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Khan W, Zaki N, Ahmad A, Masud MM, Govender R, Rojas-Perilla N, Ali L, Ghenimi N, Ahmed LA. Node embedding-based graph autoencoder outlier detection for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19817. [PMID: 37963898 PMCID: PMC10645849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB), can have serious consequences for both the mother and infant. Early prediction of such outcomes is important for their prevention. Previous studies using traditional machine learning (ML) models for predicting PTB and LBW have encountered two important limitations: extreme class imbalance in medical datasets and the inability to account for complex relational structures between entities. To address these limitations, we propose a node embedding-based graph outlier detection algorithm to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes. We developed a knowledge graph using a well-curated representative dataset of the Emirati population and two node embedding algorithms. The graph autoencoder (GAE) was trained by applying a combination of original risk factors and node embedding features. Samples that were difficult to reconstruct at the output of GAE were identified as outliers considered representing PTB and LBW samples. Our experiments using LBW, PTB, and very PTB datasets demonstrated that incorporating node embedding considerably improved performance, achieving a 12% higher AUC-ROC compared to traditional GAE. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of node embedding and graph outlier detection in improving the prediction performance of adverse pregnancy outcomes in well-curated population datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasif Khan
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nazar Zaki
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi (ASPIREPMRIAD), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Amir Ahmad
- Department of Information Systems and Security, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad M Masud
- Department of Information Systems and Security, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Romana Govender
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Natalia Rojas-Perilla
- Department of Analytics in the Digital Era, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luqman Ali
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadirah Ghenimi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luai A Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Yu H, Ni P, Tian Y, Zhao L, Li M, Li X, Wei W, Wei J, Wang Q, Guo W, Deng W, Ma X, Coid J, Li T. Association of elevated levels of peripheral complement components with cortical thinning and impaired logical memory in drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:79. [PMID: 37935744 PMCID: PMC10630449 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been linked to polymorphism in genes encoding components of the complement system, and hyperactive complement activity has been linked to immune dysfunction in schizophrenia patients. Whether and how specific complement components influence brain structure and cognition in the disease is unclear. Here we compared 52 drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 52 healthy controls in terms of levels of peripheral complement factors, cortical thickness (CT), logical memory and psychotic symptoms. We also explored the relationship between complement factors with CT, cognition and psychotic symptoms. Patients showed significantly higher levels of C1q, C4, factor B, factor H, and properdin in plasma. Among patients, higher levels of C3 in plasma were associated with worse memory recall, while higher levels of C4, factor B and factor H were associated with thinner sensory cortex. These findings link dysregulation of specific complement components to abnormal brain structure and cognition in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peiyan Ni
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mingli Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinxue Wei
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jeremy Coid
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Soria Bretones C, Roncero Parra C, Cascón J, Borja AL, Mateo Sotos J. Automatic identification of schizophrenia employing EEG records analyzed with deep learning algorithms. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:36-46. [PMID: 37690170 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalography is a method of detecting and analyzing electrical activity in the brain. This electrical activity can be recorded and processed to aid in the clinical diagnosis of mental disorders. In this study, a novel system for classifying schizophrenia patients from EEG recordings is presented. The developed algorithm decomposes the EEG signals into a system of radial basis functions using the method of fuzzy means. This decomposition helps to obtain the information from the various electrodes of the EEG and allows separating between healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia. The proposed method has been compared with classical machine learning algorithms, such as, K-Nearest Neighbor, Adaboost, Support Vector Machine, and Bayesian Linear Discriminant Analysis. The results show that the proposed method obtains the highest values in terms of balanced accuracy, recall, precision and F1 score, close to 93 % in all cases. The model developed in this study can be implemented in brain activity analysis systems that help in the prediction of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Roncero Parra
- Departamento de Sistema Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cascón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica, Automática y Comunicaciones, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Expert Group in Medical Analysis, Instituto de Tecnología, Construcción y Telecomunicaciones, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Alejandro L Borja
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica, Automática y Comunicaciones, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Jorge Mateo Sotos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica, Automática y Comunicaciones, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Expert Group in Medical Analysis, Instituto de Tecnología, Construcción y Telecomunicaciones, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
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Andrews JL, Zalesky A, Nair S, Sullivan RP, Green MJ, Pantelis C, Newell KA, Fernandez F. Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation in Lingo-1: Effects on Cognitive Function and White Matter Microstructure in a Case-Control Study for Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15624. [PMID: 37958608 PMCID: PMC10648795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein (Lingo-1) plays a vital role in a large number of neuronal processes underlying learning and memory, which are known to be disrupted in schizophrenia. However, Lingo-1 has never been examined in the context of schizophrenia. The genetic association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs3144) and methylation (CpG sites) in the Lingo-1 3'-UTR region was examined, with the testing of cognitive dysfunction and white matter (WM) integrity in a schizophrenia case-control cohort (n = 268/group). A large subset of subjects (97 control and 161 schizophrenia subjects) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans to assess WM integrity. Frequency of the rs3144 minor allele was overrepresented in the schizophrenia population (p = 0.03), with an odds ratio of 1.39 (95% CI 1.016-1.901). CpG sites surrounding rs3144 were hypermethylated in the control population (p = 0.032) compared to the schizophrenia group. rs3144 genotype was predictive of membership to a subclass of schizophrenia subjects with generalized cognitive deficits (p < 0.05), in addition to having associations with WM integrity (p = 0.018). This is the first study reporting a potential implication of genetic and epigenetic risk factors in Lingo-1 in schizophrenia. Both of these genetic and epigenetic alterations may also have associations with cognitive dysfunction and WM integrity in the context of the schizophrenia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Andrews
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia (K.A.N.)
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.Z.); (C.P.)
| | - Shalima Nair
- Epigenetics Research Program, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
| | - Ryan P. Sullivan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Melissa J. Green
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.Z.); (C.P.)
| | - Kelly A. Newell
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia (K.A.N.)
| | - Francesca Fernandez
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia (K.A.N.)
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, QLD 4014, Australia
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
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Arya S, Kamyab A, Sanatkar SA, Pourmehdiardebili M, Ebrahimi A, Kamyab P, Alavi K, Zarei Z, Ahmadkhaniha HR. Evaluating the association of vitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, and C-reactive protein serum levels in patients with an acute psychotic episode: a cross-sectional study in tertiary centre in Iran. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:724. [PMID: 37803327 PMCID: PMC10557165 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high impact of vitamin D on brain development and its relationship with inflammatory markers in the clinical course of psychiatric disorders have compelled researchers to investigate the potential association between vitamin D levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and the incidence of mental disorders. In the present study, we aimed to compare the serum levels of vitamin D and its related markers, including calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH), along with CRP, in 3 groups of patients with acute psychotic episodes, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and methamphetamine-induced psychosis, with a standard control group of the Iranian population. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a psychiatric hospital in Tehran, Iran, and involved a total of 185 subjects. The subjects included four groups: acute phase of schizophrenia (n = 49), acute manic episodes of bipolar disorder (n = 43), methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder (n = 46), and control group (n = 47). Among 138 patients in acute psychotic episodes, 33 patients were in their first episode of psychosis, while 105 patients were in acute exacerbation of their chronic psychotic disorders. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was measured by an expert attending psychiatrist for all patients. Then, serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathormone, vitamin D, and CRP were assessed in all study groups. RESULTS Among our 185 study subjects, it was observed that individuals with higher education levels and those who were married had a lower prevalence of mental disorders. In all patient groups, the serum levels of CRP were significantly higher, and PTH levels were significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.001). The serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D were not statistically significantly different between the patient and control groups of the study. In chronic psychotic patients, CRP levels were significantly higher (p < 0.031), and vitamin D levels were significantly lower (p < 0.044) compared to first-episode psychotic patients. CONCLUSION This study suggests that CRP levels are significantly higher and PHT level is significantly lower in acute psychotic patients. Moreover, vitamin D levels were significantly lower in chronic psychotic patients compared to first-episode psychotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Arya
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Alireza Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parnia Kamyab
- Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Kaveh Alavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences & Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhina Zarei
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Ahmadkhaniha
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mak O, Couth S, Plack CJ, Kotz SA, Yao B. Investigating the lateralisation of experimentally induced auditory verbal hallucinations. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1193402. [PMID: 37483346 PMCID: PMC10359906 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1193402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), or hearing non-existent voices, are a common symptom in psychosis. Recent research suggests that AVHs are also experienced by neurotypical individuals. Individuals with schizophrenia experiencing AVHs and neurotypicals who are highly prone to hallucinate both produce false positive responses in auditory signal detection. These findings suggest that voice-hearing may lie on a continuum with similar mechanisms underlying AVHs in both populations. Methods The current study used a monaural auditory stimulus in a signal detection task to test to what extent experimentally induced verbal hallucinations are (1) left-lateralised (i.e., more likely to occur when presented to the right ear compared to the left ear due to the left-hemisphere dominance for language processing), and (2) predicted by self-reported hallucination proneness and auditory imagery tendencies. In a conditioning task, fifty neurotypical participants associated a negative word on-screen with the same word being played via headphones through successive simultaneous audio-visual presentations. A signal detection task followed where participants were presented with a target word on-screen and indicated whether they heard the word being played concurrently amongst white noise. Results Results showed that Pavlovian audio-visual conditioning reliably elicited a significant number of false positives (FPs). However, FP rates, perceptual sensitivities, and response biases did not differ between either ear. They were neither predicted by hallucination proneness nor auditory imagery. Discussion The results show that experimentally induced FPs in neurotypicals are not left-lateralised, adding further weight to the argument that lateralisation may not be a defining feature of hallucinations in clinical or non-clinical populations. The findings also support the idea that AVHs may be a continuous phenomenon that varies in severity and frequency across the population. Studying induced AVHs in neurotypicals may help identify the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms contributing to AVHs in individuals with psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Mak
- Division of Human Communication, Development & Hearing, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Couth
- Division of Human Communication, Development & Hearing, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Plack
- Division of Human Communication, Development & Hearing, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja A. Kotz
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bo Yao
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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Kotsiri I, Resta P, Spyrantis A, Panotopoulos C, Chaniotis D, Beloukas A, Magiorkinis E. Viral Infections and Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2023; 15:1345. [PMID: 37376644 DOI: 10.3390/v15061345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with multiple genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Viral infections have been suggested to be one of the environmental factors associated with the development of this disorder. We comprehensively review all relevant published literature focusing on the relationship between schizophrenia and various viral infections, such as influenza virus, herpes virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), retrovirus, coronavirus, and Borna virus. These viruses may interfere with the normal maturation of the brain directly or through immune-induced mediators, such as cytokines, leading to the onset of schizophrenia. Changes in the expression of critical genes and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines have been linked to virally-induced infections and relevant immune activities in schizophrenia. Future research is necessary to understand this relationship better and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kotsiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asklipeion General Hospital, Voulas, 16673 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Resta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- National AIDS Reference Centre of Southern Greece, Department of Public Health Policy, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Spyrantis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asklipeion General Hospital, Voulas, 16673 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Chaniotis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Beloukas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- National AIDS Reference Centre of Southern Greece, Department of Public Health Policy, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Magiorkinis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Duan J, Gong X, Womer FY, Sun K, Tang L, Liu J, Zheng J, Zhu Y, Tang Y, Zhang X, Wang F. Neurodevelopmental trajectories, polygenic risk, and lipometabolism in vulnerability and resilience to schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:153. [PMID: 36894907 PMCID: PMC9999573 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) arises from a complex interplay involving genetic and molecular factors. Early intervention of SZ hinges upon understanding its vulnerability and resiliency factors in study of SZ and genetic high risk for SZ (GHR). METHODS Herein, using integrative and multimodal strategies, we first performed a longitudinal study of neural function as measured by amplitude of low frequency function (ALFF) in 21 SZ, 26 GHR, and 39 healthy controls to characterize neurodevelopmental trajectories of SZ and GHR. Then, we examined the relationship between polygenic risk score for SZ (SZ-PRS), lipid metabolism, and ALFF in 78 SZ, and 75 GHR in cross-sectional design to understand its genetic and molecular substrates. RESULTS Across time, SZ and GHR diverge in ALFF alterations of the left medial orbital frontal cortex (MOF). At baseline, both SZ and GHR had increased left MOF ALFF compared to HC (P < 0.05). At follow-up, increased ALFF persisted in SZ, yet normalized in GHR. Further, membrane genes and lipid species for cell membranes predicted left MOF ALFF in SZ; whereas in GHR, fatty acids best predicted and were negatively correlated (r = -0.302, P < 0.05) with left MOF. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate divergence in ALFF alteration in left MOF between SZ and GHR with disease progression, reflecting vulnerability and resiliency to SZ. They also indicate different influences of membrane genes and lipid metabolism on left MOF ALFF in SZ and GHR, which have important implications for understanding mechanisms underlying vulnerability and resiliency in SZ and contribute to translational efforts for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Duan
- Department of Psychiatry. Early Intervention Unit, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Psychiatry and Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fay Y Womer
- Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kaijin Sun
- Department of Psychiatry. Early Intervention Unit, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Psychiatry. Early Intervention Unit, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Psychiatry and Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry. Early Intervention Unit, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Psychiatry and Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Junjie Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry. Early Intervention Unit, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry. Early Intervention Unit, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Psychiatry and Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xizhe Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry. Early Intervention Unit, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, PR China. .,Department of Psychiatry and Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China.
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9
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Stevens KL, Teich CD, Longenecker JM, Sponheim SR. Relational memory function in schizophrenia: Electrophysiological evidence for early perceptual and late associative abnormalities. Schizophr Res 2023; 254:99-108. [PMID: 36821940 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine encoding and retrieval during episodic memory in people with schizophrenia (SZ) and biological relatives of SZ (SZr). To isolate contextual from item-specific aspects of memory, we employed the Relational and Item-Specific Encoding (RISE) task. Twenty two healthy controls (HCs), 22 SZ, and 19 SZr, encoded visual depictions of objects when displayed alone (item-specific) or in pairs (relational encoding), and were later tested on recognition of specific objects and whether pairs of objects had appeared together. An early posterior component (P2) during encoding predicted later recognition and was diminished in SZ. A late negative potential (LNP) over left frontal brain regions during recognition was larger for relationally encoded objects than new and item-specific encoded objects in HCs. This pattern was absent for SZ and SZr. Smaller P2 and LNP components were associated with greater self-reported cognitive-perceptual abnormalities. Early posterior brain responses likely relevant to perceptual functions supporting memory formation were diminished in schizophrenia. Late frontal electrophysiological responses associated with relational aspects of memory appear diminished in SZ and SZr, potentially reflecting the influence of genetic liability for schizophrenia on brain functions supporting episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Stevens
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, United States of America; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, United States of America
| | - Collin D Teich
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, United States of America; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, United States of America
| | - Julia M Longenecker
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Center, United States of America; University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, United States of America; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, United States of America.
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10
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Frau R, Melis M. Sex-specific susceptibility to psychotic-like states provoked by prenatal THC exposure: Reversal by pregnenolone. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13240. [PMID: 36810840 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Sociocultural attitudes towards cannabis legalization contribute to the common misconception that it is a relatively safe drug and its use during pregnancy poses no risk to the fetus. However, longitudinal studies demonstrate that maternal cannabis exposure results in adverse outcomes in the offspring, with a heightened risk for developing psychopathology. One of the most reported psychiatric outcomes is the proneness to psychotic-like experiences during childhood. How exposure to cannabis during gestation increases psychosis susceptibility in children and adolescents remains elusive. Preclinical research has indicated that in utero exposure to the major psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), deranges brain developmental trajectories towards vulnerable psychotic-like endophenotypes later in life. Here, we present how prenatal THC exposure (PCE) deregulates mesolimbic dopamine development predisposing the offspring to schizophrenia-relevant phenotypes, exclusively when exposed to environmental challenges, such as stress or THC. Detrimental effects of PCE are sex-specific because female offspring do not display psychotic-like outcomes upon exposure to these challenges. Moreover, we present how pregnenolone, a neurosteroid that showed beneficial properties on the effects elicited by cannabis intoxication, normalizes mesolimbic dopamine function and rescues psychotic-like phenotypes. We, therefore, suggest this neurosteroid as a safe "disease-modifying" aid to prevent the onset of psychoses in vulnerable individuals. Our findings corroborate clinical evidence and highlight the relevance of early diagnostic screening and preventative strategies for young individuals at risk for mental diseases, such as male PCE offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
- The Guy Everett Laboratory for Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Miriam Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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11
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Synaptic plasticity in Schizophrenia pathophysiology. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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12
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Khan W, Zaki N, Ahmad A, Bian J, Ali L, Mehedy Masud M, Ghenimi N, Ahmed LA. Infant Low Birth Weight Prediction Using Graph Embedding Features. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1317. [PMID: 36674072 PMCID: PMC9859143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low Birth weight (LBW) infants pose a serious public health concern worldwide in both the short and long term for infants and their mothers. Infant weight prediction prior to birth can help to identify risk factors and reduce the risk of infant morbidity and mortality. Although many Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have been proposed for LBW prediction using maternal features and produced considerable model performance, their performance needs to be improved so that they can be adapted in real-world clinical settings. Existing algorithms used for LBW classification often fail to capture structural information from the tabular dataset of patients with different complications. Therefore, to improve the LBW classification performance, we propose a solution by transforming the tabular data into a knowledge graph with the aim that patients from the same class (normal or LBW) exhibit similar patterns in the graphs. To achieve this, several features related to each node are extracted such as node embedding using node2vec algorithm, node degree, node similarity, nearest neighbors, etc. Our method is evaluated on a real-life dataset obtained from a large cohort study in the United Arab Emirates which contains data from 3453 patients. Multiple experiments were performed using the seven most commonly used ML models on the original dataset, graph features, and a combination of features, respectively. Experimental results show that our proposed method achieved the best performance with an area under the curve of 0.834 which is over 6% improvement compared to using the original risk factors without transforming them into knowledge graphs. Furthermore, we provide the clinical relevance of the proposed model that are important for the model to be adapted in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasif Khan
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nazar Zaki
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amir Ahmad
- Department of Information Systems and Security, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Luqman Ali
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Mehedy Masud
- Department of Information Systems and Security, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadirah Ghenimi
- Department Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luai A. Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Mednova IA, Boiko AS, Kornetova EG, Semke AV, Bokhan NA, Ivanova SA. Cytokines as Potential Biomarkers of Clinical Characteristics of Schizophrenia. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1972. [PMID: 36556337 PMCID: PMC9784438 DOI: 10.3390/life12121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune activation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, as confirmed by many studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The important role of neuroinflammation in the formation of the relation between impaired neurobiological processes and schizophrenia psychopathology is being actively discussed. We quantified serum concentrations of 22 cytokines in 236 patients with schizophrenia and 103 mentally and somatically healthy individuals by a multiplex assay. We found higher TGF-α (p = 0.014), IFN-γ (p = 0.036), IL-5 (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p = 0.047), IL-8 (p = 0.005), IL-10 (p <0.001), IL-15 (p = 0.007), IL-1RA (p = 0.007), and TNF-α (p < 0.001) levels in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy individuals. Subgroup analysis revealed a much greater number of statistically significant differences in cytokine levels among females than among males. Patients with a continuous course of schizophrenia showed statistically significantly higher levels of IL-12p70 (p = 0.019), IL-1α (p = 0.046), and IL-1β (p = 0.035) compared with patients with an episodic course. Most cytokines were positively correlated with positive, general, and total PANSS scores. In patients with a duration of schizophrenia of 10 years or more, the level of IL-10 was higher than that in patients with a disease duration of 5 years or less (p = 0.042). Thus, an imbalance in cytokines was revealed in patients with schizophrenia, depending on sex and clinical characteristics of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Mednova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya Str. 4, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | - Anastasiia S. Boiko
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya Str. 4, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | - Elena G. Kornetova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya Str. 4, Tomsk 634014, Russia
- Hospital at Siberian State Medical University, Moskovsky Trakt 2, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Arkadiy V. Semke
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya Str. 4, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Bokhan
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya Str. 4, Tomsk 634014, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, Addictology and Psychotherapy, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovsky Trakt 2, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya Str. 4, Tomsk 634014, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, Addictology and Psychotherapy, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovsky Trakt 2, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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14
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Zhang K, Liao P, Wen J, Hu Z. Synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia pathophysiology. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:478-487. [PMID: 36590092 PMCID: PMC9795311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric syndrome with psychotic behavioral abnormalities and marked cognitive deficits. It is widely accepted that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset of schizophrenia. However, the etiology and pathology of the disease remain largely unexplored. Recently, the synaptopathology and the dysregulated synaptic plasticity and function have emerging as intriguing and prominent biological mechanisms of schizophrenia pathogenesis. Synaptic plasticity is the ability of neurons to change the strength of their connections in response to internal or external stimuli, which is essential for brain development and function, learning and memory, and vast majority of behavior responses relevant to psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. Here, we reviewed molecular and cellular mechanisms of the multiple forms synaptic plasticity, and the functional regulations of schizophrenia-risk factors including disease susceptible genes and environmental alterations on synaptic plasticity and animal behavior. Recent genome-wide association studies have provided fruitful findings of hundreds of risk gene variances associated with schizophrenia, thus further clarifying the role of these disease-risk genes in synaptic transmission and plasticity will be beneficial to advance our understanding of schizophrenia pathology, as well as the molecular mechanism of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexuan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Panlin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jin Wen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,Correspondence to: Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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15
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Casas BS, Arancibia-Altamirano D, Acevedo-La Rosa F, Garrido-Jara D, Maksaev V, Pérez-Monje D, Palma V. It takes two to tango: Widening our understanding of the onset of schizophrenia from a neuro-angiogenic perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:946706. [PMID: 36092733 PMCID: PMC9448889 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.946706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic debilitating mental disorder characterized by perturbations in thinking, perception, and behavior, along with brain connectivity deficiencies, neurotransmitter dysfunctions, and loss of gray brain matter. To date, schizophrenia has no cure and pharmacological treatments are only partially efficacious, with about 30% of patients describing little to no improvement after treatment. As in most neurological disorders, the main descriptions of schizophrenia physiopathology have been focused on neural network deficiencies. However, to sustain proper neural activity in the brain, another, no less important network is operating: the vast, complex and fascinating vascular network. Increasing research has characterized schizophrenia as a systemic disease where vascular involvement is important. Several neuro-angiogenic pathway disturbances have been related to schizophrenia. Alterations, ranging from genetic polymorphisms, mRNA, and protein alterations to microRNA and abnormal metabolite processing, have been evaluated in plasma, post-mortem brain, animal models, and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models. During embryonic brain development, the coordinated formation of blood vessels parallels neuro/gliogenesis and results in the structuration of the neurovascular niche, which brings together physical and molecular signals from both systems conforming to the Blood-Brain barrier. In this review, we offer an upfront perspective on distinctive angiogenic and neurogenic signaling pathways that might be involved in the biological causality of schizophrenia. We analyze the role of pivotal angiogenic-related pathways such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and HIF signaling related to hypoxia and oxidative stress events; classic developmental pathways such as the NOTCH pathway, metabolic pathways such as the mTOR/AKT cascade; emerging neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative processes such as UPR, and also discuss non-canonic angiogenic/axonal guidance factor signaling. Considering that all of the mentioned above pathways converge at the Blood-Brain barrier, reported neurovascular alterations could have deleterious repercussions on overall brain functioning in schizophrenia.
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16
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Dunleavy C, Elsworthy RJ, Upthegrove R, Wood SJ, Aldred S. Inflammation in first-episode psychosis: The contribution of inflammatory biomarkers to the emergence of negative symptoms, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2022; 146:6-20. [PMID: 35202480 PMCID: PMC9310618 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive analysis of cytokine perturbations in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) populations and assess the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and negative symptom severity. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines were conducted. A total of 1042 records were identified via systematic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE and APA PsycInfo databases. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for inclusion in the review. Ten of these studies had sufficient data for inclusion in a random effects, pooled-effect meta-analysis. RESULTS A significant and large effect size was reported for IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-12, and a moderate effect size reported for IL-17 (p = <0.05) in people with antipsychotic naive first episode psychosis, compared to healthy controls, suggesting a significant elevation in proinflammatory cytokine concentration. Non-significant effect sizes were reported for TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8 and IL-10 (p = >0.05). Regarding proinflammatory cytokines and relationships to negative symptomology, moderate positive relationships were reported for negative symptoms and IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, across four studies. For anti-inflammatory cytokines, one strong and one weak-to-moderate negative relationship was described for IL-10 and negative symptoms. Contrastingly, a strong positive relationship was reported for IL-4 and negative symptoms. CONCLUSION There is evidence of significantly elevated proinflammatory cytokines in antipsychotic-naïve FEP populations, alongside promising findings from cohort data suggesting an interaction between inflammation and primary negative symptomology. Future studies should seek to come to a consensus on a panel of cytokines that relate most specifically to negative symptoms, and consider longitudinal studies to investigate how cytokine fluctuations may relate to exacerbation of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Dunleavy
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK,School of PsychologyInstitute for Mental HealthUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Richard J. Elsworthy
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- School of PsychologyInstitute for Mental HealthUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK,Early Intervention ServiceBirmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation TrustCentre for Human Brain Health (CHBH)University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Stephen J. Wood
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK,School of PsychologyInstitute for Mental HealthUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK,Centre for Youth Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Orygen Youth HealthParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sarah Aldred
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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17
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Singh M, Dwibedy SLL, Biswal SR, Muthuswamy S, Kumar A, Kumar S. Circular RNA: A novel and potential regulator in pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1309-1316. [PMID: 35435609 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a sub-class of non-coding RNA, which are covalently closed at the ends through a non-canonical process called, backsplicing from the precursor linear RNAs. These molecules are involved in several biological phenomena including regulation of gene expression, synaptic plasticity, and cognition. Several studies have shown that circRNA are present abundantly inside the mammalian brain and they are believed to be associated with the development of neurons and neuronal functions. It is also evident that alterations in intracellular and extracellular levels of circRNAs are linked with various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (SZ). Detailed studies of circRNAs are required to decode the molecular mechanism behind the onset of SZ and the related biological activities during disease progression. This can help unravel their role in this neurobehavioral disorder and develop effective therapeutics against the disease. The present review mainly focuses on the expression and activities of the circRNAs in the post-mortem brain, peripheral blood, and exosomes. It also gives an insight into the role of circRNA interaction with RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and nucleotide modification and their therapeutic potential in the context of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandakini Singh
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | | | - Smruti Rekha Biswal
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Srinivasan Muthuswamy
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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18
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Sánchez‐Olguin CP, Zamudio SR, Guzmán‐Velázquez S, Márquez‐Portillo M, Caba‐Flores MD, Camacho‐Abrego I, Flores G, Melo AI. Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion disrupts maternal behavior in rats: An animal model of schizophrenia. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22283. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.22283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P. Sánchez‐Olguin
- Departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico
| | - Sergio R. Zamudio
- Departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
| | - Sonia Guzmán‐Velázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
| | - Mariana Márquez‐Portillo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal CINVESTAV Laboratorio Tlaxcala Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico
| | | | - Israel Camacho‐Abrego
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
| | - Angel I. Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal CINVESTAV Laboratorio Tlaxcala Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico
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19
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Eger G, Reuven Y, Dreiher J, Shvartzman P, Weiser M, Aizenberg D, Weizman A, Lev-Ran S. Effects of country of origin and wave of immigration on prevalence of schizophrenia among first and second-generation immigrants: A 30-year retrospective study. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:247-253. [PMID: 32229262 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the rates of schizophrenia among 1st and 2nd generation immigrants from two distinct backgrounds and across sequential periods of immigration. METHODS A 30-years retrospective cohort study (187,184 individuals) of 1st and 2nd generation East-African immigrants (EAIs) and former Soviet-Union immigrants (FSUIs) who migrated to Israel between 1980 and 2012. EAIs were further divided according to waves of immigration. Period prevalence was calculated between the years 2002-2012. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between immigration-related factors and prevalence of schizophrenia (Native-Born Israelis serving as reference group). RESULTS The prevalence of schizophrenia in 1st generation EAIs and FSUIs was 1.8% and 1.2%, respectively, compared to 1.0% among NBIs (p<0.001). The prevalence of schizophrenia among 2nd generation EAIs and FSUIs was 1.3% and 0.8%, respectively, compared to 0.6% among NBIs (p<0.001). Adjusted odds ratios for developing schizophrenia compared to NBIs were 1.6 (95%CI:1.4-1.8) and 2.1 (95%CI:1.6-2.7), among 1st and 2nd generation EAIs and 1.1 (95%CI:0.9-1.2) and 1.3 (95%CI:1.0-1.8) among 1st and 2nd generation FSUIs respectively. Among EAIs, we observed the highest rate of schizophrenia in the pioneer wave of immigrants with gradual decline across subsequent waves: 2.4%, 1.9% and 1.0% for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd waves of immigration, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The increased risk for developing schizophrenia among 2nd generation immigrants and among pioneer groups of immigrants emphasizes the importance of persistent investment in acculturation. Further studies elucidating the impact of country of origin and ethnic density on the risk for developing schizophrenia are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Eger
- Geha Mental Health Center, Israel.
| | - Y Reuven
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - J Dreiher
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - P Shvartzman
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - M Weiser
- Psychiatry division, "Sheba" Medical Center, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | | | | | - S Lev-Ran
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Lev-Hasharon Mental Health Center, Israel
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20
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Musa A, Khan S, Mujahid M, El-Gaby M. The shallow cognitive map hypothesis: A hippocampal framework for thought disorder in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:34. [PMID: 35853896 PMCID: PMC9261089 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Memories are not formed in isolation. They are associated and organized into relational knowledge structures that allow coherent thought. Failure to express such coherent thought is a key hallmark of Schizophrenia. Here we explore the hypothesis that thought disorder arises from disorganized Hippocampal cognitive maps. In doing so, we combine insights from two key lines of investigation, one concerning the neural signatures of cognitive mapping, and another that seeks to understand lower-level cellular mechanisms of cognition within a dynamical systems framework. Specifically, we propose that multiple distinct pathological pathways converge on the shallowing of Hippocampal attractors, giving rise to disorganized Hippocampal cognitive maps and driving conceptual disorganization. We discuss the available evidence at the computational, behavioural, network, and cellular levels. We also outline testable predictions from this framework, including how it could unify major chemical and psychological theories of schizophrenia and how it can provide a rationale for understanding the aetiology and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Musa
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6HG, UK
| | - Safia Khan
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6HG, UK
| | - Minahil Mujahid
- St Anne's college, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6HS, UK
| | - Mohamady El-Gaby
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK.
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21
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What can genetics tell us about the schizophrenia construct? Schizophr Res 2022; 242:126-129. [PMID: 35125284 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Rodríguez-Martínez AE, Monroy-Jaramillo N, Rodríguez-Agudelo Y, Solís-Vivanco R. Working Memory Impairment as an Endophenotypic Marker in Patients with Schizophrenia: Failures in Encoding or Maintenance? Neuropsychobiology 2022; 80:352-358. [PMID: 33582675 DOI: 10.1159/000513495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although working memory (WM) dysfunction has been proposed as a schizophrenia (SZ) endophenotype, the specific impaired component (encoding or maintenance) in patients and unaffected relatives remains inconclusive. We compared auditory-verbal and visuospatial WM in patients with SZ, unaffected siblings (USs), and healthy controls under 2 response conditions: immediate (encoding condition) and delayed (maintenance condition). METHODS We included 22 participants per group, similar in age and gender. Three WM tests (Spatial Span, Backward Digit Span, and Letter-Number Span) were administered under both conditions in a counterbalanced manner to all participants. RESULTS Poorer performance was found in the SZ group for all tests (p < 0.001). USs showed a better performance than patients, but worse than controls (p < 0.05), except for the Backward Digit Span test, in which their performance was similar to that of the SZ group. The effect of the delayed response in all tasks was not significant in any group. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that WM impairment, including auditory-verbal and visuospatial modalities, corresponds to a stable feature of the disease as it is present in USs, thus confirming its potential endophenotypic property in SZ patients. No effect of the delayed response was observed, suggesting failures in encoding in both patients and USs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- Genetics Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yaneth Rodríguez-Agudelo
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Solís-Vivanco
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico, .,Neuropsychology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico,
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23
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Wagh VV, Vyas P, Agrawal S, Pachpor TA, Paralikar V, Khare SP. Peripheral Blood-Based Gene Expression Studies in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review. Front Genet 2021; 12:736483. [PMID: 34721526 PMCID: PMC8548640 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.736483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder that is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, and socio-occupational impairment. The duration of observation and variability in symptoms can make the accurate diagnosis difficult. Identification of biomarkers for schizophrenia (SCZ) can help in early diagnosis, ascertaining the diagnosis, and development of effective treatment strategies. Here we review peripheral blood-based gene expression studies for identification of gene expression biomarkers for SCZ. A literature search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science databases for blood-based gene expression studies in SCZ. A list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was compiled and analyzed for overlap with genetic markers, differences based on drug status of the participants, functional enrichment, and for effect of antipsychotics. This literature survey identified 61 gene expression studies. Seventeen out of these studies were based on expression microarrays. A comparative analysis of the DEGs (n = 227) from microarray studies revealed differences between drug-naive and drug-treated SCZ participants. We found that of the 227 DEGs, 11 genes (ACOT7, AGO2, DISC1, LDB1, RUNX3, SIGIRR, SLC18A1, NRG1, CHRNB2, PRKAB2, and ZNF74) also showed genetic and epigenetic changes associated with SCZ. Functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed dysregulation of proline and 4-hydroxyproline metabolism. Also, arginine and proline metabolism was the most functionally enriched pathway for SCZ in our analysis. Follow-up studies identified effect of antipsychotic treatment on peripheral blood gene expression. Of the 27 genes compiled from the follow-up studies AKT1, DISC1, HP, and EIF2D had no effect on their expression status as a result of antipsychotic treatment. Despite the differences in the nature of the study, ethnicity of the population, and the gene expression analysis method used, we identified several coherent observations. An overlap, though limited, of genetic, epigenetic and gene expression changes supports interplay of genetic and environmental factors in SCZ. The studies validate the use of blood as a surrogate tissue for biomarker analysis. We conclude that well-designed cohort studies across diverse populations, use of high-throughput sequencing technology, and use of artificial intelligence (AI) based computational analysis will significantly improve our understanding and diagnostic capabilities for this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Vilas Wagh
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Parin Vyas
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Suchita Agrawal
- The Psychiatry Unit, KEM Hospital and KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | | | - Vasudeo Paralikar
- The Psychiatry Unit, KEM Hospital and KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Satyajeet P Khare
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
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24
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Sultana R, Brooks CB, Shrestha A, Ogundele OM, Lee CC. Perineuronal Nets in the Prefrontal Cortex of a Schizophrenia Mouse Model: Assessment of Neuroanatomical, Electrophysiological, and Behavioral Contributions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11140. [PMID: 34681799 PMCID: PMC8538055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose etiopathogenesis includes changes in cellular as well as extracellular structures. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) associated with parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVs) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are dysregulated in schizophrenia. However, the postnatal development of these structures along with their associated neurons in the PFC is unexplored, as is their effects on behavior and neural activity. Therefore, in this study, we employed a DISC1 (Disruption in Schizophrenia) mutation mouse model of schizophrenia to assess these developmental changes and tested whether enzymatic digestion of PNNs in the PFC affected schizophrenia-like behaviors and neural activity. Developmentally, we found that the normal formation of PNNs, PVs, and colocalization of these two in the PFC, peaked around PND 22 (postnatal day 22). However, in DISC1, mutation animals from PND 0 to PND 60, both PNNs and PVs were significantly reduced. After enzymatic digestion of PNNs with chondroitinase in adult animals, the behavioral pattern of control animals mimicked that of DISC1 mutation animals, exhibiting reduced sociability, novelty and increased ultrasonic vocalizations, while there was very little change in other behaviors, such as working memory (Y-maze task involving medial temporal lobe) or depression-like behavior (tail-suspension test involving processing via the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis). Moreover, following chondroitinase treatment, electrophysiological recordings from the PFC exhibited a reduced proportion of spontaneous, high-frequency firing neurons, and an increased proportion of irregularly firing neurons, with increased spike count and reduced inter-spike intervals in control animals. These results support the proposition that the aberrant development of PNNs and PVs affects normal neural operations in the PFC and contributes to the emergence of some of the behavioral phenotypes observed in the DISC1 mutation model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Sultana
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.B.B.); (A.S.); (O.M.O.)
| | | | | | | | - Charles Chulsoo Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.B.B.); (A.S.); (O.M.O.)
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25
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Ohi K, Nemoto K, Kataoka Y, Sugiyama S, Muto Y, Shioiri T, Kawasaki Y. Alterations in hippocampal subfield volumes among schizophrenia patients, their first-degree relatives and healthy subjects. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110291. [PMID: 33662534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduced hippocampal volumes feature prominently in schizophrenia patients (SCZ). Although several studies have investigated hippocampal volume alterations between unaffected first-degree relatives (FR) of SCZ and healthy controls (HC), the results were inconsistent. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether FR have specific alterations in hippocampal subfield volumes. Three-Tesla T1-weighted MP-RAGE brain scans were collected from 347 subjects (138 SCZ, 47 FR and 162 HC) and processed using the hippocampal subfields algorithm in FreeSurfer v6.0. We investigated volumetric differences in the twelve hippocampal subfields bilaterally among SCZ, FR and HC. SCZ displayed bilateral reductions in whole hippocampal volume compared with FR and HC. The hippocampal volumes of FR did not differ from those of HC but exceeded those observed in SCZ. We found volumetric differences in specific hippocampal subfields, including the CA1, hippocampal fissure, presubiculum, molecular layer, fimbria and hippocampal-amygdala transitional area, among diagnostic groups. These alterations arose from differences in the hippocampal subfield volumes between SCZ and the other two diagnostic groups. However, right hippocampal fissure volumes linearly increased among the groups. In contrast, no significant volumetric differences were found in other hippocampal subfields between HC and FR. There were no significant intergroup differences in laterality in any hippocampal subfield volumes and no significant correlations between hippocampal subfield volumes and illness duration, psychiatric symptoms, antipsychotics or premorbid IQ in SCZ. Our findings suggest that volumetric alterations in hippocampal subfields (except the hippocampal fissure) in SCZ could be stable phenomena that are present at illness onset and minimally affected by antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kataoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Muto
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiki Shioiri
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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26
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Maini K, Gould H, Hicks J, Iqbal F, Patterson J, Edinoff AN, Cornett EM, Kaye AM, Viswanath O, Urits I, Kaye AD. Aripiprazole Lauroxil, a Novel Injectable Long-Acting Antipsychotic Treatment for Adults with Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review. Neurol Int 2021; 13:279-296. [PMID: 34287335 PMCID: PMC8293312 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint13030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This is a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of Aripiprazole lauroxil for schizophrenia. This review presents the background, evidence, and indications for using aripiprazole lauroxil to treat schizophrenia in the context of current theories on the development of schizophrenia. RECENT FINDINGS Schizophrenia is a chronic mental health disorder that currently affects approximately 3.3 million people in the United States. Its symptoms, which must be present for more than six months, are comprised of disorganized behavior and speech, a diminished capacity to comprehend reality, hearing voices unheard by others, seeing things unseen by others, delusions, decreased social commitment, and decreased motivation. The majority of these symptoms can be managed with antipsychotic medication. Aripiprazole lauroxil is a long-acting intramuscular injection that works as a combination of partial agonist activity at D2 and 5-HT1A receptors combined with antagonist activity at 5-HT2A receptors. It can be dosed as a 4-, 6-, or 8-week injection, depending on oral dosage. Aripiprazole lauroxil was FDA approved in October of 2015. SUMMARY Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder if left untreated. There are multiple medications to help treat schizophrenia. One antipsychotic agent, aripiprazole lauroxil, offers long duration injections that optimize and improve compliance. Known side effects include weight gain, akathisia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, and orthostatic hypotension. Aripiprazole lauroxil is an FDA-approved drug that can be administered monthly, every six weeks, or every two months and has been shown to be both safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Maini
- Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (K.M.); (J.P.II)
| | - Haley Gould
- Shreveport School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (H.G.); (J.H.); (F.I.)
| | - Jessica Hicks
- Shreveport School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (H.G.); (J.H.); (F.I.)
| | - Fatima Iqbal
- Shreveport School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (H.G.); (J.H.); (F.I.)
| | - James Patterson
- Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (K.M.); (J.P.II)
| | - Amber N. Edinoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (K.M.); (J.P.II)
| | - Elyse M. Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (E.M.C.); (I.U.); (A.D.K.)
| | - Adam M. Kaye
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA;
| | - Omar Viswanath
- College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
- Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68124, USA
- Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants—Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (E.M.C.); (I.U.); (A.D.K.)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alan D. Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (E.M.C.); (I.U.); (A.D.K.)
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27
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Zhu Y, Wang S, Gong X, Edmiston EK, Zhong S, Li C, Zhao P, Wei S, Jiang X, Qin Y, Kang J, Wang Y, Sun Q, Gong G, Wang F, Tang Y. Associations between hemispheric asymmetry and schizophrenia-related risk genes in people with schizophrenia and people at a genetic high risk of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2021; 219:392-400. [PMID: 35048853 PMCID: PMC8529637 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2021.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is considered a polygenic disorder. People with schizophrenia and those with genetic high risk of schizophrenia (GHR) have presented with similar neurodevelopmental deficits in hemispheric asymmetry. The potential associations between neurodevelopmental abnormalities and schizophrenia-related risk genes in both schizophrenia and those with GHR remains unclear. AIMS To investigate the shared and specific alternations to the structural network in people with schizophrenia and those with GHR. And to identify an association between vulnerable structural network alternation and schizophrenia-related risk genes. METHOD A total of 97 participants with schizophrenia, 79 participants with GHR and 192 healthy controls, underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans at a single site. We used graph theory to characterise hemispheric and whole-brain structural network topological metrics. For 26 people in the schizophrenia group and 48 in the GHR group with DTI scans we also calculated their schizophrenia-related polygenic risk scores (SZ-PRSs). The correlations between alterations to the structural network and SZ-PRSs were calculated. Based on the identified genetic-neural association, bioinformatics enrichment was explored. RESULTS There were significant hemispheric asymmetric deficits of nodal efficiency, global and local efficiency in the schizophrenia and GHR groups. Hemispheric asymmetric deficit of local efficiency was significantly positively correlated with SZ-PRSs in the schizophrenia and GHR groups. Bioinformatics enrichment analysis showed that these risk genes may be linked to signal transduction, neural development and neuron structure. The schizophrenia group showed a significant decrease in the whole-brain structural network. CONCLUSIONS The shared asymmetric deficits in people with schizophrenia and those with GHR, and the association between anomalous asymmetry and SZ-PRSs suggested a vulnerability imaging marker regulated by schizophrenia-related risk genes. Our findings provide new insights into asymmetry regulated by risk genes and provides a better understanding of the genetic-neural pathological underpinnings of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China; and Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China; and Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, PR China
| | | | - Suyu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China; and Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China; and Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China; and Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China; and Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China
| | - Yue Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Jujiao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Qikun Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China
| | - Gaolang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China; and Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, USA
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China; and Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, PR China,Correspondence: Yanqing Tang.
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Rosewater JB, Zaydlin M, McLeod-Bryant SA. Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum in a Patient With Schizophrenia. Cureus 2021; 13:e16058. [PMID: 34345546 PMCID: PMC8323475 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to report the case of a 25-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia who presented involuntarily to the psychiatric emergency department (ED) due to worsening agitation, paranoia, and disorganized behavior concerning a psychotic episode. During medical clearance to rule out acute organic causes of altered mental status prior to admission, the patient was found to have agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) on CT of the brain. ACC is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of the commissural pathway that connects the two cerebral hemispheres. This case presents a thought-provoking incidental anatomical finding in a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic schizophrenia and allows for further discussion about the prevalence of undiagnosed malformations and possible underlying genetic contributions in patients with chronic mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Rosewater
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, USA
| | - Michelle Zaydlin
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, USA
| | - Stephen A McLeod-Bryant
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, USA
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29
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MacDowell KS, Munarriz-Cuezva E, Meana JJ, Leza JC, Ortega JE. Paliperidone Reversion of Maternal Immune Activation-Induced Changes on Brain Serotonin and Kynurenine Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682602. [PMID: 34054556 PMCID: PMC8156415 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that early-life exposure to environmental factors may increase the risk for schizophrenia via inflammatory mechanisms. Inflammation can alter the metabolism of tryptophan through the oxidative kynurenine pathway to compounds with neurotoxic and neuroprotective activity and compromise serotonin (5-HT) synthesis. Here we investigate the role of serotonergic and kynurenine pathways in the maternal immune activation (MIA) animal model of schizophrenia. The potential reversion exerted by long-term antipsychotic treatment was also evaluated. MIA was induced by prenatal administration of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) in mice. Expression of different proteins and the content of different metabolites involved in the function of serotonergic and kynurenine pathways was assessed by RT-PCR, immunoblot and ELISA analyses in frontal cortex of the offspring after puberty. MIA decreased tissue 5-HT content and promoted changes in the expression of serotonin transporter, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) was increased by poly (I:C) whereas kynurenine aminotransferase II and its metabolite kynurenic acid were not altered. Long-term paliperidone was able to counteract MIA-induced changes in 5-HT and KMO, and to increase tryptophan availability and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 expression in poly (I:C) mice but not in controls. MIA-induced increase of the cytotoxic risk ratio of kynurenine metabolites (quinolinic/kynurenic acid) was also reversed by paliperidone. MIA induces specific long-term brain effects on serotonergic activity. Such effects seem to be related with alternative activation of the kynurenine metabolic pathway towards a cytotoxic status. Atypical antipsychotic paliperodine partially remediates abnormalities observed after MIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina S MacDowell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Bizkaia, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Munarriz-Cuezva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Bizkaia, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - J Javier Meana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Bizkaia, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Bizkaia, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge E Ortega
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Bizkaia, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
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30
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Wang MQ, Wang RR, Hao Y, Xiong WF, Han L, Qiao DD, He J. Clinical characteristics and sociodemographic features of psychotic major depression. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2021; 20:24. [PMID: 33771161 PMCID: PMC8004453 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-021-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic major depression (PMD) is a subtype of depression with a poor prognosis. Previous studies have failed to find many differences between patients with PMD and those with non-psychotic major depression (NMD) or schizophrenia (SZ). We compared sociodemographic factors (including season of conception) and clinical characteristics between patients with PMD, NMD, and schizophrenia. Our aim was to provide data to help inform clinical diagnoses and future etiology research. METHODS This study used data of all patients admitted to Shandong Mental Health Center from June 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. We analyzed cases who had experienced an episode of PMD (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes F32.3, F33.3), NMD (F32.0-2/9, F33.0-2/9), and SZ (F20-20.9). Data on sex, main discharge diagnosis, date of birth, ethnicity, family history of psychiatric diseases, marital status, age at first onset, education, allergy history, and presence of trigger events were collected. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using logistic regression analyses. Missing values were filled using the k-nearest neighbor method. RESULTS PMD patients were more likely to have a family history of psychiatric diseases in their first-, second-, and third-degree relatives ([OR] 1.701, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.019-2.804) and to have obtained a higher level of education (OR 1.451, 95% CI 1.168-1.808) compared with depression patients without psychotic features. Compared to PMD patients, schizophrenia patients had lower education (OR 0.604, 95% CI 0.492-0.741), were more often divorced (OR 3.087, 95% CI 1.168-10.096), had a younger age of onset (OR 0.934, 95% CI 0.914-0.954), less likely to have a history of allergies (OR 0.604, 95% CI 0.492-0.741), and less likely to have experienced a trigger event 1 year before first onset (OR 0.420, 95% CI 0.267-0.661). Season of conception, ethnicity, and sex did not differ significantly between PMD and NMD or schizophrenia and PMD. CONCLUSIONS PMD patients have more similarities with NMD patients than SZ patients in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. The differences found between PMD and SZ, and PMD and NMD correlated with specificity of the diseases. Furthermore, allergy history should be considered in future epidemiological studies of psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No 11, Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ran-Ran Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No 11, Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Hao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No 11, Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei-Feng Xiong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No 11, Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ling Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No 11, Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dong-Dong Qiao
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Hospital, No 49, Wenhua East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Juan He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No 11, Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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31
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Percelay S, Billard JM, Freret T, Andrieux A, Boulouard M, Bouet V. Functional Dysregulations in CA1 Hippocampal Networks of a 3-Hit Mouse Model of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2644. [PMID: 33807989 PMCID: PMC7961987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For a better translation from treatment designs of schizophrenia to clinical efficiency, there is a crucial need to refine preclinical animal models. In order to consider the multifactorial nature of the disorder, a new mouse model associating three factors (genetic susceptibility-partial deletion of the MAP6 gene, early-life stress-maternal separation, and pharmacological treatment-chronic Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol during adolescence) has recently been described. While this model depicts a schizophrenia-like phenotype, the neurobiological correlates remain unknown. Synaptic transmission and functional plasticity of the CA1 hippocampal region of male and female 3-hit mice were therefore investigated using electrophysiological recordings on the hippocampus slice. While basal excitatory transmission remained unaffected, NMDA receptor (NMDAr)-mediated long-term potentiation (LTP) triggered by theta-burst (TBS) but not by high-frequency (HFS) stimulation was impaired in 3-hit mice. Isolated NMDAr activation was not affected or even increased in female 3-hit mice, revealing a sexual dimorphism. Considering that the regulation of LTP is more prone to inhibitory tone if triggered by TBS than by HFS, the weaker potentiation in 3-hit mice suggests a deficiency of intrinsic GABA regulatory mechanisms. Indeed, NMDAr activation was increased by GABAA receptor blockade in wild-type but not in 3-hit mice. This electrophysiological study highlights dysregulations of functional properties and plasticity in hippocampal networks of 3-hit mice, one of the mechanisms suspected to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It also shows differences between males and females, supporting the sexual dimorphism observed in the disorder. Combined with the previously reported study, the present data reinforce the face validity of the 3-hit model that will help to consider new therapeutic strategies for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenn Percelay
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Jean-Marie Billard
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Thomas Freret
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Inserm U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Michel Boulouard
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentine Bouet
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
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32
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Volkmann P, Stephan M, Krackow S, Jensen N, Rossner MJ. PsyCoP - A Platform for Systematic Semi-Automated Behavioral and Cognitive Profiling Reveals Gene and Environment Dependent Impairments of Tcf4 Transgenic Mice Subjected to Social Defeat. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:618180. [PMID: 33519394 PMCID: PMC7841301 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.618180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, hundreds of risk genes associated with psychiatric disorders have been identified. These are thought to interact with environmental stress factors in precipitating pathological behaviors. However, the individual phenotypes resulting from specific genotype by environment (G×E) interactions remain to be determined. Toward a more systematic approach, we developed a novel standardized and partially automatized platform for systematic behavioral and cognitive profiling (PsyCoP). Here, we assessed the behavioral and cognitive disturbances in Tcf4 transgenic mice (Tcf4tg) exposed to psychosocial stress by social defeat during adolescence using a "two-hit" G×E mouse model. Notably, TCF4 has been repeatedly identified as a candidate risk gene for different psychiatric diseases and Tcf4tg mice display behavioral endophenotypes such as fear memory impairment and hyperactivity. We use the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) concept as framework to categorize phenotyping results in a translational approach. We propose two methods of dimension reduction, clustering, and visualization of behavioral phenotypes to retain statistical power and clarity of the overview. Taken together, our results reveal that sensorimotor gating is disturbed by Tcf4 overexpression whereas both negative and positive valence systems are primarily influenced by psychosocial stress. Moreover, we confirm previous reports showing that deficits in the cognitive domain are largely dependent on the interaction between Tcf4 and psychosocial stress. We recommend that the standardized analysis and visualization strategies described here should be applied to other two-hit mouse models of psychiatric diseases and anticipate that this will help directing future preclinical treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Volkmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marius Stephan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Krackow
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niels Jensen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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33
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Bernstein HG, Keilhoff G, Steiner J. The implications of hypothalamic abnormalities for schizophrenia. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 182:107-120. [PMID: 34266587 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819973-2.00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Until a few years ago, the hypothalamus was believed to play only a marginal role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. However, recent findings show that this rather small brain region involved in many pathways found disrupted-in schizophrenia. Gross anatomic abnormalities (volume changes of the third ventricle, the hypothalamus, and its individual nuclei) as well as alterations at the cellular level (circumscribed loss of neurons) can be observed. Further, increased or decreased expression of hypothalamic peptides such as oxytocin, vasopressin, several factors involved in the regulation of appetite and satiety, endogenous opiates, products of schizophrenia susceptibility genes as well as of enzymes involved in neurotransmitter and neuropeptide metabolism have been reported in schizophrenia and/or animal models of the disease. Remarkably, although profound disturbances of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, and the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis are typical signs of schizophrenia, there is currently no evidence for alterations in the expression of hypothalamic-releasing and inhibiting factors that control these hormonal axes. Finally, the implications of hypothalamus for disease-related disturbances of the sleep-wakefulness cycle and neuroimmune dysfunctions in schizophrenia are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Gerburg Keilhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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34
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Wang X, Yin Z, Sun Q, Jiang X, Chao L, Dai X, Tang Y. Comparative Study on the Functional Connectivity of Amygdala and Hippocampal Neural Circuits in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia and Other High-Risk Populations. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:627198. [PMID: 34539456 PMCID: PMC8442955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.627198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cortical-limbic system neural circuit abnormalities are closely related to the onset of schizophrenia (SZ). The amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate, and prefrontal lobe are important components of the loop. In this study, we compared resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) between the amygdala/hippocampus and cingulate/prefrontal regions among patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FE-SZ), high risk populations with SZ (HR-SZ), and healthy controls (HCs). By discovering the abnormal pattern of the cortical-limbic system of SZ and HR-SZ, we attempted to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism of SZ. Method: This study collected seventy-five FE-SZ patients, 59 HR-SZ, and 64 HCs. Analysis of variance and chi-square tests were used to analyze their demographic data. Analysis of covariance and post-hoc analysis were performed on the functional connectivity of the three groups. Finally, correlation analysis between the significant brain functional connectivity value and the scale score was performed. Results: The results of the analysis of covariance showed that there were significant differences in rs-FC between the amygdala and the right middle cingulate and between the hippocampus and the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus among the three groups (Gaussian random field (GRF)-corrected voxel p < 0.001, cluster p < 0.05). Post hoc comparisons showed that the rs-FC of the amygdala-right middle cingulate and the hippocampus-bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus in patients with SZ was significantly lower than that of HR-SZ and HC (Bonferroni corrected p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the HR-SZ and HC groups. The results of the correlation analysis showed that rs-FC of the hippocampus-medial frontal gyrus in patients with SZ was positively correlated with core depression factor scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale (P = 0.006, R = 0.357). Conclusion: There were different patterns of functional connectivity impairment in the amygdala and hippocampal neural circuits in the schizophrenic cortical-limbic system, and these patterns may be more useful than genetics as state-related imaging changes of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyang Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qikun Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Chao
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Dai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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35
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Ebisch SJH. The Self and Its Nature: A Psychopathological Perspective on the Risk-Reducing Effects of Environmental Green Space for Psychosis. Front Psychol 2020; 11:531840. [PMID: 33262717 PMCID: PMC7686509 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.531840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that environmental green space contributes to the reduction of psychosis incidence in the population. Clarifying the psychological and neuro-functional mechanisms underlying the risk-decreasing effects of green surroundings could help optimize preventive environmental interventions. This perspective article specifically aims to open a new window on the link between environmental green space and psychosis by considering its core psychopathological features. Psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, are essentially characterized by self-disturbances. The psychological structure of the self has been described as a multidimensional phenomenon that emerges from the reciprocal interaction with the environment through intrinsic and extrinsic self-processes. The intrinsic self refers to the experience of mental activity and environmental information as inherently related to one’s own person, which involves self-referential processing, self-reflection, memory, interoception, and emotional evaluation. The extrinsic self refers to sensorimotor interactions with the environment and the sense of agency, that is, the experience of being the source of one’s own actions and the multisensory consequences thereof. In psychosis, anomalous self-processing has been related to a functional fragmentation of intrinsic and extrinsic self-processes and related brain networks. Moreover, evidence from cognitive neuroscience suggests that green space could have beneficial effects on self-related processing. Based on the literature, it could be hypothesized that self-processing is involved in mediating the beneficial effects of green space for psychosis. Considering the multidimensionality of the self, it is proposed that urban green space design aimed at improving mental health ideally impacts the complexity of self-facets and thus restores the individual’s self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J H Ebisch
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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36
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Ohi K, Nishizawa D, Muto Y, Sugiyama S, Hasegawa J, Soda M, Kitaichi K, Hashimoto R, Shioiri T, Ikeda K. Polygenic risk scores for late smoking initiation associated with the risk of schizophrenia. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2020; 6:36. [PMID: 33230172 PMCID: PMC7684279 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-020-00126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia display characteristic smoking-related behaviors and genetic correlations between smoking behaviors and schizophrenia have been identified in European individuals. However, the genetic etiology of the association remains to be clarified. The present study investigated transethnic genetic overlaps between European-based smoking behaviors and the risk of Japanese schizophrenia by conducting polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses. Large-scale European genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets (n = 24,114-74,035) related to four smoking-related intermediate phenotypes [(i) smoking initiation, (ii) age at smoking initiation, (iii) smoking quantity, and (iv) smoking cessation] were utilized as discovery samples. PRSs derived from these discovery GWASs were calculated for 332 Japanese subjects [schizophrenia patients, their unaffected first-degree relatives (FRs), and healthy controls (HCs)] as a target sample. Based on GWASs of European smoking phenotypes, we investigated the effects of PRSs on smoking phenotypes and the risk of schizophrenia in the Japanese population. Of the four smoking-related behaviors, the PRSs for age at smoking initiation in Europeans significantly predicted the age at smoking initiation (R2 = 0.049, p = 0.026) and the PRSs for smoking cessation significantly predicted the smoking cessation (R2 = 0.092, p = 0.027) in Japanese ever-smokers. Furthermore, the PRSs related to age at smoking initiation in Europeans were higher in Japanese schizophrenia patients than in the HCs and those of the FRs were intermediate between those of patients with schizophrenia and those of the HCs (R2 = 0.015, p = 0.015). In our target subjects, patients with schizophrenia had a higher mean age at smoking initiation (p = 0.018) and rate of daily smoking initiation after age 20 years (p = 0.023) compared with the HCs. A total of 60.6% of the patients started to smoke before the onset of schizophrenia. These findings suggest that genetic factors affecting late smoking initiation are associated with the risk of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan. .,Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Nishizawa
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Muto
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junko Hasegawa
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Soda
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kiyoyuki Kitaichi
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Shioiri
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Li W. Association of APOE E2 and low-density lipoprotein with depressive symptoms in Chinese senile schizophrenia inpatients: A cross-sectional study. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2020; 23:100193. [PMID: 33294393 PMCID: PMC7689319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2020.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is considered to occur due to both environmental and genetic factors. Depressive symptoms and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, the effect of APOE gene polymorphism on depressive symptoms has never been investigated among Chinese elderly schizophrenia patients. Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the effect of APOE gene polymorphism on blood lipid metabolism and depressive symptoms among elderly schizophrenia patients. Method A total of 301 elderly schizophrenia patients (161 males, age ranges from 60 to 92 years, with an average age of 67.31 ± 6.667) were included in the study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). APOE gene polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Correlations between GDS and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels with APOE genotypes were assessed. Results The concentration of LDL in the APOE E2 group was significantly lower than those in the APOE E3 and APOE E4 groups, and the GDS scores in the APOE E2 and APOE E3 groups were higher than those in the APOE E4 group. Using partial correlation analysis and controlling the duration of disease and hyperlipidemia, we found that GDS scores were significantly correlated with LDL (r = −0.179, p = 0.025). Conclusions The APOE E2 genotype is associated with more depressive symptoms and lower serum LDL in elderly Chinese schizophrenia patients, and there is a negative correlation between depressive symptoms and LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Montagnese M, Knolle F, Haarsma J, Griffin JD, Richards A, Vertes PE, Kiddle B, Fletcher PC, Jones PB, Owen MJ, Fonagy P, Bullmore ET, Dolan RJ, Moutoussis M, Goodyer IM, Murray GK. Reinforcement learning as an intermediate phenotype in psychosis? Deficits sensitive to illness stage but not associated with polygenic risk of schizophrenia in the general population. Schizophr Res 2020; 222:389-396. [PMID: 32389614 PMCID: PMC7594641 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a complex disorder in which the causal relations between risk genes and observed clinical symptoms are not well understood and the explanatory gap is too wide to be clarified without considering an intermediary level. Thus, we aimed to test the hypothesis of a pathway from molecular polygenic influence to clinical presentation occurring via deficits in reinforcement learning. METHODS We administered a reinforcement learning task (Go/NoGo) that measures reinforcement learning and the effect of Pavlovian bias on decision making. We modelled the behavioural data with a hierarchical Bayesian approach (hBayesDM) to decompose task performance into its underlying learning mechanisms. Study 1 included controls (n = 29, F|M = 0.81), At Risk Mental State for psychosis (ARMS, n = 23, F|M = 0.35) and FEP (First-episode psychosis, n = 26, F|M = 0.18). Study 2 included healthy adolescents (n = 735, F|M = 1.06), 390 of whom had their polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (PRSs) calculated. RESULTS Patients with FEP showed significant impairments in overriding Pavlovian conflict, a lower learning rate and a lower sensitivity to both reward and punishment. Less widespread deficits were observed in ARMS. PRSs did not significantly predict performance on the task in the general population, which only partially correlated with measures of psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Reinforcement learning deficits are observed in first episode psychosis and, to some extent, in those at clinical risk for psychosis, and were not predicted by molecular genetic risk for schizophrenia in healthy individuals. The study does not support the role of reinforcement learning as an intermediate phenotype in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franziska Knolle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joost Haarsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juliet D Griffin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Richards
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Petra E Vertes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrix Kiddle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge,United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge,United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge,United Kingdom
| | - Raymond J Dolan
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Moutoussis
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge,United Kingdom
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge,United Kingdom.
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39
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Kataoka Y, Shimada T, Koide Y, Okubo H, Uehara T, Shioiri T, Kawasaki Y, Ohi K. Differences in executive function among patients with schizophrenia, their unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy participants. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:pyaa052. [PMID: 32692837 PMCID: PMC7745249 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) display impaired executive functions compared with healthy controls (HCs). Furthermore, unaffected first-degree relatives (FRs) of patients with SCZ independently perform worse executive functions than do HCs. However, few studies have investigated the differences in executive functions assessed among patients with SCZ, FRs, and HCs, and the findings are inconsistent. METHODS We investigated diagnostic differences in executive functions, namely, (i) numbers of categories achieved (CA), (ii) total errors (TE) and (iii) %perseverative errors of Nelson types (%PEN), using the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) among patients with SCZ (n=116), unaffected FRs (n=62) and HCs (n=146) at a single institute. Correlations between these executive functions and clinical variables were investigated. RESULTS Significant differences existed in all executive functions among diagnostic groups (CA, F2,319=15.5, p=3.71×10-7; TE, F2,319=16.2, p=2.06×10-7; and %PEN, F2,319=21.3, p=2.15×10-9). Patients with SCZ had fewer CA and more TE and %PEN than those of HCs (CA, Cohen's d=-0.70, p=5.49×10-8; TE, d=0.70, p=5.62×10-8; and %PEN, d=0.82, p=2.85×10-10) and FRs (TE, d=0.46, p=3.73×10-3 and %PEN, d=0.38, p=0.017). Of the three executive functions, CA and %PEN of FRs were intermediately impaired between patients with SCZ and HCs (CA, d=-0.41, p=0.011 and %PEN, d=0.41, p=0.012). In contrast, no significant difference in TE existed between FRs and HCs (d=0.22, p=0.18). Although CA and TE were affected by the duration of illness (p<0.017), %PEN was not affected by any clinical variable in patients with SCZ (p>0.017). CONCLUSIONS Executive function, particularly %PEN, could be a useful intermediate phenotype for understanding the genetic mechanisms implicated in SCZ pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Kataoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Shimada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Koide
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshiki Shioiri
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Wei Q, Zhao L, Zou Y, Wang J, Qiu Y, Niu M, Kang Z, Liu X, Tang Y, Li C, Zhang J, Fan X, Huang R, Han Z. The role of altered brain structural connectivity in resilience, vulnerability, and disease expression to schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 101:109917. [PMID: 32169560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a highly heritable disorder associated with brain connectivity changes. Although the mechanism of disease expression and vulnerability of SCZ have been reported by previous studies, the mechanism of resilience to SCZ based on the brain structural connectivity is poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to identify the structural brain connectivity related with the resilience to SCZ, which is defined here as the capacity to avoid or delay the onset of SCZ in unaffected siblings of SCZ probands. METHOD We collected diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data of 49 medication-naive, first-episode SCZ (FE-SCZ) patients, 56 unaffected siblings of SCZ probands (SIB-SCZ), and 90 healthy controls. Then we used graph theoretical approach to calculate the topological properties of the brain structural network, including global, subnetwork, and regional parameters. Finally, we compared the parameters between the three groups, and identified the brain structural network related to the resilience, vulnerability and disease expression to SCZ. RESULTS With respect to resilience, only the SIB-SCZ showed significantly increased connectivity in the subnetworks of the left cuneus-precuneus and left posterior cingulate gyrus-precuneus, and in brain areas of right supramarginal gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus. With respect to vulnerability, both the FE-SCZ and SIB-SCZ had decreased cluster coefficients and local efficiency, and decreased nodal efficiency in the right medial superior frontal gyrus and right medial orbital superior frontal gyrus compared with the healthy controls. With respect to disease expression, only the FE-SCZ group showed decreased or increased global, subnetwork, and nodal connectivity in broader brain regions compared with the healthy controls. CONCLUSION Difference in the topological properties of brain structural connectivity not only reflect the underlying mechanism of vulnerability but also that of resilience to schizophrenia. Alteration in the brain structural connectivity associating with resilience and disease expression may contribute to the onset of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinling Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junjing Wang
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meiqi Niu
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhuang Kang
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanxia Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Neurology, Yiyang Central Hospital,118 Kangfu Road,Yiyang, Hunan Province 413000, China
| | - Changhong Li
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinbei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, One Biotech, Suite 100, 365 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zili Han
- Department of Psychiatry, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Hsu MC, Huang YS, Ouyang WC. Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in schizophrenia: possible mechanisms. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:159. [PMID: 32620164 PMCID: PMC7333328 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a serious long-term psychotic disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms, severe behavioral problems and cognitive function deficits. The cause of this disorder is not completely clear, but is suggested to be multifactorial, involving both inherited and environmental factors. Since human brain regulates all behaviour, studies have focused on identifying changes in neurobiology and biochemistry of brain in schizophrenia. Brain is the most lipid rich organ (approximately 50% of brain dry weight). Total brain lipids is constituted of more than 60% of phospholipids, in which docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is the most abundant (more than 40%) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in brain membrane phospholipids. Results from numerous studies have shown significant decreases of PUFAs, in particular, DHA in peripheral blood (plasma and erythrocyte membranes) as well as brain of schizophrenia patients at different developmental phases of the disorder. PUFA deficiency has been associated to psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. These findings have led to a number of clinical trials examining whether dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could improve the course of illness in patients with schizophrenia. Results are inconsistent. Some report beneficial whereas others show not effective. The discrepancy can be attributed to the heterogeneity of patient population. METHODS In this review, results from recent experimental and clinical studies, which focus on illustrating the role of PUFAs in the development of schizophrenia were examined. The rationale why omega-3 supplementation was beneficial on symptoms (presented by subscales of the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS), and cognitive functions in certain patients but not others was reviewed. The potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects were discussed. RESULTS Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation reduced the conversion rate to psychosis and improved both positive and negative symptoms and global functions in adolescents at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could also improve negative symptoms and global functions in the first-episode patients with schizophrenia, but improve mainly total or general PANSS subscales in chronic patients. Patients with low PUFA (particularly DHA) baseline in blood were more responsive to the omega-3 fatty acid intervention. CONCLUSION Omega-3 supplementation is more effective in reducing psychotic symptom severity in young adults or adolescents in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia who have low omega-3 baseline. Omega-3 supplementation was more effective in patients with low PUFA baseline. It suggests that patients with predefined lipid levels might benefit from lipid treatments, but more controlled clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Hsu
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Huang
- College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Ouyang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.539, Yuzhong Rd., Rende Dist., Tainan City, 71742 Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, No.452, Huanqiu Rd. Luzhu Dist, Kaohsiung, 82144 Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
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Ohi K, Nishizawa D, Shimada T, Kataoka Y, Hasegawa J, Shioiri T, Kawasaki Y, Hashimoto R, Ikeda K. Polygenetic Risk Scores for Major Psychiatric Disorders Among Schizophrenia Patients, Their First-Degree Relatives, and Healthy Participants. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:157-164. [PMID: 31900488 PMCID: PMC7171929 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) overlaps with that of other major psychiatric disorders in samples of European ancestry. The present study investigated transethnic polygenetic features shared between Japanese SCZ or their unaffected first-degree relatives and European patients with major psychiatric disorders by conducting polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses. METHODS To calculate PRSs for 5 psychiatric disorders (SCZ, bipolar disorder [BIP], major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and PRSs differentiating SCZ from BIP, we utilized large-scale European genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets as discovery samples. PRSs derived from these GWASs were calculated for 335 Japanese target participants [SCZ patients, FRs, and healthy controls (HCs)]. We took these PRSs based on GWASs of European psychiatric disorders and investigated their effect on risk in Japanese SCZ patients and unaffected first-degree relatives. RESULTS The PRSs obtained from European SCZ and BIP patients were higher in Japanese SCZ patients than in HCs. Furthermore, PRSs differentiating SCZ patients from European BIP patients were higher in Japanese SCZ patients than in HCs. Interestingly, PRSs related to European autism spectrum disorder were lower in Japanese first-degree relatives than in HCs or SCZ patients. The PRSs of autism spectrum disorder were positively correlated with a young onset age of SCZ. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that polygenic factors related to European SCZ and BIP and the polygenic components differentiating SCZ from BIP can transethnically contribute to SCZ risk in Japanese people. Furthermore, we suggest that reduced levels of an ASD-related genetic factor in unaffected first-degree relatives may help protect against SCZ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishizawa
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Shimada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kataoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Junko Hasegawa
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Shioiri
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Sultana R, Lee CC. Expression of Behavioral Phenotypes in Genetic and Environmental Mouse Models of Schizophrenia. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:29. [PMID: 32184711 PMCID: PMC7058961 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by multifactorial etiology involving complex interactions among genetic and environmental factors. "Multiple-hit" models of the disorder can explain its variable incidence and prevalence in related individuals. Hence, there is a dire need to understand these interactions in the emergence of schizophrenia. To test these factors in the emergence of schizophrenia-like behaviors, we employed a genetic mouse model of the disorder (harboring the DISC1 mutation) along with various environmental insults, such as early life stress (maternal separation of pups) and/or pharmacological interventions (ketamine injections). When assessed on a battery of behavioral tests, we found that environmental interventions affect the severity of behavioral phenotypes in terms of increased negative behavior, as shown by reduced mobility in the forced swim and tail suspension tests, and changes to positive and cognitive symptoms, such as increased locomotion and disrupted PPI along with reduced working memory, respectively. Among the various interventions, the genetic mutation had the most profound effect on behavioral aberrations, followed by an environmental intervention by ketamine injections and ketamine-injected animals that were maternally separated during early postnatal days. We conclude that although environmental factors increased the prevalence of aberrant behavioral phenotypes, genetic background is still the predominant influence on phenotypic alterations in these mouse models of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Sultana
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Santarelli DM, Carroll AP, Cairns HM, Tooney PA, Cairns MJ. Schizophrenia-associated MicroRNA-Gene Interactions in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 17:623-634. [PMID: 32006661 PMCID: PMC7212302 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia-associated anomalies in gene expression in postmortem brain can be attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Given the small effect size of common variants, it is likely that we may only see the combined impact of some of these at the pathway level in small postmortem studies. At the gene level, however, there may be more impact from common environmental exposures mediated by influential epigenomic modifiers, such as microRNA (miRNA). We hypothesise that dysregulation of miRNAs and their alteration of gene expression have significant implications in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we integrate changes in cortical gene and miRNA expression to identify regulatory interactions and networks associated with the disorder. Gene expression analysis in post-mortem prefrontal dorsolateral cortex (BA 46) (n = 74 matched pairs of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and control samples) was integrated with miRNA expression in the same cohort to identify gene-miRNA regulatory networks. A significant gene-miRNA interaction network was identified, including miR-92a, miR-495, and miR-134, which converged with differentially expressed genes in pathways involved in neurodevelopment and oligodendrocyte function. The capacity for miRNA to directly regulate gene expression through respective binding sites in BCL11A, PLP1, and SYT11 was also confirmed to support the biological relevance of this integrated network model. The observations in this study support the hypothesis that miRNA dysregulation is an important factor in the complex pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Santarelli
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Adam P Carroll
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Heath M Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia.
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Latusz J, Maćkowiak M. Early-life blockade of NMDA receptors induces epigenetic abnormalities in the adult medial prefrontal cortex: possible involvement in memory impairment in trace fear conditioning. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:231-248. [PMID: 31654083 PMCID: PMC6952333 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Several findings indicate that early-life dysfunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors might cause schizophrenia-like abnormalities in adulthood that might be induced by impairments in epigenetic regulation. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we investigated whether postnatal blockade of NMDA receptors (within the first 3 weeks of life) by the competitive antagonist CGP 37849 (CGP) might affect some epigenetic markers in the adult medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). METHODS Histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10 (H3S10ph), histone H3 acetylation at lysine 9 or 14 (H3K9ac or H3K14ac, respectively), or expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 2, HDAC5, myocyte enhancer factor (MEF) 2D and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) were analysed. Moreover, we also evaluated whether the deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate (SB; 1.2 mg/kg, ip) could prevent behavioural and neurochemical changes in the mPFC induced by CGP during memory retrieval in the trace fear conditioning paradigm. RESULTS The results showed that CGP administration increased the number of H3S10ph nuclei but did not affect H3K9ac and H3K14ac or HDAC2 protein levels. However, CGP administration altered the HDAC5 mRNA and protein levels and increased the mRNA and protein levels of MEF2D. CGP also increased Arc mRNA, which was correlated with an increase in the amount of Arc DNA bound to MEF2D. SB given 2 h after training prevented impairment of the freezing response and disruption of epigenetic markers (H3S10ph, HDAC5, MEF2D) and Arc expression during memory retrieval induced by CGP administration. CONCLUSIONS The early-life blockade of NMDA receptors impairs some epigenetic regulatory processes in the mPFC that are involved in fear memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Latusz
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Smętna Str. 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marzena Maćkowiak
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Smętna Str. 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Abstract
The genetic architecture of schizophrenia is complex and highly polygenic. This article discusses key findings from genetic studies of childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) and the more common adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS), including studies of familial aggregation and common, rare, and copy number variants. Extant literature suggests that COS is a rare variant of AOS involving greater familial aggregation of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a potentially higher occurrence of pathogenic copy number variants. The direct utility of genetics to clinical practice for COS is currently limited; however, identifying common pathways through which risk genes affect brain function offers promise for novel interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Forsyth
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Robert F Asarnow
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 695 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Perez SM, Lodge DJ. Adolescent stress contributes to aberrant dopamine signaling in a heritable rodent model of susceptibility. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109701. [PMID: 31299274 PMCID: PMC6708463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Rodent models of the disorder have been developed that model either genetic or environment factors to recapitulate various aspects of the disease; however, the examination of gene by environment interactions requires a model of susceptibility. We have previously demonstrated that a proportion of the F2 generation of MAM-treated rats display a schizophrenia-like phenotype, defined as an increase in ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neuron population activity. Here we use this model to examine the consequence of adolescent stress (AS), a known risk factor for psychiatric disease, on dopamine neuron activity in the VTA. Specifically, F2 MAM rats were exposed to predator odor, a stressor of high ethological relevance, intermittently over 10 days throughout the adolescent period and VTA dopamine neuron activity was evaluated in adulthood. Both saline and MAM F2 rats exposed to AS displayed significant increases in population activity; however, the proportion of F2 MAM rats exhibiting this increase was significantly greater (approximately 70%) compared to their respective controls. Given that we have previously demonstrated that the augmented dopamine neuron activity in rodent models of psychosis is directly attributable to aberrant activity in the ventral hippocampus (vHipp), we examined whether AS altered activity within the vHipp. Indeed, there was a positive correlation between dopamine neuron activity and hippocampal firing rates, such that those rats that displayed increases in population activity also had increases in the firing rates of vHipp putative pyramidal neurons. Taken together, these data further demonstrate a role for AS as a risk factor for psychosis, particularly in those with a heritable predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Perez
- UT Health San Antonio, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7764, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Daniel J Lodge
- UT Health San Antonio, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7764, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Shokraeian P, Daneshmandpour Y, Jamshidi J, Emamalizadeh B, Darvish H. Genetic analysis of rs11038167, rs11038172 and rs835784 polymorphisms of the TSPAN18 gene in Iranian schizophrenia patients. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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The importance of long non-coding RNAs in neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 70:127-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Gomes FV, Zhu X, Grace AA. Stress during critical periods of development and risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 213:107-113. [PMID: 30711313 PMCID: PMC6667322 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with genetic predisposition, and stress has long been linked to its etiology. While stress affects all stages of the illness, increasing evidence suggests that stress during critical periods of development may be particularly detrimental, increasing individual's vulnerability to psychosis. To thoroughly understand the potential causative role of stress, our group has been focusing on the prenatal methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rodent model, and discovered that MAM offspring display abnormal stress reactivity and heightened anxiety prepubertally, prior to the manifestation of a hyperdopaminergic state. Furthermore, pharmacologically treating anxiety during prepuberty prevented the emergence of the dopamine dysfunction in adulthood. Interestingly, sufficiently strong stressors applied to normal rats selectively during early development can recapitulate multiple schizophrenia-related phenotypes of MAM rats, whereas the same stress paradigm during adulthood only produced short-term depression-related deficits. Altogether, the evidence is thus converging: developmental disruption (genetic or environmental) might render animals more susceptible to the deleterious effects of stress during critical time windows, during which unregulated stress can lead to the emergence of psychosis later in life. As an important region regulating the midbrain dopamine system, the ventral hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to stress, and the distinct maturational profile of its fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons may largely underlie such vulnerability. In this review, by discussing emerging evidence spanning clinical and basic science studies, we propose developmental stress vulnerability as a novel link between early predispositions and environmental triggering events in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This promising line of research can potentially provide not only insights into the etiology, but also a "roadmap" for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony A. Grace
- Corresponding author: Dr. Anthony A. Grace - Department of Neuroscience, A210 Langley Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA. Phone: +1 412 624 4609.
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