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Hussain A, Ashique S, Afzal O, Altamimi MA, Malik A, Kumar S, Garg A, Sharma N, Farid A, Khan T, Altamimi ASA. A correlation between oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy: An updated review. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109650. [PMID: 37734426 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a cytopathic outcome of excessively generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), down regulated antioxidant defense signaling pathways, and the imbalance between the produced radicals and their clearance. It plays a role in the genesis of several illnesses, especially hyperglycemia and its effects. Diabetic retinal illness, a micro vascular side effect of the condition, is the prime reason of diabetic related blindness. The OS (directly or indirectly) is associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and related consequences. The OS is responsible to induce and interfere the metabolic signaling pathways to enhance influx of the polyol cascades and hexosamine pathways, stimulate Protein Kinase-C (PKC) variants, and accumulate advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Additionally, the inequity between the scavenging and generation of ROS is caused by the epigenetic alteration caused by hyperglycemia that suppresses the antioxidant defense system. Induced by an excessive buildup of ROS, retinal changes in structure and function include mitochondrial damage, cellular death, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend and clarify the mechanisms connected to oxidative stress that underlie the development of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pandaveswar School of Pharmacy, Pandaveswar, West Bengal, 713346, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shubneesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharat Institute of Technology, School of Pharmacy, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250103, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology (Pharmacy), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Graduate Assistant, Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Connecticut, UCONN, Storrs Campus, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Le DD, Min KH, Lee M. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities of Fractions and Constituents from Vicia tetrasperma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051044. [PMID: 37237910 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The young leaves and shoots of V. tetrasperma are consumed daily as cooked vegetables and can provide various health benefits. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of its total extract and fractions were accessed for the first time in this study. The bioactivities guided the separation of the active fraction (EtOAc), leading to the identification of nine flavonoid glycoside compositions from this plant for the first time. In addition, the fractions and all isolates were evaluated for their inhibition against NO and IL-8 production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 and HT-29 cell lines, respectively. The most active ingredient was further assayed for its inhibitory abilities to iNOS and COX-2 proteins. Indeed, its mechanisms of action modes were confirmed by Western blotting assays through the reduction in their expression levels. An in silico approach revealed the substantial binding energies of docked compounds into established complexes to verify their anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, the presence of active components in the plant was validated by an established method on the UPLC-DAD system. Our research has boosted the value of this vegetable's daily use and provided a therapeutic approach for the development of functional food products for health improvement regarding the treatment of oxidation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Dat Le
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Min
- School of Pharmacy and Institute of New Drug Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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Park JE, Han JS. HM-Chromanone Alleviates Hyperglycemia by Protecting Pancreatic Islet Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37083465 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of HM-chromanone (HMC) on alleviating hyperglycemia and protecting pancreatic β-cells from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced damage in C57BL/6J mice. HMC was administered to STZ-induced diabetic mice at 10 or 30 mg/kg, for 14 days. Thereafter, changes in fasting blood glucose levels, insulin-secretion, histopathological examination of pancreas islet cell and apoptotic protein levels, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were determined. The results revealed that HMC dose-dependently improved blood glucose concentrations and alleviated pancreatic islet cells damage. In diabetic mice, degeneration of the islet cells was observed wherein they appeared shrunken, with hyaline deterioration, nuclear dissolution, and condensation. However, morphology of the islet cell was restored, and nuclei were visibly rounded in the HMC (30 mg/kg)-administered diabetic mice. In addition, β-cell numbers were markedly increased in HMC mice compared to STZ-induced diabetic mice, and the number of cells stained with glucagon was decreased. HMC markedly decreased the expression of proapoptotic proteins and increased antiapoptotic proteins, and the number of apoptotic cells detected by TUNEL was elevated. HMC decreased expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in diabetic mice. Moreover, HMC increased antioxidant-enzymes activity, and decreased reactive oxygen species generation. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the potential of HMC to alleviate hyperglycemia by protecting the pancreatic β-cells in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Shosha MI, El-Ablack FZ, Saad EA. Glycine protects against doxorubicin-induced heart toxicity in mice. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03261-w. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDoxorubicin (DOXO) is a well-known cancer chemotherapeutic. However, its toxic effect on the heart limits its clinical application. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of glycine administration to counteract the DOXO-induction of cardiomyopathy in mice. Fifty male albino mice were divided into five groups (n = 10/group) as follows: control, DOXO, Gp100, Gp150, and Gp200. Histopathological examination of the heart, and biochemical examinations for heart function (creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 10 (IL-10)), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, nitric oxide (NO), and uric acid), kidney function (urea and creatinine), and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium) were carried out. Cardiomyopathy induced by DOXO treatment (15 mg/kg total dose) was ascertained via pathological alterations seen in heart tissue and verified biochemically via increases (P < 0.001) in CPK, LDH, AST, TNF-α, IL-10, MDA, NO, Na, and K levels along with decreases (P < 0.001) in GSH, SOD, catalase, and uric acid. Glycine co-treatment, using doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg, in a dose-dependent manner, displayed ameliorated heart architecture, significantly (P < 0.001) improved biochemical heart function tests, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, and controlled mineral levels. The positive actions of glycine in DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity amelioration via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and immunity are confirmed. Glycine antioxidative properties may be behind its positive outcomes. Finally, we present glycine as a worthy possible option against DOXO-induced heart damage after more validation.
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Li W, Cui Z, Jiang Y, Aisikaer A, Wu Q, Zhang F, Wang W, Bo Y, Yang H. Dietary Guanidine Acetic Acid Improves Ruminal Antioxidant Capacity and Alters Rumen Fermentation and Microflora in Rapid-Growing Lambs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030772. [PMID: 36979020 PMCID: PMC10044800 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanidine acetic acid (GAA) has been reported to improve growth performance, nutrient utilization, and meat quality in livestock. This study aimed to investigate whether coated GAA (CGAA) in comparison with uncoated GAA (UGAA) could have different effects on rumen fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and microflora composition in the rumen. Seventy-two lambs were randomly arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial experiment design with two diets of different forage type (OH: oaten hay; OHWS: oaten hay plus wheat silage) and three GAA treatments within each diet (control, diet without GAA addition; UGAA, uncoated GAA; CGAA, coated GAA). The whole feeding trial lasted for 120 days. The lambs in the OH group presented lower total volatile fatty acid (VFA), alpha diversity, Firmicutes, NK4A214_group, and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group than those on the OHWS diet in the last 60 days of the feeding stage (p < 0.05). Regardless of what GAA form was added, dietary GAA supplementation increased the total VFA, microbial crude protein (MCP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and antioxidant capacity in rumen during lamb feedlotting (p < 0.05). However, molar propionate proportion, acetate:propionate ratio (A:P), and relative Succiniclasticum abundance decreased with GAA addition in the first 60 days of the growing stage, while the molar butyrate proportion and NK4A214_group (p < 0.05) in response to GAA addition increased in the last 60 days of feeding. These findings indicated that dietary GAA enhanced antioxidant capacity and fermentation characteristics in the rumen, but the addition of uncoated GAA in diets might cause some dysbacteriosis of the rumen microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ailiyasi Aisikaer
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weikang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yukun Bo
- Zhangjiakou Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Institution, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Shu DY, Chaudhary S, Cho KS, Lennikov A, Miller WP, Thorn DC, Yang M, McKay TB. Role of Oxidative Stress in Ocular Diseases: A Balancing Act. Metabolites 2023; 13:187. [PMID: 36837806 PMCID: PMC9960073 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is a delicate balancing act of maintaining appropriate levels of antioxidant defense mechanisms and reactive oxidizing oxygen and nitrogen species. Any disruption of this balance leads to oxidative stress, which is a key pathogenic factor in several ocular diseases. In this review, we present the current evidence for oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in conditions affecting both the anterior segment (e.g., dry eye disease, keratoconus, cataract) and posterior segment (age-related macular degeneration, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma) of the human eye. We posit that further development of therapeutic interventions to promote pro-regenerative responses and maintenance of the redox balance may delay or prevent the progression of these major ocular pathologies. Continued efforts in this field will not only yield a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ocular diseases but also enable the identification of novel druggable redox targets and antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y. Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kin-Sang Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William P. Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David C. Thorn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Menglu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tina B. McKay
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Rawat K, Syeda S, Shrivastava A. A novel role of Tinospora cordifolia in amelioration of cancer-induced systemic deterioration by taming neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154488. [PMID: 36240606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has emerged as a systemic disease which targets various organs thus challenging the overall physiology of the host. Recently, we have shown that hyperactive neutrophils infiltrate various organs of tumor bearing host and contribute to gradual systemic deterioration. Therefore, taming neutrophils via potent immunomodulators could be an appropriate therapeutic approach in regulating systemic damage. Tinospora cordifolia (TC), an Ayurvedic panacea, is known for its immense medicinal values in traditional literature and recent reports have also documented its immunomodulatory potential. However, whether TC can regulate neutrophils to exert its therapeutic effectiveness has not been deciphered so far. METHODS For the in vivo study, we utilized murine model of Dalton's Lymphoma (DL). T. cordifolia extract (TCE) treatment was scheduled at early, mid and advanced stages of tumor growth at a dose of 400 mg/kg b.w for 30 consecutive days. Effect of TCE on neutrophil infiltration was examined by immunostaining. Neutrophil elastase (NE) level in serum, ascitic fluid and various tissues was monitored by ELISA. Further, qPCR was performed to assess transcripts levels of NE, myeloperoxidase (MPO), metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9) and cathepsin G (CSTG) in various tissues. ROS level in tissue was assessed by DHE staining and organ function was assessed by histology post TCE treatment. RESULTS Our findings showed that TC treatment significantly reduced neutrophil count in peripheral blood and their infiltration in vital organs of tumor-bearing host. Further, it ameliorated neutrophil hyperactivation by down regulating the expression of its key cargoes including NE, MPO, MMP-8, MMP-9 and CSTG at early and mid stage of tumor growth. In addition, TC treatment prevented histopathological alterations and restored the normal serum enzyme levels at different stages of tumor growth. Importantly, TC treatment also showed significant reduction in tumor burden which was accompanied by a remarkable increase in survival of the tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that T. cordifolia could limit systemic damage via regulating neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivation which can further lead to cancer control at both prophylactic and therapeutic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rawat
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anju Shrivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Liu R, Zhang M, Xu L, Liu J, Yang P, Li M, Qin J. Fluorescent advanced glycation end products in type 2 diabetes and its association with diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c, and diabetic complications. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1083872. [PMID: 36590223 PMCID: PMC9797537 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1083872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluorescent advanced glycation end products (fAGEs) are generated through the Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and amino compounds. fAGEs accumulation in human bodies have been confirmed to be related to many chronic diseases. To date, the correlations between serum fAGEs levels and clinical parameters or carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in patients with T2DM remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum AGEs levels and clinical parameters or CIMT in patients with T2DM. Method A total of 131 patients with diabetes and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Patients were divided into three groups according to diabetes duration, including ≤5, 5-10, and ≥10 years. Serum fAGEs, protein oxidation products, clinical parameters, and CIMT were determined. Results The result showed that levels of fAGEs and protein oxidation products increased with the increasing duration of diabetics. Pearson correlation coefficients of fAGEs versus hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were >0.5 in patients with diabetes duration ≥10 years. A continued increase in fAGEs might cause the increase of HbA1c, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) and CIMT in patients with T2DM. Conclusion Our study suggested that levels of fAGEs could be considered as an indicator for duration of diabetics and carotid atherosclerosis. Diabetes duration and smoking might have a synergistic effect on the increment of fAGEs levels, as evidence by the results of correlation analysis in patients with long-duration diabetics (≥10 years) and smoking. The determination of fAGEs might be helpful to advance our knowledge on the overall risk of complications in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,*Correspondence: Rui Liu,
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingjin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pingan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Jie Qin,
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Hypouricemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of Lactobacillus-based functional yogurt in induced-arthritic male Wistar rats: Therapeutic and protective potentials. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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López-Armas GC, Yessenbekova A, González-Castañeda RE, Arellano-Arteaga KJ, Guerra-Librero A, Ablaikhanova N, Florido J, Escames G, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Rusanova I. Role of c-miR-21, c-miR-126, Redox Status, and Inflammatory Conditions as Potential Predictors of Vascular Damage in T2DM Patients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1675. [PMID: 36139749 PMCID: PMC9495876 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vascular complications (VCs) is associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation and can result in endothelial dysfunctions. Circulating microRNAs play an important role in epigenetic regulation of the etiology of T2DM. We studied 30 healthy volunteers, 26 T2DM patients with no complications, and 26 T2DM patients with VCs, to look for new biomarkers indicating a risk of developing VCs in T2DM patients. Peripheral blood samples were used to determine redox state, by measuring the endogenous antioxidant defense system (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione reductase, GRd; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6DP) and markers of oxidative damage (advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP; lipid peroxidation, LPO). Additionally, inflammatory marker levels (IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α), c-miR-21, and c-miR-126 expression were analyzed. T2DM patients showed the highest oxidative damage with increased GSSG/GSH ratios, LPO, and AOPP levels. In both diabetic groups, we found that diminished SOD activity was accompanied by increased CAT and decreased GRd and G6PD activities. Diabetic patients presented with increased relative expression of c-miR-21 and decreased relative expression of c-miR-126. Overall, c-miR-21, SOD, CAT, and IL-6 had high predictive values for diabetes diagnoses. Finally, our data demonstrated that IL-6 exhibited predictive value for VC development in the studied population. Moreover, c-miR-21 and c-miR-126, along with GPx and AOPP levels, should be considered possible markers for VC development in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela C. López-Armas
- Departamento de Investigación y Extensión, Centro de Enseñanza Técnica Industrial, C. Nueva Escocia 1885, Guadalajara 44638, Mexico
| | - Arailym Yessenbekova
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Rocío E. González-Castañeda
- Laboratorio de Microscopia de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Kevin J. Arellano-Arteaga
- División de Medicina Interna, Nuevo Hospital Civil Juan I. Menchaca, Universidad de Guadalajara, Salvador Quevedo y Subieta 750, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Ana Guerra-Librero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Nurzhanyat Ablaikhanova
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Javier Florido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Iryna Rusanova
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18019 Granada, Spain
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Li C, Chen N, Zhang X, Shahzad K, Qi R, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Lu Y, Yu X, Zafar MH, Wang M, Liu W. Mixed silage with Chinese cabbage waste enhances antioxidant ability by increasing ascorbate and aldarate metabolism through rumen Prevotellaceae UCG-004 in Hu sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:978940. [PMID: 36090065 PMCID: PMC9459383 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.978940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silage is rich in nutrients, which can make up for the lack of seasonal roughage, and has a certain promotion effect on the intensive feeding of ruminants. In addition, silage can maintain the rumen function of ruminants to a certain extent and reduce the risk of rumen acidosis and abomasum translocation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the mixed silage of Chinese cabbage waste and rice straw (mixed silage) on antioxidant performance, rumen microbial population, and fermentation metabolism of Hu sheep. The 16 healthy Hu sheep (eight rams and eight ewes, 39.11 ± 1.16 kg, 5.5 months) were randomly divided into two groups (the control group and the mixed silage group) with eight animals (four rams and four ewes) in each group. The control group was fed with farm roughage (peanut seedlings, corn husk, and high grain shell) as forage, and the mixed silage group was fed with the mixed silage as forage. The results showed that the mixed silage had no effect on the growth performance of Hu sheep (p > 0.05). Ruminal butyric acid, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration in the mixed silage group were increased, whereas the pH was decreased (p < 0.05). The blood and rumen total antioxidants capacity (T-AOC) concentration in the mixed silage group was higher, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in rumen, serum, liver, and kidney was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). PCoA and ANOSIM results of Illumina sequencing indicated that the mixed silage affected the bacterial composition of the rumen microbes. The mixed silage increased the proportion of Prevotellaceae UCG-004 which was in a positive correlation with Vitamin C (Vc). In addition, PICRUSt functional prediction analysis showed that ascorbate and aldarate metabolism were up-regulated in the mixed silage group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, higher contents of VC and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the mixed silage were beneficial to the growth and reproduction of Prevotellaceae UCG-004, resulting in increased production of the butyric acid significantly upregulated the metabolism of ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, thereby improving the antioxidant properties of Hu sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Khuram Shahzad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ruxin Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenbin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | | | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Mengzhi Wang,
| | - Wujun Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Wujun Liu,
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12
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Arisha SM, Saif ME, Kandil EH. Histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on the ameliorative role of Cinnamon zeylanicum against high cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in the kidney of adult male albino rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10401. [PMID: 36090212 PMCID: PMC9449651 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important type of lipid as it is involved in the structure of cell membrane, synthesis of steroid hormones, bile acid and vitamin D. Many diseases affect various mammalian organs, including the kidney, as a result of high cholesterol levels (hypercholesterolemia). Cinnamon zeylanicum (C. zeylanicum) proves its efficiency as it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant prosperities. This study aimed to investigate the possible ameliorative role of C. zeylanicum on hypercholesterolemia-induced the renal toxicity in albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats were equally divided into four groups. The first group served as the control one. The second group was supplemented with C. zeylanicum powder (15% w/w) with the standard diet. The third group was fed high cholesterol diet (HCD) to induce acute hypercholesterolemia. The fourth group was fed HCD provided with C. zeylanicum powder (15% w/w). At the end of the experiment (8th weeks), kidneys were removed and prepared for histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructure studies. Rats-fed HCD showed degenerated glomeruli and tubular cells with vacuolated or coagulated cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. Moreover, the renal cortex ultrastructural examination showed degenerated podocytes, parietal and mesangial cells, as well as the proximal and distal tubular cells appeared with rarified cytoplasm, degenerated mitochondria, large fat vacuoles and complete damaged microvilli. The same group showed a significant increase in the expression of desmin and inducible nitric oxide synthase. On the other hand, animals fed HCD provided with C. zeylanicum showed an obvious improvement in the observed histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical changes. The architecture of the renal cortex appeared mostly similar to the control one. This study concluded that C. zeylanicum has a promising role in treating the nephron-toxicity of HCD due to its natural constituent that is responsible for its pharmaceutical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah M. Arisha
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Mona E. Saif
- Histopathology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Egypt
| | - Eman H. Kandil
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Arunachalam K, Yang X, San TT. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers: Protection mechanisms and strategies against oxidative stress-related diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114540. [PMID: 34509604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers (Menispermaceae) is a Mediterranean herb, used in Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, and folk medicines. The herb is also used in conventional medicine to treat oxidative stress-related diseases and conditions, including inflammation, pain, diarrhea, asthma, respiratory infections, cancer, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE REVIEW The taxonomy, botanical classification, geographical distribution, and ethnobotanical uses of T. cordifolia, as well as the phytochemical compounds found in the herb, the toxicology of and pharmacological and clinical studies on the effects of T. cordifolia are all covered in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS To gather information on T. cordifolia, we used a variety of scientific databases, including Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The information discussed focuses on biologically active compounds found in T. cordifolia, and common applications and pharmacological activity of the herb, as well as toxicological and clinical studies on its properties. RESULTS The findings of this study reveal a connection between the use of T. cordifolia in conventional medicine and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and other biological effects. The entire plant, stem, leaves, root, and extracts of T. cordifolia have been shown to have a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective impact. Toxicological testing demonstrated that this plant may have medicinal applications. T. cordifolia contains a variety of biologically active compounds from various chemical classes, including alkaloids, terpenoids, sitosterols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Based on the reports researched for this review, we believe that chemicals in T. cordifolia may activate Nrf2, which leads to the overexpression of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, GPx, GST, and GR, and thereby induces the adaptive response to oxidative stress. T. cordifolia is also able to reduce NF-κB signalling by inhibiting PI3K/Akt, activating AMPK and sirtuins, and downregulating PI3K/Akt. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the pharmacological properties displayed by T. cordifolia back up its conventional uses. Antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective activities were all demonstrated in T. cordifolia stem extracts. To validate pharmacodynamic targets, further research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of the known compounds against gastrointestinal diseases, inflammatory processes, and microbial infections, as immunostimulants, and in chemotherapy. The T. cordifolia safety profile was confirmed in a toxicological analysis, which prompted pharmacokinetic assessment testing to confirm its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
| | - Thae Thae San
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
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14
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Hajam YA, Rai S, Pandi-Perumal SR, Brown GM, Reiter RJ, Cardinali DP. Coadministration of Melatonin and Insulin Improves Diabetes-Induced Impairment of Rat Kidney Function. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:807-822. [PMID: 34673653 DOI: 10.1159/000520280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin and insulin coadministration in diabetes-induced renal injury in rats. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Diabetes was achieved by giving streptozotocin (15 mg/kg) for 6 consecutive days. The diabetic condition was confirmed by assessing the blood glucose level; animals having blood glucose levels above 250 mg were considered as diabetic. Following the confirmation, animals were randomly divided into different experimental groups, viz group I served as the control (CON), group II diabetic (D), group III D+melatonin (MEL), group IV D+insulin (INS), group V D+MEL+INS, group VI D+glibenclamide (GB), group VII CON+MEL, group VIII CON+INS, and group IX CON+GB. Following the completion of the experimental period, animals were sacrificed, blood was collected via a retro-orbital puncture, and kidneys were harvested. Diabetic rats exhibited a significant increment in blood glucose and biochemical indexes of renal injury (tubular disruption, swollen glomeruli with loss of glomerular spaces, and distortion of the endothelial lining) including augmented levels of serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, Na+, and K+, and inhibition/suppression of the activity of glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, GSH reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and GSH-S-transferase in the renal cortex. RESULTS By examining thiobarbiturate reactive substances, reduced GSH, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity in the renal cortex of control and diabetic rats, it was documented that treatment with melatonin or insulin alone or in combination showed a significant ad integrum recovery of GSH-dependent antioxidative enzymatic activities. Melatonin and insulin coadministration caused greater reductions in circulating tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor growth factor-β1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels in diabetic rats, whereas IL-10 levels increased, as compared to each treatment alone. Diabetic rats showed a significant increase in the expression of both MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor genes. Melatonin or insulin treatment alone or in combination resulted in significant restoration of the relative expression of both melatonin receptors in the renal cortex. CONCLUSION The coadministration of exogenous melatonin and insulin abolished many of the deleterious effects of type 1 diabetes on rat renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younis Ahmad Hajam
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidayalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
- Division Zoology, Department of Biosciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, India
| | - Seema Rai
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidayalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
| | - Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Somnogen Canada Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Gregory M Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Kamaraj B, Deepthi A, Kandasamy, Nelson, Deepak J, Gracelin. Evaluation of salivary alkaline phosphatase and glutathione peroxidase levels in diabetic and nondiabetic participants with and without smoking habits: A case–control study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S734-S738. [PMID: 36110669 PMCID: PMC9469444 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_65_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The majority of the current evidence suggests that tobacco smoking increases the risk of diabetes. Salivary alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) considered a biomarker to detect various oral diseases. Several studies suggest that smoking habits tend to alter ALP and GSHPx levels. However, at present, there is no much information about these enzymes in smokers with diabetes. Hence, the study aimed to evaluate the status of salivary ALP and GSHPx levels in diabetic and nondiabetic participants with and without smoking habits. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee. A total of 60 male participants between the age group 35–50 years were recruited. Informed consent was obtained from participants. Participants were categorized into four groups: Group I – Smokers with diabetes (n = 15), Group II – Smokers without diabetes (n = 15), Group III – Nonsmoker with diabetes (n = 15), and Group IV – Nonsmoker without diabetes (n = 15). Salivary ALP levels and GSHPx activity were measured by colorimetric assay. Data were compared between groups using the one-way analysis of variance, followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: Nonsmoker diabetic participants demonstrated significantly higher ALP levels as compared to other groups (P < 0.05). We observed significantly lower levels of ALP in smokers with diabetes (P < 0.05). We observed a significant decrease in GSHPx activity in smokers with diabetes compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Salivary ALP can be used as a clinical biomarker to be correlated for evaluating diabetes. GSHPx activity can be used to understand the response of supplementation therapy in smokers with diabetes.
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16
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Banik S, Ghosh A. The association of oxidative stress biomarkers with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e389. [PMID: 34622023 PMCID: PMC8485598 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there were controversial outcomes in the literature between the association of oxidative stress biomarkers and T2DM. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to critically examine the association of oxidative stress biomarkers with T2DM. METHODS We systematically searched different electronic databases including PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to find the relevant studies up to May 2021. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to define the variation between the study groups. RESULTS A total of 22 case-control studies with 2853 subjects (1667 diabetic patients and 1186 healthy controls) were found to be eligible for this meta-analysis. The pooled results of meta-analysis showed a significant difference in the levels malondialdehyde (SMD [95% CI]: 2.27 [1.62, 2.91]), nitric oxide (SMD [95% CI]: 1.40 [0.00, 2.81]), glutathione (SMD [95% CI]: -1.76 [-2.94, -0.59]), and total antioxidant status (SMD [95% CI]: -1.40 [-2.28, -0.51]) between the patient group and healthy subjects, whereas no significant difference was observed in the superoxide dismutase levels (SMD [95% CI]: -1.20 [-2.55, 0.15]) and glutathione peroxidase levels (SMD [95% CI]: 0.07 [-2.80, 2.94]). CONCLUSION The present analysis suggests that oxidative stress might have a potential role in the pathogenesis of T2DM in humans. However, further studies should be needed to elucidate the possible mechanism and strengthen this evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Banik
- Department of Pharmacy Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh
| | - Antara Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh
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17
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Fahmy R, Almutairi NM, Al-Muammar MN, Bhat RS, Moubayed N, El-Ansary A. Controlled diabetes amends oxidative stress as mechanism related to severity of diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17670. [PMID: 34480074 PMCID: PMC8417255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-accepted etiological mechanism that contributes to neuronal dysfunction. Role of oxidative stress as a mechanism of retinopathy in controlled type 2 diabetic patients was evaluated. Participants were divided into three groups: Group 1 as 30 normal eyes of 15 subjects, Group 2 comprised 24 eyes of 12 diabetic patients without retinopathy and Group 3 comprised 23 eyes of 12 diabetic patients with different grades of retinopathy (8 eyes with maculopathy). A complete ophthalmological examination was performed. Oxidative stress markers were measured in blood. Macular thickness was different in all quadrants among all groups and showed a tendency to increase in Group 3 due to diabetic retinopathy with insignificant changes in parapapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness although thinning was noted also with retinopathy. Non-significant differences in GST and lipid peroxide levels were observed between the three studied groups, whereas vitamin C and GSH levels were higher in diabetic patients when compared to those in controls. As oxidative stress, hyperglycemia and local inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of DR, the present study proved that the progressive damage can be retarded in controlled type 2 diabetic patients using different treatment modalities that abated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Fahmy
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nouf M Almutairi
- Department of Optometry, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - May N Al-Muammar
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nadine Moubayed
- Botany Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Obasi DC, Ogugua VN. GC-MS analysis, pH and antioxidant effect of Ruzu herbal bitters on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101057. [PMID: 34179519 PMCID: PMC8214189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the antioxidant effect of Ruzu herbal bitters (RHB) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats, the pH and the bioactive components of RHB using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Fifty-four adult albino rats were divided into nine groups of six rats each. Group 1 was the normal control. Groups 2-6 were diabetic. Group 2 was untreated positive control, while groups 3-6 were respectively treated with 5 mg/kg b. w of glibenclamide, 0.14, 0.29 and 0.57 ml/kg b. w of RHB for 21 days. Groups 7-9 were not diabetic but treated as in groups 4-6 respectively. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in the blood glucose level and significant (p < 0.05) decrease in weight in diabetic untreated group compared to the normal control. The oxidative stress parameters showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in the serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), with significant (p < 0.05) decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx); while there were significant (p < 0.05) increases in the levels of vitamin C (VIT C), vitamin E (VIT E), C-reactive protein (CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA), with significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the level of glutathione (GSH) in the diabetic untreated group compared to the normal control group. However, treatment of the diabetic groups with different doses of RHB resulted in the reversal of the effects to near-normal levels in a dose-dependent manner. The pH of RHB was found to be 3.45. The GC-MS result of RHB revealed the presence of 10 bioactive compounds, out of which four are pharmacologically important antioxidants: 11-Octadecenioc acid -Methyl esther, 2,7-Dioxatricyclodeca-4, 9-diene, Cis-Z-α- Bisabolene epoxide, and Tetradecanoic acid (lauric acid). Thus, the study revealed that Ruzu herbal bitters possesses antidiabetic and antioxidant activities due to the bioactive antioxidant compounds it contains.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Obasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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19
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Miller WP, Sunilkumar S, Dennis MD. The stress response protein REDD1 as a causal factor for oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:127-136. [PMID: 33524531 PMCID: PMC7956244 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of visual dysfunction, yet much remains unknown regarding the specific molecular events that contribute to diabetes-induced retinal pathophysiology. Herein, we review the impact of oxidative stress on DR, and explore evidence that supports a key role for the stress response protein regulated in development and DNA damage (REDD1) in the development of diabetes-induced oxidative stress and functional defects in vision. It is well established that REDD1 mediates the cellular response to a number of diverse stressors through repression of the central metabolic regulator known as mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). A growing body of evidence also supports that REDD1 acts independent of mTORC1 to promote oxidative stress by both enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species and suppressing the antioxidant response. Collectively, there is strong preclinical data to support a key role for REDD1 in the development and progression of retinal complications caused by diabetes. Furthermore, early proof-of-concept clinical trials have found a degree of success in combating ischemic retinal disease through intravitreal delivery of an siRNA targeting the REDD1 mRNA. Overall, REDD1-associated signaling represents an intriguing target for novel clinical therapies that go beyond addressing the symptoms of diabetes by targeting the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Siddharth Sunilkumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Michael D Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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20
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Ruknarong L, Boonthongkaew C, Chuangchot N, Jumnainsong A, Leelayuwat N, Jusakul A, Gaudieri S, Leelayuwat C. Vitamin C supplementation reduces expression of circulating miR-451a in subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and high oxidative stress. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10776. [PMID: 33604180 PMCID: PMC7868066 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin C is an essential element required for normal metabolic function. We investigated the effect of vitamin C supplementation on circulating miRNA (miR) expression in subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Changes in miR expression were also correlated with clinical measures of disease. Methods Pre- and post-vitamin C supplementation samples from five participants who had increased vitamin C levels, improved oxidative status and polymorphonuclear (PMN) function after receiving 1,000 mg of vitamin C daily for six weeks were screened for miRNA expression using the NanoString miRNA assay. Differences in miRNA expression identified from the miRNA screen were validated by qRT-PCR. Results Four miRNAs showed significantly different expression post-vitamin C supplementation relative to baseline, including the down-regulation of miR-451a (−1.72 fold change (FC), p = 0.036) and up-regulation of miR-1253 (0.62 FC, p = 0.027), miR-1290 (0.53 FC, p = 0.036) and miR-644a (0.5 FC, p = 0.042). The validation study showed only miR-451a expression was significantly different from baseline with vitamin C supplementation. MiR-451a expression was negatively correlated with vitamin C levels (r = − 0.497, p = 0.049) but positively correlated with levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (r = 0.584, p = 0.017), cholesterol (r = 0.564, p = 0.022) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (r = 0.522, p = 0.037). Bioinformatics analysis of the putative target genes of miR-451a indicated gene functions related to signaling pathways involved in cellular processes, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Conclusions Vitamin C supplementation altered circulating miR-451a expression. The results from this pilot study suggest that miRNAs could be used as biomarkers to indicate oxidative status in subjects with T2DM and with poor glycemic control and could lead to a novel molecular strategy to reduce oxidative stress in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laongthip Ruknarong
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon kean, Thailand.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group (ESRG), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chongchira Boonthongkaew
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group (ESRG), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisa Chuangchot
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon kean, Thailand.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group (ESRG), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Amonrat Jumnainsong
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon kean, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Naruemon Leelayuwat
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group (ESRG), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apinya Jusakul
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon kean, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Silvana Gaudieri
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon kean, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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21
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Zhang R, Lu M, Zhang S, Liu J. Renoprotective effects of Tilianin in diabetic rats through modulation of oxidative stress via Nrf2-Keap1 pathway and inflammation via TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106967. [PMID: 33182074 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the protective effects of Tilianin (TN) on type-2 diabetes-induced renal dysfunction in experimental rats. Diabetes was induced by injecting Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) by i.p. and then the rats were treated with TN (10 and 20 mg/kg) daily by oral gavage for 28 days. TN treatment significantly decreases the BUN, creatinine, 24-hour urinary protein, urea, uric acid, and albumin protein levels. The protein of expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 was augmented while the expression of Keap-1 decreased significantly. TN also reduces the oxidative/nitrosative status by lowering MDA content, NO, and MPO levels. TN exerted anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling cascades and inhibiting MyD88, TRAF6, IκBα, p38MAPK, JNK, and ERK2 in the diabetic rats. Histopathological findings supported the biochemical and molecular results. The results showed that TN modulated Nrf2-Keap1 and TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways and provided significant protection against diabetes-induced renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City 250013, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City 250013, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City 250013, China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining 272000, China.
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22
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Automatic extraction, prioritization and analysis of gut microbial metabolites from biomedical literature. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9996. [PMID: 32561832 PMCID: PMC7305201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many diseases are driven by gene-environment interactions. One important environmental factor is the metabolic output of human gut microbiota. A comprehensive catalog of human metabolites originated in microbes is critical for data-driven approaches to understand how microbial metabolism contributes to human health and diseases. Here we present a novel integrated approach to automatically extract and analyze microbial metabolites from 28 million published biomedical records. First, we classified 28,851,232 MEDLINE records into microbial metabolism-related or not. Second, candidate microbial metabolites were extracted from the classified texts. Third, we developed signal prioritization algorithms to further differentiate microbial metabolites from metabolites originated from other resources. Finally, we systematically analyzed the interactions between extracted microbial metabolites and human genes. A total of 11,846 metabolites were extracted from 28 million MEDLINE articles. The combined text classification and signal prioritization significantly enriched true positives among top: manual curation of top 100 metabolites showed a true precision of 0.55, representing a significant 38.3-fold enrichment as compared to the precision of 0.014 for baseline extraction. More importantly, 29% extracted microbial metabolites have not been captured by existing databases. We performed data-driven analysis of the interactions between the extracted microbial metabolite and human genetics. This study represents the first effort towards automatically extracting and prioritizing microbial metabolites from published biomedical literature, which can set a foundation for future tasks of microbial metabolite relationship extraction from literature and facilitate data-driven studies of how microbial metabolism contributes to human diseases.
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Melatonin supplementation revives diabetic induced biochemical, histological and hematological impairments in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03770. [PMID: 32368643 PMCID: PMC7184530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is very common all over the world, but still not curable and controlled; it causes alteration in all over body. It needs serious concern for the scientific community to find out some control measures. The current work was planned to explore the possible defensive effect of melatonin against the diabetes induced changes in whole blood profile. For this study albino rats were treated with streptozotocin [(STZ) (15 mg/kg for 6 days)] to induce diabetes. Induction was confirmed by blood glucose and serum sugar assessment. Total 36 rats were randomly selected for the experimental purpose and were divided into two major groups. Major group-1 consisting eighteen (18) and were further sub-divided into three (3) different groups viz. group-I served as normal control, group-II served as melatonin treated, group-III served as glibenclamide treated. Major group-2 consisting eighteen (18) rats were given streptozotocin (STZ) injection (15 mg/kg) for 6 days. After confirmation of diabetes by measuring blood glucose level, animals having blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl) confirmed as diabetic. Eighteen (18) Diabetic rats were three subdivided into following sub-groups and were given different therapeutic treatments, Viz group-IV served as Diabetic control, group-V treated with melatonin, group-VI treated with glibenclamide, respectively. Diabetic rats demonstrated inflection in all hematological variables. Diabetic animals revealed considerable reduction in RBCs count, HB content and its associated indices (HCT, RDW, MCV, MCH and MCHC). Decrease in WBCs and its related indices (polymorphs and lymphocytes). Platelet count showed significant increase, but platelet distribution width (PDW %) was found decreased. However administration of melatonin restored all the alterations in hematological parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that melatonin will be better therapeutic molecule to revive hematological alterations during diabetes.
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24
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Izuddin WI, Humam AM, Loh TC, Foo HL, Samsudin AA. Dietary Postbiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Improves Serum and Ruminal Antioxidant Activity and Upregulates Hepatic Antioxidant Enzymes and Ruminal Barrier Function in Post-Weaning Lambs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E250. [PMID: 32204511 PMCID: PMC7139658 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics from Lactobacillus plantarum have been reported to improve growth performance, nutrient utilization, immune status and gut health in livestock. However, there is scarce information on the antioxidant activity of postbiotics and its modulation of antioxidant activity and rumen barrier function in animals. We investigated the antioxidant activity of postbiotics from L. plantarum RG14, RG11 and TL1 and dietary effects in post-weaning lambs on serum and ruminal antioxidant activity, hepatic antioxidant enzymes and ruminal barrier function. Postbiotic RG14 showed the highest antioxidant activity in both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay and was chosen to be evaluated in animal trials. Twelve post-weaning Dorper lambs were allotted to the control group and postbiotic group (0.9% (v/w) postbiotic RG14). The improvement in antioxidant activity of the postbiotic group was observed by greater glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in serum and ruminal fluid and lower serum TBARS. The findings were strengthened by the upregulation of hepatic GPX1, GPX4 and copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) in the postbiotic group. Lambs received postbiotics had higher regulation of rumen barrier function through upregulation of tight junction protein (TJP), occludin (OCLD), claudin-1 (CLDN1) and CLDN4. The current study demonstrated that dietary postbiotics enhanced the serum and ruminal fluid antioxidant activity, reduced the serum lipid peroxidation and upregulated hepatic antioxidant enzymes and ruminal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ibrahim Izuddin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia (A.A.S.)
| | - Ali Merzza Humam
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia (A.A.S.)
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia (A.A.S.)
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anjas Asmara Samsudin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia (A.A.S.)
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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Vitamin D Supplementation Is Associated with Increased Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Levels in Arab Adults with Prediabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020118. [PMID: 32013162 PMCID: PMC7070325 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D supplementation may be used to lower oxidative stress. This interventional study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) levels and other parameters in Arab adults with prediabetes. A total of 203 Saudi adults with prediabetes and vitamin D deficiency [intervention group, N = 146 (53 males and 93 females); control group, N = 57 (25 males and 32 females)] were included in this non-randomized, six-month intervention study. The intervention group received 50,000 international units (IU) cholecalciferol tablets once a week for two months, then twice a month for the next two months, followed by 1000 IU daily for the last two months. The control group received no supplementation. Serum 25(OH)D, lipid profile, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP) and GPx1 were measured at baseline and after six months. Post-intervention, GPx1 concentrations increased significantly in the intervention group [17.3 (11.5–59.0) vs 26.7 (11.4–59.9) p < 0.01] while no changes were observed in the control group (p = 0.15). This significant increase in 25(OH)D and GPx1 levels persisted after adjusting for age and BMI. Stratification according to sex revealed that this favourable increase in GPx1 was true only for males (p = 0.002). In all groups, baseline GPx1 was inversely correlated with low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (r = −0.26, p < 0.01) and body mass index (BMI) (r = −0.20, p < 0.05), while positively correlated with age (r = 0.18, p < 0.05) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.19, p < 0.05). In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation favourably enhanced GPx1 levels in adult Arabs with prediabetes, particularly in males.
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Hajam YA, Rai S. Melatonin and insulin modulates the cellular biochemistry, histoarchitecture and receptor expression during hepatic injury in diabetic rats. Life Sci 2019; 239:117046. [PMID: 31730869 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aims; The present study was designed to ameliorate the integrated efficacy of exogenous melatonin and insulin on tissue biochemical, serological, histopathological architecture and receptor expression of melatonin (MT1, MT2) and insulin receptor (IR) expression against the hepatic injury in diabetic rats. Materials and Method; the rats were randomly allocated into nine different experimental groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (15 mg/kg) for 6 days. Rats having blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl were considered as diabetic. Animals euthanized after 4 weeks, blood and liver samples were collected to perform various biochemical, serological, histopathological and receptor expression of melatonin (MT1, MT2) and insulin receptor (IR). Key findings; Diabetic rats revealed significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) of liver tissue, liver function tests (ALT, AST and ALP), increase in serum cholesterol, LDL, VLD, but decrease in HDL level. Further, diabetic rats exhibited significant decrement in antioxidative enzymatic system (GSH, SOD, CAT, GR, GPX, G6PDH and GST), total tissue protein and glycogen content. Histomicrograph of liver of diabetic rats resulted in vacuolization indicating cellular damages as well as upregulation in liver MT1, MT2 and IR protein expression. However, the combined therapy (Melatonin and insulin treatment) revealed significant recovery and restoration in biochemical, cellular architecture of liver cells and receptor expression pattern of MT1, MT2 and IR. Significance; It may establish a synergistic action of melatonin and insulin, which might be a novel evidence for clinicians to combat the hepatic complication along with controlling diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younis Ahmad Hajam
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidayalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India.
| | - Seema Rai
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidayalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
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27
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Faustino MV, Faustino MAF, Pinto DCGA. Halophytic Grasses, a New Source of Nutraceuticals? A Review on Their Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1067. [PMID: 30823674 PMCID: PMC6429475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Poaceae family, known as grasses, is distributed worldwide and is considered the most important group of monocotyledonous crops. Salt stress is multifactorial, therefore to survive, halophytes evolved a variety of adaptations, which include the biosynthesis of different primary and secondary metabolites. This trait enhances the accumulation of important families of compounds crucial to the prevention of a variety of chronic diseases. Besides, if proven edible, these species could cope with the increased soil salinity responsible for the decline of arable land due to their high nutritional/nutraceutical value. Herein, the phytochemical investigations performed in halophytes from the Poaceae family as well as their biological properties were explored. Among the 65 genera and 148 species of known halophytic grasses, only 14% of the taxa were studied phytochemically and 10% were subjected to biological evaluation. Notably, in the studied species, a variety of compound families, as well as bioactivities, were demonstrated, highlighting the potential of halophytic grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Summarize of the reports on antioxidants especially from herbal sources which battle oxidative stress might be proficient to forestall and repair the free radical-prompted vascular damages in overseeing of atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Atherosclerosis is the one of the fundamental reason for hypertension, stroke, myocardial localized necrosis, and numerous other cardiovascular illnesses. Atherosclerosis associated path physiological factors like hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking actuates oxidative stress which are characterized by excessive oxidation and improper exclusion. The herbal plant-based antioxidant agents are effective towards the management/treatment of atherosclerosis by different ways like, by diminishing the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, diminishing the cell proliferation, restraining the foam cell arrangement, and advancing the reverse cholesterol transport, down regulation of pro-atherogenic genes, and inflammatory mediators. This review is a critical analysis about the role of oxidative stress in atherogenesis and furthermore outlines the ongoing study/examination done on the management of atherosclerosis by utilizing herbal antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Education, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area, Dist: Vaishali, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India.
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Goboza M, Aboua YG, Chegou N, Oguntibeju OO. Vindoline effectively ameliorated diabetes-induced hepatotoxicity by docking oxidative stress, inflammation and hypertriglyceridemia in type 2 diabetes-induced male Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108638. [PMID: 30784928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vindoline, an indole alkaloid present in the leaves of Catharanthus roseus plant, has been recently reported to have insulotropic effects. This present study evaluated the possible hepatoprotective effects of vindoline in a type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model. Diabetes mellitus was induced by exposing rats to 10% fructose water for two weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ). Rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8) and treated daily for 6 weeks with the vehicle via oral gavage, vindoline (20 mg/kg) or glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). Weekly fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and body weight were measured and recorded. Administration of vindoline significantly (p < 0.05) reduced FBG by 15% when compared to the diabetic controls. Vindoline significantly (p < 0.05) decreased diabetes-induced hepatic injury shown by decreased levels of serum alanine transferase (ALT) (-42%), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (-42%) and alkaline phosphatase (-62%) compared to the diabetic controls. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were also improved following treatment with vindoline. The results also showed decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-ɑ by (-41%) and IL-6 (-28%) which may have also contributed to the reduction of serum triglycerides (-65%) in the diabetic group treated with vindoline. Histopathological findings showed improvement of both the hepatic and pancreatic tissues following vindoline treatment. Overall, these findings suggest that vindoline may protect the diabetic hepatic tissue from injury via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertriglyceredemia mechanisms thereby retarding the development of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mediline Goboza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Research Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Yapo G Aboua
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Private Bag, 13388, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Novel Chegou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Research Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
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30
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Akbar MU, Zia KM, Akash MSH, Nazir A, Zuber M, Ibrahim M. In-vivo anti-diabetic and wound healing potential of chitosan/alginate/maltodextrin/pluronic-based mixed polymeric micelles: Curcumin therapeutic potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2418-2430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Mehanna OM, El Askary A, Al-Shehri S, El-Esawy B. Effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on renal functions and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:424-429. [PMID: 29271249 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1419267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of different phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs), on renal oxidant/antioxidant balance in diabetic rats. Our study was conducted on 125 rats, diabetes was induced in 100 rats by a single administration of streptozocin (STZ). Diabetic rats were divided into four equal groups. The first group was assigned as diabetic control, the remaining three groups were treated with pentoxifylline, sildenafil and milrinone via drinking water for 15 successive days, another group of 25 normal rats was assigned as non-diabetic control. Significant increase in plasma levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) with a concomitant decrease in the levels of insulin, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were observed in diabetic rats. These alterations were reverted back to near normal level after treatment with PDEIs. Our data seem to suggest a potential role of PDEIs in maintaining health in diabetes by reducing the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mahmoud Mehanna
- a Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Taif University , Taif , KSA
- b Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine (New Damietta) , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- c Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences , Taif University , Taif , KSA
- d Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine (New Damietta) , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Saad Al-Shehri
- c Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences , Taif University , Taif , KSA
| | - Basem El-Esawy
- c Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences , Taif University , Taif , KSA
- e Department of Pathology, Faculty of medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
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32
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Estrada-Luna D, Ortiz-Rodriguez MA, Medina-Briseño L, Carreón-Torres E, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Sharma A, Cancino-Díaz JC, Pérez-Méndez O, Belefant-Miller H, Betanzos-Cabrera G. Current Therapies Focused on High-Density Lipoproteins Associated with Cardiovascular Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112730. [PMID: 30360466 PMCID: PMC6278283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) comprise a heterogeneous family of lipoprotein particles divided into subclasses that are determined by density, size and surface charge as well as protein composition. Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse correlation between High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. HDLs promote reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and have several atheroprotective functions such as anti-inflammation, anti-thrombosis, and anti-oxidation. HDLs are considered to be atheroprotective because they are associated in serum with paraoxonases (PONs) which protect HDL from oxidation. Polyphenol consumption reduces the risk of chronic diseases in humans. Polyphenols increase the binding of HDL to PON1, increasing the catalytic activity of PON1. This review summarizes the evidence currently available regarding pharmacological and alternative treatments aimed at improving the functionality of HDL-C. Information on the effectiveness of the treatments has contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate plasma levels of HDL-C, thereby promoting the development of more effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases. For that purpose, Scopus and Medline databases were searched to identify the publications investigating the impact of current therapies focused on high-density lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Estrada-Luna
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" Juan Badiano No. 1, Belisario Domínguez Sección 16, 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - María Araceli Ortiz-Rodriguez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, UAEM, Calle Río Iztaccihuatl S/N, Vista Hermosa, 62350 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Lizett Medina-Briseño
- Universidad de la Sierra Sur, UNSIS, Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, 70800 Oaxaca, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" Juan Badiano No. 1, Belisario Domínguez Sección 16, 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jeannett Alejandra Izquierdo-Vega
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Actopan-Tilcuautla, Ex-Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, 42160 Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Epigmenio Gonzalez 500, 76130 Queretaro, Mexico.
| | - Juan Carlos Cancino-Díaz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Pérez-Méndez
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" Juan Badiano No. 1, Belisario Domínguez Sección 16, 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Actopan-Tilcuautla, Ex-Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, 42160 Hidalgo, Mexico.
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Neelofar K, Arif Z, Arafat MY, Alam K, Ahmad J. A study on correlation between oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients with kidney dysfunction in north Indian population. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4892-4902. [PMID: 30260031 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research reports support the statement that oxidative stress and inflammation are well-known risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes. This study was designed to ascertain the associated role of oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers in diabetes and related CKD among the north Indian population. METHODS The study was divided into three groups as healthy subjects (group 1), patients with diabetes without complication (group 2), and with CKD (group 3). Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) content were estimated in all individuals. Inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-α were determined by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. RESULTS MDA, protein carbonyl, and NO were significantly elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes as compared with healthy subjects (P ≤ 0.05). Total thiols content were found to be significantly decreased in patients with diabetes with CKD. The activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GR showed a significant suppression in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without CKD as compared with healthy subjects. Nevertheless, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly upregulated ( P ≤ 0.05) as compared with healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Determination of antioxidant defense parameters and inflammatory markers contributes to understand the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation on the development and prevention of chronic kidney disease in Indian patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Neelofar
- Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Zarina Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mir Yasir Arafat
- Center for Vascular & Inflammatory Disease, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Jamal Ahmad
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Chang WC, Huang DW, Chen JA, Chang YF, Swi-Bea Wu J, Shen SC. Protective effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. extracts against abnormal expression of hepatic detoxification enzymes in diabetic rats. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21596-21605. [PMID: 35539960 PMCID: PMC9080929 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03321h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruellia tuberosa L. (RTL) has been used as a folk medicine for curing diabetes mellitus in East Asia decades. This study investigated the effect of RTL on hepatic detoxification enzyme expression in diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Subsequently, rats received oral administrations of 100 or 400 mg kg-1 body weight RTL extract, in either water (RTLW) or ethanol (RTLE), once a day for 4 weeks. The real-time PCR analyses showed that abnormality of hepatic phase I and II detoxification enzyme expression was observed in diabetic rats. However, both RTLW and RTLE significantly normalized the expression of hepatic phase I detoxification enzymes such as CYP 2E1, and expression of phase II detoxification enzymes such as UGT 1A7 and GST M1 in diabetic rats. Furthermore, we found that fasting serum glucose, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) and the area under the curve of oral glucose tolerance test (AUCOGTT) levels were significantly reduced in both RTLW and RTLE treated diabetic rats. Moreover, both RTLW and RTLE significantly increased the activity of hepatic anti-oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) in diabetic rats. The present study suggests that RTL may ameliorate abnormal hepatic detoxification function via alleviating hyperglycemia and enhancing hepatic antioxidant capacity in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University P.O. Box 23-14 Taipei 10672 Taiwan
| | - Da-Wei Huang
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, China University of Science and Technology No.245, Sec. 3, Academia Rd. Taipei 11581 Taiwan
| | - Jou-An Chen
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping East Rd. Taipei 10610 Taiwan +886-2-23639635 +886-2-77341437
| | - Yu-Fang Chang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping East Rd. Taipei 10610 Taiwan +886-2-23639635 +886-2-77341437
| | - James Swi-Bea Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University P.O. Box 23-14 Taipei 10672 Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping East Rd. Taipei 10610 Taiwan +886-2-23639635 +886-2-77341437
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Robson R, Kundur AR, Singh I. Oxidative stress biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus for assessment of cardiovascular disease risk. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:455-462. [PMID: 29307576 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent and progressive metabolic conditions affecting approximately 8.5% of the global population. Individuals with T2DM have a significantly increased risk of developing chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its associated complications, therefore, it is of great importance to establish strategies for combatting T2DM and its associated chronic conditions. Current literature has identified several biomarkers that are known to play a key role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Many of these biomarkers affecting CVD are influenced by an increase in oxidative stress as seen in T2DM. The purpose of this review is to analyse and correlate the oxidative stress-related biomarkers that have been identified in the literature to provide an updated summary of their significance in CVD risk factors. DATA SYNTHESIS This review has analysed current research on T2DM, CVD, and oxidative stress. Four key cardiovascular risk factors: thrombosis, inflammation, vascular homeostasis and cellular proliferation were searched to identify potential biomarkers for this review. These biomarkers stem from seven major cellular pathways; NF-κB, Keap1-Nrf2, protein kinase-C, macrophage activation, arachidonic acid mobilisation, endothelial dysfunction and advanced glycation end products. CONCLUSIONS The pathways and biomarkers were analysed to show their role as contributing factors to CVD development and a summary is made regarding the assessment of cardiovascular risk in T2DM individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Robson
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Avinash R Kundur
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Indu Singh
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Antioxidant Status, Lipid Peroxidation and Protein Oxidation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients; Beneficial Effects of Supplementation with Carnosine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.64116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen M, Lv H, Gan J, Ren J, Liu J. Tang Wang Ming Mu Granule Attenuates Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Rats. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1065. [PMID: 29311988 PMCID: PMC5742249 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to determine the influence of Tang Wang Ming Mu granule (TWMM) on the diabetic retinopathy of diabetic rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: normal control, diabetes model(DM), diabetes with TWMM (3.6, 7.2, and 14.4 g/kg) treatment, the positive control treatment groups of Qi Ming granules and Calcium dobesilate capsules. All rats were treated for 8 weeks. The levels of body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in blood were measured to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of TWMM. Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum were measured to study effects of TWMM on oxidative stress and inflammatory in DM2 rats. VEGF, JAK/STAT signaling pathway and SOCS3 in retina was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: TWMM and the positive control drugs Qi Ming and Calcium dobesilate showed a remarkable suppression of retinal neovascularization and amelioration of retinal internal limiting membrane morphology. Moreover, TWMM significantly decreased HbA1c, MDA, ICAM-1, and VEGF levels in serum of diabetic rats. However, Qi Ming granules showed significantly reduced MDA and VEGF levels (P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively), Calcium dobesilate showed significantly reduced MDA and ICAM-1levels (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) in serum. All drug- treated DM2 rats showed significantly lower levels of VEGF, JAK2, P-JAK2, STAT3, and P-STAT3 in retina than DM group, while TWMM and Calcium dobesilate significantly increased SOCS3 in retina. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the diabetic retina protective effect of TWMM might be related to antiinflammatory, antioxidative, upregulation of SOCS3 expression, inhibition of the JAK/STAT/VEGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Chen
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Handian Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Lv
- Beijing Handian Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakuan Gan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junguo Ren
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Vučić J, Stanković S, Vasić K, Cvetković T. T HE IMPACT OF MECHAN ISMS OF OXIDATIVE ST RESS ON THE DEVELPOMENT O F DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN TYPE 1 DIABETES. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2017. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2017.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Mahadeva Rao US, Shanmuga Sundaram C. Antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidant and renal protective effects of Mengkudu (Rubiaceae) fruit in nephropathy-induced albino rats. Chin J Integr Med 2017:10.1007/s11655-017-2785-1. [PMID: 28914438 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the modulatory impact of alcoholic extract of fruit of Mengkudu (AEFM, Morinda citrifolia L., Rubiaceae) on renal oxido-lipidemic stress in hypercholesterolemic albino rats. METHODS Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups with six rats in each group: group I as control, group II fed with hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) for 45 days (4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid), Group III rats fed with HCD for 45 days + AEFM (300 mg/kg body weight/day orally) for last 30 days and group IV normal rats fed AEFM alone. The blood was collected using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as an anticoagulant for various biochemical analysis, and excision of kidney was done for histological analysis. RESULTS The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), phospholipids (PLs), renal functional parameters and lipid peroxidation products were markedly mitigated in AEFM treated hypercholesterolemic rats (group III) compared to group I (P<0.01). Activities of both enzymic and non-enzymic free radical scavenging factors were significantly increased in group III compared to group I (P<0.01). In group III the mRNA levels of interstitial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes were obviously up-regulated (P<0.01) and down-regulated in (P<0.05) compared with group I. Histomorphological observations also exhibited similar as in group III AEFM commendably protects the renal tissues compared with group I (P<0.01). CONCLUSION AEFM can act as nephroprotective agent by attenuating the renal oxidative stress, lipid levels as well as regulating NOS level and by this means protects the kidney in hypercholesterolemic induced nephropathy experimental rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Mahadeva Rao
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, 20400, Malaysia.
| | - C Shanmuga Sundaram
- Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of arts and Science, Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603103, India
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Measurement and Clinical Significance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6501046. [PMID: 28698768 PMCID: PMC5494111 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6501046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Biomarkers of oxidative stress are relevant in the evaluation of the disease status and of the health-enhancing effects of antioxidants. We aim to discuss the major methodological bias of methods used for the evaluation of oxidative stress in humans. There is a lack of consensus concerning the validation, standardization, and reproducibility of methods for the measurement of the following: (1) ROS in leukocytes and platelets by flow cytometry, (2) markers based on ROS-induced modifications of lipids, DNA, and proteins, (3) enzymatic players of redox status, and (4) total antioxidant capacity of human body fluids. It has been suggested that the bias of each method could be overcome by using indexes of oxidative stress that include more than one marker. However, the choice of the markers considered in the global index should be dictated by the aim of the study and its design, as well as by the clinical relevance in the selected subjects. In conclusion, the clinical significance of biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans must come from a critical analysis of the markers that should give an overall index of redox status in particular conditions.
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Spahis S, Borys JM, Levy E. Metabolic Syndrome as a Multifaceted Risk Factor for Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:445-461. [PMID: 27302002 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a greater risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is estimated that this multifactorial condition affects 20%-30% of the world's population. A detailed understanding of MetS mechanisms is crucial for the development of effective prevention strategies and adequate intervention tools that could curb its increasing prevalence and limit its comorbidities, particularly in younger age groups. With advances in basic redox biology, oxidative stress (OxS) involvement in the complex pathophysiology of MetS has become widely accepted. Nevertheless, its clear association with and causative effects on MetS require further elucidation. Recent Advances: Although a better understanding of the causes, risks, and effects of MetS is essential, studies suggest that oxidant/antioxidant imbalance is a key contributor to this condition. OxS is now understood to be a major underlying mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction, ectopic lipid accumulation, and gut microbiota impairment. CRITICAL ISSUES Further studies, particularly in the field of translational research, are clearly required to understand and control the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, especially in the mitochondria, since the various therapeutic trials conducted to date have not targeted this major ROS-generating system, aimed to delay MetS onset, or prevent its progression. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Multiple relevant markers need to be identified to clarify the role of ROS in the etiology of MetS. Future clinical trials should provide important proof of concept for the effectiveness of antioxidants as useful therapeutic approaches to simultaneously counteract mitochondrial OxS, alleviate MetS symptoms, and prevent complications. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 445-461.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schohraya Spahis
- 1 Research Center , Ste-Justine MUHC, Montreal, Canada .,2 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Emile Levy
- 1 Research Center , Ste-Justine MUHC, Montreal, Canada .,2 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Canada .,3 EPODE International Network , Paris, France
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42
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Protective effects on liver, kidney and pancreas of enzymatic- and acidic-hydrolysis of polysaccharides by spent mushroom compost (Hypsizigus marmoreus). Sci Rep 2017; 7:43212. [PMID: 28233836 PMCID: PMC5324114 DOI: 10.1038/srep43212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work investigated the protective effects on liver, kidneys and pancreas of spent mushroom compost polysaccharide (SCP) and its hydrolysates (enzymatic- (ESCP) and acid-hydrolyzed SCP (ASCP)) from Hypsizigus marmoreus, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The results showed that enzymatic (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT)) and non-enzymatic activities (total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)) were significantly increased, the lipid peroxide contents (lipid peroxide (LPO) and malonaldehyde (MDA)) were remarkably reduced, and the clinical parameters were observably mitigated in diabetic mice treated with these three polysaccharides. Furthermore, histological observations also indicated recovery. These conclusions demonstrated that both SCP and its hydrolysates ESCP and ASCP possessed potent antioxidant activities and can be used as a potentially functional food for the prevention of diabetes and its complications induced by STZ.
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Sun W, Sang Y, Zhang B, Yu X, Xu Q, Xiu Z, Dong Y. Synergistic effects of acarbose and an Oroxylum indicum seed extract in streptozotocin and high-fat-diet induced prediabetic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:160-170. [PMID: 28056420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes is defined as blood glucose levels above normal but below diabetes thresholds, and up to 70% of individuals with prediabetes will eventually develop diabetes if left untreated. Acarbose, the first FDA approved anti-prediabetes agent, has some disadvantages, such as reducing the risk of diabetes by only 36%, side effects and limited effects on complications. The aim of this study is to develop a new agent to treat prediabetes and to investigate the anti-prediabetes effects and mechanisms of acarbose and an Oroxylum indicum seed extract (OISE) in prediabetic mice. The combined drugs can reduce the dose of acarbose by 80% and reduce the risk of diabetes by 75%, which is one fold higher than acarbose monotherapy. The combined drugs showed synergistic anti-prediabetes effects and could be effective in preventing the complications of prediabetes. The combined drugs could improve glucose tolerance, improve lipid metabolism and reduce oxidative stress and tissue damage. For the mechanisms, the combined drugs can reduce synergistically postprandial hyperglycaemia by inhibiting α-glucosidase. Furthermore, baicalein in OISE was demonstrated to be a major component in reducing oxidative stress and chrysin was the primary compound that activated PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanbin Sang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Qinmin Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
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Dupas J, Feray A, Goanvec C, Guernec A, Samson N, Bougaran P, Guerrero F, Mansourati J. Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension Resulting from Fructose Enriched Diet in Wistar Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2494067. [PMID: 28497040 PMCID: PMC5405603 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2494067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased sugar consumption, especially fructose, is strongly related to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate long term effects of fructose supplementation on Wistar rats. Three-week-old male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: control (C; n = 14) and fructose fed (FF; n = 18), with a fructose enriched drink (20-25% w/v fructose in water) for 21 weeks. Systolic blood pressure, fasting glycemia, and bodyweight were regularly measured. Glucose tolerance was evaluated three times using an oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin levels were measured concomitantly and insulin resistance markers were evaluated (HOMA 2-IR, Insulin Sensitivity Index for glycemia (ISI-gly)). Lipids profile was evaluated on plasma. This fructose supplementation resulted in the early induction of hypertension without renal failure (stable theoretical creatinine clearance) and in the progressive development of fasting hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (higher HOMA 2-IR, lower ISI-gly) without modification of glucose tolerance. FF rats presented dyslipidemia (higher plasma triglycerides) and early sign of liver malfunction (higher liver weight). Although abdominal fat weight was increased in FF rats, no significant overweight was found. In Wistar rats, 21 weeks of fructose supplementation induced a metabolic syndrome (hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia) but not T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dupas
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Annie Feray
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- 2UFR Sciences du Sport et de l'Education, 20 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Christelle Goanvec
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- 3UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- *Christelle Goanvec:
| | - Anthony Guernec
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- 2UFR Sciences du Sport et de l'Education, 20 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Nolwenn Samson
- 4Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université de Laval, 2725 chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - François Guerrero
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- 2UFR Sciences du Sport et de l'Education, 20 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Jacques Mansourati
- 1EA 4324-Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matières, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- 5Département de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Brest, boulevard Tanguy Prigent, 29200 Brest, France
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Camargo AB, Manucha W. Potential protective role of nitric oxide and Hsp70 linked to functional foods in the atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artere.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Camargo AB, Manucha W. Potencial rol protector del óxido nítrico y Hsp70 asociado a alimentos funcionales en la aterosclerosis. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2017; 29:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Phytochemical Contents of Indigenous Nigerian Softwoods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/5601327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical contents of some milled Nigerian softwood chips were carried out in a quest to evaluate their potentials as sources of alternative medicine as well as uses in other industrial applications. The qualitative and quantitative analysis were ascertained. Tannin was found in all the Nigerian softwoods examined with the highest quantities obtained in Sterculia oblonga (1240 mg/100 g) and Barteria nigritiana (1230 mg/100 g). Highest quantities of alkaloid were obtained in Cordia millenii (11.2%) and Sterculia oblonga (10.4%). Barteria nigritiana (14.2%) and Moringa oleifera (12.2%) recorded more flavonoid content than other individual softwoods. Saponin was more in Anogeissus leiocarpus (12.5%) and Dichrostachys cinerea (9.8%). Oxalate was found to be higher in Combretodendron macrocarpum (5.84 g/100 g) and Glyphaea brevis (3.55 g/100 g). Pentaclethra macrophylla (890 mg/100 g) and Moringa oleifera (880 mg/100 g) contained more cyanogenic glycosides. Sacoglottis gabonensis (4.68 mg/g) and Pentaclethra macrophylla (4.04 mg/g) showed the highest contents of phenol, while more lipids (8% and 7.2%) were found in Anogeissus leiocarpus and Kaempferia galanga, respectively. The results showed that these Nigerian softwoods grains could be a source for the exploitation of these phytochemicals beneficial in the pharmaceutical and alternative medicine industries.
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Role of Antioxidants and Natural Products in Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5276130. [PMID: 27803762 PMCID: PMC5075620 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5276130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a comprehensive array of physiological response to a foreign organism, including human pathogens, dust particles, and viruses. Inflammations are mainly divided into acute and chronic inflammation depending on various inflammatory processes and cellular mechanisms. Recent investigations have clarified that inflammation is a major factor for the progression of various chronic diseases/disorders, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, eye disorders, arthritis, obesity, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease. Free radical productions from different biological and environmental sources are due to an imbalance of natural antioxidants which further leads to various inflammatory associated diseases. In this review article, we have outlined the inflammatory process and its cellular mechanisms involved in the progression of various chronic modern human diseases. In addition, we have discussed the role of free radicals-induced tissue damage, antioxidant defence, and molecular mechanisms in chronic inflammatory diseases/disorders. The systematic knowledge regarding the role of inflammation and its associated adverse effects can provide a clear understanding in the development of innovative therapeutic targets from natural sources that are intended for suppression of various chronic inflammations associated diseases.
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Oral magnesium reduces gastric mucosa susceptibility to injury in experimental diabetes mellitus. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2016; 23:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Lin L, Cui F, Zhang J, Gao X, Zhou M, Xu N, Zhao H, Liu M, Zhang C, Jia L. Antioxidative and renoprotective effects of residue polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 146:388-95. [PMID: 27112888 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three extractable polysaccharides including Ac-RPS, Al-RPS and En-RPS were extracted from the residue of Flammulina velutipes and their antioxidative and renoprotective effects on STZ-induced mice were investigated. Biochemical and antioxidant analysis showed that the En-RPS had potential effects in decreasing the serum levels of CRE, BUN, ALB and GLU significantly, increasing the renal activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px remarkably, and reducing the renal contents of MDA prominently. Furthermore, the histopathological observations also displayed that En-RPS could alleviate kidney damage. These results demonstrated that En-RPS extracted from the residue of F. velutipes possessed potent antioxidant activities, and could be used as a promising therapeutic agent for inhibiting the progression of diabetic nephropathy. In addition, the monosaccharide compositions of these three RPS were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Cui
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Xia Gao
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extending Station, Ji'nan, Shandong 250100, PR China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Quality and Safety Monitoring Center of Animal Products, Ji'nan, Shandong 250002, PR China
| | - Nuo Xu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Huajie Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China.
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