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Marathe K, Naik J, Maheshwari V. Synthesis, characterisation and in vitro anticancer activity of conjugated protease inhibitor-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-PI) against human breast MCF-7 and prostate PC-3 cancer cell lines. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:931-942. [PMID: 38709274 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The conjugated silver nanoparticles using biomolecules have attracted great attention of researchers because physical dimensions and surface chemistry play important roles in toxicity and biocompatibility of AgNPs. Hence, in the current study, synthesis of bio-conjugated AgNPs with protein protease inhibitor (PI) isolated from Streptomyces spp. is reported. UV-visible spectra of PI and AgNPs showed stronger peaks at 280 and 405 nm, confirming the synthesis of conjugated AgNPs-PI. TEM and SEM images of AgNPs-PI showed spherical-shaped nanoparticles with a slight increase in particle size and thin amorphous layer around the surface of silver nanomaterial. Circular dichroism, FT-IR and fluorescence spectral studies confirmed AgNPs-PI conjugation. Conjugated AgNPs-PI showed excellent anticancer potential than AgNPs and protease inhibitor separately on human breast MCF-7 and prostate PC-3 cell lines. The findings revealed that surface modification of AgNPs with protein protease inhibitor stabilised the nanomaterial and increased its anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Marathe
- University Institute of Chemical Technology, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, MS, India.
| | - Jitendra Naik
- University Institute of Chemical Technology, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, MS, India
| | - Vijay Maheshwari
- School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, MS, India
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2
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Pourhajibagher M, Alaeddini M, Etemad-Moghadam S, Parker S, Bahador A. Effects of Kojic Acid-mediated Sonodynamic Therapy as a Matrix Metalloprotease-9 Inhibitor against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Bioinformatics Screening and In Vitro Analysis. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e011223224137. [PMID: 38073102 DOI: 10.2174/0115701638266082231124055825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of cancer that is responsible for a significant amount of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Researchers are searching for promising therapeutic methods to manage this cancer. In this study, an in silico approach was used to evaluate the activity of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) based on the use of Kojic acid as a sonosensitizer to inhibit matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) in OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The three-dimensional structure of MMP-9 was predicted and validated by computational approaches. The possible functional role of MMP-9 was determined in terms of Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. In silico, molecular docking was then performed to evaluate the binding energies of Kojic acid with MMP-9, and ADME parameters and toxicity risks were predicted. The pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties of Kojic acid were assessed. Moreover, after the determination of the cytotoxicity effect of Kojic acid-mediated SDT, the change of mmp-9 gene expression was assessed on OSCC cells. RESULTS The results of the study showed that Kojic acid could efficiently interact with MMP-9 protein with a strong binding affinity. Kojic acid obeyed Lipinski's rule of five without violation and exhibited drug-likeness. The cytotoxic effects of Kojic acid and ultrasound waves on the OSCC cells were dose-dependent, and the lowest expression level of the mmp-9 gene was observed in SDT. CONCLUSIONS Overall, Kojic acid-mediated SDT as an MMP-9 inhibitor can be a promising adjuvant treatment for OSCC. The study highlights the potential of In silico approaches to evaluate therapeutic methods for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Alaeddini
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Steven Parker
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Bharadwaj AG, McLean ME, Dahn ML, Cahill HF, Wasson MD, Arun RP, Walker OL, Cruickshank BM, Fernando W, Venkatesh J, Barnes PJ, Bethune G, Knapp G, Helyer LK, Giacomantonio CA, Waisman DM, Marcato P. ALDH1A3 promotes invasion and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer by regulating the plasminogen activation pathway. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:91-112. [PMID: 37753740 PMCID: PMC10766202 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) is a cancer stem cell marker that promotes metastasis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression has been linked to ALDH1A3-induced gene expression changes. To investigate the mechanism of ALDH1A3-mediated breast cancer metastasis, we assessed the effect of ALDH1A3 on the expression of proteases and the regulators of proteases that degrade the extracellular matrix, a process that is essential for invasion and metastasis. This revealed that ALDH1A3 regulates the plasminogen activation pathway; it increased the levels and activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). This resulted in a corresponding increase in the activity of serine protease plasmin, the enzymatic product of tPA and uPA. The ALDH1A3 product all-trans-retinoic acid similarly increased tPA and plasmin activity. The increased invasion of TNBC cells by ALDH1A3 was plasminogen-dependent. In patient tumours, ALDH1A3 and tPA are co-expressed and their combined expression correlated with the TNBC subtype, high tumour grade and recurrent metastatic disease. Knockdown of tPA in TNBC cells inhibited plasmin generation and lymph node metastasis. These results identify the ALDH1A3-tPA-plasmin axis as a key contributor to breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregory Knapp
- Department of SurgeryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | | | - Carman A. Giacomantonio
- Department of PathologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Department of SurgeryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - David M. Waisman
- Department of PathologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of PathologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxCanada
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4
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Almutairi S, Kalloush HM, Manoon NA, Bardaweel SK. Matrix Metalloproteinases Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment: An Updated Review (2013-2023). Molecules 2023; 28:5567. [PMID: 37513440 PMCID: PMC10384300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are identifiable members of proteolytic enzymes that can degrade a wide range of proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs can be categorized into six groups based on their substrate specificity and structural differences: collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, metalloelastase, and membrane-type MMPs. MMPs have been linked to a wide variety of biological processes, such as cell transformation and carcinogenesis. Over time, MMPs have been evaluated for their role in cancer progression, migration, and metastasis. Accordingly, various MMPs have become attractive therapeutic targets for anticancer drug development. The first generations of broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors displayed effective inhibitory activities but failed in clinical trials due to poor selectivity. Thanks to the evolution of X-ray crystallography, NMR analysis, and homology modeling studies, it has been possible to characterize the active sites of various MMPs and, consequently, to develop more selective, second-generation MMP inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the computational and synthesis approaches used in the development of MMP inhibitors and their evaluation as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriefa Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hanin Moh'd Kalloush
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Nour A Manoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Imad R, Sheikh Z, Rao Pichika M, Kit-Kay M, Siddiqui RA, Nawaid Shah SN, Banavar S, Matinlinna J, Lin SL, Daood U. Cathepsin-K inhibition enhances anti-cancerous activity within oral squamous cell carcinoma cells: Uncloaking the potency of new K21 formulation. Exp Cell Res 2023:113687. [PMID: 37356748 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of cancer cells to be invasive and metastasize depend on several factors, of which the action of protease activity takes center stage in disease progression. PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE To analyze function of new K21 molecule in the invasive process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. MATERIALS & METHODS The Fusobacterium (ATCC 23726) streaks were made, and pellets were resuspended in Cal27 (ATCC CRL-2095) OSCC cell line spheroid cell microplate. Cells were seeded and Lysotracker staining performed for CathepsinK red channel. Cell and morphology were evaluated using Transmission Electron microscopy. Thiobarbituric acid assay was performed. OSCC was analyzed for Mic60. Raman spectra were collected from the cancer cell line. L929 dermal fibroblast cells were used for Scratch Assay. ELISA muti arrays were used for cytokines and matrix molecules. Internalization ability of fibroblast cells were also analyzed. Structure of K21 as a surfactant molecule with best docked poses were presented. RESULTS Decrease in lysosomal staining was observed after 15 and 30 min of 0.1% treatment. Tumor clusters were associated with cell membrane destruction in K21 primed cells. There was functional silencing of Mic60 via K21, especially with 1% concentration with reduced cell migration and invasiveness. Raman intensity differences were seen at 700 cm-1, 1200 cm-1 and 1600 cm-1 regions. EVs were detected within presence of fibroblast cells amongst K21 groups. Wound area and wound closure showed the progress of wound healing. CONCLUSION Over expression of CatK can be reduced by a newly developed targeted K21 based drug delivery system leading to reduced migration and adhesion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. The K21 drug formulation can have great potential for cancer therapies due to targeting and cytotoxicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Imad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ziauddin University, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Sheikh
- Applied Oral Sciences & Dental Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1W2, Canada
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mak Kit-Kay
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rehan Ahmed Siddiqui
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ziauddin University, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nudrat Nawaid Shah
- Department of Anatomy, Ziauddin Medical College, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Spoorthi Banavar
- Division of Clinical Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jukka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; University of Manchester, School of Dentistry, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Seow Liang Lin
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umer Daood
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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6
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Hey G, Rao R, Carter A, Reddy A, Valle D, Patel A, Patel D, Lucke-Wold B, Pomeranz Krummel D, Sengupta S. Ligand-Gated Ion Channels: Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications for Gliomas. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050853. [PMID: 37241023 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are common primary brain malignancies that remain difficult to treat due to their overall aggressiveness and heterogeneity. Although a variety of therapeutic strategies have been employed for the treatment of gliomas, there is increasing evidence that suggests ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) can serve as a valuable biomarker and diagnostic tool in the pathogenesis of gliomas. Various LGICs, including P2X, SYT16, and PANX2, have the potential to become altered in the pathogenesis of glioma, which can disrupt the homeostatic activity of neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, further exacerbating the symptoms and progression of glioma. Consequently, LGICs, including purinoceptors, glutamate-gated receptors, and Cys-loop receptors, have been targeted in clinical trials for their potential therapeutic benefit in the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas. In this review, we discuss the role of LGICs in the pathogenesis of glioma, including genetic factors and the effect of altered LGIC activity on the biological functioning of neuronal cells. Additionally, we discuss current and emerging investigations regarding the use of LGICs as a clinical target and potential therapeutic for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hey
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rohan Rao
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ashley Carter
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Akshay Reddy
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Daisy Valle
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Anjali Patel
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Drashti Patel
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 23608, USA
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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7
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Marques P, Korbonits M. Tumour microenvironment and pituitary tumour behaviour. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:1047-1063. [PMID: 37060402 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary tumour microenvironment encompasses a spectrum of non-tumoural cells, such as immune, stromal or endothelial cells, as well as enzymes and signalling peptides like cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, which surround the tumour cells and may influence pituitary tumour behaviour and tumourigenic mechanisms. Recently, there has been intensive research activity in this field describing various pituitary tumour-infiltrating immune and stromal cell subpopulations, and immune- and microenvironment-related pathways. Key changes in oncological therapeutic avenues resulted in the recognition of pituitary as a target of adverse events for patients treated with immune checkpoint regulators. However, these phenomena can be turned into therapeutic advantage in severe cases of pituitary tumours. Therefore, unravelling the pituitary tumour microenvironment will allow a better understanding of the biology and behaviour of pituitary tumours and may provide further developments in terms of diagnosis and management of patients with aggressively growing or recurrent pituitary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marques
- Pituitary Tumor Unit, Endocrinology Department, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - M Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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8
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Shieu MK, Ho HY, Lin CC, Lo YS, Chuang YC, Hsieh MJ, Chen MK. Narciclasine suppresses oral cancer metastasis by modulating cathepsin B and extracellular signal-related kinase pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114159. [PMID: 36577331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a malignancy with unfavorable prognosis due to its high rates of recurrence and lymph node metastasis. Narciclasine is extracted from Narcissus species (Amaryllidaceae), which have antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the antitumor properties of narciclasine toward oral cancer remain unclear. The present study explored the antimetastatic effects of narciclasine in oral cancer as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. We treated three oral cancer cell lines with noncytotoxic concentrations of narciclasine and discovered a dose-dependent antimetastatic effect. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, including extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), were regulated by narciclasine. We further discovered the ERK pathway to directly affect narciclasine-induced metastasis inhibition by combining treatment with narciclasine and ERK inhibitor. Furthermore, downregulation of cathepsin B (CTSB) in the SAS and SCC-47 cell lines revealed the critical role of CTSB in the antimetastatic effect of narciclasine. Our findings indicate that narciclasine inhibits oral cancer metastasis by regulating the ERK pathway and CTSB. This study provides evidence of the mechanism of narciclasine-induced inhibition oral cancer metastasis and suggests potential targets for use in oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Kuei Shieu
- Division of General Practice, Department of Medical Education, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
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Two-phase model of compressive stress induced on a surrounding hyperelastic medium by an expanding tumour. J Math Biol 2022; 86:18. [PMID: 36538075 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-022-01851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In vitro experiments in which tumour cells are seeded in a gelatinous medium, or hydrogel, show how mechanical interactions between tumour cells and the tissue in which they are embedded, together with local levels of an externally-supplied, diffusible nutrient (e.g., oxygen), affect the tumour's growth dynamics. In this article, we present a mathematical model that describes these in vitro experiments. We use the model to understand how tumour growth generates mechanical deformations in the hydrogel and how these deformations in turn influence the tumour's growth. The hydrogel is viewed as a nonlinear hyperelastic material and the tumour is modelled as a two-phase mixture, comprising a viscous tumour cell phase and an isotropic, inviscid interstitial fluid phase. Using a combination of numerical and analytical techniques, we show how the tumour's growth dynamics change as the mechanical properties of the hydrogel vary. When the hydrogel is soft, nutrient availability dominates the dynamics: the tumour evolves to a large equilibrium configuration where the proliferation rate of nutrient-rich cells on the tumour boundary balances the death rate of nutrient-starved cells in the central, necrotic core. As the hydrogel stiffness increases, mechanical resistance to growth increases and the tumour's equilibrium size decreases. Indeed, for small tumours embedded in stiff hydrogels, the inhibitory force experienced by the tumour cells may be so large that the tumour is eliminated. Analysis of the model identifies parameter regimes in which the presence of the hydrogel drives tumour elimination.
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10
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Lokshin A, Mikhaleva LM, Goufman EI, Boltovskaya MN, Tikhonova NB, Stepanova II, Stepanov AA, Potoldykova NV, Vinarov AZ, Stemmer P, Iakovlev V. Proteolyzed Variant of IgG with Free C-Terminal Lysine as a Biomarker of Prostate Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080817. [PMID: 34440049 PMCID: PMC8389667 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We have discovered that immunoglobulins digested with plasmin, one of the enzymes of blood clotting cascade acquire a capability to bind to one of the chains of plasminogen. We investigate here the mechanisms and localization of such binding. We also show that levels of this digested immunoglobulin molecule are higher in patients with prostate cancer. Therefore, this digested immunoglobulin could serve as a biomarker for the detection of patients with prostate cancer from patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. We observed that the diagnostic accuracy of blood levels of digested immunoglobulins is dramatically higher than that of PSA. Abstract The differential diagnosis of prostate cancer is problematic due to the lack of markers with high diagnostic accuracy. We previously demonstrated the increased binding of IgG to human plasminogen (PLG) in plasma of patients with prostate cancer (PC) compared to healthy controls. Heavy and light chains of PLG (PLG-H and PLG-L) were immobilized on 96-well plates and the binding of IgG to PLG-H and PLG-L was analyzed in serum from 30 prostate cancer (PC) patients, 30 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 30 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results demonstrate that IgG from PC sera bind to PLG-H but not to PLG-L. This interaction occurred through the free IgG C-terminal lysine (Lys) that becomes exposed as a result of IgG conformational changes associated with proteolysis. Circulating levels of modified IgG with exposed C-terminal Lys (IgG-Lys) were significantly higher in PC patients than in healthy controls and in BPH. We used Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to calculate the sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) of circulating IgG-Lys for differentiating PC from BPH as 77% and 90%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.87. We demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy of circulating levels of IgG-Lys is much higher than diagnostic accuracy of total PSA (tPSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lokshin
- Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lyudmila M. Mikhaleva
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.M.); (E.I.G.); (M.N.B.); (N.B.T.); (I.I.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Eugene I. Goufman
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.M.); (E.I.G.); (M.N.B.); (N.B.T.); (I.I.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Marina N. Boltovskaya
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.M.); (E.I.G.); (M.N.B.); (N.B.T.); (I.I.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Natalia B. Tikhonova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.M.); (E.I.G.); (M.N.B.); (N.B.T.); (I.I.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Irina I. Stepanova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.M.); (E.I.G.); (M.N.B.); (N.B.T.); (I.I.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Alexandr A. Stepanov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.M.); (E.I.G.); (M.N.B.); (N.B.T.); (I.I.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Natalia V. Potoldykova
- Institute of Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.P.); (A.Z.V.)
| | - Andrey Z. Vinarov
- Institute of Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.P.); (A.Z.V.)
| | - Paul Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
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Mohapatra PK, Srivastava R, Varshney KK, Babu SH. Formulation and Evaluation of Isradipine Nanosuspension and Exploring its Role as a Potential Anticancer Drug by Computational Approach. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1984-2001. [PMID: 34353274 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210805125426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-type calcium channels are aberrantly expressed in different human cancers and regulate cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and survival. FAK-1 can promote tumor protein degradation (p53) through ubiquitination, leading to cancer cell growth and proliferation. Similar findings are obtained regarding protease inhibitors' effect on cytokine-induced neutrophil activation that suppresses Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) TNF-α-induced O2 release and adherence in human neutrophils without affecting phosphorylation of Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38. Nanosuspensions are carrier-free, submicron colloidal dispersions which consist of pure drugs and stabilizers. Incorporating drug loaded in nanosuspensions possessed great advantages of passive drug targeting with improved solubility, stability, and bioavailability, as well as lower systemic toxicity. OBJECTIVE The present investigation objective was to establish a molecular association of Protease and Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 as cancer targets for isradipine a calcium channel blocker (CCB). Furthermore, the study also aimed to formulate its optimized nanosuspension and how the physical, morphological, and dissolution properties of isradipine impact nanosuspension stability. MATERIAL AND METHOD Five different molecular targets, namely Cysteine Proteases (Cathepsin B), Serine Proteases (Matriptase), Aspartate Proteases, Matrix Metalloproteases (MMP), and FAK-1 were obtained from RCSB-PDB, which has some leading associations with the inhibition in cancer pathogenesis. Molecular interactions of these targets with CCB isradipine were identified and established by the molecular simulation docking studies. Isradipine-loaded nanosuspension was prepared by precipitation technique by employing a 23 factorial design. PVP K-30, poloxamer 188, and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) were used as polymer, co-polymer, and surfactant. The nanosuspension particles are characterized for particle size, zeta potential, viscosity, polydispersity index (PDI), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), In-vitro drug release kinetics, and short-term stability study. RESULT It was found to show considerable interaction with Cysteine, Serine, Aspartate, Threonine, and Matrix metalloproteases with the binding energy of -3.91, -6.7, -3.48, -8.42, respectively. Furthermore, the interaction of isradipine with FAK-1 was compared with 7 native ligands and was found to show significant interaction with a binding energy of -8.62, -7.27, -7.69, -5.67, -5.41, -7.44, -8.21. The optimized nanosuspension was evaluated and exhibited the particle size of 754.9 nm, zeta potential of 32.5 mV, the viscosity of 1.287 cp, and PDI of 1.000. The in-vitro dissolution of the optimized formulation (F8) was higher (96.57%). CONCLUSION Isradipine could act as a potential inhibitor of different proteases and FAK-1 associated with tumor growth initiation, progression, and metastasis. Furthermore, isradipine-loaded nanosuspension with optimized release could be utilized to deliver the anticancer drug in a more targeted way as emerging cancer nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Kumar Mohapatra
- Moradabad Educational Trust Group of Institutions Faculty of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Rajnish Srivastava
- Moradabad Educational Trust Group of Institutions Faculty of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Krishna Kumar Varshney
- Moradabad Institute of Technology (MIT) College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - S Haresh Babu
- Lydia College of Pharmacy, Ravulapalem, Andhra Pradesh. India
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12
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Panchal A, Seto P, Wall R, Hillier BJ, Zhu Y, Krakow J, Datt A, Pongo E, Bagheri A, Chen THT, Degenhardt JD, Culp PA, Dettling DE, Vinogradova MV, May C, DuBridge RB. COBRA™: a highly potent conditionally active T cell engager engineered for the treatment of solid tumors. MAbs 2021; 12:1792130. [PMID: 32684124 PMCID: PMC7531513 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1792130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditionally active COBRA™ (COnditional Bispecific Redirected Activation) T cell engagers are engineered to overcome the limitations of inherently active first-generation T cell engagers, which are unable to discern between tumor and healthy tissues. Designed to be administered as prodrugs, COBRAs target cell surface antigens upon administration, but engage T cells only after they are activated within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This allows COBRAs to be preferentially turned on in tumors while safely remaining inactive in healthy tissue. Here, we describe the development of the COBRA design and the characterization of these conditionally active T cell engagers. Upon administration COBRAs are engineered to bind to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and serum albumin (to extend their half-life in circulation), but are inhibited from interacting with the T cell receptor complex signaling molecule CD3. In the TME, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated linker cleavage event occurs within the COBRA construct, which rearranges the molecule, allowing it to co-engage TAAs and CD3, thereby activating T cells against the tumor. COBRAs are conditionally activated through cleavage with MMP9, and once active are highly potent, displaying sub-pM EC50s in T cell killing assays. Studies in tumor-bearing mice demonstrate COBRA administration completely regresses established solid tumor xenografts. These results strongly support the further characterization of the novel COBRA design in preclinical development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Panchal
- Research and Discovery, Maverick Therapeutics , Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Pui Seto
- Research and Discovery, Maverick Therapeutics , Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Russell Wall
- Research and Discovery, Maverick Therapeutics , Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Brian J Hillier
- Research and Discovery, Maverick Therapeutics , Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Research and Discovery, Maverick Therapeutics , Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Krakow
- Research and Discovery, Maverick Therapeutics , Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Aakash Datt
- Research and Development, Maverick Therapeutics , Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pongo
- Research and Discovery, Maverick Therapeutics , Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Andisheh Bagheri
- Research and Discovery, Maverick Therapeutics , Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Tseng-Hui T Chen
- Research and Discovery, Maverick Therapeutics , Brisbane, CA, USA
| | | | - Patricia A Culp
- Research and Discovery, Maverick Therapeutics , Brisbane, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Chad May
- Research and Development, Maverick Therapeutics , Brisbane, CA, USA
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13
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Chen S, Chen M, Yang J, Zeng X, Zhou Y, Yang S, Yang R, Yuan Q, Zheng J. Design and Engineering of Hypoxia and Acidic pH Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Intelligent Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Precise Tumor Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100243. [PMID: 34117822 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive fluorescence imaging modality shows great promise for detection of tumor due to the advantages of high sensitivity, simplicity and noninvasiveness. However, some non-cancer regions including nodules and inflammation may also exhibit a stimulus-related characteristic, which cause the problem of nonspecific responsiveness and then cause "false positive" results for tumor recognition. Herein, hypoxia and acidic pH, two typical features strongly associated with tumor invasion, progression and metastasis in tumor microenvironment (TME), are chosen as dual stimuli to fabricate "dual lock-and-key" fluorescent nanoprobe for highly specific and precise imaging of tumor cells. Mesoporous silica coated gold nanorods (AuNR@mSiO2 ) are employed as nanocarrier and nanoquencher to load the pH-sensitive fluorescent reporter (Rho-TP). Azobenzene (azo) which can be reduced to amines by the highly expressed azoreductase under hypoxic conditions, is elected as the effective gatekeeper for AuNR@mSiO2 by forming complex with β-cyclodextrin polymer via host-guest interaction (azo/β-CDP). By elaborately combining the hypoxia-responsive gatekeeper and pH-responsive fluorescent signal reporter into one nanoprobe, sensitive and specific imaging of tumor cells can be realized. The fabricated dual lock-and-key fluorescent nanoprobe successfully further apply in tumor-bearing mice model, which indicate potential of early diagnosis and assessment of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiya Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Mingjian Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xianqing Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yibo Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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14
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Morais C, Rajandram R, Blakeney JS, Iyer A, Suen JY, Johnson DW, Gobe GC, Fairlie DP, Vesey DA. Expression of protease activated receptor-2 is reduced in renal cell carcinoma biopsies and cell lines. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248983. [PMID: 33765016 PMCID: PMC7993771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the protease sensing receptor, protease activated receptor-2 (PAR2), is elevated in a variety of cancers and has been promoted as a potential therapeutic target. With the development of potent antagonists for this receptor, we hypothesised that they could be used to treat renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The expression of PAR2 was, therefore, examined in human RCC tissues and selected RCC cell lines. Histologically confirmed cases of RCC, together with paired non-involved kidney tissue, were used to produce a tissue microarray (TMA) and to extract total tissue RNA. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR were then used to assess PAR2 expression. In culture, RCC cell lines versus primary human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HTEC) were used to assess PAR2 expression by qPCR, immunocytochemistry and an intracellular calcium mobilization assay. The TMA revealed an 85% decrease in PAR2 expression in tumour tissue compared with normal kidney tissue. Likewise, qPCR showed a striking reduction in PAR2 mRNA in RCC compared with normal kidney. All RCC cell lines showed lower levels of PAR2 expression than HTEC. In conclusion, we found that PAR2 was reduced in RCC compared with normal kidney and is unlikely to be a target of interest in the treatment of this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christudas Morais
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Retnagowri Rajandram
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Jade S. Blakeney
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacky Y. Suen
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David W. Johnson
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glenda C. Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David A. Vesey
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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15
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Lala PK, Nandi P, Hadi A, Halari C. A crossroad between placental and tumor biology: What have we learnt? Placenta 2021; 116:12-30. [PMID: 33958236 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Placenta in certain species including the human has evolved as a highly invasive tumor-like organ invading the uterus aned its vasculature to derive oxygen and nutrients for the fetus and exchange waste products. While several excellent reviews have been written comparing hemochorial placentation with tumors, no comprehensive review is available dealing with mechanistic insights into what makes them different, and what tumor biologists can learn from placental biologists, and vice versa. In this review, we analyze the structure-function relationship of the human placenta, emphasizing the functional need of the spatio-temporally orchestrated trophoblast invasiveness for fetal development and growth, and pathological consequences of aberrant invasiveness for fetal and maternal health. We then analyze similarities and differences between the placenta and invasive tumors in terms of hallmarks of cancer, some key molecules regulating their invasive functions, and how placental cancers (choriocarcinomas) or other cancers become refractory or even addicted to these invasion-restraining molecules. We cite in vitro models of human trophoblast and choriocarcinoma cell lines utilized to study mechanisms in normal placental development as well as those responsible for tumor progression. We discuss the pathobiology of hyper-invasive placentas and show thattrophoblastic neoplasias are a unique and heterogeneous class of tumors. We delve into the questions as to why metastasis from other organs rarely occurs at the placental site and whether pregnancy makes the mother more or less vulnerable to cancer-related morbidity/mortality. We attempt to compare trophoblast stem cells and cancer stem cells. Finally, we leave the readers with some thoughts as foods of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peeyush K Lala
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Westernat Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada; Associate Scientist, Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6C2V5.
| | - Pinki Nandi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Westernat Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada.
| | - Ali Hadi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Westernat Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada.
| | - Chidambra Halari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Westernat Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada.
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16
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Wei Z, Feng M, Wu Z, Shen S, Zhu D. Bcl9 Depletion Modulates Endothelial Cell in Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer Tumor. Front Oncol 2021; 10:603702. [PMID: 33552975 PMCID: PMC7856347 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.603702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor endothelial cells are an important part of the tumor microenvironment, and angiogenesis inhibitory therapy has shown potential in tumor treatment. However, which subtypes of tumor endothelial cells are distributed in tumors, what are the differences between tumor endothelial cells and normal endothelial cells, and what is the mechanism of angiogenesis inhibitory therapy at the histological level, are all need to be resolved urgently. Using single-cell mRNA sequencing, we analyzed 12 CT26 colon cancer samples from mice, and found that knockdown of the downstream factor BCL9 in the Wnt signaling pathway or inhibitor-mediated functional inhibition can modulate tumor endothelial cells at a relatively primitive stage, inhibiting their differentiation into further extracellular matrix construction and angiogenesis functions. Furthermore, we propose a BCL9-endo-Score based on the differential expression of cells related to different states of BCL9 functions. Using published data sets with normal endothelial cells, we found that this score can characterize endothelial cells at different stages of differentiation. Finally, in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pan-cancer database, we found that BCL9-endo-Score can well predict the prognosis of diseases including colon cancer, kidney cancer and breast cancer, and identified the markers of these tumor subtypes, provide a basis for the prognosis prediction of patients with such types of tumor. Our data also contributed knowledge for tumor precision treatment with angiogenesis inhibitory therapy by targeting the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuru Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, China
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17
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Middelburg J, Kemper K, Engelberts P, Labrijn AF, Schuurman J, van Hall T. Overcoming Challenges for CD3-Bispecific Antibody Therapy in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:287. [PMID: 33466732 PMCID: PMC7829968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of cancer with CD3-bispecific antibodies is an approved therapeutic option for some hematological malignancies and is under clinical investigation for solid cancers. However, the treatment of solid tumors faces more pronounced hurdles, such as increased on-target off-tumor toxicities, sparse T-cell infiltration and impaired T-cell quality due to the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which affect the safety and limit efficacy of CD3-bispecific antibody therapy. In this review, we provide a brief status update of the CD3-bispecific antibody therapy field and identify intrinsic hurdles in solid cancers. Furthermore, we describe potential combinatorial approaches to overcome these challenges in order to generate selective and more effective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Middelburg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Kristel Kemper
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Patrick Engelberts
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
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18
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Marques P, Grossman AB, Korbonits M. The tumour microenvironment of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 58:100852. [PMID: 32553750 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) includes a variety of non-neoplastic cells and non-cellular elements such as cytokines, growth factors and enzymes surrounding tumour cells. The TME emerged as a key modulator of tumour initiation, progression and invasion, with extensive data available in many cancers, but little is known in pituitary tumours. However, the understanding of the TME of pituitary tumours has advanced thanks to active research in this field over the last decade. Different immune and stromal cell subpopulations, and several cytokines, growth factors and matrix remodelling enzymes, have been characterised in pituitary tumours. Studying the TME in pituitary tumours may lead to a better understanding of tumourigenic mechanisms, identification of biomarkers useful to predict aggressive disease, and development of novel therapies. This review summarises the current knowledge on the different TME cellular/non-cellular elements in pituitary tumours and provides an overview of their role in tumourigenesis, biological behaviour and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Ashley B Grossman
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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19
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Poreba M. Protease-activated prodrugs: strategies, challenges, and future directions. FEBS J 2020; 287:1936-1969. [PMID: 31991521 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteases play critical roles in virtually all biological processes, including proliferation, cell death and survival, protein turnover, and migration. However, when dysregulated, these enzymes contribute to the progression of multiple diseases, with cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation, and blood disorders being the most prominent examples. For a long time, disease-associated proteases have been used for the activation of various prodrugs due to their well-characterized catalytic activity and ability to selectively cleave only those substrates that strictly correspond with their active site architecture. To date, versatile peptide sequences that are cleaved by proteases in a site-specific manner have been utilized as bioactive linkers for the targeted delivery of multiple types of cargo, including fluorescent dyes, photosensitizers, cytotoxic drugs, antibiotics, and pro-antibodies. This platform is highly adaptive, as multiple protease-labile conjugates have already been developed, some of which are currently in clinical use for cancer treatment. In this review, recent advancements in the development of novel protease-cleavable linkers for selective drug delivery are described. Moreover, the current limitations regarding the selectivity of linkers are discussed, and the future perspectives that rely on the application of unnatural amino acids for the development of highly selective peptide linkers are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Poreba
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
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20
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Liu Y, Li L, Li Y, Zhao X. Research Progress on Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Inflammation in Cervical Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6842963. [PMID: 32083131 PMCID: PMC7011341 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6842963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological tumor worldwide. Persistent infection of high-risk HPV-induced smouldering inflammation is considered to be an important risk factor for cervical cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the progress of the tumor occurrence, development, and prognosis of cervical cancer. Macrophages are the main contributor to the TME, which is called tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). During the inflammatory response, the phenotype and function of TAMs are constantly changing, which are involved in different regulatory networks. The phenotype of TAMs is related to the metabolism and secretory factors release, which facilitate the angiogenesis and lymphatic duct formation during cervical cancer metastasis, thus affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer. This review intends to discuss the recent research progress on the relationship between TAMs and cervical cancer, which is helpful to elucidate the mechanism of TAMs in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Zunyi Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Li Li
- Zunyi Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Ying Li
- Zunyi Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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21
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Hu P, Shang L, Chen J, Chen X, Chen C, Hong W, Huang M, Xu P, Chen Z. A nanometer-sized protease inhibitor for precise cancer diagnosis and treatment. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:504-514. [PMID: 31840729 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02081k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of pro-cancer proteases is a potent anticancer strategy. However, protease inhibitors are mostly developed in the forms of small molecules or peptides, which normally suffer from insufficient metabolic stability. The fast clearance significantly impairs the antitumor effects of these inhibitors. In this study, we report a nanometer-sized inhibitor of a pro-cancer protease, suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 (st14), which has been reported as a potent prognostic marker for multiple cancers. This st14 inhibitor was fabricated by conjugating a recombinant st14 inhibitor (KD1) with carbon quantum dots (CQDs). CQD-KD1 not only demonstrated high potency of inhibiting st14 activity in biochemical experiments, but also remarkably suppressed the invasion of breast cancer cells. In contrast to the original recombinant KD1, CQD-KD1 demonstrated a prolonged retention time in plasma and at the tumor site because of the reduced renal clearance. Consistently, CQD-KD1 demonstrated enhanced efficacies of suppressing tumor growth and cancer metastases in vivo. In addition, CQD-KD1 precisely imaged tumor tissues in cancer-grafted mice by specifically targeting the over-expressed st14 on the tumor cell surface, which indicates CQD-KD1 as a potent probe for the fluorescence guided surgery of tumor resection. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that CQD-KD1 is a highly potent diagnostic and therapeutic agent for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Vicente‐Munuera P, Burgos‐Panadero R, Noguera I, Navarro S, Noguera R, Escudero LM. The topology of vitronectin: A complementary feature for neuroblastoma risk classification based on computer-aided detection. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:553-565. [PMID: 31173338 PMCID: PMC6899647 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are complex networks of constantly interacting elements: tumor cells, stromal cells, immune and stem cells, blood/lympathic vessels, nerve fibers and extracellular matrix components. These elements can influence their microenvironment through mechanical and physical signals to promote tumor cell growth. To get a better understanding of tumor biology, cooperation between multidisciplinary fields is needed. Diverse mathematic computations and algorithms have been designed to find prognostic targets and enhance diagnostic assessment. In this work, we use computational digital tools to study the topology of vitronectin, a glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix. Vitronectin is linked to angiogenesis and migration, two processes closely related to tumor cell spread. Here, we investigate whether the distribution of this molecule in the tumor stroma may confer mechanical properties affecting neuroblastoma aggressiveness. Combining image analysis and graph theory, we analyze different topological features that capture the organizational cues of vitronectin in histopathological images taken from human samples. We find that the Euler number and the branching of territorial vitronectin, two topological features, could allow for a more precise pretreatment risk stratification to guide treatment strategies in neuroblastoma patients. A large amount of recently synthesized VN would create migration tracks, pinpointed by both topological features, for malignant neuroblasts, so that dramatic change in the extracellular matrix would increase tumor aggressiveness and worsen patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vicente‐Munuera
- Departamento de Biología CelularInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roció/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevilleSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Rebeca Burgos‐Panadero
- Department of Pathology, Medical SchoolUniversity of Valencia/INCLIVAValenciaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Oncology (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Inmaculada Noguera
- Central Support Service for Experimental Research (SCSIE), University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Medical SchoolUniversity of Valencia/INCLIVAValenciaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Oncology (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical SchoolUniversity of Valencia/INCLIVAValenciaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Oncology (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Luis M. Escudero
- Departamento de Biología CelularInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roció/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevilleSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
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Tian F, Lu B, Chen Z, Liu J, Ji D, Li J, Tang M, Zhu W, Li J. Microbial antigens-loaded myeloma cells enhance Th2 cell proliferation and myeloma clonogenicity via Th2-myeloma cell interaction. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1246. [PMID: 31870332 PMCID: PMC6929311 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myeloma cells retain B cell functions, considered to be potential antigen presenting cells, yet there is little information regarding promoting Th2 cell proliferation or the direct effects to myeloma on the Th2 cells stimulated by microbial antigens-loaded myeloma cells. Methods Mixed lymphocyte reaction was used colorimetric assays via CCK8-kit. Surface molecular expression was performed by flow cytometry, cells sorting using microbeads. The concentrations of cytokines in serum were assessed using an ELISA kit. Clonogenic assay were performed in a methylcellulose culture system. Statistical analysis was assessed using the Student’s t-test or one-way analysis of variance for multiple comparisons test. Results The expression of HLA-DR, CD80 and CD40 on RPMI8266 cell membrane surface was upregulated by interaction with interferon-γ and/or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine (BCGV). RPMI8266 cells were able to induce the mixed lymphocyte reaction in a dose-dependent fashion. The Th2 ratio induced by RPMI8266 treated by BCGV and interferon-γ (treated-RPMI8266) cells was only slightly greater than by untreated-tumor cells, but the serum IL-4 level secreted by Th2 cells was markedly higher in treated-RPMI8266 cells group. Th2 cells stimulated by treated-myeloma cells could directly promote treated-myeloma cell clonogenicity in a dose-dependent manner. Anti-HLADR IgG2b completely blocked increased of IL-4 secretion by Th2 cells stimulated by treated-myeloma cells, while also blocked enhancing the clonogenicity of treated tumor cells stimulated by MM-Th2 cells. Conclusions These results indicate that a novel mechanism of myeloma pathogenesis in myeloma cells could act as an APC to present microbial Ags to Th2 cells, promoting Th2 cell proliferation, consequently facilitating tumor development by close interaction between Th2 myeloma cells. Taken together, the microbial Ag presenting course of MM-Th2-MM interactions—restricted by MHC class-II—may result in tumor development such that all factors involved in the system could have a potential for myeloma therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqing Tian
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Ziren Chen
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junru Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Delan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Juheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiqin Tang
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Kikuchi S, Yoshioka Y, Prieto-Vila M, Ochiya T. Involvement of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular-Related Functions in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102584. [PMID: 31130715 PMCID: PMC6566766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cause of mortality among patients with cancer is the progression of the tumor, better known as cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer progression involves a series of biologically important steps in which the cross-talk between cancer cells and the cells in the surrounding environment is positioned as an important issue. Notably, angiogenesis is a key tumorigenic phenomenon for cancer progression. Cancer-related extracellular vesicles (EVs) commonly contribute to the modulation of a microenvironment favorable to cancer cells through their function of cell-to-cell communication. Vascular-related cells such as endothelial cells (ECs) and platelets activated by cancer cells and cancer-derived EVs develop procoagulant and proinflammatory statuses, which help excite the tumor environment, and play major roles in tumor progression, including in tumor extravasation, tumor cell microthrombi formation, platelet aggregation, and metastasis. In particular, cancer-derived EVs influence ECs, which then play multiple roles such as contributing to tumor angiogenesis, loss of endothelial vascular barrier by binding to ECs, and the subsequent endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, i.e., extracellular matrix remodeling. Thus, cell-to-cell communication between cancer cells and ECs via EVs may be an important target for controlling cancer progression. This review describes the current knowledge regarding the involvement of EVs, especially exosomes derived from cancer cells, in EC-related cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Kikuchi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Marta Prieto-Vila
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
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25
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Park JE, Tse SW, Xue G, Assisi C, Maqueda AS, Ramon GPX, Low JK, Kon OL, Tay CY, Tam JP, Sze SK. Pulsed SILAC-based proteomic analysis unveils hypoxia- and serum starvation-induced de novo protein synthesis with PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14) as a hypoxia sensitive epigenetic regulator in cell cycle progression. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2136-2150. [PMID: 31040906 PMCID: PMC6481330 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an environmental cue that is associated with multiple tumorigenic processes such as immunosuppression, angiogenesis, cancer invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and poor clinical outcomes. When facing hypoxic stress, cells initiate several adaptive responses such as cell cycle arrest to reduce excessive oxygen consumption and co-activation of oncogenic factors. In order to identify the critical novel proteins for hypoxia responses, we used pulsed-SILAC method to trace the active cellular translation events in A431 cells. Proteomic discovery data and biochemical assays showed that cancer cells selectively activate key glycolytic enzymes and novel ER-stress markers, while protein synthesis is severely suppressed. Interestingly, deprivation of oxygen affected the expression of various epigenetic regulators such as histone demethylases and NuRD (nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase) complex in A431 cells. In addition, we identified PHF14 (the plant homeodomain finger-14) as a novel hypoxia-sensitive epigenetic regulator that plays a key role in cell cycle progress and protein synthesis. Hypoxia-mediated inhibition of PHF14 was associated with increase of key cell cycle inhibitors, p14ARF, p15INK4b, and p16INK4a, which are responsible for G1-S phase transition and decrease of AKT-mTOR-4E-BP1/pS6K signaling pathway, a master regulator of protein synthesis, in response to environmental cues. Analysis of TCGA colon cancer (n=461) and skin cancer (n=470) datasets revealed a positive correlation between PHF14 expression and protein translation initiation factors, eIF4E, eIF4B, and RPS6. Significance of PHF14 gene was further demonstrated by in vivo mouse xenograft model using PHF14 KD cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Shun Wilford Tse
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Guo Xue
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Christina Assisi
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Aida Serra Maqueda
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Gallart Palau Xavier Ramon
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Jee Keem Low
- Department of Oncology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433
| | - Oi Lian Kon
- Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- Division of Materials Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - James P Tam
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
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26
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Han B, Yang Y, Chen J, He X, Lv N, Yan R. PRSS23 knockdown inhibits gastric tumorigenesis through EIF2 signaling. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:50-57. [PMID: 30769097 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PRSS23 is a newly discovered serine protease that has been associated with tumor progression in various types of cancers. Our previous study showed PRSS23 is down-regulated obviously in Hedgehog pathway blocked gastric cancer cells. However, the correlation between PRSS23 and tumor progression of gastric cancer remains unclear. Here, the role and mechanism of PRSS23 in tumor progression of gastric cancer were determined. PRSS23 protein levels were significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues compared with the paired adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissues. The high expression of PRSS23 correlated strongly with both poor differentiated histology and cancer region of sinus ventriculi. Gastric cancer patients with low PRSS23 expression displayed a better prognosis. In gastric cancer cells, PRSS23 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. In xenograft tumor model, PRSS23 knockdown led to dramatic decreases of the average tumor volume and the average tumor weight. In addition, PRSS23 knockdown suppressed gastric cancer growth through inhibiting EIF2 signaling using gene expression microarray analysis. Taken together, our results suggest PRSS23 is highly associated with human gastric tumorigenesis and progression. PRSS23 knockdown could suppress tumor growth of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo through inhibiting EIF2 signaling, and EIF4E maybe a potential target of PRSS23. PRSS23 could serve as a potential target for gastric cancer therapy, and also a biomarker for the prediction of prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China; Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China; Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingxing He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Nonghua Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.
| | - Runwei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.
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27
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Leštarević S, Mandić P, Mijović M, Dejanović M, Marjanović D, Matejić S, Filipović M. Histological characteristics and volume density of elastic fibers in the dermis during aging. PRAXIS MEDICA 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/pramed1902001l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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28
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Noriega-Guerra H, Freitas VM. Extracellular Matrix Influencing HGF/c-MET Signaling Pathway: Impact on Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113300. [PMID: 30352967 PMCID: PMC6274944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment involved in numerous cellular processes that contribute to cancer progression. It is acknowledged that tumor–stromal cell communication is driven by a complex and dynamic network of cytokines, growth factors and proteases. Thus, the ECM works as a reservoir for bioactive molecules that modulate tumor cell behavior. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) produced by tumor and stromal cells acts as a multifunctional cytokine and activates the c-MET receptor, which is expressed in different tumor cell types. The HGF/c-MET signaling pathway is associated with several cellular processes, such as proliferation, survival, motility, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Moreover, c-MET activation can be promoted by several ECM components, including proteoglycans and glycoproteins that act as bridging molecules and/or signal co-receptors. In contrast, c-MET activation can be inhibited by proteoglycans, matricellular proteins and/or proteases that bind and sequester HGF away from the cell surface. Therefore, understanding the effects of ECM components on HGF and c-MET may provide opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we give a short overview of how certain ECM components regulate the distribution and activation of HGF and c-MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heydi Noriega-Guerra
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, sala 428, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Morais Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, sala 428, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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29
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Furler RL, Nixon DF, Brantner CA, Popratiloff A, Uittenbogaart CH. TGF-β Sustains Tumor Progression through Biochemical and Mechanical Signal Transduction. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E199. [PMID: 29903994 PMCID: PMC6025279 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling transduces immunosuppressive biochemical and mechanical signals in the tumor microenvironment. In addition to canonical SMAD transcription factor signaling, TGF-β can promote tumor growth and survival by inhibiting proinflammatory signaling and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In this article, we review how TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activation lies at the intersection of proinflammatory signaling by immune receptors and anti-inflammatory signaling by TGF-β receptors. Additionally, we discuss the role of TGF-β in the mechanobiology of cancer. Understanding how TGF-β dampens proinflammatory responses and induces pro-survival mechanical signals throughout cancer development is critical for designing therapeutics that inhibit tumor progression while bolstering the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Furler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E 69th St., Belfer Research Building, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Douglas F Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E 69th St., Belfer Research Building, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Christine A Brantner
- GW Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, Office of the Vice President for Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Anastas Popratiloff
- GW Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, Office of the Vice President for Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Christel H Uittenbogaart
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, UCLA AIDS Institute and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB2, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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30
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Zhao T, Xu Y, Ren S, Liang C, Zhou X, Wu J. The siRNA silencing of DcR3 expression induces Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4370-4378. [PMID: 29725377 PMCID: PMC5920343 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional Fas ligand (FasL) may inhibit the apoptosis of tumor cells. FasL contains two receptors, Fas and Decoy Receptor 3 (DcR3). DcR3 competitively binds to FasL over Fas, resulting in the inhibition of FasL-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, it was suggested that the downregulation of DcR3 expression enhances FasL-mediated apoptosis. In the current study, the expression of DcR3 was silenced in liver cancer HepG2 cells in order to study the effect of FasL on HepG2 cell activity and invasiveness. DcR3 siRNA knockdown HepG2 cells (KD), DcR3 blank plasmid control HepG2 cells and wild-type HepG2 cells (WT) were treated with FasL (10 ng/ml). Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in the cell cycle and apoptosis. MTS, clonogenic, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to examine changes in cell activity, proliferation, migration and invasiveness. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to measure the expression of DcR3, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D. The results demonstrated that, compared with WT cells, the proportion of KD cells in the G2/M phase decreased following treatment with FasL. KD cells were more sensitive to FasL-induced apoptosis. Following treatment with FasL, the activity and proliferation, migration and invasion of KD cells were reduced, and the expression of MMP9, VEGF-C and VEGF-D decreased. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that DcR3 is involved in the proliferation and invasion of HepG2 cells, and this mechanism may be associated with the regulatory effect of the expression of MMP9, VEGF-C and VEGF-D; however, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. FollowingDcR3 silencing, FasL-mediated apoptosis increased in HepG2 cells. Therefore, DcR3 combined with FasL may be a potential target for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yingchen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Shulin Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Chaojie Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xiaona Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jixiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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31
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Ferrer VP, Moura Neto V, Mentlein R. Glioma infiltration and extracellular matrix: key players and modulators. Glia 2018; 66:1542-1565. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rolf Mentlein
- Department of Anatomy; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
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32
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ADAMTS-1 disrupts HGF/c-MET signaling and HGF-stimulated cellular processes in fibrosarcoma. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:271-282. [PMID: 29355494 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as a reservoir for biologically active factors, such as growth factors and proteases that influence the tumor cell behavior. ADAMTS-1 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs) is a secreted protease that has the ability to modify the ECM during physiological and pathological processes. Here, we analyzed the role played by ADAMTS-1 regulating HGF and TGF-β1 activities in the high-grade fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080). We generated HT1080 and HEK293T cells overexpressing ADAMTS-1. HT1080 cells overexpressing ADAMTS-1 (HT1080-MPA) exhibited a significant decrease in cell proliferation and migration velocity, both in presence of HGF. We obtained similar results with ADAMTS-1-enriched conditioned medium from other cell type. However, ADAMTS-1 overexpression failed to affect TGF-β1 activity associated with HT1080 cell proliferation and migration velocity. Immunoblotting showed that ADAMTS-1 overexpression disturbs c-Met activation upon HGF stimulation. Downstream ERK1/2 and FAK signaling pathways are also influenced by this protease. Additionally, ADAMTS-1 decreased the size of the fibrosarcospheres, both under normal conditions and in the presence of HGF. Likewise, in presence of HGF, ADAMTS-1 overexpression in HT1080 disrupted microtumors formation in vivo. These microtumors, including individual cells, presented characteristics of non-invasive lesions (rounded morphology). Our results suggest that ADAMTS-1 is involved in regulating HGF-related functions on fibrosarcoma cells. This protease may then represent an endogenous mechanism in controlling the bioavailability of different growth factors that have a direct influence on tumor cell behavior.
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33
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Liu QH, Wang Y, Yong HM, Hou PF, Pan J, Bai J, Zheng JN. XRCC1 serves as a potential prognostic indicator for clear cell renal cell carcinoma and inhibits its invasion and metastasis through suppressing MMP-2 and MMP-9. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109382-109392. [PMID: 29312615 PMCID: PMC5752528 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) is a major DNA repair gene that is responsible for fixing DNA base damage and single-strand breaks by interacting with DNA components at the damage site. This study explored the clinical significance of XRCC1 in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and further examined the mechanism of the role of XRCC1 in ccRCC. The clinical relevance of XRCC1 in ccRCC was evaluated using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical staining of two independent human ccRCC cohorts. Our data demonstrated that XRCC1 expression was dramatically decreased in ccRCC tissues compared with that in normal renal tissues and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues. Low XRCC1 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and with worse overall and disease-specific survival in patients, as determined by log-rank tests. However, Cox regression analysis revealed that XRCC1 expression was not an independent prognostic factor in ccRCC patients. Furthermore, XRCC1 suppressed ccRCC migration and invasion by inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression through the regulation of TIMP-2 and TIMP-1. These findings indicated that decreased XRCC1 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis but was not an independent prognostic factor in ccRCC patients. XRCC1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting ccRCC metastasis but cannot be used as an independent prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huai'an Hospital to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping-Fu Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Pizhou people's Hospital, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun-Nian Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Center for The Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
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34
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Wu SR, Teng CH, Tu YT, Ko CJ, Cheng TS, Lan SW, Lin HY, Lin HH, Tu HF, Hsiao PW, Huang HP, Chen CH, Lee MS. The Kunitz Domain I of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator Inhibitor-2 Inhibits Matriptase Activity and Invasive Ability of Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15101. [PMID: 29118397 PMCID: PMC5678078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of pericellular proteolysis is often required for tumor invasion and cancer progression. It has been shown that down-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-2 (HAI-2) results in activation of matriptase (a membrane-anchored serine protease), human prostate cancer cell motility and tumor growth. In this study, we further characterized if HAI-2 was a cognate inhibitor for matriptase and identified which Kunitz domain of HAI-2 was required for inhibiting matriptase and human prostate cancer cell motility. Our results show that HAI-2 overexpression suppressed matriptase-induced prostate cancer cell motility. We demonstrate that HAI-2 interacts with matriptase on cell surface and inhibits matriptase proteolytic activity. Moreover, cellular HAI-2 harnesses its Kunitz domain 1 (KD1) to inhibit matriptase activation and prostate cancer cell motility although recombinant KD1 and KD2 of HAI-2 both show an inhibitory activity and interaction with matriptase protease domain. The results together indicate that HAI-2 is a cognate inhibitor of matriptase, and KD1 of HAI-2 plays a major role in the inhibition of cellular matritptase activation as well as human prostate cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ru Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsin Teng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Shan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wei Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Po Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Chen
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyue Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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35
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Smuczek B, Santos EDS, Siqueira AS, Pinheiro JJ, Freitas VM, Jaeger RG. The laminin-derived peptide C16 regulates GPNMB expression and function in breast cancer. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:323-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Sho S, Court CM, Winograd P, Russell MM, Tomlinson JS. A prognostic mutation panel for predicting cancer recurrence in stages II and III colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2017; 116:996-1004. [PMID: 28767131 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Approximately 20-40% of stage II/III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients develop relapse. Clinicopathological factors alone are limited in detecting these patients, resulting in potential under/over-treatment. We sought to identify a prognostic tumor mutational profile that could predict CRC recurrence. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing data were obtained for 207 patients with stage II/III CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Mutational landscape in relapse-free versus relapsed cohort was compared using Fisher's exact test, followed by multivariate Cox regression to identify genes associated with cancer recurrence. Bootstrap-validation was used to examine internal/external validity. RESULTS We identified five prognostic genes (APAF1, DIAPH2, NTNG1, USP7, and VAV2), which were combined to form a prognostic mutation panel. Patients with ≥1 mutation(s) within this five-gene panel had worse prognosis (3-yr relapse-free survival [RFS]: 53.0%), compared to patients with no mutation (3-yr RFS: 84.3%). In multivariate analysis, the five-gene panel remained prognostic for cancer recurrence independent of stage and high-risk features (hazard ratio 3.63, 95%CI [1.93-6.83], P < 0.0001). Furthermore, its prognostic accuracy was superior to the American Joint Commission on Cancer classification (concordance-index: 0.70 vs 0.54). CONCLUSIONS Our proposed mutation panel identifies CRC patients at high-risk for recurrence, which may help guide adjuvant therapy and post-operative surveillance protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shonan Sho
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Colin M Court
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul Winograd
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marcia M Russell
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - James S Tomlinson
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA Center for Pancreatic Diseases, Los Angeles, California
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37
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Barreiro K, Holthofer H. Urinary extracellular vesicles. A promising shortcut to novel biomarker discoveries. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:217-227. [PMID: 28429073 PMCID: PMC5487850 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic and genomic techniques have reached full maturity and are providing unforeseen details for the comprehensive understanding of disease pathologies at a fraction of previous costs. However, for kidney diseases, many gaps in such information remain to inhibit major advances in the prevention, treatment and diagnostics of these devastating diseases, which have enormous global impact. The discovery of ubiquitous extracellular vesicles (EV) in all bodily fluids is rapidly increasing the fundamental knowledge of disease mechanisms and the ways in which cells communicate with distant locations in processes of cancer spread, immunological regulation, barrier functions and general modulation of cellular activity. In this review, we describe some of the most prominent research streams and findings utilizing urinary extracellular vesicles as highly versatile and dynamic tools with their extraordinary protein and small regulatory RNA species. While being a highly promising approach, the relatively young field of EV research suffers from a lack of adherence to strict standardization and carefully scrutinized methods for obtaining fully reproducible results. With the appropriate guidelines and standardization achieved, urine is foreseen as forming a unique, robust and easy route for determining accurate and personalized disease signatures and as providing highly useful early biomarkers of the disease pathology of the kidney and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barreiro
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Holthofer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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38
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Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Fagone P, McCubrey J, Bendtzen K, Mijatovic S, Nicoletti F. HIV-protease inhibitors for the treatment of cancer: Repositioning HIV protease inhibitors while developing more potent NO-hybridized derivatives? Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1713-1726. [PMID: 27870005 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The possible use of HIV protease inhibitors (HIV-PI) as new therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer primarily originated from their success in treating HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). While these findings were initially attributed to immune reconstitution and better control of oncogenic viral infections, the number of reports on solid tumors, KS, lymphoma, fibrosarcoma, multiple myeloma and prostate cancer suggest other mechanisms for the anti-neoplastic activity of PIs. However, a major drawback for the possible adoption of HIV-PIs in the therapy of cancer relies on their relatively weak anticancer potency and important side effects. This has propelled several groups to generate derivatives of HIV-PIs for anticancer use, through modifications such as attachment of different moieties, ligands and transporters, including saquinavir-loaded folic acid conjugated nanoparticles and nitric oxide (NO) derivatives of HIV-PIs. In this article, we discuss the current preclinical and clinical evidences for the potential use of HIV-PIs, and of novel derivatives, such as saquinavir-NO in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Maksimovic-Ivanic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," Belgrade University, Serbia
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - James McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Klaus Bendtzen
- Institute for Inflammation Research (IIR), Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanja Mijatovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," Belgrade University, Serbia
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
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39
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Eatemadi A, Aiyelabegan HT, Negahdari B, Mazlomi MA, Daraee H, Daraee N, Eatemadi R, Sadroddiny E. Role of protease and protease inhibitors in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:221-231. [PMID: 28006747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of death in 2015, and it has been estimated to surpass heart diseases as the leading cause of death in the next few years. Several mechanisms are involved in cancer pathogenesis. Studies have indicated that proteases are also implicated in tumor growth and progression which is highly dependent on nutrient and oxygen supply. On the other hand, protease inhibitors could be considered as a potent strategy in cancer therapy. On the basis of the type of the key amino acid in the active site of the protease and the mechanism of peptide bond cleavage, proteases can be classified into six groups: cysteine, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, aspartate proteases, as well as matrix metalloproteases. In this review, we focus on the role of different types of proteases and protease inhibitors in cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Eatemadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran.
| | - Hammed T Aiyelabegan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mazlomi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Daraee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasim Daraee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Sadroddiny
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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40
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Ray T, Pal A. PAR-1 mediated apoptosis of breast cancer cells by V. cholerae hemagglutinin protease. Apoptosis 2016; 21:609-20. [PMID: 26897170 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial toxins have emerged as promising agents in cancer treatment strategy. Hemagglutinin (HAP) protease secreted by Vibrio cholerae induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells and regresses tumor growth in mice model. The success of novel cancer therapies depends on their selectivity for cancer cells with limited toxicity for normal tissues. Increased expression of Protease Activated Receptor-1 (PAR-1) has been reported in different malignant cells. In this study we report that HAP induced activation and over expression of PAR-1 in breast cancer cells (EAC). Immunoprecipitation studies have shown that HAP specifically binds with PAR-1. HAP mediated activation of PAR-1 caused nuclear translocation of p50-p65 and the phosphorylation of p38 which triggered the activation of NFκB and MAP kinase signaling pathways. These signaling pathways enhanced the cellular ROS level in malignant cells that induced the intrinsic pathway of cell apoptosis. PAR-1 mediated apoptosis by HAP of malignant breast cells without effecting normal healthy cells in the same environment makes it a good therapeutic agent for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanusree Ray
- Division of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Amit Pal
- Division of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India.
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41
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Abstract
Most cancer patients experience severe pain during their disease course, and the management of cancer pain is a major challenge for patients and the healthcare team. Many diverse translational models of cancer pain in recent years have improved our understanding of cancer-related pain. Cancer and associated cells in the cancer microenvironment may release various peripheral mediators, including ATP, formaldehyde, protons, proteases, endothelin, bradykinin, TNF and NGF, that result in the activation and/or sensitization of peripheral and central neurons, that contribute to the clinical manifestations of cancer-related pain. Identification of these mediators and the peripheral and central mechanisms by which they contribute to cancer-related pain may provide novel therapeutic targets to alleviate cancer patient suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Lam
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dental Oncology, Maxillofacial & Ocular Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wasser Pain Management Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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42
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Li HL, Han L, Chen HR, Meng F, Liu QH, Pan ZQ, Bai J, Zheng JN. PinX1 serves as a potential prognostic indicator for clear cell renal cell carcinoma and inhibits its invasion and metastasis by suppressing MMP-2 via NF-κB-dependent transcription. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21406-20. [PMID: 26033551 PMCID: PMC4673274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PIN2/TRF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PinX1) is a novel cloned gene which has been identified as a major haploinsufficient tumor suppressor essential for maintaining telomerase activity, the length of telomerase and chromosome stability. This study explored the clinical significance and biological function of PinX1 in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The clinical relevance of PinX1 in ccRCC was evaluated using tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining in two independent human ccRCC cohorts. Our data demonstrated that PinX1 expression was dramatically decreased in ccRCC tissues compared with normal renal tissues and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues. Low PinX1 expression was significantly correlated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage in patients, as well as with worse overall and disease-specific survival. Cox regression analysis revealed that PinX1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC patients. Moreover, PinX1 inhibited the migration and invasion of ccRCC by suppressing MMP-2 expression and activity via NF-κB-dependent transcription in vitro. In vivo studies confirmed that PinX1 negatively regulated ccRCC metastasis and the expression of MMP-2 and NF-κB-p65. These findings indicate that PinX1 suppresses ccRCC metastasis and may serve as a ccRCC candidate clinical prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Rong Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jin Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun-Nian Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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43
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Rocchitta G, Spanu A, Babudieri S, Latte G, Madeddu G, Galleri G, Nuvoli S, Bagella P, Demartis MI, Fiore V, Manetti R, Serra PA. Enzyme Biosensors for Biomedical Applications: Strategies for Safeguarding Analytical Performances in Biological Fluids. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16060780. [PMID: 27249001 PMCID: PMC4934206 DOI: 10.3390/s16060780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-based chemical biosensors are based on biological recognition. In order to operate, the enzymes must be available to catalyze a specific biochemical reaction and be stable under the normal operating conditions of the biosensor. Design of biosensors is based on knowledge about the target analyte, as well as the complexity of the matrix in which the analyte has to be quantified. This article reviews the problems resulting from the interaction of enzyme-based amperometric biosensors with complex biological matrices containing the target analyte(s). One of the most challenging disadvantages of amperometric enzyme-based biosensor detection is signal reduction from fouling agents and interference from chemicals present in the sample matrix. This article, therefore, investigates the principles of functioning of enzymatic biosensors, their analytical performance over time and the strategies used to optimize their performance. Moreover, the composition of biological fluids as a function of their interaction with biosensing will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Rocchitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Angela Spanu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Sergio Babudieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Gavinella Latte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Giordano Madeddu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Susanna Nuvoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Paola Bagella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Maria Ilaria Demartis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Vito Fiore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Roberto Manetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Pier Andrea Serra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy.
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44
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Su T, Li J, Meng M, Zhao S, Xu Y, Ding X, Jiang H, Ma X, Qian J, Han W, Sun L, Li X, Liu Z, Pan L, Xue X. Bone marrow stromal cells induced activation of nuclear factor κB signaling protects non-Hodgkin's B lymphoma cells from apoptosis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10745-52. [PMID: 26873486 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment encompassing a variety of non-malignant cells in close proximity with malignant tumor cells has been well known to significantly affect the behavior of tumor cells. In this study, we therefore studied the mechanism of bone marrow stromal cells in protection of lymphoma cells from spontaneous apoptosis. We demonstrated that adhesion of the freshly isolated lymphoma B cells to bone marrow stromal cells or freshly isolated lymphoma stromal cells inhibited B cell spontaneous apoptosis in culture. This inhibition of apoptosis correlated with decreased cleavage of caspase-3/8 and increased activation of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition to BAFF signaling which has been reported as a functional determinant for B lymphoma cell survival in the bone marrow environment, we demonstrated RANKL from BMSCs works synergistically with BAFF to activate NF-κB signaling pathway and thus protects lymphoma B cells from spontaneous apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Su
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakai Li
- Department of Radiology of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Special Medical Treatment, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Yangfang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Ding
- Department of Special Medical Treatment, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Yangfang District, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Special Medical Treatment, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Yangfang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Ma
- Department of Special Medical Treatment, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Yangfang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Special Medical Treatment, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Yangfang District, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Special Medical Treatment, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Yangfang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinying Xue
- Department of Special Medical Treatment, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Yangfang District, Beijing, China.
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45
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Beutel B, Daniliuc CG, Riemann B, Schäfers M, Haufe G. Fluorinated matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors--Phosphonate based potential probes for positron emission tomography. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:902-9. [PMID: 26810711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can serve as lead structures for the development of (18)F-labeled radioligands. These compounds might be useful as non-invasive imaging probes to characterize pathologies associated with increased MMP activity. Results with a series of fluorinated analogs of a known biphenyl sulfonamide inhibitor have shown that fluorine can be incorporated into two different positions of the molecular scaffold without significant loss of potency in the nanomolar range. Additionally, the potential of a hitherto unknown fluorinated tertiary sulfonamide as MMP inhibitor has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Beutel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Riemann
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany; European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany; European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Transcriptional Profiling Identifies the Signaling Axes of IGF and Transforming Growth Factor-b as Involved in the Pathogenesis of Osteosarcoma. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2016; 474:178-89. [PMID: 26463566 PMCID: PMC4686509 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in adolescents associated with skeletal development. The molecular pathogenesis of osteosarcoma has not been completely determined, although many molecular alterations have been found in human osteosarcomas and cell lines. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We questioned whether (1) we could identify gene expression in osteosarcoma specimens that differs from normal osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells and (2) this would provide clues to the molecular pathogenesis of osteosarcoma? METHODS The whole-genome transcriptional profiles of osteosarcomas, including two primary biopsy specimens, two cell lines, two xenografts derived from patient specimens, and one from normal osteoblasts and from mesenchymal stem cells, respectively, were quantitatively measured using serial analysis of gene expression. A statistical enrichment was performed, which selects the common genes altered in each of the osteosarcomas compared with each of the normal counterparts independently. RESULTS Sixty (92%) of 65 total genes that were at least twofold downregulated in osteosarcoma compared with osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, could be classified in four categories: (1) seven genes in the insulin–like growth factor (IGF) signaling axis, including three of the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) and three of the IGFBPrelated proteins (IGFBPrP); (2) eight genes in the transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling cascade; (3) 39 genes encoding cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix proteins that are regulated by TGF-b/BMPs; and (4) six genes involved in cell cycle regulation, including tumor suppressors TP63 and p21. CONCLUSIONS Based on these transcriptional profiles, a coordinated theme of clustered gene deregulation in osteosarcoma has emerged. Cell proliferation driven by the IGF axes during bone growth is unrestrained owing to downregulation of IGFBPs and cell cycle regulators. Tumor cells may be maintained in an undifferentiated state secondary to impaired TGF-b/BMP signaling. This wellpreserved pattern suggests that the alterations in the signaling axes of IGF-1 and TGF-b, in concert with cell cycle regulators, may be an important pathogenic basis of osteosarcoma. CLINIC RELEVANCE: This study provides a possible molecular basis of pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. This may help to develop new therapeutic targets and strategy for this disease. Preclinical and subsequently clinical testing of inhibitors of the IGF-1 and TGF pathways would be warranted.
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Tseng C, Kolonin MG. Proteolytic Isoforms of SPARC Induce Adipose Stromal Cell Mobilization in Obesity. Stem Cells 2015; 34:174-90. [PMID: 26381424 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adipose stromal cells (ASC) are mesenchymal adipocyte progenitors that reside in the peri-endothelium of fat tissue. ASC mobilization and migration accompany white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and pathological conditions. Mechanisms regulating ASC trafficking are largely unknown. We previously reported that binding of the matricellular protein secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) to β1 integrin on ASC surface induces their motility. Here, we show that SPARC is required for ASC mobilization. We report two SPARC proteolytic isoforms, C-SPARC (lacking the N terminus) and N-SPARC (lacking the C terminus), generated in mesenteric WAT of obese mice. C-SPARC, but not N-SPARC, binds to β1 integrin on ASC, while N-SPARC preferentially binds to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and blocks ECM/integrin interaction. Interestingly, both C-SPARC and N-SPARC induce ASC deadhesion from the ECM, which is associated with modulation of integrin-dependent FAK-ERK signaling and integrin-independent ILK-Akt signaling. We show that these SPARC isoforms, acting on ASC through distinct mechanisms, have an additive effect in inducing ASC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh Tseng
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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Lei T, Ling X. IGF-1 promotes the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via the inhibition of proteasome-mediated cathepsin B degradation. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10137-10149. [PMID: 26401078 PMCID: PMC4572794 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i35.10137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of the high IGF-1 level linking diabetes and cancers, which is a risk factor.
METHODS: We used cell growth, wound healing and transwell assay to evaluate the proliferation and metastasis ability of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to assess a previously identified lysosomal protease, cathepsin B (CTSB) expression in the HCC cell lines. C57 BL/6J and KK-Ay diabetic mice are used to detect the growth and metastasis of HCC cells that were depleted with or without CTSB shRNA in vivo. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t-test.
RESULTS: IGF-1 promoted the growth and metastasis of the HCC cell lines via its ability to enhance CTSB expression in both a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. HCC cells grew much faster in diabetic KK-Ay mice than in C57 BL/6J mice. Additionally, more metastatic nodules were found in the lungs of KK-Ay mice than the lungs of C57 BL/6J mice. CTSB depletion protects against the tumor-promoting actions of IGF-1 in HCC cells, as well tumor growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. IGF-1 did not change the mRNA levels of CTSB but prolonged the half-life of cathepsin B in Hepa 1-6 and H22 cells. Our results showed that IGF-1 promotes the growth and metastasis of the HCC cells most likely by hindering CTSB degradation mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), but not autophagy. Overexpression of proteasome activator 28, a family of activators of the 20S proteasome, could not only restore IGF-1-inhibited UPS activity but also decrease IGF-1-induced CTSB accumulation.
CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that IGF-1 promotes the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibition of proteasome-mediated CTSB degradation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/secondary
- Cathepsin B/genetics
- Cathepsin B/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
- Enzyme Stability
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Proteolysis
- RNA Interference
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tumor Burden
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Thompson ML, Jimenez-Andrade JM, Chartier S, Tsai J, Burton EA, Habets G, Lin PS, West BL, Mantyh PW. Targeting cells of the myeloid lineage attenuates pain and disease progression in a prostate model of bone cancer. Pain 2015; 156:1692-1702. [PMID: 25993548 PMCID: PMC4545688 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells frequently metastasize to bone where they can generate cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) that can be difficult to fully control using available therapies. Here, we explored whether PLX3397, a high-affinity small molecular antagonist that binds to and inhibits phosphorylation of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor, the tyrosine-protein kinase c-Kit, and the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3, can reduce CIBP. These 3 targets all regulate the proliferation and function of a subset of the myeloid cells including macrophages, osteoclasts, and mast cells. Preliminary experiments show that PLX3397 attenuated inflammatory pain after formalin injection into the hind paw of the rat. As there is an inflammatory component in CIBP, involving macrophages and osteoclasts, the effect of PLX3397 was explored in a prostate model of CIBP where skeletal pain, cancer cell proliferation, tumor metastasis, and bone remodeling could be monitored in the same animal. Administration of PLX3397 was initiated on day 14 after prostate cancer cell injection when the tumor was well established, and tumor-induced bone remodeling was first evident. Over the next 6 weeks, sustained administration of PLX3397 attenuated CIBP behaviors by approximately 50% and was equally efficacious in reducing tumor cell growth, formation of new tumor colonies in bone, and pathological tumor-induced bone remodeling. Developing a better understanding of potential effects that analgesic therapies have on the tumor itself may allow the development of therapies that not only better control the pain but also positively impact disease progression and overall survival in patients with bone cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Juan Miguel Jimenez-Andrade
- Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Stephane Chartier
- Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - James Tsai
- Plexxikon, Inc., 91 Bolivar Drive, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | | | - Gaston Habets
- Plexxikon, Inc., 91 Bolivar Drive, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Paul S. Lin
- Plexxikon, Inc., 91 Bolivar Drive, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Brian L. West
- Plexxikon, Inc., 91 Bolivar Drive, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Patrick W. Mantyh
- Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Shi K, Lan RL, Tao X, Wu CY, Hong HF, Lin JH. Vitronectin significantly influences prognosis in osteosarcoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:11364-11371. [PMID: 26617861 PMCID: PMC4637677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitronectin (Vn), a multifunctional adhesive protein, is found in association with tumor progression, angiogenesis and metastasis in a variety of (human) tumors. But no studies concerning its correlation to osteosarcoma prognosis were found. Hence, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of Vitronectin (Vn) in osteosarcoma. Here, we studied the expression of VN in the tumor tissues from 67 patients with osteosarcoma and 20 patients with osteochondroma using immunohistochemistry and estimated the effects of VN expression in osteosarcoma on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using the Kaplan-Meier curve and COX proportional hazards regression model. Increased expression of VN in osteosarcoma tissue compared to no VN expression in osteochondroma tissue was shown in immunohistochemical assay. No associations were observed between VN expression and osteosarcoma patients' gender (P = 0.675), age (P = 0.813), tumor size (P = 0.436), histologic subtype (P = 0.0.543) or tumor location (P = 0.456). Univariate survival analysis demonstrated significant correlations of high VN expression with shorter PFS (P = 0.002) and OS (P = 0.001); multivariate survival analysis revealed high VN expression as a significant independent prognostic indicator for shorter PFS (HR 2.788, P = 0.003) and OS (HR2.817, P = 0.003). In conclusion, the high expression of VN in tumor cells independently indicated poor clinical prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma, other than large tumor size and non-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, suggesting that VN may serve as a potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Long Lan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Tao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Yang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Feng Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005, P. R. China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005, P. R. China
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