1
|
Sugioka S, Yamada H, Ishii A, Kato Y, Yamada R, Mori KP, Ohno S, Handa T, Ikushima A, Ishimura T, Osaki K, Tokudome T, Matsusaka T, Nebreda AR, Yanagita M, Yokoi H. Dual deletion of guanylyl cyclase-A and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in podocytes with aldosterone administration causes glomerular intra-capillary thrombi. Kidney Int 2023; 104:508-525. [PMID: 37356621 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides exert not only blood-lowering but also kidney-protective effects through guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A), a natriuretic peptide receptor. Signaling through GC-A has been shown to protect podocytes from aldosterone-induced glomerular injury, and a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor reduced glomerular injury in aldosterone-infused podocyte-specific GC-A knockout mice. To explore the role of p38 MAPK in podocytes, we constructed podocyte-specific p38 MAPK and GC-A double knockout mice (pod-double knockout mice). Unexpectedly, aldosterone-infused and high salt-fed (B-ALDO)-treated pod-double knockout mice resulted in elevated serum creatinine, massive albuminuria, macrophage infiltration, foot process effacement, nephrin and podocin reduction, and additionally, intra-capillary fibrin thrombi, indicating endothelial injury. Microarray analysis showed increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in glomeruli of B-ALDO-treated pod-double knockout mice. In B-ALDO-treated pod-double knockout mice, PAI-1 increased in podocytes, and treatment with PAI-1 neutralizing antibody ameliorated intra-capillary thrombus formation. In vitro, deletion of p38 MAPK by the CRISPR/Cas9 system and knockdown of GC-A in human cultured podocytes upregulated PAI-1 and transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β1). When p38 MAPK knockout podocytes, transfected with a small interfering RNA to suppress GC-A, were co-cultured with glomerular endothelial cells in a transwell system, the expression of TGF-β1 was increased in glomerular endothelial cells. PAI-1 inhibition ameliorated both podocyte and endothelial injury in the transwell system signifying elevated PAI-1 in podocytes is a factor disrupting normal podocyte-endothelial crosstalk. Thus, our results indicate that genetic dual deletion of p38 MAPK and GC-A in podocytes accelerates both podocyte and endothelial injuries, suggesting these two molecules play indispensable roles in podocyte function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Sugioka
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita P Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, PIIF Tazuke-Kofukai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoko Ohno
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaya Handa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, PIIF Tazuke-Kofukai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akie Ikushima
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishimura
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Osaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokudome
- Department of Pharmacology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiao D, Jiang Q, Liu Y, Ji L. Nephroprotective effect of wogonin against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity via inhibition of oxidative stress-induced MAPK and NF-kB pathway in Sprague Dawley rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:1082-1091. [PMID: 31132876 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119842635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the responsible factors for causing renal diseases. For the treatment or prevention of the renal disease, antioxidants use could be a hopeful therapeutic mediation as they block the oxidative reaction along with inflammatory process. Wogonin (Wog) is a plant flavonoid, a pharmacologically active component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang Qui), which exhibits antioxidant activity. In this investigation, we explored the nephroprotective activity of Wog on cadmium (Cd)-induced nephron toxicity in rats. Administering (10 and 20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally diminished Cd-induced anomalies in kidney histology and creatinine and serum urea levels. Wog therapy reduced the Cd-influenced generation of inflammatory mediators, inclusive of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1 beta. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Wog abolished proinflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 stimulation, phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In all, Wog demonstrated antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in Cd- intoxicated rats by obstructing OS and activation of NF-κB via restricting the stimulation of upstream kinases inclusive of MAPKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Jiao
- 1 Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Q Jiang
- 2 Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y Liu
- 2 Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - L Ji
- 3 Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmed HI, Mohamed EA. Candesartan and epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorate gentamicin-induced renal damage in rats through p38-MAPK and NF-κB pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22254. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hebatalla I. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Eman A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liles JT, Corkey BK, Notte GT, Budas GR, Lansdon EB, Hinojosa-Kirschenbaum F, Badal SS, Lee M, Schultz BE, Wise S, Pendem S, Graupe M, Castonguay L, Koch KA, Wong MH, Papalia GA, French DM, Sullivan T, Huntzicker EG, Ma FY, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Altuhaifi T, Yang H, Fogo AB, Breckenridge DG. ASK1 contributes to fibrosis and dysfunction in models of kidney disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4485-4500. [PMID: 30024858 DOI: 10.1172/jci99768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an underlying component of acute and chronic kidney disease. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a widely expressed redox-sensitive serine threonine kinase that activates p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases, and induces apoptotic, inflammatory, and fibrotic signaling in settings of oxidative stress. We describe the discovery and characterization of a potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor of ASK1, GS-444217, and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of ASK1 inhibition to reduce kidney injury and fibrosis. Activation of the ASK1 pathway in glomerular and tubular compartments was confirmed in renal biopsies from patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and was decreased by GS-444217 in several rodent models of kidney injury and fibrosis that collectively represented the hallmarks of DKD pathology. Treatment with GS-444217 reduced progressive inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney and halted glomerular filtration rate decline. Combination of GS-444217 with enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, led to a greater reduction in proteinuria and regression of glomerulosclerosis. These results identify ASK1 as an important target for renal disease and support the clinical development of an ASK1 inhibitor for the treatment of DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Lee
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA
| | | | - Sarah Wise
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Keith A Koch
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank Y Ma
- Department of Nephrology and Monash University Centres for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology and Monash University Centres for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tareq Altuhaifi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nutter FH, Haylor JL, Khwaja A. Inhibiting ERK Activation with CI-1040 Leads to Compensatory Upregulation of Alternate MAPKs and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 following Subtotal Nephrectomy with No Impact on Kidney Fibrosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137321. [PMID: 26415098 PMCID: PMC4586140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) activation by MEK plays a key role in many of the cellular processes that underlie progressive kidney fibrosis including cell proliferation, apoptosis and transforming growth factor β1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. We therefore assessed the therapeutic impact of ERK1/2 inhibition using a MEK inhibitor in the rat 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (SNx) model of kidney fibrosis. There was a twentyfold upregulation in phospho-ERK1/2 expression in the kidney after SNx in Male Wistar rats. Rats undergoing SNx became hypertensive, proteinuric and developed progressive kidney failure with reduced creatinine clearance. Treatment with the MEK inhibitor, CI-1040 abolished phospho- ERK1/2 expression in kidney tissue and prevented phospho-ERK1/2 expression in peripheral lymphocytes during the entire course of therapy. CI-1040 had no impact on creatinine clearance, proteinuria, glomerular and tubular fibrosis, and α-smooth muscle actin expression. However, inhibition of ERK1/2 activation led to significant compensatory upregulation of the MAP kinases, p38 and JNK in kidney tissue. CI-1040 also increased the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a key inhibitor of plasmin-dependent matrix metalloproteinases. Thus inhibition of ERK1/2 activation has no therapeutic effect on kidney fibrosis in SNx possibly due to increased compensatory activation of the p38 and JNK signalling pathways with subsequent upregulation of PAI-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faith Hannah Nutter
- Academic Unit of Nephrology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
- * E-mail:
| | - John L. Haylor
- Academic Unit of Nephrology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
| | - Arif Khwaja
- Sheffield Kidney Institute, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, England
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Liu N, Bian X, Sun G, Du F, Wang B, Su X, Li D. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reduces tubular cell apoptosis in mice with ureteral obstruction. J Surg Res 2015; 197:145-54. [PMID: 25913488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubular cell apoptosis plays a crucial role in different kinds of renal diseases. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol extracted from green tea, has been shown to inhibit renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice, but its role in preventing tubular cell apoptosis and the underlying signaling mechanisms still remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice subjected to UUO were intraperitoneally administered EGCG (5 mg/kg) for 14 d. Normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line NRK-52E was induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Periodic acid-schiff and Masson's trichrome staining was used for histologic study. TUNEL, Hoechst staining, and flow cytometry analysis were used to measure the apoptotic status of tubular cells. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of apoptotic-associated proteins and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway proteins. RESULTS EGCG significantly attenuated tubular injury and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the obstructed kidneys of UUO mice. In addition, EGCG prevented UUO and TGF-β1-induced tubular apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In parallel, protein expression of B-clell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was upregulated and protein expressions of Bcl-2 accosiated X protein (Bax), cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) were downregulated by EGCG. Furthermore, UUO and TGF-β1-stimulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase was inhibited by EGCG. CONCLUSIONS EGCG effectively reduces tubular cell apoptosis induced by UUO and may have potential as a clinical treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Bian
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangping Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Detian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin HYH, Chang KT, Hung CC, Kuo CH, Hwang SJ, Chen HC, Hung CH, Lin SF. Effects of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin on monocyte-secreted chemokines. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:37. [PMID: 25257976 PMCID: PMC4189728 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-014-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, such as sirolimus and its derivative, everolimus, are potent immunosuppressive and antiproliferative drugs. Inflammatory diseases are characterized by immunological dysfunction, and monocyte recruitment underlies the mechanism of cell damage. Chemokines attract inflammatory cells to sites of inflammation. Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8); the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2); the regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed, presumably secreted protein (RANTES/CCL5); the macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α (CCL3); and MIP-1β (CCL4) are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation. However, whether mTOR inhibitors moderate the production of chemokines in monocytes remains unclear. Methods A human monocyte cell line, THP-1, and primary monocytes obtained from human volunteers, were stimulated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then treated with sirolimus. The expression of the MCP-1, RANTES, IL-8, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and TNF-α proteins was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and intracellular signalling was examined using western blotting. Results Sirolimus significantly suppressed the LPS-induced expression of MCP-1, IL-8, RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β in the THP-1 cells and human primary monocytes. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors that were examined suppressed the LPS-induced expression of MCP-1, IL-8, RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β. In addition, sirolimus suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 and p65 in the THP-1 and human primary monocytes. Conclusion Sirolimus downregulates the expression of chemokines in monocytes, including MCP-1, RANTES, IL-8, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β, by inhibiting the NF-κB-p65 and MAPK-p38 signalling pathways.
Collapse
|
8
|
Guan T, Gao B, Chen G, Chen X, Janssen M, Uttarwar L, Ingram AJ, Krepinsky JC. Colchicine attenuates renal injury in a model of hypertensive chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1466-76. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00057.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, particularly when associated with impaired renal autoregulation and thereby increased intraglomerular pressure (Pgc). Elevated Pgc can be modeled in vitro by exposing glomerular mesangial cells to mechanical strain. We previously showed that RhoA mediates strain-induced matrix production. Here, we show that RhoA activation is dependent on an intact microtubule network. Upregulation of the profibrotic cytokine connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) by mechanical strain is dependent on RhoA activation and inhibited by microtubule disruption. We tested the effects of the microtubule depolymerizing agent colchicine in 5/6 nephrectomized rats, a model of chronic kidney disease driven by elevated Pgc. Colchicine inhibited glomerular RhoA activation and attenuated both glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis without affecting systemic blood pressure. Upregulation of the matrix proteins collagen I and fibronectin, as well as CTGF, was attenuated by colchicine. Activity of the profibrotic cytokine TGF-β, as assessed by Smad3 phosphorylation, was also inhibited by colchicine. Microtubule disruption significantly decreased renal infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. Our studies thus indicate that colchicine modifies hypertensive renal fibrosis. Its protective effects are likely mediated by inhibition of RhoA signaling and renal infiltration of inflammatory cells. Already well-established in clinical practice for other indications, prevention of hypertension-associated renal fibrosis may represent a new potential use for colchicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiu Guan
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Guang Chen
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Xing Chen
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Melissa Janssen
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lalita Uttarwar
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Phosphorylation of DGCR8 increases its intracellular stability and induces a progrowth miRNA profile. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1070-81. [PMID: 24239349 PMCID: PMC3892995 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During miRNA biogenesis, the microprocessor complex (MC), which is composed minimally of Drosha, an RNase III enzyme, and DGCR8, a double-stranded RNA-binding protein, cleaves the primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) in order to release the pre-miRNA stem-loop structure. Using phosphoproteomics, we mapped 23 phosphorylation sites on full-length human DGCR8 expressed in insect or mammalian cells. DGCR8 can be phosphorylated by mitogenic ERK/MAPK, indicating that DGCR8 phosphorylation may respond to and integrate extracellular cues. The expression of phosphomimetic DGCR8 or inhibition of phosphatases increased the cellular levels of DGCR8 and Drosha proteins. Increased levels of phosphomimetic DGCR8 were not due to higher mRNA levels, altered DGCR8 localization, or DGCR8’s ability to self-associate, but rather to an increase in protein stability. MCs incorporating phosphomutant or phosphomimetic DGCR8 were not altered in specific processing activity. However, HeLa cells expressing phosphomimetic DGCR8 exhibited a progrowth miRNA expression profile and increased proliferation and scratch closure rates relative to cells expressing phosphomutant DGCR8.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang D, Warner GM, Yin P, Knudsen BE, Cheng J, Butters KA, Lien KR, Gray CE, Garovic VD, Lerman LO, Textor SC, Nath KA, Simari RD, Grande JP. Inhibition of p38 MAPK attenuates renal atrophy and fibrosis in a murine renal artery stenosis model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F938-47. [PMID: 23364805 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00706.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is an important cause of chronic renal dysfunction. Recent studies have underscored a critical role for CCL2 (MCP-1)-mediated inflammation in the progression of chronic renal damage in RAS and other chronic renal diseases. In vitro studies have implicated p38 MAPK as a critical intermediate for the production of CCL2. However, a potential role of p38 signaling in the development and progression of chronic renal disease in RAS has not been previously defined. We sought to test the hypothesis that inhibition of p38 MAPK ameliorates chronic renal injury in mice with RAS. We established a murine RAS model by placing a cuff on the right renal artery and treated mice with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 or vehicle for 2 wk. In mice treated with vehicle, the cuffed kidney developed interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial inflammation. In mice treated with SB203580, the RAS-induced renal atrophy was reduced (70% vs. 39%, P < 0.05). SB203580 also reduced interstitial inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition but had no effect on the development of hypertension. SB203580 partially blocked the induction of CCL2, CCL7 (MCP-3), CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), and collagen 4 mRNA expression in the cuffed kidneys. In vitro, blockade of p38 hindered both TNF-α and TGF-β-induced CCL2 upregulation. Based on these observations, we conclude that p38 MAPK plays a critical role in the induction of CCL2/CCL7/CCR2 system and the development of interstitial inflammation in RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhi-Chun L, Qiao-Ling Z, Zhi-Qin L, Xiao-Zhao L, Xiao-xia Z, Rong T. Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) mediates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and signal transduction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with lupus nephritis. Inflammation 2012; 35:935-43. [PMID: 22009442 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Forty-two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including 26 patients with renal damage and 16 without, and 20 healthy controls were included in the study. The isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or anti-tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) mAb, with or without phytohemagglutinin/phorbol myristate acetate (PHA/PMA) stimulation. Western blot experiments were used to evaluate the protein expression of TWEAK and p38 MAPK in PBMCs .Next, the contents of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. The results showed that expression of TWEAK protein in PBMCs from lupus nephritis patients was significantly higher than that from SLE patients without renal damage and healthy controls. PHA/PMA simulation could upregulate the productions of TWEAK and p-p38MAPK in PBMCs from patients with SLE. Anti-TWEAK mAb treatment downregulated both TWEAK and p-p38 MAPK expression in PBMCs, as well as IL-10 and MCP-1 in the supernatant; SB203580 had the same effect on cytokine production in PBMC, but had no effect on the expression of TWEAK. Our results suggested that TWEAK-p38 MAPK-IL-10, MCP-1 signaling pathway in PBMC played an important pathogenic role in lupus nephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhi-Chun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ozbek E, Cekmen M, Ilbey YO, Simsek A, Polat EC, Somay A. Atorvastatin prevents gentamicin-induced renal damage in rats through the inhibition of p38-MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways. Ren Fail 2010; 31:382-92. [PMID: 19839839 DOI: 10.1080/08860220902835863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gentamicin (GM) is still considered to be an important antibiotic against life-threatening, gram-negative bacterial infections despite its known nephrotoxic effects. We aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of atorvastatin (ATO) against GM-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each: control, GM (100 mg/kg/day), ATO (10 mg/kg/day), GM + ATO, and GM + Vehicle. Kidney function tests, tissue oxidative stress parameters, and histopathological and immunohistochemical studies clarified GM nephrotoxicity. RESULTS GM caused a marked reduction in renal functions and increased oxidative stress parameters. Histopathological examination revealed tubular necrosis especially in the renal cortex in GM rats. On immunohistochemical evaluation, GM rat showed more intense expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) compared with control. Kidney function tests and tissue oxidative stress parameters were normalized in the GM + ATO group. Histopathological and immunohistochemical pictures were also greatly ameliorated. CONCLUSIONS ATO acts in the kidney as a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent the toxic effects of GM via the inhibition of MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways and iNOS expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emin Ozbek
- Bezm-i Alem Valide Sultan Vakif Gureba Research and Education Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma F, Liu J, Nikolic-Paterson D. The role of stress-activated protein kinase signaling in renal pathophysiology. Braz J Med Biol Res 2008; 42:29-37. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2008005000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F.Y. Ma
- Monash Medical Center, Australia
| | - J. Liu
- Monash Medical Center, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hayashi K. [Kidney disease: potential of anti-inflammatory approaches for drug therapy]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2008; 132:89-95. [PMID: 18689957 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.132.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
|
15
|
Huang Z, Wen Q, Zhou SF, Yu XQ. Differential chemokine expression in tubular cells in response to urinary proteins from patients with nephrotic syndrome. Cytokine 2008; 42:222-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Fukuda K, Tesch GH, Yap FY, Forbes JM, Flavell RA, Davis RJ, Nikolic-Paterson DJ. MKK3 signalling plays an essential role in leukocyte-mediated pancreatic injury in the multiple low-dose streptozotocin model. J Transl Med 2008; 88:398-407. [PMID: 18283273 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies have implicated activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in cytokine-mediated pancreatic beta-cell injury. Activation of the p38 MAPK occurs through two different upstream kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) and MKK6. This study examined the role of MKK3 signalling in an in vivo model of cytokine-dependent pancreatic injury induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ). Groups of wild-type (WT) or Mkk3-/- C57BL/6J mice received 5 daily injections of STZ (40 mg/kg) and were killed on day 5, week 2 or week 4. MLD-STZ in WT mice exhibited two distinct phases of pancreatic damage: islet cell apoptosis (immunostaining for cleaved caspase-3) on day 5 in the absence of leukocyte infiltration, and this was followed by islet inflammation (leukocyte infiltration and cytokine production) and further islet cell apoptosis on day 14 resulting in a loss of insulin-producing beta-cells and an 80% incidence of hyperglycaemia. Mkk3-/- mice were not protected from the initial phase of STZ-induced islet cell apoptosis day 5. However, Mkk3-/- mice were completely protected from the induction of hyperglycaemia. This was attributed to inhibition of leukocyte infiltration, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and islet cell apoptosis at day 14 of MLD-STZ. In vitro studies showed that cultured islets from Mkk3-/- and WT mice are equally susceptible to STZ and cytokine-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, MKK3 signalling plays an essential role in the development of islet inflammation leading to destruction of beta-cells and hyperglycaemia in MLD-STZ-induced pancreatic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichi Fukuda
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma FY, Tesch GH, Flavell RA, Davis RJ, Nikolic-Paterson DJ. MKK3-p38 signaling promotes apoptosis and the early inflammatory response in the obstructed mouse kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293:F1556-63. [PMID: 17686961 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00010.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway induces inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. However, little is known of the contribution of the upstream kinases, MMK3 and MKK6, to activation of the p38 kinase in the kidney and consequent renal injury. This study investigated the contribution of MKK3 to p38 MAPK activation and renal injury in the obstructed kidney. Groups of eight wild-type (WT) or Mkk3−/− mice underwent unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) and were killed 3 or 7 days later. Western blotting showed a marked increase in phospho-p38 (p-p38) MAPK in UUO WT kidney. The same trend of increased p-p38 MAPK was seen in the UUO Mkk3−/− kidney, although the actual level of p-p38 MAPK was significantly reduced compared with WT, and this could not be entirely compensated for by the increase in MKK6 expression in the Mkk3−/− kidney. Apoptosis of tubular and interstitial cells in WT UUO mice was reduced by 50% in Mkk3−/− UUO mice. Furthermore, cultured Mkk3−/− tubular epithelial cells showed resistance to H2O2-induced apoptosis, suggesting a direct role for MKK3-p38 signaling in tubular apoptosis. Upregulation of MCP-1 mRNA levels and macrophage infiltration seen on day 3 in WT UUO mice was significantly reduced in Mkk3−/− mice, but this difference was not evident by day 7. The development of renal fibrosis in Mkk3−/− UUO mice was not different from that seen in WT UUO mice. In conclusion, these studies identify discrete roles for MKK3-p38 signaling in renal cell apoptosis and the early inflammatory response in the obstructed kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Y Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd., Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
de Borst MH, Diks SH, Bolbrinker J, Schellings MW, van Dalen MBA, Peppelenbosch MP, Kreutz R, Pinto YM, Navis G, van Goor H. Profiling of the renal kinome: a novel tool to identify protein kinases involved in angiotensin II-dependent hypertensive renal damage. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293:F428-37. [PMID: 17429032 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00367.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of protein kinase activities is crucial in both physiology and disease, but analysis is hampered by the multitude and complexity of kinase networks. We used novel peptide array chips containing 1,152 known kinase substrate sequences to profile different kinase activities in renal lysates from homozygous Ren2 rats, a model characterized by hypertension and angiotensin II (ANG II)-mediated renal fibrosis, compared with Sprague-Dawley (SD) control rats and Ren2 rats treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi). Five-wk-old homozygous Ren2 rats were left untreated or treated with the ACEi ramipril (1 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)) for 4 wk; age-matched SD rats served as controls (n = 5 each). Peptide array chips were incubated with renal cortical lysates in the presence of radioactively labeled ATP. Radioactivity incorporated into the substrate motifs was measured to quantify kinase activity. A number of kinases with modulated activities, which might contribute to renal damage, were validated by Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry. Relevant kinases identified by the peptide array and confirmed using conventional techniques included p38 MAP kinase and PDGF receptor-beta, which were increased in Ren2 and reversed by ACEi. Furthermore, insulin receptor signaling was reduced in Ren2 compared with control rats, and G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) activity decreased in Ren2 + ACEi compared with untreated Ren2 rats. Array-based profiling of tissue kinase activities in ANG II-mediated renal damage provides a powerful tool for identification of relevant kinase pathways in vivo and may lead to novel strategies for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin H de Borst
- Dept. of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sheryanna A, Bhangal G, McDaid J, Smith J, Manning A, Foxwell BMJ, Feldmann M, Cook HT, Pusey CD, Tam FWK. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is effective in the treatment of experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis and suppresses monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 but not IL-1beta or IL-6. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:1167-79. [PMID: 17314328 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is known to be important in cytokine production and cell survival in inflammation. This study examined the effect of inhibiting p38 MAPK after onset of renal injury in an experimental model of crescentic glomerulonephritis. Furthermore, this study investigated whether p38 MAPK inhibition would cause widespread suppression of the cytokine network in vivo or uncontrolled apoptosis. In the in vivo studies, daily treatment with a p38 MAPKalpha/beta inhibitor was started 1 h (early treatment study) or 4 d (late treatment study) after induction of nephrotoxic nephritis in Wistar Kyoto rats. The treated rats remained healthy with normal weight gain during the study. Both early and late treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor reduced renal monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels, the number of glomerular macrophages, the severity of tissue injury, and proteinuria compared with the vehicle group. Unexpected, treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor did not suppress renal levels of IL-1beta or IL-6. In the in vitro study, the p38 MAPKalpha/beta inhibitor reduced production of MCP-1 and IL-6 by TNF-alpha-or IL-1beta-stimulated mesangial cells without any effect on cell viability or apoptosis. In conclusion, p38 MAPK inhibition is effective in reducing the severity of crescentic glomerulonephritis even when treatment is started after onset of disease. The therapeutic effect is associated with selective suppression of MCP-1, without widespread suppression of cytokine production or increased apoptosis. Therefore, p38 MAPK therapeutic blockade is a promising strategy in the treatment of antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmunem Sheryanna
- Renal Section, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Song CY, Kim BC, Hong HK, Lee HS. TGF-beta type II receptor deficiency prevents renal injury via decrease in ERK activity in crescentic glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2007; 71:882-8. [PMID: 17299519 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor complex in the pathogenesis of crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) is not clear. To test the hypothesis that TGF-beta signaling plays a crucial role in the development and progression of crescentic GN by inducing the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and expression of its target genes, anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) GN was induced in TGF-beta type II receptor (TGF-betaIIR) gene heterozygous (TGF-betaIIR(+/-)) C57BL/6J mice and wild-type animals. GN was initiated in preimmunized mice by administration of rabbit anti-mouse GBM serum. TGF-betaIIR deficiency was significantly associated with decreased renal damage at days 14, 21, and 28 after induction of GN: renal function impairment, proteinuria, proportion of crescents, glomerular accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff-positive material, relative cortical interstitial volume, as well as renal cortical phosphorylation of ERK and plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-1) and alpha2(I) collagen mRNA levels were significantly decreased in TGF-betaIIR(+/-) mice compared with wild-type animals. These results provide the first direct evidence that TGF-betaIIR deficiency protects against renal injury in crescentic GN, possibly by inhibiting the sustained activation of ERK and PAI-1 and alpha2(I) collagen gene expression. Thus, TGF-beta signaling appears to play an important role in the development and progression of crescentic GN by inducing the ERK activity, and PAI-1 and alpha2(I) mRNA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Song
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Otani H, Otsuka F, Inagaki K, Takeda M, Miyoshi T, Suzuki J, Mukai T, Ogura T, Makino H. Antagonistic effects of bone morphogenetic protein-4 and -7 on renal mesangial cell proliferation induced by aldosterone through MAPK activation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 292:F1513-25. [PMID: 17244894 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00402.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone and angiotensin II (ANG II) contribute to the development and progression of renal damage. Here we investigated the effects of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) on renal cell proliferation evoked by aldosterone and ANG II with mouse mesangial cells, which express mineralocorticoid receptors (MR), ANG II type 1 receptors, and BMP signaling molecules. Aldosterone and ANG II stimulated mesangial cell mitosis and activated ERK1/2 and SAPK/JNK signaling. These aldosterone effects were neutralized by the MR antagonist eplerenone and inhibition of transcription or translation, suggesting the involvement of genomic activation via MR. BMP-4 and BMP-7 stimulated Smad1, -5, -8 signaling more potently than BMP-2 and BMP-6, leading to suppression of mesangial cell mitosis and MR expression. MAPK inhibitors including U-0126 and SP-600125, but not SB-203580, suppressed aldosterone-induced cellular DNA synthesis, implying that ERK1/2 and SAPK/JNK pathways play crucial roles in mesangial cell proliferation. BMP-4 and BMP-7 inhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and SAPK/JNK induced by aldosterone while activating p38 pathway, resulting in inhibition of aldosterone-induced cell mitosis. In contrast, aldosterone modulated the mesangial BMP system by decreasing expression of ALK-3, BMP-4, and BMP-7 while increasing inhibitory Smad6 expression. Thus novel functional cross talk between the mesangial BMP system and aldosterone signaling was uncovered, in which inhibition of MAPK signaling and MR expression by BMP-4 and BMP-7 may be involved in ameliorating renal damage due to mesangial proliferation caused by aldosterone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Otani
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama City, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moerth C, Schneider MR, Renner-Mueller I, Blutke A, Elmlinger MW, Erben RG, Camacho-Hübner C, Hoeflich A, Wolf E. Postnatally elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II fail to rescue the dwarfism of IGF-I-deficient mice except kidney weight. Endocrinology 2007; 148:441-51. [PMID: 17008389 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study tested whether elevated levels of IGF-II in the postnatal period can rescue the dwarfism in IGF-I-deficient mice. Heterozygous Igf1 mutant mice [I(+/-) II(wt)] were crossed with heterozygous Igf1 mutant, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter IGF-II transgenic mice [I(+/-) II(tg)], and [I(+/+) II(wt)], [I(+/+) II(tg)], [I(-/-) II(wt)], and [I(-/-) II(tg)] offspring were investigated. IGF-II levels were 11- and 6-fold higher in male and female [I(-/-) II(tg)] vs. [I(-/-) II(wt)] animals. Western ligand blot analysis revealed markedly reduced activities of 30- and 32-kDa IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) (most likely IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2) and the 39- to 43-kDa IGFBP-3 double band in serum from IGF-I-deficient mice. These binding proteins were partially restored by overexpression of IGF-II. Analysis of weight data from the early postnatal period until d 60 showed that, in the absence of IGF-I, elevated levels of IGF-II have no effect on body weight gain. A detailed analysis of body proportions, bone parameters, and organ weights of 60-d-old mice also failed to show effects of IGF-II with one important exception: in Igf1 mutant and also Igf1 intact male mice, IGF-II overexpression significantly increased absolute (+32.4 and +28.6%; P < 0.01) and relative kidney weights (+29.0 and +22.4%; P < 0.001). These changes in kidney weight were associated with reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. In summary, our genetic model shows that substantial amounts of IGF-II in the circulation do not rescue the postnatal growth deficit of IGF-I-deficient mice but increase absolute and relative kidney weights of normal and IGF-I-deficient male mice, suggesting a gender-specific role of IGF-II for kidney growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Moerth
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li J, Campanale NV, Liang RJ, Deane JA, Bertram JF, Ricardo SD. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and transforming growth factor-beta1/Smad signaling pathways modulates the development of fibrosis in adriamycin-induced nephropathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 169:1527-40. [PMID: 17071578 PMCID: PMC1780196 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and fibrogenesis are the two determinants of the progression of renal fibrosis, the common pathway leading to end-stage renal disease. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1/Smad signaling pathways play critical roles in inflammation and fibrogenesis, respectively. The present study examined the beneficial renoprotective effect of combination therapy using the p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor (SB203580) and a TGF-beta receptor I (ALK5) inhibitor (ALK5I) in a mouse model of adriamycin (ADR) nephrosis. The p38 MAPK and TGF-beta1/Smad2 signaling pathways were activated in ADR-induced nephropathy in a sequential time course manner. Two weeks after ADR injection, the combined administration of SB203580 (1 mg/kg/24 hours) and ALK5I (1 mg/kg/24 hours) markedly reduced p38 MAPK and Smad2 activities. Moreover, the co-administration of SB203580 and ALK5I to ADR-injected mice resulted in a down-regulation of total and active TGF-beta1 production, reduced myofibroblast accumulation, and decreased expression of collagen type IV and fibronectin. In these mice, retardation in the development of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis was observed. In conclusion, although p38 MAPK and TGF-beta1/Smad signaling pathways are distinct they coordinate the progression of renal fibrosis in ADR nephrosis. The co-administration of a p38 MAPK inhibitor and an ALK5 inhibitor may have potential applications in the treatment of renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hong HK, Song CY, Kim BC, Lee HS. ERK contributes to the effects of Smad signaling on oxidized LDL-induced PAI-1 expression in human mesangial cells. Transl Res 2006; 148:171-9. [PMID: 17002919 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 07/01/2006] [Accepted: 07/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) stimulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in human mesangial cells mediated by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/Smad signaling pathway. TGF-beta activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in mesangial cells, and ERK is involved in activation of Smad2/3. This study examines whether an interaction exists between Ox-LDL-induced TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathways and ERK activation leading to PAI-1 transcription in human mesangial cells. Ox-LDL (50 microg/mL) induced an acute increase in ERK activity within 15 min, which decreased to control value at 2 h. Incubation with anti-TGF-beta or SB-431542, an inhibitor of the TGF-beta type I receptor, along with Ox-LDL, inhibited the expected increase in ERK phosphorylation. Treatment with PD98059 or UO126, mitogen-activated ERK-activating kinase 1/2 inhibitors, significantly inhibited the Ox-LDL-induced increase in PAI-1 mRNA and nuclear Smad3 expression, DNA/protein complex formation, and PAI-1 promoter activity. These results suggest that phosphorylation of ERK is induced by Ox-LDL through the induction of the TGF-beta signaling pathway and that activated ERK, in turn, participates in the Ox-LDL-induced Smad3 activation and subsequent PAI-1 gene expression in mesangial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyoung Hong
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Volpini RA, Balbi APC, Costa RS, Coimbra TM. Increased expression of p38 mitogen- activated protein kinase is related to the acute renal lesions induced by gentamicin. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:817-23. [PMID: 16751989 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000600016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure. This study investigated the expression of p-p38 MAPK and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) in the renal cortex of rats treated with gentamicin. Twenty rats were injected with gentamicin, 40 mg/kg, i.m., twice a day for 9 days, 20 with gentamicin + pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an NF-kappaB inhibitor), 14 with 0.15 M NaCl, i.m., twice a day for 9 days, and 14 with 0.15 M NaCl , i.m., twice a day for 9 days and PDTC, 50 mg kg(-1) day(-1), i.p., twice a day for 15 days. The animals were killed 5 and 30 days after the last of the injections and the kidneys were removed for histological, immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis and for nitrate determination. The results of the immunohistochemical study were evaluated by counting the p-p38 MAPK-positive cells per area of renal cortex measuring 0.05 mm2. Creatinine was measured by the Jaffé method in blood samples collected 5 and 30 days after the end of the treatments. Gentamicin-treated rats presented a transitory increase in plasma creatinine levels. In addition, animals killed 5 days after the end of gentamicin treatment presented acute tubular necrosis and increased nitrate levels in the renal cortex. Increased expression of p-p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB was also observed in the kidneys from these animals. The animals killed 30 days after gentamicin treatment showed residual areas of interstitial fibrosis in the renal cortex, although the expression of p-p38 MAPK in their kidneys did not differ from control. Treatment with PDTC reduced the functional and structural changes induced by gentamicin as well as the expression of p-p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB. The increased expression of p-p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB observed in these rats suggests that these signaling molecules may be involved in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial nephritis induced by gentamicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Volpini
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lewthwaite JC, Bastow ER, Lamb KJ, Blenis J, Wheeler-Jones CPD, Pitsillides AA. A specific mechanomodulatory role for p38 MAPK in embryonic joint articular surface cell MEK-ERK pathway regulation. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:11011-8. [PMID: 16464862 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m510680200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms regulating cell behavior and extracellular matrix composition in response to mechanical stimuli remain unresolved. Our previous studies have established that the MEK-ERK cascade plays a specific role in the mechano-dependent joint formation process by promoting the assembly of pericellular matrices reliant upon hyaluronan (HA) for their integrity. Here we demonstrate: (i) novel cross-talk between p38 MAPK and MEK-ERK signaling pathways that is specific for mechanical stimuli and (ii) a role for p38 MAPK in facilitating HA production by cells derived from the articular surface of embryonic chick tibiotarsal joints. We find that p38 MAPK blockade restricts pericellular assembly of HA-rich matrices and reduces basal as well as mechanical strain-induced release of HA. p38 MAPK blockers potentiated early strain-induced increases but restricted sustained increases in MEK/ERK phosphorylation at later times; c-Fos hyperphosphorylation at threonine 325 was found to parallel this p38 MAPK-mediated modulation of ERK activation. In contrast, p38 MAPK inhibitors had no detectable effect on the ERK activation induced by fibroblast growth factor 2 or pervanadate, a phosphatase inhibitor, and MEK inhibitors did not influence p38 MAPK phosphorylation, confirming both the specificity and unidirectionality of p38 MAPK-ERK cross-talk. Immunochemical and immunoblotting studies revealed constitutive p38 MAPK activation in cells at, or derived from, developing articular joint surfaces. Unlike the MEK-ERK pathway, however, p38 MAPK was not further stimulated by mechanical stimulation in vitro. Thus, p38 MAPK specifically facilitates ERK activation and downstream signaling in response to mechanical stimuli. These results suggest that constitutively active p38 MAPK serves an essential, permissive role in mechanically induced changes in ERK activation and in the accumulation of HA-rich extracellular matrices that serve a key role in joint development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo C Lewthwaite
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mitogen activated protein kinase signaling in the kidney: target for intervention? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sita.200500063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
28
|
Nakagawa T, Lan HY, Glushakova O, Zhu HJ, Kang DH, Schreiner GF, Böttinger EP, Johnson RJ, Sautin YY. Role of ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases in the regulation of thrombospondin-1 by TGF-beta1 in rat proximal tubular cells and mouse fibroblasts. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16:899-904. [PMID: 15716330 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2004080689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) inhibits angiogenesis and activates latent TGF-beta1, both of which are strongly associated with progression of renal disease. Recently, it was reported that Smad2 but not Smad3 regulates TSP-1 expression in response to TGF-beta1 in rat tubular epithelial cells as well as in mouse fibroblasts. This study investigated the role of ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). TGF-beta1 activated both ERK1/2 and p38 in the rat proximal tubular cell line NRK52E. Blocking ERK1/2 and p38 inhibited TGF-beta1-induced TSP-1 mRNA and protein expression. Next, the cross-talk between Smad2 and ERK1/2 or p38 was examined. Whereas blocking of ERK1/2 or p38 failed to inhibit TGF-beta1-induced Smad2 activation, inhibition of Smad2 by Smad7 overexpression inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not p38 in response to TGF-beta1. Similar results were observed using mouse fibroblasts from Smad2 knockout embryos, in that TGF-beta1 was able to activate p38 but not ERK1/2 in this cell line. In conclusion, TSP-1 expression is regulated by both ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in rat proximal tubular cells and mouse fibroblasts in response to TGF-beta1. The ERK1/2 activation is dependent on Smad2 activation, whereas the p38 activation occurs independent of Smad2. Because TSP-1 is a major antiangiogenic molecule and an activator of TGF-beta1, this provides an important insight to the mechanism by which TGF-beta1 may mediate interstitial fibrosis and progressive renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Nakagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100224, Gainesville, FL 32610-0224, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tojo A, Onozato ML, Kobayashi N, Goto A, Matsuoka H, Fujita T. Antioxidative effect of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor in the kidney of hypertensive rat. J Hypertens 2005; 23:165-74. [PMID: 15643139 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200501000-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) oxidase is regulated by angiotensin II, interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). We hypothesized that p38 MAPK inhibitor, FR167653, may suppress NAD(P)H oxidase and its oxygen radical production and ameliorate renal damage in Dahl salt-sensitive rats with heart failure (DSHF). METHODS DSHF rats were fed with 8% NaCl diet from 6 to 18 weeks old. Eleven-week-old DSHF rats received either vehicle or FR167653 (2 mg/kg per day) for 7 weeks and the renal NAD(P)H oxidase p47phox and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide production and renal damage were evaluated in comparison with the control Dahl salt-resistant rat fed with 8% NaCl diet. RESULTS In the kidney of DSHF rat, phosphorylated p38 MAPK was enhanced with an increased IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production compared with control rats. Treatment with FR167653 significantly suppressed p38 MAPK, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Renal NAD(P)H oxidase p47phox expression and superoxide production were significantly increased in the DSHF rats and treatment with FR167653 suppressed NAD(P)H oxidase expression and reduced superoxide formation. Renal endothelial and inducible NOS were reduced in DSHF rats compared with control rats, but FR167653 increased NOS and NO production in the kidney. Proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis and interstitial macrophage migration via intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were enhanced in DSHF rat and they were ameliorated by FR167653. CONCLUSION The inhibition of p38 MAPK by FR167653 reduced renal IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production and ameliorated renal damage in hypertensive rat via suppression of NAD(P)H oxidase and enhanced NO bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tojo
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Munshi HG, Wu YI, Mukhopadhyay S, Ottaviano AJ, Sassano A, Koblinski JE, Platanias LC, Stack MS. Differential regulation of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase activity by ERK 1/2- and p38 MAPK-modulated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 expression controls transforming growth factor-beta1-induced pericellular collagenolysis. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:39042-50. [PMID: 15247230 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m404958200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity is temporally associated with increased migration and invasiveness of cancer cells. ProMMP-2 activation requires multimolecular complex assembly involving proMMP-2, membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP, MMP-14), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2). Because transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) promotes tumor invasion in advanced squamous cell carcinomas, the role of TGF-beta1 in the regulation of MMP activity in a cellular model of invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma was examined. Treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells with TGF-beta1 promoted MMP-dependent cell scattering and collagen invasion, increased expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP, and enhanced MMP-2 activation. TGF-beta1 induced concomitant activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, and kinase inhibition studies revealed a negative regulatory role for ERK1/2 in modulating acquisition of MMP-2 activity. Thus, a reciprocal effect on proMMP-2 activation was observed whereupon blocking ERK1/2 phosphorylation promoted proMMP-2 activation and MT1-MMP activity, whereas inhibiting p38 MAPK activity decreased proteolytic potential. The cellular mechanism for the control of MT1-MMP catalytic activity involved concurrent reciprocal modulation of TIMP-2 expression by ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs, such that inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation decreased TIMP-2 production, and down-regulation of p38 MAPK activity enhanced TIMP-2 synthesis. Further, p38 MAPK inhibition promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation, providing additional evidence for cross-talk between MAPK pathways. These observations demonstrate the complex reciprocal effects of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in the regulation of MMP activity, which could complicate the use of MAPK-specific inhibitors as therapeutic agents to down-regulate the biologic effects of TGF-beta1 on pericellular collagen degradation and tumor invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidayatullah G Munshi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|