, milder histological injury, and reduced IC deposits, but presented with more glomerular neutrophils in the early stage of the disease. There were no significant defects in T and B cell functions in NeuACE mice. NeuACE neutrophils exhibited enhanced IC uptake with elevated surface expression of FcγRII/III and complement receptor CR1/2. IC uptake in neutrophils was enhanced by NeuACE serum containing elevated complement C3b. Given no significant complement activation by ACE, this suggests that neutrophil ACE indirectly preactivates C3 and that the C3b-CR1/2 axis and elevated FcγRII/III play a central role in IC elimination by neutrophils, resulting in reduced glomerular injury. The present study identified a novel renoprotective role of ACE in glomerulonephritis; elevated neutrophilic ACE promotes elimination of locally formed ICs in glomeruli via C3b-CR1/2 and FcγRII/III, ameliorating glomerular injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied immune complex (IC)-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis in NeuACE mice that overexpress ACE only in neutrophils. Such mice show no significant defects in humoral immunity but strongly resist nephrotoxic serum nephritis (less proteinuria, milder histological damage, reduced IC deposits, and more glomerular neutrophils). NeuACE neutrophils enhanced IC uptake via increased surface expression of CR1/2 and FcgRII/III, as well as elevated serum complement C3b. These results suggest neutrophil ACE as a novel approach to reducing glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Saito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Narihito Tatsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Duo-Yao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nobuyuki Nosaka
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hiroshi Nishi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel N Leal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ellen Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michifumi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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16
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Jia Y, Chen J, Zheng Z, Tao Y, Zhang S, Zou M, Yang Y, Xue M, Hu F, Li Y, Zhang Q, Xue Y, Zheng Z. Tubular epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles induce macrophage glycolysis by stabilizing HIF-1α in diabetic kidney disease. Mol Med 2022; 28:95. [PMID: 35962319 PMCID: PMC9373297 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Albuminuria is a hallmark of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) that promotes its progression, leading to renal fibrosis. Renal macrophage function is complex and influenced by macrophage metabolic status. However, the metabolic state of diabetic renal macrophages and the impact of albuminuria on the macrophage metabolic state are poorly understood. Methods Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blotting. Glycolytic enzyme expression in macrophages co-cultured with HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs was detected using RT-qPCR and western blotting. The potential role of EV-associated HIF-1α in the mediation of glycolysis was explored in HIF-1α siRNA pre-transfected macrophages co-cultured with HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs, and the extent of HIF-1α hydroxylation was measured using western blotting. Additionally, we injected db/db mice with EVs via the caudal vein twice a week for 4 weeks. Renal macrophages were isolated using CD11b microbeads, and immunohistofluorescence was applied to confirm the levels of glycolytic enzymes and HIF-1α in these macrophages. Results Glycolysis was activated in diabetic renal macrophages after co-culture with HSA-treated HK-2 cells. Moreover, HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs promoted macrophage glycolysis both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of glycolysis activation in macrophages using the glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG decreased the expression of both inflammatory and fibrotic genes. Mechanistically, EVs from HSA-stimulated HK-2 cells were found to accelerate macrophage glycolysis by stabilizing HIF-1α. We also found that several miRNAs and lncRNAs, which have been reported to stabilize HIF-1α expression, were increased in HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs. Conclusion Our study suggested that albuminuria induced renal macrophage glycolysis through tubular epithelial cell-derived EVs by stabilizing HIF-1α, indicating that regulation of macrophage glycolysis may offer a new treatment strategy for DKD patients, especially those with macroalbuminuria. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00525-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Jia
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhikang Zheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meina Zou
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanlin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Meng Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yaoming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Zongji Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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17
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Jeon J, Park J, Boo HJ, Yang KE, Lee CJ, Lee JE, Kim K, Kwon GY, Huh W, Kim DJ, Kim YG, Jang HR. Clinical value of urinary cytokines/chemokines as prognostic markers in patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10221. [PMID: 35715470 PMCID: PMC9205991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Crescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN) usually requires urgent immunosuppressive treatment. However, aggressive immunosuppressive treatment is often difficult because of the patients' medical conditions or comorbidities. Prognostic markers including urinary cytokines/chemokines as noninvasive biomarkers were explored in CrGN patients. This prospective cohort study included 82 patients with biopsy-confirmed CrGN from 2002 to 2015 who were followed up for 5 years. Urine and serum cytokines/chemokines on the day of kidney biopsy were analyzed in 36 patients. The median age was 65 years and 47.6% were male. Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) scores were identified as significant prognostic factors. Among patients with cytokines/chemokines measurement, increased IL-10 level was identified as an independent predictor of good prognosis, and increased levels of urinary MCP-1 and fractalkine tended to be associated with good prognosis after adjusting for baseline eGFR and IFTA score. However, semiquantitative analysis of intrarenal leukocytes did not show prognostic value predicting renal outcome or correlation with urinary cytokines/chemokines. This study supports the clinical importance of baseline eGFR and IFTA scores and suggests potential usefulness of urinary IL-10, MCP-1, and fractalkine as prognostic markers for predicting renal outcomes in patients with CrGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseok Jeon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeeun Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Boo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Division of Scientific Instrumentation & Management, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Jung Lee
- Division of Scientific Instrumentation & Management, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghee Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Huh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joong Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Goo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryoun Jang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Chen J, Huang XR, Yang F, Yiu WH, Yu X, Tang SCW, Lan HY. Single-cell RNA Sequencing Identified Novel Nr4a1 + Ear2 + Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage Phenotype under Myeloid-TLR4 Dependent Regulation in Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) Crescentic Glomerulonephritis (cGN). ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200668. [PMID: 35484716 PMCID: PMC9218767 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Previously, this study demonstrates the critical role of myeloid specific TLR4 in macrophage-mediated progressive renal injury in anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) crescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN); however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), pseudotime trajectories reconstruction, and motif enrichment analysis are used, and macrophage diversity in anti-GBM cGN under tight regulation of myeloid-TLR4 is uncovered. Most significantly, a myeloid-TLR4 deletion-induced novel reparative macrophage phenotype (Nr4a1+ Ear2+) with significant upregulated anti-inflammatory and tissue repair-related signaling is discovered, thereby suppressing the M1 proinflammatory responses in anti-GBM cGN. This is further demonstrated in vitro that deletion of TLR4 from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) induces the Nr4a1/Ear2-expressing anti-inflammatory macrophages while blocking LPS-stimulated M1 proinflammatory responses. Mechanistically, activation of the Nr4a1/Ear2-axis is recognized as a key mechanism through which deletion of myeloid-TLR4 promotes the anti-inflammatory macrophage differentiation in vivo and in vitro. This is confirmed by specifically silencing macrophage Nr4a1 or Ear2 to reverse the anti-inflammatory effects on TLR4 deficient BMDMs upon LPS stimulation. In conclusion, the findings decode a previously unidentified role for a myeloid-TLR4 dependent Nr4a1/Ear2 negative feedback mechanism in macrophage-mediated progressive renal injury, implying that activation of Nr4a1-Ear2 axis can be a novel and effective immunotherapy for anti-GBM cGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyi Chen
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciencesand Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Xiao Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciencesand Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney DiseasesGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Fuye Yang
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciencesand Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang31009P. R. China
| | - Wai Han Yiu
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney DiseasesGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Sydney C. W. Tang
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciencesand Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong‐Guangdong Academy of Sciences/Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Joint Research Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney DiseasesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
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19
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Bell RMB, Conway BR. Macrophages in the kidney in health, injury and repair. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 367:101-147. [PMID: 35461656 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a key component of the renal mononuclear phagocyte system, playing a major role in defense against infection, renal injury and repair. Yolk sac macrophage precursors seed the early embryonic kidney and are important for renal development. Later, renal macrophages are derived from hematopoietic stem cells and in adult life, there is a significant contribution from circulating monocytes, which is enhanced in response to infection or injury. Macrophages are highly plastic and can alter their phenotype in response to cues from parenchymal renal cells. Danger-associated molecules released from injured kidney cells may activate macrophages toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, mediating further recruitment of inflammatory cells, exacerbating renal injury and activating renal fibroblasts to promote scarring. In acute kidney injury, once the injury stimulus has abated, macrophages may adopt a more reparative phenotype, dampening the immune response and promoting repair of renal tissue. However, in chronic kidney disease ongoing activation of pro-inflammatory monocytes and persistence of reparative macrophages leads to glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the hallmarks of end-stage kidney disease. Several strategies to inhibit the recruitment, activation and secretory products of pro-inflammatory macrophages have proven beneficial in pre-clinical models and are now undergoing clinical trials in patients with kidney disease. In addition, macrophages may be utilized in cell therapy as a "Trojan Horse" to deliver targeted therapies to the kidney. Single-cell RNA sequencing has identified a previously unappreciated spectrum of macrophage phenotypes, which may be selectively present in injury or repair, and ongoing functional analyses of these subsets may identify more specific targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M B Bell
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan R Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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20
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van der Zande HJP, Nitsche D, Schlautmann L, Guigas B, Burgdorf S. The Mannose Receptor: From Endocytic Receptor and Biomarker to Regulator of (Meta)Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:765034. [PMID: 34721436 PMCID: PMC8551360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mannose receptor is a member of the C-type lectin (CLEC) family, which can bind and internalize a variety of endogenous and pathogen-associated ligands. Because of these properties, its role in endocytosis as well as antigen processing and presentation has been studied intensively. Recently, it became clear that the mannose receptor can directly influence the activation of various immune cells. Cell-bound mannose receptor expressed by antigen-presenting cells was indeed shown to drive activated T cells towards a tolerogenic phenotype. On the other hand, serum concentrations of a soluble form of the mannose receptor have been reported to be increased in patients suffering from a variety of inflammatory diseases and to correlate with severity of disease. Interestingly, we recently demonstrated that the soluble mannose receptor directly promotes macrophage proinflammatory activation and trigger metaflammation. In this review, we highlight the role of the mannose receptor and other CLECs in regulating the activation of immune cells and in shaping inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Nitsche
- Cellular Immunology, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Schlautmann
- Cellular Immunology, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sven Burgdorf
- Cellular Immunology, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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21
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Hobby ARH, Berretta RM, Eaton DM, Kubo H, Feldsott E, Yang Y, Headrick AL, Koch KA, Rubino M, Kurian J, Khan M, Tan Y, Mohsin S, Gallucci S, McKinsey TA, Houser SR. Cortical bone stem cells modify cardiac inflammation after myocardial infarction by inducing a novel macrophage phenotype. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H684-H701. [PMID: 34415185 PMCID: PMC8794230 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00304.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute damage to the heart, as in the case of myocardial infarction (MI), triggers a robust inflammatory response to the sterile injury that is part of a complex and highly organized wound-healing process. Cortical bone stem cell (CBSC) therapy after MI has been shown to reduce adverse structural and functional remodeling of the heart after MI in both mouse and swine models. The basis for these CBSC treatment effects on wound healing are unknown. The present experiments show that CBSCs secrete paracrine factors known to have immunomodulatory properties, most notably macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and transforming growth factor-β, but not IL-4. CBSC therapy increased the number of galectin-3+ macrophages, CD4+ T cells, and fibroblasts in the heart while decreasing apoptosis in an in vivo swine model of MI. Macrophages treated with CBSC medium in vitro polarized to a proreparative phenotype are characterized by increased CD206 expression, increased efferocytic ability, increased IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-1RA secretion, and increased mitochondrial respiration. Next generation sequencing revealed a transcriptome significantly different from M2a or M2c macrophage phenotypes. Paracrine factors from CBSC-treated macrophages increased proliferation, decreased α-smooth muscle actin expression, and decreased contraction by fibroblasts in vitro. These data support the idea that CBSCs are modulating the immune response to MI to favor cardiac repair through a unique macrophage polarization that ultimately reduces cell death and alters fibroblast populations that may result in smaller scar size and preserved cardiac geometry and function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cortical bone stem cell (CBSC) therapy after myocardial infarction alters the inflammatory response to cardiac injury. We found that cortical bone stem cell therapy induces a unique macrophage phenotype in vitro and can modulate macrophage/fibroblast cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R H Hobby
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Remus M Berretta
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah M Eaton
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hajime Kubo
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Feldsott
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yijun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alaina L Headrick
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Keith A Koch
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marcello Rubino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Justin Kurian
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yinfei Tan
- Genomic Facility, Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Steven R Houser
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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22
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Yang F, Chen J, Huang XR, Yiu WH, Yu X, Tang SCW, Lan HY. Regulatory role and mechanisms of myeloid TLR4 in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6721-6734. [PMID: 34568976 PMCID: PMC8558180 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells and TLR4 play a critical role in acute kidney injury. This study investigated the regulatory role and mechanisms of myeloid TLR4 in experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis (GN). Anti-GBM GN was induced in tlr4flox/flox and tlr4flox/flox−lysM−cre mice by intravenous injection of the sheep anti-mouse GBM antibody. Compared to control mice, conditional disruption of tlr4 from myeloid cells, largely macrophages (> 85%), suppressed glomerular crescent formation and attenuated progressive renal injury by lowering serum creatinine and 24-h urine protein excretion while improving creatinine clearance. Mechanistically, deletion of myeloid tlr4 markedly inhibited renal infiltration of macrophages and T cells and resulted in a shift of infiltrating macrophages from F4/80+iNOS+ M1 to F4/80+CD206+ M2 phenotype and inhibited the upregulation of renal proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and MCP-1. Importantly, deletion of myeloid tlr4 suppressed T cell-mediated immune injury by shifting Th1 (CD4+IFNγ+) and Th17 (CD4+IL-17a+) to Treg (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) immune responses. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that disrupted myeloid TLR4 largely downregulated genes involving immune and cytokine-related pathways. Thus, myeloid TLR4 plays a pivotal role in anti-GBM GN by immunological switching from M1 to M2 and from Th1/Th17 to Treg and targeting myeloid TLR4 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for immune-mediated kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuye Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaoyi Chen
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai Han Yiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Sydney C W Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China. .,The CUHK-Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Joint Research Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Garcia GE, Lu YJ, Truong LD, Roncal-Jiménez CA, Miyazaki M, Miyazaki-Anzai S, Cara-Fuentes G, Andres-Hernando A, Lanaspa M, Johnson RJ, Leamon CP. A Novel Treatment for Glomerular Disease: Targeting the Activated Macrophage Folate Receptor with a Trojan Horse Therapy in Rats. Cells 2021; 10:2113. [PMID: 34440885 PMCID: PMC8393837 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since activated macrophages express a functional folate receptor β (FRβ), targeting this macrophage population with folate-linked drugs could increase selectivity to treat inflammatory diseases. Using a macrophage-mediated anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis (GN) in WKY rats, we investigated the effect of a novel folic acid-aminopterin (AMT) conjugate (EC2319) designed to intracellularly deliver AMT via the FR. We found that treatment with EC2319 significantly attenuated kidney injury and preserved renal function. Kidney protection with EC2319 was blocked by a folate competitor, indicating that its mechanism of action was specifically FRβ-mediated. Notably, treatment with methotrexate (MTX), another folic acid antagonist related to AMT, did not protect from kidney damage. EC2319 reduced glomerular and interstitial macrophage infiltration and decreased M1 macrophage recruitment but not M2 macrophages. The expression of CCL2 and the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-β were also reduced in nephritic glomeruli with EC2319 treatment. In EC2319-treated rats, there was a significant decrease in the deposition of collagens. In nephritic kidneys, FRβ was expressed on periglomerular macrophages and macrophages present in the crescents, but its expression was not observed in normal kidneys. These data indicate that selectively targeting the activated macrophage population could represent a novel means for treating anti-GBM GN and other acute crescentic glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela E. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Yingjuan J. Lu
- Endocyte, Inc., Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (Y.J.L.); (C.P.L.)
| | - Luan D. Truong
- Department of Pathology, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Carlos A. Roncal-Jiménez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Shinobu Miyazaki-Anzai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Gabriel Cara-Fuentes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Ana Andres-Hernando
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Miguel Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Richard J. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Christopher P. Leamon
- Endocyte, Inc., Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (Y.J.L.); (C.P.L.)
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24
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Wen Y, Yan HR, Wang B, Liu BC. Macrophage Heterogeneity in Kidney Injury and Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681748. [PMID: 34093584 PMCID: PMC8173188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney macrophages are central in kidney disease pathogenesis and have therapeutic potential in preventing tissue injury and fibrosis. Recent studies highlighted that kidney macrophages are notably heterogeneous immune cells that fulfill opposing functions such as clearing deposited pathogens, maintaining immune tolerance, initiating and regulating inflammatory responses, promoting kidney fibrosis, and degrading the extracellular matrix. Macrophage origins can partially explain macrophage heterogeneity in the kidneys. Circulating Ly6C+ monocytes are recruited to inflammatory sites by chemokines, while self-renewed kidney resident macrophages contribute to kidney repair and fibrosis. The proliferation of resident macrophages or infiltrating monocytes provides an alternative explanation of macrophage accumulation after kidney injury. In addition, dynamic Ly6C expression on infiltrating monocytes accompanies functional changes in handling kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Mechanisms underlying kidney macrophage heterogeneity, either by recruiting monocyte subpopulations, regulating macrophage polarization, or impacting distinctive macrophage functions, may help develop macrophage-targeted therapies for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Ru Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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25
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Glomerular Macrophages in Human Auto- and Allo-Immune Nephritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030603. [PMID: 33803230 PMCID: PMC7998925 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in tissue homeostasis. They participate in inflammatory episodes and are involved in tissue repair. Macrophages are characterized by a phenotypic heterogeneity and a profound cell plasticity. In the kidney, and more particularly within glomeruli, macrophages are thought to play a maintenance role that is potentially critical for preserving a normal glomerular structure. Literature on the glomerular macrophage role in human crescentic glomerulonephritis and renal transplantation rejection with glomerulitis, is sparse. Evidence from preclinical models indicates that macrophages profoundly modulate disease progression, both in terms of number-where depletion has resulted in a reduced glomerular lesion-and sub-phenotype-M1 being more profoundly detrimental than M2. This evidence is corroborated by better outcomes in patients with a lower number of glomerular macrophages. However, due to the very limited biopsy sample size, the type and role of macrophage subpopulations involved in human proliferative lesions is more difficult to precisely define and synthesize. Therefore, specific biomarkers of macrophage activation may enhance our ability to assess their role, potentially enabling improved monitoring of drug activity and ultimately allowing the development of novel therapeutic strategies to target these elusive cellular players.
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26
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The therapeutic potential of galectin-3 inhibition in fibrotic disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 130:105881. [PMID: 33181315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding mammalian lectin and part of the 15 member galectin family that are evolutionarily highly conserved. It is the only chimeric protein with a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) linked to a proline, glycine, and tyrosine rich additional N-terminal domain. Galectin-3 binds several cell surface glycoproteins via its CRD domain as well as undergoing oligomerization, via binding at the N-terminal or the CRD, resulting in the formation of a galectin-3 lattice on the cell surface. The galectin-3 lattice has been regarded as being a crucial mechanism whereby extracellular galectin-3 modulates cellular signalling by prolonging retention time or retarding lateral movement of cell surface receptors in the plasma membrane. As such galectin-3 can regulate various cellular functions such as diffusion, compartmentalization and endocytosis of plasma membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids and the functionality of membrane receptors. In multiple models of organ fibrosis, it has been demonstrated that galectin-3 is potently pro-fibrotic and modulates the activity of fibroblasts and macrophages in chronically inflamed organs. Increased galectin-3 expression also activates myofibroblasts resulting in scar formation and may therefore impact common fibrotic pathways leading to fibrosis in multiple organs. Over the last decade there has been a marked increase in the scientific literature investigating galectin-3 in a range of fibrotic diseases as well as the clinical development of new galectin-3 inhibitors. In this review we will examine the role of galectin-3 in fibrosis, the therapeutic strategies for inhibiting galectin-3 in fibrotic disease and the clinical landscape to date.
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27
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Conway BR, O'Sullivan ED, Cairns C, O'Sullivan J, Simpson DJ, Salzano A, Connor K, Ding P, Humphries D, Stewart K, Teenan O, Pius R, Henderson NC, Bénézech C, Ramachandran P, Ferenbach D, Hughes J, Chandra T, Denby L. Kidney Single-Cell Atlas Reveals Myeloid Heterogeneity in Progression and Regression of Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2833-2854. [PMID: 32978267 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the roles of myeloid cell subsets in kidney injury and in the limited ability of the organ to repair itself. Characterizing these cells based only on surface markers using flow cytometry might not provide a full phenotypic picture. Defining these cells at the single-cell, transcriptomic level could reveal myeloid heterogeneity in the progression and regression of kidney disease. METHODS Integrated droplet- and plate-based single-cell RNA sequencing were used in the murine, reversible, unilateral ureteric obstruction model to dissect the transcriptomic landscape at the single-cell level during renal injury and the resolution of fibrosis. Paired blood exchange tracked the fate of monocytes recruited to the injured kidney. RESULTS A single-cell atlas of the kidney generated using transcriptomics revealed marked changes in the proportion and gene expression of renal cell types during injury and repair. Conventional flow cytometry markers would not have identified the 12 myeloid cell subsets. Monocytes recruited to the kidney early after injury rapidly adopt a proinflammatory, profibrotic phenotype that expresses Arg1, before transitioning to become Ccr2 + macrophages that accumulate in late injury. Conversely, a novel Mmp12 + macrophage subset acts during repair. CONCLUSIONS Complementary technologies identified novel myeloid subtypes, based on transcriptomics in single cells, that represent therapeutic targets to inhibit progression or promote regression of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eoin D O'Sullivan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carolynn Cairns
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James O'Sullivan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Simpson
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Salzano
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Connor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Ding
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Humphries
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Teenan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Riinu Pius
- Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Bénézech
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash Ramachandran
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Ferenbach
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tamir Chandra
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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28
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Yellon SM, Greaves E, Heuerman AC, Dobyns AE, Norman JE. Effects of macrophage depletion on characteristics of cervix remodeling and pregnancy in CD11b-dtr mice. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1386-1394. [PMID: 30629144 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that macrophages are essential for remodeling the cervix in preparation for birth, pregnant homozygous CD11b-dtr mice were injected with diphtheria toxin (DT) on days 14 and 16 postbreeding. On day 15 postbreeding, macrophages (F4/80+) were depleted in cervix and kidney, but not in liver, ovary, or other non-reproductive tissues in DT-compared to saline-treated dtr mice or wild-type controls given DT or saline. Within 24 h of DT-treatment, the density of cell nuclei and macrophages declined in cervix stroma in dtr mice versus controls, but birefringence of collagen, as an indication of extracellular cross-linked structure, remained unchanged. Only in the cervix of DT-treated dtr mice was an apoptotic morphology evident in macrophages. DT-treatment did not alter the sparse presence or morphology of neutrophils. By day 18 postbreeding, macrophages repopulated the cervix in DT-treated dtr mice so that the numbers were comparable to that in controls. However, at term, evidence of fetal mortality without cervix ripening occurred in most dtr mice given DT-a possible consequence of treatment effects on placental function. These findings suggest that CD11b+ F4/80+ macrophages are important to sustain pregnancy and are required for processes that remodel the cervix in preparation for parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yellon
- Longo Center for Perinatal Biology.,Division of Physiology, Departments of Basic Sciences, and Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - E Greaves
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - J E Norman
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
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Chen A, Lee K, Guan T, He JC, Schlondorff D. Role of CD8+ T cells in crescentic glomerulonephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:564-572. [PMID: 30879039 PMCID: PMC7139212 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Crescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN) comprises three main types according to the pathogenesis and immunofluorescence patterns: anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody cGN, vasculitis-associated cGN and post-infectious immune complex cGN. In this brief review of the immune-pathogenesis of cGN, the focus is mainly on the role of CD8+ T cells in the progression of cGN. Under control conditions, Bowman's capsule (BC) provides a protected immunological niche by preventing access of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to Bowman's space and thereby podocytes. Even in experimental nephrotoxic nephritis, leukocytes accumulate around the glomeruli, but remain outside of BC, as long as the latter remains intact. However, when and where breaches in BC occur, the inflammatory cells can gain access to and destroy podocytes, thus converting cGN into rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). These conclusions also apply to human cGN, where biopsies show that loss of BC integrity is associated with RPGN and progression to end-stage kidney disease. We propose a two-hit hypothesis for the role of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the progression of cGN. The initial insult occurs in response to the immune complex formation or deposition, resulting in local capillary and podocyte injury (first hit). The injured podocytes release neo-epitopes, eventually causing T-cell activation and migration to the glomerulus. Upon generation of breaches in BC, macrophages and CD8+ T cells can now gain access to the glomerular space and destroy neo-epitope expressing podocytes (second hit), resulting in RPGN. While further investigation will be required to test this hypothesis, future therapeutic trials should consider targeting of CD8+ T cells in the therapy of progressive cGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqun Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian province, China
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianjun Guan
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian province, China
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Renal Section, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Detlef Schlondorff
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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30
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Moran SM, Monach PA, Zgaga L, Cuthbertson D, Carette S, Khalidi NA, Koening CL, Langford CA, McAlear CA, Moreland L, Pagnoux C, Seo P, Specks U, Sreih A, Wyse J, Ytterberg SR, Merkel PA, Little MA. Urinary soluble CD163 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the identification of subtle renal flare in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:283-291. [PMID: 30380100 PMCID: PMC8205505 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior work has shown that urinary soluble CD163 (usCD163) displays excellent biomarker characteristics for detection of active renal vasculitis using samples that included new diagnoses with highly active renal disease. This study focused on the use of usCD163 in the detection of the more clinically relevant state of mild renal flare and compared results of usCD163 testing directly to testing of urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (uMCP-1). METHODS Patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV, n = 88) were identified within a serially sampled, longitudinal and multicentre cohort. Creatinine-normalized usCD163 and uMCP-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and, both alone and in combination, were compared between times of active renal AAV and during remission and/or active non-renal AAV. RESULTS Samples from 320 study visits included times of active renal vasculitis (n = 39), remission (n = 233) and active extrarenal vasculitis (n = 48). Median creatinine levels were 0.9 mg/dL [interquartile range (IQR) 0.8-1.2] in remission and 1.4 mg/dL (IQR 1.0-1.8) during renal flare. usCD163 levels were higher in patients with active renal vasculitis compared with patients in remission and those with active extrarenal vasculitis, with median values of 162 ng/mmol (IQR 79-337), 44 (17-104) and 38 (7-76), respectively (P < 0.001). uMCP-1 levels were also higher in patients with active renal vasculitis compared with patients in remission and those with active extrarenal vasculitis, with median values of 10.6 pg/mmol (IQR 4.6-23.5), 4.1 (2.5-8.4) and 4.1 (1.9-6.8), respectively (P < 0.001). The proposed diagnostic cut-points for usCD163 and uMCP-1 were 72.9 ng/mmol and 10.0 pg/mmol, respectively. usCD163 and uMCP-1 levels were marginally correlated (r2 = 0.11, P < 0.001). Combining novel and existing biomarkers using recursive tree partitioning indicated that elevated usCD163 plus either elevated uMCP-1 or new/worse proteinuria improved the positive likelihood ratio (PLR) of active renal vasculitis to 19.2. CONCLUSION A combination of usCD163 and uMCP-1 measurements appears to be useful in identifying the diagnosis of subtle renal vasculitis flare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Moran
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul A Monach
- Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Rheumatology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Cuthbertson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Simon Carette
- Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nader A Khalidi
- Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Curry L Koening
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Carol A McAlear
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Larry Moreland
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Philip Seo
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Specks
- Division of Pulmonology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Antoine Sreih
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason Wyse
- Discipline of Statistics, School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven R Ytterberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter A Merkel
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark A Little
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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31
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Wu SY, Chiang CS. Distinct Role of CD11b +Ly6G -Ly6C - Myeloid-Derived Cells on the Progression of the Primary Tumor and Therapy-Associated Recurrent Brain Tumor. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010051. [PMID: 31878276 PMCID: PMC7016541 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived cells have been implicated as playing essential roles in cancer therapy, particularly in cancer immunotherapy. Most studies have focused on either CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6C+ granulocytic or polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs or PMN-MDSCs) or CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6C+ monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs), for which clear roles have been established. On the other hand, CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6C− myeloid-derived cells (MDCs) have been less well studied. Here, the CD11b-diphtheria toxin receptor (CD11b-DTR) transgenic mouse model was used to evaluate the role of CD11b+ myeloid-derived cells in chemotherapy for an orthotopic murine astrocytoma, ALTS1C1. Using this transgenic mouse model, two injections of diphtheria toxin (DT) could effectively deplete CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6C− MDCs while leaving CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6C+ PMN-MDSCs and CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6C+ M-MDSCs intact. Depletion of CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6C− MDCs in mice bearing ALTS1C1-tk tumors and receiving ganciclovir (GCV) prolonged the mean survival time for mice from 30.7 to 37.8 days, but not the controls, while the effectiveness of temozolomide was enhanced. Mechanistically, depletion of CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6C− MDCs blunted therapy-induced increases in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and compromised therapy-elicited angiogenesis. Collectively, our findings suggest that CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6C− MDCs could be manipulated to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy for brain tumors. However, our study also cautions that the timing of any MDC manipulation may be critical to achieve the best therapeutic result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-573-3168
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32
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Macrophages fine tune satellite cell fate in dystrophic skeletal muscle of mdx mice. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008408. [PMID: 31626629 PMCID: PMC6821135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) are muscle stem cells that remain quiescent during homeostasis and are activated in response to acute muscle damage or in chronic degenerative conditions such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. The activity of SCs is supported by specialized cells which either reside in the muscle or are recruited in regenerating skeletal muscles, such as for instance macrophages (MΦs). By using a dystrophic mouse model of transient MΦ depletion, we describe a shift in identity of muscle stem cells dependent on the crosstalk between MΦs and SCs. Indeed MΦ depletion determines adipogenic conversion of SCs and exhaustion of the SC pool leading to an exacerbated dystrophic phenotype. The reported data could also provide new insights into therapeutic approaches targeting inflammation in dystrophic muscles. Muscular dystrophies are a heterogenous group of genetic disorders characterized by muscle wasting, leading to loss of mobility and eventually to death due to respiratory or cardiac failure. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most severe dystrophies and is caused by the loss of functional dystrophin protein owing to genetic mutations, consequently, the sarcolemma becomes fragile and susceptible to muscle damage induced by contraction. Satellite cells (SCs) are skeletal muscle stem cells that mediate the repair process leading to muscle regeneration. Dystrophic muscles undergo continuous cycles of degeneration and regeneration eventually culminating in myofiber loss and deposition of fibrous and fatty connective tissue. Inflammation is always associated with the muscle regeneration process. Among different types of inflammatory cells, mainly macrophages (MΦs) are present in regenerating skeletal muscles and are involved in the regenerative process both after an acute injury and during pathological conditions such as DMD. We focused on the cross-talk between MΦs and SCs in a mouse model of DMD and highlighted a role of MΦs in preserving the SC identity.
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33
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Chalmers SA, Garcia SJ, Reynolds JA, Herlitz L, Putterman C. NF-kB signaling in myeloid cells mediates the pathogenesis of immune-mediated nephritis. J Autoimmun 2019; 98:33-43. [PMID: 30612857 PMCID: PMC6426635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated glomerulonephritis is a serious end organ pathology that commonly affects patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A classic murine model used to study lupus nephritis (LN) is nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN), in which mice are passively transferred nephrotoxic antibodies. We have previously shown that macrophages are important in the pathogenesis of LN. To further investigate the mechanism by which macrophages contribute to the pathogenic process, and to determine if this contribution is mediated by NF-κB signaling, we created B6 mice which had RelA knocked out in myeloid cells, thus inhibiting classical NF-κB signaling in this cell lineage. We induced NTN in this strain to assess the importance of macrophage derived NF-κB signaling in contributing to disease progression. Myeloid cell RelA knock out (KO) mice injected with nephrotoxic serum had significantly attenuated proteinuria, lower BUN levels, and improved renal histopathology compared to control injected wildtype B6 mice (WT). Inhibiting myeloid NF-κB signaling also decreased inflammatory modulators within the kidneys. We found significant decreases of IL-1a, IFNg, and IL-6 in kidneys from KO mice, but higher IL-10 expression. Flow cytometry revealed decreased numbers of kidney infiltrating classically activated macrophages in KO mice as well. Our results indicate that macrophage NF-κB signaling is instrumental in the contribution of this cell type to the pathogenesis of NTN. While approaches which decrease macrophage numbers can be effective in immune mediated nephritis, more targeted treatments directed at modulating macrophage signaling and/or function could be beneficial, at least in the early stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Chalmers
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Sayra J Garcia
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Joshua A Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Leal Herlitz
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Macrophages: versatile players in renal inflammation and fibrosis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 15:144-158. [PMID: 30692665 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages have important roles in immune surveillance and in the maintenance of kidney homeostasis; their response to renal injury varies enormously depending on the nature and duration of the insult. Macrophages can adopt a variety of phenotypes: at one extreme, M1 pro-inflammatory cells contribute to infection clearance but can also promote renal injury; at the other extreme, M2 anti-inflammatory cells have a reparative phenotype and can contribute to the resolution phase of the response to injury. In addition, bone marrow monocytes can differentiate into myeloid-derived suppressor cells that can regulate T cell immunity in the kidney. However, macrophages can also promote renal fibrosis, a major driver of progression to end-stage renal disease, and the CD206+ subset of M2 macrophages is strongly associated with renal fibrosis in both human and experimental diseases. Myofibroblasts are important contributors to renal fibrosis and recent studies provide evidence that macrophages recruited from the bone marrow can transition directly into myofibroblasts within the injured kidney. This process is termed macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT) and is driven by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1)-Smad3 signalling via a Src-centric regulatory network. MMT may serve as a key checkpoint for the progression of chronic inflammation into pathogenic fibrosis.
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35
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Meng XM, Mak TSK, Lan HY. Macrophages in Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:285-303. [PMID: 31399970 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages are highly involved in the process of renal injury, repair and fibrosis in many aspects of experimental and human renal diseases. Monocyte-derived macrophages, characterized by high heterogeneity and plasticity, are recruited, activated, and polarized in the whole process of renal fibrotic diseases in response to local microenvironment. As classically activated M1 or CD11b+/Ly6Chigh macrophages accelerate renal injury by producing pro-inflammatory factors like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukins, alternatively activated M2 or CD11b+/Ly6Cintermediate macrophages may contribute to kidney repair by exerting anti-inflammation and wound healing functions. However, uncontrolled M2 macrophages or CD11b+/Ly6Clow macrophages promote renal fibrosis via paracrine effects or direct transition to myofibroblast-like cells via the process of macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT). In this regard, therapeutic strategies targeting monocyte/macrophage recruitment, activation, and polarization should be emphasized in the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Thomas Shiu-Kwong Mak
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Chi Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Chi Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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36
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Liao WQ, Cui SY, Ouyang Q, Mei Y, Cai GY, Fu B, Ma Q, Bai XY, Li QG, Chen XM. Modulation of Macrophage Polarization by Human Glomerular Mesangial Cells in Response to the Stimuli in Renal Microenvironment. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:566-577. [PMID: 30523751 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesangial cell (MC) activation and macrophage infiltration are 2 major events closely related with each other in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. In the anti-Thy 1 nephritis model, macrophages mediate the damage and also the expansion of mesangium through secreting various inflammatory factors; however, in glomerular microenvironment how MCs affect macrophage activity in the presence of various stimuli have not yet been understood. In the present study, we found that resting human MCs (HMCs) constitutively expressed chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2 (CCL-2) and interleukin (IL)-6 and induced M2 polarization of macrophages in the coculture system. HMC proliferation and migration and expression of IL-6, CCL-2, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor in HMCs were enhanced after platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB stimulation, among which CCL-2 was responsible for inducing the M2 polarization of macrophages. Furthermore, PDGF-BB-stimulated HMCs alleviated the classical activation of macrophages and drove more intensified M2 polarization of macrophages than resting HMCs did. However, lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulated HMCs maintained the M1 phenotype of cocultured macrophages. In conclusion, MCs actively participated in glomerular inflammation through influencing macrophage polarization. The interplay between MCs and infiltrated macrophages is finely modulated by secretory factors such as PDGF-BB and IFN-γ in response to the renal inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Qiong Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Gang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
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37
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Papakrivopoulou E, Vasilopoulou E, Lindenmeyer MT, Pacheco S, Brzóska HŁ, Price KL, Kolatsi‐Joannou M, White KE, Henderson DJ, Dean CH, Cohen CD, Salama AD, Woolf AS, Long DA. Vangl2, a planar cell polarity molecule, is implicated in irreversible and reversible kidney glomerular injury. J Pathol 2018; 246:485-496. [PMID: 30125361 PMCID: PMC6282744 DOI: 10.1002/path.5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways control the orientation and alignment of epithelial cells within tissues. Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) is a key PCP protein that is required for the normal differentiation of kidney glomeruli and tubules. Vangl2 has also been implicated in modifying the course of acquired glomerular disease, and here, we further explored how Vangl2 impacts on glomerular pathobiology in this context. Targeted genetic deletion of Vangl2 in mouse glomerular epithelial podocytes enhanced the severity of not only irreversible accelerated nephrotoxic nephritis but also lipopolysaccharide-induced reversible glomerular damage. In each proteinuric model, genetic deletion of Vangl2 in podocytes was associated with an increased ratio of active-MMP9 to inactive MMP9, an enzyme involved in tissue remodelling. In addition, by interrogating microarray data from two cohorts of renal patients, we report increased VANGL2 transcript levels in the glomeruli of individuals with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, suggesting that the molecule may also be involved in certain human glomerular diseases. These observations support the conclusion that Vangl2 modulates glomerular injury, at least in part by acting as a brake on MMP9, a potentially harmful endogenous enzyme. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Polarity
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Activation
- Female
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/genetics
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/metabolism
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/physiopathology
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism
- Kidney Glomerulus/pathology
- Kidney Glomerulus/physiopathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/genetics
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/metabolism
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/pathology
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/physiopathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Papakrivopoulou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Elisavet Vasilopoulou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- Medway School of PharmacyUniversity of KentChatham MaritimeUK
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IVUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
- Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Sabrina Pacheco
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Hortensja Ł Brzóska
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Karen L Price
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Maria Kolatsi‐Joannou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Kathryn E White
- Electron Microscopy Research ServicesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Deborah J Henderson
- Cardiovascular Research CentreInstitute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Charlotte H Dean
- Inflammation Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IVUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Alan D Salama
- University College London Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free HospitalLondonUK
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthSchool of Biological Sciences, University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
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38
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Puranik AS, Leaf IA, Jensen MA, Hedayat AF, Saad A, Kim KW, Saadalla AM, Woollard JR, Kashyap S, Textor SC, Grande JP, Lerman A, Simari RD, Randolph GJ, Duffield JS, Lerman LO. Kidney-resident macrophages promote a proangiogenic environment in the normal and chronically ischemic mouse kidney. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13948. [PMID: 30224726 PMCID: PMC6141464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) caused by narrowing of arteries is characterized by microvascular damage. Macrophages are implicated in repair and injury, but the specific populations responsible for these divergent roles have not been identified. Here, we characterized murine kidney F4/80+CD64+ macrophages in three transcriptionally unique populations. Using fate-mapping and parabiosis studies, we demonstrate that CD11b/cint are long-lived kidney-resident (KRM) while CD11chiMϕ, CD11cloMϕ are monocyte-derived macrophages. In a murine model of RAS, KRM self-renewed, while CD11chiMϕ and CD11cloMϕ increased significantly, which was associated with loss of peritubular capillaries. Replacing the native KRM with monocyte-derived KRM using liposomal clodronate and bone marrow transplantation followed by RAS, amplified loss of peritubular capillaries. To further elucidate the nature of interactions between KRM and peritubular endothelial cells, we performed RNA-sequencing on flow-sorted macrophages from Sham and RAS kidneys. KRM showed a prominent activation pattern in RAS with significant enrichment in reparative pathways, like angiogenesis and wound healing. In culture, KRM increased proliferation of renal peritubular endothelial cells implying direct pro-angiogenic properties. Human homologs of KRM identified as CD11bintCD11cintCD68+ increased in post-stenotic kidney biopsies from RAS patients compared to healthy human kidneys, and inversely correlated to kidney function. Thus, KRM may play protective roles in stenotic kidney injury through expansion and upregulation of pro-angiogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutesh S Puranik
- The Divisions of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Colton Center for Autoimmunity, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Ahmad F Hedayat
- The Divisions of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ahmad Saad
- The Divisions of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - John R Woollard
- The Divisions of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sonu Kashyap
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Joseph P Grande
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert D Simari
- University of Kansas, School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremy S Duffield
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- The Divisions of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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39
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Amos LA, Ma FY, Tesch GH, Liles JT, Breckenridge DG, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Han Y. ASK1 inhibitor treatment suppresses p38/JNK signalling with reduced kidney inflammation and fibrosis in rat crescentic glomerulonephritis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4522-4533. [PMID: 29998485 PMCID: PMC6111820 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c‐Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) is prominent in human crescentic glomerulonephritis. p38 and JNK inhibitors suppress crescentic disease in animal models; however, the upstream mechanisms inducing activation of these kinases in crescentic glomerulonephritis are unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1/MAP3K5) promote p38/JNK activation and renal injury in models of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN); acute glomerular injury in SD rats, and crescentic disease in WKY rats. Treatment with the selective ASK1 inhibitor, GS‐444217 or vehicle began 1 hour before nephrotoxic serum injection and continued until animals were killed on day 1 (SD rats) or 14 (WKY rats). NTN resulted in phosphorylation (activation) of p38 and c‐Jun in both models which was substantially reduced by ASK1 inhibitor treatment. In SD rats, GS‐444217 prevented proteinuria and glomerular thrombosis with suppression of macrophage activation on day 1 NTN. In WKY rats, GS‐444217 reduced crescent formation, prevented renal impairment and reduced proteinuria on day 14 NTN. Macrophage activation, T‐cell infiltration and renal fibrosis were also reduced by GS‐444217. In conclusion, GS‐444217 treatment inhibited p38/JNK activation and development of renal injury in rat NTN. ASK1 inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv A Amos
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia.,Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia
| | - Frank Y Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia.,Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia
| | - Greg H Tesch
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia.,Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia
| | | | | | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia.,Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia
| | - Yingjie Han
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia.,Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia
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40
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CD11c+ M1-like macrophages (MΦs) but not CD206+ M2-like MΦ are involved in folliculogenesis in mice ovary. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8171. [PMID: 29802255 PMCID: PMC5970206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦs) are involved in folliculogenesis and ovulation. However, it is unknown which type of MΦ, M1 or M2, plays a more essential role in the ovary. CD206 or CD11c diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic (DTR) mice, which enable depletion of CD206+ M2 MΦs and CD11c+ MΦ or CD11c+ Dendritic cells (DCs), respectively, were used. Oocytes were used for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. In vitro fertilized embryos derived from M2 MΦ depleted oocytes were transferred to pseudo pregnant wild type mice. CD11c DTR mice were also used to investigate the role of CD11c cells, M1 MΦ and DCs in folliculogenesis. In WT mice, the proportion of CD206+ M2-like MΦs was not increased in follicular induction, while that of CD11c+ M1-like MΦs was increased. In CD206 DTR mice, folliculogenesis was normal and the ovulation number, fertilization rate, and implantation rate were similar to those in WT mice. In CD11c DTR mice, folliculogenesis was impaired with ovarian hemorrhage and the staining of platelet derived growth factor-receptor β (PDGF-Rβ), a marker of pericytes, and CD34, a marker of endothelial cells, was reduced. CD11c+ cells, M1 MΦs or DCs, may be involved in folliculogenesis, while M2 MΦs are not involved in folliculogenesis.
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41
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Trostel J, Truong LD, Roncal-Jimenez C, Miyazaki M, Miyazaki-Anzai S, Kuwabara M, McMahan R, Andres-Hernando A, Sato Y, Jensen T, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ, Garcia GE. Different effects of global osteopontin and macrophage osteopontin in glomerular injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F759-F768. [PMID: 29717936 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00458.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a pro-and anti-inflammatory molecule that simultaneously attenuates oxidative stress. Both inflammation and oxidative stress play a role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and in the progression of kidney injury. Importantly, OPN is highly induced in nephritic kidneys. To characterize further the role of OPN in kidney injury we used OPN-/- mice in antiglomerular basement membrane reactive serum-induced immune (NTS) nephritis, an inflammatory and progressive model of kidney disease. Normal wild-type (WT) and OPN-/- mice did not show histological differences. However, nephritic kidneys from OPN-/- mice showed severe damage compared with WT mice. Glomerular proliferation, necrotizing lesions, crescent formation, and tubulointerstitial injury were significantly higher in OPN-/- mice. Macrophage infiltration was increased in the glomeruli and interstitium in OPN-/- mice, with higher expression of IL-6, CCL2, and chemokine CXCL1. In addition, collagen (Col) I, Col III, and Col IV deposition were increased in kidneys from OPN-/- mice. Elevated expression of the reactive oxygen species-generating enzyme Nox4 and blunted expression of Nrf2, a molecule that inhibits reactive oxygen species and inflammatory pathways, was observed in nephritic kidneys from OPN-/- mice. Notably, CD11b diphteria toxin receptor mice with NTS nephritis selectively depleted of macrophages and reconstituted with OPN-/- macrophages showed less kidney injury compared with mice receiving WT macrophages. These findings suggest that in global OPN-/- mice there is increased inflammation and redox imbalance that mediate kidney damage. However, absence of macrophage OPN is protective, indicating that macrophage OPN plays a role in the induction and progression of kidney injury in NTS nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Trostel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Luan D Truong
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital , Houston, Texas
| | | | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | | | | | - Rachel McMahan
- Division of Gastroenterology University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Yuka Sato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Thomas Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
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42
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Eymael J, Sharma S, Loeven MA, Wetzels JF, Mooren F, Florquin S, Deegens JK, Willemsen BK, Sharma V, van Kuppevelt TH, Bakker MA, Ostendorf T, Moeller MJ, Dijkman HB, Smeets B, van der Vlag J. CD44 is required for the pathogenesis of experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis and collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 2018; 93:626-642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Muthukrishnan SD, Ryzhov S, Karolak M, Oxburgh L. Nephron progenitor cell death elicits a limited compensatory response associated with interstitial expansion in the neonatal kidney. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.030544. [PMID: 29196442 PMCID: PMC5818074 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The final nephron number in an adult kidney is regulated by nephron progenitor cell availability and collecting duct branching in the fetal period. Fetal environmental perturbations that cause reductions in cell numbers in these two compartments result in low nephron endowment. Previous work has shown that maternal dietary factors influence nephron progenitor cell availability, with both caloric restriction and protein deprivation leading to reduced cell numbers through apoptosis. In this study, we evaluate the consequences of inducing nephron progenitor cell death on progenitor niche dynamics and on nephron endowment. Depletion of approximately 40% of nephron progenitor cells by expression of diphtheria toxin A at embryonic day 15 in the mouse results in 10-20% nephron reduction in the neonatal period. Analysis of cell numbers within the progenitor cell pool following induction of apoptosis reveals a compensatory response in which surviving progenitor cells increase their proliferation and replenish the niche. The proliferative response is temporally associated with infiltration of macrophages into the nephrogenic zone. Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) has a mitogenic effect on nephron progenitor cells, providing a potential explanation for the compensatory proliferation. However, CSF1 also promotes interstitial cell proliferation, and the compensatory response is associated with interstitial expansion in recovering kidneys which can be pharmacologically inhibited by treatment with clodronate liposomes. Our findings suggest that the fetal kidney employs a macrophage-dependent compensatory regenerative mechanism to respond to acute injury caused by death of nephron progenitor cells, but that this regenerative response is associated with neonatal interstitial expansion. Editor's choice: Formation of the kidney relies on maintaining progenitor cells throughout development. The authors find that apoptotic loss of nephron progenitor cells provokes compensatory proliferation mediated by trophic factors released by phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Deepthi Muthukrishnan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Michele Karolak
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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44
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Dick J, Gan PY, Kitching AR, Holdsworth SR. The C3aR promotes macrophage infiltration and regulates ANCA production but does not affect glomerular injury in experimental anti-myeloperoxidase glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190655. [PMID: 29315316 PMCID: PMC5760037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitides are autoimmune diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They often affect the kidney causing rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. While signalling by complement anaphylatoxin C5a though the C5a receptor is important in this disease, the role of the anaphylatoxin C3a signalling via the C3a receptor (C3aR) is not known. Using two different murine models of anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) glomerulonephritis, one mediated by passive transfer of anti-MPO antibodies, the other by cell-mediated immunity, we found that the C3aR did not alter histological disease severity. However, it promoted macrophage recruitment to the inflamed glomerulus and inhibited the generation of MPO-ANCA whilst not influencing T cell autoimmunity. Thus, whilst the C3aR modulates some elements of disease pathogenesis, overall it is not critical in effector responses and glomerular injury caused by autoimmunity to MPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dick
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Poh-Yi Gan
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Monash Children’s Hospital, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen R. Holdsworth
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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45
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Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells and are distributed in most adult tissues. Certain tissue-resident macrophages with a prenatal origin, together with postnatal monocyte-derived macrophages, serve as the host scavenger system to eliminate invading pathogens, malignant cells, senescent cells, dead cells, cellular debris, and other foreign substances. As a key member of the mononuclear phagocyte system, macrophages play essential roles in regulation of prenatal development, tissue homeostasis, and disease progression. Over the past two decades, considerable efforts have been made to generate genetic models of macrophage ablation in mice. These models support investigations of the precise functions of tissue-specific macrophages under physiological and pathological conditions. Herein, we overview the currently available mouse strains for in vivo genetic ablation of macrophages and discuss their respective advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hua
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
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46
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Wu X, Zhang M, Huang X, Zhang L, Zeng C, Zhang J, Liu Z, Tang Z. Therapeutic Mechanism of Glucocorticoids on Cellular Crescent Formation in Patients With Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease. Am J Med Sci 2017; 354:145-151. [PMID: 28864372 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the therapeutic mechanism of glucocorticoids (GCs) in antiglomerular basement membrane disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four patients with biopsy-proven antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis were divided into the following 2 groups: group 1 (patients treated with GCs, n = 22) and group 2 (patients who were not treated with GCs, n = 12). The expression of parietal epithelial cells (PECs), activated PECs and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) was examined quantitatively and compared between the 2 groups. Correlations between GR expression in glomeruli and patients' clinicopathological indices were also analyzed. RESULTS Compared with patients in group 2, patients in group 1 showed lower levels of serum creatinine (SCr) (P = 0.03), average cellular crescent percentage (P = 0.005) and macrophages infiltrating in renal interstitium (P = 0.03). PECs (P = 0.007) and activated PECs (P = 0.03) were strongly detected in the cellular components of classic crescents, and both were significantly reduced in group 1 compared to group 2. GR expression either in glomeruli (P = 0.01) or interstitium (P = 0.009) was lower in group 1 after GCs treatment than in group 2. Additionally, GR expression in glomeruli was strongly correlated with renal function (SCr: r = 0.45, P = 0.009; eGFR: r = -0.35, P = 0.046), the proportion of cellular crescents (r = 0.67, P < 0.001), PECs (r = 0.64, P < 0.001) and activated PECs (r = 0.72, P < 0.001), and the degree of interstitial (r = 0.50, P = 0.004) and glomerular (r = 0.49, P = 0.007) macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS GCs might exert their therapeutic effects via inhibiting the activation and proliferation of PECs, as well as macrophage infiltration, which could contribute to crescent formation and determine renal survival. GRs are involved in this process as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Caihong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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47
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Kavvadas P, Abed A, Poulain C, Authier F, Labéjof LP, Calmont A, Afieri C, Prakoura N, Dussaule JC, Chatziantoniou C, Chadjichristos CE. Decreased Expression of Connexin 43 Blunts the Progression of Experimental GN. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2915-2930. [PMID: 28667079 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016111211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
GN refers to a variety of renal pathologies that often progress to ESRD, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this progression remain incompletely characterized. Here, we determined whether dysregulated expression of the gap junction protein connexin 43, which has been observed in the progression of renal disease, contributes to GN progression. Immunostaining revealed de novo expression of connexin 43 in damaged glomeruli in patients with glomerular diseases as well as in mice after induction of experimental GN. Notably, 2 weeks after the induction of GN with nephrotoxic serum, mice with a heterozygous deletion of the connexin 43 gene (connexin 43+/-) had proteinuria, BUN, and serum creatinine levels significantly lower than those of wild-type animals. Additionally, the connexin 43+/- mice showed less crescent formation, tubular dilation, monocyte infiltration, and interstitial renal fibrosis. Treatment of cultured podocytes with connexin 43-specific blocking peptides attenuated TGF-β-induced cytoskeletal and morphologic changes and apoptosis as did treatment with the purinergic blocker suramin. Finally, therapeutic treatment of GN mice with connexin 43-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide improved functional and structural renal parameters. These findings suggest that crosstalk between connexin 43 and purinergic signaling contributes to podocyte damage in GN. Given that this protein is highly induced in individuals with glomerular diseases, connexin 43 may be a novel target for therapeutic treatment of GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kavvadas
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1155, Batiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Abed
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1155, Batiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, University Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Coralie Poulain
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1155, Batiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.,University René Descartes, Paris, France.,University Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Florence Authier
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1155, Batiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lise-Paule Labéjof
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1155, Batiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.,Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Amelie Calmont
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1155, Batiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Carlo Afieri
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1155, Batiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.,Unit of Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Niki Prakoura
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1155, Batiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Dussaule
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1155, Batiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, University Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris 6, Paris, France.,Department of Physiology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Christos Chatziantoniou
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1155, Batiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, University Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Christos E Chadjichristos
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1155, Batiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France; .,Sorbonne Universites, University Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris 6, Paris, France
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48
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Yung S, Yap DYH, Chan TM. Recent advances in the understanding of renal inflammation and fibrosis in lupus nephritis. F1000Res 2017; 6:874. [PMID: 28663794 PMCID: PMC5473406 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10445.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a potentially reversible cause of severe acute kidney injury and is an important cause of end-stage renal failure in Asians and patients of African or Hispanic descent. It is characterized by aberrant exaggerated innate and adaptive immune responses, autoantibody production and their deposition in the kidney parenchyma, triggering complement activation, activation and proliferation of resident renal cells, and expression of pro-inflammatory and chemotactic molecules leading to the influx of inflammatory cells, all of which culminate in destruction of normal nephrons and their replacement by fibrous tissue. Anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody level correlates with disease activity in most patients. There is evidence that apart from mediating pathogenic processes through the formation of immune complexes, pathogenic anti-dsDNA antibodies can bind to resident renal cells and induce downstream pro-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory, or pro-fibrotic processes or a combination of these. Recent data also highlight the critical role of macrophages in acute and chronic kidney injury. Though clinically effective, current treatments for lupus nephritis encompass non-specific immunosuppression and the anti-inflammatory action of high-dose corticosteroids. The clinical and histological impact of novel biologics targeting pro-inflammatory molecules remains to be investigated. Insight into the underlying mechanisms that induce inflammatory and fibrotic processes in the kidney of lupus nephritis could present opportunities for more specific novel treatment options to improve clinical outcomes while minimizing off-target untoward effects. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms leading to inflammation and fibrosis of the kidney in lupus nephritis in the context of established standard-of-care and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Desmond YH Yap
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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49
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Identification of Ceruloplasmin as a Gene that Affects Susceptibility to Glomerulonephritis Through Macrophage Function. Genetics 2017; 206:1139-1151. [PMID: 28450461 PMCID: PMC5499168 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.197376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Crescentic glomerulonephritis (Crgn) is a complex disorder where macrophage activity and infiltration are significant effector causes. In previous linkage studies using the uniquely susceptible Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat strain, we have identified multiple crescentic glomerulonephritis QTL (Crgn) and positionally cloned genes underlying Crgn1 and Crgn2, which accounted for 40% of total variance in glomerular inflammation. Here, we have generated a backcross (BC) population (n = 166) where Crgn1 and Crgn2 were genetically fixed and found significant linkage to glomerular crescents on chromosome 2 (Crgn8, LOD = 3.8). Fine mapping analysis by integration with genome-wide expression QTLs (eQTLs) from the same BC population identified ceruloplasmin (Cp) as a positional eQTL in macrophages but not in serum. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed Cp as a protein QTL in rat macrophages. WKY macrophages overexpress Cp and its downregulation by RNA interference decreases markers of glomerular proinflammatory macrophage activation. Similarly, short incubation with Cp results in a strain-dependent macrophage polarization in the rat. These results suggest that genetically determined Cp levels can alter susceptibility to Crgn through macrophage function and propose a new role for Cp in early macrophage activation.
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Li J, Yu YF, Liu CH, Wang CM. Significance of M2 macrophages in glomerulonephritis with crescents. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:1215-1220. [PMID: 28554749 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD163 and CD206, markers of M2 macrophages, possesses anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the clinicopathologic significance of M2 macrophages in patients of glomerulonephritis with crescents. METHODS Renal tissue samples from patients of glomerulonephritis with more than 30% cell or cell-fibrous crescents, including lupus nephritis (LN, n=14), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV, n=14), IgA nephropathy(IgAN) (n=11), Henoch Schonlein purpura glomerulonephritis(HSPGN)(n=8)were included in this study. The expression of CD163, CD206 and CD68 in renal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. RESULTS (1) CD163 was mainly expressed in cell or cell-fibrous crescents, proliferative glomerular lesions and acute tubulointerstitial injury. There were numerous CD163-positive cells in LN and AAV in comparison with IgAN and HSPGN. (2) CD206-positive cells were mainly observed in acute tubulointerstitial injury, and proliferative glomerular lesions, especially in LN. Patients with LN had numerous CD206-positive cells in glomerular than other groups. The number of CD163-positive cells and CD206-positive cells in acute tubulointerstitial lesions of LN and AAV were more than IgAN and HSPGN. (3) Both the number of CD163-positive cells and CD206-positive cells in acute tubulointerstitial lesions negatively correlated to estimated glomerular filtration rate. (4) In LN, activity index (AI) positively correlated with the number of CD206-positive cells and CD163-positive cells. Dual staining showed that CD163-positive cells and CD206-positive cells also expressed CD68. CONCLUSIONS CD163-positive cells and CD206-positive cells, subpopulation of macrophages, which were involved in the pathogenesis of active crescentic glomerulonephritis, especially in LN and AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ya-Fen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Hua Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cui-Mei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
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