1
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Midorikawa R, Wakazono Y, Takamiya K. Aβ peptide enhances GluA1 internalization via lipid rafts in Alzheimer's-related hippocampal LTP dysfunction. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261281. [PMID: 38668720 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) is a central contributor to neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ disrupts AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity, a key factor in early AD progression. Numerous studies propose that Aβ oligomers hinder synaptic plasticity, particularly long-term potentiation (LTP), by disrupting GluA1 (encoded by GRIA1) function, although the precise mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that Aβ mediates the accumulation of GM1 ganglioside in lipid raft domains of cultured cells, and GluA1 exhibits preferential localization in lipid rafts via direct binding to GM1. Aβ enhances the raft localization of GluA1 by increasing GM1 in these areas. Additionally, chemical LTP stimulation induces lipid raft-dependent GluA1 internalization in Aβ-treated neurons, resulting in reduced cell surface and postsynaptic expression of GluA1. Consistent with this, disrupting lipid rafts and GluA1 localization in rafts rescues Aβ-mediated suppression of hippocampal LTP. These findings unveil a novel functional deficit in GluA1 trafficking induced by Aβ, providing new insights into the mechanism underlying AD-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Midorikawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Wakazono
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Laboratory of Biophysical Research, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kogo Takamiya
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Laboratory of Biophysical Research, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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2
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Yaksh TL, Santos GGD, Borges Paes Lemes J, Malange K. Neuraxial drug delivery in pain management: An overview of past, present, and future. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2023; 37:243-265. [PMID: 37321769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Activation of neuraxial nociceptive linkages leads to a high level of encoding of the message that is transmitted to the brain and that can initiate a pain state with its attendant emotive covariates. As we review here, the encoding of this message is subject to a profound regulation by pharmacological targeting of dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn systems. Though first shown with the robust and selective modulation by spinal opiates, subsequent work has revealed the pharmacological and biological complexity of these neuraxial systems and points to several regulatory targets. Novel therapeutic delivery platforms, such as viral transfection, antisense and targeted neurotoxins, point to disease-modifying approaches that can selectively address the acute and chronic pain phenotype. Further developments are called for in delivery devices to enhance local distribution and to minimize concentration gradients, as frequently occurs with the poorly mixed intrathecal space. The field has advanced remarkably since the mid-1970s, but these advances must always address the issues of safety and tolerability of neuraxial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony L Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology University of California, San Diego, San Diego CA, 92103, USA.
| | | | | | - Kaue Malange
- Department of Anesthesiology University of California, San Diego, San Diego CA, 92103, USA
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3
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Abbasloo E, Abdollahi F, Saberi A, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Kaeidi A, Akhlaghinasab F, Sheibani V, Thomas TC, Kobeissy FH, Oryan S. Involvement of T-type calcium channels in the mechanism of low dose morphine-induced hyperalgesia in adult male rats. Neuropeptides 2021; 90:102185. [PMID: 34419803 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that systemic and local administration of ultra-low dose morphine induced a hyperalgesic response via mu-opioid receptors. However, its exact mechanism(s) has not fully been clarified. It is documented that mu-opioid receptors functionally couple to T-type voltage dependent Ca+2 channels. Here, we investigated the role of T-type calcium channels, amiloride and mibefradil, on the induction of low-dose morphine hyperalgesia in male Wistar rats. The data showed that morphine (0.01 μg i.t. and 1 μg/kg i.p.) could elicit hyperalgesia as assessed by the tail-flick test. Administration of amiloride (5 and 10 μg i.t.) and mibefradil (2.5 and 5 μg i.t.) completely blocked low-dose morphine-induced hyperalgesia in spinal dorsal horn. Amiloride at doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg (i.p.) and mibefradil (9 mg/kg ip) 10 min before morphine (1 μg/kg i.p.) inhibited morphine-induced hyperalgesia. Our results indicate a role for T-type calcium channels in low dose morphine-induced hyperalgesia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abbasloo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Abdollahi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Kerman, Iran
| | - Arezoo Saberi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Ayat Kaeidi
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Akhlaghinasab
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Theresa Currier Thomas
- College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Child Health, Phoenix, USA; BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, USA
| | - Firas Hosni Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Shahrbanoo Oryan
- Departments of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University. Tehran, Iran
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4
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Sántha P, Dobos I, Kis G, Jancsó G. Role of Gangliosides in Peripheral Pain Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1005. [PMID: 32028715 PMCID: PMC7036959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are abundantly occurring sialylated glycosphingolipids serving diverse functions in the nervous system. Membrane-localized gangliosides are important components of lipid microdomains (rafts) which determine the distribution of and the interaction among specific membrane proteins. Different classes of gangliosides are expressed in nociceptive primary sensory neurons involved in the transmission of nerve impulses evoked by noxious mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. Gangliosides, in particular GM1, have been shown to participate in the regulation of the function of ion channels, such as transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a molecular integrator of noxious stimuli of distinct nature. Gangliosides may influence nociceptive functions through their association with lipid rafts participating in the organization of functional assemblies of specific nociceptive ion channels with neurotrophins, membrane receptors, and intracellular signaling pathways. Genetic and experimentally induced alterations in the expression and/or metabolism of distinct ganglioside species are involved in pathologies associated with nerve injuries, neuropathic, and inflammatory pain in both men and animals. Genetic and/or pharmacological manipulation of neuronal ganglioside expression, metabolism, and action may offer a novel approach to understanding and management of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.S.); (I.D.); (G.K.)
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5
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Intraplantar injection of sialidase reduces mechanical allodynia during inflammatory pain. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 133:49-52. [PMID: 28089228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are highly charged glycoresidues that are attached to glycoproteins or glycosphingolipids, and they are associated with various biological functions. Gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, are abundant in neural tissues and play important roles in the nervous system. Previous studies revealed that peripheral gangliosides are involved in nociceptive behavior and hyperalgesia. These observations prompted us to determine whether the sialic acid-cleaving enzyme sialidase affects pain signaling. Intraplantar injection of sialidase reduced mechanical allodynia during complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation. We also found that ganglioside induces mechanical allodynia in naïve mice. These results suggest that sialyl conjugates in subcutaneous tissues modify allodynia.
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6
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Watanabe S, Higashi H. Pain Signaling and Gangliosides. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2015. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1311.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Hideyoshi Higashi
- Division of Glyco-Signal Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
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7
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Raffa RB, Pergolizzi JV. Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia: Is It Clinically Relevant for the Treatment of Pain Patients? Pain Manag Nurs 2013; 14:e67-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Listos J, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Talarek S, Listos P, Orzelska J, Fidecka S, Gutowska I, Kolasa A, Rybicka M, Chlubek D. The effect of perinatal lead exposure on dopamine receptor D2 expression in morphine dependent rats. Toxicology 2013; 310:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Ruscheweyh R, Sandkühler J. Opioids and central sensitisation: II. Induction and reversal of hyperalgesia. Eur J Pain 2012; 9:149-52. [PMID: 15737805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2004.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Accepted: 05/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are powerful analgesics when used to treat acute pain and some forms of chronic pain. In addition, opioids can preempt some forms of central sensitization. Here we review evidence that opioids may also induce and perhaps reverse some forms of central sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ruscheweyh
- Department of Neurophysiology, Centre for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Hajializadeh Z, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Sheibani V, Kaeidi A, Atapour M, Abbasnejad M. Changes in the gene expression of specific G-protein subunits correlate with morphine insensitivity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:299-304. [PMID: 20334911 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several animal and human studies have shown a decreased analgesic potency of morphine in diabetic subjects. Since G-protein subunits have an important role in morphine effects at the cellular level and the exact mechanism(s) of diabetes-induced morphine insensitivity has not been fully clarified yet, the present study was designed to determine the changes in the levels of G(alphai), G(alphas), G(beta) mRNAs and proteins involved in this phenomenon. All experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats. The tail-flick test was used to assess the nociceptive threshold. Diabetes was induced by injection of 50 mg/kg (i.p.) streptozotocin. Four weeks after diabetes induction, the dorsal half of the lumbar spinal cord was assayed for the expression of G-protein subunits using semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting. The antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine (5, 10 and 15 microg i.t.) was significantly reduced in diabetic rats and these effects were reversed with insulin replacement. In diabetic animals, a significant increase in the mRNA levels of G(alphai) (23.5%) was observed in the dorsal portion of the lumbar spinal cord. The mRNA level of G(alphas) and G(beta) did not change. Following diabetes a significant decrease in the protein levels of G(alphai) was induced. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the protein level of G(alphas) and G(beta). In diabetic animals that received insulin, levels of G(alphai) mRNA and protein were close to those in control rats. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the expression pattern of the cellular components involved in morphine analgesia changes in diabetic animals. This may be, at least partly, responsible for diabetes-induced morphine insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajializadeh
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center (KNRC), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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11
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Crain SM, Shen KF. Low doses of cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitors rapidly evoke opioid receptor-mediated thermal hyperalgesia in naïve mice which is converted to prominent analgesia by cotreatment with ultra-low-dose naltrexone. Brain Res 2008; 1231:16-24. [PMID: 18656459 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic (s.c.) injection in naïve mice of cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) inhibitors, e.g. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine [(IBMX) or caffeine, 10 mg/kg] or the more specific cAMP-PDE inhibitor, rolipram (1 mug/kg), rapidly evokes thermal hyperalgesia (lasting >5 h). These effects appear to be mediated by enhanced excitatory opioid receptor signaling, as occurs during withdrawal in opioid-dependent mice. Cotreatment of these mice with ultra-low-dose naltrexone (NTX, 0.1 ng/kg-1 pg/kg, s.c.) results in prominent opioid analgesia (lasting >4 h) even when the dose of rolipram is reduced to 1 pg/kg. Cotreatment of these cAMP-PDE inhibitors in naïve mice with an ultra-low-dose (0.1 ng/kg) of the kappa-opioid receptor antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) or the mu-opioid receptor antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) also results in opioid analgesia. These excitatory effects of cAMP-PDE inhibitors in naïve mice may be mediated by enhanced release of small amounts of endogenous bimodally-acting (excitatory/inhibitory) opioid agonists by neurons in nociceptive networks. Ultra-low-dose NTX, nor-BNI or beta-FNA selectively antagonizes high-efficacy excitatory (hyperalgesic) Gs-coupled opioid receptor-mediated signaling in naïve mice and results in rapid conversion to inhibitory (analgesic) Gi/Go-coupled opioid receptor-mediated signaling which normally requires activation by much higher doses of opioid agonists. Cotreatment with a low subanalgesic dose of kelatorphan, an inhibitor of multiple endogenous opioid peptide-degrading enzymes, stabilizes endogenous opioid agonists released by cAMP-PDE inhibitors, resulting in conversion of the hyperalgesia to analgesia without requiring selective blockade of excitatory opioid receptor signaling. The present study provides a novel pharmacologic paradigm that may facilitate development of valuable non-narcotic clinical analgesics utilizing cotreatment with ultra-low-dose rolipram plus ultra-low-dose NTX or related agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M Crain
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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12
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Esmaeili-Mahani S, Shimokawa N, Javan M, Maghsoudi N, Motamedi F, Koibuchi N, Ahmadiani A. Low-dose morphine induces hyperalgesia through activation of G alphas, protein kinase C, and L-type Ca 2+ channels in rats. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:471-9. [PMID: 17893922 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Opioids can induce analgesia and also hyperalgesia in humans and in animals. It has been shown that systemic administration of morphine induced a hyperalgesic response at an extremely low dose. However, the exact mechanism(s) underlying opioid-induced hyperalgesia has not yet been clarified. Here, we have investigated cellular events involved in low-dose morphine hyperalgesia in male Wistar rats. The data showed that morphine (0.01 microg i.t.) could elicit hyperalgesia as assessed by the tail-flick test. G(alphas) mRNA and protein levels increased significantly following exposure to the hyperalgesic dose of morphine. Furthermore, morphine at an analgesic dose (20 microg i.t.) significantly decreased cAMP levels in the dorsal half of the lumbar spinal cord, whereas the tissue cAMP levels were not affected by morphine treatment at a hyperalgesic dose. Intrathecal administration of nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, antagonized the hyperalgesia induced by the low-dose of morphine. Furthermore, pretreatment with the selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerytrine resulted in prevention of the morphine-induced hyperalgesia. KT 5720, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), did not show any effect on low-dose morphine-induced hyperalgesia. These results indicate a role for G(alphas), the PLC-PKC pathway, and L-type calcium channels in intrathecal morphine-induced hyperalgesia in rats. Activation of ordinary G(alphas) signaling through cAMP levels did not appear to play a major role in the induction of hyperalgesia by low-dose of morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Leri F. Co-administration of opioid agonists and antagonists in addiction and pain medicine. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008; 9:1387-96. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.9.8.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Esmaeili-Mahani S, Javan M, Motamedi F, Ahmadiani A. Post-adrenalectomy changes in the gene expression of specific G-protein subunits involved in morphine sensitization. Neuropeptides 2008; 42:169-75. [PMID: 18237777 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There are some reports indicating that adrenalectomy significantly potentiates morphine-induced analgesia. Since G-protein subunits have an important role in morphine effects at the cellular level and the exact mechanism(s) of adrenalectomy-induced morphine sensitization has not yet been clarified, the present study was designed to determine the changes in the levels of Galphai/o, Galphas, Gbeta mRNA involved in this phenomenon. All experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats. The tail-flick test was used to assess the nociceptive threshold and corticosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay as a marker of HPA function. The dorsal half of the lumbar spinal cord was assayed for the expression of G-protein subunits using semiquantitative PCR normalized to beta-actin gene expression. Results showed that morphine not only in 3 mg/kg, but also in a sub-effective dose (2 mg/kg) could affect the nociceptive threshold and induce an analgesic response in adrenalectomized (ADX) rats while 2 mg/kg morphine did not demonstrate analgesic properties in sham-operated animals. These effects were reversed with corticosterone replacement. Morphine increased plasma corticosterone concentration in a dose-dependent manner in sham-operated rats. Following adrenalectomy a significant increase in the mRNA levels of Galphai/o (79%) and Gbeta (96%) was observed in the dorsal portion of the lumbar spinal cord. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the mRNA level of Galphas. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the levels of the cellular components involved in morphine analgesia significantly increase in ADX animals. This may be at least partly responsible for adrenalectomy-induced morphine sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.
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15
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Wang HY, Frankfurt M, Burns LH. High-affinity naloxone binding to filamin a prevents mu opioid receptor-Gs coupling underlying opioid tolerance and dependence. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1554. [PMID: 18253501 PMCID: PMC2212716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-low-dose opioid antagonists enhance opioid analgesia and reduce analgesic tolerance and dependence by preventing a G protein coupling switch (Gi/o to Gs) by the mu opioid receptor (MOR), although the binding site of such ultra-low-dose opioid antagonists was previously unknown. Here we show that with approximately 200-fold higher affinity than for the mu opioid receptor, naloxone binds a pentapeptide segment of the scaffolding protein filamin A, known to interact with the mu opioid receptor, to disrupt its chronic opioid-induced Gs coupling. Naloxone binding to filamin A is demonstrated by the absence of [3H]-and FITC-naloxone binding in the melanoma M2 cell line that does not contain filamin or MOR, contrasting with strong [3H]naloxone binding to its filamin A-transfected subclone A7 or to immunopurified filamin A. Naloxone binding to A7 cells was displaced by naltrexone but not by morphine, indicating a target distinct from opioid receptors and perhaps unique to naloxone and its analogs. The intracellular location of this binding site was confirmed by FITC-NLX binding in intact A7 cells. Overlapping peptide fragments from c-terminal filamin A revealed filamin A2561-2565 as the binding site, and an alanine scan of this pentapeptide revealed an essential mid-point lysine. Finally, in organotypic striatal slice cultures, peptide fragments containing filamin A2561-2565 abolished the prevention by 10 pM naloxone of both the chronic morphine-induced mu opioid receptor–Gs coupling and the downstream cAMP excitatory signal. These results establish filamin A as the target for ultra-low-dose opioid antagonists previously shown to enhance opioid analgesia and to prevent opioid tolerance and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoau-Yan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, City University of New York Medical School, New York, New York, USA.
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16
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Fereidoni M, Javan M, Semnanian S, Ahmadiani A. Chronic forced swim stress inhibits ultra-low dose morphine-induced hyperalgesia in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2008; 18:667-72. [PMID: 17912051 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e3282f007cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-low doses of morphine (UL-morphine) induce hyperalgesia, which is assumed to be mediated by stimulatory G proteins (G(alphas)) signaling pathway. G(alphas) pathway inhibition and chronic stress both attenuate development of tolerance to analgesic effect of morphine. This study evaluated the effect of chronic stress on UL-morphine-induced hyperalgesia to find out if chronic stress interacts with the G(alphas) signaling pathway. Repeated daily forced swim stress was applied to induce chronic stress. UL-morphine (1 microg/kg, intraperitoneal)-induced hyperalgesia was assessed using the tail-flick test on day 6, in male rats that during days 1-5 received different treatments of swim stress, dexamethasone, swim stress following adrenalectomy (ADX) or swim stress after sham operation. Chronic stress by itself induced hyperalgesia in control and sham-operated rats but inhibited UL-morphine-induced hyperalgesia. In ADX animals, chronic stress did not produce hyperalgesia and could not inhibit UL-morphine-induced hyperalgesia. Chronic dexamethasone produced hyperalgesia but did not change the UL-morphine-induced hyperalgesia. Inhibition of UL-morphine hyperalgesia by chronic stress suggests that chronic stress interacts with the G(alphas) signaling pathway, which is responsible for UL-morphine-induced hyperalgesia. The absence of this effect in the ADX-rats or after repetitive dexamethasone administration demonstrates that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation is necessary for controlling UL-morphine-induced hyperalgesia. Finally, the interaction of stress with the G(alphas) signaling pathway may provide an explanation for the inhibitory effect of stress on development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Fereidoni
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Crain SM, Shen KF. Naloxone rapidly evokes endogenous kappa opioid receptor-mediated hyperalgesia in naïve mice pretreated briefly with GM1 ganglioside or in chronic morphine-dependent mice. Brain Res 2007; 1167:31-41. [PMID: 17692296 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose naloxone-precipitated withdrawal hyperalgesia is a reliable indicator of physical dependence after chronic morphine treatment. A remarkably similar long-lasting (>3-4 h) hyperalgesia is evoked by injection of a low dose of naloxone (10 microg/kg, s.c.) in naïve mice after acute pretreatment with the glycolipid, GM1 ganglioside (1 mg/kg) (measured by warm-water-immersion tail-flick assays). GM1 treatment markedly increases the efficacy of excitatory Gs-coupled opioid receptor signaling in nociceptive neurons. Co-treatment with an ultra-low-dose (0.1 ng/kg, s.c.) of the broad-spectrum opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone or the selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine, blocks naloxone-evoked hyperalgesia in GM1-pretreated naïve mice and unmasks prominent, long-lasting (>4 h) inhibitory opioid receptor-mediated analgesia. This unmasked analgesia can be rapidly blocked by injection after 1-2 h of a high dose of naltrexone (10 mg/kg) or nor-binaltorphimine (0.1 mg/kg). Because no exogenous opioid is administered to GM1-treated mice, we suggest that naloxone may evoke hyperalgesia by inducing release of endogenous bimodally acting opioid agonists from neurons in nociceptive networks by antagonizing putative presynaptic inhibitory opioid autoreceptors that "gate" the release of endogenous opioids. In the absence of exogenous opioids, the specific pharmacological manipulations utilized in our tail-flick assays on GM1-treated mice provide a novel bioassay to detect the release of endogenous bimodally acting (excitatory/inhibitory) opioid agonists. Because mu excitatory opioid receptor signaling is blocked by ultra-low doses of naloxone, the higher doses of naloxone that evoke hyperalgesia in GM1-treated mice cannot be mediated by activation of mu opioid receptors. Co-treatment with ultra-low-dose naltrexone or nor-binaltorphimine may selectively block signaling by endogenous GM1-sensitized excitatory kappa opioid receptors, unmasking inhibitory kappa opioid receptor signaling, and converting endogenous opioid receptor-mediated hyperalgesia to analgesia. Co-treatment with kelatorphan stabilizes putative endogenous opioid peptide agonists released by naloxone in GM1-treated mice, so that analgesia is evoked rather than hyperalgesia. Acute treatment of chronic morphine-dependent mice with ultra-low-dose naltrexone (0.1 ng/kg) results in remarkably similar rapid blocking of naloxone (10 microg/kg)-precipitated withdrawal hyperalgesia and unmasking of prominent opioid analgesia. These studies may clarify complex mechanisms underlying opioid physical dependence and opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M Crain
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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18
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Juni A, Klein G, Pintar JE, Kest B. Nociception increases during opioid infusion in opioid receptor triple knock-out mice. Neuroscience 2007; 147:439-44. [PMID: 17544222 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are extensively used analgesics yet can paradoxically increase pain sensitivity in humans and rodents. This hyperalgesia is extensively conceptualized to be a consequence of opioid receptor activity, perhaps providing an adaptive response to analgesia, and to utilize N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. These assumptions were tested here in opioid receptor triple knock-out (KO) mice lacking all three genes encoding opioid receptors (mu, delta, and kappa) by comparing their thermal nociceptive responses to the opioids morphine and oxymorphone with those of B6129F(1) controls. Injecting acute opioid bolus doses in controls caused maximal analgesia that was completely abolished in KO mice, confirming the functional consequence of the KO mouse opioid receptor deficiency. Continuous opioid infusion by osmotic pump in control mice also initially caused several consecutive days of analgesia that was shortly thereafter followed by several consecutive days of hyperalgesia. In contrast, continuously infusing KO mice with opioids caused no detectable analgesic response, but only immediate and steady declines in nociceptive thresholds culminating in several days of unremitting hyperalgesia. Finally, injecting the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 during opioid infusion markedly reversed hyperalgesia in control but not KO mice. These data demonstrate that sustained morphine and oxymorphone delivery causes hyperalgesia independently of prior or concurrent opioid or NMDA receptor activity or opioid analgesia, indicating the contribution of mechanisms outside of current conceptions, and are inconsistent with proposals of hyperalgesia as a causative factor of opioid analgesic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Juni
- Neuropsychology Doctoral Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain, not responsive to opioid analgesics, remains a problem for patients with chronic and cancer pain as well as their families, and clinicians. Opioid antagonists have various uses in pain and palliative care. Their use in the reversal of tolerance and hyperalgesia remains at the basic science level and has limited clinical exposure. OBJECTIVE To improve symptom control and quality of life in patients with pain not responsive to opioid analgesics. DESIGN Present three cases in which patients have undergone administration of opioid antagonists for the purpose of analgesia. METHODS Patients on opioids analgesics received parenteral opioid antagonist, naloxone. Complete withdrawal under a sedative or conscious sedation was allowed and then the opioid at smaller doses was restarted and analgesia was observed. RESULTS All patients had improved analgesia on a significantly lower dose of opioid analgesics. CONCLUSIONS Only three patients who have received this procedure were presented yet all have responded positively to this procedure. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism and clinical relevance in the acute use of opioid antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Loitman
- Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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20
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Juni A, Klein G, Kest B. Morphine hyperalgesia in mice is unrelated to opioid activity, analgesia, or tolerance: Evidence for multiple diverse hyperalgesic systems. Brain Res 2006; 1070:35-44. [PMID: 16409995 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperalgesia following chronic morphine treatment is thought to be a response to opioid receptor activation and analgesia and contribute to the development of analgesic tolerance. Here, the relationship between these variables was studied in mice tested for nociceptive sensitivity on the tail-withdrawal test during chronic infusion of various morphine doses. Hyperalgesic onset was preceded by dose-dependent analgesia except for the lowest morphine dose, which caused hyperalgesia 6 h after the start of infusion. Morphine ED50 values obtained at various infusion intervals demonstrated both analgesic tolerance in the absence of hyperalgesia and hyperalgesia in the absence of tolerance. Continuous opioid receptor antagonism using naltrexone pellets abolished analgesia during continuous morphine administration, transiently potentiated hyperalgesia, and revealed differences in hyperalgesic onset between morphine infusion doses. Acute injection of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 attenuated hyperalgesia in naltrexone-treated mice, demonstrating a role for this receptor in morphine hyperalgesia unrelated to its effects upon morphine analgesia. In mice where hyperalgesia subsided after continuous infusion of the highest morphine dose (i.e., hyperalgesic adaptation), hyperalgesia was restored after infusing the lower but not higher morphine dose. In addition, acute injection of morphine-3beta-glucoronide (M3G) caused hyperalgesia that was cross-adaptive with the lower morphine dose only. The data demonstrate that morphine hyperalgesia is independent of prior or concurrent opioid receptor activity or analgesia and is unrelated to analgesic tolerance. Furthermore, the lack of hyperalgesic cross-adaptation between high and low morphine doses, and their differential cross-adaptation with M3G hyperalgesia, also suggests distinct morphine dose-dependent hyperalgesic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Juni
- Doctoral Program in Neuropsychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
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21
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Paquette J, Olmstead MC, Olmstead M. Ultra-low dose naltrexone enhances cannabinoid-induced antinociception. Behav Pharmacol 2005; 16:597-603. [PMID: 16286810 DOI: 10.1097/00008877-200512000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Both opioids and cannabinoids have inhibitory effects at micromolar doses, which are mediated by activated receptors coupling to Gi/o-proteins. Surprisingly, the analgesic effects of opioids are enhanced by ultra-low doses (nanomolar to picomolar) of the opioid antagonist, naltrexone. As opioid and cannabinoid systems interact, this study investigated whether ultra-low dose naltrexone also influences cannabinoid-induced antinociception. Separate groups of Long-Evans rats were tested for antinociception following an injection of vehicle, a sub-maximal dose of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55 212-2, naltrexone (an ultra-low or a high dose) or a combination of WIN 55 212-2 and naltrexone doses. Tail-flick latencies were recorded for 3 h, at 10-min intervals for the first hour, and at 15-min intervals thereafter. Ultra-low dose naltrexone elevated WIN 55 212-2-induced tail flick thresholds without extending its duration of action. This enhancement was replicated in animals receiving intraperitoneal or intravenous injections. A high dose of naltrexone had no effect on WIN 55 212-2-induced tail flick latencies, but a high dose of the cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist SR 141716 blocked the elevated tail-flick thresholds produced by WIN 55 212-2+ultra-low dose naltrexone. These data suggest a mechanism of cannabinoid-opioid interaction whereby activated opioid receptors that couple to Gs-proteins may attenuate cannabinoid-induced antinociception and/or motor functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Paquette
- Departments of aPsychology bPharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Leri F, Burns LH. Ultra-low-dose naltrexone reduces the rewarding potency of oxycodone and relapse vulnerability in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005; 82:252-62. [PMID: 16182352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Revised: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 08/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-low-dose opioid antagonists have been shown to enhance opioid analgesia and alleviate opioid tolerance and dependence. Our present studies in male Sprague-Dawley rats assessed the abuse potential of oxycodone+ultra-low-dose naltrexone (NTX) versus oxycodone alone. The lowest NTX dose (1 pg/kg/infusion), but not slightly higher doses (10 and 100 pg/kg/infusion), enhanced oxycodone (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) intravenous self-administration, suggesting a reduced rewarding potency per infusion. During tests of reinstatement performed in extinction conditions, co-self-administration of any of these three NTX doses significantly reduced drug-seeking precipitated by priming injections of oxycodone (0.25 mg/kg, s.c.), a drug-conditioned cue, or foot-shock stress. During self-administration on a progressive-ratio schedule, animals self-administering oxycodone (0.1 mg/kg/infusion)+NTX (1 pg/kg/infusion) reached a "break-point" sooner and showed a trend toward less responding compared to rats self-administering oxycodone alone (0.1 mg/kg/infusion). In the final experiment, the addition of ultra-low-dose NTX (10 pg/kg, s.c.) enhanced the acute stimulatory effect of oxycodone (1 mg/kg, s.c.), as well as locomotor sensitization produced by repeated oxycodone administration (7 x 1 mg/kg, s.c.). In summary, this work shows that ultra-low-dose NTX co-treatment augments the locomotor effects of oxycodone as it enhances opioid analgesia, but reduces oxycodone's rewarding potency and subsequent vulnerability to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph (Guelph, ON), Canada N1G 2W1.
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23
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Trang T, Quirion R, Jhamandas K. The spinal basis of opioid tolerance and physical dependence: Involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, and arachidonic acid-derived metabolites. Peptides 2005; 26:1346-55. [PMID: 16042975 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic opioid use in the management of pain is limited by development of analgesic tolerance and physical dependence. The mechanisms underlying tolerance-dependence are not entirely clear, however, recent evidence suggests that spinal adaptations leading to increased activity of sensory neuropeptides (calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P) and their downstream signaling messengers derived from metabolism of arachidonic acid: prostaglandins (PG), lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolites, and endocannabinoids, plays an important role in this phenomenon. In this communication we review the evidence implicating these factors in the induction and expression of opioid tolerance and physical dependence at the spinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Trang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada K7L 3N6
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24
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Honar H, Riazi K, Homayoun H, Sadeghipour H, Rashidi N, Ebrahimkhani MR, Mirazi N, Dehpour AR. Ultra-low dose naltrexone potentiates the anticonvulsant effect of low dose morphine on clonic seizures. Neuroscience 2005; 129:733-42. [PMID: 15541894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Significant potentiation of analgesic effects of opioids can be achieved through selective blockade of their stimulatory effects on intracellular signaling pathways by ultra-low doses of opioid receptor antagonists. However, the generality and specificity of this interaction is not well understood. The bimodal modulation of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure threshold by opioids provide a model to assess the potential usefulness of this approach in seizure disorders and to examine the differential mechanisms involved in opioid anti- (morphine at 0.5-3 mg/kg) versus pro-convulsant (20-100 mg/kg) effects. Systemic administration of ultra-low doses of naltrexone (100 fg/kg-10 ng/kg) significantly potentiated the anticonvulsant effect of morphine at 0.5 mg/kg while higher degrees of opioid receptor antagonism blocked this effect. Moreover, inhibition of opioid-induced excitatory signaling by naltrexone (1 ng/kg) unmasked a strong anticonvulsant effect for very low doses of morphine (1 ng/kg-100 microg/kg), suggesting that a presumed inhibitory component of opioid receptor signaling can exert strong seizure-protective effects even at very low levels of opioid receptor activation. However, ultra-low dose naltrexone could not increase the maximal anticonvulsant effect of morphine (1-3 mg/kg), possibly due to a ceiling effect. The proconvulsant effects of morphine on seizure threshold were minimally altered by ultra-low doses of naltrexone while being completely blocked by a higher dose (1 mg/kg) of the antagonist. The present data suggest that ultra-low doses of opioid receptor antagonists may provide a potent strategy to modulate seizure susceptibility, especially in conjunction with very low doses of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Honar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Trang T, McNaull B, Quirion R, Jhamandas K. Involvement of spinal lipoxygenase metabolites in hyperalgesia and opioid tolerance. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 491:21-30. [PMID: 15102529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2003] [Revised: 03/02/2004] [Accepted: 03/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated role of spinal lipoxygenase metabolites in induction of hyperalgesia and development of opioid analgesic tolerance. In the rat, nociception was measured using formalin and tail-flick tests. Intrathecal administration of leukotriene receptor agonist (LTB4) augmented the second phase of the formalin response and marginally increased sensitivity to acute thermal stimulation in the tail-flick test, responses suppressed by 6-(6-(3R-hydroxy-1E,5Z-undecadien-1-yl)-2-pyridinyl)-1,5S-hexanediol (U75302), a leukotriene BLT receptor antagonist. Treatment with 15-hydroxyperoxyeicosatetranoic acid (HPETE) increased phase II formalin activity, but had no effect on tail-flick responses. 12-HPETE failed to produce an effect in either nociceptive test. In the second part of this study, chronic spinal morphine for 5 days produced progressive decline in morphine antinociception and loss in analgesic potency. These effects were attenuated by co-administration of morphine with selective and nonselective lipoxygenase inhibitors. These results suggest involvement of lipoxygenase metabolites in both pain modulation and induction of opioid tolerance at the spinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Trang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6
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26
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Abstract
Opioid receptors belong to the large superfamily of seven transmembrane-spanning (7TM) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). As a class, GPCRs are of fundamental physiological importance mediating the actions of the majority of known neurotransmitters and hormones. Opioid receptors are particularly intriguing members of this receptor family. They are activated both by endogenously produced opioid peptides and by exogenously administered opiate compounds, some of which are not only among the most effective analgesics known but also highly addictive drugs of abuse. A fundamental question in addiction biology is why exogenous opioid drugs, such as morphine and heroin, have a high liability for inducing tolerance, dependence, and addiction. This review focuses on many aspects of opioid receptors with the aim of gaining a greater insight into mechanisms of opioid tolerance and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Waldhoer
- Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, California 94608, USA.
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27
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Pelissier T, Laurido C, Kramer V, Hernández A, Paeile C. Antinociceptive interactions of ketamine with morphine or methadone in mononeuropathic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 477:23-8. [PMID: 14512094 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)02192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To study the antinociceptive synergy resulting from the combination of opioid receptor agonists and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists on neuropathic pain, an isobolographic analysis of equianalgesic combinations of ketamine with methadone or morphine was performed in rats with mononeuropathy produced by placing four constrictive ligatures around the common sciatic nerve. Two weeks later, the antinociceptive effect of subcutaneous administration of the drugs alone or combined was evaluated by using the paw pressure test. Drugs and their combinations produced dose-dependent antinociception. Combinations produced synergy of a supra-additive nature in the neuropathic paw, but only additive antinociception in the normal paw. The ketamine/methadone combination was more effective to produce antinociception in the neuropathic paw than was the ketamine/morphine association, as revealed by the lower ED25. The results indicate supra-additive synergy between NMDA receptor antagonists and opioids, especially methadone, to produce antinociception in experimental neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pelissier
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 70,000, Santiago 7, Chile.
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28
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Crain SM, Shen KF. Neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir blocks GM1 ganglioside-regulated excitatory opioid receptor-mediated hyperalgesia, enhances opioid analgesia and attenuates tolerance in mice. Brain Res 2004; 995:260-6. [PMID: 14672816 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2003.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous glycolipid GM1 ganglioside plays a critical role in nociceptive neurons in regulating opioid receptor excitatory signaling demonstrated to mediate "paradoxical" morphine hyperalgesia and to contribute to opioid tolerance/dependence. Neuraminidase (sialidase) increases levels of GM1, a monosialoganglioside, in these neurons by enzymatic removal of sialic acid from abundant polysialylated gangliosides. In this study, acute treatment of mice with the neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir enhanced morphine analgesia. Acute oseltamivir also reversed "paradoxical" hyperalgesia induced by an extremely low dose of morphine, unmasking potent analgesia. In chronic studies, co-administration of oseltamivir with morphine prevented and reversed the hyperalgesia associated with morphine tolerance. These results provide the first evidence indicating that treatment with a neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir, blocks morphine's hyperalgesic effects by decreasing neuronal levels of GM1. The present study further implicates GM1 in modulating morphine analgesia and tolerance, via its effects on the underlying excitatory signaling of Gs-coupled opioid receptors. Finally, this work suggests a remarkable, previously unrecognized effect of oseltamivir-which is widely used clinically as an antiviral agent against influenza-on glycolipid regulation of opioid excitability functions in nociceptive neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M Crain
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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29
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Schindler CJ, Slamberová R, Vathy I. Cholera toxin B decreases bicuculline seizures in prenatally morphine- and saline-exposed male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004; 77:509-15. [PMID: 15006461 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2003.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2003] [Revised: 08/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal morphine exposure on gestation days 11-18 alters bicuculline-induced seizures in rats during development and in adulthood. Adult, morphine-exposed male progeny exhibit an increased latency to bicuculline seizures, which can be reversed by administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. In chronically morphine-treated adult mice, cholera toxin B (CTX-B) can reverse the effects of chronic morphine administration. Therefore, the present study investigated whether prenatally morphine-exposed rats show a similar response to CTX-B as chronically morphine-treated adult rodents. Prenatally morphine-, saline- and unexposed male progeny were tested for seizure susceptibility with a 7.5-mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of bicuculline in adulthood. CTX-B or saline was injected subcutaneously at 24, 12, and 0.5 h before bicuculline injection. CTX-B decreased the occurrence of bicuculline-induced seizures in both prenatally saline- and morphine-exposed but not unexposed rats. Furthermore, three, but not one, saline injections administered at 12-h intervals prior to bicuculline administration reversed the increase in seizure latency in prenatally morphine-exposed adult males, suggesting an altered responsiveness of the stress system. The present study demonstrates that CTX-B can decrease the occurrence of bicuculline seizures in prenatally stressed rats and that increased seizure latencies in prenatally morphine-exposed male rats may be related to stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl J Schindler
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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30
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Xu XJ, Colpaert F, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z. Opioid hyperalgesia and tolerance versus 5-HT1A receptor-mediated inverse tolerance. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2003; 24:634-9. [PMID: 14654304 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2003.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In addition to analgesia, opioids also produce paradoxical hyperalgesic effects following acute and chronic treatment. In this article, we review the occurrence of this hyperalgesia under several conditions, and discuss the potential mechanisms and clinical implications. We also review recent evidence that paradoxical analgesia and inverse tolerance induced by stimulation of 5-HT(1A) receptors, which is a mirror image of opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance, might achieve clinically significant analgesia in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Varga EV, Yamamura HI, Rubenzik MK, Stropova D, Navratilova E, Roeske WR. Molecular mechanisms of excitatory signaling upon chronic opioid agonist treatment. Life Sci 2003; 74:299-311. [PMID: 14607258 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptor agonists mediate their analgesic effects by interacting with Gi/o protein-coupled opioid receptors. Acute treatment with opioid agonists is thought to mediate analgesia by hyperpolarization of presynatic neurons, leading to the inhibition of excitatory (pain) neurotransmitters release. After chronic treatment however, the opioid receptors gradually become less responsive to agonists, and increased drug doses become necessary to maintain the therapeutic effect (tolerance). Analgesic tolerance is the result of two, partially overlapping processes: a gradual loss of inhibitory opioid function is accompanied by an increase in excitatory signaling. Recent data indicate that chronic opioid agonist treatment simultaneously desensitizes the inhibitory-, and augments the stimulatory effects of the opioids. In the present paper we review the molecular mechanisms that may have a role in the augmentation of the excitatory signaling upon chronic opioid agonist treatment. We also briefly review our recent experimental data on the molecular mechanism of chronic opioid agonist-mediated functional sensitization of forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation, in a recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell line stably expressing the human delta-opioid receptor (hDOR/CHO). To interpret the experimental data, we propose that chronic hDOR activaton leads to activation of multiple redundant signaling pathways that converge to activate the protein kinase, Raf-1. Raf-1 in turn phosphorylates and sensitizes the native adenylyl cyclase VI isoenzyme in hDOR/CHO cells, causing a rebound increase in forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation upon agonist withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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32
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Abstract
Recent discoveries in opioid pharmacology help explain the enormous variability in clinical responses to these powerful analgesics. Although there is only one m opioid receptor gene, splice variants of that gene's expression result in a panoply of different functioning receptors. Other sources of variable response include polymorphisms in the m opioid receptor regulatory region, and pharmacokinetic differences because of cytochrome P-450 mono-oxygenase heterogeneity. Analgesic tolerance is likely the key phenomenon limiting the benefit of opioids. A plethora of intracellular pathways affects this. Among them are the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, protein kinase C gamma activity, nitric oxide synthase, and GM1 ganglioside content of the neuronal membrane. Clinical studies undercut the routine use of meperidine in most settings. Other studies have shown better ways to diminish opioid side effects.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Drug Tolerance
- Humans
- Pain/drug therapy
- Pain/physiopathology
- Receptors, Opioid/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Trans-Activators/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chevlen
- Cancer Care Center, St. Elizabeth Hospital, 1044 Belmont Avenue, Youngstown, OH 44501, USA.
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Nemmani KVS, Ramarao P. Ginsenoside Rf potentiates U-50,488H-induced analgesia and inhibits tolerance to its analgesia in mice. Life Sci 2003; 72:759-68. [PMID: 12479975 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)02333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of ginsenoside Rf (Rf), a trace component of Panax ginseng on U-50,488H (U50), a selective kappa opioid-induced analgesia and its tolerance to analgesia was studied using the mice tail-flick test. In addition, the possible mechanism by which Rf may affect U50-induced analgesia was investigated. Intraperitoneal administration of U50 (40 mg/kg) produced analgesia. Rf (10(-14)-10(-10) mg/kg) on co treatment dose-dependently potentiated the U50 (40 mg/kg)-induced analgesia. Rf (10(-12)-10(-2) mg/ml) did not alter the binding of [3H] naloxone, a opioid ligand and [3H]PN200-110, a dihydropyridine ligand to mice whole brain membrane. Twice daily administration of U50 (40 mg/kg) for six days induced tolerance to its analgesia. Chronic treatment (day 4-day 6) of Rf (10(-14)-10(-10) mg/kg) to U50-tolerant mice, dose-dependently inhibited the tolerance. The inhibition of tolerance to U50-induced analgesia by Rf was not altered by flumazenil (0.1 mg/kg), a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist and picrotoxin (1 mg/kg), a GABA(A)-gated chloride channel blocker on chronic treatment. In conclusion, these findings for the first time demonstrated that ginsenoside Rf potentiates U50-induced analgesia, inhibits tolerance to its analgesia, and suggests that Rf affects U50-induced analgesia via non-opioid, non-dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca(+2) and non-benzodiazepine-GABA(A)ergic mechanisms in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar V S Nemmani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Phase-X, S. A. S., Nagar-160 062 (Pb), India
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Mehlisch DR. The combination of low dose of naloxone and morphine in patient-controlled (PCA) does not decrease opioid requirements in the postoperative period. Pain 2003; 101:209-11; author reply 211-2. [PMID: 12507716 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
This paper is the twenty-fourth installment of the annual review of research concerning the opiate system. It summarizes papers published during 2001 that studied the behavioral effects of the opiate peptides and antagonists. The particular topics covered this year include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology(Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Li X, Clark JD. Hyperalgesia during opioid abstinence: mediation by glutamate and substance p. Anesth Analg 2002; 95:979-84, table of contents. [PMID: 12351280 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200210000-00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Opioid-abstinence hyperalgesia (OAH) is a phenomenon characterized by thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia that occurs between intermittent doses of opioids or after the chronic administration of these drugs when administration is abruptly stopped. In these studies we attempted to determine whether the activation of spinal cord dorsal horn neurons was greater in mice with OAH than in control mice in response to the intrathecal administration of the primary neurotransmitters glutamate and substance P. After mice were treated with an established protocol consisting of the implantation of morphine pellets followed by removal after 6 days, the mice were hyperalgesic as assessed with the hotplate and Hargreaves thermal paw withdrawal assays. Mechanical allodynia was also demonstrated. The intrathecal injection of either glutamate (5-25 micro g) or substance P (0.02-0.1 nmol) caused greater pain behaviors in mice with OAH than in control mice. Likewise, it was observed that the dorsal horn regions of OAH mice had more Fos-positive nuclei after either glutamate or substance P administration than did control mice. We conclude that mice with OAH exhibit increased pain behaviors and have increased numbers of Fos-positive nuclei in response to intrathecal glutamate and substance P administration when compared with control mice. Thus, spinal sensitization to primary neurotransmitters may be responsible in part for the manifestation of OAH. IMPLICATIONS Opioids are a mainstay of treatment for many types of chronic pain. These studies provide evidence that the hyperalgesia induced by chronic opioid administration may be in part to spinal neuroplastic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Li
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Department of Anesthesiology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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