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Mao Y, Alarfaj AA, Hussein-Al-Ali SH, Ma H. Diterpene Coronarin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Both In Vivo and In Vitro Models. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4140-4155. [PMID: 37906408 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinical condition occurs due to severe systemic inflammatory response for clinical stimulus like pneumonia, sepsis, trauma, aspiration, inhalation of toxic gases, and pancreatitis. Disruption of alveolar barriers, activation of macrophages, infiltration of neutrophils, and proinflammatory cytokines are the vital events occurs during ALI. The drugs which inhibit these inflammatory response can protect lungs from inflammatory insults. In this study, we examined the potency of phytochemical coronarin, a diterpene which have been proven to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antitumor activities. Healthy BALB/c mice were induced to acute lung injury with intra-tracheal administration of LPS and then treated with 5 and 10 mg/kg concentration of coronarin. The wet/dry lung weight of mice were estimated to assess the induction of pulmonary edema. BALF fluid was analyzed for protein concentrations and immune cells count. Myeloperoxidase activity and levels of chemokines MCP-2 and MIP-2, iNOS, COX-2, and PGE-2 were quantified to assess the immunomodulatory effect of coronarin against LPS-induced ALI. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines was measured to examine the anti-inflammatory property of coronarin, and it was confirmed with histopathological analysis of the lung tissue. Murine RAW 264.7 cells were utilized for the in vitro analysis. Cell cytoxicity and cytoprotective property of coronarin was assessed with MTT assay in LPS-treated Murine RAW 264.7. The anti-inflammatory property of coronarin was further confirmed in in vitro condition by estimating the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in coronarin-treated and untreated LPS-induced cells. Overall, our in vivo and in vitro results confirm coronarin significantly inhibited the infiltration of neutrophils prevented immunodulatory activity and synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and alleviated the acute lung injury induced by LPS. Coronarin is a potent anti-inflammatory drug which can be subjected to further research to be prescribed as drug for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, 264001, China
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Respiratory II, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, 264001, China
| | - Samer Hasan Hussein-Al-Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PO Box 33 and 22 Isra University Office 11622 by Queen Alia International Airport south of the capital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of thoracic surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China.
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Iguidbashian KG, Robison J, Khailova L, Jaggers J, Ing R, Lawson S, Osorio Lujan SM, Klawitter J, Davidson JA. Changes in infant porcine pulmonary tissue oxylipins induced by cardiopulmonary bypass. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1274-1281. [PMID: 35681098 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxylipins are metabolites derived from fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (AA) and are key mediators in inflammation, host defense, and tissue injury. Serum oxylipins increase in adults after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) but tissue-level changes are poorly defined. The objective of this study was to characterize pulmonary tissue oxylipins in an infant porcine model of CPB with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). METHODS Infant pigs underwent CPB with DHCA. Controls received anesthesia only. Right upper and lower lobes of the lung underwent oxylipin analysis via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. One-way ANOVA was utilized to assess differences in oxylipin concentrations across groups, followed by pairwise comparisons. RESULTS AA and multiple AA metabolites via cytochrome P450 (CYP450), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways were significantly increased in the upper and lower lobe of pigs exposed to CPB/DHCA as compared to controls. Multiple prostaglandin metabolites produced via COX were also significantly elevated in the lower lobes of control animals. CONCLUSIONS CPB/DHCA induces a significant increase in pulmonary tissue AA, with subsequent metabolism via COX, LOX, and CYP450 pathways. Interestingly, prostaglandins were also elevated in the lower lobes of the controls, suggesting a mechanism separate from CPB/DHCA. Future oxylipin studies are needed to better understand CPB-induced acute lung injury. IMPACT CPB/DHCA and, to a lesser extent, lung region influence pulmonary tissue-level AA metabolite production. Inflammatory mediator AA metabolites have been noted in previous studies to increase following CPB; however, this is the first study to look at pulmonary tissue-level differences following CPB/DHCA. Increases in many AA metabolites, including LOX- and CYP450-derived products, were seen in both upper and lower lobe of piglets following CPB/DHCA. COX-derived prostaglandin metabolites were increased not only in CPB upper and lower lobe but also in mechanically ventilated control lower lobe, suggesting an additional, separate mechanism from CPB/DCHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey G Iguidbashian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado/Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Justin Robison
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ludmila Khailova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado/Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James Jaggers
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard Ing
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Scott Lawson
- Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Suzanne M Osorio Lujan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado/Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jesse A Davidson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado/Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Prostaglandin D2 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through the Modulation of Inflammation and Macrophage Polarization. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a well-known respiratory disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advancements in the medical field, developing complete treatment strategies against this disease is still a challenge. In the current study, the therapeutic role of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) was investigated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in mice models and RAW264.7 macrophages through anti-inflammatory, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL staining. The overproduction of cytokines by RAW264.7 macrophages was observed after stimulation with LPS. However, pretreatment with PGD2 decreased the production of cytokines. The level of inflammatory markers was significantly restored in the PGD2 treatment group (TNF-α = 58.6 vs. 78.5 pg/mL; IL-1β = 29.3 vs. 36.6 pg/mL; IL-6 = 75.4 vs. 98.2 pg/mL; and CRP = 0.84 vs. 1.14 ng/mL). The wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs was quite significant in the disease control (LPS-only treatment) group. Moreover, the histological changes as determined by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining clearly showed that PGD2 treatment maintains the lung tissue architecture. The iNOS expression pattern was increased in lung tissues of LPS-treated animals, whereas, in mice treated with PGD2, the expression of iNOS protein decreased. Flow cytometry data demonstrated that LPS intoxication enhanced apoptosis, which significantly decreased with PGD2 treatment. In conclusion, all these observations indicate that PGD2 provides an anti-inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages and in ALI, and they suggest a therapeutic potential in lung pathogenesis.
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Nelin LD, Jin Y, Chen B, Liu Y, Rogers LK, Reese J. Cyclooxygenase-2 deficiency attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and acute lung injury in adult mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R126-R135. [PMID: 34984926 PMCID: PMC9829472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00140.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Many lung diseases are caused by an excessive inflammatory response, and inflammatory lung diseases are often modeled using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) encoded by the Ptgs2 gene is induced in response to inflammatory stimuli including LPS. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that mice deficient in COX-2 (Ptgs2-/-) will be protected from LPS-induced lung injury. Wild-type (WT; CD1 mice) and Ptgs2-/- mice (on a CD1 background) were treated with LPS or vehicle for 24 h. LPS treatment resulted in histological evidence of lung injury, which was attenuated in the Ptgs2-/- mice. LPS treatment increased the mRNA levels for tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the lungs of WT mice, and the LPS-induced increases in these levels were attenuated in the Ptgs2-/- mice. The protein levels of active caspase-3 and caspase-9 were lower in the LPS-treated lungs of Ptgs2-/- mice than in LPS-treated WT mice, as were the number of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells in lung sections. LPS exposure resulted in a greater lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) in WT mice, suggestive of pulmonary edema, while in LPS-treated Ptgs2-/- mice, the W/D was not different from controls and less than in LPS-treated WT mice. These results demonstrate that COX-2 is involved in the inflammatory response to LPS and suggest that COX-2 not only acts as a downstream participant in the inflammatory response, but also acts as a regulator of the inflammatory response likely through a feed-forward mechanism following LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif D Nelin
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yi Jin
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bernadette Chen
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yusen Liu
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lynette K Rogers
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeff Reese
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Sheta NM, Boshra SA. Fabrication and Evaluation of Celecoxib Oral Oleogel to Reduce the Inflammation of Ulcerative Colitis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:180. [PMID: 34129135 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleogel consists of hydrophobic solvent and an oleogelator. In this study, attempts were made to study the influence of Celecoxib solubility, concentration and dispersability on its release, absorption, and biological performance. Oleogels were prepared to study the formulation variables on its stability and release. Castor oil was selected as the oil and the oleogelator concentration was 4.5% w/w. F3 revealed the highest release and stability compared to other formulae. The percent permeated across the rat intestine showed a 7.5-fold increase over free Celecoxib, and its lifetime was found to be greater than 18 months. The efficacy of free Celecoxib and oleogel formulae to treat rats with ulcerative colitis was done via the induction of ulcerative colitis (UC) through administration of 5% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Celecoxib besides its formulae significantly reduced the release of Leucine rich 2 glycoprotein (LRG), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), proinflammatory cytokine expression, High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ΚB), Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3), Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), and miRNA31. Moreover, F3 significantly increased the colonic cAMP in DSS treated rats and reduced the intestinal inflammation beside healing of mucosa and restitution of the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Ali H, Khan A, Ali J, Ullah H, Khan A, Ali H, Irshad N, Khan S. Attenuation of LPS-induced acute lung injury by continentalic acid in rodents through inhibition of inflammatory mediators correlates with increased Nrf2 protein expression. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:81. [PMID: 33239093 PMCID: PMC7687815 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) together with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are associated with high rate of mortality and morbidity in patients. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory effects of continentalic acid (CNT) in LPS-induced acute lung injury model was explored. Methods The acute lung injury model was established by administering LPS (5 mg/kg) intraperitonealy. Following LPS administration, the survival rate, temperature changes and lung Wet/Dry ratio were assessed. The antioxidants (GSH, GST, Catalase and SOD) and oxidative stress markers (MDA, NO, MPO) were evaluated in all the treated groups. Similarly, the cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were analyzed using ELISA assay. The histological changes were determined using H and E staining, while Nrf2 and iNOS level were determined using immunohistochemistry analysis. The molecular docking analysis was performed to assess the pharmacokinetics parameters and interaction of the CNT with various protein targets. Results The results showed that CNT dose dependently (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced mortality rate, body temperature and lungs Wet/Dry ratio. CNT post-treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The CNT post-treatment markedly improved the hematological parameters, while significantly reduced the MPO (indicator of the neutrophilic infiltration) activity compared to the LPS treated group. Furthermore, the CNT (100 mg/kg) post-administration remarkably inhibited the lung Wet/Dry ratio. The CNT (100 mg/kg) treated group showed marked reduction in the oxidative stress markers such as malonaldehyde (MDA) and Nitric oxide (NO) concentration, while induced the level of the anti-oxidant enzymes such as GST, GSH, Catalase and SOD. Similarly, the CNT markedly reduced the iNOS expression level, while induced the Nrf2 protein expression. Additionally, the molecular docking study showed significant binding interaction with the Nrf2, p65, Keap1, HO-1, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2, while exhibited excellent physicochemical properties. Conclusion The CNT showed marked protection against the LPS-induced lung injury and improved the behavioral, biochemical and histological parameters. Furthermore, the CNT showed significant interaction with several protein targets and exhibited better physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ali
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ashrafullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ali
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hadayat Ullah
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Irshad
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Does Not Show Better Protection for Vital Organs Compared with Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Pig Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1420216. [PMID: 31119151 PMCID: PMC6500684 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1420216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Continued debates exist regarding the optimal temperature during hypothermic circulatory arrest in aortic arch repair for patients with type A aortic dissection. This study seeks to examine whether the use of moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest in a pig model provides comparable vital organ protection outcomes to the use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Methods Thirteen pigs were randomly assigned to 30 minutes of hypothermic circulatory arrest without cerebral perfusion at 15°C (n = 5), 25°C (n = 5), and a control group (n = 3). The changes in standard laboratory tests and capacity for protection against apoptosis in different vital organs were monitored with different temperatures of hypothermic circulatory arrest management in pig model to determine which temperature was optimal for hypothermic circulatory arrest. Results There were no significant differences in the capacity for protection against apoptosis in vital organs between 2 groups (p > 0.05, respectively). Compared with the moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest group, the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group had no significant advantages in terms of the biologic parameters of any other organs (p > 0.05). Conclusions Compared with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest is a moderate technique that has similar advantages with regard to the levels of biomarkers of injury and capacity for protection against apoptosis in vital organs.
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Schellhorn M, Haustein M, Frank M, Linnebacher M, Hinz B. Celecoxib increases lung cancer cell lysis by lymphokine-activated killer cells via upregulation of ICAM-1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39342-56. [PMID: 26513172 PMCID: PMC4770776 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumorigenic mechanism of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib is still a matter of debate. Using lung cancer cell lines (A549, H460) and metastatic cells derived from a lung cancer patient, the present study investigates the impact of celecoxib on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and cancer cell lysis by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Celecoxib, but not other structurally related selective COX-2 inhibitors (i.e., etoricoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib), was found to cause a substantial upregulation of ICAM-1 protein levels. Likewise, ICAM-1 mRNA expression was increased by celecoxib. Celecoxib enhanced the susceptibility of cancer cells to be lysed by LAK cells with the respective effect being reversed by a neutralizing ICAM-1 antibody. In addition, enhanced killing of celecoxib-treated cancer cells was reversed by preincubation of LAK cells with an antibody to lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), suggesting intercellular ICAM-1/LFA-1 crosslink as crucial event within this process. Finally, celecoxib elicited no significant increase of LAK cell-mediated lysis of non-tumor bronchial epithelial cells, BEAS-2B, associated with a far less ICAM-1 induction as compared to cancer cells. Altogether, our data demonstrate celecoxib-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 on lung cancer cells to be responsible for intercellular ICAM-1/LFA-1 crosslink that confers increased cancer cell lysis by LAK cells. These findings provide proof for a novel antitumorigenic mechanism of celecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Schellhorn
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maria Haustein
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcus Frank
- Electron Microscopy Center, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Section of Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of General Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Kobayashi K, Horikami D, Omori K, Nakamura T, Yamazaki A, Maeda S, Murata T. Thromboxane A2 exacerbates acute lung injury via promoting edema formation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32109. [PMID: 27562142 PMCID: PMC4999811 DOI: 10.1038/srep32109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is produced in the lungs of patients suffering from acute lung injury (ALI). We assessed its contribution in disease progression using three different ALI mouse models. The administration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) or oleic acid (OA)+ lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused tissue edema and neutrophil infiltration with TXA2 production in the lungs of the experimental mice. The administration of LPS induced only neutrophil accumulation without TXA2 production. Pretreatment with T prostanoid receptor (TP) antagonist attenuated the tissue edema but not neutrophil infiltration in these models. Intravital imaging and immunostaining demonstrated that administration of TP agonist caused vascular hyper-permeability by disrupting the endothelial barrier formation in the mouse ear. In vitro experiments showed that TP-stimulation disrupted the endothelial adherens junction, and it was inhibited by Ca2+ channel blockade or Rho kinase inhibition. Thus endogenous TXA2 exacerbates ALI, and its blockade attenuates it by modulating the extent of lung edema. This can be explained by the endothelial hyper-permeability caused by the activation of TXA2-TP axis, via Ca2+- and Rho kinase-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kobayashi
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate school of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Horikami
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate school of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Omori
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate school of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nakamura
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate school of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamazaki
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate school of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate school of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate school of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Yi NY, Newman DR, Zhang H, Morales Johansson H, Sannes PL. Heparin and LPS-induced COX-2 expression in airway cells: a link between its anti-inflammatory effects and GAG sulfation. Exp Lung Res 2016; 41:499-513. [PMID: 26495958 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1091053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Previous studies have indicated that the sulfated polysaccharide heparin has anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanistic basis for these effects has not been fully elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS NCI-H292 (mucoepidermoid) and HBE-1 (normal) human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with LPS alone or in the presence of high-molecular-weight (HMW) fully sulfated heparin or desulfated HMW heparin. Cells were harvested to examine the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, p38, and NF-kB p65 and COX-2 protein expression by Western blot and gene expression of both COX-2 and CXCL-8 by TaqMan qRT-PCR. RESULTS Heparin is known to exert an influence on receptor-mediated signaling through its ability to both potentiate and inhibit the receptor-ligand interaction, depending upon its concentration. In H292 cells, fully-sulfated HMW heparin significantly reduced LPS-induced gene expression of both COX-2 and CXCL-8 for up to 48 hours, while desulfated heparin had little to no significant suppressive effect on signaling or on COX-2 gene or protein expression. Desulfated heparin, initially ineffective at preventing LPS-induced CXCL8 up-regulation, reduced CXCL8 transcription at 24 hours. In contrast, in normal HBE-1 cells, fully sulfated heparin significantly suppressed only ERK signaling, COX-2 gene expression at 12 hours, and CXCL-8 gene expression at 6 and 12 hours, while desulfated heparin had no significant effects on LPS-stimulated signaling or on gene or protein expression. Sulfation determines heparin's influence and may reflect the moderating role of GAG sulfation in lung injury and health. CONCLUSIONS Heparin's anti-inflammatory effects result from its nonspecific suppression of signaling and gene expression and are determined by its sulfation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Yi
- a Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina , USA
| | - Donna R Newman
- a Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina , USA
| | - Huiying Zhang
- a Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina , USA
| | - Helena Morales Johansson
- a Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina , USA
| | - Philip L Sannes
- a Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina , USA
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Vascular KCNQ (Kv7) potassium channels as common signaling intermediates and therapeutic targets in cerebral vasospasm. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:51-62. [PMID: 23107868 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182771708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is characterized by prolonged severe constriction of the basilar artery, which often leads to ischemic brain damage. Locally elevated concentrations of spasmogenic substances induce persistent depolarization of myocytes in the basilar artery, leading to continuous influx of calcium (Ca) through voltage-sensitive Ca channels and myocyte contraction. Potassium (K) channel openers may have therapeutic utility to oppose membrane depolarization, dilate the arteries, and reduce ischemia. Here, we examined the involvement of vascular Kv7 K channels in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm and tested whether Kv7 channel openers are effective therapeutic agents in a rat model of SAH. Patch-clamp experiments revealed that 3 different spasmogens (serotonin, endothelin, and vasopressin) suppressed Kv7 currents and depolarized freshly isolated rat basilar artery myocytes. These effects were significantly reduced in the presence of a Kv7 channel opener, retigabine. Retigabine (10 μM) also significantly blocked L-type Ca channels, reducing peak inward currents by >50%. In the presence of a selective Kv7 channel blocker, XE991, the spasmogens did not produce additive constriction responses measured using pressure myography. Kv7 channel openers (retigabine or celecoxib) significantly attenuated basilar artery spasm in rats with experimentally induced SAH. In conclusion, we identify Kv7 channels as common targets of vasoconstrictor spasmogens and as candidates for therapeutic intervention for cerebral vasospasm.
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Anti-inflammatory role of PGD2 in acute lung inflammation and therapeutic application of its signal enhancement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5205-10. [PMID: 23479612 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1218091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) signaling in acute lung injury (ALI), focusing on its producer-effector interaction in vivo. Administration of endotoxin increased edema and neutrophil infiltration in the WT mouse lung. Gene disruption of hematopoietic PGD synthase (H-PGDS) aggravated all of the symptoms. Experiments involving bone marrow transplantation between WT and H-PGDS-deficient mice showed that PGD2 derived from alveolar nonhematopoietic lineage cells (i.e., endothelial cells and epithelial cells) promotes vascular barrier function during the early phase (day 1), whereas neutrophil-derived PGD2 attenuates its own infiltration and cytokine expression during the later phase (day 3) of ALI. Treatment with either an agonist to the PGD2 receptor, DP, or a degradation product of PGD2, 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-PGJ2, exerted a therapeutic action against ALI. Data obtained from bone marrow transplantation between WT and DP-deficient mice suggest that the DP signal in alveolar endothelial cells is crucial for the anti-inflammatory reactions of PGD2. In vitro, DP agonism directly enhanced endothelial barrier formation, and 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-PGJ2 attenuated both neutrophil migration and cytokine expression. These observations indicate that the PGD2 signaling between alveolar endothelial/epithelial cells and infiltrating neutrophils provides anti-inflammatory effects in ALI, and suggest the therapeutic potential of these signaling enhancements.
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Ni YF, Jiang T, Cheng QS, Gu ZP, Zhu YF, Zhang ZP, Wang J, Yan XL, Wang WP, Ke CK, Han Y, Li XF. Protective Effect of Magnolol on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Inflammation 2012; 35:1860-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Ang SF, Sio SWS, Moochhala SM, MacAry PA, Bhatia M. Hydrogen sulfide upregulates cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E metabolite in sepsis-evoked acute lung injury via transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channel activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4778-87. [PMID: 21957141 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has been shown to promote transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1)-mediated neurogenic inflammation in sepsis and its associated multiple organ failure, including acute lung injury (ALI). Accumulating evidence suggests that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/PGE(2) pathway plays an important role in augmenting inflammatory immune response in sepsis and respiratory diseases. However, the interactions among H(2)S, COX-2, and PGE(2) in inciting sepsis-evoked ALI remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether H(2)S would upregulate COX-2 and work in conjunction with it to instigate ALI in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in male Swiss mice. dl-propargylglycine, an inhibitor of H(2)S formation, was administrated 1 h before or 1 h after CLP, whereas sodium hydrosulfide, an H(2)S donor, was given during CLP. Mice were treated with TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine 30 min before CLP, followed by assessment of lung COX-2 and PGE(2) metabolite (PGEM) levels. Additionally, septic mice were administrated with parecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, 20 min post-CLP and subjected to ALI and survival analysis. H(2)S augmented COX-2 and PGEM production in sepsis-evoked ALI by a TRPV1 channel-dependent mechanism. COX-2 inhibition with parecoxib attenuated H(2)S-augmented lung PGEM production, neutrophil infiltration, edema, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules levels, restored lung histoarchitecture, and protected against CLP-induced lethality. The strong anti-inflammatory and antiseptic actions of selective COX-2 inhibitor may provide a potential therapeutic approach for the management of sepsis and sepsis-associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seah-Fang Ang
- Immunology Program, Center for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore
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15
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Vircheva S, Nenkova G, Georgieva A, Alexandrova A, Tzvetanova E, Mateeva P, Zamfirova R, Kirkova M. Effects of desipramine on the antioxidant status in rat tissues at carrageenan-induced paw inflammation. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 30:18-23. [PMID: 21953526 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of many diseases and different pathological conditions, including inflammation, is associated with excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the antidepressant desipramine (DES) on carrageenan (CG)-induced inflammation, as well as on the endogenous levels of cell enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidants in rat liver and spleen, 4 and 24 h after CG injection. The intra-plantar CG injection into the right hind paw resulted in a time-dependent increase in the paw volume; the maximum of CG-induced edema peak was in 2-4 h. A single DES dose of 20 mg · kg(-1) , administered 30 min before CG, had no effect on paw edema, whereas the higher drug dose used (50 mg · kg(-1) ) suppressed the edematous response to CG. The latter drug dose protected CG-induced decrease of glutathione (non-enzyme antioxidant) in the liver; it did not affect CG-unchanged activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (enzyme antioxidants) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (enzyme, important for the activity of glutathione-conjugated antioxidant enzymes) in both liver and spleen. The drug showed an efficient antioxidant capacity in ROS-generating chemical systems; it was higher than that of fluoxetine (another type of antidepressant). The present results suggest that the good antioxidant activity of DES might contribute to its beneficial effects in liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Vircheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Vircheva S, Alexandrova A, Georgieva A, Mateeva P, Zamfirova R, Kubera M, Kirkova M. In vivo effects of pentoxifylline on enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant levels in rat liver after carrageenan-induced paw inflammation. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 28:668-72. [PMID: 21104934 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the carrageenan (CG)-induced paw oedema and on the endogenous levels of cell enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidants in rat liver, 4 and 24 h after CG injection. PTX (50 mg kg(-1) , i.p.), administered 30 min before CG, decreased the paw oedema, 2-4 h after CG administration. The drug protected CG-induced decrease of glutathione (non-enzyme antioxidant) and had no effect on CG-unchanged activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (enzyme antioxidants) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (enzyme, important for the activity of GSH-conjugated antioxidant enzymes). The drug showed a good antioxidant capacity in chemical systems, generating reactive oxygen species. The present results suggest that the antioxidant activity of PTX might contribute to its beneficial effects in liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Vircheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Sio SWS, Ang SF, Lu J, Moochhala S, Bhatia M. Substance P Upregulates Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin E Metabolite by Activating ERK1/2 and NF-κB in a Mouse Model of Burn-Induced Remote Acute Lung Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:6265-76. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ceccarelli M, Bani D, Cinci L, Nistri S, Uliva C, Ragazzo E, Vannacci A, Manoni M, Gori AM, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Masini E. Anti-inflammatory effects of low molecular weight heparin derivative in a rat model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 13:2704-12. [PMID: 20141620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight heparin derivatives are characterized by low anti-coagulant activity and marked anti-inflammatory effects that allow for these molecules to be viewed as a new class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We show here that K5NOSepiLMW, an O-sulphated heparin-like semi-synthetic polymer of the D-glucuronic acid-N-acetyleparoson disaccharide unit with low molecular weight, has marked anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of acute inflammation, the carrageenan-induced pleurisy, commonly used to test NSAID efficacy. A 30-min. pre-treatment with K5NOSepiLMW (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg b.wt., given intrapleurally) attenuated the recruitment of leucocytes in the lung tissue and the pleural exudate, inhibited the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), thereby abating the generation of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins such as PgE(2) and PGF(1alpha), reduced the inflammation-induced nitroxidative lung tissue injury, as shown by tissue thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and nitrotyrosine, and blunted the local generation of cytokines such as interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. All these parameters were markedly increased by intrapleural carrageenan in the absence of any pre-treatment. The anti-inflammatory action of K5NOSepiLMW is specific, as judged by the lack of therapeutic effects of B4/110, a biologically inactive cognate polysaccharide, given in the place of the authentic molecule. Moreover, K5NOSepiLMW showed similar effects as celecoxib (1 mg/kg b.wt), a COX-2 inhibitor and well-known NSAID. This study provides further insight into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of heparin derivatives in inflammation and identifies K5NOSepiLMW as a novel, promising anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Ceccarelli M, Bani D, Cinci L, Nistri S, Uliva C, Ragazzo E, Vannacci A, Manoni M, Gori AM, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Masini E. Anti-inflammatory effects of low molecular weight heparin derivative in a rat model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. J Cell Mol Med 2010. [PMID: 20141620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight heparin derivatives are characterized by low anti-coagulant activity and marked anti-inflammatory effects that allow for these molecules to be viewed as a new class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We show here that K5NOSepiLMW, an O-sulphated heparin-like semi-synthetic polymer of the D-glucuronic acid-N-acetyleparoson disaccharide unit with low molecular weight, has marked anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of acute inflammation, the carrageenan-induced pleurisy, commonly used to test NSAID efficacy. A 30-min. pre-treatment with K5NOSepiLMW (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg b.wt., given intrapleurally) attenuated the recruitment of leucocytes in the lung tissue and the pleural exudate, inhibited the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), thereby abating the generation of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins such as PgE(2) and PGF(1alpha), reduced the inflammation-induced nitroxidative lung tissue injury, as shown by tissue thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and nitrotyrosine, and blunted the local generation of cytokines such as interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. All these parameters were markedly increased by intrapleural carrageenan in the absence of any pre-treatment. The anti-inflammatory action of K5NOSepiLMW is specific, as judged by the lack of therapeutic effects of B4/110, a biologically inactive cognate polysaccharide, given in the place of the authentic molecule. Moreover, K5NOSepiLMW showed similar effects as celecoxib (1 mg/kg b.wt), a COX-2 inhibitor and well-known NSAID. This study provides further insight into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of heparin derivatives in inflammation and identifies K5NOSepiLMW as a novel, promising anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Effects of Liver x receptor agonist treatment on signal transduction pathways in acute lung inflammation. Respir Res 2010; 11:19. [PMID: 20175894 PMCID: PMC2836283 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver × receptor α (LXRα) and β (LXRβ) are members of the nuclear receptor super family of ligand-activated transcription factors, a super family which includes the perhaps better known glucocorticoid receptor, estrogen receptor, thyroid receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. There is limited evidence that LXL activation may reduces acute lung inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of T0901317, a potent LXR receptor ligand, in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. Methods Injection of carrageenan into the pleural cavity of mice elicited an acute inflammatory response characterized by: accumulation of fluid containing a large number of neutrophils (PMNs) in the pleural cavity, infiltration of PMNs in lung tissues and subsequent lipid peroxidation, and increased production of nitrite/nitrate (NOx), tumor necrosis factor-α, (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Furthermore, carrageenan induced the expression of iNOS, nitrotyrosine and PARP, as well as induced apoptosis (TUNEL staining and Bax and Bcl-2 expression) in the lung tissues. Results Administration of T0901317, 30 min after the challenge with carrageenan, caused a significant reduction in a dose dependent manner of all the parameters of inflammation measured. Conclusions Thus, based on these findings we propose that LXR ligand such as T0901317, may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
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In-vivo effects of nociceptin and its structural analogue [Orn9] nociceptin on the antioxidant status of rat blood and liver after carrageenan-induced paw inflammation. Open Med (Wars) 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-009-0117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells is well balanced with their elimination by the antioxidant defence system. This balance is essential for maintenance of physiological conditions, and its disturbance (oxidative stress) has been suggested as a potential pathogenic mechanism in a variety of diseases, accompanied by inflammation. In this study, the in-vivo effects of nociceptin (N/OFQ(1–13)NH2) and its structure analogue [Orn9]N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 were studied on markers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes and liver of rats 4 hours after subplantar administration of carrageenan (CG) (1%, 100 µl) in the right hind paw. A considerable inflammatory oedema of the paw was observed. CG did not change blood haemoglobin content, hematocrit value, glutathione level and antioxidant enzyme activities in the erythrocytes, but there was an increase in lipid peroxidation. In liver, CG-induced imbalance was manifested by an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in glutathione level. Both peptides (20 µg, i.p.), when administered alone, had no effect on all parameters tested. When either [Orn9]N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 or N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 was injected simultaneously with CG or 15 minutes before it, they did not affect the CG-induced changes in the antioxidant status of the erythrocytes and liver. Our results suggest that the peptides tested did not play a role in the free radical processes that accompany CG-induced paw inflammation.
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In vivo effects of N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 and its structural analogue [ORN9]N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 on carrageenan-induced inflammation: rat-paw oedema and antioxidant status. Open Life Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-009-0006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe effects of nociceptin(1–13)NH2 (N/OFQ(1–13)NH2) and its structural analogue [Orn9]N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 on acute carrageenan (CG)-induced peripheral inflammation and paw antioxidant status were studied. CG was injected intraplantarly in the right hind paw of rats and the volume of the inflamed paw was measured each 30 min for a period of 4h. When administered simultaneously with CG, N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 decreased the paw volume, whereas if injected 15 min before CG it had no effect. [Orn9]N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 produced the opposite effects at the same time-intervals of its administration. We also investigated whether these neuropeptides influence CG-induced changes in cell antioxidant system, especially at the 4th hour of CG administration. CG alone decreased the glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity, as measured in post-nuclear homogenate of the inflamed paw. However, CG injection increased glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase activities, while the activity of glutathione reductase was unchanged. The peptides themselves did not change all measured parameters. Moreover, neither N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 nor [Orn9]N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 modified CG-induced changes in the antioxidant status, regardless of the time of their injection (simultaneously or 15 min before CG). The present results suggest that N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 and [Orn9]N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 most likely affect the neuronal inflammation, rather than act as pro- or antioxidants.
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Persaud-Sawin DA, Banach L, Harry GJ. Raft aggregation with specific receptor recruitment is required for microglial phagocytosis of Abeta42. Glia 2009; 57:320-35. [PMID: 18756527 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Microglial phagocytosis contributes to the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Mechanisms involved, however, remain unclear. Using Abeta(42) solely as a stimulant, we provide novel insight into regulation of microglial phagocytosis by rafts. We demonstrate the existence of an Abeta(42) threshold level of 250 pg/mL, above which microglial phagocytic function is impaired. Low levels of Abeta(42) facilitate fluorescent bead uptake, whereas phagocytosis is inhibited when Abeta(42) accumulates. We also show that region-specific raft clustering occurs before microglial phagocytosis. Low Abeta(42) levels stimulated this type of raft aggregation, but high Abeta(42) levels inhibited it. Additionally, treatment with high Abeta(42) concentrations caused a redistribution of the raft structural protein flotillin1 from low to higher density fractions along a sucrose gradient. This suggests a loss of raft structural integrity. Certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, e.g., the cyclooxygenase 2-specific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, celecoxib, raise Abeta(42) levels. We demonstrated that prolonged celecoxib exposure can disrupt rafts in a manner similar to that seen in an elevated Abeta(42) environment: abnormal raft aggregation and Flot1 distribution. This resulted in aberrant receptor recruitment to rafts and impaired receptor-mediated phagocytosis by microglial cells. Specifically, recruitment of the scavenger receptor CD36 to rafts during active phagocytosis was affected. Thus, we propose that maintaining raft integrity is crucial for determining microglial phagocytic outcomes and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixie-Ann Persaud-Sawin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Neurotoxicology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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Nocentini G, Cuzzocrea S, Bianchini R, Mazzon E, Riccardi C. Modulation of acute and chronic inflammation of the lung by GITR and its ligand. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1107:380-91. [PMID: 17804566 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1381.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR) protein, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is expressed in many components of the innate and adaptive immune system and modulates their activation following interaction with its ligand (GITRL). Here we review and discuss results described in previous publications where the role of the GITR/GITRL system in lung inflammation was evaluated using two experimental systems. We also discuss the proinflammatory role played by the GITR/GITRL system and the potential use of GITR fusion protein in inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Nocentini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06100 Perugia, Italy
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Aimbire F, Lopes-Martins RAB, Albertini R, Pacheco MTT, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Martins PSLL, Bjordal JM. Effect of low-level laser therapy on hemorrhagic lesions induced by immune complex in rat lungs. Photomed Laser Surg 2007; 25:112-7. [PMID: 17508847 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2006.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate if low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can modulate formation of hemorrhagic lesions induced by immune complex. BACKGROUND DATA There is a lack of information on LLLT effects in hemorrhagic injuries of high perfusion organs, and the relative efficacy of LLLT compared to anti-inflammatory drugs. METHODS A controlled animal study was undertaken with 49 male Wistar rats randomly divided into seven groups. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) i.v. was injected through the trachea to induce an immune complex lung injury. The study compared the effect of irradiation by a 650-nm Ga-Al-As laser with LLLT doses of 2.6 Joules/cm(2) to celecoxib, dexamethasone, and control groups for hemorrhagic index (HI) and myeloperoxide activity (MPO) at 24 h after injury. RESULTS The HI for the control group was 4.0 (95% CI, 3.7-4.3). Celecoxib, LLLT, and dexamethasone all induced significantly (p < 0.01) lower HI than control animals at 2.5 (95% CI, 1.9-3.1), 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.4), and 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9-2.1), respectively, for all comparisons to control. Dexamethasone, but not celecoxib, induced a slightly, but significantly lower HI than LLLT (p = 0.04). MPO activity was significantly decreased in groups receiving celecoxib at 0.87 (95% CI, 0.63-1.11), dexamethasone at 0.50 (95% CI, 0.24-0.76), and LLLT at 0.7 (95% CI, 0.44-0.96) when compared to the control group, at 1.6 (95% CI, 1.34-1.96; p < 0.01), but there were no significant differences between any of the active treatments. CONCLUSION LLLT at a dose of 2.6 Joules/cm(2) induces a reduction of HI levels and MPO activity in hemorrhagic injury that is not significantly different from celecoxib. Dexamethasone is slightly more effective than LLLT in reducing HI, but not MPO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aimbire
- Laboratory of Animal Experimentation, Research and Development Institute (IP&D), Vale do Paraíba University (UNIVAP), São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Kirkova M, Alexandova A, Kesiova M, Tsvetanova E, Georgieva A, Todorov S. Potential antioxidant activity of celecoxib and amtolmetin guacyl: in vitro studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 27:13-8. [PMID: 17199871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.2006.00391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
1. In vitro studies of the potential antioxidant activity of the selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib and the non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug amtolmetin guacyl (AMG) were carried out. The study included experiments on the ability of these drugs to affect some indices of the oxidative stress [lipid peroxidation (LP), activity of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (GSH) level] in rat stomach and colon mucosa and in liver. 2. Celecoxib and AMG did not change the activity of the enzymes GSH-peroxidase, oxidased glutathione (GSSG)-reductase and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, as well as the GSH level in all tissue preparations. An increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and a tendency to a decreased Fe/ascorbic acid-induced LP in stomach and colon mucosa were found, but only in the presence of AMG. 3. In the liver, both celecoxib and AMG decreased spontaneous and Fe/ascorbic acid-induced LP. SOD activity was enhanced only in the presence of AMG. 4. Experiments aimed at studying celecoxib and AMG in free oxygen radical-generating systems were also carried out. AMG and tolmetin (the main metabolite of AMG) inhibited OH*-provoked deoxyribose degradation in a Fenton system. Celecoxib had no effect on free radicals when tested in the same system. 5. In conclusion, the results of the present in vitro studies suggest that AMG and celecoxib possess antioxidant and metal-chelating abilities, which might contribute to their beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kirkova
- Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev st, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Szabó C. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation and circulatory shock. NOVARTIS FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 280:92-103; discussion 103-7, 160-4. [PMID: 17380790 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-36005-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with increased production of reactive oxidant species. Oxidative and nitrosative stress can lead to activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), with subsequent loss of cellular functions. Activation of PARP may dramatically lower the intracellular concentration of its substrate, NAD thus slowing the rate of glycolysis, electron transport and subsequently ATP formation. This process can result in cell dysfunction and cell death. In addition, PARP enhances the expression of various pro-inflammatory mediators, via activation of NF-kappaB, MAP kinase and AP-1 and other signal transduction pathways. Preclinical studies in various rodent and large animal models demonstrate that PARP inhibition or PAR deficiency exerts beneficial effects on the haemodynamic and metabolic alterations associated with septic and haemorrhagic shock. Recent human data also support the role of PARP in septic shock: In a retrospective study in 25 septic patients, an increase in plasma troponin level was related to increased mortality risk. In patients who died, significant myocardial damage was detected, and histological analysis of heart showed inflammatory infiltration, increased collagen deposition, and derangement of mitochondrial criptae. Immunohistochemical staining for poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), the product of activated PARP was demonstrated in septic hearts. There was a positive correlation between PAR staining and troponin I; and a correlation of PAR staining and LVSSW. Thus, there is significant PARP activation in animal models subjected to circulatory shock, as well as in the hearts of septic patients. Based on the interventional studies in animals and the correlations observed in patients we propose that PARP activation may be, in part responsible for the cardiac depression and haemodynamic failure seen in humans with severe sepsis. Interestingly, recent studies reveal that the protective effects of PARP inhibitors are predominant in male animals, and are not apparent in female animals. Oestrogen, by providing a baseline inhibitory effect on PARP activation, may be partially responsible for this gender difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabó
- Department of Surgery, UMD NJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Patel NSA, Cuzzocrea S, Collino M, Chaterjee PK, Mazzon E, Britti D, Yaqoob MM, Thiemermann C. The role of cycloxygenase-2 in the rodent kidney following ischaemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 562:148-54. [PMID: 17343844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the pathophysiology of renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury is still not fully understood. In order to elucidate the role of COX-2 in ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the kidney, we have evaluated the effects of ischaemia/reperfusion on renal dysfunction and injury in (i) rats treated with either vehicle or the selective COX-2 inhibitor parecoxib, and (ii) wild-type mice or mice in which the gene for COX-2 has been deleted (COX-2 knock-out mice or COX-2(-/-)). Rats were subjected to bilateral renal ischaemia (45 min) and reperfusion (6 h), and received parecoxib (20 mg/kg, i.v.) 30 min prior to ischaemia and 3 h after the commencement of reperfusion. Serum urea, serum creatinine, serum aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine clearance and fractional excretion of sodium were all used as indicators of renal dysfunction and injury. Mice (wild-type and COX-2(-/-)) were subjected to bilateral renal ischaemia (30 min) and reperfusion (24 h) after which renal dysfunction (serum urea and creatinine) and renal injury was assessed by histological analysis. Parecoxib significantly augmented the degree of renal dysfunction and injury caused by ischaemia/reperfusion in the rat. In addition, the degree of renal injury and dysfunction caused by ischaemia/reperfusion was also significantly augmented in COX-2(-/-) mice when compared to their wild-type littermates. These findings support the view that metabolites of COX-2 protect the kidney against ischaemia/reperfusion injury, and (ii) that selective inhibitors of COX-2 may worsen renal dysfunction and injury in conditions associated with renal ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimesh S A Patel
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Nephrology and Critical Care, William Harvey Research Institute, St. Bartholomew's and The Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary - University of London, London, UK.
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Cuzzocrea S, Crisafulli C, Mazzon E, Esposito E, Muià C, Abdelrahman M, Di Paola R, Thiemermann C. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta attenuates the development of carrageenan-induced lung injury in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:687-702. [PMID: 17016509 PMCID: PMC2014652 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a ubiquitous serine-threonine protein kinase that participates in a multitude of cellular processes and has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GSK-3beta inhibition in a model of acute inflammation. Here, we have investigated the effects of TDZD-8, a potent and selective GSK-3beta inhibitor, in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Injection of carrageenan into the pleural cavity of mice elicited an acute inflammatory response characterized by: accumulation of fluid containing a large number of neutrophils (PMNs) in the pleural cavity, infiltration of PMNs in lung tissues and subsequent lipid peroxidation, and increased production of nitrite/nitrate (NOx), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumour necrosis factor-alpha, (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Furthermore, carrageenan induced an upregulation of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and P-selectin, iNOS, COX-2 as well as nitrotyrosine as determined by immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissues. KEY RESULTS Administration of TDZD-8 (1, 3 or 10 mg kg(-1), i.p.), 30 min prior to injection of carrageenan, caused a dose-dependent reduction in all the parameters of inflammation measured. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Thus, based on these findings we propose that inhibitors of the activity of GSK-3beta, such as TDZD-8, may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Cuzzocrea S, Nocentini G, Di Paola R, Agostini M, Mazzon E, Ronchetti S, Crisafulli C, Esposito E, Caputi AP, Riccardi C. Proinflammatory role of glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related gene in acute lung inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:631-41. [PMID: 16785561 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.1.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related gene (GITR) participates in the immune/inflammatory response. Because GITR expression has been described in cells other than T lymphocytes, we investigated whether it also modulates acute inflammatory response. Using GITR-deficient (GITR(-/-)) mice, we analyzed the role of GITR in the development of carrageenan-induced lung inflammation (pleurisy) by studying several proinflammatory markers 2-8 h after carrageenan injection. When compared with GITR(+/+), GITR(-/-) mice exhibited decreased production of turbid exudate containing a lower number of leukocytes. This was correlated with the reduction of inflammatory markers (including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, myeloperoxidase, inducible NO synthase, and cyclooxygenase 2) in the pleural exudate and/or in the lung. Moreover, endothelial cells expressed lower levels of adhesion molecules. In lungs of GITR(+/+) mice, GITR ligand expression was not modulated during pleurisy, while that of GITR increased, as a consequence of increased infiltration by GITR-expressing cells and of GITR up-regulation in macrophages and endothelial cells. Finally, cotreatment of GITR(+/+) mice with carrageenan and Fc-GITR fusion protein decreased the number of inflammatory cells (pleural macrophages and lung neutrophils) as compared with carrageenan treatment alone, confirming that GITR plays a role in the modulation of pleurisy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Dipartimento Clinico e Sperimentale di Medicina e Farmacologia, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, 98123 Messina, Italy.
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Aimbire F, Albertini R, Pacheco MTT, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Leonardo PSLM, Iversen VV, Lopes-Martins RAB, Bjordal JM. Low-level laser therapy induces dose-dependent reduction of TNFalpha levels in acute inflammation. Photomed Laser Surg 2006; 24:33-7. [PMID: 16503786 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2006.24.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate if low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can modulate acute inflammation and tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) levels. BACKGROUND DATA Drug therapy with TNFalpha-inhibitors has become standard treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, but it is unknown if LLLT can reduce or modulate TNFalpha levels in inflammatory disorders. METHODS Two controlled animal studies were undertaken, with 35 male Wistar rats randomly divided into five groups each. Rabbit antiserum to ovalbumin was instilled intrabronchially in one of the lobes, followed by the intravenous injection of 10 mg of ovalbumin in 0.5 mL to induce acute lung injury. The first study served to define the time profile of TNFalpha activity for the first 4 h, while the second study compared three different LLLT doses to a control group and a chlorpromazine group at a timepoint where TNFalpha activity was increased. The rats in LLLT groups were irradiated within 5 min at the site of injury by a 650-nm Ga-Al-As laser. RESULTS There was a time-lag before TNFalpha activity increased after BSA injection. TNFalpha levels increased from < or =6.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6-8.2) units/mL in the first 3 h to 62.1 (95% CI, 60.8-63.4) units/mL (p < 0.001) at 4 h. An LLLT dose of 0.11 Joules administered with a power density of 31.3 mW/cm(2) in 42 sec significantly reduced TNFalpha level to 50.2 (95% CI, 49.4-51.0), p < 0.01 units/mL versus control. Chlorpromazine reduced TNFalpha level to 45.3 (95% CI, 44.0-46.6) units/mL, p < 0.001 versus control. CONCLUSION LLLT can reduce TNFalpha expression after acute immunocomplex lung injury in rats, but LLLT dose appears to be critical for reducing TNFalpha release.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aimbire
- Research Group of Fluorescence, IP&D UNIVAP R. Shishima Hifumi, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Park GY, Christman JW. Involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandins in the molecular pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 290:L797-805. [PMID: 16603593 PMCID: PMC4358817 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00513.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and its metabolites have diverse and potent biological actions that are important for both physiological and disease states of lung. The wide variety of prostaglandin (PG) products are influenced by the level of cellular activation, the exact nature of the stimulus, and the specific cell type involved in their production. In turn, the anti- and proinflammatory response of PG is mediated by a blend of specific surface and intracellular receptors that mediate diverse cellular events. The complexity of this system is being at least partially resolved by the generation of specific molecular biological research tools that include cloning and characterization of the enzymes distal to COX-2 and the corresponding receptors to the final cellular products of arachidonic metabolism. The most informative of these approaches have employed genetically modified animals and specific receptor antagonists to determine the exact role of specific COX-2-derived metabolites on specific cell types of the lung in the context of inflammatory models. These data have suggested a number of cell-specific, pathway-specific, and receptor-specific approaches that could lead to effective therapeutic interventions for most inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gye Young Park
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Illinois, 840 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Lukkarinen H, Laine J, Aho H, Asikainen E, Penttinen P, Kääpä P. Inhibition of COX-2 aggravates neutrophil migration and pneumocyte apoptosis in surfactant-depleted rat lungs. Pediatr Res 2006; 59:412-7. [PMID: 16492981 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000200798.79840.3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation and parenchymal apoptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of the acute lung injury, but the mechanisms of these reactions are still unclear. Because inhibition of the proinflammatory cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme action is proposed to be useful in various inflammatory lung injuries, we decided to investigate the expression of COX-2 and the possible beneficial effects of its inhibition on pulmonary inflammation and apoptosis in surfactant-depleted lungs. The injury was induced in 2-mo-old rats by repeated lung lavage to remove alveolar surfactant. Eight of these rats were pretreated with a specific COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398. All rats, including control rats without lung lavage, were ventilated with 60% oxygen for 5 h, and the lungs were then studied histologically for tissue injury and with DNA nick-end labeling, cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy for apoptotic cell death. Lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity and the expression of COX-2 protein and concentration of prostaglandin E2 were additionally analyzed. Lung lavage increased pulmonary neutrophil migration, histologic injury, and the occurrence of epithelial apoptosis. In contrast, expression of COX-2 and amount of PGE2 were significantly lower in surfactant-depleted lungs than controls. Pretreatment with the COX-2 inhibitor further increased the migration of neutrophils and occurrence of epithelial apoptosis in the surfactant-depleted lungs, compared with nontreated insulted lungs. These results suggest that specific inhibitors of COX-2 should be used cautiously in association with surfactant-deficient lung injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Lukkarinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Thakkar H, Sharma RK, Mishra AK, Chuttani K, Murthy RR. Albumin microspheres as carriers for the antiarthritic drug celecoxib. AAPS PharmSciTech 2005; 6:E65-73. [PMID: 16353965 PMCID: PMC2750413 DOI: 10.1208/pt060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the preparation of celecoxib-loaded albumin microspheres and the biodistribution of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-labeled celecoxib as well as its microspheres after intravenous administration. Microspheres were prepared using a natural polymer BSA using emulsification chemical cross-linking method. The prepared microspheres were characterized for entrapment efficiency, particle size, and in vitro drug release. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Biodistribution studies were performed by radiolabeling celecoxib (CS) and its microspheres (CMS) using (99m)Tc and injecting arthritic rats intravenously. The geometric mean diameter of the microspheres was found to be 5.46 microm. In vitro release studies indicated that the microspheres sustained the release of the drug for 6 days. Radioactivity measured in different organs after intravenous administration of celecoxib solution showed a significant amount of radioactivity in the liver and spleen. In case of celecoxib-loaded microspheres, a significant amount of radioactivity accumulated in the lungs. No significant difference (P > .1) in the radioactivity was observed between the inflamed joint and the noninflamed joint following intravenous injection of (99m)Tc-CS. However, in case of the microspheres (CMS), the radioactivity present in the inflamed joint was 2.5-fold higher than in the noninflamed joint. The blood kinetic studies revealed that celecoxib-loaded albumin microspheres exhibited prolonged circulation than the celecoxib solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetal Thakkar
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre of Relevance and Excellence in New Drug Delivery system Pharmacy Department, Donor's Plaza, Opposite to University main office, MS University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, 390 002 Vadodara, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre of Relevance and Excellence in New Drug Delivery system Pharmacy Department, Donor's Plaza, Opposite to University main office, MS University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, 390 002 Vadodara, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Radiopharmaceuticals and Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Road, 110 054 Delhi, India
| | - Krishna Chuttani
- Division of Radiopharmaceuticals and Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Road, 110 054 Delhi, India
| | - Rayasa Ramchandra Murthy
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre of Relevance and Excellence in New Drug Delivery system Pharmacy Department, Donor's Plaza, Opposite to University main office, MS University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, 390 002 Vadodara, India
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Szabó C. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation by reactive nitrogen species--relevance for the pathogenesis of inflammation. Nitric Oxide 2005; 14:169-79. [PMID: 16111903 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative and nitrosative stress triggers DNA strand breakage, which then activates the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Nitrogen-derived reactive oxidant species capable of involving DNA single strand breakage and PARP activation include peroxynitrite (the reaction product of nitric oxide and superoxide), but not nitric oxide per se. Activation of PARP may dramatically lower the intracellular concentration of its substrate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, thus slowing the rate of glycolysis, electron transport, and subsequently ATP formation. This process can result in cell dysfunction and cell death. Here we review the role of reactive nitrogen species in the process of PARP activation, followed by the effect of pharmacological inhibition or genetic inactivation of PARP on the course of various forms of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabó
- Department of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.
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Cuzzocrea S, Pisano B, Dugo L, Ianaro A, Maffia P, Patel NSA, Di Paola R, Ialenti A, Genovese T, Chatterjee PK, Di Rosa M, Caputi AP, Thiemermann C. Rosiglitazone, a ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, reduces acute inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 483:79-93. [PMID: 14709329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that are related to retinoid, steroid and thyroid hormone receptors. The PPAR-gamma receptor subtype appears to play a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and inflammation. The thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone (Avandia) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, that was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of rosiglitazone in animal models of acute inflammation (carrageenan-induced paw oedema and carrageenan-induced pleurisy). We report here for the first time that rosiglitazone (given at 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg i.p. concomitantly with carrageenan injection in the paw oedema model, or at 3, 10 or 30 mg/kg i.p. 15 min before carrageenan administration in the pleurisy model) exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects (e.g. inhibition of paw oedema, pleural exudate formation, mononuclear cell infiltration and histological injury) in vivo. Furthermore, rosiglitazone reduced: (1) the increase in the staining (immunohistochemistry) for nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), (2) the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) and P-selectin in the lungs of carrageenan-treated rats. In order to elucidate whether the protective effect of rosiglitazone is related to activation of the PPAR-gamma receptor, we also investigated the effect of a PPAR-gamma antagonist, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), on the protective effects of rosiglitazone. BADGE (30 mg/kg i.p.) administered 30 min prior to treatment with rosiglitazone significantly antagonized the effect of the PPAR-gamma agonist and thus abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of rosiglitazone. We propose that rosiglitazone and other potent PPAR-gamma agonists may be useful in the therapy of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy.
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Chichorro JG, Lorenzetti BB, Zampronio AR. Involvement of bradykinin, cytokines, sympathetic amines and prostaglandins in formalin-induced orofacial nociception in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 141:1175-84. [PMID: 15006904 PMCID: PMC1574892 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
1. This study characterises some of the mechanisms and mediators involved in the orofacial nociception triggered by injection of formalin into the upper lip of the rat, by assessing the influence of various treatments on behavioural nociceptive responses (duration of facial rubbing) elicited either by a low subthreshold (i.e. non-nociceptive; 0.63%) or a higher concentration of the algogen (2.5%). 2. The kininase II inhibitor captopril (5 mg kg(-1), s.c.) and prostaglandin(PG) E(2) (100 ng lip(-1)) potentiated both phases of the response to 0.63% formalin, whereas tumour necrosis factor (TNF alpha; 5 pg lip(-1)), interleukin(IL)-1 beta (0.5 pg lip(-1)), IL-6 (2 ng lip(-1)) and IL-8 (200 pg lip(-1)), or the indirectly acting sympathomimetic drug tyramine (200 microg lip(-1)), each augmented only the second phase of nociception. 3. Conversely, both phases of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin were inhibited by the bradykinin (BK) B(2) receptor antagonist HOE140 (5 microg lip(-1)) or the selective beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol (100 microg lip(-1)). However, the BK B(1) receptor antagonist des-Arg(9)-Leu(8)-BK (1 and 2 microg lip(-1)), antibody and/or antiserum against each of the cytokines, the adrenergic neurone blocker guanethidine (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1), s.c., for 3 days) and the cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 inhibitor celecoxib (50 and 200 microg lip(-1), s.c.; or 1 and 3 mg kg(-1), i.p.) reduced only the second phase of the response. The nonselective COX inhibitor indomethacin and the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein inhibitor MK886 did not change formalin-induced nociception. 4. Our results indicate that BK, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, sympathetic amines and PGs (but not leukotrienes) contribute significantly to formalin-induced orofacial nociception in the rat and the response seems to be more susceptible to inhibition by B(2) receptor antagonist and selective COX-2 inhibitor than by B(1) receptor antagonist or nonselective COX inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana G Chichorro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Section, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81540-970, Brazil
| | - Berenice B Lorenzetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Section, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81540-970, Brazil
| | - Aleksander R Zampronio
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Section, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81540-970, Brazil
- Author for correspondence:
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Kimura T, Iwase M, Kondo G, Watanabe H, Ohashi M, Ito D, Nagumo M. Suppressive effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on cytokine release in human neutrophils. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:1519-28. [PMID: 12946449 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(03)00179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To clarify whether a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor can affect various functions in human peripheral blood neutrophils. For this purpose, the effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors, NS-398 and nimesulide, on the expression of COX-2, PGE2 release and respiratory burst, degranulation and cytokine release in activated neutrophils were examined. Peripheral blood neutrophils were stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP; 100 nM) or opsonized zymosan (OZ; 200 microg/ml). Then, the expression of COX-2 at protein and mRNA levels was detected by Western blot analysis and RT-PCR. The concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cytokines in the culture supernatant of neutrophils was determined using ELISA. Superoxide generation was measured by the cytochrome c reduction method. Elastase activity was measured using a chromogenic substrate assay specific for human neutrophil elastase. FMLP and OZ enhanced PGE2 release through induction of COX-2 protein and mRNA expression. FMLP- or OZ-induced PGE2 release was abolished by the addition of NS-398 or nimesulide; nevertheless, even a high concentration of COX-2 inhibitor did not change FMLP- or OZ-induced expression of COX-2 at message and protein levels. Although FMLP- or OZ-induced superoxide generation and elastase release were not affected by the addition of COX-2 inhibitor, cytokine release such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly inhibited by high concentration of COX-2 inhibitor, but tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was partially attenuated. These studies showed that selective COX-2 inhibitors, NS-398 and nimesulide, suppressed PGE2 and proinflammatory cytokine release in activated neutrophils. These results suggest that selective COX-2 inhibitors may contribute to resolution of acute inflammation through the reduction of inflammatory cytokine release in activated neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kimura
- Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1, Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
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Tobacman J. Toxic considerations related to ingestion of carrageenan. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2003. [DOI: 10.1201/9780203634523.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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