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Mukherjee S, Chopra A, Karmakar S, Bhat SG. Periodontitis increases the risk of gastrointestinal dysfunction: an update on the plausible pathogenic molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-31. [PMID: 38602474 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2339260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an immuno-inflammatory disease of the soft tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontitis is linked to many communicable and non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancers. The oral-systemic link between periodontal disease and systemic diseases is attributed to the spread of inflammation, microbial products and microbes to distant organ systems. Oral bacteria reach the gut via swallowed saliva, whereby they induce gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Some periodontal pathogens like Porphyromonas. gingivalis, Klebsiella, Helicobacter. Pylori, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus, Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetomcommitans and Streptococcus mutans can withstand the unfavorable acidic, survive in the gut and result in gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis increases gut inflammation, and induce dysplastic changes that lead to gut dysfunction. Various studies have linked oral bacteria, and oral-gut axis to various GIT disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, liver diseases, hepatocellular and pancreatic ductal carcinoma, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Although the correlation between periodontitis and GIT disorders is well established, the intricate molecular mechanisms by which oral microflora induce these changes have not been discussed extensively. This review comprehensively discusses the intricate and unique molecular and immunological mechanisms by which periodontal pathogens can induce gut dysbiosis and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Mukherjee
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaswata Karmakar
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Subraya Giliyar Bhat
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontology, College of Dental Surgery, Iman Abdulrahman Bin Faizal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Roth-Walter F, Berni Canani R, O'Mahony L, Peroni D, Sokolowska M, Vassilopoulou E, Venter C. Nutrition in chronic inflammatory conditions: Bypassing the mucosal block for micronutrients. Allergy 2024; 79:353-383. [PMID: 38084827 DOI: 10.1111/all.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional Immunity is one of the most ancient innate immune responses, during which the body can restrict nutrients availability to pathogens and restricts their uptake by the gut mucosa (mucosal block). Though this can be a beneficial strategy during infection, it also is associated with non-communicable diseases-where the pathogen is missing; leading to increased morbidity and mortality as micronutritional uptake and distribution in the body is hindered. Here, we discuss the acute immune response in respect to nutrients, the opposing nutritional demands of regulatory and inflammatory cells and particularly focus on some nutrients linked with inflammation such as iron, vitamins A, Bs, C, and other antioxidants. We propose that while the absorption of certain micronutrients is hindered during inflammation, the dietary lymph path remains available. As such, several clinical trials investigated the role of the lymphatic system during protein absorption, following a ketogenic diet and an increased intake of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, in reducing inflammation and ameliorating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science and ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Diego Peroni
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carina Venter
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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3
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Balan AI, Halațiu VB, Scridon A. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Link between Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:117. [PMID: 38247541 PMCID: PMC10812976 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue has long been thought to represent a passive source of triglycerides and fatty acids. However, extensive data have demonstrated that the adipose tissue is also a major endocrine organ that directly or indirectly affects the physiological functions of almost all cell types. Obesity is recognized as a risk factor for multiple systemic conditions, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, cardiovascular disorders, and many others. Obesity-related changes in the adipose tissue induce functional and structural changes in cardiac myocytes, promoting a wide range of cardiovascular disorders, including atrial fibrillation (AF). Due to the wealth of epidemiologic data linking AF to obesity, the mechanisms underlying AF occurrence in obese patients are an area of rich ongoing investigation. However, progress has been somewhat slowed by the complex phenotypes of both obesity and AF. The triad inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are critical for AF pathogenesis in the setting of obesity via multiple structural and functional proarrhythmic changes at the level of the atria. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive view of the close relationship between obesity-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of AF. The clinical implications of these mechanistic insights are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkora Ioana Balan
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Vasile Bogdan Halațiu
- Physiology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Alina Scridon
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
- Physiology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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4
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Tang YY, Wang DC, Wang YQ, Huang AF, Xu WD. Emerging role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in inflammatory autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1073971. [PMID: 36761171 PMCID: PMC9905447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1073971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a primary metabolic sensor, and is expressed in different immune cells, such as macrophage, dendritic cell, neutrophil, T cell, and non-immune cells, for instance, synovial fibroblast, and islet β cell. HIF-1α signaling regulates cellular metabolism, triggering the release of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells proliferation. It is known that microenvironment hypoxia, vascular proliferation, and impaired immunological balance are present in autoimmune diseases. To date, HIF-1α is recognized to be overexpressed in several inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and function of HIF-1α is dysregulated in these diseases. In this review, we narrate the signaling pathway of HIF-1α and the possible immunopathological roles of HIF-1α in autoimmune diseases. The collected information will provide a theoretical basis for the familiarization and development of new clinical trials and treatment based on HIF-1α and inflammatory autoimmune disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Tang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - You-Qiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Wang-Dong Xu,
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Peroni DG, Hufnagl K, Comberiati P, Roth-Walter F. Lack of iron, zinc, and vitamins as a contributor to the etiology of atopic diseases. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1032481. [PMID: 36698466 PMCID: PMC9869175 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1032481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutritional deficiencies are common in atopic children suffering from atopic dermatitis, food allergy, rhinitis, and asthma. A lack of iron, in particular, may impact immune activation with prolonged deficiencies of iron, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin D associated with a Th2 signature, maturation of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), and the generation of IgE antibodies. In contrast, the sufficiency of these micronutrients establishes immune resilience, promotion of regulatory cells, and tolerance induction. As micronutritional deficiencies mimic an infection, the body's innate response is to limit access to these nutrients and also impede their dietary uptake. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the physiological function of iron, zinc, and vitamins A and D in relation to immune cells and the clinical consequences of deficiencies in these important nutrients, especially in the perinatal period. Improved dietary uptake of iron is achieved by vitamin C, vitamin A, and whey compounds, whereas zinc bioavailability improves through citrates and proteins. The addition of oil is essential for the dietary uptake of beta-carotene and vitamin D. As for vitamin D, the major source comes via sun exposure and only a small amount is consumed via diet, which should be factored into clinical nutritional studies. We summarize the prevalence of micronutritional deficiencies of iron, zinc, and vitamins in the pediatric population as well as nutritional intervention studies on atopic diseases with whole food, food components, and micronutrients. Dietary uptake via the lymphatic route seems promising and is associated with a lower atopy risk and symptom amelioration. This review provides useful information for clinical studies and concludes/emphasizes that a healthy, varied diet containing dairy products, fish, nuts, fruits, and vegetables as well as supplementing foods or supplementation with micronutrients as needed is essential to combat the atopic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego G. Peroni
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Karin Hufnagl
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Franziska Roth-Walter, ;
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6
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Chen YL, Chen YC, Wang HT, Chang YT, Fang YN, Hsueh S, Liu WH, Lin PT, Hsu PY, Su MC, Huang KT, Lin MC. The Impact of Intermittent Hypoxemia on Left Atrial Remodeling in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020148. [PMID: 35207436 PMCID: PMC8874769 DOI: 10.3390/life12020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a significant risk factor for left atrial (LA) remodeling. Intermittent hypoxemia occurs during the sleep cycle in patients with OSAS and plays a crucial role in cardiovascular pathologies such as stroke, arrhythmia, and coronary artery disease. However, there is very little information about the role of intermittent hypoxemia in LA remodeling in patients with OSAS. In total, 154 patients with sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) were prospectively recruited for this study. All enrolled SRBD patients underwent polysomnography and echocardiography. Significant OSAS was defined as an oxygen desaturation index (ODI) of ≥10 per hour. Intermittent hypoxia/reoxygenation (IHR) stimulation was used to test the effect of hypoxia on the viability, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and inflammation-associated cytokine expression in the HL-1 cell line. To investigate the effect of patients’ exosomes on HIF-1 and inflammation-associated cytokine expression, as well as the relationship between ODI and their expression, exosomes were purified from the plasma of 95 patients with SRBD and incubated in HL-1 cells. The LA size was larger in patients with significant OSAS than in those without. There was a significant association between ODI, lowest SpO2, mean SpO2, and LA size (all p < 0.05) but not between the apnea–hypopnea index and LA size. IHR condition caused increased LDH activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and apoptosis in HL-1 cells and decreased cellular viability (all p < 0.05). The expression of HIF-1α, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β increased in the IHR condition compared with the control (all p < 0.05). The expression of HIF-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 increased in the HL-1 cells incubated with exosomes from those patients with significant OSAS than those without (all p < 0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between ODI and the expression of HIF-1α, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β; a significantly negative correlation between mean SpO2 and IL-6 and TGF-β; and a significantly negative correlation between the lowest SpO2 and HIF-1α (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, intermittent hypoxemia was strongly associated with LA remodeling, which might be through increased ROS levels, LDH activity, apoptosis, and the expression of HIF-1α and inflammation-associated cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Lung Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (Y.-N.F.); (S.H.); (W.-H.L.); (P.-T.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (H.-T.W.); (Y.-T.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (H.-T.W.); (Y.-T.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (K.-T.H.)
| | - Hui-Ting Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (H.-T.W.); (Y.-T.C.)
- Emergency Department, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (H.-T.W.); (Y.-T.C.)
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nan Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (Y.-N.F.); (S.H.); (W.-H.L.); (P.-T.L.)
| | - Shukai Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (Y.-N.F.); (S.H.); (W.-H.L.); (P.-T.L.)
| | - Wen-Hao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (Y.-N.F.); (S.H.); (W.-H.L.); (P.-T.L.)
| | - Pei-Ting Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (Y.-N.F.); (S.H.); (W.-H.L.); (P.-T.L.)
| | - Po-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (K.-T.H.)
| | - Mao-Chang Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (K.-T.H.)
| | - Kuo-Tung Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (K.-T.H.)
| | - Meng-Chih Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (H.-T.W.); (Y.-T.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (K.-T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 8300)
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Ghio AJ, Pavlisko EN, Roggli VL, Todd NW, Sangani RG. Cigarette Smoke Particle-Induced Lung Injury and Iron Homeostasis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:117-140. [PMID: 35046648 PMCID: PMC8763205 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s337354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is proposed that the mechanistic basis for non-neoplastic lung injury with cigarette smoking is a disruption of iron homeostasis in cells after exposure to cigarette smoke particle (CSP). Following the complexation and sequestration of intracellular iron by CSP, the host response (eg, inflammation, mucus production, and fibrosis) attempts to reverse a functional metal deficiency. Clinical manifestations of this response can present as respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary fibrosis. If the response is unsuccessful, the functional deficiency of iron progresses to irreversible cell death evident in emphysema and bronchiectasis. The subsequent clinical and pathological presentation is a continuum of lung injuries, which overlap and coexist with one another. Designating these non-neoplastic lung injuries after smoking as distinct disease processes fails to recognize shared relationships to each other and ultimately to CSP, as well as the common mechanistic pathway (ie, disruption of iron homeostasis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- Human Studies Facility, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
- Correspondence: Andrew J Ghio Human Studies Facility, US Environmental Protection Agency, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Email
| | | | | | - Nevins W Todd
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rahul G Sangani
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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8
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Natural and chemical compounds as protective agents against cardiac lipotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112413. [PMID: 34781144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac lipotoxicity results from the deleterious effects of excess lipid deposition in cardiomyocytes. Lipotoxic cardiomyopathy involves cardiac lipid overload leading to changes in myocardial structure and function. Cardiac dysfunction has been associated with cardiac lipotoxicity through abnormal lipid metabolism. Lipid accumulation, especially saturated free fatty acids (SFFAs), in cardiac cells can cause cardiomyocyte distress and subsequent myocardial contractile dysfunction. Reducing the excess FAs supply or promoting FA storage is beneficial for cardiac function, especially under a lipotoxic condition. The protective effects of several compounds against lipotoxicity progression in the heart have been investigated. A variety of mechanisms has been suggested to prevent or treat cardiac lipotoxicity, including improvement of calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Known targets and signaling pathways involving a select group of chemicals that interfere with cardiac lipotoxicity pathogenesis are reviewed.
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9
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Jones LM, Chen Y, van Oosten-Hawle P. Redefining proteostasis transcription factors in organismal stress responses, development, metabolism, and health. Biol Chem 2020; 401:1005-1018. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEukaryotic organisms have evolved complex and robust cellular stress response pathways to ensure maintenance of proteostasis and survival during fluctuating environmental conditions. Highly conserved stress response pathways can be triggered and coordinated at the cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous level by proteostasis transcription factors, including HSF1, SKN-1/NRF2, HIF1, and DAF-16/FOXO that combat proteotoxic stress caused by environmental challenges. While these transcription factors are often associated with a specific stress condition, they also direct “noncanonical” transcriptional programs that serve to integrate a multitude of physiological responses required for development, metabolism, and defense responses to pathogen infections. In this review, we outline the established function of these key proteostasis transcription factors at the cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous level and discuss a newly emerging stress responsive transcription factor, PQM-1, within the proteostasis network. We look beyond the canonical stress response roles of proteostasis transcription factors and highlight their function in integrating different physiological stimuli to maintain cytosolic organismal proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Jones
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yannic Chen
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Patricija van Oosten-Hawle
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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10
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Heirani-Tabasi A, Mirahmadi M, Mishan MA, Naderi-Meshkin H, Toosi S, Matin MM, Bidkhori HR, Bahrami AR. Comparison the effects of hypoxia-mimicking agents on migration-related signaling pathways in mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 21:643-653. [PMID: 32815062 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) have been designated as the promising agents for clinical applications for easy accessibility, multi-linage differentiation and immunomodulation capacity. Despite this, optimal cell delivery conditions have remained as a clinical challenge and improvement of stem cell homing to the target organs is being considered as a major strategy in cell therapy systemic injection. It has been shown that homing of mesenchymal stem cells are increased when treated with physical or chemical hypoxia-mimicking factors, however, efficiency of different agents remained to be determined. In this study, hypoxia-mimicking agents, including valproic acid (VPA), cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and deferoxamine (DFX) were examined to determine whether they are able to activate signaling molecules involved in migration of Ad-MSCs in vitro. We report that Ad-MSCs treated by DFX resulted in a significantly enhanced mRNA expression of MAPK4 (associated with MAPK signaling pathway), INPP4B (associated with Inositol polyphosphate pathway), VEGF-A and VEGF-C (associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor pathways), IL-8 and its receptor, CXCR2 (associated with IL-8 signaling pathway). While the cells treated with VPA did not show such effects and CoCl2 only upregulated VEGF-A and VEGF-C gene expression. Furthermore, results of wound-healing assays showed migration capacity of Ad-MSCs treated with DFX significantly increased 8 and 24 h of the treatment. This study provides credible evidence around DFX, which might be an effective drug for pharmacological preconditioning of Ad-MSCs to boost their homing capacity and regeneration of damaged tissues though, activation of the migration-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Heirani-Tabasi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mirahmadi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir Mishan
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Toosi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran. .,Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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MicroRNA binding site polymorphism in inflammatory genes associated with colorectal cancer: literature review and bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 27:739-753. [PMID: 32203060 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, among environmental risk factors, is one of the most important contributors to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In this way, studies revealed that the incidence of CRC in inflammatory bowel disease patients is up to 60% higher than the general population. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNA molecules, have attracted excessive attention due to their fundamental role in various aspects of cellular biology, such as inflammation by binding to the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) of pro and anti-inflammatory genes. Based on multiple previous studies, SNPs at 3'-UTR can affect miRNA recognition elements by changing the thermodynamic features and secondary structure. This effect can be categorized, based on the number of changes, into four groups, including break, decrease, create, and enhance. In this paper, we will focus on functional variants in miRNA binding sites in inflammatory genes, which can modulate the risk of CRC by both investigating previous studies, regarding miRSNPs in inflammatory genes associated with CRC and recruiting in silico prediction algorithms to report putative miRSNPs in 176 inflammatory genes. In our analysis, we achieved 110 miRSNPs in 3'-UTR of 67 genes that seem good targets for future researches.
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12
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Ali MM, Phillips SA, Mahmoud AM. HIF1α/TET1 Pathway Mediates Hypoxia-Induced Adipocytokine Promoter Hypomethylation in Human Adipocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010134. [PMID: 31935962 PMCID: PMC7016890 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the accumulation of dysfunctional adipose tissue that secretes several pro-inflammatory cytokines (adipocytokines). Recent studies have presented evidence that adipose tissues in obese individuals and animal models are hypoxic, which may result in upregulation and stabilization of the hypoxia inducible factor HIF1α. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation enable the body to respond to microenvironmental changes such as hypoxia and may represent a mechanistic link between obesity-associated hypoxia and upregulated inflammatory adipocytokines. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of hypoxia in modifying adipocytokine DNA methylation and subsequently adipocytokine expression. We suggested that this mechanism is mediated via the DNA demethylase, ten-eleven translocation-1 (TET1), transcription of which has been shown to be induced by HIF1α. To this end, we studied the effect of hypoxia (2% O2) in differentiated subcutaneous human adipocytes in the presence or absence of HIF1α stabilizer (Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), 500 μM), HIF1α inhibitor (methyl 3-[[2-[4-(2-adamantyl) phenoxy] acetyl] amino]-4-hydroxybenzoate, 30 μM), or TET1-specific siRNA. Subjecting the adipocytes to hypoxia significantly induced HIF1α and TET1 protein levels. Moreover, hypoxia induced global hydroxymethylation, reduced adipocytokine DNA promoter methylation, and induced adipocytokine expression. These effects were abolished by either HIF1α inhibitor or TET1 gene silencing. The major hypoxia-responsive adipocytokines were leptin, interleukin-1 (IL6), IL1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interferon γ (IFNγ). Overall, these data demonstrate an activation of the hydroxymethylation pathway mediated by TET1. This pathway contributes to promoter hypomethylation and gene upregulation of the inflammatory adipocytokines in adipocytes in response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Ali
- Department of Physical Therapy and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Shane A. Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Abeer M. Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-355-8099
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13
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Li S, Zhao Q, Zhang K, Sun W, Jia X, Yang Y, Yin J, Tang C, Zhang J. Se deficiency induces renal pathological changes by regulating selenoprotein expression, disrupting redox balance, and activating inflammation. Metallomics 2020; 12:1576-1584. [PMID: 32869810 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is closely associated with kidney disease, and renal injury often occurs together with hyposelenemia. This study was designed to reveal the mechanism underlying renal injury induced by Se deficiency in pigs. Twenty-four castrated male Yorkshire pigs were divided into two groups fed either a Se-deficient diet (0.007 mg Se per kg) or a Se-adequate diet (0.3 mg Se per kg). Serum and kidney samples were collected at the 16th week of the trial, processed, and analyzed for serum biochemistry, Se concentration, kidney index markers, histology, selenoprotein mRNA expression, redox status, and inflammatory cytokines. Dietary Se deficiency induced kidney injury, decreased (P < 0.05) Se concentrations, and increased (P < 0.05) kidney index and serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and carbon dioxide values. Histological analysis indicated that Se deficiency induced inflammatory lesions and renal tubular atrophy in the renal medulla. Se deficiency downregulated (P < 0.05) nine selenoprotein genes (GPX1, SELENOW, SELENOH, SELENOP, GPX3, TXNRD2, SELENOI, SELENON, and SELENOM) and upregulated (P < 0.05) SEPHS2 in the kidneys. Se deficiency decreased (P < 0.05) the activity of glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, and catalase, as well as the hydroxyl radical inhibition capacity, and increased (P < 0.05) the content of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide. Se deficiency increased (P < 0.05) the expression of the transcription factors NF-κB and HIF-1α, and regulated inflammatory cytokines. Se deficiency increased (P < 0.05) the expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, and cyclooxygenase-2, and decreased (P < 0.05) the expression of IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-β. These results indicated that Se deficiency induces kidney injury through the regulation of selenoproteins, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xueting Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Krejčová G, Danielová A, Nedbalová P, Kazek M, Strych L, Chawla G, Tennessen JM, Lieskovská J, Jindra M, Doležal T, Bajgar A. Drosophila macrophages switch to aerobic glycolysis to mount effective antibacterial defense. eLife 2019; 8:50414. [PMID: 31609200 PMCID: PMC6867711 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and cytokine production represent the front lines of resistance to bacterial invaders. A key feature of this pro-inflammatory response in mammals is the complex remodeling of cellular metabolism towards aerobic glycolysis. Although the function of bactericidal macrophages is highly conserved, the metabolic remodeling of insect macrophages remains poorly understood. Here, we used adults of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the metabolic changes that occur in macrophages during the acute and resolution phases of Streptococcus-induced sepsis. Our studies revealed that orthologs of Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are required for macrophage activation, their bactericidal function, and resistance to infection, thus documenting the conservation of this cellular response between insects and mammals. Further, we show that macrophages employing aerobic glycolysis induce changes in systemic metabolism that are necessary to meet the biosynthetic and energetic demands of their function and resistance to bacterial infection. Macrophages are the immune system's first line of defense against infection. These immune cells can be found in all tissues and organs, watching for signs of disease-causing agents and targeting them for destruction. Maintaining macrophages costs energy, so to minimize waste, these cells spend most of their lives in 'low power mode'. When macrophages sense harmful bacteria, they rapidly awaken and trigger a series of immune events that protect the body from infection. However, to perform these protective tasks macrophages need a sudden surge in energy. In mammals, activated macrophages get their energy from aerobic glycolysis – a series of chemical reactions normally reserved for low oxygen environments. Switching on this metabolic process requires a protein called hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1 α), which switches on the genes that macrophages need to generate energy as quickly as possible. Macrophages then maintain their energy supply by sending out chemical signals which divert glucose away from the rest of the body. Fruit flies are regularly used as a model system for studying human disease, as the mechanisms they use to defend themselves from infections are similar to human immune cells. However, it remains unclear whether their macrophages undergo the same metabolic changes during an infection. To address this question, Krejčová et al. isolated macrophages from fruit flies that had been infected with bacteria. Experiments studying the metabolism of these cells revealed that, just like human macrophages, they responded to bacteria by taking in more glucose and generating energy via aerobic glycolysis. The macrophages of these flies were also found to draw in energy from the rest of the body by raising blood sugar levels and depleting stores of glucose. Similar to human macrophages, these metabolic changes depended on HIF1α, and flies without this protein were unable to secure the level of energy needed to effectively fight off the bacteria. These findings suggest that this metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis is a conserved mechanism that both insects and mammals use to fight off infections. This means in the future fruit flies could be used as a model organism for studying diseases associated with macrophage mis-activation, such as chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Krejčová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Danielová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Nedbalová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michalina Kazek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Strych
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Geetanjali Chawla
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Jason M Tennessen
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Jaroslava Lieskovská
- Department of Medical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Jindra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Doležal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Bajgar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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15
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Hoyer A, Then Bergh F, Klaeske K, Lehmann S, Misfeld M, Borger M, Dieterlen MT. Custodiol-N™ cardioplegia lowers cerebral inflammation and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2019; 28:884-892. [PMID: 30668864 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivy347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardioplegic solutions induce cardiac arrest and protect cardiac tissue from ischaemia-reperfusion injury. However, the effects on the brain, which is vulnerable to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery and ischaemia-reperfusion injury, mostly remain unknown. We investigated if cardioplegic solutions differ in their effects in altered oxygen conditions and in their ability to induce cerebral inflammation. METHODS Thirty pigs were subjected to a midline sternotomy and CPB at 34°C with 90 min cardiac arrest followed by 120 min reperfusion. Following randomization on a 1:1:1 basis, they received either a single shot of histidine-tryptophan-α-ketoglutarate (HTK)-Bretschneider solution (n = 10), histidine-tryptophan-α-ketoglutarate-N (HTK-N; n = 10) or HTK plus 1.2 mg/l cyclosporine A (HTK/CsA; n = 10). Brain regions of interest (frontal cortex, cerebellum, brain stem, diencephalon, colliculus superior) were analysed by real time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β and IL-1β receptor as well as by immunohistochemical analysis for HIF-1α. Blood gas and electrolyte analyses were performed. RESULTS Comparisons between baseline and reperfusion period levels revealed that HTK-N cardioplegia induced a smaller reduction of the haemoglobin content and blood calcium concentrations (hbbaseline: 5.97 ± 0.63 mmol/l; hbreperfusion: 6.16 ± 0.66 mmol/l; P = 0.428; Cabaseline2+: 1.36 ± 0.05 mmol/l; Careperfusion2+: 1.28 ± 0.05 mmol/l; P < 0.001) compared to HTK (hbbaseline: 5.93 ± 0.45 mmol/l; hbreperfusion: 4.72 ± 0.79 mmol/l; P = 0.001; Cabaseline2+: 1.34 ± 0.07 mmol/l; Careperfusion2+: 1.24 ± 0.06 mmol/l; P = 0.004) and HTK/CsA cardioplegia (hbbaseline: 5.88 ± 0.44 mmol/l; hbreperfusion: 5.14 ± 0.87 mmol/l; P = 0.040; Cabaseline2+: 1.38 ± 0.04 mmol/l; Careperfusion2+: 1.20 ± 0.14 mmol/l; P = 0.001). Brain region-specific regulation of the HIF-1α expression, no general HIF-1α activation and a lower tumour necrosis factor-α expression (pto HTK = 0.050, pto HTK/CsA = 0.013) were documented for HTK-N cardioplegia. CONCLUSIONS HTK-N (Custodiol-N) induced fewer cerebral effects and less inflammation during CPB surgery than HTK and HTK/CsA cardioplegia. These data suggest that HTK-N exerts brain protective effects during and after CPB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Hoyer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, Helios Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kristin Klaeske
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, Helios Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Lehmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, Helios Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Misfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, Helios Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Borger
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, Helios Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Cicko S, Köhler TC, Ayata CK, Müller T, Ehrat N, Meyer A, Hossfeld M, Zech A, Di Virgilio F, Idzko M. Extracellular ATP is a danger signal activating P2X7 receptor in a LPS mediated inflammation (ARDS/ALI). Oncotarget 2018; 9:30635-30648. [PMID: 30093975 PMCID: PMC6078145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threating lung condition resulting from a direct and indirect injury to the lungs [1, 2]. Pathophysiologically it is characterized by an acute alveolar damage, an increased permeability of the microvascular-barrier, leading to protein-rich pulmonary edema and subsequent impairment of arterial oxygenation and respiratory failure [1]. This study examined the role of extracellular ATP in recruiting inflammatory cells to the lung after induction of acute lung injury with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the precise mechanism is poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the functional role of the P2X7 receptor in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS/ acute lung injury (ALI)) in vitro and in vivo. We show that intratracheally applied LPS causes an acute accumulation of ATP in the BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage) and lungs of mice. Prophylactic and therapeutic inhibition of P2X7R signalling by a specific antagonist and knock-out experiments was able to ameliorate the inflammatory response demonstrated by reduced ATP-levels, number of neutrophils and concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the BALF. Experiments with chimeric mice showed that P2X7R expression on immune cells was responsible for the observed effect. Consistently, the inflammatory response is diminished only by a cell-type specific knockdown of P2X7 receptor on non-stationary immune cells. Since the results of BALF from patients with acute ARDS or pneumonia simulated the in vivo data after LPS exposure, the P2X7 receptor may be a new therapeutic target for treatment in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS/ALI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Cicko
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Cemil Korcan Ayata
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Pneumology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ehrat
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Meyer
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Madelon Hossfeld
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zech
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Idzko
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Itaya N, Yabe Y, Hagiwara Y, Kanazawa K, Koide M, Sekiguchi T, Yoshida S, Sogi Y, Yano T, Tsuchiya M, Saijo Y, Itoi E. Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound for Preventing Joint Stiffness in Immobilized Knee Model in Rats. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:1244-1256. [PMID: 29573888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in preventing joint stiffness. Unilateral knee joints were immobilized in two groups of rats (n = 6/period/group). Under general anesthesia, the immobilized knee joints were exposed to LIPUS for 20 min/d, 5 d/wk, using an existing LIPUS device (LIPUS group, 1.5-MHz frequency, 1.0-kHz repetition cycle, 200-µs burst width and 30-mW/cm2 power output) until endpoints (2, 4 or 6 wk). In the control group, general anesthesia alone was administered in the same manner as in the other group. The variables compared between the groups included joint angles; histologic, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses; quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions; and tissue elasticity. LIPUS had a preventive effect on joint stiffness, resulting in decreased adhesion, fibrosis and inflammation and hypoxic response after joint immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Itaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutake Yabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kanazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masashi Koide
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Izumi-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichirou Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Sogi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Yano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihumi Saijo
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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18
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Kim HY, Jeong HJ, Kim HM. Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 on experimental allergic rhinitis models. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:34-43. [PMID: 29856968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The anti-cancer agent ABT-737 is designed specifically to inhibit anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family. The development of cancer has long been associated with inflammation. Here, we assess the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of ABT-737 on allergic rhinitis (AR) using in vitro and in vivo models. In the in vitro model, the ABT-737 treatment diminished the levels of several inflammatory cytokines in this case vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by inhibiting caspase-1 and NF-κB activation in an activated human mast cell line, here HMC-1 cells. These mechanistic observations were validated in ovalbumin-sensitized AR mice. In an AR animal model, ABT-737 significantly diminished clinical symptoms of AR and the levels of AR biomarkers, specifically IgE, histamine, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, VEGF, TSLP, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-α, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2. In addition, ABT-737 reduced the degree of caspase-1 activity compared to that in AR mice. Simultaneously, ABT-737 diminished the recruitment of mast cells and eosinophils into nasal mucosa tissues compared to the levels in AR mice. In conclusion, we identified new anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of ABT-737. These results imply that ABT-737 can ameliorate allergic inflammatory diseases such as AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Food Science & Technology and Research Institute for Basic Science, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 31499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Krzywinska E, Stockmann C. Hypoxia, Metabolism and Immune Cell Function. Biomedicines 2018; 6:E56. [PMID: 29762526 PMCID: PMC6027519 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of inflamed, infected or damaged tissue, and the adaptation to inadequate tissue oxygenation is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIFs are key mediators of the cellular response to hypoxia, but they are also associated with pathological stress such as inflammation, bacteriological infection or cancer. In addition, HIFs are central regulators of many innate and adaptive immunological functions, including migration, antigen presentation, production of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides, phagocytosis as well as cellular metabolic reprogramming. A characteristic feature of immune cells is their ability to infiltrate and operate in tissues with low level of nutrients and oxygen. The objective of this article is to discuss the role of HIFs in the function of innate and adaptive immune cells in hypoxia, with a focus on how hypoxia modulates immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Krzywinska
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Unit 970, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Christian Stockmann
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Unit 970, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Jeong HJ, Kim HY, Kim HM. Molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effect of chrysophanol, an active component of AST2017-01 on atopic dermatitis in vitro models. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 54:238-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Shukla R, Pandey N, Banerjee S, Tripathi YB. Effect of extract of Pueraria tuberosa on expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in kidney of diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [PMID: 28648975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Kidney hypoxia represents a unifying mechanism in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1α mediates the metabolic responses of renal hypoxia by modulating the expression of VEGF. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Pueraria tuberosa extract (PTY-2r) on the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and nephrin in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS The model of diabetic nephropathy (DN) was produced by intraperitoneal injection of 55mg/kg of STZ and maintained for 60days. These DN-rats were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., DN, DN+PTY-2r (100mg/100g), and DN+PTY-2r (50mg/100g). A normal control (NC) group was administrated with drug vehicle. Expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and nephrin were evaluated in the renal tissue. RESULTS Blood glucose, urine protein, serum creatinine, and urea, level were significantly raised along with decreased creatinine clearance in DN rats. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis showed significantly increased expression of HIF-1α & VEGF and decreased expression of nephrin in DN control rats. The PTY-2r treatment significantly reversed these changes in a dose-dependent manner. Correlation analysis showed that the expression of VEGF was positively correlated with that of HIF-1α and negatively correlated with nephrin. CONCLUSIONS The PTY-2r can improve the chronic hyperglycemic condition induced kidney damage, and may delay the development of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF, thereby restoring the expression of nephrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Shukla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nidhi Pandey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Somanshu Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Yamini B Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Nam SY, Han NR, Yoon KW, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), an anticancer agent, exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in activated human mast cells. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:871-879. [PMID: 28616734 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation has been closely associated with the development and progression of cancer. Previously, we reported that mast cells play a critical role in tumor growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of an anticancer agent, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), on an activated human mast cell line, in this case HMC-1 cells. METHODS We evaluated the effect and specific molecular mechanism of Dp44mT on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI) using HMC-1 cells. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that Dp44mT significantly decreased the protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor without exposing activated HMC-1 cells to any cytotoxicity. In activated mast cells, Dp44mT mitigated the strong production and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, in this case, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, through a blockade of caspase-1 and nuclear factor-κB activities. Furthermore, phosphorylations of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family included in inflammatory signaling cascades were significantly inhibited by a Dp44mT treatment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicate that the anticancer agent Dp44mT has an anti-inflammatory effect and may be of therapeutic importance for the treatment of mast cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Wan Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, Hoseo University, 20, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hoseo University, 20, Asan, Republic of Korea.
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Möllerherm H, Branitzki-Heinemann K, Brogden G, Elamin AA, Oehlmann W, Fuhrmann H, Singh M, Naim HY, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Hypoxia Modulates the Response of Mast Cells to Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:541. [PMID: 28553287 PMCID: PMC5425595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the antimicrobial function of immune cells ex vivo, cells are commonly cultivated under atmospheric oxygen concentrations (20–21%; normoxia), although the physiological oxygen conditions in vivo are significantly lower in most tissues. Especially during an acute infection, oxygen concentration locally decreases to hypoxic levels around or below 1%. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the activity of mast cells (MCs). MCs were cultivated for 3 or 24 h at 1% O2 in a hypoxia glove box and co-incubated with heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus. When incubating the cells for 24 h under hypoxia, the transcriptional regulator hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was stabilized and resulted in increased extracellular trap formation and decreased phagocytosis. Interestingly, while phagocytosis of fluorescent S. aureus bioparticles as well as the release of extracellular traps remained unaffected at 3 h hypoxia, the secretion of the prestored mediator histamine was increased under hypoxia alone. In contrast, the release of TNF-α was generally reduced at 3 h hypoxia. Microarray transcriptome analysis revealed 13 genes that were significantly downregulated in MCs comparing 3 h hypoxia versus normoxia. One interesting candidate is sec24, a member of the pre-budding complex of coat protein complex II (COPII), which is responsible for the anterograde transport of proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. These data lead to the suggestion that de novo synthesized proteins including crucial factors, which are involved in the response to an acute infection like TNF-α, may eventually be retained in the ER under hypoxia. Importantly, the expression of HIF-1α was not altered at 3 h. Thus, our data exhibit a HIF-1α-independent reaction of MCs to short-term hypoxia. We hypothesize that MCs respond to short-term low oxygen levels in a HIF-1α-independent manner by downregulating the release of proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, thereby avoiding uncontrolled degranulation, which could lead to excessive inflammation and severe tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Möllerherm
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katja Branitzki-Heinemann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Wulf Oehlmann
- LIONEX Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Herbert Fuhrmann
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mahavir Singh
- LIONEX Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Kim HY, Nam SY, Hwang SY, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Atractylone, an active constituent of KMP6, attenuates allergic inflammation on allergic rhinitis in vitro and in vivo models. Mol Immunol 2016; 78:121-132. [PMID: 27636508 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
KMP6 (Pyeongwee-San) is a Korean Medicine used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. Recently, we reported KMP6 had beneficial effects on allergic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of atractylone (Atr), a constituent of KMP6, on allergic rhinitis (AR) and to identify the mechanism responsible for these effects. The anti-allergic inflammatory effects of Atr were evaluated on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-stimulated human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells and in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR animal model using Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry methods. In HMC-1 cells, Atr and KMP6 attenuated PMACI-caused proinflammatory cytokine production and mRNA expression. We found that PMACI induced caspase-1/nuclear factor (NF)-κB/mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation. PMACI-caused caspase-1/NF-κB/MAPKs activations were attenuated by Atr and KMP6. In AR animal model, Atr and KMP6 reduced AR clinical symptoms and biomarkers including rub scores, total IgE, histamine, prostaglandin D2, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2. In addition, Atr and KMP6 attenuated eosinophils and mast cells invasions into nasal mucosa tissues and diminished mast cell-derived caspase-1 activation. These results indicate that Atr is an active constituent of KMP6 and a potential therapeutic agent for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yeoun Hwang
- Korea Bio Medical Science Institute, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06106, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Food Technology and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam, 31499, Republic of Korea.
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Cao J, Li G, Wang M, Li H, Han Z. Protective effect of oleanolic acid on oxidized-low density lipoprotein induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Biosci Trends 2016; 9:315-24. [PMID: 26559024 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2015.01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, OA) is a naturally-occurring triterpenoid with various promising pharmacological properties. The present study was conducted to determine the protective effects of OA against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced endothelial cell apoptosis and the possible underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that ox-LDL significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). OA in the co-treatment showed a protective effect against ox-LDL induced loss in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis, which was associated with the modulating effect of OA on ox-LDL induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) expression. Moreover, our results showed that the modulating effect of OA against ox-LDL induced HIF-1α expression was obtained via inhibition of lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Collectively, we suggested that the protective effect of OA against ox-LDL induced HUVEC apoptosis might, at least in part, be obtained via inhibition of the LOX-1/ROS/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third People's Hospital of Qingdao
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26
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Tao JQ, Sorokina EM, Vazquez Medina JP, Mishra MK, Yamada Y, Satalin J, Nieman GF, Nellen JR, Beduhn B, Cantu E, Habashi NM, Jungraithmayr W, Christie JD, Chatterjee S. Onset of Inflammation With Ischemia: Implications for Donor Lung Preservation and Transplant Survival. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2598-611. [PMID: 26998598 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lungs stored ahead of transplant surgery experience ischemia. Pulmonary ischemia differs from ischemia in the systemic organs in that stop of blood flow in the lung leads to loss of shear alone because the lung parenchyma does not rely on blood flow for its cellular oxygen requirements. Our earlier studies on the ischemia-induced mechanosignaling cascade showed that the pulmonary endothelium responds to stop of flow by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We hypothesized that ROS produced in this way led to induction of proinflammatory mediators. In this study, we used lungs or cells subjected to various periods of storage and evaluated the induction of several proinflammatory mediators. Isolated murine, porcine and human lungs in situ showed increased expression of cellular adhesion molecules; the damage-associated molecular pattern protein high-mobility group box 1 and the corresponding pattern recognition receptor, called the receptor for advanced glycation end products; and induction stabilization and translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and its downstream effector VEGFA, all of which are participants in inflammation. We concluded that signaling with lung preservation drives expression of inflammatory mediators that potentially predispose the donor lung to an inflammatory response after transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Q Tao
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E M Sorokina
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J P Vazquez Medina
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M K Mishra
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Y Yamada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Satalin
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - G F Nieman
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - J R Nellen
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - B Beduhn
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E Cantu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - N M Habashi
- Surgical Critical Care, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - W Jungraithmayr
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J D Christie
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S Chatterjee
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygenation during DSS-Induced Colitis in BALB/c Mice Include Changes in Gene Expression of HIF-1α, Proinflammatory Cytokines, and Antioxidative Enzymes. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7141430. [PMID: 27656047 PMCID: PMC5021505 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7141430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species have an indispensable role in regulating cell signalling pathways, including transcriptional control via hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Hyperbaric oxygenation treatment (HBO2) increases tissue oxygen content and leads to enhanced ROS production. In the present study DSS-induced colitis has been employed in BALB/c mice as an experimental model of gut mucosa inflammation to investigate the effects of HBO2 on HIF-1α, antioxidative enzyme, and proinflammatory cytokine genes during the colonic inflammation. Here we report that HBO2 significantly reduces severity of DSS-induced colitis, as evidenced by the clinical features, histological assessment, impaired immune cell expansion and mobilization, and reversal of IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 gene expression. Gene expression and antioxidative enzyme activity were changed by the HBO2 and the inflammatory microenvironment in the gut mucosa. Strong correlation of HIF-1α mRNA level to GPx1, SOD1, and IL-6 mRNA expression suggests involvement of HIF-1α in transcriptional regulation of these genes during colonic inflammation and HBO2. This is further confirmed by a strong correlation of HIF-1α with known target genes VEGF and PGK1. Results demonstrate that HBO2 has an anti-inflammatory effect in DSS-induced colitis in mice, and this effect is at least partly dependent on expression of HIF-1α and antioxidative genes.
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28
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Kim HY, Han NR, Kim NR, Lee M, Kim J, Kim CJ, Jeong HJ, Kim HM. Effect of fermented porcine placenta on physical fatigue in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1985-1996. [PMID: 27439540 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216659945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatigue spreads among the people who live under stressful life and brings about a negative impact on physical function. Here we evaluated the anti-fatigue effects of fermented porcine placenta (FPP) and main constituents, lysine (Lys) and leucine (Leu) with treadmill stress test and forced swimming test (FST) in animal models. The mice were administrated with FPP, Lys, and Leu for 21 days. After treadmill exercise, FPP, Lys, and Leu significantly reduced fatigue-related biochemical parameters, including lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, creatine kinase, urea nitrogen, cortisol, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas superoxide dismutase activity and glycogen levels were significantly increased by FPP, Lys, and Leu. In the FST, FPP, Lys, and Leu significantly decreased immobility times and up-regulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in brain. Furthermore, FPP, Lys, and Leu significantly decreased production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-4 through blockade of caspase-1/nuclear factor-κB pathway in stimulated splenocytes. In addition, FPP, Lys, and Leu significantly promoted proliferation of splenocytes. In conclusion, these findings suggest the potential of FPP as a novel functional food for the regulation of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Lee
- LG Household & Healthcare Research Park, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbae Kim
- LG Household & Healthcare Research Park, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Food Technology and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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XU CHUNMEI, DONG WEIGUO. Role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in pathogenesis and disease evaluation of ulcerative colitis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1330-1334. [PMID: 27073444 PMCID: PMC4812492 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to measure hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in serum and colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and to analyze its role in the pathogenesis, disease activity and severity of UC. A total of 47 UC patients and 13 UC in remission patients were recruited for the present study. Ten healthy subjects were also included to serve as controls. HIF-1α in the serum was measured using ELISA. The citrate-microwave-SP immunohistochemical method was used to measure the expression of HIF-1α in colonic mucosa. The results showed that, HIF-1α in serum was notably higher in UC patients (73.21±28.65) than UC in remission patients (44.54±14.75) and controls (42.83±15.49). The difference between UC patients and UC in remission patients was significant (P<0.05). A correlation analysis revealed that, the HIF-1α level in serum was positively associated with disease activity, disease severity and endoscopic grade. The expression of HIF-1α in colonic mucosa of UC patients was (58.05±13.83) higher than that in UC in remission patients (3.00±2.72) and controls (3.04±2.69) and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). A positive correlation was identified between the expression of HIF-1α in colonic mucosa and the disease activity, severity and endoscopic grade. Thus, the present findings indicated that, HIF-1α is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of UC and may serve as a biomarker to evaluate disease activity and severity in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHUNMEI XU
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - WEIGUO DONG
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Baudiß K, de Paula Vieira R, Cicko S, Ayata K, Hossfeld M, Ehrat N, Gómez-Muñoz A, Eltzschig HK, Idzko M. C1P Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Preventing NF-κB Activation in Neutrophils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2319-26. [PMID: 26800872 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) has been shown to modulate acute inflammatory events. Acute lung injury (Arnalich et al. 2000. Infect. Immun. 68: 1942-1945) is characterized by rapid alveolar injury, lung inflammation, induced cytokine production, neutrophil accumulation, and vascular leakage leading to lung edema. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of C1P during LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. To evaluate the effect of C1P, we used a prophylactic and therapeutic LPS-induced ALI model in C57BL/6 male mice. Our studies revealed that intrapulmonary application of C1P before (prophylactic) or 24 h after (therapeutic) LPS instillation decreased neutrophil trafficking to the lung, proinflammatory cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage, and alveolar capillary leakage. Mechanistically, C1P inhibited the LPS-triggered NF-κB levels in lung tissue in vivo. In addition, ex vivo experiments revealed that C1P also attenuates LPS-induced NF-κB phosphorylation and IL-8 production in human neutrophils. These results indicate C1P playing a role in dampening LPS-induced acute lung inflammation and suggest that C1P could be a valuable candidate for treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Baudiß
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sanja Cicko
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Korcan Ayata
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Madelon Hossfeld
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ehrat
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Gómez-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; and
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Marco Idzko
- Department of Pneumology, COPD and Asthma Research Group, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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Kim HY, Ko KJ, Nam SY, Jeong HJ, Kim HM. The Sound of a Buk (Korean Traditional Drum) Attenuates Anaphylactic Reactions by the Activation of Estrogen Receptor-β. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 167:242-9. [PMID: 26418257 DOI: 10.1159/000439567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaphylaxis is associated with systemic vasodilation that causes low blood pressure and induces hypoxic brain damage. The sound of a Buk (Korean traditional drum) is similar to the human heart beat and affects blood pressure, heart rate, and the nervous system by increasing physiological excitation and sympathetic nervous system activity. So, this study focused on the effect of Buk music as a means of treating anaphylaxis. METHODS Mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80 (6.5 mg/kg, a mast cell degranulator). After compound 48/80 injection, mice were exposed to Buk music and white noise for 5 min in a sound isolation booth. The mortality rate was checked over the next 40 min. Levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the serum and brain tissues were analyzed by Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and ELISA methods. RESULTS Exposure to Buk music significantly reduced compound 48/80-induced mortality and histamine release, as well as HIF-1α and VEGF levels compared with the compound 48/80 group or compound 48/80 and white noise group. Buk music also reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, and significantly increased estrogen receptor-β mRNA levels. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Buk music has potential for the treatment of anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Acteoside attenuates TSLP-induced mast cell proliferation via down-regulating MDM2. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Nam SY, Chung CK, Seo JH, Rah SY, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. The therapeutic efficacy of α-pinene in an experimental mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:273-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kim MH, Seo JH, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Zinc oxide nanoparticles, a novel candidate for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 738:31-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lu Y, Jeong YT, Li X, Kim MJ, Park PH, Hwang SL, Son JK, Chang HW. Emodin Isolated from Polygoni cuspidati Radix Inhibits TNF-α and IL-6 Release by Blockading NF-κB and MAP Kinase Pathways in Mast Cells Stimulated with PMA Plus A23187. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 21:435-41. [PMID: 24404333 PMCID: PMC3879914 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative isolated from Polygoni cuspidati radix, has several beneficial pharmacologic effects, which include anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the authors examined the effect of emodin on the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus the calcium ionophore A23187. To investigate the mechanism responsible for the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production by emodin, the authors assessed its effects on the activations of transcriptional factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Emodin attenuated the nuclear translocation of (NF)-κB p65 and its DNA-binding activity by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα and the phosphorylation of IκB kinase B (IKK). Furthermore, emodin dose-dependently attenuated the phosphorylations of MAPKs, such as, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAP kinase, and the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK)/c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of emodin on PMA plus A23187-stimulated BMMCs are mediated via the inhibition of NF-κB activation and of the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China, College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea ; College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Xian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Lark Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Keun Son
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Wook Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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Kiani AA, Abdi J, Halabian R, Roudkenar MH, Amirizadeh N, Soleiman Soltanpour M, Kazemi A. Over expression of HIF-1α in human mesenchymal stem cells increases their supportive functions for hematopoietic stem cells in an experimental co-culture model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:85-98. [PMID: 23710560 DOI: 10.1179/1607845413y.0000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow transplantation is a critical approach for the treatment of many hematological disorders. Success of this approach is dependent on many factors the most important of which is the number of hematopoietic stem cells along with an efficient stroma. Co-transplantation of efficient mesenchymal stem cells can greatly improve the outcome of transplantations. Current researches assign a critical role for hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α in protection of various cells and tissues probably through induction of cytokines. To make this feature applicable to human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, we manipulated these cells to over express HIF-1α gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS Full-length cDNA of human HIF-1α was inserted into human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by pcDNA.3.1 non-viral plasmid vector, and the effect of this over expression on production of some hematopoietic growth factors was explored. Moreover, using a co-culture system, the interactive impact of HIF-1α-overexpressed mesenchymal stem cells on hematopoietic stem cells was evaluated. Results Over expression of HIF-1α in mesenchymal stem cells in normoxia increased production of one of the most important hematopoietic growth factors, Stem cell factor (also known as Steel factor or c-kit ligand). HIF-1α overexpression had no effect on production of other hematopoietic growth factors. In co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells-HIF-1α with hematopoietic stem cells, enhancement of colony formation and reduced differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells were observed. Conclusion Over expression of HIF-1α in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells can augment the production of some hematopoietic growth factors, and we suggest this response of mesenchymal stem cells could help to improve the outcome of bone marrow transplantation.
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Leire E, Olson J, Isaacs H, Nizet V, Hollands A. Role of hypoxia inducible factor-1 in keratinocyte inflammatory response and neutrophil recruitment. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2013; 10:28. [PMID: 23937964 PMCID: PMC3751314 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-10-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a major regulator of the cellular adaption to low oxygen stress and the innate immune function of myeloid cells. Treatment with the novel HIF-1 stabilizing drug AKB-4924 has been shown to enhance the bactericidal activity of keratinocytes as well as phagocytic cells. In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of pharmacological boosting of HIF-1 with AKB-4924 in keratinocytes and their contribution to the innate immune response. FINDINGS Treatment with the novel HIF-1 stabilizing drug AKB-4924 can increase keratinocyte production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and enhance neutrophil recruitment in vivo. CONCLUSIONS HIF plays an important role in cytokine production by keratinocytes and in neutrophil recruitment to the skin. The HIF-boosting drug AKB-4924 has the potential to enhance the immune response even in the complex environment of bacterial skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Leire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Desferrioxamine reduces oxidative stress in the lung contusion. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:376959. [PMID: 23983631 PMCID: PMC3747399 DOI: 10.1155/2013/376959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our hypothesis in this study is that desferrioxamine (DFX) has therapeutic effects on experimental lung contusions in rats. The rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): control, control+DFX, contusion, and contusion+DFX. In the control+DFX and contusion+DFX groups, 100 mg/kg DFX was given intraperitoneally once a day just after the contusion and the day after the contusion. Contusions led to a meaningful rise in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in lung tissue. MDA levels in the contusion+DFX group experienced a significant decline. Glutathione levels were significantly lower in the contusion group than in the control group and significantly higher in the contusion+DFX group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the contusion group were significantly lower than those in the control group. In the contusion+DFX group, SOD and GPx levels were significantly higher than those in the contusion group. In light microscopic evaluation, the contusion and contusion+DFX groups showed edema, hemorrhage, alveolar destruction, and leukocyte infiltration. However, histological scoring of the contusion+DFX group was significantly more positive than that of the contusion group. The iNOS staining in the contusion group was significantly more intensive than that in all other groups. DFX reduced iNOS staining significantly in comparison to the contusion group. This study showed that DFX reduced oxidative stress in lung contusions in rats and histopathologically ensured the recovery of the lung tissue.
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Gallo PM, Gallucci S. The dendritic cell response to classic, emerging, and homeostatic danger signals. Implications for autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2013; 4:138. [PMID: 23772226 PMCID: PMC3677085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate and control immune responses, participate in the maintenance of immunological tolerance and are pivotal players in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. In patients with autoimmune disease and in experimental animal models of autoimmunity, DCs show abnormalities in both numbers and activation state, expressing immunogenic levels of costimulatory molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Exogenous and endogenous danger signals activate DCs to stimulate the immune response. Classic endogenous danger signals are released, activated, or secreted by host cells and tissues experiencing stress, damage, and non-physiologic cell death; and are therefore referred to as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Some DAMPs are released from cells, where they are normally sequestered, during necrosis (e.g., heat shock proteins, uric acid, ATP, HMGB1, mitochondria-derived molecules). Others are actively secreted, like Type I Interferons. Here we discuss important DAMPs in the context of autoimmunity. For some, there is a clear pathogenic link (e.g., nucleic acids and lupus). For others, there is less evidence. Additionally, we explore emerging danger signals. These include inorganic materials and man-made technologies (e.g., nanomaterials) developed as novel therapeutic approaches. Some nanomaterials can activate DCs and may trigger unintended inflammatory responses. Finally, we will review “homeostatic danger signals,” danger signals that do not derive directly from pathogens or dying cells but are associated with perturbations of tissue/cell homeostasis and may signal pathological stress. These signals, like acidosis, hypoxia, and changes in osmolarity, also play a role in inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Gallo
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple Autoimmunity Center, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA , USA
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Yabe Y, Hagiwara Y, Suda H, Ando A, Onoda Y, Tsuchiya M, Hatori K, Itoi E. Joint immobilization induced hypoxic and inflammatory conditions in rat knee joints. Connect Tissue Res 2013; 54:210-7. [PMID: 23496380 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2013.786056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the hypoxic and inflammatory conditions after immobilization in the joint capsule of rat knees. The unilateral knee joints of adult male rats were immobilized with an internal fixator (Im group) for 1 day, 3 days, and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Sham-operated animals had holes drilled in the femur and tibia and screws inserted without a plate (control group). The number of cells and blood vessels in the capsule were histologically examined. The hypoxic condition in the capsule was histologically examined with a Hypoxyprobe™-1. The gene expressions related to the hypoxic (hypoxia inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor 2) and inflammatory conditions [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1α, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and tumor necrosis factor-β] were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The number of cells was unchanged at 1 day in the two groups; however, the number significantly increased at 3 days in the Im group. The number of blood vessels in the Im group gradually decreased. Strong immunostaining of Hypoxyprobe™-1 around the blood vessels was observed in the Im group. The gene expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and fibroblast growth factor 2 were significantly higher in the Im group compared with those in the control group. The gene expressions of IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-β were significantly higher in the Im group compared with those in the control group. These data indicated that joint immobilization induced hypoxic and inflammatory conditions in the joint capsule, which might be an initiating factor for joint contracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Klose A, Zigrino P, Mauch C. Monocyte/Macrophage MMP-14 Modulates Cell Infiltration and T-Cell Attraction in Contact Dermatitis But Not in Murine Wound Healing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:755-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Jeong HJ, Oh HA, Nam SY, Han NR, Kim YS, Kim JH, Lee SJ, Kim MH, Moon PD, Kim HM, Oh HA. The critical role of mast cell-derived hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in human and mice melanoma growth. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2492-501. [PMID: 23161568 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells play an important role in tumorigenesis. Histamine released from mast cells stimulates new vessel formation by acting through the histamine1 (H1) receptor. Despite the evidence of the role of mast cells in tumor growth and angiogenesis, the potential mechanism remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the role of mast cell-derived HIF-1α in melanoma growth. Here, we identify that the most positive cells for HIF-1α staining are seen in mast cells of human and animal melanoma tissue. The number of the stromal cell types (fibroblasts, macrophages and endothelial cells) was also increased in melanoma tissues. In activated bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs), expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF were increased. Histamine also induced the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in BMMCs. H1 receptor antagonists significantly improved overall survival rates and substantially suppressed tumor growth as well as the infiltration of mast cells and levels of VEGF through the inhibition of HIF-1α expression in B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice. Furthermore, the injection of HIF-1α depleted BMMCs markedly inhibited the growth of tumors and migration of mast cells and increased the survival rate of the mice. These findings emphasize that the growth of melanoma can actually be exacerbated by mast cell-derived HIF-1α. In aggregate, our results reveal a novel role for mast cell-derived HIF-1α in the melanoma microenvironment and have important implications for the design of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Biochip Research Center, Hoseo University, 165, Sechul-ri, Baebang-myun, Asan, Chungnam 336-795, Republic of Korea
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A novel role for the transcription factor HIF-1α in the formation of mast cell extracellular traps. Biochem J 2012; 446:159-63. [PMID: 22738198 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MCs (mast cells) are critical components of the host innate immune defence against bacterial pathogens, providing a variety of intra- and extra-cellular antimicrobial functions. In the present study we show, for the first time, that the transcriptional regulator HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) mediates the extracellular antimicrobial activity of human and murine MCs by increasing the formation of MCETs (MC extracellular traps).
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Iron supplementation decreases severity of allergic inflammation in murine lung. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45667. [PMID: 23029172 PMCID: PMC3447873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and severity of allergic asthma have increased over the last century, particularly in the United States and other developed countries. This time frame was characterized by marked environmental changes, including enhanced hygiene, decreased pathogen exposure, increased exposure to inhaled pollutants, and changes in diet. Although iron is well-known to participate in critical biologic processes such as oxygen transport, energy generation, and host defense, iron deficiency remains common in the United States and world-wide. The purpose of these studies was to determine how dietary iron supplementation affected the severity of allergic inflammation in the lungs, using a classic model of IgE-mediated allergy in mice. Results showed that mice fed an iron-supplemented diet had markedly decreased allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity, eosinophil infiltration, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, compared with control mice on an unsupplemented diet that generated mild iron deficiency but not anemia. In vitro, iron supplementation decreased mast cell granule content, IgE-triggered degranulation, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines post-degranulation. Taken together, these studies show that iron supplementation can decrease the severity of allergic inflammation in the lung, potentially via multiple mechanisms that affect mast cell activity. Further studies are indicated to determine the potential of iron supplementation to modulate the clinical severity of allergic diseases in humans.
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Angelicae Gigantis Radix regulates mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2987-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wataha JC. Predicting clinical biological responses to dental materials. Dent Mater 2012; 28:23-40. [PMID: 22192249 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.08.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methods used to measure and predict clinical biological responses to dental materials remain controversial, confusing, and to some extent, unsuccessful. The current paper reviews significant issues surrounding how we assess the biological safety of materials, with a historical summary and critical look at the biocompatibility literature. The review frames these issues from a U.S. perspective to some degree, but emphasizes their global nature and universal importance. METHODS The PubMed database and information from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, International Standards Organization, and American National Standards Institute were searched for prominent literature addressing the definition of biocompatibility, types of biological tests employed, regulatory and standardization issues, and how biological tests are used together to establish the biological safety of materials. The search encompassed articles published in English from approximately 1965-2011. The review does not comprehensively review the literature, but highlights significant issues that confront the field. RESULTS Years ago, tests for biological safety sought to establish material inertness as the measure of safety, a criterion that is now deemed naive; the definition of biocompatibility has broadened along with the roles for materials in patient oral health care. Controversies persist about how in vitro or animal tests should be used to evaluate the biological safety of materials for clinical use. Controlled clinical trials remain the single best measure of the clinical response to materials, but even these tests have significant limitations and are less useful to identify mechanisms that shape material performance. Practice-based research networks and practitioner databases are emerging as important supplements to controlled clinical trials, but their final utility remains to be determined. SIGNIFICANCE Today we ask materials to play increasingly sophisticated structural and therapeutic roles in patient treatment. To accommodate these roles, strategies to assess, predict, and monitor material safety need to evolve. This evolution will be driven not only by researchers and manufacturers, but also by patients and practitioners, who want to use novel materials in new ways to treat oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Wataha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, United States.
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Koo HN, Jeong HJ, Choi IY, An HJ, Moon PD, Kim SJ, Jee SY, Um JY, Hong SH, Shin SS, Yang DC, Seo YS, Kim HM. Mountain Grown Ginseng Induces Apoptosis in HL-60 Cells and Its Mechanism Have Little Relation with TNF-α Production. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 35:169-82. [PMID: 17265560 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07004710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The root of ginseng is one of the most popular natural tonics in Oriental countries. Ginseng grown in the wild, deep in the mountains, is known as Sansam (mountain grown ginseng, MGG). MGG belongs to Araliaceae and Panax. In this study, we investigated the effects of MGG on the cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis and the putative pathways of its actions in human promyelocytic leukemia cells, HL-60. Using apoptosis analysis, we found that MGG is a potent inducer of apoptosis, but it has less effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Caspase-3 activation and subsequent apoptotic cell death in MGG-treated cells were partially blocked by the caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK. MGG also inhibited the caspase-8 activity. To determine whether MGG-induced apoptosis is involved in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion, TNF-α secretion was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Unexpectedly, MGG significantly decreased the TNF-α secretion compared to the control. These results suggest that MGG-induced cytotoxicity have little relation with the secretion of TNF-α in HL-60 cells. Furthermore, MGG with rIFN-γ synergistically increased nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Taken together, our data indicate that MGG is a potent inducer of apoptosis on HL-60 cells and these abilities could be used clinically for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Na Koo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhu J, Sun L, Lin S, Zhao R, Zhou L, Fang D, Chen L, Liu J, Shi W, Zhang L, Yuan S. BlyS is up-regulated by hypoxia and promotes migration of human breast cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2012; 31:31. [PMID: 22463935 PMCID: PMC3349571 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of B Lymphocyte Stimulator (BLyS) in the survival of malignant B cells and the maintenance of normal B cell development and homeostasis has been intensively studied in the literature. However, the influence of BLyS on breast cancer progression remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the effect of hypoxia on BLyS regulation, cell migratory response to BLyS and the possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS In this study, we examined the role of BLyS in the migration of human breast cancer cells by transwell assay. We also explored whether BLyS and its receptors expressed in human breast cancer cell lines by immunofluorescence and Western Blotting. Then we detected the expression level of BLyS in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions by real time-PCR and Western Blotting. Pathways involved were confirmed by Western Blotting, immunofluorescence, transwell assay and luciferase assay. RESULTS According to our study, the expression level of BlyS was increased in human breast cancer cell lines in hypoxic conditions. Up-regulation of this protein led to activation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B p65. We also found that the number of migrated cells was increased in the presence of BLyS and inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt attenuated the enhanced migratory response. CONCLUSIONS It suggested that better understanding of BLyS, an immunopotentiator, may offer a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human breast cancers. In addition, BLyS promoted breast cancer cells migration, underscoring the necessity of appropriate applications of immunopotentiators to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- National Nanjing New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Sensen Lin
- National Nanjing New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Renping Zhao
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Zhou
- National Nanjing New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Fang
- National Nanjing New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wenting Shi
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- National Nanjing New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
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Asthana A, Kisaalita WS. Microtissue size and hypoxia in HTS with 3D cultures. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:810-7. [PMID: 22484546 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The three microenvironmental factors that characterize 3D cultures include: first, chemical and/or biochemical composition, second, spatial and temporal dimensions, and third, force and/or substrate physical properties. Although these factors have been studied individually, their interdependence and synergistic interactions have not been well appreciated. We make this case by illustrating how microtissue size (spatial) and hypoxia (chemical) can be used in the formation of physiologically more relevant constructs (or not) for cell-based high-throughput screening (HTS) in drug discovery. We further show how transcriptomic and/or proteomic results from heterogeneously sized microtissues and scaffold architectures that deliberately control hypoxia can misrepresent and represent in vivo conditions, respectively. We offer guidance, depending on HTS objectives, for rational 3D culture platform choice for better emulation of in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amish Asthana
- Cellular Bioengineering Laboratory, Driftmier Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
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