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Iskhakova K, Wieland DCF, Marek R, Schwarze UY, Davydok A, Cwieka H, AlBaraghtheh T, Reimers J, Hindenlang B, Sefa S, Lopes Marinho A, Willumeit-Römer R, Zeller-Plumhoff B. Sheep Bone Ultrastructure Analyses Reveal Differences in Bone Maturation around Mg-Based and Ti Implants. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:192. [PMID: 39057313 PMCID: PMC11278010 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15070192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are some of the most convenient biodegradable materials for bone fracture treatment due to their tailorable degradation rate, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties resembling those of bone. Despite the fact that magnesium-based implants and ZX00 (Mg-0.45Zn-0.45Ca in wt.%), in particular, have been shown to have suitable degradation rates and good osseointegration, knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the impact of their degradation properties on the bone's ultrastructure. Bone is a hierarchically structured material, where not only the microstructure but also the ultrastructure are important as properties like the local mechanical response are determined by it. This study presents the first comparative analysis of bone ultrastructure parameters with high spatial resolution around ZX00 and Ti implants after 6, 12, and 24 weeks of healing. The mineralization was investigated, revealing a significant decrease in the lattice spacing of the (002) Bragg's peak closer to the ZX00 implant in comparison to Ti, while no significant difference in the crystallite size was observed. The hydroxyapatite platelet thickness and osteon density demonstrated a decrease closer to the ZX00 implant interface. Correlative indentation and strain maps obtained by scanning X-ray diffraction measurements revealed a higher stiffness and faster mechanical adaptation of the bone surrounding Ti implants as compared to the ZX00 ones. Thus, the results suggest the incorporation of Mg2+ ions into the bone ultrastructure, as well as a lower degree of remodeling and stiffness of the bone in the presence of ZX00 implants than Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Iskhakova
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - D. C. Florian Wieland
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Romy Marek
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria; (R.M.); (U.Y.S.)
| | - Uwe Y. Schwarze
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria; (R.M.); (U.Y.S.)
- Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anton Davydok
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany;
| | - Hanna Cwieka
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Tamadur AlBaraghtheh
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Jan Reimers
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Birte Hindenlang
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Sandra Sefa
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - André Lopes Marinho
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Berit Zeller-Plumhoff
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
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Ravazzano L, Colaianni G, Tarakanova A, Xiao YB, Grano M, Libonati F. Multiscale and multidisciplinary analysis of aging processes in bone. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:28. [PMID: 38879533 PMCID: PMC11180112 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
The world population is increasingly aging, deeply affecting our society by challenging our healthcare systems and presenting an economic burden, thus turning the spotlight on aging-related diseases: exempli gratia, osteoporosis, a silent disease until you suddenly break a bone. The increase in bone fracture risk with age is generally associated with a loss of bone mass and an alteration in the skeletal architecture. However, such changes cannot fully explain increased fragility with age. To successfully tackle age-related bone diseases, it is paramount to comprehensively understand the fundamental mechanisms responsible for tissue degeneration. Aging mechanisms persist at multiple length scales within the complex hierarchical bone structure, raising the need for a multiscale and multidisciplinary approach to resolve them. This paper aims to provide an overarching analysis of aging processes in bone and to review the most prominent outcomes of bone aging. A systematic description of different length scales, highlighting the corresponding techniques adopted at each scale and motivating the need for combining diverse techniques, is provided to get a comprehensive description of the multi-physics phenomena involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ravazzano
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Anna Tarakanova
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, 06269, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, CT, 06269, Storrs, USA
| | - Yu-Bai Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, 06269, CT, USA
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Flavia Libonati
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy.
- Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transport Engineering - DIME, University of Genova, Via all'Opera Pia 15, Genova, 16145, Italy.
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Danilchenko S, Kalinkevich A, Zhovner M, Li H, Kochenko A, Danylchenko P, Wang J. X-ray diffraction studies of a partially demineralized oriented cortical bone with the controlled depth of analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17809. [PMID: 37424593 PMCID: PMC10328983 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro demineralization of bone tissue is used for simulating the osteoporosis related bone loss. This way would be helpful in observations of bone apatite dissolution in microstructural level and may give significant input for understanding crystal-chemistry of bone resorption. In the case of cortical bone, demineralization occurs inhomogeneously, with the formation of a superficial demineralized layer and a transition zone with a gradient of concentration and structural characteristics perpendicular to the reaction advance front. Changes in the microstructural parameters of the bone mineral in this interface zone are of great interest for understanding the resorptive processes in the bone associated with osteoporosis. In this work, the SEM-EDX method was used to estimate the sizes of the demineralized and interface layers in the cortical bone during stepwise demineralization in HCl water solution; the general patterns of changes in the concentrations of Ca, P, and Cl in these layers were established. The calculations of the effective penetration depth of X-rays in diffraction mode for the intact and partially demineralized cortical bone were performed. It is shown that the use of CoKα radiation (instead of the usual CuKα) ensures the depth of probing within the interface zone, which allows to adequately assess the microstructural parameters (crystallite sizes and lattice microdeformations) of altered bioapatite in the zone of its interaction with an acid agent. A nonmonotonic change in the average size of crystallites and microdeformations of the apatite lattice was revealed during acid demineralization of the bone. Using asymmetric XRD geometry, the evidence was obtained that the affected mineral of the transition zone does not contain other crystalline phases except for weakly crystallized apatite. For the first time, the depth-controlled XRD analysis was applied to such a complex (surface-gradient) object as partially demineralized cortical bone. Additionally, we propose a rapid, averaging, and non-destructive method for estimating the depth of the reaction front dividing the demineralized and non-demineralized portions of the bone by XRD. The consistency of XRD and SEM-EDX data on the thickness values of the demineralized layer is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Danilchenko
- Institute of Applied Physics, NASU, 58 Petropavlivska St., 40000, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Aleksei Kalinkevich
- Institute of Applied Physics, NASU, 58 Petropavlivska St., 40000, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Zhovner
- Institute of Applied Physics, NASU, 58 Petropavlivska St., 40000, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - He Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Aleksandr Kochenko
- Institute of Applied Physics, NASU, 58 Petropavlivska St., 40000, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Petro Danylchenko
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, 9, Park Angelinum, 04154, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jufang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Yildirim G, Bergamo ETP, Poudel SB, Ruff RR, Dixit M, Hu B, Mijares DQ, Witek L, Chlebek C, Harrison DE, Strong R, Miller RA, Ladiges W, Bromage TG, Rosen CJ, Yakar S. Long-term effects of canagliflozin treatment on the skeleton of aged UM-HET3 mice. GeroScience 2023; 45:1933-1951. [PMID: 37166526 PMCID: PMC10400751 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) promote urinary glucose excretion and decrease plasma glucose levels independent of insulin. Canagliflozin (CANA) is an SGLT2i, which is widely prescribed, to reduce cardiovascular complications, and as a second-line therapy after metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite the robust metabolic benefits, reductions in bone mineral density (BMD) and cortical fractures were reported for CANA-treated subjects. In collaboration with the National Institute on Aging (NIA)-sponsored Interventions Testing Program (ITP), we tested skeletal integrity of UM-HET3 mice fed control (137 mice) or CANA-containing diet (180 ppm, 156 mice) from 7 to 22 months of age. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) revealed that CANA treatment caused significant thinning of the femur mid-diaphyseal cortex in both male and female mice, did not affect trabecular bone architecture in the distal femur or the lumbar vertebra-5 in male mice, but was associated with thinning of the trabeculae at the distal femur in CANA-treated female mice. In male mice, CANA treatment is associated with significant reductions in cortical bone volumetric BMD by micro-CT, and by quantitative backscattered scanning electron microscopy. Raman microspectroscopy, taken at the femur mid-diaphyseal posterior cortex, showed significant reductions in the mineral/matrix ratio and an increased carbonate/phosphate ratio in CANA-treated male mice. These data were supported by thermogravimetric assay (TGA) showing significantly decreased mineral and increased carbonate content in CANA-treated male mice. Finally, the sintered remains of TGA were subjected to X-ray diffraction and showed significantly higher fraction of whitlockite, a calcium orthophosphate mineral, which has higher resorbability than hydroxyapatite. Overall, long-term CANA treatment compromised bone morphology and mineral composition of bones, which likely contribute to increased fracture risk seen with this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Yildirim
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24Th Street, New York, NY 10010-4086 USA
| | - Edmara T. P. Bergamo
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Biomaterials Division, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086 USA
| | - Sher Bahadur Poudel
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24Th Street, New York, NY 10010-4086 USA
| | - Ryan R. Ruff
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086 USA
| | - Manisha Dixit
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24Th Street, New York, NY 10010-4086 USA
| | - Bin Hu
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24Th Street, New York, NY 10010-4086 USA
| | - Dindo Q. Mijares
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Biomaterials Division, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086 USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Biomaterials Division, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA
| | - Carolyn Chlebek
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, USA
| | | | - Randy Strong
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Warren Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Timothy G. Bromage
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24Th Street, New York, NY 10010-4086 USA
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24Th Street, New York, NY 10010-4086 USA
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Tangsuksant T, Ummartyotin S, Pongprayoon T, Arpornmaeklong P, Apinyauppatham K. Property and biological effects of the cuttlebone derived calcium phosphate particles, a potential bioactive bone substitute material. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1207-1223. [PMID: 36718607 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cuttlebone (CB) is a marine waste-derived biomaterial and a rich source of calcium carbonate for the biosynthesis of the calcium phosphate (CaP) particles. The current study aimed to synthesize CB derived biphasic calcium phosphate (CB-BCP) and investigate biological activity of the CB-CaP: hydroxyapatite (CB-HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (CB-b-TCP) and biphasic 60:40 (w/w) HA/b-TCP (CB-BCP) with the human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The particles were synthesized using solid state reactions under mild condition and properties of the particles were compared with a commercial BCP as a reference material. Morphology, particle size, physicochemical properties, mineral contents, and the ion released patterns of the particles were examined. Then the particle/cell interaction, cell cytotoxicity and osteogenic property of the particles were investigated in the direct and indirect cell culture models. It was found that an average particles size of the CB-HA was 304.73 ± 4.19 nm, CB-b-TCP, 503.17 ± 23.06 nm and CB-BCP, 1394.67 ± 168.19 nm. The physicochemical characteristics of the CB-CaP were consistent with the HA, b-TCP and BCP. The highest level of calcium (Ca) was found in the mineral contents and the preincubated medium of the CB-BCP and traces of fluoride, magnesium, strontium, and zinc were identified in the CB-CaP. The cell cytotoxicity and osteogenic property of the particles were dose dependent. The particles adhered on cell surface and were internalized into the cell cytoplasm. The CB-BCP and CB-HA indirectly and directly promote osteoblastic differentiations of the hDPSCs in stronger levels than other groups. The CB-BCP and CB-HA were potential bioactive bone substitute materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanin Tangsuksant
- Master of Science Program in Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University Rangsit Campus, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Sarute Ummartyotin
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University Rangsit Campus, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Thirawudh Pongprayoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Premjit Arpornmaeklong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University Rangsit Campus, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Komsan Apinyauppatham
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University Rangsit Campus, Khlong Luang, Thailand
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Hong MH, Lee JH, Jung HS, Shin H, Shin H. Biomineralization of bone tissue: calcium phosphate-based inorganics in collagen fibrillar organic matrices. Biomater Res 2022; 26:42. [PMID: 36068587 PMCID: PMC9450317 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone regeneration research is currently ongoing in the scientific community. Materials approved for clinical use, and applied to patients, have been developed and produced. However, rather than directly affecting bone regeneration, these materials support bone induction, which regenerates bone. Therefore, the research community is still researching bone tissue regeneration. In the papers published so far, it is hard to find an improvement in the theory of bone regeneration. This review discusses the relationship between the existing theories on hard tissue growth and regeneration and the biomaterials developed so far for this purpose and future research directions. MAINBODY Highly complex nucleation and crystallization in hard tissue involves the coordinated action of ions and/or molecules that can produce different organic and inorganic composite biomaterials. In addition, the healing of bone defects is also affected by the dynamic conditions of ions and nutrients in the bone regeneration process. Inorganics in the human body, especially calcium- and/or phosphorus-based materials, play an important role in hard tissues. Inorganic crystal growth is important for treating or remodeling the bone matrix. Biomaterials used in bone tissue regeneration require expertise in various fields of the scientific community. Chemical knowledge is indispensable for interpreting the relationship between biological factors and their formation. In addition, sources of energy for the nucleation and crystallization processes of such chemical bonds and minerals that make up the bone tissue must be considered. However, the exact mechanism for this process has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, a convergence of broader scientific fields such as chemistry, materials, and biology is urgently needed to induce a distinct bone tissue regeneration mechanism. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview of calcium- and/or phosphorus-based inorganic properties and processes combined with organics that can be regarded as matrices of these minerals, namely collagen molecules and collagen fibrils. Furthermore, we discuss how this strategy can be applied to future bone tissue regenerative medicine in combination with other academic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Hong
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Energy Science, Nature Inspired Materials Processing Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Mürer FK, Madathiparambil AS, Tekseth KR, Di Michiel M, Cerasi P, Chattopadhyay B, Breiby DW. Orientational mapping of minerals in Pierre shale using X-ray diffraction tensor tomography. IUCRJ 2021; 8:747-756. [PMID: 34584736 PMCID: PMC8420771 DOI: 10.1107/s205225252100587x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shales have a complex mineralogy with structural features spanning several length scales, making them notoriously difficult to fully understand. Conventional attenuation-based X-ray computed tomography (CT) measures density differences, which, owing to the heterogeneity and sub-resolution features in shales, makes reliable interpretation of shale images a challenging task. CT based on X-ray diffraction (XRD-CT), rather than intensity attenuation, is becoming a well established technique for non-destructive 3D imaging, and is especially suited for heterogeneous and hierarchical materials. XRD patterns contain information about the mineral crystal structure, and crucially also crystallite orientation. Here, we report on the use of orientational imaging using XRD-CT to study crystallite-orientation distributions in a sample of Pierre shale. Diffraction-contrast CT data for a shale sample measured with its bedding-plane normal aligned parallel to a single tomographic axis perpendicular to the incoming X-ray beam are discussed, and the spatial density and orientation distribution of clay minerals in the sample are described. Finally, the scattering properties of highly attenuating inclusions in the shale bulk are studied, which are identified to contain pyrite and clinochlore. A path forward is then outlined for systematically improving the structural description of shales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik K. Mürer
- PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Aldritt Scaria Madathiparambil
- PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Kim Robert Tekseth
- PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Marco Di Michiel
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Pierre Cerasi
- Petroleum Department, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim 7465, Norway
| | - Basab Chattopadhyay
- PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Dag W. Breiby
- PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7491, Norway
- Department of Microsystems, University of South-Eastern Norway, Campus Vestfold, Borre 3184, Norway
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Nowicki DA, Skakle JM, Gibson IR. Maximising carbonate content in sodium-carbonate Co-substituted hydroxyapatites prepared by aqueous precipitation reaction. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Viani A, Mácová P, Machová D, Mali G. Technical Note: Post-burial alteration of bones: Quantitative characterization with solid-state 1H MAS NMR. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 323:110783. [PMID: 33878550 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The identification of markers of the modifications occurring in human bones after death and of the sedimentary and post-sedimentary processes affecting their state of preservation, is of interest for several scientific disciplines. A new index, obtained from spectral deconvolution of the 1H MAS NMR spectra of bones, relating the number of organic protons to the amount of hydrogen nuclei in the OH- groups of bioapatite, is proposed as indicator of the state of preservation of the organic fraction. In the osteological material from three different archaeological sites, this index resulted positively correlated with the extent of collagen loss derived from infrared spectroscopy. Its sensitivity to changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of bone allows to identify distinct diagenetic pathways specific to each site and to distinguish different trajectories within the same site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Viani
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Telč, Prosecká 809/76, 190 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Mácová
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Telč, Prosecká 809/76, 190 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Machová
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Telč, Prosecká 809/76, 190 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic
| | - Gregor Mali
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mürer FK, Chattopadhyay B, Madathiparambil AS, Tekseth KR, Di Michiel M, Liebi M, Lilledahl MB, Olstad K, Breiby DW. Quantifying the hydroxyapatite orientation near the ossification front in a piglet femoral condyle using X-ray diffraction tensor tomography. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2144. [PMID: 33495539 PMCID: PMC7835348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While a detailed knowledge of the hierarchical structure and morphology of the extracellular matrix is considered crucial for understanding the physiological and mechanical properties of bone and cartilage, the orientation of collagen fibres and carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA) crystallites remains a debated topic. Conventional microscopy techniques for orientational imaging require destructive sample sectioning, which both precludes further studies of the intact sample and potentially changes the microstructure. In this work, we use X-ray diffraction tensor tomography to image non-destructively in 3D the HA orientation in a medial femoral condyle of a piglet. By exploiting the anisotropic HA diffraction signal, 3D maps showing systematic local variations of the HA crystallite orientation in the growing subchondral bone and in the adjacent mineralized growth cartilage are obtained. Orientation maps of HA crystallites over a large field of view (~ 3 × 3 × 3 mm3) close to the ossification (bone-growth) front are compared with high-resolution X-ray propagation phase-contrast computed tomography images. The HA crystallites are found to predominantly orient with their crystallite c-axis directed towards the ossification front. Distinct patterns of HA preferred orientation are found in the vicinity of cartilage canals protruding from the subchondral bone. The demonstrated ability of retrieving 3D orientation maps of bone-cartilage structures is expected to give a better understanding of the physiological properties of bones, including their propensity for bone-cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik K. Mürer
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Basab Chattopadhyay
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aldritt Scaria Madathiparambil
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kim Robert Tekseth
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marco Di Michiel
- grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Liebi
- grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus B. Lilledahl
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristin Olstad
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Equine Section, Sentrum, P. O. Box 369, 0102 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag W. Breiby
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway ,grid.463530.70000 0004 7417 509XDepartment of Microsystems, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Campus Vestfold, 3184 Borre, Norway
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11
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Bertolotti F, Carmona FJ, Dal Sasso G, Ramírez-Rodríguez GB, Delgado-López JM, Pedersen JS, Ferri F, Masciocchi N, Guagliardi A. On the amorphous layer in bone mineral and biomimetic apatite: A combined small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:167-180. [PMID: 32438109 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of an amorphous calcium phosphate layer covering the crystalline apatite core has been suggested to be an intrinsic feature of both bone mineral and synthetic biomimetic analogs. However, an exahustive quantitative picture of the amorphous-crystalline relationship in these materials is still missing. Here, we present a multiple scale modelling that combines small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and synchrotron wide-angle X-ray total scattering (WAXTS) analyses to investigate the amorphous-crystalline spatial interplay in bone sample and biomimetic carbonated nano-apatites. SAXS analysis indicates the presence of a single morphology consisting of tiny nanoplates (NPLs) and provides a measure of their thickness (falling in the 3-5 nm range). WAXTS analysis was performed by developing atomistic models of apatite NPLs incorporating lattice strain, mostly attributed to the carbonate content, and calculating the X-ray patterns using the Debye Scattering Equation. Upon model optimization, the size and strain parameters of the crystalline platelets were derived and the amorphous component, co-existing with the crystalline one, separated and quantified (in the 23-33 wt% range). Notably, the thickness of the apatite core was found to exhibit nearly null (bone) or minor (< 0.5 nm, biomimetic samples) deviations from that of the entire NPLs, suggesting that the amorphous material remains predominantly distributed along the lateral sides of the NPLs, in a core-crown-like arrangement. The lattice strain analysis indicates a significant stiffness along the c axis, which is comparable in bone and synthetic samples, and larger deformations in the other directions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Current models of bone mineral and biomimetic nanoapatites suggest the occurrence of an amorphous layer covering the apatitic crystalline nanoplates in a core-shell arrangement. By combining X-ray scattering techniques in the small and wide angle regions, we propose a joint atomic-to-nanometre scale modelling to investigate the amorphous-crystalline interplay within the nanoplates. Estimates are extracted for the thickness of the entire nanoplates and the crystalline core, together with the quantification of the amorphous fraction and apatite lattice strain. Based on the thickness matching, the location of the amorphous material mostly along the edges of the nanoplates is inferred, with a vanishing or very thin layer in the thickness direction, suggesting a core-crown-like arrangement, with possible implications on the mineral surface reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bertolotti
- Department of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - Francisco J Carmona
- Department of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - Gregorio Dal Sasso
- Institute of Crystallography and To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - Gloria B Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Department of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy; Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José Manuel Delgado-López
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fabio Ferri
- Department of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Department of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Institute of Crystallography and To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy.
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12
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Abstract
This systematic investigation of bioapatite, the mineral component of human bone, aims to characterize its crystallographic state, including lattice parameters and average crystallite size, and correlate these values with respect to anatomical position (bone function), physicality, and bone chemical composition. In sample sets of buried bone from three different human adult skeletons, anatomical variation of crystallographic parameters and correlation to chemical composition were indeed observed. In general, the observed bioapatite a unit-cell edge-length among all analyzed human bones in this study was larger by 0.1–0.2% compared to that of stoichiometric hydroxylapatite (HAp), and substantially larger than that of fluorapatite (FAp). Across all analyzed samples, the a (=b) lattice parameter (unit cell edge-length) varies more than does the c lattice parameter. Average crystallite size (average coherent diffracting domain size) in the c-direction was equal to approximately 25 nm, ranging among the analyzed 18 bone samples from about 20–32 nm, and varying more than crystallite size in the a,b-direction (~8–10 nm). Neither lattice parameters nor average bioapatite crystallite sizes appeared to be correlated with bone mechanical function. The relative chemical composition of the bone material, however, was shown to correlate with the a (=b) lattice parameter. To our knowledge, this research provides, for the first time, the systematic study of the crystallographic parameters of human bone bioapatite in the context of anatomical position, physical constitution, and bone chemical composition using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
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13
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Crean DE, Stennett MC, Livens FR, Grolimund D, Borca CN, Hyatt NC. Multimodal X-ray microanalysis of a UFeO 4: evidence for the environmental stability of ternary U(v) oxides from depleted uranium munitions testing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1577-1585. [PMID: 32632425 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00243g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An environmentally aged radioactive particle of UFeO4 recovered from soil contaminated with munitions depleted uranium (DU) was characterised by microbeam synchrotron X-ray analysis. Imaging of uranium speciation by spatially resolved X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (μ-XAS) was used to localise UFeO4 in the particle, which was coincident with a distribution of U(v). The U oxidation state was confirmed using X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (μ-XANES) spectroscopy as +4.9 ± 0.15. Le-Bail fitting of the particle powder XRD pattern confirmed the presence of UFeO4 and a minor alteration product identified as chernikovite (H3O)(UO2)(PO4)·3H2O. Refined unit cell parameters for UFeO4 were in good agreement with previously published values. Uranium-oxygen interatomic distances in the first co-ordination sphere were determined by fitting of Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (μ-EXAFS) spectroscopy. The average first shell U-O distance was 2.148 ± 0.012 Å, corresponding to a U valence of +4.96 ± 0.13 using bond valence sum analysis. Using bond distances from the published structure of UFeO4, U and Fe bond valence sums were calculated as +5.00 and +2.83 respectively, supporting the spectroscopic analysis and confirming the presence of a U(v)/Fe(iii) pair. Overall this investigation provides important evidence for the stability of U(v) ternary oxides, in oxic, variably moist surface environment conditions for at least 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Crean
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK.
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14
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Placente D, Ruso JM, Baldini M, Laiuppa JA, Sieben JM, Santillán GE, Messina PV. Self-fluorescent antibiotic MoO x-hydroxyapatite: a nano-theranostic platform for bone infection therapies. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17277-17292. [PMID: 31512695 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01236b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the repair of large-size bone defects represents a huge medical challenge. A line of attack is the construction of advanced biomaterials having multifunctional properties. In this work, we show the creation of biocompatible MoOx-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-HA/MoOx) that simultaneously exhibit self-activated fluorescence and antibiotic skills. Along this text, we demonstrate that the insertion of molybdenum, an essential trace element, into the non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite lattice generates intrinsic electronic point defects that exacerbate its epifluorescence blue emission and provokes new red emissions, preserving, always, its bioactivity. Furthermore, these point defects, acting as electron acceptors, stimulate the materials' biological redox status and promote the death of pathogen microorganisms after their direct contact. A putative mechanism, by which bacteria lose electrons from their metabolic circuit that alter the function of their cytoplasmic membrane and potentially die, agrees with our results. Our findings highlight the importance of tuning the electronic communications between biomaterial interfaces and biological units, and support the use of self-fluorescent MoOx-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as fundamental building blocks for new real-time imaging platforms against bone infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Placente
- INQUISUR - CONICET, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional del Sur, B8000CPB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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15
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Development of SEM and STEM-in-SEM grid holders for EDS analysis and their applications to apatite phases. J Anal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-019-0186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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Londoño-Restrepo SM, Jeronimo-Cruz R, Millán-Malo BM, Rivera-Muñoz EM, Rodriguez-García ME. Effect of the Nano Crystal Size on the X-ray Diffraction Patterns of Biogenic Hydroxyapatite from Human, Bovine, and Porcine Bones. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5915. [PMID: 30976023 PMCID: PMC6459976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the study of the effect of the change of the crystal size on the shape and width of the X-ray diffraction patterns for defatted and deproteinized bones as well as incinerated biogenic hydroxyapatite obtained from bovine, porcine, and human bones. Inductively Couple Plasma showed the presence of some ions such as Mg, K, Al, Fe, Zn, and Na for all samples. The nanometric size of the crystals was determined through High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy in which ordered crystals were found. The calcination of raw clean bones at 720 °C produced a transition of crystal size from nano to micro due to a coalescence phenomenon, this was accompanied by a decrease of the peak width of the X-ray diffraction patterns due to the decrease of the inelastic scattering contribution from the microcrystals. A simulation of the effect of the crystallite size on the shape and width of the X-ray patterns was done using PDF-4 software which confirmed that raw ordered bone crystals produce broad peaks which so far have been erroneously assigned to polycrystalline hydroxyapatite with low crystalline quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Londoño-Restrepo
- Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Jeronimo-Cruz
- Licenciatura en Tecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Beatriz M Millán-Malo
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Eric M Rivera-Muñoz
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Mario E Rodriguez-García
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
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17
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Su FY, Pang S, Ling YTT, Shyu P, Novitskaya E, Seo K, Lambert S, Zarate K, Graeve OA, Jasiuk I, McKittrick J. Deproteinization of Cortical Bone: Effects of Different Treatments. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:554-566. [PMID: 30022228 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a biological composite material having collagen and mineral as its main constituents. In order to better understand the arrangement of the mineral phase in bone, porcine cortical bone was deproteinized using different chemical treatments. This study aims to determine the best method to remove the protein constituent while preserving the mineral component. Chemicals used were H2O2, NaOCl, NaOH, and KOH, and the efficacy of deproteinization treatments was determined by thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The structure of the residual mineral parts was examined using scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction was used to confirm that the mineral component was not altered by the chemical treatments. NaOCl was found to be the most effective method for deproteinization and the mineral phase was self-standing, supporting the hypothesis that bone is an interpenetrating composite. Thermogravimetric analyses and Raman spectroscopy results showed the preservation of mineral crystallinity and presence of residual organic material after all chemical treatments. A defatting step, which has not previously been used in conjunction with deproteinization to isolate the mineral phase, was also used. Finally, Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the inclusion of a defatting procedure resulted in the removal of some but not all residual protein in the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Y Su
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Siyuan Pang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yik Tung Tracy Ling
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Peter Shyu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ekaterina Novitskaya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kyungah Seo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sofia Lambert
- Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior - Campus Mexicali, Calzada CETYS s/n. Col. Rivera, Mexicali, Baja California, C.P. 21259, Mexico
| | - Kimberlin Zarate
- Hilltop High School, 555 Claire Avenue, Chula Vista, CA, 91910, USA
| | - Olivia A Graeve
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Iwona Jasiuk
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Room 2101C MEL, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., EBU II, Room 257, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA.
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18
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Querido W, Ailavajhala R, Padalkar M, Pleshko N. Validated Approaches for Quantification of Bone Mineral Crystallinity Using Transmission Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) FT-IR, and Raman Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 72:1581-1593. [PMID: 29972319 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818789165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone mineral crystallinity is an important factor determining bone quality and strength. The gold standard method to quantify crystallinity is X-ray diffraction (XRD), but vibrational spectroscopic methods present powerful alternatives to evaluate a greater variety of sample types. We describe original approaches by which transmission Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), attenuated total reflection (ATR) FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy can be confidently used to quantify bone mineral crystallinity. We analyzed a range of biological and synthetic apatite nanocrystals (10-25 nm) and found strong correlations between different spectral factors and the XRD determination of crystallinity. We highlight striking differences between FT-IR spectra obtained by transmission and ATR. In particular, we show for the first time the absence of the 1030 cm-1 crystalline apatite peak in ATR FT-IR spectra, which excludes its use for analyzing crystallinity using the traditional 1030/1020 cm-1 ratio. The ν4PO4 splitting ratio was also not adequate to evaluate crystallinity using ATR FT-IR. However, we established original approaches by which ATR FT-IR can be used to determine apatite crystallinity, such as the 1095/1115 and 960/1115 cm-1 peak ratios in the second derivative spectra. Moreover, we found a simple unified approach that can be applied for all three vibrational spectroscopy modalities: evaluation of the ν1PO4 peak position. Our results allow the recommendation of the most reliable analytical methods to estimate bone mineral crystallinity by vibrational spectroscopy, which can be readily implemented in many biomineralization, archeological and orthopedic studies. In particular, we present a step forward in advancing the use of the increasingly utilized ATR FT-IR modality for mineral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Querido
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Mugdha Padalkar
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Carino A, Ludwig C, Cervellino A, Müller E, Testino A. Formation and transformation of calcium phosphate phases under biologically relevant conditions: Experiments and modelling. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:478-488. [PMID: 29778896 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The experimental data on calcium phosphates formation were collected in dilute solution at constant pH (7.40) and temperature (37.0 °C) at different levels of ionic strength (IS). The evolution of the solid phase formation is described in detail using a thermodynamic-kinetic model. The thermodynamic model takes into account all relevant chemical species as well as Posner's clusters; the kinetic model, based on the discretized population balance approach, accounts for the solid formation from solution. The experimental data are consistent with an initial formation of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD, brushite), which dominates the nucleation rate, and its rapid transformation into octacalcium phosphate (OCP) or hydroxyapatite (HA), which dominates the growth rate. Depending on the experimental conditions and, including the influence of the IS level, OCP may be further transformed into apatite. The classical nucleation theory is able to describe the experimental results very well and the solid phase growth is limited by the diffusion of Ca2+ ions. The precipitation pathway described by a complete thermodynamic-kinetic model is expected to contribute to the understating of the in vivo osteogenesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The formation mechanism of calcium phosphates under biomimetic conditions is unraveled. The formation pathway is mathematically described based on a thermodynamic-kinetic model in which (i) the nucleation stages (primary and secondary) are dominated by the formation of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and (ii) the fast growth stage is limited by the diffusion of Ca2+ ions under the driving force of octacalcium phosphate (OCP), or hydroxyapatite (HA), solubility. The obtained solid phase seems correlated to the activity coefficient of phosphate ions, thus to the ionic strength and local phosphate speciation. The model, being able to highlight the details of the precipitation pathway, is expected to contribute to the understanding of the apatitic phase formation in the biomineralization-biodemineralization processes under in-vivo conditions.
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20
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Scimeca M, Bischetti S, Lamsira HK, Bonfiglio R, Bonanno E. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis: A powerful tool in biomedical research and diagnosis. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62:2841. [PMID: 29569878 PMCID: PMC5907194 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis is a technique of elemental analysis associated to electron microscopy based on the generation of characteristic Xrays that reveals the presence of elements present in the specimens. The EDX microanalysis is used in different biomedical fields by many researchers and clinicians. Nevertheless, most of the scientific community is not fully aware of its possible applications. The spectrum of EDX microanalysis contains both semi-qualitative and semi-quantitative information. EDX technique is made useful in the study of drugs, such as in the study of drugs delivery in which the EDX is an important tool to detect nanoparticles (generally, used to improve the therapeutic performance of some chemotherapeutic agents). EDX is also used in the study of environmental pollution and in the characterization of mineral bioaccumulated in the tissues. In conclusion, the EDX can be considered as a useful tool in all works that require element determination, endogenous or exogenous, in the tissue, cell or any other sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scimeca
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Biomedicine and Prevention.
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21
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Pazzaglia UE, Reguzzoni M, Pagani F, Sibilia V, Congiu T, Salvi AG, Benetti A. Study of Endochondral Ossification in Human Fetalcartilage Anlagen of Metacarpals: Comparative Morphology of Mineral Deposition in Cartilage and in the Periosteal Bone Matrix. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:571-580. [PMID: 29266881 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The progression of mineral phase deposition in hypertrophic cartilage and periosteal bone matrix was studied in human metacarpals primary ossification centers before vascular invasion began. This study aimed to provide a morphologic/morphometric comparative analysis of the calcification process in cartilage and periosteal osteoid used as models of endochondral ossification. Thin, sequential sections from the same paraffin inclusions of metacarpal anlagen (gestational age between the 20th and 22nd weeks) were examined with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, either stained or heat-deproteinated. This process enabled the analysis of corresponding fields using the different methods. From the initial CaPO4 nucleation in cartilage matrix, calcification progressed increasing the size of focal, globular, randomly distributed deposits (size range 0.5-5 µm), followed by aggregation into polycyclic clusters and finally forming a dense, compact mass of calcified cartilage. At the same time, the early osteoid calcification was characterized by a fine granular pattern (size range 0.1-0.5 µm), which was soon compacted in the layer of the first periosteal lamella. Scanning electron microscopy of heat-deproteinated sections revealed a rod-like hydroxyapatite crystallite pattern, with only size differences between the early globular deposits of the two calcifying matrices. The morphology of the early calcium deposits was similar in both cartilage and osteoid, with variations in size and density only. However, integration of the reported data with the actual hypotheses of the mechanisms of Ca concentration suggested that ion transport was linked to the progression of the chondrocyte maturation cycle (with recall of H2 O from the matrix) in cartilage, while ions transport was an active process through the cell membrane in osteoid. Other considered factors were the collagen type specificity and the matrix fibrillar texture. Anat Rec, 301:571-580, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo E Pazzaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marcella Reguzzoni
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sibilia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Andrea G Salvi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Benetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Seob Jung
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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23
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Andrés NC, D'Elía NL, Ruso JM, Campelo AE, Massheimer VL, Messina PV. Manipulation of Mg 2+-Ca 2+ Switch on the Development of Bone Mimetic Hydroxyapatite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:15698-15710. [PMID: 28426935 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ionic substitution can affect essential physicochemical properties leading to a specific biological behavior upon implantation. Therefore, it has been proposed as a tool to increase the biological efficiency of calcium phosphate based materials. In the following study, we have evaluated the contribution of an important cation in nature, Mg2+, into the structure of previously studied biocompatible and biodegradable hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods and its subsequent effect on its chemical, morphology, and bone mimetic articulation. Mg2+-substituted HA samples were synthesized by an aqueous wet-chemical precipitation method, followed by an hydrothermal treatment involving a Mg2+ precursor that partially replace Ca2+ ions into HA crystal lattice; Mg2+ concentrations were modulated to obtain a nominal composition similar to that exists in calcified tissues. Hydrothermally synthesized Mg2+-substituted HA nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, FT-NIR and EDX spectroscopies, field emission scanning and high resolution transmission electron microscopies (FE-SEM, H-TEM). Molecular modeling combining ab initio methods and power diffraction data were also performed. Results showed that Mg2+-substitution promoted the formation of calcium deficient HA (cdHA) where Mg2+ replacement is energetically favored at Ca(1) position in a limited and specific amount directing the additional Mg2+ toward the surface of the crystal. The control of Mg2+ incorporation into HA nanorods gave rise to a tailored crystallinity degree, cell parameters, morphology, surface hydration, solubility, and degradation properties in a dose-replacement dependent manner. The obtained materials show qualities that conjugated together to drive an optimal in vitro cellular viability, spreading, and proliferation confirming their biocompatibility. In addition, an improved adhesion of osteoblast was evidenced after Mg2+-Ca2+ substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C Andrés
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional del Sur , B8000CPB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Noelia L D'Elía
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional del Sur , B8000CPB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Juan M Ruso
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Adrián E Campelo
- INBIOSUR-CONICET, DBByF, Universidad Nacional del Sur , B8000ICN, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Virginia L Massheimer
- INBIOSUR-CONICET, DBByF, Universidad Nacional del Sur , B8000ICN, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Paula V Messina
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional del Sur , B8000CPB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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24
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Sakae T, Kono T, Okada H, Nakada H, Ogawa H, Tsukioka T, Kaneda T. X-ray Micro-Diffraction Analysis Revealed the Crystallite Size Variation in the Neighboring Regions of a Small Bone Mass. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Sakae
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Tetsuro Kono
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Hiroshi Nakada
- Department of Removal Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Hidehito Ogawa
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Tsuneyuki Tsukioka
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Takashi Kaneda
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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25
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Age and gender effects on bone mass density variation: finite elements simulation. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2016; 16:521-535. [PMID: 27659482 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-016-0834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a physiological process by which bone constantly adapts its structure to changes in long-term loading manifested by interactions between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This process can be influenced by many local factors, via effects on bone cells differentiation and proliferation, which are produced by bone cells and act in a paracrine or autocrine way. The aim of the current work is to provide mechanobiological finite elements modeling coupling both cellular activities and mechanical behavior in order to investigate age and gender effects on bone remodeling evolution. A series of computational simulations have been performed on a 2D and 3D human proximal femur. An age- and gender-related impacts on bulk density alteration of trabecular bone have been noticed, and the major actors responsible of this phenomenon have been then discussed.
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26
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Solodyankina A, Nikolaev A, Frank-Kamenetskaya O, Golovanova O. Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline apatites from solution modeling human blood. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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27
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Kaspersen JD, Turunen MJ, Mathavan N, Lages S, Pedersen JS, Olsson U, Isaksson H. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Demonstrates Similar Nanostructure in Cortical Bone from Young Adult Animals of Different Species. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:76-87. [PMID: 26914607 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the vast amount of studies focusing on bone nanostructure that have been performed for several decades, doubts regarding the detailed structure of the constituting hydroxyapatite crystal still exist. Different experimental techniques report somewhat different sizes and locations, possibly due to different requirements for the sample preparation. In this study, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering is used to investigate the nanostructure of femur samples from young adult ovine, bovine, porcine, and murine cortical bone, including three different orthogonal directions relative to the long axis of the bone. The radially averaged scattering from all samples reveals a remarkable similarity in the entire q range, which indicates that the nanostructure is essentially the same in all species. Small differences in the data from different directions confirm that the crystals are elongated in the [001] direction and that this direction is parallel to the long axis of the bone. A model consisting of thin plates is successfully employed to describe the scattering and extract the plate thicknesses, which are found to be in the range of 20-40 Å for most samples but 40-60 Å for the cow samples. It is demonstrated that the mineral plates have a large degree of polydispersity in plate thickness. Additionally, and equally importantly, the scattering data and the model are critically evaluated in terms of model uncertainties and overall information content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Juhani Turunen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70 211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Neashan Mathavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulf Olsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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28
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Sartuqui J, Gravina AN, Rial R, Benedini LA, Yahia L, Ruso JM, Messina PV. Biomimetic fiber mesh scaffolds based on gelatin and hydroxyapatite nano-rods: Designing intrinsic skills to attain bone reparation abilities. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:382-391. [PMID: 27220014 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic material skills have a deep effect on the mechanical and biological performance of bone substitutes, as well as on its associated biodegradation properties. In this work we have manipulated the preparation of collagenous derived fiber mesh frameworks to display a specific composition, morphology, open macroporosity, surface roughness and permeability characteristics. Next, the effect of the induced physicochemical attributes on the scaffold's mechanical behavior, bone bonding potential and biodegradability were evaluated. It was found that the scaffold microstructure, their inherent surface roughness, and the compression strength of the gelatin scaffolds can be modulated by the effect of the cross-linking agent and, essentially, by mimicking the nano-scale size of hydroxyapatite in natural bone. A clear effect of bioactive hydroxyapatite nano-rods on the scaffolds skills can be appreciated and it is greater than the effect of the cross-linking agent, offering a huge perspective for the upcoming progress of bone implant technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sartuqui
- Department of Chemistry,Universidad Nacional del Sur, INQUISUR - CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - A Noel Gravina
- Department of Chemistry,Universidad Nacional del Sur, INQUISUR - CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ramón Rial
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela E-15782, Spain
| | - Luciano A Benedini
- Department of Chemistry,Universidad Nacional del Sur, INQUISUR - CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - L'Hocine Yahia
- Laboratory for Innovation and Analysis of Bio-Performance, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 5079, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Juan M Ruso
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela E-15782, Spain
| | - Paula V Messina
- Department of Chemistry,Universidad Nacional del Sur, INQUISUR - CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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29
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Bio-scaffolds produced from irradiated squid pen and crab chitosan with hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate for bone-tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1446-1456. [PMID: 27126171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, bio-scaffolds have been developed using irradiated chitosan from different sources - squid pen (RS) and crab shell (RC) - with hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) at a chitosan/HA/β-TCP ratio of 50/30/20. The bio-scaffolds were prepared at two different freezing temperature (-20°C and -80°C) followed by lyophilisation. To enhance the mechanical properties, the bio-scaffolds were cross-linked using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) followed by lyophilisation. The composition and morphology of the bio-scaffolds were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM and μ-CT. The pore size of the porous scaffolds ranged from 90 to 220μm and the scaffolds had 70-80% porosity. The scaffolds had a water uptake ratio of more than 10, and a controlled biodegradation in the range of 30-40%. These results suggest that the physical and biological properties of chitosan-based bio-scaffolds can be a promising biomaterial for bone-tissue regeneration.
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30
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Jang HL, Zheng GB, Park J, Kim HD, Baek HR, Lee HK, Lee K, Han HN, Lee CK, Hwang NS, Lee JH, Nam KT. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Whitlockite Biocompatibility: Comparative Study with Hydroxyapatite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:128-36. [PMID: 25963732 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biomimicking ceramics have been developed to induce efficient recovery of damaged hard tissues. Among them, calcium phosphate-based bioceramics have been the most widely used because of their similar composition with human hard tissue and excellent biocompatibilities. However, the incomplete understanding of entire inorganic phases in natural bone has limited the recreation of complete bone compositions. In this work, broad biomedical evaluation of whitlockite (WH: Ca18Mg2(HPO4)2(PO4)12), which is the secondary inorganic phase in bone, is conducted to better understand human hard tissue and to seek potential application as a biomaterial. Based on the recently developed gram-scale method for synthesizing WH nanoparticles, the properties of WH as a material for cellular scaffolding and bone implants are assessed and compared to those of hydroxyapatite (HAP: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP: β-Ca3(PO4)2). WH-reinforced composite scaffolds facilitate bone-specific differentiation compared to HAP-reinforced composite scaffolds. Additionally, WH implants induce similar or better bone regeneration in calvarial defects in a rat model compared to HAP and β-TCP implants, with intermediate resorbability. New findings of the properties of WH that distinguish it from HAP and β-TCP are significant in understanding human hard tissue, mimicking bone tissue at the nanoscale and designing functional bioceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Lin Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Guang Bin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National; University Boramae Medical Center; Seoul 156-707 South Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Yanbian University Hospital; Yanji 133000 Jilin Province China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul 110-744 South Korea
| | - Jungha Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Hwan D. Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Hae-Ri Baek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National; University Boramae Medical Center; Seoul 156-707 South Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Keunho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Heung Nam Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Choon-Ki Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul 110-744 South Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
| | - Jae Hyup Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National; University Boramae Medical Center; Seoul 156-707 South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 South Korea
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31
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Wang J, Liu G, Chen J, Zhao B, Zhu P. Synthesis of Biocompatible Hydroxyapatite Using Chitosan Oligosaccharide as a Template. MATERIALS 2015; 8:8097-8105. [PMID: 28793700 PMCID: PMC5458867 DOI: 10.3390/ma8125440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel biocompatible hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized by using chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) as a template. These HA samples were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biocompatibility of HA samples was evaluated via cell viability, cell morphology and alkaline phosphatase staining of MG-63 cell lines. The results show that HA synthesized in the presence of COS was favorable to proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MG-63 cells. These hydroxyapatites are potentially attractive biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Guanxiong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Jinshuai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Bo Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Peizhi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
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32
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO 4): occurrence and properties. Prog Biomater 2015; 5:9-70. [PMID: 27471662 PMCID: PMC4943586 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-015-0045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers' attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4). This type of materials is of the special significance for the human beings because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e., those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. For example, atherosclerosis results in blood vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of cholesterol with CaPO4, while dental caries and osteoporosis mean a partial decalcification of teeth and bones, respectively, that results in replacement of a less soluble and harder biological apatite by more soluble and softer calcium hydrogenorthophosphates. Therefore, the processes of both normal and pathological calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of CaPO4. Similarly, dental caries and osteoporosis might be considered as in vivo dissolution of CaPO4. In addition, natural CaPO4 are the major source of phosphorus, which is used to produce agricultural fertilizers, detergents and various phosphorus-containing chemicals. Thus, there is a great significance of CaPO4 for the humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
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Jaroszewicz J, Kosowska A, Hutmacher D, Swieszkowski W, Moskalewski S. Insight into characteristic features of cartilage growth plate as a physiological template for bone formation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:357-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering; Warsaw University of Technology; Woloska 141 Warsaw 02-507 Poland
| | - Anna Kosowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Medical University of Warsaw; Chalubinskiego 5 Warsaw 02-004 Poland
| | - Dietmar Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology; 60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove QLD 4059 Australia
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering; Warsaw University of Technology; Woloska 141 Warsaw 02-507 Poland
| | - Stanisław Moskalewski
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Medical University of Warsaw; Chalubinskiego 5 Warsaw 02-004 Poland
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34
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Shavandi A, Bekhit AEDA, Sun Z, Ali A, Gould M. A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 55:373-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Bio-mimetic composite scaffold from mussel shells, squid pen and crab chitosan for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 80:445-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Development and characterization of hydroxyapatite/β-TCP/chitosan composites for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 56:481-93. [PMID: 26249618 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate ceramics that mimic bone composition provide interesting possibilities for the advancement in bone tissue engineering. The present study reports on a chitosan composite reinforced by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells and cross-linked using tripolyphosphate (TPP). The ratios of the ceramic components in composites were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/CH, w/w %). Biodegradation rate, structural properties and in-vitro degradation of the bone-like composite scaffolds were investigated. The optimum amount of TPP required for composite was 2.5% and glycerol was used as plasticizer at an optimized concentration of 1%. Tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan composites were developed by freezing and lyophilisation. The Young's modulus of the scaffolds was increased from 4kPa to 17kPa and the porosity of composites dropped from 85 to 68% by increasing the HA/β-TCP ratio. After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). The obtained data suggest that the chitosan based bone-like composites could be potential candidates for biomedical applications.
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37
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Wang T, Yang X, Qi X, Jiang C. Osteoinduction and proliferation of bone-marrow stromal cells in three-dimensional poly (ε-caprolactone)/ hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffolds. J Transl Med 2015; 13:152. [PMID: 25952675 PMCID: PMC4429830 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoinduction and proliferation of bone-marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in three-dimensional (3D) poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds have not been studied throughly and are technically challenging. This study aimed to optimize nanocomposites of 3D PCL scaffolds to provide superior adhesion, proliferation and differentiation environment for BMSCs in this scenario. METHODS BMSCs were isolated and cultured in a novel 3D tissue culture poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold coated with poly-lysine, hydroxyapatite (HAp), collagen and HAp/collagen. Cell morphology was observed and BMSC biomarkers for osteogenesis, osteoblast differentiation and activation were analyzed. RESULTS Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs showed that coating materials were uniformly deposited on the surface of PCL scaffolds and BMSCs grew and aggregated to form clusters during 3D culture. Both mRNA and protein levels of the key players of osteogenesis and osteoblast differentiation and activation, including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphates (ALP), osterix, osteocalcin, and RANKL, were significantly higher in BMSCs seeded in PCL scaffolds coated with HAp or HAp/collagen than those seeded in uncoated PCL scaffolds, whereas the expression levels were not significantly different in collagen or poly-lysine coated PCL scaffolds. In addition, poly-lysine, collagen, HAp/collagen, and HAp coated PCL scaffolds had significantly more viable cells than uncoated PCL scaffolds, especially scaffolds with HAp/collagen and collagen-alone coatings. That BMSCs in HAp or HAp/collagen PCL scaffolds had remarkably higher ALP activities than those in collagen-coated alone or uncoated PCL scaffolds indicating higher osteogenic differentiation levels of BMSCs in HAp or HAp/collagen PCL scaffolds. Moreover, morphological changes of BMSCs after four-week of 3D culture confirmed that BMSCs successfully differentiated into osteoblast with spread-out phenotype in HAp/collagen coated PCL scaffolds. CONCLUSION This study showed a proof of concept for preparing biomimetic 3D poly (ε-caprolactone)/ hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffolds with excellent osteoinduction and proliferation capacity for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Chaoyin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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38
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Roschger A, Gamsjaeger S, Hofstetter B, Masic A, Blouin S, Messmer P, Berzlanovich A, Paschalis EP, Roschger P, Klaushofer K, Fratzl P. Relationship between the v₂PO₄/amide III ratio assessed by Raman spectroscopy and the calcium content measured by quantitative backscattered electron microscopy in healthy human osteonal bone. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:065002. [PMID: 24919447 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.6.065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Raman microspectroscopy and quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) of bone are powerful tools to investigate bone material properties. Both methods provide information on the degree of bone matrix mineralization. However, a head-to-head comparison of these outcomes from identical bone areas has not been performed to date. In femoral midshaft cross sections of three women, 99 regions (20×20 μm²) were selected inside osteons and interstitial bone covering a wide range of matrix mineralization. As the focus of this study was only on regions undergoing secondary mineralization, zones exhibiting a distinct gradient in mineral content close to the mineralization front were excluded. The same regions were measured by both methods. We found a linear correlation (R²=0.75) between mineral/matrix as measured by Raman spectroscopy and the wt. %Mineral/(100-wt. %Mineral) as obtained by qBEI, in good agreement with theoretical estimations. The observed deviations of single values from the linear regression line were determined to reflect biological heterogeneities. The data of this study demonstrate the good correspondence between Raman and qBEI outcomes in describing tissue mineralization. The obtained correlation is likely sensitive to changes in bone tissue composition, providing an approach to detect potential deviations from normal bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Straße 30, A-1140 Vienna, AustriabMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Pot
| | - Sonja Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Straße 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Hofstetter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Straße 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Admir Masic
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Straße 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Phaedra Messmer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Straße 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Berzlanovich
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Forensic Medicine, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleftherios P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Straße 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Straße 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Straße 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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Li Z, Pasteris JD. Tracing the pathway of compositional changes in bone mineral with age: preliminary study of bioapatite aging in hypermineralized dolphin's bulla. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2331-9. [PMID: 24650888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of mineral compositional effects during bone aging are complicated by the presence of collagen. METHODS Hypermineralized bullae of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins of <3months, 2.5years, and 20years underwent micrometer-scale point analysis by Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe in addition to bulk analysis for carbon. RESULTS Bulla central areas have a mineral content of ~96wt.% and 9-10wt.% carbonate in their bioapatite, which is ~2wt.% more than edge areas. Ca/P atomic ratios (~1.8) and concentrations of Mg, S, and other minor/trace elements are almost constant in central areas over time. Maturity brings greater over-all homogeneity in mineral content, stoichiometry, and morphology throughout the central and edge areas of the bullae. During aging, edge areas become less porous, whereas the concentration of organics in the edge is reduced. Enhancement of coupled substitutions of CO3(2-) for PO4(3-) and Na for Ca during aging increases carbonate content up to ~10wt.% in the adult bulla. CONCLUSIONS 1) Changes in physical properties during aging did not occur simultaneously with changes in chemical properties of the bone mineral. 2) Compositional changes in bone mineral were minor during the neonatal to sub-adult stage, but significant during later maturity. 3) Na and CO3 concentrations co-vary in a 1:1 molar proportion during aging. 4) The mineral's crystallinity did not decrease as CO3 concentration increased during aging. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Hypermineralized dolphin's bulla, due to extreme depletion in collagen, is an ideal material for investigating mineralogical changes in bioapatite during bone aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jill D Pasteris
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Barbieri D, de Bruijn JD, Luo X, Farè S, Grijpma DW, Yuan H. Controlling dynamic mechanical properties and degradation of composites for bone regeneration by means of filler content. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 20:162-72. [PMID: 23455172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is a dynamic composite system that adapts itself, in response to the surrounding daily (cyclic) mechanical stimuli, through an equilibrium between growth and resorption processes. When there is need of synthetic bone grafts, the biggest issue is to support bone regeneration without causing mechanically-induced bone resorption. Apart from biological properties, such degradable materials should initially support and later leave room to bone formation. Further, dynamic mechanical properties comparable to those of bone are required. In this study we prepared composites comprising calcium phosphate and L-lactide/D-lactide copolymer in various content ratios using the extrusion method. We evaluated the effect of the inorganic filler amount on the polymer phase (i.e. on the post-extrusion intrinsic viscosity). We then studied their in vitro degradation and dynamic mechanical properties (in dry and humid conditions). By increasing the filler content, we observed significant decrease of the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer phase during the extrusion process. Composites containing higher amounts of apatite had faster degradation, and were also mechanically stiffer. But, due to the lower intrinsic viscosity of their polymer phase, they had larger damping properties. Besides this, higher amounts of apatite also rendered the composites more hydrophilic letting them absorb more water and causing them the largest decrease in stiffness. These results show the importance of filler content in controlling the properties of such composites. Further, in this study we observed that the viscoelastic properties of the composite containing 50wt% apatite were comparable to those of dry human cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barbieri
- Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, 3723 MB, The Netherlands.
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41
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Bazin D, Daudon M, Combes C, Rey C. Characterization and some physicochemical aspects of pathological microcalcifications. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5092-120. [PMID: 22809072 DOI: 10.1021/cr200068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Bazin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.
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42
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Querido W, Abraçado LG, Rossi AL, Campos APC, Rossi AM, San Gil RAS, Borojevic R, Balduino A, Farina M. Ultrastructural and mineral phase characterization of the bone-like matrix assembled in F-OST osteoblast cultures. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 89:358-71. [PMID: 21901516 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell cultures are often used to study bone mineralization; however, not all systems achieve a bone-like matrix formation. In this study, the mineralized matrix assembled in F-OST osteoblast cultures was analyzed, with the aim of establishing a novel model for bone mineralization. The ultrastructure of the cultures was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mineral phase was characterized using conventional and high-resolution TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state (31)P and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance. F-OST osteoblast cultures presented a clear nodular mineralization pattern. The chief features of the mineralizing nodules were globular accretions ranging from about 100 nm to 1.5 μm in diameter, loaded with needle-shaped crystallites. Accretions seemed to bud from the cell membrane, increase in size, and coalesce into larger ones. Arrays of loosely packed, randomly oriented collagen fibrils were seen along with the accretions. Mineralized fibrils were often observed, sometimes in close association with accretions. The mineral phase was characterized as a poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite. The Ca/P atomic ratio was 1.49 ± 0.06. The presence of OH was evident. The lattice parameters were a = 9.435 Å and c = 6.860 Å. The average crystallite size was 20 nm long and 10 nm wide. Carbonate substitutions were seen in phosphate and OH sites. Water was also found within the apatitic core. In conclusion, F-OST osteoblast cultures produce a bone-like matrix and may provide a good model for bone mineralization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Querido
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphates: occurrence, properties, biomineralization, pathological calcification and biomimetic applications. BIOMATTER 2011; 1:121-64. [PMID: 23507744 PMCID: PMC3549886 DOI: 10.4161/biom.18790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers' attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. This type of materials is of special significance for human beings, because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e., those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. For example, atherosclerosis results in blood vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of cholesterol with calcium orthophosphates, while dental caries and osteoporosis mean a partial decalcification of teeth and bones, respectively, that results in replacement of a less soluble and harder biological apatite by more soluble and softer calcium hydrogenphosphates. Therefore, the processes of both normal and pathological calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of calcium orthophosphates. Similarly, dental caries and osteoporosis might be considered an in vivo dissolution of calcium orthophosphates. Thus, calcium orthophosphates hold a great significance for humankind, and in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
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44
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Voltolini M, Wenk HR, Gomez Barreiro J, Agarwal SC. Hydroxylapatite lattice preferred orientation in bone: a study of macaque, human and bovine samples. J Appl Crystallogr 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889811024344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylpatite crystallites in lamellar bone show preferred orientation. In this study, the texture (lattice preferred orientation) of the crystallites in cortical bone samples has been studied by means of synchrotron hard X-ray diffraction, performing a combined analysis with the Rietveld method to quantify fully the preferred orientation features and to obtain lattice and microstructural parameters (such as crystallite size) simultaneously. The samples were ribs from four adult female macaques of different ages, and two femurs chosen for comparison, one from a human child and one from an adult cow. The effect of the preferred orientation of the mineral component on the elastic properties is also briefly discussed. All six samples, averaging volumes of ∼0.5 mm3, show strong preferred orientation, with the hydroxylapatitecaxis parallel to the bone axis. The symmetry of the texture is almost perfectly axial and clearly displays a uniform girdle of theaaxis perpendicular to the bone axis. The texture strength is very similar for the four macaque rib samples, while some variation is observed in the human (weaker) and bovine (stronger) femurs. The crystallite size (8 × 30 nm) and unit-cell lattice parameters are similar in all samples. The Rietveld analysis provides for the first time a quantitative texture analysis combined with structural and microstructural hydroxylapatite analysis of the same bone samples.
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Frank-Kamenetskaya O, Kol’tsov A, Kuz’mina M, Zorina M, Poritskaya L. Ion substitutions and non-stoichiometry of carbonated apatite-(CaOH) synthesised by precipitation and hydrothermal methods. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Debye function analysis and 2D imaging of nanoscaled engineered bone. Biomaterials 2010; 31:8289-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Bones provide mechanical and protective function, while also serving as housing for marrow and a site for regulation of calcium ion homeostasis. The properties of bones do not remain constant with age; rather, they change throughout life, in some cases improving in function, but in others, function deteriorates. Here we review the modifications in the mechanical function and shape of bones, the bone cells, the matrix they produce, and the mineral that is deposited on this matrix, while presenting recent theories about the factors leading to these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Boskey
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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48
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Guagliardi A, Giannini C, Cedola A, Mastrogiacomo M, Ladisa M, Cancedda R. Toward the x-ray microdiffraction imaging of bone and tissue-engineered bone. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 15:423-42. [PMID: 19537948 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchical structure of bone makes the X-ray microdiffraction scanning techniques one of the most effective tool to investigate the structural features of this tissue at different length scales: the atomic/nanometer scale of the X-ray scattering signals and the macroscopic scale of the scanned sample area. The potentiality of the microdiffraction approach has been verified also by investigations on tissue-engineered bone substitutes used to repair large hard bone defects. The aim of this review is to present the most representative and recent results obtained through high-resolution scanning microdiffraction techniques studying both natural and tissue-engineered bone. The rapid evolution of the instrumental set-ups and the advanced methods of data analysis are described. Recent examples in which X-ray microbeams were used for imaging quantitative features of natural bone tissue and engineered bone substitutes are presented along with the qualitative and quantitative information extracted from the two-dimensional patterns collected on bone samples and on ex vivo cell seeded bioceramic implants. Thanks to the microdiffraction approach, several aspects of the mechanisms leading to the generation of the new bone, coupled to the scaffold resorption in the tissue-engineered constructs, have been tentatively interpreted. The potential of X-ray microdiffraction as an imaging tool in the field of bone tissue engineering is discussed and the key role of high-spatial resolution, availability of automatic tools (for dealing with the huge amount of experimental data) and advanced analysis techniques is elucidated. Finally, future perspectives in the field are presented.
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Gray-Munro JE, Strong M. The mechanism of deposition of calcium phosphate coatings from solution onto magnesium alloy AZ31. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 90:339-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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50
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Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers’ attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. These materials are of the special significance because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and dear antlers) and pathological (i.e. those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium ortho-phosphates. For example, self-setting hydraulic cements made of calcium orthophosphates are helpful in bone repair, while titanium substitutes covered by a surface layer of calcium orthophosphates are used for hip joint endoprostheses and as tooth substitutes. Porous scaffolds made of calcium orthophosphates are very promising tools for tissue engineering applications. In addition, technical grade calcium orthophosphates are very popular mineral fertilizers. Thus ere calcium orthophosphates are of great significance for humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
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