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Li M, Lebois LAM, Ridgewell C, Palermo CA, Winternitz S, Liu H, Kaufman ML, Shinn AK. Functional Connectivity of the Auditory Cortex in Women With Trauma-Related Disorders Who Hear Voices. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:1066-1074. [PMID: 38944384 PMCID: PMC11456382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voice hearing (VH) is a transdiagnostic experience that is common in trauma-related disorders. However, the neural substrates that underlie trauma-related VH remain largely unexplored. While auditory perceptual dysfunction is among the abnormalities implicated in VH in schizophrenia, whether VH in trauma-related disorders also involves auditory perceptual alterations is unknown. METHODS We investigated auditory cortex (AC)-related functional connectivity (FC) in 65 women with trauma-related disorders stemming from childhood abuse with varying severities of VH. Using a novel, computationally driven and individual-specific method of functionally parcellating the brain, we calculated the FC of 2 distinct AC subregions-Heschl's gyrus (corresponding to the primary AC) and lateral superior temporal gyrus (in the nonprimary AC)-with both the cerebrum and cerebellum. Then, we measured the association between VH severity and FC using leave-one-out cross-validation in the cerebrum and voxelwise multiple regression analyses in the cerebellum. RESULTS We found that VH severity was positively correlated with left lateral superior temporal gyrus-frontoparietal network FC, while it was negatively correlated with FC between the left lateral superior temporal gyrus and both cerebral and cerebellar representations of the default mode network. VH severity was not predicted by FC of the left Heschl's gyrus or right AC subregions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to altered interactions between auditory perceptual processing and higher-level processes related to self-reference and executive functioning. This is the first study to show alterations in auditory cortical connectivity in trauma-related VH. While VH in trauma-related disorders appears to be mediated by brain networks that are also implicated in VH in schizophrenia, the results suggest a unique mechanism that could distinguish VH in trauma-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Li
- Division of Brain Sciences, Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Lauren A M Lebois
- Depression and Anxiety Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caitlin Ridgewell
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Cori A Palermo
- Depression and Anxiety Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Sherry Winternitz
- Depression and Anxiety Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Division of Brain Sciences, Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China; Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Milissa L Kaufman
- Depression and Anxiety Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann K Shinn
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.
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Guha A, Hunter SK, Legget KT, McHugo M, Hoffman MC, Tregellas JR. Intrinsic Infant Hippocampal Function Supports Inhibitory Processing. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22529. [PMID: 39010701 PMCID: PMC11254329 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Impaired cerebral inhibition is commonly observed in neurodevelopmental disorders and may represent a vulnerability factor for their development. The hippocampus plays a key role in inhibition among adults and undergoes significant and rapid changes during early brain development. Therefore, the structure represents an important candidate region for early identification of pathology that is relevant to inhibitory dysfunction. To determine whether hippocampal function corresponds to inhibition in the early postnatal period, the present study evaluated relationships between hippocampal activity and sensory gating in infants 4-20 weeks of age (N = 18). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure hippocampal activity, including the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and fractional ALFF. Electroencephalography during a paired-stimulus paradigm was used to measure sensory gating (P50). Higher activity of the right hippocampus was associated with better sensory gating (P50 ratio), driven by a reduction in response to the second stimulus. These findings suggest that meaningful effects of hippocampal function can be detected early in infancy. Specifically, higher intrinsic hippocampal activity in the early postnatal period may support effective inhibitory processing. Future work will benefit from longitudinal analysis to clarify the trajectory of hippocampal function, alterations of which may contribute to the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders and represent an intervention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Guha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Sharon K. Hunter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Kristina T. Legget
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - M. Camille Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Jason R. Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center
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Papesh MA, Koerner T. Clinical Gaps-in-Noise Measures in Blast-Exposed Veterans: Associations with Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses. Semin Hear 2024; 45:83-100. [PMID: 38370515 PMCID: PMC10872670 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been established that blast exposure and brain injury can result in self-reported and measured auditory processing deficits in individuals with normal or near-normal hearing sensitivity. However, the impaired sensory and/or cognitive mechanisms underlying these auditory difficulties are largely unknown. This work used a combination of behavioral and electrophysiological measures to explore how neural stimulus discrimination and processing speed contribute to impaired temporal processing in blast-exposed Veterans measured using the behavioral Gaps-in-Noise (GIN) Test. Results confirm previous findings that blast exposure can impact performance on the GIN and effect neural auditory discrimination, as measured using the P3 auditory event-related potential. Furthermore, analyses revealed correlations between GIN thresholds, P3 responses, and a measure of behavioral reaction time. Overall, this work illustrates that behavioral responses to the GIN are dependent on both auditory-specific bottom-up processing beginning with the neural activation of the cochlea and auditory brainstem as well as contributions from complex neural networks involved in processing speed and task-dependent target detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Papesh
- VA National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tess Koerner
- VA National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Ioakeimidis V, Lennuyeux-Comnene L, Khachatoorian N, Gaigg SB, Haenschel C, Kyriakopoulos M, Dima D. Trait and State Anxiety Effects on Mismatch Negativity and Sensory Gating Event-Related Potentials. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1421. [PMID: 37891790 PMCID: PMC10605251 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We used the auditory roving oddball to investigate whether individual differences in self-reported anxiety influence event-related potential (ERP) activity related to sensory gating and mismatch negativity (MMN). The state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used to assess the effects of anxiety on the ERPs for auditory change detection and information filtering in a sample of thirty-six healthy participants. The roving oddball paradigm involves presentation of stimulus trains of auditory tones with certain frequencies followed by trains of tones with different frequencies. Enhanced negative mid-latency response (130-230 ms post-stimulus) was marked at the deviant (first tone) and the standard (six or more repetitions) tone at Fz, indicating successful mismatch negativity (MMN). In turn, the first and second tone in a stimulus train were subject to sensory gating at the Cz electrode site as a response to the second stimulus was suppressed at an earlier latency (40-80 ms). We used partial correlations and analyses of covariance to investigate the influence of state and trait anxiety on these two processes. Higher trait anxiety exhibited enhanced MMN amplitude (more negative) (F(1,33) = 14.259, p = 6.323 × 10-6, ηp2 = 0.302), whereas state anxiety reduced sensory gating (F(1,30) = 13.117, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.304). Our findings suggest that high trait-anxious participants demonstrate hypervigilant change detection to deviant tones that appear more salient, whereas increased state anxiety associates with failure to filter out irrelevant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Ioakeimidis
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City University of London, 10 Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (V.I.); (L.L.-C.); (S.B.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Laura Lennuyeux-Comnene
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City University of London, 10 Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (V.I.); (L.L.-C.); (S.B.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Nareg Khachatoorian
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City University of London, 10 Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (V.I.); (L.L.-C.); (S.B.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Sebastian B. Gaigg
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City University of London, 10 Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (V.I.); (L.L.-C.); (S.B.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Corinna Haenschel
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City University of London, 10 Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (V.I.); (L.L.-C.); (S.B.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Marinos Kyriakopoulos
- South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City University of London, 10 Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (V.I.); (L.L.-C.); (S.B.G.); (C.H.)
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
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Paci E, Lumb BM, Apps R, Lawrenson CL, Moran RJ. Dynamic causal modeling reveals increased cerebellar- periaqueductal gray communication during fear extinction. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1148604. [PMID: 37266394 PMCID: PMC10229824 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1148604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The extinction of fear memories is an important component in regulating defensive behaviors, contributing toward adaptive processes essential for survival. The cerebellar medial nucleus (MCN) has bidirectional connections with the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and is implicated in the regulation of multiple aspects of fear, such as conditioned fear learning and the expression of defensive motor outputs. However, it is unclear how communication between the MCN and vlPAG changes during conditioned fear extinction. Methods We use dynamic causal models (DCMs) to infer effective connectivity between the MCN and vlPAG during auditory cue-conditioned fear retrieval and extinction in the rat. DCMs determine causal relationships between neuronal sources by using neurobiologically motivated models to reproduce the dynamics of post-synaptic potentials generated by synaptic connections within and between brain regions. Auditory event related potentials (ERPs) during the conditioned tone offset were recorded simultaneously from MCN and vlPAG and then modeled to identify changes in the strength of the synaptic inputs between these brain areas and the relationship to freezing behavior across extinction trials. The DCMs were structured to model evoked responses to best represent conditioned tone offset ERPs and were adapted to represent PAG and cerebellar circuitry. Results With the use of Parametric Empirical Bayesian (PEB) analysis we found that the strength of the information flow, mediated through enhanced synaptic efficacy from MCN to vlPAG was inversely related to freezing during extinction, i.e., communication from MCN to vlPAG increased with extinction. Discussion The results are consistent with the cerebellum contributing to predictive processes that underpin fear extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paci
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget M. Lumb
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Apps
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L. Lawrenson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalyn J. Moran
- Department of Neuroimaging, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Manning Franke L, Perera RA, Aygemang AA, Marquardt CA, Teich C, Sponheim SR, Duncan CC, Walker WC. Auditory evoked brain potentials as markers of chronic effects of mild traumatic brain injury in mid-life. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2979-2988. [PMID: 34715422 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Auditory event-related potential (ERP) correlates of pre-dementia in late-life may also be sensitive to chronic effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in mid-life. In addition to mTBI history, other clinical factors may also influence ERP measures of brain function. This study's objective was to evaluate the relationship between mTBI history, auditory ERP metrics, and common comorbidities. METHODS ERPs elicited during an auditory target detection task, psychological symptoms, and hearing sensitivity were collected in 152 combat-exposed veterans and service members, as part of a prospective observational cohort study. Participants, with an average age of 43.6 years, were grouped according to positive (n = 110) or negative (n = 42) mTBI history. Positive histories were subcategorized into repetitive mTBI (3 + ) (n = 40) or non-repetitive (1-2) (n = 70). RESULTS Positive history of mTBI was associated with reduced N200 amplitude to targets and novel distractors. In participants with repetitive mTBI compared to non-repetitive and no mTBI, P50 was larger in response to nontargets and N100 was smaller in response to nontargets and targets. Changes in N200 were mediated by depression and anxiety symptoms and hearing loss, with no evidence of a supplementary direct mTBI pathway. CONCLUSIONS Auditory brain function differed between the positive and negative mTBI groups, especially for repetitive injury, which implicated more basic, early auditory processing than did any mTBI exposure. Symptoms of internalizing psychopathology (depression and anxiety) and hearing loss are implicated in mTBI's diminished brain responses to behaviorally relevant and novel stimuli. SIGNIFICANCE A mid-life neurologic vulnerability conferred by mTBI, particularly repetitive mTBI, may be detectable using auditory brain potentials, and so auditory ERPs are a target for study of dementia risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Manning Franke
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, USA.
| | - Robert A Perera
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.
| | - Amma A Aygemang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.
| | - Craig A Marquardt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, USA.
| | | | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA.
| | - Connie C Duncan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA.
| | - William C Walker
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, USA.
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7
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Yükselay Ö, Gıca Ş, Yalçın M, Guleç MY, Güleç H. Investigation of auditory P50 sensory gating with sexual visual stimuli in patients with vaginismus. Neurophysiol Clin 2021; 51:251-257. [PMID: 33814257 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate sensory information processing induced by visual sexual stimuli and to assess its relationship with sexual behaviors and symptoms in patients with vaginismus. METHODS Twenty-one patients with vaginismus and 20 controls were included in the study. The sociodemographic information and sexual life history of the patients with vaginismus and controls were examined and electrophysiological measurements related to auditory P50 sensory gating were obtained using a double click paradigm during by sexual/horror visual stimulation, which was thought to be related to the pathophysiology of the disease. RESULTS P50 suppression ratios during visual sexual stimuli were lower in vaginismus group compared to the control group. There was no difference in P50 suppression ratios during visual horror stimuli when the two groups were compared. The P50 suppression of the vaginismus group with visual sexual stimuli was found to be lower than P50 suppression with visual horror stimuli. A positive moderate correlation was found between the duration of foreplay and P50 suppression ratio during visual sexual stimuli in vaginismus group. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that patients with vaginismus had sensory gating impairment during visual sexual stimuli. Increase in the duration of foreplay in vaginismus patients may improve sensory gating impairment by affecting sensory gating functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Yükselay
- University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şakir Gıca
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Murat Yalçın
- University of Health Sciences, Erenköy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Medine Yazıcı Guleç
- University of Health Sciences, Erenköy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Güleç
- University of Health Sciences, Erenköy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
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Miller LN, Simmons JG, Whittle S, Forbes D, Felmingham K. The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on event-related potentials in affective and non-affective paradigms: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 122:120-142. [PMID: 33383070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with neural processing deficits affecting early automatic and later conscious processing. Event-related Potentials (ERPs) are high resolution indices of automatic and conscious processing, but there are no meta-analyses that have examined automatic and conscious ERPs in PTSD across multiple paradigms. This systematic review examined 69 studies across affective and non-affective auditory and visual paradigms. Individuals with PTSD were compared to trauma-exposed and non-trauma controls on ERPs reflecting automatic (N1, P1, N2, P2) and conscious (P3, LPP) processing. Trauma exposure was associated with increased automatic ERP amplitudes to irrelevant auditory information. PTSD further showed increased automatic and conscious allocation of resources to affective information, reduced automatic attending and classification as well as reduced attention processing and working memory updating of non-affective information. Therefore, trauma exposure is associated with enhanced early processing of incoming stimuli, and PTSD with enhanced processing of affective stimuli and impaired processing of non-affective stimuli. This review highlights the need for longitudinal ERP studies in PTSD, adopting standardized procedures and methodological designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Miller
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Julian G Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Phoenix Australia, Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kim Felmingham
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Josef-Golubić S. Triple model of auditory sensory processing: a novel gating stream directly links primary auditory areas to executive prefrontal cortex. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:721-728. [PMID: 34285443 PMCID: PMC8253058 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.04.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The generally accepted model of sensory processing of visual and auditory stimuli assumes two major parallel processing streams, ventral and dorsal, which comprise functionally and anatomically distinct but interacting processes in which the ventral stream supports stimulus identification, and the dorsal stream is involved in recognizing the stimulus spatial location and sensori-motor integration functions. However, recent studies suggest the existence of a third, very fast sensory processing pathway, a gating stream that directly links the primary auditory cortices to the executive prefrontal cortex within the first 50 milliseconds after presentation of a stimulus, bypassing hierarchical structure of the ventral and dorsal pathways. Gating stream propagates the sensory gating phenomenon, which serves as a basic protective mechanism preventing irrelevant, repeated information from recurrent sensory processing. The goal of the present paper is to introduce the novel 'three-stream' model of auditory processing, including the new fast sensory processing stream, i.e. gating stream, alongside the well-affirmed dorsal and ventral sensory processing pathways. The impairments in sensory processing along the gating stream have been found to be strongly involved in the pathophysiological sensory processing in Alzheimer's disease and could be the underlying issue in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders and diseases that are linked to the pathological sensory gating inhibition, such as schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Josef-Golubić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Jelinčić V, Torta DM, Van Diest I, von Leupoldt A. Cross-modal relationships of neural gating with the subjective perception of respiratory and somatosensory sensations. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13710. [PMID: 33107062 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural gating is a phenomenon whereby the response to a stimulus in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is attenuated when preceded by an identical stimulus. Attenuation of paired auditory clicks has repeatedly been shown to be affected in mental disorders, for example, schizophrenia. Neural gating has also been measured for respiratory and somatosensory sensations, however the attenuation of bodily relevant stimuli has not yet been systematically related to the subjective perception of bodily sensations. This research direction is potentially relevant to explaining disease trajectories in psychosomatic conditions characterized by chronic breathlessness and/or pain. In the present study, we recorded high-density EEG from 85 healthy young adults while they experienced brief paired respiratory occlusions and brief paired electrocutaneous stimulation of the wrist. The event-related potential N1 was measured centro-laterally in response to the second relative to the first stimulus to quantify neural gating in both sensory domains. Participants experienced resistive loaded breaths and electrocutaneous stimuli of various intensities, rated their perceived intensity and unpleasantness, and performed magnitude estimation. Relationships of respiratory and somatosensory neural gating to the subjective intensity and unpleasantness of sensations, as well as the ability to discriminate sensations of varying intensities, were investigated intra-modally and cross-modally. We report significant relationships of the somatosensory neural gating to perceived intensity and unpleasantness of respiratory and somatosensory sensations, with the stronger neural gating relating to a stronger subjective intensity and unpleasantness. We discuss these unexpected findings through the lens of individual differences and different theoretical accounts on the origins of cortical attenuation of repetitive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Jelinčić
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diana M Torta
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Van Diest
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas von Leupoldt
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated with α Dysrhythmia across the Visual Cortex and the Default Mode Network. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0053-20.2020. [PMID: 32690671 PMCID: PMC7405069 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0053-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomalies in default mode network (DMN) activity and α (8–12 Hz) oscillations have been independently observed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent spatiotemporal analyses suggest that α oscillations support DMN functioning via interregional synchronization and sensory cortical inhibition. Therefore, we examined a unifying pathology of α deficits in the visual-cortex-DMN system in PTSD. Human patients with PTSD (N = 25) and two control groups, patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; N = 24) and healthy controls (HCs; N = 20), underwent a standard eyes-open resting state (S-RS) and a modified resting state (M-RS) of passively viewing salient images (known to deactivate the DMN). High-density electroencephalogram (hdEEG) were recorded, from which intracortical α activity (power and connectivity/Granger causality) was extracted using the exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA). Patients with PTSD (vs GAD/HC) demonstrated attenuated α power in the visual cortex (VC) and key hubs of the DMN [posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)] at both states, the severity of which further correlated with hypervigilance symptoms. With increased visual input (at M-RS vs S-RS), patients with PTSD further demonstrated reduced α-frequency directed connectivity within the DMN (PCC→mPFC) and, importantly, from the VC to both DMN hubs (VC→PCC and VC→mPFC), linking α deficits in the two systems. These interrelated α deficits align with DMN hypoactivity/hypoconnectivity, sensory disinhibition, and hypervigilance in PTSD, representing a unifying neural underpinning of these anomalies. The identification of visual-cortex-DMN α dysrhythmia in PTSD further presents a novel therapeutic target, promoting network-based intervention of neural oscillations.
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12
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Intrinsic sensory disinhibition contributes to intrusive re-experiencing in combat veterans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:936. [PMID: 31969671 PMCID: PMC6976606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrusive re-experiencing of traumatic events is a hallmark symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder, characterized by rich and vivid sensory details as reported in "flashbacks". While prevailing models of trauma intrusions focus on dysregulated emotional processes, we hypothesize that a deficiency in intrinsic sensory inhibition could drive overactivation of sensory representations of trauma memories, precipitating sensory-rich intrusions. In a sample of combat veterans, we examined resting-state alpha (8-12 Hz) oscillatory activity (in both power and posterior→frontal connectivity), given its role in sensory cortical inhibition, in association with intrusive re-experiencing symptoms. Veterans further participated in an odor task (including both combat and non-combat odors) to assess olfactory trauma memory and emotional response. We observed an association between intrusive re-experiencing symptoms and attenuated resting-state posterior→frontal alpha connectivity, which were both correlated with olfactory trauma memory. Importantly, olfactory trauma memory was identified as a mediator of the relationship between alpha connectivity and intrusive re-experiencing, suggesting that deficits in intrinsic sensory inhibition contributed to intrusive re-experiencing of trauma via heightened trauma memory. Therefore, by permitting unfiltered sensory cues to enter information processing and activate sensory representations of trauma, sensory disinhibition can constitute a sensory mechanism of intrusive re-experiencing in trauma-exposed individuals.
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Meynadasy M, Clancy K, Ke Z, Simon J, Wu W, Li W. Impaired early visual categorization of fear in social anxiety. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13509. [PMID: 31788814 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Social anxiety is associated with biased social perception, especially of ambiguous cues. While aberrations in high-level processes (e.g., cognitive appraisal and interpretation) have been implicated in such biases, contributions of early, low-level stimulus processing remain unclear. Categorical perception represents an efficient process to resolve signal ambiguity, and categorical emotion perception can swiftly classify sensory input, "tagging" biologically important stimuli at early stages of processing to facilitate ecological response. However, early threat categorization could be disrupted by exaggerated (or disinhibited) threat processing in anxiety, resulting in biased perception of ambiguous signals. We tested this hypothesis among individuals with low and high trait social anxiety (LSA/HSA; defined relative to the current sample), who performed a two-alternative forced-choice (fear or neutral) task on facial expressions parametrically varied along a neutral-fear continuum. The groups diverged in the reaction time (RT) profile along the neutral-fear continuum, which was characteristic of categorical perception in the LSA (vs. HSA) group with drastically increased RT from neutral to intermediate (boundary) fear intensities, contrasting monotonic, nonsignificant RT changes in the HSA group. Neurometric analysis along the continuum identified an early neutral-fear categorization operation (arising in the P1, an early visual ERP at 100 ms), which was nonetheless impaired in the HSA group (due to disinhibited response at the neutral-fear boundary). Absent group differences in higher-level cognitive operations (identified by later ERPs), current findings highlight a dispositional cognitive vulnerability in early visual categorization of social threat, which could precipitate further cognitive aberrations and, eventually, the onset of social anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Meynadasy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Kevin Clancy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Zijun Ke
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jessica Simon
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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14
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Golubic SJ, Jurasic MJ, Susac A, Huonker R, Gotz T, Haueisen J. Attention modulates topology and dynamics of auditory sensory gating. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2981-2994. [PMID: 30882981 PMCID: PMC6865797 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This work challenges the widely accepted model of sensory gating as a preattention inhibitory process by investigating whether attention directed at the second tone (S2) within a paired-click paradigm could affect gating at the cortical level. We utilized magnetoencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging and spatio-temporal source localization to compare the cortical dynamics underlying gating responses across two conditions (passive and attention) in 19 healthy subjects. Source localization results reaffirmed the existence of a fast processing pathway between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG) that underlies the auditory gating process. STG source dynamics comprised two gating sub-components, Mb1 and Mb2, both of which showed significant gating suppression (>51%). The attention directed to the S2 tone changed the gating network topology by switching the prefrontal generator from a dorsolateral location, which was active in the passive condition (18/19), to a medial location, active in the attention condition (19/19). Enhanced responses to the attended stimulus caused a significant reduction in gating suppression in both STG gating components (>50%). Our results demonstrate that attention not only modulates sensory gating dynamics, but also exerts topological rerouting of information processing within the PFC. The present data, suggesting that the cortical levels of early sensory processing are subject to top-down influences, change the current view of gating as a purely automatic bottom-up process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Susac
- Department of Physics, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and ComputingUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Ralph Huonker
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of NeurologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - Theresa Gotz
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of NeurologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Documentation, Jena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - Jens Haueisen
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of NeurologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University IlmenauIlmenauGermany
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15
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Cromwell HC. Translating striatal activity from brain slice to whole animal neurophysiology: A guide for neuroscience research integrating diverse levels of analysis. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1528-1545. [PMID: 31257656 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An important goal of this review is highlighting research in neuroscience as examples of multilevel functional and anatomical analyses addressing basic science issues and applying results to the understanding of diverse disorders. The research of Dr. Michael Levine, a leader in neuroscience, exemplifies this approach by uncovering fundamental properties of basal ganglia function and translating these findings to clinical applications. The review focuses on neurophysiological research connecting results from in vitro and in vivo recordings. A second goal is to utilize these research connections to produce novel, accurate descriptions for corticostriatal processing involved in varied, complex functions. Medium spiny neurons in striatum act as integrators combining input with baseline activity creating motivational "events." Basic research on corticostriatal synapses is described and links developed to issues with clinical relevance such as inhibitory gating, self-injurious behavior, and relative reward valuation. Work is highlighted on dopamine-glutamate interactions. Individual medium spiny neurons express both D1 and D2 receptors and encode information in a bivalent manner depending upon the mix of receptors involved. Current work on neurophysiology of reward processing has taken advantage of these basic approaches at the cellular and molecular levels. Future directions in studying physiology of reward processing and action sequencing could profit by incorporating the divergent ways dopamine modulates incoming neurochemical signals. Primary investigators leading research teams should mirror Mike Levine's efforts in "climbing the mountain" of scientific inquiry by performing analyses at different levels of inquiry, integrating the findings, and building comprehensive answers to problems unsolvable without this bold approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Casey Cromwell
- Department of Psychology and John Paul Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
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16
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Spironelli C, Romeo Z, Maffei A, Angrilli A. Comparison of automatic visual attention in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression: Evidence from P1 event-related component. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:331-339. [PMID: 30882991 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM The ability to discern commonalities and differences in the neurobiology of functional psychoses represents a key element to unmasking shared vulnerability across different psychiatric conditions. The present study sought to compare the automatic visual attention mechanisms in three psychiatric disorders considered to distribute along the continuum of psychosis severity: schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). To this end, the visual P1 event-related potential component, a cortical correlate of automatic visual attention, was measured during an ecological task based on visual word pair presentation. METHODS Four samples of participants, 18 SCZ, 20 BD, 28 MDD, and 30 healthy controls, were recruited and submitted to the same procedure and stimuli. The P1 evoked by visual word presentation was recorded through a 38-electrode electroencephalography cap. Words were presented on a computer screen serially as pairs, and participants had to decide whether they rhymed or not. RESULTS P1 was larger at posterior sites in SCZ compared with BD, healthy control, and MDD participants. BD patients showed the lowest P1 compared with all other groups. Positive Pearson's correlations were found in SCZ patients between P1 amplitude on left posterior sites and both hallucination severity and worse task performance. CONCLUSION The three investigated psychiatric samples showed different automatic visual attention patterns: SCZ patients exhibited the greatest cognitive impairment correlated with the amplitude of P1, MDD patients revealed a normal component, and BD showed a compensated euthymic response different from results of past literature in untreated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Spironelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Maffei
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Angrilli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy.,IN-CNR Institute of Neuroscience CNR, Padua, Italy
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17
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Meteran H, Vindbjerg E, Uldall SW, Glenthøj B, Carlsson J, Oranje B. Startle habituation, sensory, and sensorimotor gating in trauma-affected refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol Med 2019; 49:581-589. [PMID: 29769152 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171800123x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairments in mechanisms underlying early information processing have been reported in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, findings in the existing literature are inconsistent. This current study capitalizes on technological advancements of research on electroencephalographic event-related potential and applies it to a novel PTSD population consisting of trauma-affected refugees. METHODS A total of 25 trauma-affected refugees with PTSD and 20 healthy refugee controls matched on age, gender, and country of origin completed the study. In two distinct auditory paradigms sensory gating, indexed as P50 suppression, and sensorimotor gating, indexed as prepulse inhibition (PPI), startle reactivity, and habituation of the eye-blink startle response were examined. Within the P50 paradigm, N100 and P200 amplitudes were also assessed. In addition, correlations between psychophysiological and clinical measures were investigated. RESULTS PTSD patients demonstrated significantly elevated stimuli responses across the two paradigms, reflected in both increased amplitude of the eye-blink startle response, and increased N100 and P200 amplitudes relative to healthy refugee controls. We found a trend toward reduced habituation in the patients, while the groups did not differ in PPI and P50 suppression. Among correlations, we found that eye-blink startle responses were associated with higher overall illness severity and lower levels of functioning. CONCLUSIONS Fundamental gating mechanisms appeared intact, while the pattern of deficits in trauma-affected refugees with PTSD point toward a different form of sensory overload, an overall neural hypersensitivity and disrupted the ability to down-regulate stimuli responses. This study represents an initial step toward elucidating sensory processing deficits in a PTSD subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Meteran
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry,Mental Health Services Ballerup,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - Erik Vindbjerg
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry,Mental Health Services Ballerup,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - Sigurd Wiingaard Uldall
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry,Mental Health Services Ballerup,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - Birte Glenthøj
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, University of Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - Jessica Carlsson
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry,Mental Health Services Ballerup,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - Bob Oranje
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services Glostrup, University of Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark
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18
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Elman I, Upadhyay J, Langleben DD, Albanese M, Becerra L, Borsook D. Reward and aversion processing in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: functional neuroimaging with visual and thermal stimuli. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:240. [PMID: 30389908 PMCID: PMC6214971 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a decrease in the brain reward function was reported in behavioral- and in neuroimaging studies. While pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this response are unclear, there are several lines of evidence suggesting over-recruitment of the brain reward regions by aversive stimuli rendering them unavailable to respond to reward-related content. The purpose of this study was to juxtapose brain responses to functional neuroimaging probes that reliably produce rewarding and aversive experiences in PTSD subjects and in healthy controls. The stimuli used were pleasant, aversive and neutral images selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) along with pain-inducing heat applied to the dorsum of the left hand; all were administered during 3 T functional magnetic resonance imaging. Analyses of IAPS responses for the pleasant images revealed significantly decreased subjective ratings and brain activations in PTSD subjects that included striatum and medial prefrontal-, parietal- and temporal cortices. For the aversive images, decreased activations were observed in the amygdala and in the thalamus. PTSD and healthy subjects provided similar subjective ratings of thermal sensory thresholds and each of the temperatures. When 46 °C (hot) and 42 °C (neutral) temperatures were contrasted, voxelwise between-group comparison revealed greater activations in the striatum, amygdala, hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex in the PTSD subjects. These latter findings were for the most part mirrored by the 44 vs. 42 °C contrast. Our data suggest different brain alterations patterns in PTSD, namely relatively diminished corticolimbic response to pleasant and aversive psychosocial stimuli in the face of exaggerated response to heat-related pain. The present findings support the hypothesis that brain sensitization to pain in PTSD may interfere with the processing of psychosocial stimuli whether they are of rewarding or aversive valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, Cooper Medical School, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Jaymin Upadhyay
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cCenter for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Daniel D. Langleben
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Mark Albanese
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cCambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Lino Becerra
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cCenter for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - David Borsook
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cCenter for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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19
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Clancy K, Ding M, Bernat E, Schmidt NB, Li W. Restless 'rest': intrinsic sensory hyperactivity and disinhibition in post-traumatic stress disorder. Brain 2017; 140:2041-2050. [PMID: 28582479 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder is characterized by exaggerated threat response, and theoretical accounts to date have focused on impaired threat processing and dysregulated prefrontal-cortex-amygdala circuitry. Nevertheless, evidence is accruing for broad, threat-neutral sensory hyperactivity in post-traumatic stress disorder. As low-level, sensory processing impacts higher-order operations, such sensory anomalies can contribute to widespread dysfunctions, presenting an additional aetiological mechanism for post-traumatic stress disorder. To elucidate a sensory pathology of post-traumatic stress disorder, we examined intrinsic visual cortical activity (based on posterior alpha oscillations) and bottom-up sensory-driven causal connectivity (Granger causality in the alpha band) during a resting state (eyes open) and a passive, serial picture viewing state. Compared to patients with generalized anxiety disorder (n = 24) and healthy control subjects (n = 20), patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 25) demonstrated intrinsic sensory hyperactivity (suppressed posterior alpha power, source-localized to the visual cortex-cuneus and precuneus) and bottom-up inhibition deficits (reduced posterior→frontal Granger causality). As sensory input increased from resting to passive picture viewing, patients with post-traumatic stress disorder failed to demonstrate alpha adaptation, highlighting a rigid, set mode of sensory hyperactivity. Interestingly, patients with post-traumatic stress disorder also showed heightened frontal processing (augmented frontal gamma power, source-localized to the superior frontal gyrus and dorsal cingulate cortex), accompanied by attenuated top-down inhibition (reduced frontal→posterior causality). Importantly, not only did suppressed alpha power and bottom-up causality correlate with heightened frontal gamma power, they also correlated with increased severity of sensory and executive dysfunctions (i.e. hypervigilance and impulse control deficits, respectively). Therefore, sensory aberrations help construct a vicious cycle in post-traumatic stress disorder that is in action even at rest, implicating dysregulated triangular sensory-prefrontal-cortex-amygdala circuitry: intrinsic sensory hyperactivity and disinhibition give rise to frontal overload and disrupt executive control, fuelling and perpetuating post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Absent in generalized anxiety disorder, these aberrations highlight a unique sensory pathology of post-traumatic stress disorder (ruling out effects merely reflecting anxious hyperarousal), motivating new interventions targeting sensory processing and the sensory brain in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Clancy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Mingzhou Ding
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edward Bernat
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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20
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Olson EA, Cui J, Fukunaga R, Nickerson LD, Rauch SL, Rosso IM. Disruption of white matter structural integrity and connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder: A TBSS and tractography study. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:437-445. [PMID: 28294462 PMCID: PMC5407943 DOI: 10.1002/da.22615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies of brain white matter (WM) in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have focused on combat trauma, and often were confounded by neurological and substance dependence comorbidity. This study used tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and probabilistic tractography to characterize WM microstructure in a mixed-sex community sample of PTSD patients exposed to diverse and multiple traumas, and in trauma-exposed normal comparison (TENC) subjects. METHODS TBSS compared diffusion measures between 20 adults with DSM-IV PTSD and 17 TENC, using a whole-brain voxel-wise approach. Probabilistic tractography using Freesurfer's TRACULA was employed to measure diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics within anatomically defined pathways. DTI metrics were compared between groups and correlated with PTSD symptom severity and trauma load. RESULTS Controlling for age, sex, and motion, PTSD subjects had significantly reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in a left frontal lobe cluster compared with TENC, at p < .05, family-wise error corrected. Tractography identified significant group differences in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), including lower FA and higher radial diffusivity in PTSD compared with TENC. Within the PTSD group, FA values were not correlated with symptom severity or trauma load. Results remained significant after removing participants using psychotropic medication or those with comorbid major depression. CONCLUSIONS PTSD patients had reduced WM integrity in left hemisphere frontal WM and temporal-occipital WM tracts, compared to trauma-exposed controls. Reduced frontal FA is consistent with compromised top-down attentional control and emotion regulation in PTSD, while reduced ILF FA may be related to sensory processing and gating abnormalities in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Olson
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jiaolong Cui
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Rena Fukunaga
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa D. Nickerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Scott L. Rauch
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Isabelle M. Rosso
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Corresponding author: Isabelle M. Rosso, Ph.D., Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Mailstop 334, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478,
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21
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Hutchison AK, Hunter SK, Wagner BD, Calvin EA, Zerbe GO, Ross RG. Diminished Infant P50 Sensory Gating Predicts Increased 40-Month-Old Attention, Anxiety/Depression, and Externalizing Symptoms. J Atten Disord 2017; 21:209-218. [PMID: 23757333 PMCID: PMC5849461 DOI: 10.1177/1087054713488824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When behavioral problems resulting from attentional difficulties present, often in preschool, it is unknown whether these problems represent preexisting altered brain development or new brain changes. This study examines whether infant sensory gating of auditory evoked potentials predicts parent-reported behavior at 40 months. METHOD P50 sensory gating, an auditory evoked potential measure reflective of inhibitory processes in the brain, was measured in 50 infants around 70 days old. Parents, using the Child Behavior Checklist, reported on the child's behavior at 40 months. RESULTS Controlling for gender, infants with diminished sensory gating had more problems later with externalizing behavior ( F = 4.17, ndf = 1, ddf = 46, p = .047), attentional problems ( F = 5.23, ndf = 1, ddf = 46, p = .027), and anxious/depressed symptoms ( F = 5.36, ndf = 1, ddf = 46, p = .025). CONCLUSION Diminished infant P50 sensory gating predicts attention symptoms 3 years later. These results support the hypothesis that preschool attentional dysfunction may relate to altered brain development that is detectable years prior to symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gary O Zerbe
- 1 University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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22
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Wang C, Costanzo ME, Rapp PE, Darmon D, Bashirelahi K, Nathan DE, Cellucci CJ, Roy MJ, Keyser DO. Identifying Electrophysiological Prodromes of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Results from a Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:71. [PMID: 28555113 PMCID: PMC5430065 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research project is the identification of a physiological prodrome of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that has a reliability that could justify preemptive treatment in the sub-syndromal state. Because abnormalities in event-related potentials (ERPs) have been observed in fully expressed PTSD, the possible utility of abnormal ERPs in predicting delayed-onset PTSD was investigated. ERPs were recorded from military service members recently returned from Iraq or Afghanistan who did not meet PTSD diagnostic criteria at the time of ERP acquisition. Participants (n = 65) were followed for up to 1 year, and 7.7% of the cohorts (n = 5) were PTSD-positive at follow-up. The initial analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve constructed using ERP metrics was encouraging. The average amplitude to target stimuli gave an area under the ROC curve of greater than 0.8. Classification based on the Youden index, which is determined from the ROC, gave positive results. Using average target amplitude at electrode Cz yielded Sensitivity = 0.80 and Specificity = 0.87. A more systematic statistical analysis of the ERP data indicated that the ROC results may simply represent a fortuitous consequence of small sample size. Predicted error rates based on the distribution of target ERP amplitudes approached those of random classification. A leave-one-out cross validation using a Gaussian likelihood classifier with Bayesian priors gave lower values of sensitivity and specificity. In contrast with the ROC results, the leave-one-out classification at Cz gave Sensitivity = 0.65 and Specificity = 0.60. A bootstrap calculation, again using the Gaussian likelihood classifier at Cz, gave Sensitivity = 0.59 and Specificity = 0.68. Two provisional conclusions can be offered. First, the results can only be considered preliminary due to the small sample size, and a much larger study will be required to assess definitively the utility of ERP prodromes of PTSD. Second, it may be necessary to combine ERPs with other biomarkers in a multivariate metric to produce a prodrome that can justify preemptive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle E Costanzo
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul E Rapp
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Darmon
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kylee Bashirelahi
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dominic E Nathan
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.,Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael J Roy
- Department of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David O Keyser
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Iacono WG, Malone SM, Vrieze SI. Endophenotype best practices. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 111:115-144. [PMID: 27473600 PMCID: PMC5219856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the current state of electrophysiological endophenotype research and recommends best practices that are based on knowledge gleaned from the last decade of molecular genetic research with complex traits. Endophenotype research is being oversold for its potential to help discover psychopathology relevant genes using the types of small samples feasible for electrophysiological research. This is largely because the genetic architecture of endophenotypes appears to be very much like that of behavioral traits and disorders: they are complex, influenced by many variants (e.g., tens of thousands) within many genes, each contributing a very small effect. Out of over 40 electrophysiological endophenotypes covered by our review, only resting heart, a measure that has received scant advocacy as an endophenotype, emerges as an electrophysiological variable with verified associations with molecular genetic variants. To move the field forward, investigations designed to discover novel variants associated with endophenotypes will need extremely large samples best obtained by forming consortia and sharing data obtained from genome wide arrays. In addition, endophenotype research can benefit from successful molecular genetic studies of psychopathology by examining the degree to which these verified psychopathology-relevant variants are also associated with an endophenotype, and by using knowledge about the functional significance of these variants to generate new endophenotypes. Even without molecular genetic associations, endophenotypes still have value in studying the development of disorders in unaffected individuals at high genetic risk, constructing animal models, and gaining insight into neural mechanisms that are relevant to clinical disorder.
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Pineles SL, Blumenthal TD, Curreri AJ, Nillni YI, Putnam KM, Resick PA, Rasmusson AM, Orr SP. Prepulse inhibition deficits in women with PTSD. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1377-85. [PMID: 27237725 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is an automatic and preattentive process, whereby a weak stimulus attenuates responding to a sudden and intense startle stimulus. PPI is a measure of sensorimotor filtering, which is conceptualized as a mechanism that facilitates processing of an initial stimulus and is protective from interruption by a later response. Impaired PPI has been found in (a) healthy women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and (b) individuals with types of psychopathology characterized by difficulty suppressing and filtering sensory, motor, or cognitive information. In the current study, 47 trauma-exposed women with or without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) completed a PPI session during two different phases of the menstrual cycle: the early follicular phase, when estradiol and progesterone are both low, and the midluteal phase, when estradiol and progesterone are both high. Startle stimuli were 100 dB white noise bursts presented for 50 ms, and prepulses were 70 dB white noise bursts presented for 20 ms that preceded the startle stimuli by 120 ms. Women with PTSD showed deficits in PPI relative to the healthy trauma-exposed participants. Menstrual phase had no effect on PPI. These results provide empirical support for individuals with PTSD having difficulty with sensorimotor filtering. The potential utility of PPI as a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) phenotype is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L Pineles
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Terry D Blumenthal
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew J Curreri
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yael I Nillni
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine M Putnam
- Department of Psychology, VA Central Western Massachusetts Healthcare System, Leeds, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patricia A Resick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ann M Rasmusson
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott P Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Boyce WT. Differential Susceptibility of the Developing Brain to Contextual Adversity and Stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:142-62. [PMID: 26391599 PMCID: PMC4677150 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A swiftly growing volume of literature, comprising both human and animal studies and employing both observational and experimental designs, has documented striking individual differences in neurobiological sensitivities to environmental circumstances within subgroups of study samples. This differential susceptibility to social and physical environments operates bidirectionally, in both adverse and beneficial contexts, and results in a minority subpopulation with remarkably poor or unusually positive trajectories of health and development, contingent upon the character of environmental conditions. Differences in contextual susceptibility appear to emerge in early development, as the interactive and adaptive product of genetic and environmental attributes. This paper surveys what is currently known of the mechanisms or mediators of differential susceptibility, at the levels of temperament and behavior, physiological systems, brain circuitry and neuronal function, and genetic and epigenetic variation. It concludes with the assertion that differential susceptibility is inherently grounded within processes of biological moderation, the complexities of which are at present only partially understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Thomas Boyce
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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26
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Rosburg T, Sörös P. The response decrease of auditory evoked potentials by repeated stimulation – Is there evidence for an interplay between habituation and sensitization? Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:397-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nees F, Heinrich A, Flor H. A mechanism-oriented approach to psychopathology: The role of Pavlovian conditioning. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 98:351-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Saar-Ashkenazy R, Shalev H, Kanthak MK, Guez J, Friedman A, Cohen JE. Altered processing of visual emotional stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder: an event-related potential study. Psychiatry Res 2015; 233:165-74. [PMID: 26138281 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display abnormal emotional processing and bias towards emotional content. Most neurophysiological studies in PTSD found higher amplitudes of event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to trauma-related visual content. Here we aimed to characterize brain electrical activity in PTSD subjects in response to non-trauma-related emotion-laden pictures (positive, neutral and negative). A combined behavioral-ERP study was conducted in 14 severe PTSD patients and 14 controls. Response time in PTSD patients was slower compared with that in controls, irrespective to emotional valence. In both PTSD and controls, response time to negative pictures was slower compared with that to neutral or positive pictures. Upon ranking, both control and PTSD subjects similarly discriminated between pictures with different emotional valences. ERP analysis revealed three distinctive components (at ~300, ~600 and ~1000 ms post-stimulus onset) for emotional valence in control subjects. In contrast, PTSD patients displayed a similar brain response across all emotional categories, resembling the response of controls to negative stimuli. We interpret these findings as a brain-circuit response tendency towards negative overgeneralization in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Saar-Ashkenazy
- Department of Cognitive-Neuroscience and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Department of Psychology and the School of Social-work, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel; Department of Psychology, Achva Academic College, Beer-Tuvia regional council, Israel
| | - Hadar Shalev
- Department of Psychiatry, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Magdalena K Kanthak
- Department of Biological Psychology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonathan Guez
- Department of Psychology, Achva Academic College, Beer-Tuvia regional council, Israel; Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Cognitive-Neuroscience and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jonathan E Cohen
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Kiryat-Hadassah, POB 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Badura-Brack AS, Becker KM, McDermott TJ, Ryan TJ, Becker MM, Hearley AR, Heinrichs-Graham E, Wilson TW. Decreased somatosensory activity to non-threatening touch in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 233:194-200. [PMID: 26184460 PMCID: PMC5828504 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychiatric disorder prevalent in combat veterans. Previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that patients with PTSD exhibit abnormal responses to non-threatening visual and auditory stimuli, but have not examined somatosensory processing. Thirty male combat veterans, 16 with PTSD and 14 without, completed a tactile stimulation task during a 306-sensor magnetoencephalography (MEG) recording. Significant oscillatory neural responses were imaged using a beamforming approach. Participants also completed clinical assessments of PTSD, combat exposure, and depression. We found that veterans with PTSD exhibited significantly reduced activity during early (0-125 ms) tactile processing compared with combat controls. Specifically, veterans with PTSD had weaker activity in the left postcentral gyrus, left superior parietal area, and right prefrontal cortex in response to nonthreatening tactile stimulation relative to veterans without PTSD. The magnitude of activity in these brain regions was inversely correlated with symptom severity, indicating that those with the most severe PTSD had the most abnormal neural responses. Our findings are consistent with a resource allocation view of perceptual processing in PTSD, which directs attention away from nonthreatening sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Badura-Brack
- Department of Psychology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA,Corresponding Author: Amy Badura-Brack, Department of Psychology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA, Phone: (402) 280-1229, Fax: (402) 280-4748,
| | - Katherine M. Becker
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Tara J. Ryan
- Department of Psychology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA,Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA,Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
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Chan PYS, Cheng CH, Hsu SC, Liu CY, Davenport PW, von Leupoldt A. Respiratory sensory gating measured by respiratory-related evoked potentials in generalized anxiety disorder. Front Psychol 2015. [PMID: 26217278 PMCID: PMC4496549 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The perception of respiratory sensations plays an important role both in respiratory diseases and in anxiety disorders. However, little is known about the neural processes underlying respiratory sensory perception, especially in patient groups. Therefore, the present study examined whether patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) would demonstrate altered respiratory sensory gating compared to a healthy control group. Respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREP) were measured in a paired inspiratory occlusion paradigm presenting two brief occlusion stimuli (S1 and S2) within one inspiration. The results showed a significantly greater S2/S1 ratio for the N1 component of the RREP in the GAD group compared to the control group. Our findings suggest altered respiratory sensory processing in patients with GAD, which might contribute to altered perception of respiratory sensations in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying S Chan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Healthy Ageing Research Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Healthy Ageing Research Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Paul W Davenport
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andreas von Leupoldt
- Research Group on Health Psychology, University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium ; Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Abstract
Endophenotypes are disease-associated phenotypes that are thought to reflect the neurobiological or other mechanisms that underlie the more overt symptoms of a psychiatric illness. Endophenotypes have been critical in understanding the genetics, neurobiology, and treatment of schizophrenia. Because psychiatric illnesses have multiple causes, including both genetic and nongenetic risk factors, an endophenotype linked to one of the mechanisms may be expressed more frequently than the disease itself. However, in schizophrenia research, endophenotypes have almost exclusively been studied in older adolescents or adults who have entered or passed through the age of risk for the disorder. Yet, schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder where prenatal development starts a cascade of brain changes across the lifespan. Endophenotypes have only minimally been utilized to explore the perinatal development of vulnerability. One major impediment to the development of perinatally-useful endophenotypes has been the established validity criteria. For example, the criterion that the endophenotype be more frequently present in those with disease than those without is difficult to demonstrate when there can be a decades-long period between endophenotype measurement and the age of greatest risk for onset of the disorder. This article proposes changes to the endophenotype validity criteria appropriate to perinatal research and reviews how application of these modified criteria helped identify a perinatally-usable phenotype of risk for schizophrenia, P50 sensory gating, which was then used to propose a novel perinatal primary prevention intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal G. Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 13001 E. 17th Place, Campus Box F546, Aurora, CO 80045, US; tel: 303-724-6203, fax: 303-724-6207, e-mail:
| | - Robert Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
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Wang HN, Bai YH, Chen YC, Zhang RG, Wang HH, Zhang YH, Gan JL, Peng ZW, Tan QR. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ameliorates anxiety-like behavior and impaired sensorimotor gating in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117189. [PMID: 25659132 PMCID: PMC4320076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been employed for decades as a non-pharmacologic treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although a link has been suggested between PTSD and impaired sensorimotor gating (SG), studies assessing the effects of rTMS against PTSD or PTSD with impaired SG are scarce. Aim To assess the benefit of rTMS in a rat model of PTSD. Methods Using a modified single prolonged stress (SPS&S) rat model of PTSD, behavioral parameters were acquired using open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), and prepulse inhibition trial (PPI), with or without 7 days of high frequency (10Hz) rTMS treatment of SPS&S rats. Results Anxiety-like behavior, impaired SG and increased plasma level of cortisol were observed in SPS&S animals after stress for a prolonged time. Interestingly, rTMS administered immediately after stress prevented those impairment. Conclusion Stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, increased plasma level of cortisol and impaired PPI occur after stress and high-frequency rTMS has the potential to ameliorate this behavior, suggesting that high frequency rTMS should be further evaluated for its use as a method for preventing PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuan-han Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yun-chun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Rui-guo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huai-hai Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ya-hong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jing-li Gan
- Department of Psychiatry, 91 Hospital of P. L. A., Jiaozuo, 454150, China
| | - Zheng-wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- * E-mail: (Z-WP); (Q-RT)
| | - Qing-rong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- * E-mail: (Z-WP); (Q-RT)
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33
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Yadon CA, Kisley MA, Davalos DB. The Effects of Vigilance and Visual Distraction on the P50 Mid-Latency Auditory Evoked Potential. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sensory gating function has been investigated through measurement of the P50 evoked potential. However, the susceptibility of auditory P50 sensory gating to attentional modulation remains unclear. We sought to investigate the effects of vigilance (sustaining alertness across multiple recording blocks) and visual distraction (watching a muted movie versus a static fixation cross). We specifically chose a movie as the distracting stimulus because investigators sometimes show muted movies during P50 paradigms and the effects of this method were previously unknown. We recorded evoked potentials in a standard paired-click paradigm from groups watching a movie or static fixation cross; both groups completed four identical blocks of recording. Ratings of fatigue were recorded throughout the experiment. P50 and N100 amplitude showed signs of habituation, although N100’s amplitude reduction was more prominent than P50. P50 suppression did not change over the course of the recording session, despite increasing fatigue ratings. P50 suppression was significantly stronger for the participants who watched a movie during the recording. When comparing P50 gating results across studies, care should be taken to consider differing methodologies.
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Matsuzaki J, Kagitani-Shimono K, Sugata H, Hirata M, Hanaie R, Nagatani F, Tachibana M, Tominaga K, Mohri I, Taniike M. Progressively increased M50 responses to repeated sounds in autism spectrum disorder with auditory hypersensitivity: a magnetoencephalographic study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102599. [PMID: 25054201 PMCID: PMC4108353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the differential time-course responses of the auditory cortex to repeated auditory stimuli in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) showing auditory hypersensitivity. Auditory-evoked field values were obtained from 21 boys with ASD (12 with and 9 without auditory hypersensitivity) and 15 age-matched typically developing controls. M50 dipole moments were significantly increased during the time-course study only in the ASD with auditory hypersensitivity compared with those for the other two groups. The boys having ASD with auditory hypersensitivity also showed more prolonged response duration than those in the other two groups. The response duration was significantly related to the severity of auditory hypersensitivity. We propose that auditory hypersensitivity is associated with decreased inhibitory processing, possibly resulting from an abnormal sensory gating system or dysfunction of inhibitory interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Matsuzaki
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hisato Sugata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Hanaie
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Nagatani
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Tachibana
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tominaga
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Cromwell HC, Atchley RM. Influence of emotional states on inhibitory gating: animals models to clinical neurophysiology. Behav Brain Res 2014; 276:67-75. [PMID: 24861710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Integrating research efforts using a cross-domain approach could redefine traditional constructs used in behavioral and clinical neuroscience by demonstrating that behavior and mental processes arise not from functional isolation but from integration. Our research group has been examining the interface between cognitive and emotional processes by studying inhibitory gating. Inhibitory gating can be measured via changes in behavior or neural signal processing. Sensorimotor gating of the startle response is a well-used measure. To study how emotion and cognition interact during startle modulation in the animal model, we examined ultrasonic vocalization (USV) emissions during acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition. We found high rates of USV emission during the sensorimotor gating paradigm and revealed links between prepulse inhibition (PPI) and USV emission that could reflect emotional and cognitive influences. Measuring inhibitory gating as P50 event-related potential suppression has also revealed possible connections between emotional states and cognitive processes. We have examined the single unit responses during the traditional gating paradigm and found that acute and chronic stress can alter gating of neural signals in regions such as amygdala, striatum and medial prefrontal cortex. Our findings point to the need for more cross-domain research on how shifting states of emotion can impact basic mechanisms of information processing. Results could inform clinical work with the development of tools that depend upon cross-domain communication, and enable a better understanding and evaluation of psychological impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard C Cromwell
- Department of Psychology and J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior at Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States.
| | - Rachel M Atchley
- Department of Psychology and J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior at Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
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36
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Onitsuka T, Oribe N, Nakamura I, Kanba S. Review of neurophysiological findings in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 67:461-70. [PMID: 24102977 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been conceptualized as a failure of cognitive integration, and abnormalities in neural circuitry have been proposed as a basis for this disorder. In this article, we focus on electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography findings in patients with schizophrenia. Auditory-P50, -N100, and -P300 findings, visual-P100, -N170, and -N400 findings, and neural oscillations in patients with schizophrenia are overviewed. Published results suggest that patients with schizophrenia have neurophysiological deficits from the very early phase of sensory processing (i.e., P50, P100, N100) to the relatively late phase (i.e., P300, N400) in both auditory and visual perception. Exploring the associations between neural substrates, including neurotransmitter systems, and neurophysiological findings, will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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37
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Johannesen JK, O’Donnell BF, Shekhar A, McGrew JH, Hetrick WP. Diagnostic specificity of neurophysiological endophenotypes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Bull 2013; 39:1219-29. [PMID: 22927673 PMCID: PMC3796068 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbs093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of an endophenotype depends on its ability to reduce complex disorders into stable, genetically linked phenotypes. P50 and P300 event-related potential (ERP) measures are endophenotype candidates for schizophrenia; however, their abnormalities are broadly observed across neuropsychiatric disorders. This study examined the diagnostic efficiency of P50 and P300 in schizophrenia as compared with healthy and bipolar disorder samples. Supplemental ERP measures and a multivariate classification approach were evaluated as methods to improve specificity. METHODS Diagnostic classification was first modeled in schizophrenia (SZ = 50) and healthy normal (HN = 50) samples using hierarchical logistic regression with predictors blocked by 4 levels of analysis: (1) P50 suppression, P300 amplitude, and P300 latency; (2) N100 amplitude; (3) evoked spectral power; and (4) P50 and P300 hemispheric asymmetry. The optimal model was cross-validated in a holdout sample (SZ = 34, HN = 31) and tested against a bipolar (BP = 50) sample. RESULTS P50 and P300 endophenotypes classified SZ from HN with 71% accuracy (sensitivity = .70, specificity = .72) but did not differentiate SZ from BP above chance level. N100 and spectral power measures improved classification accuracy of SZ vs HN to 79% (sensitivity = .78, specificity = .80) and SZ vs BP to 72% (sensitivity = .74, specificity = .70). Cross validation analyses supported the stability of these models. CONCLUSIONS Although traditional P50 and P300 measures failed to differentiate schizophrenia from bipolar participants, N100 and evoked spectral power measures added unique variance to classification models and improved accuracy to nearly the same level achieved in comparison of schizophrenia to healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K. Johannesen
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of PsychiatryNew Haven, CT;,VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest Haven, CT;,To whom correspondence should be addressed; VA Connecticut Health Care System, Psychology Service 116-B, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, US; tel: 203-932-5711 ext. 2224, fax: 203-937-4735; e-mail:
| | - Brian F. O’Donnell
- Indiana University, Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesBloomington, IN; ,Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of PsychiatryIndianapolis, IN;,Larue D. Carter Memorial HospitalIndianapolis, IN
| | - Anantha Shekhar
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of PsychiatryIndianapolis, IN;,Larue D. Carter Memorial HospitalIndianapolis, IN
| | - John H. McGrew
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of PsychologyIndianapolis, IN
| | - William P. Hetrick
- Indiana University, Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesBloomington, IN; ,Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of PsychiatryIndianapolis, IN;,Larue D. Carter Memorial HospitalIndianapolis, IN
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Gjini K, Boutros NN, Haddad L, Aikins D, Javanbakht A, Amirsadri A, Tancer ME. Evoked potential correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder in refugees with history of exposure to torture. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:1492-8. [PMID: 23835042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The presence and magnitude of information processing deviations associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are far from being well-characterized. In this study we assessed the auditory and visually evoked cerebral responses in a group of Iraqi refugees who were exposed to torture and developed PTSD (N = 20), Iraqi refugees who had been exposed to similar trauma but did not develop PTSD (N = 20), and non-traumatized controls matched for age, gender, and ethnicity (N = 20). We utilized two paired-stimulus paradigms in auditory and visual sensory modalities, respectively. We found significantly smaller amplitudes of both the auditory P50 and the visual N75 responses in PTSD patients compared to controls, reflecting decreased response to simple sensory input during a relatively early phase of information processing (interval 50-75 ms post stimulus). In addition, deficient suppression of the P50/N75 response to repeating stimuli at this early stage in both modalities is indicative of difficulty in filtering out irrelevant sensory input. Among associations between electrophysiological and clinical measures, a significant positive correlation was found between dissociation score and P50 S1 amplitudes (p = 0.024), as well as stronger auditory P50 gating correlated with higher quality-of-life index scores (p = 0.013). In addition, smaller amplitudes of N150 visual evoked response to S1 showed a significant association with higher avoidance scores (p = 0.015). The results of this study highlight the importance of early automatic auditory and visual evoked responses in probing the information processing and neural mechanisms underlying symptomatology in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klevest Gjini
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Clinical Electrophysiology Lab, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Dissanayake DW, Mason R, Marsden CA. Sensory gating, Cannabinoids and Schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology 2013; 67:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Holstein DH, Vollenweider FX, Geyer MA, Csomor PA, Belser N, Eich D. Sensory and sensorimotor gating in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychiatry Res 2013; 205:117-26. [PMID: 23017654 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Even though there is an impaired perceptual capacity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients, psychophysiological alterations, such as impaired gating as indexed by prepulse inhibition (PPI) or suppression of P50 auditory event-related potentials, have not been found in patients with ADHD. Hence, potential relationships of psychophysiological measures of gating to psychopathology and cognitive performance remain unclear. The present study investigates two distinct operational measures of gating as well as cognitive performance within adult ADHD patients in order to assess the relationship of these measures to psychopathology. PPI, P50 suppression, cognitive performance, and psychopathologic symptoms were assessed in 26 ADHD patients and 26 healthy control subjects. ADHD patients compared to healthy control subjects exhibited impaired P50 suppression, performed worse in cognitive tasks, and reported more psychopathological symptoms, but were normal in the test of PPI. Thus, P50 gating deficits are not specific to schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. These findings highlight the differences between P50 gating and PPI as measures of the gating construct. In keeping with the lack of correlations between these two putative operational measures of gating seen in both humans and animals, adult ADHD patients exhibit deficient P50 suppression and poor cognitive performance, despite exhibiting normal levels of PPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique H Holstein
- Psychiatric University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, PO Box 1932, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
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41
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Neurophysiological findings in patients with bipolar disorder. APPLICATION OF BRAIN OSCILLATIONS IN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASES - SELECTED PAPERS FROM “BRAIN OSCILLATIONS IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS” CONFERENCE, ISTANBUL, TURKEY, 29 APRIL–1 MAY 2011 2013; 62:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5307-8.00013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Hunter SK, Mendoza JH, D’Anna K, Zerbe GO, McCarthy L, Hoffman C, Freedman R, Ross RG. Antidepressants may mitigate the effects of prenatal maternal anxiety on infant auditory sensory gating. Am J Psychiatry 2012; 169:616-24. [PMID: 22581104 PMCID: PMC3640273 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11091365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal maternal anxiety has detrimental effects on the offspring's neurocognitive development, including impaired attentional function. Antidepressants are commonly used during pregnancy, yet their impact on offspring attention and their interaction with maternal anxiety has not been assessed. The authors used P50 auditory sensory gating, a putative marker of early attentional processes measurable in young infants, to assess the impact of maternal anxiety and antidepressant use. METHOD A total of 242 mother-infant dyads were classified relative to maternal history of anxiety and maternal prenatal antidepressant use. Infant P50 auditory sensory gating was recorded during active sleep at a mean age of 76 days (SD=38). RESULTS In the absence of prenatal antidepressant exposure, infants whose mothers had a history of anxiety diagnoses had diminished P50 sensory gating. Prenatal antidepressant exposure mitigated the effect of anxiety. The effect of maternal anxiety was limited to amplitude of response to the second stimulus, while antidepressant exposure had an impact on the amplitude of response to both the first and second stimulus. CONCLUSIONS Maternal anxiety disorders are associated with less inhibition during infant sensory gating, a performance deficit mitigated by prenatal antidepressant exposure. This effect may be important in considering the risks and benefits of antidepressant use during pregnancy. Cholinergic mechanisms are hypothesized for both anxiety and antidepressant effects, although the cholinergic receptors involved are likely different for anxiety and antidepressant effects.
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Javanbakht A, Liberzon I, Amirsadri A, Gjini K, Boutros NN. Event-related potential studies of post-traumatic stress disorder: a critical review and synthesis. BIOLOGY OF MOOD & ANXIETY DISORDERS 2011; 1:5. [PMID: 22738160 PMCID: PMC3377169 DOI: 10.1186/2045-5380-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the sparseness of the currently available data, there is accumulating evidence of information processing impairment in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Studies of event-related potentials (ERPs) are the main tool in real time examination of information processing. In this paper, we sought to critically review the ERP evidence of information processing abnormalities in patients with PTSD. We also examined the evidence supporting the existence of a relationship between ERP abnormalities and symptom profiles or severity in PTSD patients. An extensive Medline search was performed. Keywords included PTSD or post-traumatic stress disorder, electrophysiology or EEG, electrophysiology, P50, P100, N100, P2, P200, P3, P300, sensory gating, CNV (contingent negative variation) and MMN (mismatch negativity). We limited the review to ERP adult human studies with control groups which were reported in the English language. After applying our inclusion-exclusion review criteria, 36 studies were included. Subjects exposed to wide ranges of military and civilian traumas were studied in these reports. Presented stimuli were both auditory and visual. The most widely studied components included P300, P50 gating, N100 and P200. Most of the studies reported increased P300 response to trauma-related stimuli in PTSD patients. A smaller group of studies reported dampening of responses or no change in responses to trauma-related and/or unrelated stimuli. P50 studies were strongly suggestive of impaired gating in patients with PTSD. In conclusion, the majority of reports support evidence of information processing abnormalities in patients with PTSD diagnosis. The predominance of evidence suggests presence of mid-latency and late ERP components differences in PTSD patients in comparison to healthy controls. Heterogeneity of assessment methods used contributes to difficulties in reaching firm conclusions regarding the nature of these differences. We suggest that future ERP-PTSD studies utilize standardized assessment scales that provide detailed information regarding the symptom clusters and the degree of symptom severity. This would allow assessment of electrophysiological indices-clinical symptoms relationships. Based on the available data, we suggest that ERP abnormalities in PTSD are possibly affected by the level of illness severity. If supported by future research, ERP studies may be used for both initial assessment and treatment follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Javanbakht
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Clinical electrophysiologic assessments and mild traumatic brain injury: state-of-the-science and implications for clinical practice. Int J Psychophysiol 2011; 82:41-52. [PMID: 21419178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Conventional and quantitative electroencephalography (EEG and qEEG, respectively) may enhance clinical diagnosis and treatment planning provided to persons with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and postconcussive symptoms. Effective and appropriate use of EEG and qEEG in this context requires expert-level knowledge of these technologies, mTBI, and the differential diagnosis for postconcussive symptoms. A practical and brief review from the perspective of a clinician-scientist engaged principally in the care and study of persons with mTBI therefore may be of use and value to other clinicians and scientists interested in these matters. Toward that end, this article offers an overview of the current applications of conventional EEG and qEEG to the study and clinical evaluation of persons with mTBI. The clinical case definition of TBI, the differential diagnosis of post-injury neuropsychiatric disturbances, and the typical course of recovery following mTBI are reviewed. With this background and context, the strengths and limitations of the literature describing EEG and qEEG studies in this population are considered. The implications of this review on the applications of these electrophysiologic assessments to the clinical evaluation of persons with mTBI and postconcussive symptoms are then considered. Finally, suggestions are offered regarding the design of future studies using these technologies in this population. Although this review may be of interest and value to professionals engaged in clinical or research electrophysiology in their daily work, it is intended to serve more immediately the needs of clinicians less familiar with these types of clinical electrophysiologic assessments.
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45
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Hunter M, Villarreal G, McHaffie GR, Jimenez B, Smith AK, Calais LA, Hanlon F, Thoma RJ, Cañive JM. Lateralized abnormalities in auditory M50 sensory gating and cortical thickness of the superior temporal gyrus in post-traumatic stress disorder: preliminary results. Psychiatry Res 2011; 191:138-44. [PMID: 21211947 PMCID: PMC4356025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Auditory sensory gating deficits have been reported in subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the hemispheric and neuronal origins of this deficit are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate auditory sensory gating of the 50-ms response (M50) in patients diagnosed with PTSD by utilizing magnetoencephalography (MEG); (2) explore the relationship between M50 sensory gating and cortical thickness of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) measured with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); and (3) examine the association between PTSD symptomatology and bilateral sensory gating. Seven participants with combat-related PTSD and eleven controls underwent the paired-click sensory gating paradigm. MEG localized M50 neuronal generators to the STG in both groups. The PTSD group displayed impaired M50 gating in the right hemisphere. Thinner right STG cortical thickness was associated with worse right sensory gating in the PTSD group. The right S1 M50 source strength and gating ratio were correlated with PTSD symptomatology. These findings suggest that the structural integrity of right hemisphere STG cortices play an important role in auditory sensory gating deficits in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hunter
- New Mexico VA Healthcare System Clinical Neuroscience Research Program, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Bakshi VP, Alsene KM, Roseboom PH, Connors EE. Enduring sensorimotor gating abnormalities following predator exposure or corticotropin-releasing factor in rats: a model for PTSD-like information-processing deficits? Neuropharmacology 2011; 62:737-48. [PMID: 21288473 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A deficit in prepulse inhibition (PPI) can be one of the clinically observed features of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that is seen long after the acute traumatic episode has terminated. Thus, reduced PPI may represent an enduring psychophysiological marker of this illness in some patients. PPI is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating and refers to the phenomenon in which a weak stimulus presented immediately before an intense startling stimulus inhibits the magnitude of the subsequent startle response. The effects of stress on PPI have been relatively understudied, and in particular, there is very little information on PPI effects of ethologically relevant psychological stressors. We aimed to develop a paradigm for evaluating stress-induced sensorimotor gating abnormalities by comparing the effects of a purely psychological stressor (predator exposure) to those of a nociceptive physical stressor (footshock) on PPI and baseline startle responses in rats over an extended period of time following stressor presentation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed (within a protective cage) to ferrets for 5 min or left in their homecage and then tested for PPI immediately, 24 h, 48 h, and 9 days after the exposure. The effects of footshock were evaluated in a separate set of rats. The effects seen with stressor presentation were compared to those elicited by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF; 0.5 and 3 μg/6 μl, intracerebroventricularly). Finally, the effects of these stressors and CRF administration on plasma corticosterone were measured. PPI was disrupted 24 h after ferret exposure; in contrast, footshock failed to affect PPI at any time. CRF mimicked the predator stress profile, with the lowdose producing a PPI deficit 24 h after infusion. Interestingly, the high dose also produced a PPI deficit 24 h after infusion, but with this dose, the PPI deficit was evident even 9d later. Plasma corticosterone levels were elevated acutely (before PPI deficits emerged) by both stressors and CRF, but returned to normal control levels 24 h later, when PPI deficits were present. Thus, predator exposure produces a delayed disruption of PPI, and stimulation of CRF receptors recapitulates these effects. Contemporaneous HPA axis activation is neither necessary nor sufficient for these PPI deficits. These results indicate that predator exposure, perhaps acting through CRF, may model the delayed-onset and persistent sensorimotor gating abnormalities that have been observed clinically in PTSD, and that further studies using this model may shed insight on the mechanisms of information-processing deficits in this disorder. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali P Bakshi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
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Hairston IS, Talbot LS, Eidelman P, Gruber J, Harvey AG. Sensory gating in primary insomnia. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 31:2112-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nanbu M, Kurayama T, Nakazawa K, Matsuzawa D, Komiya Z, Haraguchi T, Ogura H, Hashimoto T, Yoshida S, Iyo M, Shimizu E. Impaired P50 suppression in fear extinction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:317-22. [PMID: 20035817 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The processes of fear conditioning and extinction are thought to be related to the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We have reported alterations of auditory P50 suppression in human fear conditioning and extinction in healthy control subjects (Kurayama et al., 2009). In the study, P50 suppression was impaired transiently in the course of fear acquisition and extinction. In this study, we investigated the changes of P50 suppression with OCD patients in the course of the same experimental paradigm. 39 patients with OCD and 21 healthy control subjects were recruited. In the acquisition phase of classical fear conditioning, 10 pairings of the conditioned stimulus (CS; the visual stimulus from a light-emitting diode) and the unconditioned stimulus (US; the electrical stimulus to the wrist) were administered, and in the extinction phase, 10 CS without US were administered. P50 auditory evoked potentials were measured as the first stimulus sound (S1) and the second stimulus sound (S2) in double-click paradigm with a 500 ms interval. P50 S2/S1 ratio was used to evaluate P50 suppression. The mean P50 S2/S1 ratio in patients with OCD significantly elevated from baseline level during the fear acquisition as that in healthy controls, but the elevated S2/S1 ratio did not recover to baseline level. The S2/S1 ratio in the extinction phase was significantly higher in the OCD patient group than in the healthy control group. In conclusion, our data suggested that P50 sensory gating in fear extinction was impaired in patients with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nanbu
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana 1-8-1, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Chan PYS, Davenport PW. The role of nicotine on respiratory sensory gating measured by respiratory-related evoked potentials. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:662-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00798.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory perception can be altered by changes in emotional or psychological states. This may be due to affective (i.e., anxiety) modulation of respiratory sensory gating. Nicotine withdrawal induces elevated anxiety and decreased somatosensory gating. Respiratory sensory gating is evidenced by decreased amplitude of the respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREP) N1 peak for the second occlusion (S2) when two 150-ms occlusions are presented with a 500-ms interval during an inspiration. The N1 peak amplitude ratio of the S2 and first occlusion (S1) (S2/S1) is <0.5 and due to central neural sensory gating. We hypothesized that withdrawal from nicotine is anxiogenic and reduces respiratory gating in smokers. The RREP was recorded in smokers with 12-h withdrawal from nicotine and nonsmokers using a paired occlusion protocol. In smokers, the RREP was measured after nicotine withdrawal, then with either nicotine or placebo gum, followed by the second RREP trial. Nonsmokers received only placebo gum. After nicotine withdrawal, the smokers had a higher state anxiety compared with nonsmokers. There was a significant interaction between groups (nonsmokers vs. smokers with nicotine vs. smokers with placebo) and test (pre- vs. posttreatment) in RREP N1 peak amplitude S2/S1. The S2/S1 in the smokers were larger than in nonsmokers before treatment. After gum treatment, the smoker-with-placebo group had a significantly larger S2/S1 than the other two groups. The S2/S1 was significantly decreased after the administration of nicotine gum in smokers due to significantly decreased S2 amplitudes. The RREP Nf and P1 peaks were unaffected. These results demonstrated that respiratory sensory gating was decreased in smokers after nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine increased respiratory sensory gating in smokers with a S2/S1 similar to that of the nonsmokers. Nicotine did not change respiratory sensory information arrival, but secondary information processing in respiratory sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Sarah Chan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - P. W. Davenport
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Respiratory-Related-Evoked Potential Measures of Respiratory Sensory Gating in Attend and Ignore Conditions. J Clin Neurophysiol 2009; 26:438-45. [DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0b013e3181c2bcf7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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