1
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Stancill JS, Kasmani MY, Cui W, Corbett JA. Single Cell RNAseq Analysis of Cytokine-Treated Human Islets: Association of Cellular Stress with Impaired Cytokine Responsiveness. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqae015. [PMID: 38985000 PMCID: PMC11237896 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are essential for survival, being the only cell type capable of insulin secretion. While they are believed to be vulnerable to damage by inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interferon-gamma, we have recently identified physiological roles for cytokine signaling in rodent β-cells that include the stimulation of antiviral and antimicrobial gene expression and the inhibition of viral replication. In this study, we examine cytokine-stimulated changes in gene expression in human islets using single-cell RNA sequencing. Surprisingly, the global responses of human islets to cytokine exposure were remarkably blunted compared to our previous observations in the mouse. The small population of human islet cells that were cytokine responsive exhibited increased expression of IL-1β-stimulated antiviral guanylate-binding proteins, just like in the mouse. Most human islet cells were not responsive to cytokines, and this lack of responsiveness was associated with high expression of genes encoding ribosomal proteins. We further correlated the expression levels of RPL5 with stress response genes, and when expressed at high levels, RPL5 is predictive of failure to respond to cytokines in all endocrine cells. We postulate that donor causes of death and isolation methodologies may contribute to stress of the islet preparation. Our findings indicate that activation of stress responses in human islets limits cytokine-stimulated gene expression, and we urge caution in the evaluation of studies that have examined cytokine-stimulated gene expression in human islets without evaluation of stress-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Stancill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Moujtaba Y Kasmani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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2
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Aizenshtadt A, Wang C, Abadpour S, Menezes PD, Wilhelmsen I, Dalmao-Fernandez A, Stokowiec J, Golovin A, Johnsen M, Combriat TMD, Røberg-Larsen H, Gadegaard N, Scholz H, Busek M, Krauss SJK. Pump-Less, Recirculating Organ-on-Chip (rOoC) Platform to Model the Metabolic Crosstalk between Islets and Liver. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303785. [PMID: 38221504 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are epidemiologically correlated disorders with a worldwide growing prevalence. While the mechanisms leading to the onset and development of these conditions are not fully understood, predictive tissue representations for studying the coordinated interactions between central organs that regulate energy metabolism, particularly the liver and pancreatic islets, are needed. Here, a dual pump-less recirculating organ-on-chip platform that combines human pluripotent stem cell (sc)-derived sc-liver and sc-islet organoids is presented. The platform reproduces key aspects of the metabolic cross-talk between both organs, including glucose levels and selected hormones, and supports the viability and functionality of both sc-islet and sc-liver organoids while preserving a reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In a model of metabolic disruption in response to treatment with high lipids and fructose, sc-liver organoids exhibit hallmarks of steatosis and insulin resistance, while sc-islets produce pro-inflammatory cytokines on-chip. Finally, the platform reproduces known effects of anti-diabetic drugs on-chip. Taken together, the platform provides a basis for functional studies of obesity, T2DM, and MASLD on-chip, as well as for testing potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Aizenshtadt
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Chencheng Wang
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Transplantation Medicine, Experimental Cell Transplantation Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Shadab Abadpour
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Transplantation Medicine, Experimental Cell Transplantation Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pedro Duarte Menezes
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Ingrid Wilhelmsen
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Andrea Dalmao-Fernandez
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1083, Oslo, 0316, Norway
| | - Justyna Stokowiec
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Alexey Golovin
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Mads Johnsen
- Section for Chemical Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Oslo, 0315, Norway
| | - Thomas M D Combriat
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
| | - Hanne Røberg-Larsen
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Section for Chemical Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Oslo, 0315, Norway
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Transplantation Medicine, Experimental Cell Transplantation Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Mathias Busek
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Stefan J K Krauss
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
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3
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Sionov RV, Ahdut-HaCohen R. A Supportive Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Insulin-Producing Langerhans Islets with a Specific Emphasis on The Secretome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2558. [PMID: 37761001 PMCID: PMC10527322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a gradual destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the endocrine pancreas due to innate and specific immune responses, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. T1D patients usually require regular insulin injections after meals to maintain normal serum glucose levels. In severe cases, pancreas or Langerhans islet transplantation can assist in reaching a sufficient β-mass to normalize glucose homeostasis. The latter procedure is limited because of low donor availability, high islet loss, and immune rejection. There is still a need to develop new technologies to improve islet survival and implantation and to keep the islets functional. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with high plasticity that can support human pancreatic islet function both in vitro and in vivo and islet co-transplantation with MSCs is more effective than islet transplantation alone in attenuating diabetes progression. The beneficial effect of MSCs on islet function is due to a combined effect on angiogenesis, suppression of immune responses, and secretion of growth factors essential for islet survival and function. In this review, various aspects of MSCs related to islet function and diabetes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Ahdut-HaCohen
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
- Department of Science, The David Yellin Academic College of Education, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
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4
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Kale A, Rogers NM. No Time to Die-How Islets Meet Their Demise in Transplantation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050796. [PMID: 36899932 PMCID: PMC10000424 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation represents an effective treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and severe hypoglycaemia unawareness, capable of circumventing impaired counterregulatory pathways that no longer provide protection against low blood glucose levels. The additional beneficial effect of normalizing metabolic glycaemic control is the minimisation of further complications related to T1DM and insulin administration. However, patients require allogeneic islets from up to three donors, and the long-term insulin independence is inferior to that achieved with solid organ (whole pancreas) transplantation. This is likely due to the fragility of islets caused by the isolation process, innate immune responses following portal infusion, auto- and allo-immune-mediated destruction and β-cell exhaustion following transplantation. This review covers the specific challenges related to islet vulnerability and dysfunction that affect long-term cell survival following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atharva Kale
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Natasha M. Rogers
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Renal and Transplant Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Correspondence:
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5
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Angie T, Sofie I, Åsa M, Oskar S, Olle K. A decisive bridge between innate immunity and the pathognomonic morphological characteristics of type 1 diabetes demonstrated by instillation of heat-inactivated bacteria in the pancreatic duct of rats. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:1011-1018. [PMID: 35461380 PMCID: PMC9242896 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Periductal inflammation and accumulation of granulocytes and monocytes in the periislet area and in the exocrine pancreas is observed within hours after instillation of heat-inactivated bacteria in the ductal compartment of the pancreas in healthy rats. The present investigation was undertaken to study how the acute inflammation developed over time. METHODS Immunohistochemical evaluation of the immune response triggered by instillation of heat-inactivated bacteria in the ductal compartment in rats. RESULTS After three weeks, the triggered inflammation had vanished and pancreases showed normal morphology. However, a distinct accumulation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within and adjacent to affected islets was found in one-third of the rats instilled with heat-inactivated E. faecalis, mimicking the insulitis seen at onset of human T1D. As in T1D, this insulitis affected a minority of islets and only certain lobes of the pancreases. Notably, a fraction of the T cells expressed the CD103 antigen, mirroring the recently reported presence of tissue resident memory T cells in the insulitis in humans with recent onset T1D. CONCLUSIONS The results presented unravel a previously unknown interplay between innate and acquired immunity in the formation of immunopathological events indistinguishable from those described in humans with recent onset T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegehall Angie
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ingvast Sofie
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Melhus Åsa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Skog Oskar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Korsgren Olle
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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6
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Szempruch KR, Walter K, Ebert N, Bridgens K, Desai CS. Pharmacological management of patients undergoing total pancreatectomy with auto-islet transplantation. Pancreatology 2022; 22:656-664. [PMID: 35490122 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis results in permanent parenchymal destruction of the pancreas gland leading to anatomical and physiological consequences for patients. Surgical management varies, and some patients require total pancreatectomy with autologous islet cell transplantation (TPIAT). Patients undergoing TPIAT require complex and diligent management after surgery. This encompasses the management of glucose control (endocrine function of the pancreas) and supplementing loss of exocrine function of the pancreas with digestive enzymes. Other areas of management include optimizing pain relief while reducing narcotic usage, providing antimicrobial prophylaxis, and reducing loss of islet cells by improving its integrity through anticoagulation and use of anti-inflammatory agents. Each aspect of care is unique to this population. However, comprehensive reviews on its pharmacological management are scarce. This review will discuss the available literature to date surrounding all aspects of pharmacological management of patients undergoing TPIAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Szempruch
- Pharmacy Department, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Krysta Walter
- Pharmacy Department, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Natassha Ebert
- Pharmacy Department, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn Bridgens
- Department of Nutrition and Food Services, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chirag S Desai
- Department of Surgery, Transplant, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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7
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Yan LL, Ye LP, Chen YH, He SQ, Zhang CY, Mao XL, Li SW. The Influence of Microenvironment on Survival of Intraportal Transplanted Islets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849580. [PMID: 35418988 PMCID: PMC8995531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation has the potential to cure type 1 diabetes. Despite recent therapeutic success, it is still uncommon because transplanted islets are damaged by multiple challenges, including instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR), inflammatory cytokines, hypoxia/reperfusion injury, and immune rejection. The transplantation microenvironment plays a vital role especially in intraportal islet transplantation. The identification and targeting of pathways that function as “master regulators” during deleterious inflammatory events after transplantation, and the induction of immune tolerance, are necessary to improve the survival of transplanted islets. In this article, we attempt to provide an overview of the influence of microenvironment on the survival of transplanted islets, as well as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Li-Ping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ya-Hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Sai-Qin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Chen-Yang Zhang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xin-Li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shao-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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8
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Lau H, Li S, Corrales N, Rodriguez S, Mohammadi M, Alexander M, de Vos P, Lakey JRT. Necrostatin-1 Supplementation to Islet Tissue Culture Enhances the In-Vitro Development and Graft Function of Young Porcine Islets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8367. [PMID: 34445075 PMCID: PMC8394857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-weaned porcine islets (PPIs) represent an unlimited source for islet transplantation but are functionally immature. We previously showed that necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) immediately after islet isolation enhanced the in vitro development of PPIs. Here, we examined the impact of Nec-1 on the in vivo function of PPIs after transplantation in diabetic mice. PPIs were isolated from pancreata of 8-15-day-old, pre-weaned pigs and cultured in media alone, or supplemented with Nec-1 (100 µM) on day 0 or on day 3 of culture (n = 5 for each group). On day 7, islet recovery, viability, oxygen consumption rate, insulin content, cellular composition, insulin secretion capacity, and transplant outcomes were evaluated. While islet viability and oxygen consumption rate remained high throughout 7-day tissue culture, Nec-1 supplementation on day 3 significantly improved islet recovery, insulin content, endocrine composition, GLUT2 expression, differentiation potential, proliferation capacity of endocrine cells, and insulin secretion. Adding Nec-1 on day 3 of tissue culture enhanced the islet recovery, proportion of delta cells, beta-cell differentiation and proliferation, and stimulation index. In vivo, this leads to shorter times to normoglycemia, better glycemic control, and higher circulating insulin. Our findings identify the novel time-dependent effects of Nec-1 supplementation on porcine islet quantity and quality prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Lau
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA; (H.L.); (N.C.); (S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Shiri Li
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;
| | - Nicole Corrales
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA; (H.L.); (N.C.); (S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Samuel Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA; (H.L.); (N.C.); (S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammadreza Mohammadi
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA; (H.L.); (N.C.); (S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Paul de Vos
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jonathan RT Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA; (H.L.); (N.C.); (S.R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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9
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Kharbikar BN, Chendke GS, Desai TA. Modulating the foreign body response of implants for diabetes treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:87-113. [PMID: 33484736 PMCID: PMC8217111 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels due to patients' inability to produce sufficient insulin. Current interventions often require implants that can detect and correct high blood glucose levels with minimal patient intervention. However, these implantable technologies have not reached their full potential in vivo due to the foreign body response and subsequent development of fibrosis. Therefore, for long-term function of implants, modulating the initial immune response is crucial in preventing the activation and progression of the immune cascade. This review discusses the different molecular mechanisms and cellular interactions involved in the activation and progression of foreign body response (FBR) and fibrosis, specifically for implants used in diabetes. We also highlight the various strategies and techniques that have been used for immunomodulation and prevention of fibrosis. We investigate how these general strategies have been applied to implants used for the treatment of diabetes, offering insights on how these devices can be further modified to circumvent FBR and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan N Kharbikar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gauree S Chendke
- University of California Berkeley - University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California Berkeley - University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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10
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Chen C, Rong P, Yang M, Ma X, Feng Z, Wang W. The Role of Interleukin-1β in Destruction of Transplanted Islets. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720934413. [PMID: 32543895 PMCID: PMC7563886 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720934413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising β-cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes, which can reduce glucose lability and hypoglycemic episodes compared with standard insulin therapy. Despite the tremendous progress made in this field, challenges remain in terms of long-term successful transplant outcomes. The insulin independence rate remains low after islet transplantation from one donor pancreas. It has been reported that the islet-related inflammatory response is the main cause of early islet damage and graft loss after transplantation. The production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has considered to be one of the primary harmful inflammatory events during pancreatic procurement, islet isolation, and islet transplantation. Evidence suggests that the innate immune response is upregulated through the activity of Toll-like receptors and The NACHT Domain-Leucine-Rich Repeat and PYD-containing Protein 3 inflammasome, which are the starting points for a series of signaling events that drive excessive IL-1β production in islet transplantation. In this review, we show recent contributions to the advancement of knowledge of IL-1β in islet transplantation and discuss several strategies targeting IL-1β for improving islet engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Yang
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhichao Feng
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Saitoh Y, Inagaki A, Fathi I, Imura T, Nishimaki H, Ogasawara H, Matsumura M, Miyagi S, Yasunami Y, Unno M, Kamei T, Goto M. Improvement of hepatocyte engraftment by co-transplantation with pancreatic islets in hepatocyte transplantation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:361-374. [PMID: 33484496 PMCID: PMC8048420 DOI: 10.1002/term.3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Because of the fragility of isolated hepatocytes, extremely poor engraftment of transplanted hepatocytes remains a severe issue in hepatocyte transplantation. Therefore, improving hepatocyte engraftment is necessary to establish hepatocyte transplantation as a standard therapy. Since the pancreatic islets are known to have favorable autocrine effects, we hypothesized that the transplanted islets might influence not only the islets but also the nearby hepatocytes, subsequently promoting engraftment. We evaluated the effects of islet co-transplantation using an analbuminemic rat model (in vivo model). Furthermore, we established a mimicking in vitro model to investigate the underlying mechanisms. In an in vivo model, the hepatocyte engraftment was significantly improved only when the islets were co-transplanted to the nearby hepatocytes (p < 0.001). Moreover, the transplanted hepatocytes appeared to penetrate the renal parenchyma together with the co-transplanted islets. In an in vitro model, the viability of cultured hepatocytes was also improved by coculture with pancreatic islets. Of particular interest, the coculture supernatant alone could also exert beneficial effects comparable to islet coculture. Although insulin, VEGF, and GLP-1 were selected as candidate crucial factors using the Bio-Plex system, beneficial effects were partially counteracted by anti-insulin receptor antibodies. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that islet co-transplantation improves hepatocyte engraftment, most likely due to continuously secreted crucial factors, such as insulin, in combination with providing favorable circumstances for hepatocyte engraftment. Further refinements of this approach, especially regarding substitutes for islets, could be a promising strategy for improving the outcomes of hepatocyte transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikatsu Saitoh
- Department of SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Ibrahim Fathi
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Takehiro Imura
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hiroyasu Nishimaki
- Department of SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogasawara
- Department of SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Muneyuki Matsumura
- Department of SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Shigehito Miyagi
- Department of SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | | | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Masafumi Goto
- Department of SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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12
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Primavera R, Razavi M, Kevadiya BD, Wang J, Vykunta A, Di Mascolo D, Decuzzi P, Thakor AS. Enhancing islet transplantation using a biocompatible collagen-PDMS bioscaffold enriched with dexamethasone-microplates. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33455953 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abdcac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising approach to enable type 1 diabetic patients to attain glycemic control independent of insulin injections. However, up to 60% of islets are lost immediately following transplantation. To improve this outcome, islets can be transplanted within bioscaffolds, however, synthetic bioscaffolds induce an intense inflammatory reaction which can have detrimental effects on islet function and survival. In the present study, we first improved the biocompatibility of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bioscaffolds by coating them with collagen. To reduce the inflammatory response to PDMS bioscaffolds, we then enriched the bioscaffolds with dexamethasone-loaded microplates (DEX-µScaffolds). These DEX-microplates have the ability to release DEX in a sustained manner over 7 weeks within a therapeutic range that does not affect the glucose responsiveness of the islets but which minimizes inflammation in the surrounding microenvironment. The bioscaffold showed excellent mechanical properties that enabled it to resist pore collapse thereby helping to facilitate islet seeding and its handling for implantation, and subsequent engraftment, within the epididymal fat pad (EFP). Following the transplantation of islets into the EFP of diabetic mice using DEX-µScaffolds there was a return in basal blood glucose to normal values by day 4, with normoglycemia maintained for 30 days. Furthermore, these animals demonstrated a normal dynamic response to glucose challenges with histological evidence showing reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrotic tissue surrounding DEX-µScaffolds at the transplantation site. In contrast, diabetic animals transplanted with either islets alone or islets in bioscaffolds without DEX microplates were not able to regain glycemic control during basal conditions with overall poor islet function. Taken together, our data show that coating PDMS bioscaffolds with collagen, and enriching them with DEX-microplates, significantly prolongs and enhances islet function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Primavera
- Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Stanford, California, 94305-5119, UNITED STATES
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, Florida, 32827, UNITED STATES
| | - Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- PEN, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lab-3064,DRC-1,department of pharmacology and experimental neuroscience, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, UNITED STATES
| | - Jing Wang
- Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Stanford, California, 94304, UNITED STATES
| | - Akshara Vykunta
- Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Stanford, California, 94304, UNITED STATES
| | - Daniele Di Mascolo
- Central Research Labs Genova, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, Genova, Liguria, 16163, ITALY
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, Genova, Liguria, 16163, ITALY
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Stanford, California, 94304, UNITED STATES
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13
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Open Randomized Multicenter Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Low Molecular Weight Sulfated Dextran in Islet Transplantation. Transplantation 2019; 103:630-637. [PMID: 30211831 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When transplanted human pancreatic islets are exposed to blood during intraportal infusion, an innate immune response is triggered. This instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) activates the coagulation and complement cascades and leads to the destruction of 25% of all transplanted islets within minutes, contributing to the need, in most patients, for islets from more than 1 donor. Low molecular dextran sulfate (LMW-DS) has been shown in experimental settings to inhibit IBMIR. METHODS The Clinical Islet Transplantation consortium 01 study was a phase II, multicenter, open label, active control, randomized study. Twenty-four subjects were randomized to peritransplant intraportal and systemic treatment with either LMW-DS or heparin, targeting an activated partial thromboplastin time of 150 ± 10 seconds and 50 ± 5 seconds, respectively. C-peptide response was measured with a mixed meal tolerance test at 75 and 365 days after transplant. RESULTS Low molecular dextran sulfate was safe and well tolerated with similar observed adverse events (mostly attributed to immunosuppression) as in the heparin arm. There was no difference in the primary endpoint (stimulated C-peptide 75 ± 5 days after the first transplant) between the 2 arms (1.33 ± 1.10 versus 1.56 ± 1.36 ng/mL, P = 0.66). Insulin requirement, metabolic parameters, Clarke and HYPO score, quality of life, and safety were similar between the 2 treatments groups. CONCLUSIONS Even with low dosing, LMW-DS showed similar efficacy in preventing IBMIR to promote islet engraftment when compared to "state-of-the art" treatment with heparin. Furthermore, no substantial differences in the efficacy and safety endpoints were detected, providing important information for future studies with more optimal dosing of LMW-DS for the prevention of IBMIR in islet transplantation.
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Zafar A, Lee J, Yesmin S, Paget MB, Bailey CJ, Murray HE, Downing R. Rotational culture and integration with amniotic stem cells reduce porcine islet immunoreactivity in vitro and slow xeno-rejection in a murine model of islet transplantation. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12508. [PMID: 30963627 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-transplant modification of porcine islets may improve their suitability for clinical use in diabetes management by supporting graft function and reducing the potential for xeno-rejection. The present study investigates intra-graft incorporation of stem cells that secrete beta (β)-cell trophic and immunomodulatory factors to preserve function and alter immune cell responsiveness to porcine islets. METHODS Isolated porcine islets were maintained in a three-dimensional rotational cell culture system (RCCS) to facilitate aggregation with human amniotic epithelial cells (AECs). Assembled islet constructs were assessed for functional integrity and ability to avoid xeno-recognition by CD4+ T-cells using mixed islet:lymphocyte reaction assays. To determine whether stem cell-mediated modification of porcine islets provided a survival advantage over native islets, structural integrity was examined in a pig-to-mouse islet transplant model. RESULTS Rotational cell culture system supported the formation of porcine islet:AEC aggregates with improved insulin-secretory capacity compared to unmodified islets, whilst the xeno-response of purified CD4+ T-cells to AEC-bearing grafts was significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated. Transplanted AEC-bearing grafts demonstrated slower rejection in immune-competent recipients compared to unmodified islets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Rotational culture enables pre-transplant modification of porcine islets by integration with immunomodulatory stem cells capable of subduing xeno-reactivity to CD4+ T-cells. This reduces islet rejection and offers translational potential to widen availability and improve the clinical effectiveness of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zafar
- The Islet Research Laboratory, Worcestershire Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
| | - Jou Lee
- The Islet Research Laboratory, Worcestershire Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
| | - Shameema Yesmin
- The Islet Research Laboratory, Worcestershire Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
| | - Michelle B Paget
- The Islet Research Laboratory, Worcestershire Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
| | - Clifford J Bailey
- Diabetes Research, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hilary E Murray
- The Islet Research Laboratory, Worcestershire Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
| | - Richard Downing
- The Islet Research Laboratory, Worcestershire Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
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Jiang K, Chaimov D, Patel SN, Liang JP, Wiggins SC, Samojlik MM, Rubiano A, Simmons CS, Stabler CL. 3-D physiomimetic extracellular matrix hydrogels provide a supportive microenvironment for rodent and human islet culture. Biomaterials 2019; 198:37-48. [PMID: 30224090 PMCID: PMC6397100 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip platforms serve as cost-efficient testbeds for screening pharmaceutical agents, mimicking natural physiology, and studying disease. In the field of diabetes, the development of an islet-on-a-chip platform would have broad implications in understanding disease pathology and discovering potential therapies. Islet microphysiological systems are limited, however, by their poor cell survival and function in culture. A key factor that has been implicated in this decline is the disruption of islet-matrix interactions following isolation. Herein, we sought to recapitulate the in vivo peri-islet niche using decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels. Sourcing from porcine bladder, lung, and pancreas tissues, 3-D ECM hydrogels were generated, characterized, and validated using both rodent and human pancreatic islets. Optimized decellularization protocols resulted in hydrogels with distinctive viscoelastic properties that correlated to their matrix composition. The in situ 3-D encapsulation of human or rat islets within ECM hydrogels resulted in improved functional stability over standard culture conditions. Islet composition and morphology were also altered, with enhanced retention of islet-resident endothelial cells and the formation of cord-like structures or sprouts emerging from the islet spheroid. These supportive 3-D physiomimetic ECM hydrogels can be leveraged within microfluidic platforms for the long-term culture of islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jiang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - D Chaimov
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - S N Patel
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - J-P Liang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - S C Wiggins
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - M M Samojlik
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - A Rubiano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - C S Simmons
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - C L Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States.
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16
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Szempruch KR, Banerjee O, McCall RC, Desai CS. Use of anti-inflammatory agents in clinical islet cell transplants: A qualitative systematic analysis. Islets 2019; 11:65-75. [PMID: 31149871 PMCID: PMC6548473 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2019.1601543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunologic and non-immunologic loss of islet cells upon their transplantation into the liver leads to suboptimal outcomes. Anti-inflammatory agents are used during autologous and allogeneic transplantation. The aim of this qualitative systematic literature review is to evaluate their clinical use and safety. Electronic databases Embase, PubMed, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EU Clinical Trials Register were searched. Of the 216 unique citations, 10 with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers [etanercept (ETA) or infliximab] and 3 with both TNF blockers and an interluekin-1 receptor antagonist [anakinra (ANA)]) were included. Of these, 12 were in allogeneic and one in autologous transplant. Insulin independence with decreased islet cells and number of transfusions were reported with their use. One infection was reported in a group receiving ETA. Analysis suggested that the use of ETA ± ANA have the potential to improve outcomes in islet cell transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oyshik Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C. McCall
- Health Sciences Library University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Chirag S. Desai
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Transplant, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- CONTACT Chirag S. Desai Department of Surgery, Abdominal Transplant, University of North Carolina Medical Center, 4021 Burnett-Womack CB 7211, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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17
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Kim DS, Song L, Wang J, Wu H, Gou W, Cui W, Kim JS, Wang H. Carbon Monoxide Inhibits Islet Apoptosis via Induction of Autophagy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1309-1322. [PMID: 28826228 PMCID: PMC5905947 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Carbon monoxide (CO) functions as a therapeutic molecule in various disease models because of its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. We investigated the capacity of CO to reduce hypoxia-induced islet cell death and dysfunction in human and mouse models. RESULTS Culturing islets in CO-saturated medium protected them from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and preserved β cell function by suppressing expression of proapoptotic (Bim, PARP, Cas-3), proinflammatory (TNF-α), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (glucose-regulated protein 94, grp94, CHOP) proteins. The prosurvival effects of CO on islets were attenuated when autophagy was blocked by specific inhibitors or when either ATG7 or ATG16L1, two essential factors for autophagy, was downregulated by siRNA. In vivo, CO exposure reduced both inflammation and cell death in grafts immediately after transplantation, and enhanced long-term graft survival of CO-treated human and mouse islet grafts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) or C57BL/6 recipients. INNOVATION These findings underline that pretreatment with CO protects islets from hypoxia and stress-induced cell death via upregulation of ATG16L1-mediated autophagy. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that CO exposure may provide an effective means to enhance survival of grafts in clinical islet cell transplantation, and may be beneficial in other diseases in which inflammation and cell death pose impediments to achieving optimal therapeutic effects. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1309-1322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Sung Kim
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lili Song
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jingjing Wang
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hongju Wu
- 2 Department of Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Wenyu Gou
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Wanxing Cui
- 3 Medstar Georgetown University Hospital , Washington DC
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- 4 Department of Surgery, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hongjun Wang
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
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Skrzypek K, Barrera YB, Groth T, Stamatialis D. Endothelial and beta cell composite aggregates for improved function of a bioartificial pancreas encapsulation device. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 41:152-159. [PMID: 29546813 PMCID: PMC6161570 DOI: 10.1177/0391398817752295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Encapsulation of pancreatic islets or beta cells is a promising strategy for treatment of type 1 diabetes by providing an immune isolated environment and allowing for transplantation in a different location than the liver. However, islets used for encapsulation often show lower functionality due to the damaging of islet endothelial cells during the isolation procedure. Factors produced by endothelial cells have great impact on beta cell insulin secretion. Therefore, mutual signaling between endothelial cells and beta cells should be considered for the development of encapsulation systems to achieve high insulin secretion and maintain beta cell viability. Here, we investigate whether co-culture of beta cells with endothelial cells could improve beta cell function within encapsulation devices. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used for creating composite aggregates on agarose microwell platform. The composite aggregates were encapsulated within flat poly(ether sulfone)/polyvinylpyrrolidone device. Their functionality was assessed by glucose-induced insulin secretion test and compared to non-encapsulated free-floating aggregates. RESULTS We created composite aggregates of 80-100 µm in diameter, closely mimicking pancreatic islets. Upon glucose stimulation, their insulin secretion is improved in comparison to aggregates consisting of only MIN6 cells. Moreover, the composite aggregates encapsulated within a device secrete more insulin than aggregates consisting of only MIN6 cells. CONCLUSION Composite aggregates of MIN6 cells with human umbilical vein endothelial cells have improved insulin secretion in comparison to MIN6 aggregates showing that the interaction of beta cell and endothelial cell is crucial for a functional encapsulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skrzypek
- 1 Bioartificial Organs, Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yazmin Brito Barrera
- 2 Biomedical Materials Group and Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- 2 Biomedical Materials Group and Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,3 Interdisciplinary Centre of Material Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Stamatialis
- 1 Bioartificial Organs, Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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19
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Desai CS, Khan KM, Ma X, Li H, Wang J, Fan L, Chen G, Smith JP, Cui W. Effect of liver histopathology on islet cell engraftment in the model mimicking autologous islet cell transplantation. Islets 2017; 9:140-149. [PMID: 28902579 PMCID: PMC5710696 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2017.1356558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory milieu in the liver as determined by histopathology is different in individual patients undergoing autologous islet cell transplantation. We hypothesized that inflammation related to fatty-liver adversely impacts islet survival. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model of fatty-liver to determine the outcome of syngeneic islet transplantation after chemical pancreatectomy. METHODS Mice (C57BL/6) were fed a high-fat-diet from 6 weeks of age until attaining a weight of ≥28 grams (6-8 weeks) to produce a fatty liver (histologically > 30% fat);steatosis was confirmed with lipidomic profile of liver tissue. Islets were infused via the intra-portal route in fatty-liver and control mice after streptozotocin induction of diabetes. Outcomes were assessed by the rate of euglycemia, liver histopathology, evaluation of liver inflammation by measuring tissue cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α by RT-PCR and CD31 expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The difference in the euglycemic fraction between the normal liver group (90%, 9/10) and the fatty-liver group (37.5%, 3/8) was statistically significant at the 18th day post- transplant and was maintained to the end of the study (day 28) (p = 0.019, X2 = 5.51). Levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were elevated in fatty-liver mice (p = 0.042, p = 0.037). Compared to controls cytokine levels were elevated after islet cell transplantation and in transplanted fatty-liver mice as compared to either fatty- or islet transplant group alone (p = NS). A difference in the histochemical pattern of CD31 could not be determined. CONCLUSION Fatty-liver creates an inflammatory state which adversely affects the outcome of autologous islet cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag S. Desai
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- CONTACT Chirag S. Desai Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina4021 Burnett Womack Building, Campus Box 7211, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Khalid M. Khan
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Henghong Li
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Lijuan Fan
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Guoling Chen
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jill P. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Wanxing Cui
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
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20
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Merani S, Truong WW, Hancock W, Anderson CC, Shapiro AMJ. Chemokines and Their Receptors in Islet Allograft Rejection and as Targets for Tolerance Induction. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:295-309. [PMID: 28863747 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft rejection is a major barrier to successful outcome of transplantation surgery. Islet transplantation introduces insulin secreting tissue into type 1 diabetes mellitus recipients, relieving patients from exogenous insulin injection. However, insulitis of grafted tissue and allograft rejection prevent long-term insulin independence. Leukocyte trafficking is necessary for the launch of successful immune responses to pathogen or allograft. Chemokines, small chemotactic cytokines, direct the migration of leukocytes through their interaction with chemokine receptors found on cell surfaces of immune cells. Unique receptor expression of leukocytes, and the specificity of chemokine secretion during various states of immune response, suggest that the extracellular chemokine milieu specifically homes certain leukocyte subsets. Thus, only those leukocytes required for the current immune task are attracted to the inflammatory site. Chemokine blockade, using antagonists and monoclonal antibodies directed against chemokine receptors, is an emerging and specific immunosuppressive strategy. Importantly, chemokine blockade may potentiate tolerance induction regimens to be used following transplantation surgery, and prevent the need for life-long immunosuppression of islet transplant recipients. Here, the role for chemokine blockade in islet transplant rejection and tolerance is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheed Merani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
| | - Wayne W Truong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
| | - Wayne Hancock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute and Biesecker Pediatric Liver Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colin C Anderson
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
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21
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Coronel MM, Geusz R, Stabler CL. Mitigating hypoxic stress on pancreatic islets via in situ oxygen generating biomaterial. Biomaterials 2017; 129:139-151. [PMID: 28342320 PMCID: PMC5497707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle in the survival and efficacy of tissue engineered transplants is inadequate oxygenation, whereby unsupportive oxygen tensions result in significant cellular dysfunction and death within the implant. In a previous report, we developed an innovative oxygen generating biomaterial, termed OxySite, to provide supportive in situ oxygenation to cells and prevent hypoxia-induced damage. Herein, we explored the capacity of this biomaterial to mitigate hypoxic stress in both rat and nonhuman primate pancreatic islets by decreasing cell death, supporting metabolic activity, sustaining aerobic metabolism, preserving glucose responsiveness, and decreasing the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Further, the impact of supplemental oxygenation on in vivo cell function was explored by the transplantation of islets previously co-cultured with OxySite into a diabetic rat model. Transplant outcomes revealed significant improvement in graft efficacy for OxySite-treated islets, when transplanted within an extrahepatic site. These results demonstrate the potency of the OxySite material to mitigate activation of detrimental hypoxia-induced pathways in islets during culture and highlights the importance of in situ oxygenation on resulting islet transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Coronel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ryan Geusz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cherie L Stabler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Delaune V, Berney T, Lacotte S, Toso C. Intraportal islet transplantation: the impact of the liver microenvironment. Transpl Int 2017; 30:227-238. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaihere Delaune
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery; Department of Surgery; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery; Department of Surgery; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva Switzerland
- Cell Transplantation Laboratory; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Lacotte
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery; Department of Surgery; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva Switzerland
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23
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Domsgen E, Lind K, Kong L, Hühn MH, Rasool O, van Kuppeveld F, Korsgren O, Lahesmaa R, Flodström-Tullberg M. An IFIH1 gene polymorphism associated with risk for autoimmunity regulates canonical antiviral defence pathways in Coxsackievirus infected human pancreatic islets. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39378. [PMID: 28000722 PMCID: PMC5175199 DOI: 10.1038/srep39378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The IFIH1 gene encodes the pattern recognition receptor MDA5. A common polymorphism in IFIH1 (rs1990760, A946T) confers increased risk for autoimmune disease, including type 1-diabetes (T1D). Coxsackievirus infections are linked to T1D and cause beta-cell damage in vitro. Here we demonstrate that the rs1990760 polymorphism regulates the interferon (IFN) signature expressed by human pancreatic islets following Coxsackievirus infection. A strong IFN signature was associated with high expression of IFNλ1 and IFNλ2, linking rs1990760 to the expression of type III IFNs. In the high-responding genotype, IRF-1 expression correlated with that of type III IFN, suggesting a positive-feedback on type III IFN transcription. In summary, our study uncovers an influence of rs1990760 on the canonical effector function of MDA5 in response to an acute infection of primary human parenchymal cells with a clinically relevant virus linked to human T1D. It also highlights a previously unrecognized connection between the rs1990760 polymorphism and the expression level of type III IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Domsgen
- The Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HS, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Katharina Lind
- The Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HS, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Lingjia Kong
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 205 20, Finland
| | - Michael H Hühn
- The Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HS, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Omid Rasool
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 205 20, Finland
| | - Frank van Kuppeveld
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 05, Sweden
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 205 20, Finland
| | - Malin Flodström-Tullberg
- The Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HS, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden.,Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technologies, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland
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24
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Li Y, Ding X, Fan P, Guo J, Tian X, Feng X, Zheng J, Tian P, Ding C, Xue W. Inactivation of p27 kip1 Promoted Nonspecific Inflammation by Enhancing Macrophage Proliferation in Islet Transplantation. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4121-4132. [PMID: 27631551 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation suffers from low efficiency caused by nonspecific inflammation-induced graft loss after transplantation. This study reports increased islet loss and enhanced inflammatory response in p27-deficient mice (p27-/-) and proposes a possible mechanism. Compared with wild type, p27-/- mice showed more severe functional injury of islet, with increased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α, inducing macrophage proliferation. Furthermore, the increased number, proapoptotic proteins, and nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-κB) phosphorylation status of the infiltrating macrophages were accompanied by increased TNF-α mRNA level of islet graft site in p27-/- mice. Moreover, in vitro, we found that macrophages were still activated and cocultured with islet and promoted islet loss even blocking the direct effect of TNF-α on islets. Malondialdehyde (MDA, an end product of lipid peroxidation) in islet and media were increased after cocultured with macrophages. p27 deficiency also increased macrophage proliferation and islet injury. Therefore, p27 inactivation promotes injury islet graft loss via the elevation of proliferation and inflammatory cytokines secretion in infiltrating macrophages which induced nonspecific inflammation independent of TNF-α/nuclear factor-kappa b pathway. This potentially represents a promising therapeutic target in improving islet graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Renal Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T., X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Center of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T, X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; and Departments of Rheumatism and Immunology (P.F.) and Hepatobiliary (J.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Ding
- Department of Renal Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T., X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Center of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T, X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; and Departments of Rheumatism and Immunology (P.F.) and Hepatobiliary (J.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Renal Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T., X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Center of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T, X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; and Departments of Rheumatism and Immunology (P.F.) and Hepatobiliary (J.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Renal Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T., X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Center of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T, X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; and Departments of Rheumatism and Immunology (P.F.) and Hepatobiliary (J.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Tian
- Department of Renal Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T., X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Center of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T, X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; and Departments of Rheumatism and Immunology (P.F.) and Hepatobiliary (J.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinshun Feng
- Department of Renal Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T., X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Center of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T, X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; and Departments of Rheumatism and Immunology (P.F.) and Hepatobiliary (J.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Renal Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T., X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Center of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T, X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; and Departments of Rheumatism and Immunology (P.F.) and Hepatobiliary (J.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Puxun Tian
- Department of Renal Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T., X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Center of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T, X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; and Departments of Rheumatism and Immunology (P.F.) and Hepatobiliary (J.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Ding
- Department of Renal Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T., X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Center of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T, X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; and Departments of Rheumatism and Immunology (P.F.) and Hepatobiliary (J.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wujun Xue
- Department of Renal Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T., X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Center of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation (Y.L., X.D., X.T, X.F., J.Z., P.T., C.D., W.X.), Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China; and Departments of Rheumatism and Immunology (P.F.) and Hepatobiliary (J.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
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25
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A Nonhematopoietic Erythropoietin Analogue, ARA 290, Inhibits Macrophage Activation and Prevents Damage to Transplanted Islets. Transplantation 2016; 100:554-62. [PMID: 26683514 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoietin exerts anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and cytoprotective effects in addition to its hematopoietic action. A nonhematopoietic erythropoietin analogue, ARA 290, has similar properties. The efficacy of pancreatic islet transplantation (PITx) is reduced due to islet damage that occurs during isolation and from the severe inflammatory reactions caused by the transplantation procedure. We investigated whether ARA 290 protects islets and ameliorates inflammatory responses following PITx thus improving engraftment. METHODS The effects of ARA 290 on pancreatic islets of C57BL/6J (H-2) mice and on murine macrophages were investigated using an in vitro culture model. As a marginal PITx, 185 islets were transplanted into the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (H-2) via the portal vein. Recipients were given ARA 290 (120 μg/kg) intraperitoneally just before and at 0, 6, and 24 hours after PITx. Liver samples were obtained at 12 hours after PITx, and expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines were assessed. RESULTS ARA 290 protected islets from cytokine-induced damage and apoptosis. Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α) from macrophages was significantly inhibited by ARA 290. After the marginal PITx, ARA 290 treatment significantly improved the blood glucose levels when compared to those of control animals (P < 0.001). Upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, IL-1β, and IL-6 messenger RNA expression within the liver was suppressed by ARA 290 treatment. CONCLUSIONS ARA 290 protected pancreatic islets from cytokine-induced damage and apoptosis and ameliorated the inflammatory response after PITx. ARA 290 appears to be a promising candidate for improvement of PITx.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cisanello University Hospital, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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27
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Blood-based biomarkers of age-associated epigenetic changes in human islets associate with insulin secretion and diabetes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11089. [PMID: 27029739 PMCID: PMC4821875 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging associates with impaired pancreatic islet function and increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Here we examine whether age-related epigenetic changes affect human islet function and if blood-based epigenetic biomarkers reflect these changes and associate with future T2D. We analyse DNA methylation genome-wide in islets from 87 non-diabetic donors, aged 26-74 years. Aging associates with increased DNA methylation of 241 sites. These sites cover loci previously associated with T2D, for example, KLF14. Blood-based epigenetic biomarkers reflect age-related methylation changes in 83 genes identified in human islets (for example, KLF14, FHL2, ZNF518B and FAM123C) and some associate with insulin secretion and T2D. DNA methylation correlates with islet expression of multiple genes, including FHL2, ZNF518B, GNPNAT1 and HLTF. Silencing these genes in β-cells alter insulin secretion. Together, we demonstrate that blood-based epigenetic biomarkers reflect age-related DNA methylation changes in human islets, and associate with insulin secretion in vivo and T2D.
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28
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Koizumi M, Nahar A, Yamabe R, Kadokawa H. Positive correlations of age and parity with plasma concentration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Japanese black cows. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:257-63. [PMID: 26853787 PMCID: PMC4919289 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2015-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) concentration correlates positively with age, and
negatively with self-rated health in women, and optimal MIF concentration may promote proper reproductive
function. This study was conducted to evaluate the hypotheses that plasma MIF concentration changes with
parturition or postpartum first ovulation, and that age in months and parity correlate with plasma MIF
concentration in Japanese black cows. Western blotting utilizing an anti-MIF mouse monoclonal antibody of
various tissues and plasma from females indicated that MIF expression was stronger in the anterior pituitary
than in other tissues. We developed a competitive EIA utilizing the same anti-MIF mouse monoclonal antibody
with sufficient sensitivity and reliable performance for measuring bovine plasma samples. We then measured MIF
concentrations in bovine plasma collected from 4 weeks before parturition to 4 weeks after postpartum first
ovulation. There was no significant difference in plasma MIF concentration pre- and post-parturition, or
before and after the postpartum first ovulation. Plasma MIF concentrations were positively correlated (P <
0.01) with parity (r = 0.703), age in months on the day of parturition (r = 0.647), and age in months on the
day of the postpartum first ovulation (r = 0.553) when we used almost all data, except for that from a
third-parity cow with an abnormally high plasma MIF concentration. We therefore concluded that plasma MIF
concentrations may increase with age in months and parity, but do not change either before and after
parturition or before and after postpartum first ovulation in Japanese black cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoya Koizumi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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29
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Dong H, Zhang Y, Song L, Kim DS, Wu H, Yang L, Li S, Morgan KA, Adams DB, Wang H. Cell-Permeable Peptide Blocks TLR4 Signaling and Improves Islet Allograft Survival. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1319-29. [PMID: 26771084 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x690449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in pancreatic β cells activates aberrant islet graft cellular pathways and contributes to immune rejection in allogeneic islet transplantation. As an approach to overcoming this problem, we determined the capacity of a 33-amino acid peptide consisting of a protein transduction domain (PTD) from the Hph-1 virus and a fragment of the intracellular domain of TLR4 from the C3H mice (PTD-dnTLR4) to block TLR4 signaling and improve allogeneic islet survival in vitro and after transplantation. The efficacy of PTD-dnTLR4 in blocking TLR4 signaling was assessed in the Raw264.7 macrophage line, in the islets, and the βTC3 cell line. In Raw264.7 cells, preculture with the peptide reduced LPS-induced NF-κB activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-6). In islets and β cells, preincubation with PTD-dnTLR4 suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α expression via inhibition of NF-κB activation and protected them from stress-induced cell death. In vivo, preincubation of BALB/c (H-2(d)) islets with PTD-dnTLR4 resulted in significantly longer survival than control islets in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model (two of seven grafts survived long term >100 days). PTD-dnTLR4-treated grafts exhibited reduced expression of TNF-α and iNOS and reduced macrophage infiltration posttransplant. The data indicate that PTD-dnTLR4 blocked TLR4 signaling in both macrophages and β cells, and prolonged allograft survival at least in part by suppressing inflammation and macrophage infiltration. This strategy for blocking TLR4 activity has potential utilization in the treatment of diseases where excessive TLR4 activation contributes to the pathologic cellular pathways such as islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huansheng Dong
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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30
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Xiao F, Ma L, Zhao M, Smith RA, Huang G, Jones PM, Persaud S, Pingitore A, Dorling A, Lechler R, Lombardi G. APT070 (mirococept), a membrane-localizing C3 convertase inhibitor, attenuates early human islet allograft damage in vitro and in vivo in a humanized mouse model. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:575-87. [PMID: 26565566 PMCID: PMC4728428 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose A major obstacle to islet cell transplantation is the early loss of transplanted islets resulting from the instant blood‐mediated inflammation reaction (IBMIR). The activation of complement pathways plays a central role in IBMIR. The aim of this study was to test the inhibitory effect of “painting” human islets with APT070, a membrane‐localizing C3 convertase inhibitor, on inflammation evoked by exposure to human serum in vitro and by transplantation in vivo in a humanized diabetic mouse model. Experimental Approach In vitro, human islets pre‐incubated with APT070 were exposed to allogeneic whole blood. In vivo, similarly treated islets were transplanted underneath the kidney capsule of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic NOD‐SCID IL2rγ−/− mice that had been reconstituted with human CD34+ stem cells. Complement activation and islet hormone content were assayed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Supernatants and sera were assayed for cytokines using cytometric beads array. Morphology of the islets incubated with human serum in vitro and in graft‐bearing kidney were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. Key Results Pre‐incubation with APT070 decreased C‐peptide release and iC3b production in vitro, with diminished deposition of C4d and C5b‐9 in islets embedded in blood clots. In vivo, the APT070‐treated islets maintained intact structure and showed less infiltration of inflammatory cells than untreated islets. The pretreatments also significantly reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokines in supernatants and sera. Conclusions and Implications Pre‐treatment of islets with APT070 could reduce intra‐islet inflammation with accompanying preservation of insulin secretion by beta cells. APT070 could be as a potential therapeutic tool in islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xiao
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, King's College London, 2nd Floor, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Richard A Smith
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Guocai Huang
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, King's College London, 2nd Floor, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Peter M Jones
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shanta Persaud
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Attilio Pingitore
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anthony Dorling
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Robert Lechler
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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31
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Song S, Roy S. Progress and challenges in macroencapsulation approaches for type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment: Cells, biomaterials, and devices. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1381-402. [PMID: 26615050 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macroencapsulation technology has been an attractive topic in the field of treatment for Type 1 diabetes due to mechanical stability, versatility, and retrievability of the macro-capsule design. Macro-capsules can be categorized into extravascular and intravascular devices, in which solute transport relies either on diffusion or convection, respectively. Failure of macroencapsulation strategies can be due to limited regenerative capacity of the encased insulin-producing cells, sub-optimal performance of encapsulation biomaterials, insufficient immunoisolation, excessive blood thrombosis for vascular perfusion devices, and inadequate modes of mass transfer to support cell viability and function. However, significant technical advancements have been achieved in macroencapsulation technology, namely reducing diffusion distance for oxygen and nutrients, using pro-angiogenic factors to increase vascularization for islet engraftment, and optimizing membrane permeability and selectivity to prevent immune attacks from host's body. This review presents an overview of existing macroencapsulation devices and discusses the advances based on tissue-engineering approaches that will stimulate future research and development of macroencapsulation technology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1381-1402. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Song
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158.
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32
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Kloster-Jensen K, Sahraoui A, Vethe NT, Korsgren O, Bergan S, Foss A, Scholz H. Treatment with Tacrolimus and Sirolimus Reveals No Additional Adverse Effects on Human Islets In Vitro Compared to Each Drug Alone but They Are Reduced by Adding Glucocorticoids. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4196460. [PMID: 26885529 PMCID: PMC4739465 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4196460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus and sirolimus are important immunosuppressive drugs used in human islet transplantation; however, they are linked to detrimental effects on islets and reduction of long-term graft function. Few studies investigate the direct effects of these drugs combined in parallel with single drug exposure. Human islets were treated with or without tacrolimus (30 μg/L), sirolimus (30 μg/L), or a combination thereof for 24 hrs. Islet function as well as apoptosis was assessed by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and Cell Death ELISA. Proinflammatory cytokines were analysed by qRT-PCR and Bio-Plex. Islets exposed to the combination of sirolimus and tacrolimus were treated with or without methylprednisolone (1000 μg/L) and the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines was investigated. We found the following: (i) No additive reduction in function and viability in islets existed when tacrolimus and sirolimus were combined compared to the single drug. (ii) Increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines mRNA and protein levels in islets took place. (iii) Methylprednisolone significantly decreased the proinflammatory response in islets induced by the drug combination. Although human islets are prone to direct toxic effect of tacrolimus and sirolimus, we found no additive effects of the drug combination. Short-term exposure of glucocorticoids could effectively reduce the proinflammatory response in human islets induced by the combination of tacrolimus and sirolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Kloster-Jensen
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1171, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- *Kristine Kloster-Jensen:
| | - Afaf Sahraoui
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1171, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Tore Vethe
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Box 815, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stein Bergan
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1171, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aksel Foss
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1171, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1171, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
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Ståhle M, Foss A, Gustafsson B, Lempinen M, Lundgren T, Rafael E, Tufveson G, Korsgren O, Friberg A. Clostripain, the Missing Link in the Enzyme Blend for Efficient Human Islet Isolation. Transplant Direct 2015; 1:e19. [PMID: 27500221 PMCID: PMC4946465 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Effective digestive enzymes are crucial for successful islet isolation. Supplemental proteases are essential as they synergize with collagenase for effective pancreas digestion. The presence of tryptic-like activity has been implicated in efficient enzyme blends and the present study aimed to evaluate if addition of clostripain, an enzyme with tryptic-like activity, could improve efficacy of the islet isolation procedure. METHODS Clostripain was added to the enzyme blend just before pancreas perfusion. Islets were isolated per standard method and numerous isolation parameters, islet quality control, and the number of isolations fulfilling standard transplantation criteria were evaluated. Two control organs per clostripain organ were chosen by blindly matching against body mass index, cold ischemia time, hemoglobin A1c, donor sex, and donor age. RESULTS There were no differences in pancreas weight, dissection time, digestion time, harvest time, percent digested pancreas, or total pellet volume before islet purification between control or clostripain pancreases. Glucose-stimulated insulin release results were similar between groups. Total isolation islet equivalents, purified tissue volume and islet equivalents/g pancreas as well as fulfillment of transplantation criteria favored clostripain processed pancreases. CONCLUSIONS The addition of clostripain to the enzyme blend soundly improved islet yields and transplantation rates. It gently aided pancreas digestion and maintained proper islet functionality. The addition of clostripain to the enzyme blend has now been implemented into standard isolation protocols at the isolation centers in Uppsala and in Oslo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Ståhle
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aksel Foss
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bengt Gustafsson
- Department of Transplantation, University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marko Lempinen
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Torbjörn Lundgren
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ehab Rafael
- Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Tufveson
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew Friberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Shin JY, Jeong JH, Han J, Bhang SH, Jeong GJ, Haque MR, Al-Hilal TA, Noh M, Byun Y, Kim BS. Transplantation of heterospheroids of islet cells and mesenchymal stem cells for effective angiogenesis and antiapoptosis. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1024-35. [PMID: 25344077 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although islet transplantation has been suggested as an alternative therapy for type 1 diabetes, there are efficiency concerns that are attributed to poor engraftment of transplanted islets. Hypoxic condition and delayed vasculogenesis induce necrosis and apoptosis of the transplanted islets. To overcome these limitations in islet transplantation, heterospheroids (HSs), which consist of rat islet cells (ICs) and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), were transplanted to the kidney and liver. The HSs cultured under the hypoxic condition system exhibited a significant increase in antiapoptotic gene expression in ICs. hMSCs in the HSs secreted angiogenic and antiapoptotic proteins. With the HS system, ICs and hMSCs were successfully located in the same area of the liver after transplantation of HSs through the portal vein, whereas the transplantation of islets and the dissociated hMSCs did not result in localization of transplanted ICs and hMSCs in the same area. HS transplantation resulted in an increase in angiogenesis at the transplantation area and a decrease in the apoptosis of transplanted ICs after transplantation into the kidney subcapsule compared with transplantation of islet cell clusters (ICCs). Insulin production levels of ICs were higher in the HS transplantation group compared with the ICC transplantation group. The HS system may be a more efficient transplantation method than the conventional methods for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Youn Shin
- 1 School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Qureshi KM, Lee J, Paget MB, Bailey CJ, Curnow SJ, Murray HE, Downing R. Low gravity rotational culture and the integration of immunomodulatory stem cells reduce human islet allo-reactivity. Clin Transplant 2014; 29:90-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Qureshi
- The Islet Research Laboratory; Worcester Clinical Research Unit; Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust; Worcester UK
| | - Jou Lee
- The Islet Research Laboratory; Worcester Clinical Research Unit; Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust; Worcester UK
| | - Michelle B. Paget
- The Islet Research Laboratory; Worcester Clinical Research Unit; Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust; Worcester UK
| | - Clifford J. Bailey
- Diabetes Research; Aston Pharmacy School; School of Life and Health Sciences; Aston University; Aston Triangle Birmingham UK
| | - S. John Curnow
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham Research Laboratories; Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham UK
| | - Hilary E. Murray
- The Islet Research Laboratory; Worcester Clinical Research Unit; Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust; Worcester UK
| | - Richard Downing
- The Islet Research Laboratory; Worcester Clinical Research Unit; Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust; Worcester UK
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Vivot K, Langlois A, Bietiger W, Dal S, Seyfritz E, Pinget M, Jeandidier N, Maillard E, Gies JP, Sigrist S. Pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant status of pancreatic islet in vitro is controlled by TLR-4 and HO-1 pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107656. [PMID: 25343247 PMCID: PMC4208733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their isolation until implantation, pancreatic islets suffer a major stress leading to the activation of inflammatory reactions. The maintenance of controlled inflammation is essential to preserve survival and function of the graft. Identification and targeting of pathway(s) implicated in post-transplant detrimental inflammatory events, is mandatory to improve islet transplantation success. We sought to characterize the expression of the pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant mediators during islet culture with a focus on Heme oxygenase (HO-1) and Toll-like receptors-4 signaling pathways. Rat pancreatic islets were isolated and pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant status were evaluated after 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours of culture through TLR-4, HO-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, CCL-2 and IL-6 secretion, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production (Dihydroethidine staining, DHE) and macrophages migration. To identify the therapeutic target, TLR4 inhibition (CLI-095) and HO-1 activation (cobalt protoporphyrin,CoPP) was performed. Activation of NFκB signaling pathway was also investigated. After isolation and during culture, pancreatic islet exhibited a proinflammatory and prooxidant status (increase levels of TLR-4, COX-2, CCL-2, IL-6, and ROS). Activation of HO-1 or inhibition of TLR-4 decreased inflammatory status and oxidative stress of islets. Moreover, the overexpression of HO-1 induced NFκB phosphorylation while the inhibition of TLR-4 had no effect NFκB activation. Finally, inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathway induced a reduction of macrophages migration. These data demonstrated that the TLR-4 signaling pathway is implicated in early inflammatory events leading to a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant status of islets in vitro. Moreover, these results provide the mechanism whereby the benefits of HO-1 target in TLR-4 signaling pathway. HO-1 could be then an interesting target to protect islets before transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Vivot
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Allan Langlois
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - William Bietiger
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Dal
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elodie Seyfritz
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
- Structure d'Endocrinologie, Diabète –Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Jeandidier
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
- Structure d'Endocrinologie, Diabète –Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisa Maillard
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gies
- UMR 7034 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
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Omar BA, Liehua L, Yamada Y, Seino Y, Marchetti P, Ahrén B. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is expressed in mouse and human islets and its activity is decreased in human islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1876-83. [PMID: 24939431 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Inhibition of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), which cleaves and inactivates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), is a glucose-lowering strategy in type 2 diabetes. Since DPP-4 is a ubiquitously distributed enzyme, we examined whether it is expressed in islets and whether an islet effect to inhibit DPP-4 may result in stimulated insulin secretion. METHODS We investigated DPP-4 expression and activity in the islets of mouse models of obesity as well as human islets from non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic donors. We further investigated whether inhibition with DPP-4 inhibitors could promote insulin secretion via islet GLP-1 in isolated islets. RESULTS DPP-4 was readily detected in mouse and human islets with species-specific cellular localisation. In mice, DPP-4 was expressed predominantly in beta cells, whereas in humans it was expressed nearly exclusively in alpha cells. DPP-4 activity was significantly increased in islets from diet-induced obese mice compared with mice fed a control diet. In humans, DPP-4 activity was significantly lower in islets from type 2 diabetic donors than in non-diabetic donors. In human islets, there was a significant positive correlation between DPP-4 activity and insulin secretory response to 16.7 mmol/l glucose. Treatment of mouse islets with the DPP-4 inhibitors, NVPDPP728 and vildagliptin, resulted in a significant potentiation of insulin secretion in a GLP-1-dependent manner, as this was inhibited by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, Exendin (9-39), and was retained in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor-deficient mice but lost in mice lacking GLP-1 receptors or both incretin receptors. Human islets treated with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, showed increased secretion of insulin and intact GLP-1. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that DPP-4 is present and active in mouse and human islets, is regulated by the disease state, and that inhibition of islet DPP-4 activity can have direct effects on islet function. Inhibiting islet DPP-4 activity may therefore contribute to the insulin-secretory and glucose-lowering action of DPP-4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Omar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Center, C11, Lund University, SE22184, Lund, Sweden,
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38
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Chow SZ, Speck M, Yoganathan P, Nackiewicz D, Hansen AM, Ladefoged M, Rabe B, Rose-John S, Voshol PJ, Lynn FC, Herrera PL, Müller W, Ellingsgaard H, Ehses JA. Glycoprotein 130 receptor signaling mediates α-cell dysfunction in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2014; 63:2984-95. [PMID: 24812426 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated glucagon secretion accompanies islet inflammation in type 2 diabetes. We recently discovered that interleukin (IL)-6 stimulates glucagon secretion from human and rodent islets. IL-6 family cytokines require the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor to signal. In this study, we elucidated the effects of α-cell gp130 receptor signaling on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. IL-6 family cytokines were elevated in islets in rodent models of this disease. gp130 receptor activation increased STAT3 phosphorylation in primary α-cells and stimulated glucagon secretion. Pancreatic α-cell gp130 knockout (αgp130KO) mice showed no differences in glycemic control, α-cell function, or α-cell mass. However, when subjected to streptozotocin plus high-fat diet to induce islet inflammation and pathophysiology modeling type 2 diabetes, αgp130KO mice had reduced fasting glycemia, improved glucose tolerance, reduced fasting insulin, and improved α-cell function. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps revealed no differences in insulin sensitivity. We conclude that in a setting of islet inflammation and pathophysiology modeling type 2 diabetes, activation of α-cell gp130 receptor signaling has deleterious effects on α-cell function, promoting hyperglycemia. Antagonism of α-cell gp130 receptor signaling may be useful for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Z Chow
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Madeleine Speck
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Piriya Yoganathan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dominika Nackiewicz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Björn Rabe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter J Voshol
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Helga Ellingsgaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan A Ehses
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Nilsson B, Teramura Y, Ekdahl KN. The role and regulation of complement activation as part of the thromboinflammation elicited in cell therapies. Mol Immunol 2014; 61:185-90. [PMID: 24998801 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapies in which the cells come into direct contact with blood and other body fluids are emerging treatment procedures for patients with various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, liver insufficiency, and graft-versus-host disease. However, despite recent progress, these procedures are associated with tissue loss caused by thromboinflammatory reactions. These deleterious reactions involve the activation of the complement and coagulation cascades and platelet and leukocyte activation, ultimately resulting in clot formation and damage to the implanted cells. In this concept review, we discuss the basic mechanisms underlying the thrombininflammatory process, with special reference to the engagement of complement and emerging strategies for the therapeutic regulation of these reactions that include the use of selective systemic inhibitors and various procedures to coat the surfaces of the cells. The coating procedures may also be applied to other treatment modalities in which similar mechanisms are involved, including whole organ transplantation, treatment with biomaterials in contact with blood, and extracorporeal procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Nilsson
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Yuji Teramura
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kristina N Ekdahl
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Linnæus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnæus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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Dietary zinc supplementation to the donor improves insulin secretion after islet transplantation in chemically induced diabetic rats. Pancreas 2014; 43:236-9. [PMID: 24518501 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Zinc (Zn) is related to insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion. This study demonstrates the effects of Zn supplementation in donor rats on the outcomes of islet transplantation. METHODS Donor rats received 3 different regimens of dietary Zn supplementation for 2 weeks before undergoing pancreas donation: a standard diet containing Zn at 50 ppm (control), 1 ppm (low-Zn group) or 1000 ppm (high-Zn group), respectively. Diabetic recipient rats underwent islet transplantation, and the blood glucose levels and insulin secretion were monitored for 7 days after transplantation. RESULTS The serum and pancreatic Zn levels at the time of donation were significantly lower in the low-Zn group (48.8 ± 25.5 µg/dL and 11.3 ± 1.9 µg/g) and higher in the high-Zn group (147.3 ± 17.6 µg/dL and 18.7 ± 2.2 µg/g) when compared with those observed in the controls (118.7 ± 7.9 µg/dL and 14.6 ± 2.0 µg/g) (P < 0.05). The blood glucose levels became re-elevated 2 days after transplantation in rats receiving islet grafts from the controls and the low-Zn groups. In contrast, in the rats that received islets from the high-Zn groups, these were maintained within a reference range (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that a Zn-rich diet for donor rats improves the function of islet grafts in chemically induced diabetic rats.
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Naziruddin B, Iwahashi S, Kanak MA, Takita M, Itoh T, Levy MF. Evidence for instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction in clinical autologous islet transplantation. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:428-37. [PMID: 24447621 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A nonspecific inflammatory and thrombotic reaction termed instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) has been reported when allogenic or xenogenic islets come into contact with blood. This reaction is known to cause significant loss of transplanted islets. We hypothesized that IBMIR occurs in patients undergoing total pancreatectomy followed by autologous islet transplantation (TP-AIT) and tested this hypothesis in 24 patients and in an in vitro model. Blood samples drawn during the peritransplant period showed a significant and rapid increase of thrombin-anti-thrombin III complex (TAT) and C-peptide during islet infusion, which persisted for up to 3 h, along with a decreased platelet count. A concomitant increase in levels of inflammatory proteins IL-6, IL-8 and interferon-inducible protein-10 was observed. An in vitro model composed of pure islets plus autologous blood also demonstrated significantly increased levels of TAT (p<0.05), C-peptide (p<0.05), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p<0.05) and MCP-1 (p<0.05), as well as strong tissue factor expression in islets. Islet viability decreased significantly but was rescued by the presence of low-molecular-weight dextran sulfate. In conclusion, AIT-induced elevation of TAT and destruction of islets suggests that IBMIR might occur during AIT. Modulating this process may help improve islet engraftment and the insulin independence rate in TP-AIT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Naziruddin
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX
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42
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Azzi J, Geara AS, El-Sayegh S, Abdi R. Immunological aspects of pancreatic islet cell transplantation. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 6:111-24. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.09.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Synergism of a natural plant product, oleanolic acid with calcineurin inhibitor in prolonging islet allograft survival. Transpl Immunol 2013; 29:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Marselli L, Bugliani M, Suleiman M, Olimpico F, Masini M, Petrini M, Boggi U, Filipponi F, Syed F, Marchetti P. β-Cell inflammation in human type 2 diabetes and the role of autophagy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15 Suppl 3:130-6. [PMID: 24003929 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
β-Cell failure is crucial for the onset and progression of human type 2 diabetes, and a few studies have suggested that inflammation may play a role. Immune cell infiltration has been reported in subpopulations of islets in some cases of human type 2 diabetes, and altered gene expression of a few cytokines and chemokines has been observed in isolated islets and laser captured β-cells from diabetic subjects. Recent observations on the links between inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy are putting the focus on the possibility that modulating the autophagic processes could protect the β-cells from cytotoxicity induced by inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Mueller KR, Martins KV, Murtaugh MP, Schuurman HJ, Papas KK. Manufacturing porcine islets: culture at 22 °C has no advantage above culture at 37 °C: a gene expression evaluation. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20:418-28. [PMID: 23941232 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The manufacturing process of islets includes a culture step which was originally introduced to ease the logistics of procedures in preparing the graft and transplant recipient. It has been suggested that culture at room temperature has an advantage over culture at 37 °C, in part by reducing immunogenicity via preferential elimination of contaminating cells (such as passenger leukocytes) within islets. We investigated this using islets isolated from pancreata of adult pigs. METHODS Porcine islets were isolated from three donors and cultured at 37 °C for 1 day, and then under three different conditions: 37 °C for 6 days (condition A); 22 °C for 6 days (condition B); or 22 °C for 5 days followed by 37 °C for 1 day (condition C). Recovery was assessed by DNA measurement, viability by oxygen consumption rate normalized for DNA (OCR/DNA), and gene expression by RT-PCR for a series of 9 lymphocyte markers, 11 lymphokines and chemokines, and 14 apoptotic and stress markers. RESULTS Post-culture islet recoveries were similar for the three culture conditions. Average OCR/DNA values were 129-159 nmol/min·mgDNA before culture, and 259-291, 204-212, and 207-228 nmol/min·mgDNA, respectively, for culture under conditions A, B, and C, respectively. Irrespective of culture condition, examined gene expression in all three series of lymphocyte markers, lymphokines and chemokines, and apoptotic and stress markers manifested a statistically significant decrease upon culture for 7 days. This decrease was most dramatic for condition A: in particular, most of lymphocyte markers showed a >10-fold reduction and also six markers in the lymphokine and chemokine series; these reductions are consistent with the elimination of immune cells present within islets during culture. The reduction was less for apoptotic and stress markers. For culture under condition B, the reduction in gene expression was less, and culture under condition C resulted in gene expression levels similar to those under condition A: this indicates that 24 h at 37 °C is sufficient to re-equilibrate gene expression levels from those in islets cultured at 22 °C to those in islets cultured at 37 °C. Results were consistent among the preparations from the three donors. CONCLUSIONS Culture of porcine islets at 37 °C provides benefits over culture at 22 °C with respect to OCR/DNA outcomes and reduced expression of genes encoding lymphocyte markers, lymphokines and chemokines, and markers for apoptosis and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate R Mueller
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Lind K, Richardson SJ, Leete P, Morgan NG, Korsgren O, Flodström-Tullberg M. Induction of an antiviral state and attenuated coxsackievirus replication in type III interferon-treated primary human pancreatic islets. J Virol 2013; 87:7646-54. [PMID: 23637411 PMCID: PMC3700265 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03431-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs), also called lambda interferons (IFN-λ), comprise three isoforms, IFN-λ1 (interleukin-29 [IL-29]), IFN-λ2 (IL-28A), and IFN-λ3 (IL-28B). Only limited information is available on their expression and biological functions in humans. Type I and type II IFNs protect human pancreatic islets against coxsackievirus infection, and this is important since such viruses have been proposed to play a role in the development of human type 1 diabetes. Here we investigated whether type III IFN is expressed during infection of human islet cells with coxsackievirus and if type III IFN regulates permissiveness to such infections. We show that human islets respond to a coxsackievirus serotype B3 (CVB3) infection by inducing the expression of type III IFNs. We also demonstrate that islet endocrine cells from nondiabetic individuals express the type III IFN receptor subunits IFN-λR1 and IL-10R2. Pancreatic alpha cells express both receptor subunits, while pancreatic beta cells express only IL-10R2. Type III IFN stimulation elicited a biological response in human islets as indicated by the upregulated expression of antiviral genes as well as pattern recognition receptors. We also show that type III IFN significantly reduces CVB3 replication. Our studies reveal that type III IFNs are expressed during CVB3 infection and that the expression of the type III IFN receptor by the human pancreatic islet allows this group of IFNs to regulate the islets' permissiveness to infection. Our novel observations suggest that type III IFNs may regulate viral replication and thereby contribute to reduced tissue damage and promote islet cell survival during coxsackievirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lind
- Department of Medicine HS, The Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah J. Richardson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Pia Leete
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Noel G. Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Flodström-Tullberg
- Department of Medicine HS, The Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ashkenazi E, Baranovski BM, Shahaf G, Lewis EC. Pancreatic islet xenograft survival in mice is extended by a combination of alpha-1-antitrypsin and single-dose anti-CD4/CD8 therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63625. [PMID: 23717456 PMCID: PMC3661573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pancreatic islet transplantation is under evaluation for the treatment of autoimmune diabetes, yet several limitations preclude widespread use. For example, there is a critical shortage of human pancreas donors. Xenotransplantation may solve this problem, yet it evokes a rigorous immune response which can lead to graft rejection. Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), a clinically available and safe circulating anti-inflammatory and tissue protective glycoprotein, facilitates islet alloimmune-tolerance and protects from inflammation in several models. Here, we examine whether human AAT (hAAT), alone or in combination with clinically relevant approaches, achieves long-term islet xenograft survival. Rat-to-mouse islet transplantation was examined in the following groups: untreated (n = 6), hAAT (n = 6, 60-240 mg/kg every 3 days from day -10), low-dose co-stimulation blockade (anti-CD154/LFA-1) and single-dose anti-CD4/CD8 (n = 5-7), either as mono- or combination therapies. Islet grafting was accompanied by blood glucose follow-up. In addition, skin xenografting was performed in order to depict responses that occur in draining lymph nodes. According to our results hAAT monotherapy and hAAT/anti-CD154/LFA-1 combined therapy, did not delay rejection day (11-24 days untreated vs. 10-22 day treated). However, host and donor intragraft inflammatory gene expression was diminished by hAAT therapy in both setups. Single dose T-cell depletion using anti-CD4/CD8 depleting antibodies, which provided 14-15 days of reduced circulating T-cells, significantly delayed rejection day (28-52 days) but did not achieve graft acceptance. In contrast, in combination with hAAT, the group displayed significantly extended rejection days and a high rate of graft acceptance (59, 61, >90, >90, >90). In examination of graft explants, marginal mononuclear-cell infiltration containing regulatory T-cells predominated surviving xenografts. We suggest that temporal T-cell depletion, as in the clinically practiced anti-thymocyte-globulin therapy, combined with hAAT, may promote islet xenograft acceptance. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism behind the observed synergy, as well as the applicability of the approach for pig-to-human islet xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Ashkenazi
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Boris M. Baranovski
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Galit Shahaf
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Eli C Lewis
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Be’er Sheva, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Smink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Paananen A, Ylipaasto P, Smura T, Lempinen M, Galama J, Roivainen M. A single amino acid substitution in viral VP1 protein alters the lytic potential of clone-derived variants of echovirus 9 DM strain in human pancreatic islets. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1267-73. [PMID: 23595636 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies with primary human pancreatic islets suggest that several enterovirus serotypes are able to infect and replicate in beta cells. Some enterovirus strains are highly cytolytic in vitro whereas others show virus replication with no apparent islet destruction. The capability to induce islet destruction is determined only partially by the virus serotype, since strain specific differences have been detected within some serotypes including echovirus 9 (E-9). In this study, the viral genetic factors determining the outcome of islet infection (i.e., destructive vs. benign) were investigated by constructing parallel infectious clones of lytic E-9-DM strain that was isolated from a small child at the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes. The capabilities of these clone-derived viruses to induce islet destruction were monitored and the lytic potential of clones was modified by site-directed mutagenesis. The lytic capabilities of these clone-derived viruses in human pancreatic islets were modified by a single amino acid substitution (T81A) in the capsid protein VP1. The data presented outline the importance of amino acid point mutations in the pathogenetic process leading to islet necrosis. However, although the amino acid substitution (T81A) modifies the lytic capabilities of E-9-DM strain-derived microvariant strains, it is likely that additional viral genetic determinants of pancreatic islet pathogenicity exist in other E-9 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paananen
- Intestinal Viruses Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Combined strategy of endothelial cells coating, Sertoli cells coculture and infusion improves vascularization and rejection protection of islet graft. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56696. [PMID: 23437215 PMCID: PMC3577699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving islet graft revascularization and inhibiting rejection become crucial tasks for prolonging islet graft survival. Endothelial cells (ECs) are the basis of islet vascularization and Sertoli cells (SCs) have the talent to provide nutritional support and exert immunosuppressive effects. We construct a combined strategy of ECs coating in the presence of nutritious and immune factors supplied by SCs in a co-culture system to investigate the effect of vascularization and rejection inhibition for islet graft. In vivo, the combined strategy improved the survival and vascularization as well as inhibited lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines. In vitro, we found the combinatorial strategy improved the function of islets and the effect of ECs-coating on islets. Combined strategy treated islets revealed higher levels of anti-apoptotic signal molecules (Bcl-2 and HSP-32), survival and function related molecules (PDX-1, Ki-67, ERK1/2 and Akt) and demonstrated increased vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR) and angiogenesis signal molecules (FAk and PLC-γ). SCs effectively inhibited the activation of lymphocyte stimulated by islets and ECs. Predominantly immunosuppressive cytokines could be detected in culture supernatants of the SCs coculture group. These results suggest that ECs-coating and Sertoli cells co-culture or infusion synergistically enhance islet survival and function after transplantation.
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