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Gao L, Zhang AP, Fu L, Li QW, Qin XM, Zhao J. Huangqin decoction attenuates spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain by modulating microglial M1/M2 polarization partially mediated by intestinal nicotinamide metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155594. [PMID: 38614040 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of neuropathic pain is progressively increasing over time. The activation of M1-type microglia plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of neuropathic pain. Huangqin Decoction (HQD) is traditionally used to alleviate dysentery and abdominal pain. However, it remains unclear whether HQD can effectively mitigate neuropathic pain and the underlying mechanisms. PURPOSE The present study aims to investigate the impact of HQD on neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury (SNI) in mice, and to elucidate whether the analgesic effect of HQD is associated with microglia polarization. METHODS The analgesic effect of HQD on SNI mice was investigated through assessments of mechanical pain threshold, thermal pain threshold, cold pain threshold, and motor ability. We elucidated the molecular mechanisms of HQD in alleviating SNI-induced neuropathic pain by focusing on microglia polarization and intestinal metabolite abnormalities. The expression levels of markers associated with microglia polarization (Iba-1, CD68, CD206, iNOS) was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot, and the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α) were assessed by ELISA. UPLC-QTOF-MS metabolomics was utilized to identify differential metabolites in the intestines of SNI mice. We screened the differential metabolites related to microglial polarization by correlation analysis, subsequently nicotinamide was selected for validation in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that HQD (20 g/kg) significantly enhanced the mechanical pain threshold, thermal pain threshold, and cold pain threshold, and protected the injured DRG neurons of SNI mice. Moreover, HQD (20 g/kg) obviously suppressed the expression of microglia M1 polarization markers (Iba-1, CD68, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α), and promoted the expression of microglia M2 polarization markers (CD206, IL-10, IL-4) in the spinal cord of SNI mice. Additionally, HQD (20 g/kg) prominently ameliorated intestinal barrier damage by upregulating Claudin 1 and Occludin expression in the colon of SNI mice. Furthermore, HQD (20 g/kg) rectified 19 metabolite abnormalities in the intestine. Notably, nicotinamide (100 μM), an amide derivative with anti-inflammatory property, effectively suppresses microglia activation and polarization in LPS-induced BV-2 cells by downregulating IL-6 level and CD68 expression while upregulating IL-4 level and CD206 expression. CONCLUSION In summary, HQD alleviates neuropathic pain in SNI mice by regulating the activation and polarization of microglia, partially mediated through intestinal nicotinamide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Ai-Ping Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Lei Fu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Qian-Wen Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, UK, London.
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Gao L, Zhao JX, Qin XM, Zhao J. The ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi attenuates complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain by suppression of P2X3 receptor. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116762. [PMID: 37301308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) is a perennial herb with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities, which is traditionally used to treat inflammation of respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract, abdominal cramps, bacterial and viral infections. Clinically, it is often used to treat inflammatory-related diseases. Research has shown that the ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SGE) has anti-inflammatory effect, and its main components baicalin and baicalein have analgesic effects. However, the mechanism of SGE in relieving inflammatory pain has not been deeply studied. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of SGE on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain rats, and to investigate whether its effect on relieving inflammatory pain is associated with regulation of P2X3 receptor. MATERIALS AND METHODS The analgesic effects of SGE on CFA-induced inflammatory pain rats were evaluated by measuring mechanical pain threshold, thermal pain threshold, and motor coordination ability. The mechanisms of SGE in relieving inflammatory pain were explored by detecting inflammatory factors levels, NF-κB, COX-2 and P2X3 expression, and were further verified by addition of P2X3 receptor agonist (α, β me-ATP). RESULTS Our results revealed that SGE can notably increase the mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold of CFA-induced inflammatory pain rats, and markedly alleviate the pathological damage in DRG. SGE could suppress the release of inflammatory factors including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and restrain the expression of NF-κB, COX-2 and P2X3. Moreover, α, β me-ATP further exacerbated the inflammatory pain of CFA-induced rats, while SGE could markedly raise the pain thresholds and relieve inflammatory pain. SGE could attenuate the pathological damage, inhibit P2X3 expression, inhibit the elevation of inflammatory factors caused by α, β me-ATP. SGE can also inhibit NF-κB and ERK1/2 activation caused by α, β me-ATP, and inhibit the mRNA expression of P2X3, COX-2, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in DRG of rats induced by CFA coupled with α, β me-ATP. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our research indicated that SGE could alleviate CFA-induced inflammatory pain by suppression of P2X3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China; The Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Jin-Xia Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China; The Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China; The Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, UK, London.
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Wu YY, Wang Q, Zhang PA, Zhu C, Xu GY. miR-1306-3p directly activates P2X3 receptors in primary sensory neurons to induce visceral pain in rats. Pain 2023; 164:1555-1565. [PMID: 36633528 PMCID: PMC10281022 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mounting evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in various pathophysiological conditions and diseases, but the physiological roles of extracellular miRNAs on the disease-related ion channels remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that miR-1306-3p evoked action potentials and induced inward currents of the acutely isolated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The miR-1306-3p-induced effects were significantly inhibited by A317491, a potent inhibitor of the P2X3 receptor (P2X3R), or disappeared after the knockdown of P2X3Rs in DRG neurons. We further identified R180, K315, and R52 as the miR-1306-3p interaction sites on the extracellular domain of P2X3Rs, which were distinct from the orthosteric ATP-binding sites. Intrathecal injection of miR-1306-3p produced visceral pain but not somatic pain in normal control rats. Conversely, intrathecal application of a miR-1306-3p antagomir and A317491 significantly alleviated visceral pain in a rat model of chronic visceral pain. Together, our findings suggest that miR-1306-3p might function as an endogenous ligand to activate P2X3Rs, eventually leading to chronic visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ping-An Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Wang H, Zhang F, Xu TW, Xu Y, Tian Y, Wu Y, Xu J, Hu S, Xu G. DNMT1 involved in the analgesic effect of folic acid on gastric hypersensitivity through downregulating ASIC1 in adult offspring rats with prenatal maternal stress. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1678-1689. [PMID: 36852448 PMCID: PMC10173708 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Gastric hypersensitivity (GHS) is a characteristic pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia (FD). DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1) are associated with GHS induced by prenatal maternal stress (PMS). The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of DNMT1 mediating the analgesic effect of folic acid (FA) on PMS-induced GHS. METHODS GHS was quantified by electromyogram recordings. The expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, and ASIC1 were detected by western blot, RT-PCR, and double-immunofluorescence. Neuronal excitability and proton-elicited currents of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were determined by whole-cell patch clamp recordings. RESULTS The expression of DNMT1, but not DNMT3a or DNMT3b, was decreased in DRGs of PMS rats. FA alleviated PMS-induced GHS and hyperexcitability of DRG neurons. FA also increased DNMT1 and decreased ASIC1 expression and sensitivity. Intrathecal injection of DNMT1 inhibitor DC-517 attenuated the effect of FA on GHS alleviation and ASIC1 downregulation. Overexpression of DNMT1 with lentivirus not only rescued ASIC1 upregulation and hypersensitivity, but also alleviated GHS and hyperexcitability of DRG neurons induced by PMS. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that increased DNMT1 contributes to the analgesic effect of FA on PMS-induced GHS by reducing ASIC1 expression and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of NeuroscienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application TechnologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Fu‐Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of NeuroscienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Timothy W. Xu
- Suzhou Academy of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Cheng Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of NeuroscienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yuan‐Qing Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of NeuroscienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yan‐Yan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of NeuroscienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Ji‐Tian Xu
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyCollege of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shufen Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of NeuroscienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Guang‐Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of NeuroscienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
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Presti-Silva SM, Herlinger AL, Martins-Silva C, Pires RGW. Biochemical and behavioral effects of rosmarinic acid treatment in an animal model of Parkinson's disease induced by MPTP. Behav Brain Res 2023; 440:114257. [PMID: 36526017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. The main therapeutic approach available nowadays relieves motor symptoms but does not prevent or stop neurodegeneration. Rosmarinic acid (RA), an ester of caffeic and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acids, is obtained from numerous plant species such as Salvia officinalis L. (sage) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary). This compound has a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, and could be an additional therapy for neurodegenerative disorders. Here we evaluated the potential neuroprotective effects of RA treatment in a murine model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Mice were separated into four groups: CN, Control/saline; RA, Rosmarinic acid/vehicle; MPTP, MPTP/saline; MPTP+RA, MPTP/RA. RA (20 mg/kg, or vehicle) was administered orally by intra-gastric gavage for 14 days, one hour before MPTP or saline injection. MPTP groups received the drug (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) once a day for five days (fourth to the eighth day of the experiment). MPTP-treated animals displayed hyperlocomotion behavior, which was significantly prevented by RA treatment. In addition, RA treatment increased dopaminergic signaling in the parkinsonian mice and improved the monoaminergic system in healthy animals. Analysis of alterations in the striatal mRNA expression of dopaminergic system components showed that MAO-A expression was increased in the MPTP+AR group. Overall, this study brings new evidence of the potential neuroprotective properties of RA not only in preventing behavioral features observed in PD, but also by improving neurotransmission in the healthy brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Martins Presti-Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Alice Laschuk Herlinger
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Martins-Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Rita Gomes Wanderley Pires
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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Li S, Zheng Y, Xiao L, Lan S, Xiang J, Liao L, Lin Y, Ye Y. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2-associated changes in pharmacokinetics, locomotor function and peripheral glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels during acute alcohol intoxication in male mice. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:551-558. [PMID: 36256704 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The insufficiency of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has been consistently associated with high blood acetaldehyde levels and impaired locomotor function during acute alcohol intoxication. The ALDH2-associated change in peripheral glutamic acid (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and its correlation with pharmacokinetics and psychomotor function remain unclear. In this study, ALDH2*2 mice were used to build an acute alcohol intoxication model after intraperitoneal administration. The blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations were analyzed to generate concentration-time curves at two doses of alcohol (2.0 and 4.0 g/kg). The dose of 4.0 g/kg was selected in accordance with the preliminary behavioral evaluation result to perform the following behavioral tests (e.g. the rotarod test, the open field test, and the Y-maze test), so as to assess locomotor activity, anxiety and cognitive ability. Plasma Glu and GABA levels were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results suggested that the ALDH2*2 mice had highly accumulated acetaldehyde levels, impaired locomotor activity and anxiety-like emotion but unimpaired cognitive function, compared to the wild type (WT) mice. The plasma Glu level and the ratio of Glu/GABA in the alcohol-treated WT and ALDH2*2 groups decreased from 2 to 5 h after intraperitoneal administration, whereas the GABA level did not change significantly. The blood alcohol concentration in the WT and ALDH2*2 mice was positively correlated with plasma Glu level, whereas the blood acetaldehyde level was found as the opposite. We speculate that the decline degree of Glu/GABA ratio could be associated with psychomotor retardation and needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songfan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzi Zheng
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengnan Lan
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linchuan Liao
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Neuroprotective effect of chia seed oil nanoemulsion against rotenone induced motor impairment and oxidative stress in mice model of Parkinson’s disease. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tang B, Zeng W, Song LL, Wang HM, Qu LQ, Lo HH, Yu L, Wu AG, Wong VKW, Law BYK. Extracellular Vesicle Delivery of Neferine for the Attenuation of Neurodegenerative Disease Proteins and Motor Deficit in an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010083. [PMID: 35056140 PMCID: PMC8779383 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, which are secreted by the cell. With their role in drug cargo loading, exosomes have been applied to carry compounds across the blood–brain barrier in order to target the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, high-purity exosomes isolated by the ultra-high-speed separation method were applied as the natural compound carrier, with the loading efficiency confirmed by UHPLC-MS analysis. Through the optimization of various cargo loading methods using exosomes, this study compared the efficiency of different ways for the separation of exosomes and the exosome encapsulation of natural compounds with increasing molecular weights via extensive in vitro and in vivo efficacy studies. In a pharmacokinetic study, our data suggested that the efficiency of compound’s loading into exosomes is positively correlated to its molecular weight. However, with a molecular weight of greater than 1109 Da, the exosome-encapsulated natural compounds were not able to pass through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In vitro cellular models confirmed that three of the selected exosome-encapsulated natural compounds—baicalin, hederagenin and neferine—could reduce the level of neurodegenerative disease mutant proteins—including huntingtin 74 (HTT74), P301L tau and A53T α-synuclein (A53T α-syn)—more effectively than the compounds alone. With the traditional pharmacological role of the herbal plant Nelumbo nucifera in mitigating anxiety, exosome-encapsulated-neferine was, for the first time, reported to improve the motor deficits of APP/PS1 (amyloid precursor protein/ presenilin1) double transgenic mice, and to reduce the level of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain when compared with the same concentration of neferine alone. With the current trend in advocating medicine–food homology and green healthcare, this study has provided a rationale from in vitro to in vivo for the encapsulation of natural compounds using exosomes for the targeting of BBB permeability and neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (B.T.); (W.Z.); (L.L.S.); (H.M.W.); (L.Q.Q.); (H.H.L.)
| | - Wu Zeng
- Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (B.T.); (W.Z.); (L.L.S.); (H.M.W.); (L.Q.Q.); (H.H.L.)
| | - Lin Lin Song
- Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (B.T.); (W.Z.); (L.L.S.); (H.M.W.); (L.Q.Q.); (H.H.L.)
| | - Hui Miao Wang
- Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (B.T.); (W.Z.); (L.L.S.); (H.M.W.); (L.Q.Q.); (H.H.L.)
| | - Li Qun Qu
- Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (B.T.); (W.Z.); (L.L.S.); (H.M.W.); (L.Q.Q.); (H.H.L.)
| | - Hang Hong Lo
- Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (B.T.); (W.Z.); (L.L.S.); (H.M.W.); (L.Q.Q.); (H.H.L.)
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.Y.); (A.G.W.)
| | - An Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.Y.); (A.G.W.)
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (B.T.); (W.Z.); (L.L.S.); (H.M.W.); (L.Q.Q.); (H.H.L.)
- Correspondence: (V.K.W.W.); (B.Y.K.L.)
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (B.T.); (W.Z.); (L.L.S.); (H.M.W.); (L.Q.Q.); (H.H.L.)
- Correspondence: (V.K.W.W.); (B.Y.K.L.)
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Pereira JR, da Fonseca AG, de Sena Fernandes LL, Furtado AA, da Silva VC, da Veiga Júnior VF, Sant'Ana AEG, Oliveira CN, Guerra GCB, de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa M, Gavioli EC, Oliveira-Costa JF, Soares MBP, de Lima ÁAN, de Melo Silva D, Moura Lemos TMA. Toxicological and pharmacological effects of pentacyclic triterpenes rich fraction obtained from the leaves of Mansoa hirsuta. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112478. [PMID: 34872801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mansoa hirsuta is a medicinal plant native to the Brazilian semi-arid region. This approach aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity and anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of the M. hirsuta fraction (MHF). In vitro cell viability was assessed in 3T3 cells. In vivo, the acute toxicity test, a single dose of the MHF was administered. For the subchronic toxicity test, three doses of were administered for 30 days. Locomotion and motor coordination were assessed using open field and rota-rod. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in carrageenan-induced paw edema and zymosan-induced air-pouch models. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and total proteins were also measured. The antinociceptive activity MHF was determined using acid acetic-induced abdominal writhing and formalin models. In the cytotoxicity assay, MHF showed no significative impairment of cell viability and in the acute toxicity study, did not cause mortality or signs of toxicity. Repeated exposure to MHF did not cause relevant toxicological changes. The evaluation in the open field test showed that the MHF did not alter the locomotor activity and there was no change in motor coordination and balance of animals. MHF significantly reduced edema, MPO production, the migration of leukocytes and protein leakage. In addition, MHF reduced abdominal writhing and significantly inhibited the first and second stage of the formalin test. The results of this study indicated that MHF has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential without causing acute or subchronic toxic effects and it can be a promising natural source to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joquebede Rodrigues Pereira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Aldilane Gonçalves da Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Luzia Leiros de Sena Fernandes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Allanny Alves Furtado
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório Escola de Farmácia Industrial, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Costa da Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Centro de Biociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Valdir Florêncio da Veiga Júnior
- Chemical Engineering Department, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-270, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Euzébio Goulart Sant'Ana
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Maceió, AL 57072-970, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Nunes Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Centro de Biociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório Escola de Farmácia Industrial, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Centro de Biociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil
| | - José Fernando Oliveira-Costa
- State Health Secretary, Pharmaceutical Assistance Directory, Salvador, Bahia 41233-015, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- State Health Secretary, Pharmaceutical Assistance Directory, Salvador, Bahia 41233-015, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Ádley Antonini Neves de Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório Escola de Farmácia Industrial, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Daniel de Melo Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Telma Maria Araújo Moura Lemos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
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10
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Ren C, He KJ, Hu H, Zhang JB, Dong LG, Li D, Chen J, Mao CJ, Wang F, Liu CF. Induction of Parkinsonian-Like Changes via Targeted Downregulation of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 in the Striatum. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 12:295-314. [PMID: 34719508 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous investigations have suggested that decreased expression of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) is involved in glutamate excitotoxicity and contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), GLT-1 is decreased in animal models of PD. GLT-1 is mainly expressed in astrocytes, and the striatum is a GLT-1-rich brain area. OBJECTIVE The aim was to explore the function and mechanism of astrocytic GLT-1 in PD-like changes. METHODS In the study, PD-like changes and their molecular mechanism in rodents were tested by a behavioral assessment, micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), western blotting, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining, and high performance liquid chromatography pre-column derivatization with O-pthaldialdehida after downregulating astrocytic GLT-1 in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS In vivo, after 6 weeks of brain stereotactic injection of adeno-associated virus into the striatum, rats in the astrocytic GLT-1 knockdown group showed poorer motor performance, abnormal gait, and depression-like feature; but no olfactory disorders. The results of micro-PET/CT and western blotting indicated that the dopaminergic system was impaired in astrocytic GLT-1 knockdown rats. Similarly, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive immune-staining in neurons of astrocytic GLT-1 knockdown rats showed deficit in cell count. In vitro, knockdown of astrocytic GLT-1 via RNA interference led to morphological injury of TH-positive neurons, which may be related to the abnormal calcium signal induced by glutamate accumulation after GLT-1 knockdown. Furthermore, the GLT-1 agonist ceftriaxone showed a protective effect on TH-positive neuron impairment. CONCLUSION The present findings may shed new light on the future prevention and treatment of PD based on blocking glutamate excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Kai-Jie He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Guo Dong
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Neurology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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11
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Güzelad Ö, Özkan A, Parlak H, Sinen O, Afşar E, Öğüt E, Yıldırım FB, Bülbül M, Ağar A, Aslan M. Protective mechanism of Syringic acid in an experimental model of Parkinson’s disease. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1003-1014. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
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12
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Güzelad Ö, Özkan A, Parlak H, Sinen O, Afşar E, Öğüt E, Yıldırım FB, Bülbül M, Ağar A, Aslan M. Protective mechanism of Syringic acid in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1003-1014. [PMID: 33666819 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a widely used chemical to model Parkinson's disease (PD) in rats. Syringic acid (SA) is a polyphenolic compound which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective role of SA in a rat model of 6-OHDA-induced PD. Parkinson's disease was created by injection of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle via stereotaxic surgery. Syringic acid was administered daily by oral gavage, before or after surgery. All groups were tested for locomotor activity, rotarod performance and catatony. Dopamine levels in SN were determined by an optimized multiple reaction monitoring method using ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The immunoreactivities for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by immunohistochemistry in frozen substantia nigra (SN) sections. Nitrite/nitrate levels, iNOS protein, total oxidant (TOS) and total antioxidant (TAS) status were assayed in SN tissue by standard kits. Motor dysfunction, impaired nigral dopamine release, increased iNOS expression and elevated nitrite/nitrate levels induced by 6-OHDA were significantly restored by SA treatment. Syringic acid significantly improved the loss of nigral TH-positive cells, while increasing TAS capacity and reducing TOS capacity in SN of PD rats. These data conclude that SA is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of 6-OHDA-induced rat model of PD. Syringic acid reduced the progression of PD via its neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Güzelad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Özkan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hande Parlak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Osman Sinen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ebru Afşar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Eren Öğüt
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, 34734, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatoş Belgin Yıldırım
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bülbül
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aysel Ağar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical School, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
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13
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Wang Y, Li C, Zhang X, Kang X, Li Y, Zhang W, Chen Y, Liu Y, Wang W, Ge M, Du L. Exposure to PM2.5 aggravates Parkinson's disease via inhibition of autophagy and mitophagy pathway. Toxicology 2021; 456:152770. [PMID: 33823232 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extensive health studies had declared that exposure to particulate matter (PM) was closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases, i.e. Parkinson's disease (PD). Our aim was to clarify the potential molecular mechanism by which PM2.5 aggravated PD symptoms using in vitro and in vivo PD models. In this study, PC12 cells treated with rotenone (1 μM) and/or PM2.5 (50 μg/mL) for 4 days was used as the in vitro model. C57BL/6 J mice expored to PM2.5 (inhalation, 2.5 mg/kg) and rotenone (intraperitoneal injection, 30 mg/kg) for 28 days was used as the in vivo model. Rapamycin was used to promote the level of autophagy. The results showed that after exposure to PM2.5, the apoptosis of rotenone-treated PC12 cells were increased by increasing the ROS levels and decreasing the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential. In rotenone-treated PC12 cells, exposure to PM2.5 could decrease the expression levels of LC3II and Atg5, and increase the expression level of mTOR, suggesting that PM2.5 exposure inhibited autophagy. Furthermore, the mitophagy related genes, including PINK1 and Parkin, were decreased. At the same time, inhalation of PM2.5 could relieve the behavioral abnormalities of PD mouse induced by rotenone. The levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were significantly increased. Inhalation of PM2.5 could induce the oxidative stress and apoptosis in the substantia nigra of PD mouse, as well as the key markers of autophagy and mitophagy were also changed, which was consistent with the cell model. Besides, rapamycin would relieve the damaging effect of PM2.5 by triggering autophagy and mitophagy in rotenone-induced PD models. These results indicated that exposure to PM2.5 aggravated the behavioral abnormalities of PD symptoms through increasing oxidative stress, decreasing autophagy and mitophagy, and inducing mitochondria-mediated neuronal apoptosis. These findings not only revealed the effects and mechanism of PM2.5 exposure on PD, but also provided fundamental data that can be exploited to develop environmental safety policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changjian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yaru Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Libo Du
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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14
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Sarti AC, Vultaggio-Poma V, Falzoni S, Missiroli S, Giuliani AL, Boldrini P, Bonora M, Faita F, Di Lascio N, Kusmic C, Solini A, Novello S, Morari M, Rossato M, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P, Di Virgilio F. Mitochondrial P2X7 Receptor Localization Modulates Energy Metabolism Enhancing Physical Performance. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab005. [PMID: 35330818 PMCID: PMC8788778 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Basal expression of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) improves mitochondrial metabolism, Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, and overall fitness of immune and non-immune cells. We investigated P2X7R contribution to energy metabolism and subcellular localization in fibroblasts (mouse embryo fibroblasts and HEK293 human fibroblasts), mouse microglia (primary brain microglia, and the N13 microglia cell line), and heart tissue. The P2X7R localizes to mitochondria, and its lack (1) decreases basal respiratory rate, ATP-coupled respiration, maximal uncoupled respiration, resting mitochondrial potential, mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ level, (2) modifies expression pattern of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, and (3) severely affects cardiac performance. Hearts from P2rx7-deleted versus wild-type mice are larger, heart mitochondria smaller, and stroke volume, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and cardiac output, are significantly decreased. Accordingly, the physical fitness of P2X7R-null mice is severely reduced. Thus, the P2X7R is a key modulator of mitochondrial energy metabolism and a determinant of physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Clara Sarti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of
Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | | | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of
Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of
Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Giuliani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of
Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Paola Boldrini
- Center of Electronic Microscopy, University of
Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of
Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Francesco Faita
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research
Council, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Nicole Di Lascio
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research
Council, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research
Council, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular, and
Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Salvatore Novello
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical
Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical
Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Marco Rossato
- Department of Medicine, University of
Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of
Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of
Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of
Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy,Address correspondence to F.D.V. (e-mail:
)
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15
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Iyaswamy A, Krishnamoorthi SK, Liu YW, Song JX, Kammala AK, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Malampati S, Tong BCK, Selvarasu K, Cheung KH, Lu JH, Tan JQ, Huang CY, Durairajan SSK, Li M. Yuan-Hu Zhi Tong Prescription Mitigates Tau Pathology and Alleviates Memory Deficiency in the Preclinical Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:584770. [PMID: 33192524 PMCID: PMC7663173 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory dysfunction, Aβ plaques together with phosphorylated tau-associated neurofibrillary tangles. Unfortunately, the present existing drugs for AD only offer mild symptomatic cure and have more side effects. As such, developments of effective, nontoxic drugs are immediately required for AD therapy. Present study demonstrates a novel role of Chinese medicine prescription Yuan-Hu Zhi Tong (YZT) in treating AD, and it has substantiated the in vivo effectiveness of YZT in two different transgenic mice models of AD, namely P301S tau and 3XTg-AD mice. Oral treatment of YZT significantly ameliorates motor dysfunction as well as promotes the clearance of aggregated tau in P301S tau mice. YZT improves the cognitive function and reduces the insoluble tau aggregates in 3XTg-AD mice model. Furthermore, YZT decreases the insoluble AT8 positive neuron load in both P301S tau and 3XTg-AD mice. Using microarray and the "Connectivity Map" analysis, we determined the YZT-induced changes in expression of signaling molecules and revealed the potential mechanism of action of YZT. YZT might regulate ubiquitin proteasomal system for the degradation of tau aggregates. The research results show that YZT is a potential drug candidate for the therapy of tau pathogenesis and memory decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iyaswamy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S K Krishnamoorthi
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y W Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J X Song
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - A K Kammala
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S G Sreenivasmurthy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Malampati
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - B C K Tong
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K Selvarasu
- Division of Mycobiology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
| | - K H Cheung
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J H Lu
- State Key Lab of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - J Q Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - C Y Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S S K Durairajan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Division of Mycobiology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
| | - M Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Transglutaminase 2 Depletion Attenuates α-Synuclein Mediated Toxicity in Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 441:58-64. [PMID: 32502569 PMCID: PMC8024061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is a key pathogenic protein in α-synucleinopathies including Parkinson disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies. The aggregation of α-Syn is believed to be deleterious and a critical step leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. One of the factors that may contribute to the initial steps of this aggregation is crosslinking through transglutaminase 2 (TG2). We previously demonstrated that overexpression of TG2 exacerbates α-Syn toxicity in mice and yeast by increasing the higher-order species of α-Syn. Herein, we investigated whether deletion of the TG2 encoding gene could mitigate the toxicity of α-Syn in vivo. Compared with α-Syn transgenic (SynTg) mice, TG2 null /α-Syn transgenic mice (TG2KO/SynTg) exhibited a reduced amount of phosphorylated α-Syn aggregates and fewer proteinase K-resistant α-Syn aggregates in sections of brain tissue. Neuritic processes that are depleted in SynTg mice compared to wild-type mice were preserved in double TG2KO/SynTg mice. Additionally, the neuroinflammatory reaction to α-Syn was attenuated in TG2KO/SynTg animals. These neuropathological markers of diminished α-Syn toxicity in the absence of TG2 were associated with better motor performance on the rotarod and balance beam. These results suggest that deleting TG2 reduces the toxicity of α-Syn in vivo and improves the behavioral performance of SynTg mice. Accordingly, these findings collectively support pharmacological inhibition of TG2 as a potential disease modifying therapeutic strategy for α-synucleinopathies.
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17
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Grigoruţă M, Martínez-Martínez A, Dagda RY, Dagda RK. Psychological Stress Phenocopies Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Motor Deficits as Observed in a Parkinsonian Rat Model. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:1781-1798. [PMID: 31836946 PMCID: PMC7125028 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychological distress is a public health issue as it contributes to the development of human diseases including neuropathologies. Parkinson's disease (PD), a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by multiple factors including aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and/or stressors. In PD, a substantial loss of substantia nigra (SN) neurons leads to rigid tremors, bradykinesia, and chronic fatigue. Several studies have reported that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is altered in PD patients, leading to an increase level of cortisol which contributes to neurodegeneration and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that chronic psychological distress induces PD-like symptoms and promotes neurodegeneration in wild-type (WT) rats and exacerbates PD pathology in PINK1 knockout (KO) rats, a well-validated animal model of PD. We measured the bioenergetics profile (oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis) in the brain by employing an XF24e Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer in young rats subjected to predator-induced psychological distress. In addition, we analyzed anxiety-like behavior, motor function, expression of antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial content, and neurotrophic factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain. Overall, we observed that psychological distress diminished up to 50% of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) derived from both WT and PINK1-KO rats. Mechanistically, the level of antioxidant proteins, mitochondrial content, and BDNF was significantly altered. Finally, psychological distress robustly induced anxiety and Parkinsonian symptoms in WT rats and accelerated certain symptoms of PD in PINK1-KO rats. For the first time, our collective data suggest that psychological distress can phenocopy several aspects of PD neuropathology, disrupt brain energy production, as well as induce ataxia-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grigoruţă
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.
| | - Raul Y Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Ruben K Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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Farmer K, Abd-Elrahman KS, Derksen A, Rowe EM, Thompson AM, Rudyk CA, Prowse NA, Dwyer Z, Bureau SC, Fortin T, Ferguson SSG, Hayley S. mGluR5 Allosteric Modulation Promotes Neurorecovery in a 6-OHDA-Toxicant Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1418-1431. [PMID: 31754998 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a loss of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons and depletion of dopamine. To date, current therapeutic approaches focus on managing motor symptoms and trying to slow neurodegeneration, with minimal capacity to promote neurorecovery. mGluR5 plays a key role in neuroplasticity, and altered mGluR5 signaling contributes to synucleinopathy and dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease. Here, we tested whether the mGluR5-negative allosteric modulator, (2-chloro-4-[2[2,5-dimethyl-1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl] imidazol-4-yl] ethynyl] pyridine (CTEP), would be effective in improving motor deficits and promoting neural recovery in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mouse model. Lesions were induced by 6-ODHA striatal infusion, and 30 days later treatment with CTEP (2 mg/kg) or vehicle commenced for either 1 or 12 weeks. Animals were subjected to behavioral, pathological, and molecular analyses. We also assessed how long the effects of CTEP persisted, and finally, using rapamycin, determined the role of the mTOR pathway. CTEP treatment induced a duration-dependent improvement in apomorphine-induced rotation and performance on rotarod in lesioned mice. Moreover, CTEP promoted a recovery of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fibers and normalized FosB levels in lesioned mice. The beneficial effects of CTEP were paralleled by an activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the striatum of lesioned mice. The mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin (sirolimus), abolished CTEP-induced neurorecovery and rescue of motor deficits. Our findings indicate that mTOR pathway is a useful target to promote recovery and that mGluR5 allosteric regulators may potentially be repurposed to selectively target this pathway to enhance neuroplasticity in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Farmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alexa Derksen
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Elyn M Rowe
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Ashley M Thompson
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Christopher A Rudyk
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Natalie A Prowse
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Zachary Dwyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Samantha C Bureau
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Teresa Fortin
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Kandil EA, Sayed RH, Ahmed LA, Abd El Fattah MA, El-Sayeh BM. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and nuclear-related receptor 1 as targets for neuroprotection by albendazole in a rat rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1141-1150. [PMID: 31408200 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and nuclear receptor related-1 (Nurr1) play pivotal roles in the development and survival of dopaminergic neurons, and deficiencies in these genes may be involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Recently, anthelminthic benzimidazoles were shown to promote HIF-1α transcription in vitro and were proposed to activate Nurr1 via their benzimidazole group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effects of albendazole (ABZ), an anthelminthic benzimidazole, in a rotenone model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rotenone (1.5 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into rats every other day for a period of 21 days, resulting in the development of the essential features of PD. In addition to rotenone, ABZ (10 mg/kg) was administered orally starting from the 11th day. Treatment of rats with ABZ markedly mitigated rotenone-induced histological alterations in substantia nigra (SN), restored striatal dopamine (DA) level and motor functions and decreased the expression of α-synuclein (a disease marker protein). ABZ also enhanced expression of Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in the SN along with its downstream target, vascular endothelial growth factor, promoting neuronal survival. Similarly, ABZ augmented nuclear receptor related-1 (Nurr1) expression in the SN and increased transcriptional activation of Nurr1-controlled genes, which are essential for regulation of DA synthesis; additionally, expression of neurotoxic proinflammatory cytokines that induce neuronal death was suppressed. In conclusion, the present study suggests that ABZ exerts a neuroprotective effect in a rotenone-induced PD model associated with HIF-1α and Nurr1 activation and thus may be a viable candidate for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa A Kandil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai A Abd El Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bahia M El-Sayeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sun Q, Zhang BY, Zhang PA, Hu J, Zhang HH, Xu GY. Downregulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase contributes to diabetic neuropathic pain through upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 in rats. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919838659. [PMID: 30838902 PMCID: PMC6487759 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919838659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Diabetic neuropathic pain is a refractory and disabling complication of diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of the diabetic neuropathic pain is still unclear, and treatment is insufficient. The aim of this study is to investigate the roles of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in neuropathic pain in rats with diabetes. Methods Type 1 diabetes model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 75 mg/kg) in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency of rats were measured by von Frey filaments and thermal radiation, respectively. The expressions of G6PD and TLR4 in L4-L6 dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) were measured by western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry was employed to detect expressions of G6PD and TLR4 and co-location of G6PD with TLR4. Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of G6PD in DRGs were significantly decreased in diabetic rats when compared with age-matched control rats. Upregulation of G6PD by intrathecal injection of G6PD overexpression adenovirus markedly attenuated hindpaw pain hypersensitivity of diabetic rats. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4 in DRGs of diabetic rats were significantly increased when compared with control rats. Intrathecal injection of TLR4-selective inhibitor CLI-095 attenuated diabetic pain in dose- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, G6PD and TLR4 were co-localized in DRG neurons. Intrathecal injection of G6PD overexpression adenovirus greatly reduced TLR4 expression, while intrathecal injection of CLI-095 had no significant effect on G6PD expression in diabetic rats. Conclusions Our results suggest that decrease in G6PD expression was involved in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, which was most likely through upregulation of TLR4 expression in the DRGs of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,2 Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Yu Zhang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ping-An Zhang
- 2 Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ji Hu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hong Zhang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- 2 Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
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Samal J, Rebelo AL, Pandit A. A window into the brain: Tools to assess pre-clinical efficacy of biomaterials-based therapies on central nervous system disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:68-145. [PMID: 30710594 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic conveyance into the brain is a cardinal requirement for treatment of diverse central nervous system (CNS) disorders and associated pathophysiology. Effectual shielding of the brain by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) sieves out major proportion of therapeutics with the exception of small lipophilic molecules. Various nano-delivery systems (NDS) provide an effective solution around this obstacle owing to their small size and targeting properties. To date, these systems have been used for several pre-clinical disease models including glioma, neurodegenerative diseases and psychotic disorders. An efficacy screen for these systems involves a test battery designed to probe into the multiple facets of therapeutic delivery. Despite their wide application in redressing various disease targets, the efficacy evaluation strategies for all can be broadly grouped into four modalities, namely: histological, bio-imaging, molecular and behavioural. This review presents a comprehensive insight into all of these modalities along with their strengths and weaknesses as well as perspectives on an ideal design for a panel of tests to screen brain nano-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Samal
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ana Lucia Rebelo
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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23
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Synergistic neuroprotection by coffee components eicosanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamide and caffeine in models of Parkinson's disease and DLB. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E12053-E12062. [PMID: 30509990 PMCID: PMC6304960 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813365115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylated α-synuclein in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is a characteristic neuropathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The catalytic subunit of the specific phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) that dephosphorylates α-synuclein, is hypomethylated in these brains, thereby impeding the assembly of the active trimeric holoenzyme and reducing phosphatase activity. This phosphatase deficiency contributes to the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated α-synuclein, which tends to fibrillize more than unmodified α-synuclein. Eicosanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamide (EHT), a fatty acid derivative of serotonin found in coffee, inhibits the PP2A methylesterase so as to maintain PP2A in a highly active methylated state and mitigates the phenotype of α-synuclein transgenic (SynTg) mice. Considering epidemiologic and experimental evidence suggesting protective effects of caffeine in PD, we sought, in the present study, to test whether there is synergy between EHT and caffeine in models of α-synucleinopathy. Coadministration of these two compounds orally for 6 mo at doses that were individually ineffective in SynTg mice and in a striatal α-synuclein preformed fibril inoculation model resulted in reduced accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein, preserved neuronal integrity and function, diminished neuroinflammation, and improved behavioral performance. These indices were associated with increased levels of methylated PP2A in brain tissue. A similar profile of greater PP2A methylation and cytoprotection was found in SH-SY5Y cells cotreated with EHT and caffeine, but not with each compound alone. These findings suggest that these two components of coffee have synergistic effects in protecting the brain against α-synuclein-mediated toxicity through maintenance of PP2A in an active state.
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24
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Rodriguez-Perez AI, Sucunza D, Pedrosa MA, Garrido-Gil P, Kulisevsky J, Lanciego JL, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Antagonists Protect Against Alpha-Synuclein-Induced Neuroinflammation and Dopaminergic Neuron Death. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:1063-1081. [PMID: 29987762 PMCID: PMC6277291 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons and α-synuclein accumulation are major hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD), and it has been suggested that a major mechanism of α-synuclein toxicity is microglial activation. The lack of animal models that properly reproduce PD, and particularly the underlying synucleinopathy, has hampered the clarification of PD mechanisms and the development of effective therapies. Here, we used neurospecific adeno-associated viral vectors serotype 9 coding for either the wild-type or mutated forms of human alpha-synuclein (WT and SynA53T, respectively) under the control of a synapsin promoter to further induce a marked dopaminergic neuron loss together with an important microglial neuroinflammatory response. Overexpression of neuronal alpha-synuclein led to increased expression of angiotensin type 1 receptors and NADPH oxidase activity, together with a marked increase in the number of OX-6-positive microglial cells and expression of markers of phagocytic activity (CD68) and classical pro-inflammatory/M1 microglial phenotype markers such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, and IL-6. Moreover, a significant decrease in the expression of markers of immunoregulatory/M2 microglial phenotype such as the enzyme arginase-1 was constantly observed. Interestingly, alpha-synuclein-induced changes in microglial phenotype markers and dopaminergic neuron death were inhibited by simultaneous treatment with the angiotensin type 1 blockers candesartan or telmisartan. Our results suggest the repurposing of candesartan and telmisartan as a neuroprotective strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Diego Sucunza
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Neurosciences Division, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Maria A Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
| | - Jose L Lanciego
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Neurosciences Division, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain.
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Novello S, Arcuri L, Dovero S, Dutheil N, Shimshek DR, Bezard E, Morari M. G2019S LRRK2 mutation facilitates α-synuclein neuropathology in aged mice. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 120:21-33. [PMID: 30172844 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillization of α-synuclein is instrumental for the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), thus modulating this process can have profound impact on disease initiation/progression. Here, the impact of the p.G2019S mutation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), which is most frequently associated with familial and sporadic PD, on α-synuclein pathology was investigated. G2019S knock-in mice and wild-type controls were injected with a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector serotype 2/9 (AAV2/9) overexpressing human mutant p.A53T α-synuclein (AAV2/9-hα-syn). Control animals were injected with AAV2/9 carrying green fluorescent protein. Motor behavior, transgene expression, α-syn and pSer129 α-syn load, number of nigral dopamine neurons and density of striatal dopaminergic terminals were evaluated. To investigate the effect of aging, experiments were performed in 3- and 12-month-old mice, evaluated 20 and 12 weeks after virus injection, respectively. hα-syn overexpression induced progressive motor deficits, loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and striatal terminals, and appearance of proteinase K-resistant aggregates of pSer129 α-syn in both young and old mice. Although no genotype difference was observed in 3-month-old mice, degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons was higher in 12-month-old G2019S knock-in mice compared with age-matched wild-type controls (-55% vs -39%, respectively). Consistently, a two-fold higher load of pSer129 α-syn aggregates was found in 12-month-old G2019S knock-in mice. We conclude that G2019S LRRK2 facilitates α-synucleinopathy and degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons, and that aging is a major determinant of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Novello
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, National Institute of Neuroscience, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ludovico Arcuri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, National Institute of Neuroscience, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandra Dovero
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Dutheil
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Derya R Shimshek
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, National Institute of Neuroscience, Ferrara, Italy.
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Turnes JDM, Bassani TB, Souza LC, Vital MABF. Ineffectiveness of saxagliptin as a neuroprotective drug in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 70:1059-1068. [PMID: 29766510 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether the drug saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor which is utilized for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, has neuroprotective effects in the animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (weighing 280-300 g) received a bilateral infusion of 6-OHDA in the substantia nigra. Twenty-four hours later, they were treated with saxagliptin (1 mg/kg, p.o) once daily, for 21 days. The motor function was evaluated using the open field and rotarod (RT) tests. In addition, cognition was assessed with the novel object recognition test (ORT). After the evaluation of the behavioural tests, the animals were transcardially perfused to perform immunohistochemistry staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). KEY FINDINGS Saxagliptin impaired the memory of animals in the sham group. CONCLUSIONS Saxagliptin treatment did not exhibit neuroprotection and it did not improve the cognitive and motor deficits in the 6-OHDA model of PD. Interestingly, when saxagliptin was administered to the sham animals, a cognitive decline was observed. Therefore, this drug should be investigated as a possible treatment for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle de Melo Turnes
- Pharmacology Department, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Taysa Bervian Bassani
- Pharmacology Department, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Leonardo C Souza
- Pharmacology Department, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maria A B F Vital
- Pharmacology Department, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Cenci MA, Crossman AR. Animal models of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2018; 33:889-899. [PMID: 29488257 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological mechanisms of l-dopa-induced motor complications is dependent on our ability to investigate these phenomena in animal models of Parkinson's disease. The most common motor complications consist in wearing-off fluctuations and abnormal involuntary movements appearing when plasma levels of l-dopa are high, commonly referred to as peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia. Parkinsonian models exhibiting these features have been well-characterized in both rodent and nonhuman primate species. The first animal models of peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia were produced in monkeys lesioned with N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and treated chronically with l-dopa to elicit choreic movements and dystonic postures. Seminal studies were performed in these models using both metabolic mapping and electrophysiological techniques, providing fundamental pathophysiological insights that have stood the test of time. A decade later, it was shown possible to reproduce peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in rats and mice rendered parkinsonian with nigrostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. When treated with l-dopa, these animals exhibit abnormal involuntary movements having both hyperkinetic and dystonic components. These models have enabled molecular- and cellular-level investigations into the mechanisms of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia. A flourishing literature using genetically engineered mice is now unraveling the role of specific genes and neural circuits in the development of l-dopa-induced motor complications. Both non-human primate and rodent models of peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia have excellent construct validity and provide valuable tools for discovering therapeutic targets and evaluating potential treatments. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Cenci
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Arcuri L, Novello S, Frassineti M, Mercatelli D, Pisanò CA, Morella I, Fasano S, Journigan BV, Meyer ME, Polgar WE, Brambilla R, Zaveri NT, Morari M. Anti-Parkinsonian and anti-dyskinetic profiles of two novel potent and selective nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor agonists. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:782-796. [PMID: 29232769 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We previously showed that nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide (NOP) receptor agonists attenuate the expression of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in animal models of Parkinson's disease. We now investigate the efficacy of two novel, potent and chemically distinct NOP receptor agonists, AT-390 and AT-403, to improve Parkinsonian disabilities and attenuate dyskinesia development and expression. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Binding affinity and functional efficacy of AT-390 and AT-403 at the opioid receptors were determined in radioligand displacement assays and in GTPγS binding assays respectively, conducted in CHO cells. Their anti-Parkinsonian activity was evaluated in 6-hydroxydopamine hemi-lesioned rats whereas the anti-dyskinetic properties were assessed in 6-hydroxydopamine hemi-lesioned rats chronically treated with levodopa. The ability of AT-403 to inhibit the D1 receptor-induced phosphorylation of striatal ERK was investigated. KEY RESULTS AT-390 and AT-403 selectively improved akinesia at low doses and disrupted global motor activity at higher doses. AT-403 palliated dyskinesia expression without causing sedation in a narrow therapeutic window, whereas AT-390 delayed the appearance of abnormal involuntary movements and increased their duration at doses causing sedation. AT-403 did not prevent the priming to levodopa, although it significantly inhibited dyskinesia on the first day of administration. AT-403 reduced the ERK phosphorylation induced by SKF38393 in vitro and by levodopa in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NOP receptor stimulation can provide significant albeit mild anti-dyskinetic effect at doses not causing sedation. The therapeutic window, however, varies across compounds. AT-403 could be a potent and selective tool to investigate the role of NOP receptors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Arcuri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Neuroscience Center and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Novello
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Neuroscience Center and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Frassineti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Neuroscience Center and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Mercatelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Neuroscience Center and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Clarissa Anna Pisanò
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Neuroscience Center and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Morella
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Neuroscience Center and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Sun Y, Yang PP, Song ZY, Feng Y, Hu DM, Hu J, Xu GY, Zhang HH. α-lipoic acid suppresses neuronal excitability and attenuates colonic hypersensitivity to colorectal distention in diabetic rats. J Pain Res 2017; 10:1645-1655. [PMID: 28769585 PMCID: PMC5529097 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s135017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Patients with long-standing diabetes often demonstrate intestinal dysfunction, characterized as constipation or colonic hypersensitivity. Our previous studies have demonstrated the roles of voltage-gated sodium channels NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in colonic hypersensitivity of rats with diabetes. This study was designed to determine roles of antioxidant α-lipoic acid (ALA) on sodium channel activities and colonic hypersensitivity of rats with diabetes. METHODS Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in adult female rats. Colonic sensitivity was measured by behavioral responses to colorectal distention in rats. The excitability and sodium channel currents of colon projection DRG neurons labeled with DiI were measured by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. The expressions of NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 of colon DRGs were measured by western blot analysis. RESULTS ALA treatment significantly increased distention threshold in responding to colorectal distension in diabetic rats compared with normal saline treatment. ALA treatment also hyper-polarized the resting membrane potentials, depolarized action potential threshold, increased rheobase, and decreased frequency of action potentials evoked by ramp current stimulation. Furthermore, ALA treatment also reduced neuronal sodium current densities of DRG neurons innervating the colon from rats with diabetes. In addition, ALA treatment significantly downregulated NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 expression in colon DRGs from rats with diabetes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ALA plays an analgesic role, which was likely mediated by downregulation of NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 expressions and functions, thus providing experimental evidence for using ALA to treat colonic hypersensitivity in patients with diabetic visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Pan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The East District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Duan-Min Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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30
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Hewitt BM, Yap MH, Hodson-Tole EF, Kennerley AJ, Sharp PS, Grant RA. A novel automated rodent tracker (ART), demonstrated in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 300:147-156. [PMID: 28414047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generating quantitative metrics of rodent locomotion and general behaviours from video footage is important in behavioural neuroscience studies. However, there is not yet a free software system that can process large amounts of video data with minimal user interventions. NEW METHOD Here we propose a new, automated rodent tracker (ART) that uses a simple rule-based system to quickly and robustly track rodent nose and body points, with minimal user input. Tracked points can then be used to identify behaviours, approximate body size and provide locomotion metrics, such as speed and distance. RESULTS ART was demonstrated here on video recordings of a SOD1 mouse model, of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aged 30, 60, 90 and 120days. Results showed a robust decline in locomotion speeds, as well as a reduction in object exploration and forward movement, with an increase in the time spent still. Body size approximations (centroid width), showed a significant decrease from P30. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) ART performed to a very similar accuracy as manual tracking and Ethovision (a commercially available alternative), with average differences in coordinate points of 0.6 and 0.8mm, respectively. However, it required much less user intervention than Ethovision (6 as opposed to 30 mouse clicks) and worked robustly over more videos. CONCLUSIONS ART provides an open-source option for behavioural analysis of rodents, performing to the same standards as commercially available software. It can be considered a validated, and accessible, alternative for researchers for whom non-invasive quantification of natural rodent behaviour is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Hewitt
- School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK; School of Biology & Conservation Ecology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Moi Hoon Yap
- School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma F Hodson-Tole
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Paul S Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robyn A Grant
- School of Biology & Conservation Ecology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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Maniyath SP, Solaiappan N, Rathinasamy M. Neurobehavioural Changes in a Hemiparkinsonian Rat Model Induced by Rotenone. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:AF01-AF05. [PMID: 28511367 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24955.9604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor is used as a neurotoxin agent to reproduce the neuropathological, and behavioural feature of Parkinson's Disease (PD) in rat. Due to acute and chronic exposure of rotenone with various doses through different routes of administration, mortality is being reported. Low dose takes a longer duration to produce PD symptoms in animals. This present study was designed to create hemiparkinsonian 'partial' lesion model by rotenone at a single moderate dose in two sites of striatum in albino rats and also to assess its toxicity by behavioural parameters and by microscopic study. AIM To assess all the motor deficits in lesioned animals that are due to the depletion of dopaminergic neurons or its terminals, the lesioned animals were administered with anti-parkinsonian drug, Levodopa which should counteract motor deficits in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The unilateral partially lesioned PD model was induced by rotenone stereotaxically into two sites of striatum of male Wistar albino rats at a dosage of 25 μg of rotenone/site. Rats were tested for its neurobehavioural activity on 7th day, 14th day, 21st day and on 30th day after rotenone infusion and compared with the sham group and sacrificed on 21st and 30th day for microscopic studies. L-DOPA was administered from 21st day to 30th day after lesion and compared with the lesioned group for the motor performance and sacrificed on 30th day for histology. Statistical analysis using One-way Analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test was applied for behavioural studies. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that the signs and symptoms like motor in-coordination and postural disturbances are highly significant (p<0.05) on 14th and 21st day after administration of rotenone when compared to sham group. In L-DOPA treated rats, all the motor deficits were reversed. The neuronal cell death was minimal and sprouting of nerve terminals was detected. In lesioned group, the degeneration of nerve terminals and striatal neurons were in progressive manner. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that intrastriatal infusion of rotenone at a moderate dose could be used for producing hemiparkinsonian partially lesioned animal model without any mortality. Hence, this model is suitable for evaluating behavioural studies and in drug screening programs even for a long term study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narayanan Solaiappan
- Retired Professor, Department of Anatomy, Perundurai Medical College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wu AG, Zeng W, Wong VKW, Zhu YZ, Lo AC, Liu L, Law BYK. Hederagenin and α-hederin promote degradation of proteins in neurodegenerative diseases and improve motor deficits in MPTP-mice. Pharmacol Res 2017; 115:25-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effects of (−)-sesamin on motor and memory deficits in an MPTP-lesioned mouse model of Parkinson’s disease treated with l-DOPA. Neuroscience 2016; 339:644-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sampaio TB, Pinton S, da Rocha JT, Gai BM, Nogueira CW. Involvement of BDNF/TrkB signaling in the effect of diphenyl diselenide on motor function in a Parkinson's disease rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 795:28-35. [PMID: 27915043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)2] is a compound with pharmacological proprieties, such as antidepressant and neuroprotective. Therefore, this study investigated whether (PhSe)2 reverses motor impairment and neurochemical alterations in a model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rats. For this, male Wistar rats received 20μg/3μl of 6-OHDA or vehicle into the right striatum. Three weeks later, animals were subjected to rotational behavioral test induced by D-amphetamine and randomly divided into four groups: Sham; (PhSe)2; 6-OHDA and 6-OHDA+(PhSe)2. The rats received (PhSe)2 (1mg/kg/day; i.g.) or vehicle (canola oil) during 30 days. After treatment, behavioral tests were performed in order to evaluate the motor function and the ipsilateral striatal tissue was collected for immunoblotting assay. (PhSe)2 treatment restored the normal motor behavior of 6-OHDA-infused rats in the cylinder, stepping and bridge tests, but not in the rotarod test. The 6-OHDA infusion and/or (PhSe)2 treatment did not alter the muscle strength and spontaneous locomotion in the forelimb support and open-field tests, respectively. Additionally, striatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), proBDNF and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats were decreased, while the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) levels were increased. (PhSe)2 treatment restored striatal proBDNF, TrkB and TH levels. Thus, (PhSe)2 treatment reversed some motor impairment and TH levels in a 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease in rats, demonstrating a potential neurorestorative role. Additionally, the BDNF/TrkB signaling recovery can be involved in its neurorestorative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuane Bazanella Sampaio
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Pinton
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, CEP 97500-970 RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Bibiana Mozzaquatro Gai
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra - ICET, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, CEP 78060-900 MT, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 RS, Brazil
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Ozkan A, Parlak H, Tanriover G, Dilmac S, Ulker SN, Birsen I, Agar A. The protective mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid in mouse model of Parkinson: The role of hemeoxygenase. Neurochem Int 2016; 101:S0197-0186(16)30159-0. [PMID: 27984168 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Its major clinical symptoms are tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid for neural functions that resides within the neural membrane. A decline in fatty acid concentration is observed in case of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. The present study aimed to explore the role of the heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme in protective effects of DHA administration in an experimental model of PD by using the neurotoxin 1-Methly-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Three-month old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups as Control, DHA-treated (DHA), MPTP-injected (MPTP) and DHA-treated + MPTP injected (DHA + MPTP). DHA was administered daily (36 mg kg-1 day-1) by gavage to DHA and DHA + MPTP groups for 30 days. On the 23rd day of DHA administration, MPTP was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 4 × 20 mg kg-1 with 2-hr. intervals. Motor activities of mice were evaluated by pole test, locomotor activity and rotarod tests on the 7th day of the utilization of experimental Parkinson's model. Total brain tissues were used in immunohistochemical analysis of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Nuclear factor E2 related factor2 (Nrf2). SN tissues were extracted for biochemical analysis. HO-1 and HO-2 protein levels were detected by western blotting. Further, HO activity was measured by spectrophotometric assay. As an indicator of motor coordination and balance, the rotarod test at 40 rpm showed that MPTP-treated animals exhibited shorter time on the rotating rod mill, which was significantly increased by DHA treatment in DHA + MPTP group. The total locomotor activity, ambulatory movement and total distance were decreased in MPTP group, whereas they were improved upon DHA treatment. The results of the pole test indicating the intensity of the bradykinesia showed that the T-turn and T-total were increased in MPTP group, while DHA treatment significantly shortened both parameters. The number of TH-positive cells in SN was significantly reduced in MPTP group compared to the Control and DHA + MPTP groups. Also, immunoreactive Nrf2 levels were clearly increased in MPTP group compared to DHA + MPTP group. HO-1 expression level decreased in the DHA + MPTP group compared to MPTP group. The results of the present study indicated that DHA has protective effects on dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced experimental model of PD. In addition, the pathways of HO-1 and HO-2 might participate in this protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ozkan
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Hande Parlak
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriover
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sayra Dilmac
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Ilknur Birsen
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aysel Agar
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
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Khatri DK, Juvekar AR. Neuroprotective effect of curcumin as evinced by abrogation of rotenone-induced motor deficits, oxidative and mitochondrial dysfunctions in mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 150-151:39-47. [PMID: 27619637 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from rhizomes of Curcuma longa (turmeric), a plant in the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) has been used worldwide and extensively in Southeast Asia. Curcumin exhibited numerous biological and pharmacological activities including potent antioxidant, cardiovascular disease, anticancer, anti-inflammatory effects and neurodegenerative disorders in cell cultures and animal models. Hence, the present study was designed in order to explore the possible neuroprotective role of curcumin against rotenone induced cognitive impairment, oxidative and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice. Chronic administration of rotenone (1mg/kg i.p.) for a period of three weeks significantly impaired cognitive function (actophotometer, rotarod and open field test), oxidative defense (increased lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration and decreased activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione level) and mitochondrial complex (II and III) enzymes activities as compared to normal control group. Three weeks of curcumin (50, 100 and 200mg/kg, p.o.) treatment significantly improved behavioral alterations, oxidative damage and mitochondrial enzyme complex activities as compared to negative control (rotenone treated) group. Curcumin treated mice also mitigated enhanced acetylcholine esterase enzyme level as compared to negative control group. We found that curcumin restored motor deficits and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes suggesting its antioxidant potential in vivo. The findings of the present study conclude neuroprotective role of curcumin against rotenone induced Parkinson's in mice and offer strong justification for the therapeutic prospective of this compound in the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra K Khatri
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory-I, Dept. of Pharm. Sci. & Tech, Institute of Chemical Technology, (University under Section 3 of UGC Act- 1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence -Govt. of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), India
| | - Archana R Juvekar
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory-I, Dept. of Pharm. Sci. & Tech, Institute of Chemical Technology, (University under Section 3 of UGC Act- 1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence -Govt. of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), India.
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Arcuri L, Viaro R, Bido S, Longo F, Calcagno M, Fernagut PO, Zaveri NT, Calò G, Bezard E, Morari M. Genetic and pharmacological evidence that endogenous nociceptin/orphanin FQ contributes to dopamine cell loss in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 89:55-64. [PMID: 26804029 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether the endogenous neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) contributes to the death of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease, we undertook a genetic and a pharmacological approach using NOP receptor knockout (NOP(-/-)) mice, and the selective and potent small molecule NOP receptor antagonist (-)-cis-1-methyl-7-[[4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)piperidin-1-yl]methyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-5-ol (SB-612111). Stereological unbiased methods were used to estimate the total number of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra of i) NOP(-/-) mice acutely treated with the parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), ii) naïve mice subacutely treated with MPTP, alone or in combination with SB-612111, iii) rats injected with a recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector overexpressing human mutant p.A53T α-synuclein, treated with vehicle or SB-612111. NOP(-/-) mice showed a 50% greater amount of nigral dopamine neurons spared in response to acute MPTP compared to controls, which was associated with a milder motor impairment. SB-612111, given 4 days after MPTP treatment to mimic the clinical condition, prevented the loss of nigral dopamine neurons and striatal dopaminergic terminals caused by subacute MPTP. SB-612111, administered a week after the AAV injections in a clinically-driven protocol, also increased by 50% both the number of spared nigral dopamine neurons and striatal dopamine terminals, and prevented accompanying motor deficits induced by α-synuclein. We conclude that endogenous N/OFQ contributes to dopamine neuron loss in pathogenic and etiologic models of Parkinson's disease through NOP receptor-mediated mechanisms. NOP receptor antagonists might prove effective as disease-modifying agents in Parkinson's disease, through the rescue of degenerating nigral dopamine neurons and/or the protection of the healthy ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Arcuri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Neuroscience Center and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Viaro
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Human Physiology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Bido
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Neuroscience Center and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Neuroscience Center and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariangela Calcagno
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Neuroscience Center and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nurulain T Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutics, 320 Logue Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94040, USA
| | - Girolamo Calò
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Neuroscience Center and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Neuroscience Center and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Propensity of Hyoscyamus niger seeds methanolic extract to allay stereotaxically rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease symptoms in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-015-0202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Decreased entropy modulation of EEG response to novelty and relevance in schizophrenia during a P300 task. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:525-35. [PMID: 25164969 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of the interaction between novelty and relevance may be of interest to test the aberrant salience hypothesis of schizophrenia (SCH). In comparison with other neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography (EEG) provides high temporal resolution. Therefore, EEG is useful to analyze transient dynamics in neural activity, even in the range of milliseconds. In this study, EEG activity from 31 patients with SCH and 38 controls was analyzed using Shannon spectral entropy (SE) and median frequency (MF). The aim of the study was to quantify differences between distractor (i.e., novelty) and target (i.e., novelty and relevance) tones in an auditory oddball paradigm. Healthy controls displayed a larger SE decrease in response to target stimulus than in response to distractor tones. SE decrease was accompanied by a significant and widespread reduction of MF (i.e., a significant slowing of EEG activity). In comparison with controls, patients showed a significant reduction of changes in SE in response to both target and distractor tones. These differences were also observed in patients that only received a minimal treatment prior to EEG recording. Furthermore, significant changes in SE were inversely correlated to positive and total symptoms severity for SCH patients. Our findings support the notion that SCH is associated with a reduced response to both novelty and relevance during an auditory P300 task.
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The transfection of BDNF to dopamine neurons potentiates the effect of dopamine D3 receptor agonist recovering the striatal innervation, dendritic spines and motor behavior in an aged rat model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117391. [PMID: 25693197 PMCID: PMC4332861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive degeneration of the dopamine neurons of the pars compacta of substantia nigra and the consequent loss of the dopamine innervation of the striatum leads to the impairment of motor behavior in Parkinson's disease. Accordingly, an efficient therapy of the disease should protect and regenerate the dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra and the dopamine innervation of the striatum. Nigral neurons express Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) and dopamine D3 receptors, both of which protect the dopamine neurons. The chronic activation of dopamine D3 receptors by their agonists, in addition, restores, in part, the dopamine innervation of the striatum. Here we explored whether the over-expression of BDNF by dopamine neurons potentiates the effect of the activation of D3 receptors restoring nigrostriatal innervation. Twelve-month old Wistar rats were unilaterally injected with 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum. Five months later, rats were treated with the D3 agonist 7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propy1-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) administered i.p. during 4½ months via osmotic pumps and the BDNF gene transfection into nigral cells using the neurotensin-polyplex nanovector (a non-viral transfection) that selectively transfect the dopamine neurons via the high-affinity neurotensin receptor expressed by these neurons. Two months after the withdrawal of 7-OH-DPAT when rats were aged (24 months old), immunohistochemistry assays were made. The over-expression of BDNF in rats receiving the D3 agonist normalized gait and motor coordination; in addition, it eliminated the muscle rigidity produced by the loss of dopamine. The recovery of motor behavior was associated with the recovery of the nigral neurons, the dopamine innervation of the striatum and of the number of dendritic spines of the striatal neurons. Thus, the over-expression of BDNF in dopamine neurons associated with the chronic activation of the D3 receptors appears to be a promising strategy for restoring dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease.
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L-745,870 reduces the expression of abnormal involuntary movements in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat. Behav Pharmacol 2015; 26:101-8. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ye Y, Fang F, Li Y. Isolation of the sapogenin from defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera and its neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6175-6182. [PMID: 24909656 DOI: 10.1021/jf501166w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sasanqua saponin is a major active compound in the defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera but is always discarded without effective utilization. The sapogenin from hydrolysis of sasanqua saponin was purified, and its amination derivative was investigated on its neuroprotective effects, which were evaluated by animal models of Parkinson disease in mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The results showed that the sapogenin and its derivative increased dopamine content in striatum and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cells in substantia nigra and relieved inflammation and behavioral disorder, but the effect on movement was reversed by dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol and was not intervened by adenosine receptor antagonist CGS 15943. Molecular simulation showed the interaction between dopamine receptor and the sapogenin or its derivative. It is proven that the sapogenin can protect dopamine neurons through antineuroinflammation and activation of dopamine receptor rather than adenosine receptor, and its amination improves the effects. This research provides the prospective prodrugs for Parkinson disease and a new medicinal application of sasanqua saponin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Ganz J, Arie I, Buch S, Zur TB, Barhum Y, Pour S, Araidy S, Pitaru S, Offen D. Dopaminergic-like neurons derived from oral mucosa stem cells by developmental cues improve symptoms in the hemi-parkinsonian rat model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100445. [PMID: 24945922 PMCID: PMC4063966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving safe and readily accessible sources for cell replacement therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is still a challenging unresolved issue. Recently, a primitive neural crest stem cell population (hOMSC) was isolated from the adult human oral mucosa and characterized in vitro and in vivo. In this study we assessed hOMSC ability to differentiate into dopamine-secreting cells with a neuronal-dopaminergic phenotype in vitro in response to dopaminergic developmental cues and tested their therapeutic potential in the hemi-Parkinsonian rat model. We found that hOMSC express constitutively a repertoire of neuronal and dopaminergic markers and pivotal transcription factors. Soluble developmental factors induced a reproducible neuronal-like morphology in the majority of hOMSC, downregulated stem cells markers, upregulated the expression of the neuronal and dopaminergic markers that resulted in dopamine release capabilities. Transplantation of these dopaminergic-induced hOMSC into the striatum of hemi-Parkinsonian rats improved their behavioral deficits as determined by amphetamine-induced rotational behavior, motor asymmetry and motor coordination tests. Human TH expressing cells and increased levels of dopamine in the transplanted hemispheres were observed 10 weeks after transplantation. These results demonstrate for the first time that soluble factors involved in the development of DA neurons, induced a DA phenotype in hOMSC in vitro that significantly improved the motor function of hemiparkinsonian rats. Based on their neural-related origin, their niche accessibility by minimal-invasive procedures and their propensity for DA differentiation, hOMSC emerge as an attractive tool for autologous cell replacement therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ganz
- Neurosciences Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center-Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ina Arie
- Oral Biology Dept., School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sigal Buch
- Oral Biology Dept., School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Ben Zur
- Neurosciences Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center-Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Barhum
- Neurosciences Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center-Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sammy Pour
- Oral & Maxillofacial Dept., Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poria, Lower Galilee, Israel
| | - Shareef Araidy
- Oral & Maxillofacial Dept., Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poria, Lower Galilee, Israel
| | - Sandu Pitaru
- Oral Biology Dept., School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Offen
- Neurosciences Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center-Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Meredith GE, Rademacher DJ. MPTP mouse models of Parkinson's disease: an update. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2014; 1:19-33. [PMID: 23275799 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-2011-11023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the most widely used models of Parkinson's disease (PD) are those that employ toxins, especially 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Depending on the protocol used, MPTP yields large variations in nigral cell loss, striatal dopamine loss and behavioral deficits. Motor deficits do not fully replicate those seen in PD. Nonetheless, MPTP mouse models mimic many aspects of the disease and are therefore important tools for understanding PD. In this review, we will discuss the ability of MPTP mouse models to replicate the pathophysiology of PD, the mechanisms of MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, strain differences in susceptibility to MPTP, and the models' roles in testing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria E Meredith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA.
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Miao X, Meng X, Wu G, Ju Z, Zhang HH, Hu S, Xu GY. Upregulation of cystathionine-β-synthetase expression contributes to inflammatory pain in rat temporomandibular joint. Mol Pain 2014; 10:9. [PMID: 24490955 PMCID: PMC3917612 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gaseotransmitter/modulator, is becoming appreciated that it may be involved in a wide variety of processes including inflammation and nociception. However, the role for H2S in nociceptive processing in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neuron remains unknown. The aim of this study was designed to investigate whether endogenous H2S synthesizing enzyme cystathionine-β-synthetase (CBS) plays a role in inflammatory pain in temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Methods TMJ inflammatory pain was induced by injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into TMJ of adult male rats. Von Frey filaments were used to examine pain behavioral responses in rats following injection of CFA or normal saline (NS). Whole cell patch clamp recordings were employed on acutely isolated TG neurons from rats 2 days after CFA injection. Western blot analysis was carried out to measure protein expression in TGs. Results Injection of CFA into TMJ produced a time dependent hyperalgesia as evidenced by reduced escape threshold in rats responding to VFF stimulation. The reduced escape threshold was partially reversed by injection of O-(Carboxymethyl) hydroxylamine hemihydrochloride (AOAA), an inhibitor for CBS, in a dose-dependent manner. CFA injection led to a marked upregulation of CBS expression when compared with age-matched controls. CFA injection enhanced neuronal excitability as evidenced by depolarization of resting membrane potentials, reduction in rheobase, and an increase in number of action potentials evoked by 2 and 3 times rheobase current stimulation and by a ramp current stimulation of TG neurons innervating the TMJ area. CFA injection also led to a reduction of IK but not IA current density of TG neurons. Application of AOAA in TMJ area reduced the production of H2S in TGs and reversed the enhanced neural hyperexcitability and increased the IK currents of TG neurons. Conclusion These data together with our previous report indicate that endogenous H2S generating enzyme CBS plays an important role in TMJ inflammation, which is likely mediated by inhibition of IK currents, thus identifying a specific molecular mechanism underlying pain and sensitization in TMJ inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guang-Yin Xu
- The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang 215600, P,R, China.
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Li CY, Zhao LM, Shi XW, Zhang JD. Lobeline shows protective effects against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuron death and attenuates behavior deficits in animals. Exp Ther Med 2013; 7:375-378. [PMID: 24396408 PMCID: PMC3881066 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that lobeline effectively inhibited dopamine transporter (DAT)-mediated dopamine (DA) transportation. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether lobeline shows protective effects against neurotoxin-induced cell death in vivo. Mice were administered 30 mg/kg 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine (MPTP) and treated with 80 mg/kg L-dopa, 10 mg/kg GBR12935 or 1 or 3 mg/kg lobeline, respectively, via injection. Rotarod and swim tests as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry were carried out to evaluate the effects of these drugs. Compared with L-DA and GBR12935, lobeline (3 mg/kg administered via intraperitoneal injection) on behavior and dopaminergic neurons. Compared with L-DA and GBR12935, lobeline (3 mg/kg injected subcutaneously) significantly reduced MPTP induced locomotive deficits detected in behavioral tests. In addition, TH immunostaining showed that lobeline (3 mg/kg) markedly decreased the neurotoxin-induced immunoreactivity loss in the substantia nigra and striatum. Lobeline may be useful in the protection of dopaminergic neurons and may alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yue Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Wen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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Rodriguez-Perez AI, Dominguez-Meijide A, Lanciego JL, Guerra MJ, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Inhibition of Rho kinase mediates the neuroprotective effects of estrogen in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 58:209-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Dominguez-Meijide A, Villar-Cheda B, Garrido-Gil P, Sierrra-Paredes G, Guerra MJ, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Effect of chronic treatment with angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonists on striatal dopamine levels in normal rats and in a rat model of Parkinson's disease treated with L-DOPA. Neuropharmacology 2013; 76 Pt A:156-68. [PMID: 23973568 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT1) inhibition have been observed in a number of brain processes mediated by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, including Parkinson's disease. However, important counterregulatory interactions between dopamine and angiotensin systems have recently been demonstrated in several peripheral tissues, and it is possible that a decrease in dopamine levels due to AT1 inhibition may interfere with neuroprotective strategies. The present experiments involving rats with normal dopaminergic innervation indicate that chronic treatment with the AT1 antagonist candesartan does not significantly affect striatal levels of dopamine, serotonin or metabolites, as does not significantly affect motor behavior, as evaluated by the rotarod test. Interestingly, chronic administration of candesartan to normal rats induced a marked increase in dopamine D1 and a decrease in dopamine D2 receptor expression. In a rat model of Parkinson's disease treated with L-DOPA, no differences in striatal dopamine and serotonin levels were observed between candesartan-treated rats and untreated, which suggests that chronic treatment with candesartan does not significantly affect the process of L-DOPA decarboxylation and dopamine release in Parkinson's disease patients. Candesartan did not induce any differences in the striatal expression of dopamine D1 and D2 and serotonin 5-HT1B receptors in 6ydroxydopamine-lesioned rats treated with L-DOPA. The results suggest that chronic treatment with AT1 antagonists as a neuroprotective strategy does not significantly affect striatal dopamine release or motor behavior. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The Synaptic Basis of Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Meijide
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
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Chassain C, Bielicki G, Carcenac C, Ronsin AC, Renou JP, Savasta M, Durif F. Does MPTP intoxication in mice induce metabolite changes in the nucleus accumbens? A ¹H nuclear MRS study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:336-347. [PMID: 23059905 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using in vivo ¹H NMR spectroscopy in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, we previously showed that glutamate concentrations in the dorsal striatum were highest after dopamine denervation associated with an increase in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and (Gln) glutamine levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether the changes previously observed in the motor part of the striatum were reproduced in a ventral part of the striatum, the nucleus accumbens (NAc). This study was carried out on controls and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated mice. In vivo spectra were acquired for a voxel (8 μL) in the dorsal striatum, and in the NAc (1.56 μL). NMR acquisitions were first performed 10 days after the last MPTP injection in a basal condition [after saline intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection] and then in the same animal the week after basal NMR acquisitions, after acute levodopa administration (200 mg kg⁻¹, i.p.). Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the levels of (Glu) glutamate, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) isoform 67 in these two structures. The Glu, Gln and GABA concentrations obtained in the basal state were higher in the NAc of MPTP-intoxicated mice which have the higher dopamine denervation in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and in the dorsal striatum. Levodopa decreased the levels of these metabolites in MPTP-intoxicated mice to levels similar to those in controls. In parallel, immunohistochemical staining showed that glutamate, GS and GAD67 immunoreactivity increased in the dorsal striatum of MPTP-intoxicated mice and in the NAc for animals with a severe dopamine denervation in VTA. These findings strongly supported a hyperactivity of the glutamatergic cortico-striatal pathway and changes in glial activity when the dopaminergic denervation in the VTA and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) was severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Chassain
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service of Neurology, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Heuer A, Vinh NN, Dunnett SB. Behavioural recovery on simple and complex tasks by means of cell replacement therapy in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned mice. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1691-704. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heuer
- Brain Repair Group; School of Bioscience; Cardiff University; Cardiff; UK
| | - Ngoc-Nga Vinh
- Brain Repair Group; School of Bioscience; Cardiff University; Cardiff; UK
| | - Stephen B. Dunnett
- Brain Repair Group; School of Bioscience; Cardiff University; Cardiff; UK
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