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Myo H, Liana D, Phanumartwiwath A. Unlocking Therapeutic Potential: Comprehensive Extraction, Profiling, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds from Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. for Dermatological Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:33. [PMID: 38202343 PMCID: PMC10781016 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Herbal medicine has been studied as an alternate approach to modern medicine as it is more cost-effective and accessible via natural sources. Eclipta alba (E. alba, L.) Hassk. is a weed plant abundantly distributed throughout different regions of the world and contains abundant bioactive compounds used for various skin conditions. In this review, we aimed to gather information from the literature about the extraction, separation, and identification of these bioactive compounds and their potential in skin diseases. Relevant studies published before August 2023 were identified and selected from electronic databases, including Scopus, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Wiley Library, using the following keywords: Eclipta alba, Eclipta prostrata, phytochemicals, extraction, separation, isolation, identification, characterization, pharmacological activity, and skin conditions. Up-to-date extraction, separation, and identification methods of bioactive compounds from E. alba and their skin-related pharmacological activities are discussed in this review. As there are limitations regarding extraction, separation, and identification methods, and in-depth mechanistic and human studies of the skin-related pharmacological activities of bioactive compounds, these gaps are areas for future research to expand our understanding and broaden the potential applications of this medicinal weed plant, including the development of cosmeceutical and skincare products, anti-inflammatory agents, and formulations for dermatological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anuchit Phanumartwiwath
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (H.M.); (D.L.)
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Zholdasbayev ME, Atazhanova GA, Musozoda S, Poleszak E. Prunella vulgaris L.: An Updated Overview of Botany, Chemical Composition, Extraction Methods, and Biological Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1106. [PMID: 37631021 PMCID: PMC10460042 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) is a well-known renewable drug resource full of different groups of biologically active substances with a wide range of pharmacological actions and applications in medicine. In this review, we present an updated comprehensive overview of the botany, extracting methods, chemical composition, and pharmacological activity of different parts of PV extracts. As a result of this review, it was found that chemical composition of PV depends on various factors ranging from the part of the plant to the method of extraction. We also highlight extraction methods that have not been previously used for obtaining PV extracts and may have high scientific interest. With this review, we hope to guide present and future professionals and provide possible previously unexplored areas to find new solutions associated with PV plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussa E. Zholdasbayev
- School of Pharmacy, NJSC “Karaganda Medical University”, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Gayane A. Atazhanova
- School of Pharmacy, NJSC “Karaganda Medical University”, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Safol Musozoda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacology, Building No. 3, Tajik National University, Rudaki Avenue Street, 17, Dushanbe 734035, Tajikistan;
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, st. Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
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Divyajanani S, Harithpriya K, Ganesan K, Ramkumar KM. Dietary Polyphenols Remodel DNA Methylation Patterns of NRF2 in Chronic Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3347. [PMID: 37571283 PMCID: PMC10420661 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor crucial in regulating cellular homeostasis and apoptosis. The NRF2 gene has been implicated in various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. NRF2 can be regulated genetically and epigenetically at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels. Although DNA methylation is one of the critical biological processes vital for gene expression, sometimes, anomalous methylation patterns result in the dysregulation of genes and consequent diseases and disorders. Several studies have reported promoter hypermethylation downregulated NRF2 expression and its downstream targets. In contrast to the unalterable nature of genetic patterns, epigenetic changes can be reversed, opening up new possibilities in developing therapies for various metabolic disorders and diseases. This review discusses the current state of the NRF2-mediated antioxidative and chemopreventive activities of several natural phytochemicals, including sulforaphane, resveratrol, curcumin, luteolin, corosolic acid, apigenin, and most other compounds that have been found to activate NRF2. This epigenetic reversal of hypermethylated NRF2 states provides new opportunities for research into dietary phytochemistry that affects the human epigenome and the possibility for cutting-edge approaches to target NRF2-mediated signaling to prevent chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasaragavan Divyajanani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603210, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Kannan Harithpriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603210, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603210, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.D.); (K.H.)
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Li M, Wang Q, Chen N, Yao S, Sun X, Quan P, Chen Y. Probing Pharmaceutical Strategies to Promote the Skin Delivery of Asiatic Acid from Hydrogels: Enhancement Effects of Organic Amine Counterions, Chemical Enhancers, and Microneedle Pretreatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112532. [PMID: 36432722 PMCID: PMC9697078 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica, holding great promise for treating a variety of skin disorders. However, the dermal application of AA is limited by its poor solubility and permeability. This study aimed to identify a hydrogel formulation for AA and improve its skin penetration by various penetration enhancement methods. Four kinds of hydrogel bases were selected to prepare the AA hydrogel, in which different organic amines and chemical enhancers were incorporated in combination with microneedle pretreatment. The results showed that AA had good release profiles in the presence of hyaluronic acid as the hydrogel base and organic amines as the counter-ions. Diethylamine and Span 80 could promote drug penetration into the skin, and pretreatment with microneedles could further increase the drug permeability. In conclusion, the optimized hyaluronic acid hydrogel has great potential for use in the topical delivery of AA, and its penetration via the skin can be further improved by different pharmaceutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Naiying Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Sicheng Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xinxing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (P.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Correspondence: (P.Q.); (Y.C.)
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Iglesia S, Kononov T, Zahr AS. A Multi-Functional Anti-Aging Moisturizer Maintains a Diverse and Balanced Facial Skin Microbiome. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1791-1799. [PMID: 35698733 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effect of a 28-day skincare regimen in healthy female subjects on the facial skin microbiome composition and to determine if the skincare regimen including a gentle cleansing lotion, a multi-functional anti-aging moisturizer formulated with prebiotics and postbiotics at skin neutral pH, and bland sunscreen pushed the microbiome to a healthier state and improved skin aging measured by self-assessment and clinical photography. METHODS AND RESULTS The study protocol was in accordance with the EU Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) guidance and met all international standards. Twenty-five female subjects between 35 to 65 years old with Fitzpatrick skin type I - VI, moderate crow's feet wrinkles and global face photodamage were enrolled. After 28 days the skincare regimen improved microbial facial diversity and shifted the microbiota composition when compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS After 28-days, the skincare regimen treatment shifted the distribution of the facial skin microbiome, positively influencing the skin microbiome diversity and balance, to promote long term skin health and protect from further skin aging. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY These results suggest that incorporating prebiotics and postbiotics into a skincare regimen may have a positive impact on the facial skin microbiome in healthy women.
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Park HA, Kim MY, Lee NY, Lim J, Park KB, Lee CK, Nguyen VD, Kim J, Park JT, Park JI. Variation of Triterpenic Acids in 12 Wild Syzygium formosum and Anti-Inflammation Activity on Human Keratinocyte HaCaT. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112428. [PMID: 34834790 PMCID: PMC8622825 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Syzygium formosum (Wall.) Masam leaf is known as a Vietnamese traditional herbal medicine used to treat atopic dermatitis and stomach ulcers. Recently, its potent anti-allergic effects were reported with possible active compounds analysis. Here, we collected S. formosum leaves from 12 wild trees and compared compositions of triterpenic acids (TA) with Centella asiatica. Anti-inflammatory activities of S. formosum leaf extract (SFLE) was compared with C. asiatica extract (CAE) using human keratinocyte, HaCaT. In this study, up to seven TAs were identified in SFLE, while only madecassic and asiatic acids were detected in the CAE. Total TA content varied among SFLE, but asiatic, corosolic, and betulinic acids were the major components. Surprisingly, wild tree sample 12 (S12) contained total TA of 27.2 mg/g dry-leaves that was 5-fold greater than that in the C. asiatica sample, and S4 had the highest content of asiatic acid (12.6 mg/g dry-leaves) that accounted for 50% of the total TA. S4 and S12 showed more than 3-fold higher anti-oxidative power than the CAE. In the UVB irradiation model, S4 and S12 (5 μg/mL) strongly repressed mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) and COX-2, while the CAE at the same condition showed moderate or weak repression. The difference in anti-inflammation effects between the SFLE and the CAE was also confirmed by protein quantifications. Taken together, SFLE has great potentials as a new cosmeceutical ingredient with a higher amount of skin-active phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-ah Park
- CARBOEXPERT Inc., Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.-a.P.); (N.-Y.L.); (K.-b.P.); (C.-K.L.)
| | - Mi Yoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Nan-Young Lee
- CARBOEXPERT Inc., Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.-a.P.); (N.-Y.L.); (K.-b.P.); (C.-K.L.)
| | - Jaeyoon Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Kyu-been Park
- CARBOEXPERT Inc., Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.-a.P.); (N.-Y.L.); (K.-b.P.); (C.-K.L.)
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- CARBOEXPERT Inc., Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.-a.P.); (N.-Y.L.); (K.-b.P.); (C.-K.L.)
| | - Van Dao Nguyen
- Biotechnology Faculty, Binh Duong University, Thu Dau Mot 820000, Vietnam;
| | - Jaehan Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- CARBOEXPERT Inc., Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.-a.P.); (N.-Y.L.); (K.-b.P.); (C.-K.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-T.P.); (J.-I.P.)
| | - Jong-Il Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-T.P.); (J.-I.P.)
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Actions and Therapeutic Potential of Madecassoside and Other Major Constituents of Centella asiatica: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica is a popular herb well-known for its wide range of therapeutic effects and its use as a folk medicine for many years. Its therapeutic properties have been well correlated with the presence of asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic and madecassic acids, the pentacyclic triterpenes. The herb has been extensively known to treat skin conditions; nevertheless, several pre-clinical and clinical studies have scientifically demonstrated its effectiveness in other disorders. Among the active constituents that have been identified in Centella asiatica, madecassoside has been the subject of only a relatively small number of scientific reports. Therefore, this review, while including other major constituents of this plant, focuses on the therapeutic potential, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of madecassoside.
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Islam MT, Ali ES, Uddin SJ, Khan IN, Shill MC, de Castro E Sousa JM, de Alencar MVOB, Melo-Cavalcante AAC, Mubarak MS. Anti-Cancer Effects of Asiatic Acid, a Triterpene from Centilla asiatica L: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:536-547. [PMID: 31823705 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191211103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centilla asiatica L is a medicinal herb that has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. Asiatic Acid (AA), a triterpene and a known component of this herb, has been shown to display important biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic, neuroprotective, anxiolytic and antidepressant, hepatoprotective, pancreas protective, and cardio- protective. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on AA's anti-cancer effects on the basis of published literature found in a number of databases such as PubMed and Science Direct. Emphasis has been given to the mechanisms of action of its anti-cancer effect. METHODS A literature survey was conducted using known databases such as PubMed and Science Direct using the keywords 'Asiatic acid', pairing with 'cancer', 'tumor', 'anti-cancer effect', 'cytotoxic effect', 'anti-tumor activity', 'cell line', 'animal cancer', and 'human cancer'. RESULTS Findings suggest that AA exerts anti-cancer effects in several test systems through various pathways, including oxidative/antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, apoptotic cell death, necrosis, anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of proliferation and cell migration, and chemoprevention. CONCLUSION AA may be an effective plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agent and a promising lead for the development of potent anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad T Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Eunus S Ali
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals Limited, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park-5042, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shaikh J Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Manik C Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - João M de Castro E Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, 64 049-550, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Piauí, 64 067-670, Brazil
| | | | - Ana A C Melo-Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, 64 049-550, Brazil
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Skarupova D, Vostalova J, Rajnochova Svobodova A. Ultraviolet A protective potential of plant extracts and phytochemicals. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2020; 164:1-22. [PMID: 32188958 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to solar radiation is related to an increased incidence of various skin disorders, including premature skin aging and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Ultraviolet (UV) photons in particular are responsible for skin damage. Solar UV photons mainly belong to UVA wavebands, however UVA radiation has been mostly ignored for a long time. At the cellular level, UVA photons mainly provoke indirect oxidative damage to biomolecules via the massive generation of unstable and highly reactive compounds. Human skin has several effective mechanisms that forestall, repair and eliminate damage caused by solar radiation. Regardless, some damage persists and can accumulate with chronic exposure. Therefore, conscious protection against solar radiation (UVB+UVA) is necessary. Besides traditional types of photoprotection such as sunscreen use, new strategies are being searched for and developed. One very popular protective strategy is the application of phytochemicals as active ingredients of photoprotection preparations instead of synthetic chemicals. Phytochemicals usually possess additional biological activities besides absorbing the energy of photons, and those properties (e.g. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory) magnify the protective potential of phytochemicals and extracts. Therefore, compounds of natural origin are in the interest of researchers as well as developers. In this review, only studies on UVA protection with well-documented experimental conditions are summarized. This article includes 17 well standardized plant extracts (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., Punica granatum L., Polypodium aureum L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Lonicera caerulea L., Thymus vulgaris L., Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Morinda citrifolia L., Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok, Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz et Pavón, Hippophae rhamnoides L., Cola acuminata Schott & Endl., Theobroma cacao L. and Amaranthus cruentus L.) and 26 phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Skarupova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vostalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Rajnochova Svobodova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Depigmented Centella asiatica Extraction by Pretreated with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid for Wound Healing Application. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica has been included in Thai traditional medicinal plants and recipes, as a well-established historical use as a vegetable and tonic. However, when applied in modern formulations, the progressive degradation of the plant pigments occurs, causing color-fading and color variation in the products. Depigmentation of the comminuted sample using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) fluid extraction with a cosolvent was introduced as a pretreatment to solve the color-fading problem. The contents of compounds with known biological activities and the wound healing activities (antioxidant screening by DPPH and ABTS+ scavenging activities; cell migration assay; matrix metallopeptidase [MMP]-2 inhibition on human skin fibroblast; endothelial cell tube formation assay) of the C. asiatica leaf extracts obtained by conventional ethanolic extraction (CV) and pretreatment using scCO2 extraction, were determined. Total triterpenoids (madecassoside, asiaticoside B, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, terminolic acid and asiatic acid) and total triterpenoid glucosides (madecassoside, asiaticoside B and asiaticoside) were notably more abundant in the extract that had been pretreated using scCO2 than the extract obtained by CV. Moreover, the scCO2 pretreatment not only caused greater relative MMP-2 inhibition (58.48 ± 7.50% of the control), but also exhibited a higher cell migration (59.83 ± 1.85% of the initial) and number of vessels (18.25 ± 4.58) of angiogenesis in the wound healing process. Additionally, positive correlations were observed between the DPPH antioxidant activity and madecassoside content (r = 0.914, p < 0.01), as well as between the cell migration activity and asiaticoside content (r = 0.854, p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the scCO2 pretreatment of C. asiatica can eliminate color pigments from the extract and improve its in vitro wound healing activity.
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Asiatic Acid Interferes with Invasion and Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting WAVE3 Activation through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1874387. [PMID: 32104680 PMCID: PMC7035546 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1874387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the ability of asiatic acid to interfere with the invasion and proliferation of breast cancer cells by inhibiting WAVE3 expression and activation through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Methods The MDA-MB-231 cells with strong invasiveness were screened by transwell assay, and plasmids with high expression of WAVE3 were constructed for transfection. The transfection effect and protein expression level of plasmids were verified by PCR and WB. The effects of asiatic acid on cell proliferation and invasion were investigated by flow cytometry. The xenografted tumor models in nude mice were established to study the antitumor activity of asiatic acid. Results Asiatic acid significantly inhibited the activity of MDA-MB-231 cells, and the expression level of WAVE3 increased significantly in the tissue of ductal carcinoma in situ and was lower than that in the metastasis group. After plasmid transfection, the mRNA and protein expression of WAVE3 increased significantly in the cells. Asiatic acid at different concentrations had an impact on cell apoptosis and invasion and could significantly inhibit the expression of WAVE3, P53, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and other proteins. The T/C(%) of asiatic acid (50 mg/kg) for MDA-MB-231(F10) xenografted tumor in nude mice was 46.33%, with a tumor inhibition rate of 59.55%. Asiatic acid could significantly inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 (F10) xenografted tumors in nude mice (p < 0.05). Conclusions Asiatic acid interferes with the ability of breast cancer cells to invade and proliferate by inhibiting WAVE3 expression and activation and the mechanism of action may be related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Ascorbyl-Conjugated Peptide Derivatives as Collagen Synthesis Stimulating Agents in Human Skin Fibroblasts. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Huang J, Tu T, Wang W, Zhou G, Zhang W, Wu X, Liu W. Asiatic Acid Glucosamine Salt Alleviates Ultraviolet B-induced Photoaging of Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Nude Mouse Skin. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 96:124-138. [PMID: 31483870 DOI: 10.1111/php.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herbal extracts including asiatic acid (AA) have become popular candidates of anti-photoaging agents due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and minimal side effect. Nevertheless, low bioavailability due to poor solubility limits their practical application. In this study, a highly bioavailable form of AA called AAGS (compounded by asiatic acid and glucosamine) was investigated for its anti-photoaging effect using both in vitro and in vivo models along with UVB irradiation. The results showed that AAGS alleviated UVB-induced cell proliferation inhibition by reducing G2 phase arrest and cell apoptosis rate as well as the gene expressions of P53, BAX, CASPASE 3 and CASPASE 9, but enhancing BCL-2 expression. It also reduced the production of reactive oxygen species along with increased gene expression of GPX-1 and downregulated the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 and TNF-α compared to nontreated cells. In vivo results demonstrated the antiphotodamaging effects by restoring skin thickness, collagen content and reducing MMPs expression, which are also supported by reduced MMPs gene expression and enhanced collagen I and TGF-β1 gene expression in vitro. Thus, AAGS may become a potential anti-photoaging agent for topical use due to its capability of self-assembling into a water gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Tu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Asiatic Acid Attenuated Aluminum Chloride-Induced Tau Pathology, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Via AKT/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway in Wistar Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:955-968. [PMID: 30671870 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-9999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA), a triterpenoid present in Centella asiatica, possesses the ability to cross blood brain barrier and received considerable attention for its neuroprotective role. We have reported the benefit of AA against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced amyloid pathology, enhanced acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) like model rats. Based on that, to find the exact mechanism of action of AA, the present study was designed to evaluate the oxidative stress, tau pathology, apoptosis, and Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway on AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. AD-like pathology was induced by oral administration of AlCl3 (100 mg/kg b.w.) for 6 weeks, which demonstrated a significant reduction in spatial memory performance, anxiety, and motor dysfunction and diminished the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK 5-enzyme implicated in the phosphorylation of tau proteins), pTau, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, whereas oral ingestion of AA (75 mg/kg b.w.) for 7 weeks attenuated the above-said indices, which could be by activating Akt/GSK3β pathway. Current results suggested that AA could be able to modulate various pathological features of AD and could hold promise in AD treatment.
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15
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Jurikova T, Skrovankova S, Mlcek J, Balla S, Snopek L. Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Biological Effects of European Cranberry ( Vaccinium oxycoccos). Molecules 2018; 24:E24. [PMID: 30577610 PMCID: PMC6337168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesser known fruits or underutilized fruit species are recently of great research interest due to the presence of phytochemicals that manifest many biological effects. European cranberry, Vaccinium oxycoccos fruit, as an important representative of this group, is a valuable source of antioxidants and other biologically active substances, similar to American cranberry (V. macrocarpon) which is well known and studied. European cranberry fruit is rich especially in polyphenolic compounds anthocyanins (12.4⁻207.3 mg/100 g fw), proanthocyanins (1.5⁻5.3 mg/100 g fw), and flavonols, especially quercetin (0.52⁻15.4 mg/100 g fw), which mostly contribute to the antioxidant activity of the fruit. Small cranberry is also important due to its various biological effects such as urinary tract protection (proanthocyanidins), antibacterial and antifungal properties (quercetin, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins), cardioprotective (proanthocyanidins) and anticancer activities (proanthocyanidins), and utilization in food (juice drinks, jams, jellies, sauces, additive to meat products) and pharmacological industries, and in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunde Jurikova
- Institute for teacher training, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Sona Skrovankova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Stefan Balla
- Institute for teacher training, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Lukas Snopek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
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16
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Zahr AS, Kononov T, Sensing W, Biron JA, Gold MH. An open-label, single-site study to evaluate the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of using a novel facial moisturizer for preparation and accelerated healing pre and post a single full-face radiofrequency microneedling treatment. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 18:94-106. [PMID: 30456804 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skincare cosmeceutical products have been shown to address intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging. Radiofrequency (RF) with microneedling is effective and safe in improving skin laxity and texture. Pairing skincare cosmeceutical products pre- and post-procedure is beneficial as it enhances patient results, patient results, patient experience, and reduces patient downtime. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of a multi-ingredient anti-aging facial moisturizer when applied pre- and post-procedure consisting of a single RF microneedling treatment. METHOD Fifteen female patients, aged 37-60, Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV, with mild-to-moderate wrinkles were included in the study. Patients applied a multi-ingredient anti-aging facial moisturizer twice a day (morning and night) two weeks prior to RF microneedling and four weeks post-RF microneedling (twice a day). At each time point, investigator objective assessment, self-assessments, and clinical photography were taken. RESULT There were no adverse events as evaluated by the investigator. For this combined treatment and procedure patient scored comfort as the highest for satisfaction. Tolerability parameters erythema and edema were reported after RF microneedling treatment and were significant compared to the pre-procedure timepoint. Eighty percent of patients showed an improvement in Glogau Wrinkle Scale, but improvement was not statistically significant between baseline and end of study. Improvements in all skin attributes (radiance, tone, smoothness, texture, redness, dryness, and overall appearance) were statistically significant at the end of the study. Self-perceived skin attribute improvements included overall improvement, brightness, texture, pigmentation, redness, and tightness. The combination of the anti-aging facial moisturizer and RF microneedling was recommended by the patients in this study. CONCLUSION This clinical study positively supports the hypothesis that combining the multi-ingredient anti-aging facial moisturizer pre- and post-RF microneedling was safe and tolerable for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julie A Biron
- Tennessee Clinical Research Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael H Gold
- Tennessee Clinical Research Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Nagoor Meeran MF, Goyal SN, Suchal K, Sharma C, Patil CR, Ojha SK. Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Development of Asiatic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Promise. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:892. [PMID: 30233358 PMCID: PMC6131672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a naturally occurring aglycone of ursane type pentacyclic triterpenoids. It is abundantly present in many edible and medicinal plants including Centella asiatica that is a reputed herb in many traditional medicine formulations for wound healing and neuropsychiatric diseases. AA possesses numerous pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and regulates apoptosis that attributes its therapeutic effects in numerous diseases. AA showed potent antihypertensive, nootropic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities in preclinical studies. In various in vitro and in vivo studies, AA found to affect many enzymes, receptors, growth factors, transcription factors, apoptotic proteins, and cell signaling cascades. This review aims to represent the available reports on therapeutic potential and the underlying pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of AA. The review also also discusses the challenges and prospects on the pharmaceutical development of AA such as pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, analysis and structural modifications, and drug delivery. AA showed favorable pharmacokinetics and found bioavailable following oral or interaperitoneal administration. The studies demonstrate the polypharmacological properties, therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of AA in numerous diseases. Taken together the evidences from available studies, AA appears one of the important multitargeted polypharmacological agents of natural origin for further pharmaceutical development and clinical application. Provided the favorable pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy, AA can be a promising agent or adjuvant along with currently used modern medicines with a pharmacological basis of its use in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kapil Suchal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Meicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Jing Y, Wang G, Xiao Q, Zhou Y, Wei Y, Gong Z. Antiangiogenic effects of AA-PMe on HUVECs in vitro and zebrafish in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1871-1884. [PMID: 29670362 PMCID: PMC5894717 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s157747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a vital role in many physiological and pathological processes and several diseases are connected with its dysregulation. Asiatic acid (AA) has demonstrated anticancer properties and we suspect this might be attributable to an effect on angio-genesis. A modified derivative of AA, N-(2α,3β,23-acetoxyurs-12-en-28-oyl)-L-proline methyl ester (AA-PMe), has improved efficacy over its parent compound, but its effect on blood vessel development remains unclear. Methods In this study, we investigated the antiangiogenic activity of AA and AA-PMe in zebrafish embryos and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). First of all, we treated HUVECs with increasing concentrations of AA-PMe or AA, with or without vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) present, and assessed cell viability, tube formation, and cell migration and invasion. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were later used to determine the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-mediated signaling in AA-PMe inhibition of angiogenesis. We extended these studies to follow angiogenesis using Tg(fli:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish embryos. For these experiments, embryos were treated with varying concentrations of AA-PMe or AA from 24 to 72 hours postfertilization prior to morphological observation, angiogenesis assessment, and endogenous alkaline phosphatase assay. VEGFR2 expression in whole embryos following AA-PMe treatment was also determined. Results We found AA-PMe decreased cell viability and inhibited migration and tube formation in a dose-dependent manner in HUVECs. Similarly, AA-PMe disrupted the formation of intersegmental vessels, the dorsal aorta, and the posterior cardinal vein in zebrafish embryos. Both in vitro and in vivo AA-PMe surpassed AA in its ability to block angiogenesis by suppressing VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and disrupting downstream extracellular regulated protein kinase and AKT signaling. Conclusion For the first time, this study reveals that AA-PMe acts as a potent VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor and exerts powerful antiangiogenic activity, suggesting it to be a promising therapeutic candidate for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jing
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yachun Zhou
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhunan Gong
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Hao Y, Huang J, Ma Y, Chen W, Fan Q, Sun X, Shao M, Cai H. Asiatic acid inhibits proliferation, migration and induces apoptosis by regulating Pdcd4 via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway in human colon carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8223-8230. [PMID: 29805556 PMCID: PMC5950025 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that asiatic acid (AA), the major component of Centella asiatica, is able to meditate cytotoxic and anticancer effects on various types of carcinoma cells. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism that underlies the antitumor effect of AA, the present study investigated the effects of AA on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of SW480 and HCT116 colon cancer cells. Viability and changes in cell morphology in the cells were assessed by MTT assay and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Colony formation analysis was used to observe proliferation of the single cell, and migratory ability of the cells was assessed by performing Transwell migration assay. Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining and flow cytometry were used to assess apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells. The expression of proteins associated with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker were analyzed by western blotting. The present study revealed that proliferation and migration of colon carcinoma cells were inhibited by AA in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Numerous apoptotic bodies were observed, and G2/M and S phase progression were delayed in colon cancer cells treated with AA, but not in the control group. A number of phosphorylated proteins, including PI3K, Akt (Ser473), mTOR, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) downregulated, while the expression of Pdcd4 was upregulated following treatment with AA. Additionally, AA affects expression of EMT markers in a dose-dependent manner. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that AA inhibited proliferation, migration and induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells by regulating Pdcd4 via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. These observations suggest that AA may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Hao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wancheng Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Meng Shao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hongbing Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Asiatic acid ameliorates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via mitochondria-targeted protective mechanism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 338:214-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Siddique AI, Mani V, Renganathan S, Ayyanar R, Nagappan A, Namasivayam N. Asiatic acid abridges pre-neoplastic lesions, inflammation, cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a rat model of colon carcinogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:197-211. [PMID: 29108773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The utmost aim of this present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and proapoptotic potential of Asiatic acid (AA) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in experimental rats. Rats were divided into six groups and received modified pellet diet for 32 weeks. Group 1 served as control rats. Group 2 received AA (4 mg/kg b.w. p.o.). Group 3-6 rats received 15 DMH (20 mg/kg b.w., s.c.) injections once a week starting from the 4th week. Besides DMH, rats received AA (4 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) in group 4 starting 2 weeks before carcinogen treatment till the end of the last DMH; group 5 starting 2 days after last DMH till the end of the experiment; and group 6 throughout the experiment. Pre-neoplastic lesions, xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, inflammation, cell proliferation and apoptotic markers were analysed in our study. Our results ascertained AA supplementation to DMH-exposed rats significantly decreased the incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and phase I xenobiotic enzymes; and increased the phase II xenobiotic enzymes and mucin content as compared to DMH-alone-exposed rats. Moreover the increased expressions of mast cells, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 observed in the DMH-alone-exposed rats were reverted and were comparable with those of the control rats, when treated with AA. Concordantly AA also induced apoptosis by downregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulating Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and -9 in the DMH-alone-exposed rats. Thus AA was able to inhibit DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis by detoxifying the carcinogen, decreasing the preneoplastic lesions by virtue of its anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects. Therefore our findings suggest that AA could be used as an effective chemopreventive agent against DMH induced colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aktarul Islam Siddique
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijay Mani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senbagarani Renganathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajagopal Ayyanar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ananthi Nagappan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nalini Namasivayam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang H, Sim MK, Loke WK, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Tang FR, Sethi G. Potential Protective Effects of Ursolic Acid against Gamma Irradiation-Induced Damage Are Mediated through the Modulation of Diverse Inflammatory Mediators. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:352. [PMID: 28670276 PMCID: PMC5472704 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the possible protective effects of ursolic acid (UA) against gamma radiation induced damage both in vitro as well as in vivo. It was observed that the exposure to gamma radiation dose- and time-dependently caused a significant decrease in the cell viability, while the treatment of UA attenuated this cytotoxicity. The production of free radicals including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO increased significantly post-irradiation and further induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage in cells. These deleterious effects could also be effectively blocked by UA treatment. In addition, UA also reversed gamma irradiation induced inflammatory responses, as indicated by the decreased production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. NF-κB signaling pathway has been reported to be a key mediator involved in gamma radiation-induced cellular damage. Our results further demonstrated that gamma radiation dose- and time-dependently enhanced NF-κB DNA binding activity, which was significantly attenuated upon UA treatment. The post-irradiation increase in the expression of both phospho-p65, and phospho-IκBα was also blocked by UA. Moreover, the treatment of UA was found to significantly prolong overall survival in mice exposed to whole body gamma irradiation, and reduce the excessive inflammatory responses. Given its radioprotective efficacy as described here, UA as an antioxidant and NF-κB pathway blocker, may function as an important pharmacological agent in protecting against gamma irradiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Meng-Kwoon Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Weng Keong Loke
- Agent Diagnostic and Therapeutic Laboratory, Defence and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National LaboratoriesSingapore, Singapore
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feng Ru Tang
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, PerthWA, Australia
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Siddique AI, Mani V, Arivalagan S, Thomas NS, Namasivayam N. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Asiatic acid attenuates pre-neoplastic lesions, oxidative stress, biotransforming enzymes and histopathological alterations in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced experimental rat colon carcinogenesis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:136-150. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1273422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aktarul Islam Siddique
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Vijay Mani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Sivaranjani Arivalagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Nisha Susan Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Nalini Namasivayam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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Ren L, Cao QX, Zhai FR, Yang SQ, Zhang HX. Asiatic acid exerts anticancer potential in human ovarian cancer cells via suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2377-2382. [PMID: 26984021 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1156709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Asiatic acid, a triterpenoid compound extracted from the tropical medicinal plant Centella asiatica (Family: Apiaceae), has exhibited various biological activities. Objective This study was performed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of asiatic acid on human ovarian cancer cells. Materials and methods SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells were exposed to different concentrations of asiatic acid (10-100 μg/mL) for 72 or 48 h. Cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle distribution, apoptotic response were examined. Involvement of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was tested. Results At the concentration of 40 μg/mL, asiatic acid caused about 50% reduction in the viability of ovarian cancer cells, but had little effect on the viability of normal human ovarian epithelial cells. Asiatic acid at 10 μg/mL reduced colony formation of ovarian cancer cells by 25-30%. Asiatic acid-treated cells showed a cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and 7- to 10-fold increase in apoptosis. The phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR were remarkably lower in asiatic acid-treated cells. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt partially reversed the cytotoxic effects of asiatic acid, as evidenced by increased cell viability and colony formation. Furthermore, knockdown of Akt mimicked the growth-suppressive activity of asiatic acid. Discussion and conclusion These results provide first the evidence for the anticancer potential of asiatic acid in ovarian cancer cells, partially via inactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Asiatic acid may represent a potential therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ren
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University , Kaifeng , P.R. China
| | - Qin-Xue Cao
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University , Kaifeng , P.R. China
| | - Feng-Rong Zhai
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University , Kaifeng , P.R. China
| | - Shao-Qin Yang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University , Kaifeng , P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University , Kaifeng , P.R. China
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Kim H, Ramirez CN, Su ZY, Kong ANT. Epigenetic modifications of triterpenoid ursolic acid in activating Nrf2 and blocking cellular transformation of mouse epidermal cells. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 33:54-62. [PMID: 27260468 PMCID: PMC4895202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a well-known natural triterpenoid found in abundance in blueberries, cranberries and apple peels, has been reported to possess many beneficial health effects. These effects include anticancer activity in various cancers, such as skin cancer. Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the world. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of antioxidative stress response with anticarcinogenic activity against UV- and chemical-induced tumor formation in the skin. Recent studies show that epigenetic modifications of Nrf2 play an important role in cancer prevention. However, the epigenetic impact of UA on Nrf2 signaling remains poorly understood in skin cancer. In this study, we investigated the epigenetic effects of UA on mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cells. UA inhibited cellular transformation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate at a concentration at which the cytotoxicity was no more than 25%. Under this condition, UA induced the expression of the Nrf2-mediated detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1. DNA methylation analysis revealed that UA demethylated the first 15 CpG sites of the Nrf2 promoter region, which correlated with the reexpression of Nrf2. Furthermore, UA reduced the expression of epigenetic modifying enzymes, including the DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3a and the histone deacetylases (HDACs) HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC8 (Class I) and HDAC6 and HDAC7 (Class II), and HDAC activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the epigenetic effects of the triterpenoid UA could potentially contribute to its beneficial effects, including the prevention of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Kim
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christina N Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan (Republic of China) 32023
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Lu Y, Liu S, Wang Y, Wang D, Gao J, Zhu L. Asiatic acid uncouples respiration in isolated mouse liver mitochondria and induces HepG2 cells death. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 786:212-223. [PMID: 27288117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Asiatic acid, one of the triterpenoid components isolated from Centella asiatica, has received increasing attention due to a wide variety of biological activities. To date, little is known about its mechanisms of action. Here we examined the cytotoxic effect of asiatic acid on HepG2 cells and elucidated some of the underlying mechanisms. Asiatic acid induced rapid cell death, as well as mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) dissipation, ATP depletion and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytosol in HepG2 cells. In mitochondria isolated from mouse liver, asiatic acid treatment significantly stimulated the succinate-supported state 4 respiration rate, dissipated the MMP, increased Ca(2+) release from Ca(2+)-loaded mitochondria, decreased ATP content and promoted cytochrome c release, indicating the uncoupling effect of asiatic acid. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by succinate-supported mitochondrial respiration was also significantly inhibited by asiatic acid. In addition, asiatic acid inhibited Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial swelling but did not induce mitochondrial swelling in hyposmotic potassium acetate medium which suggested that asiatic acid may not act as a protonophoric uncoupler. Inhibition of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) or blockade of adenine nucleotide transporter (ANT) attenuated the effect of asiatic acid on MMP dissipation, Ca(2+) release, mitochondrial respiration and HepG2 cell death. When combined inhibition of UCPs and ANT, asiatic acid-mediated uncoupling effect was noticeably alleviated. These results suggested that both UCPs and ANT partially contribute to the uncoupling properties of asiatic acid. In conclusion, asiatic acid is a novel mitochondrial uncoupler and this property is potentially involved in its toxicity on HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Lu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Dang Wang
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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Huang RZ, Wang CY, Li JF, Yao GY, Pan YM, Ye MY, Wang HS, Zhang Y. Synthesis, antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of novel asiatic acid derivatives containing α-aminophosphonates. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11397d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel asiatic acid derivatives containing α-aminophosphonates was designed and synthesized as antitumor agents. Compound 3d blocked the T24 cell cycle at G1/S phase by the p53-dependent pathway and induced apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
| | - Cai-Yi Wang
- College of Chemical and Material Science
- Hebei Normal University
- Shijiazhuang 050024
- China
| | - Jian-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Gui-Yang Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- PR China
| | - Ying-Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Man-Yi Ye
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science
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Wang ZH. Anti-glycative effects of asiatic acid in human keratinocyte cells. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2014; 4:19. [PMID: 25520932 PMCID: PMC4264986 DOI: 10.7603/s40681-014-0019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells served to examine effects of asiatic acid (AA) at 1, 2, 4 and 8 μM against advanced glycative endproduct (AGE)-modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) induced glycative stress. Results: AGE-BSA treatment reduced cell viability; and increased reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl, interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in HaCaT cells. Yet AA pretreatments decreased these oxidative and inflammatory factors, dose-dependently lowering nitric oxide synthase activity and expression. AGE-BSA raised activity and expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8. AA pretreatments at 2-8 μM decreased activity and expression of these two caspases. AGE-BSA declined collagen I expression, but enhanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-8 and MMP-9 protein expression. AA pretreatments at 2-8 μM maintained collagen I expression, and reduced three MMPs expression. AGE-BSA also up-regulated RAGE (receptor of AGE), p-p38 and p-JNK expression. AA pretreatments at 2-8 μM suppressed RAGE expression, and at 1-8 μM down-regulated p-p38 and p-JNK expression. Conclusion: Asiatic acid, via its anti-glycative activity, could protect skin. Thus, this compound could be developed as an external agent and applied for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ursolic Acid-Regulated Energy Metabolism-Reliever or Propeller of Ultraviolet-Induced Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage? Proteomes 2014; 2:399-425. [PMID: 28250388 PMCID: PMC5302752 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes2030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light is a leading cause of diseases, such as skin cancers and cataracts. A main process mediating UV-induced pathogenesis is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS levels induce the formation of DNA adducts (e.g., pyrimidine dimers) and result in stalled DNA replication forks. In addition, ROS promotes phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase-coupled hormone receptors and alters downstream energy metabolism. With respect to the risk of UV-induced photocarcinogenesis and photodamage, the antitumoral and antioxidant functions of natural compounds become important for reducing UV-induced adverse effects. One important question in the field is what determines the differential sensitivity of various types of cells to UV light and how exogenous molecules, such as phytochemicals, protect normal cells from UV-inflicted damage while potentiating tumor cell death, presumably via interaction with intracellular target molecules and signaling pathways. Several endogenous molecules have emerged as possible players mediating UV-triggered DNA damage responses. Specifically, UV activates the PIKK (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase) family members, which include DNA-PKcs, ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), whose signaling can be affected by energy metabolism; however, it remains unclear to what extent the activation of hormone receptors regulates PIKKs and whether this crosstalk occurs in all types of cells in response to UV. This review focuses on proteomic descriptions of the relationships between cellular photosensitivity and the phenotypic expression of the insulin/insulin-like growth receptor. It covers the cAMP-dependent pathways, which have recently been shown to regulate the DNA repair machinery through interactions with the PIKK family members. Finally, this review provides a strategic illustration of how UV-induced mitogenic activity is modulated by the insulin sensitizer, ursolic acid (UA), which results in the metabolic adaptation of normal cells against UV-induced ROS, and the metabolic switch of tumor cells subject to UV-induced damage. The multifaceted natural compound, UA, specifically inhibits photo-oxidative DNA damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells while enhancing that in skin melanoma. Considering the UA-mediated differential effects on cell bioenergetics, this article reviews the disparities in glucose metabolism between tumor and normal cells, along with (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α)-dependent mitochondrial metabolism and redox (reduction-oxidation) control to demonstrate UA-induced synthetic lethality in tumor cells.
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Tomankova K, Kolarova H, Pizova K, Binder S, Konecny P, Kriegova E, Malina L, Horakova J, Malohlava J, Kejlova K, Jirova D. Cytotoxicity and Antioxidative Effects of Herbal and Fruit Extracts In Vitro. FOOD BIOPHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-014-9349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Lee YH, Wang E, Kumar N, Glickman RD. Ursolic acid differentially modulates apoptosis in skin melanoma and retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to UV-VIS broadband radiation. Apoptosis 2014; 19:816-28. [PMID: 24375173 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The signaling pathways via mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) play key roles in transcription, translation and carcinogenesis, and may be activated by light exposure. These pathways can be modulated by naturally occurring compounds, such as the triterpenoid, ursolic acid (UA). Previously, the transcription factors p53 and NF-κB, which transactivate mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes, were shown to be differentially modulated by UA. UA-modulated apoptosis, following exposure to UV-VIS radiation (ultraviolet to visible light broadband radiation, hereafter abbreviated to UVR), is observed to correspond to differential levels of oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and skin melanoma (SM) cells. The cellular response to this phytochemical was characterized using western blot, flow cytometry, microscopy with reactive oxidative species probes MitoTracker and dihydroethidium, and membrane permeability assay. UA pretreatment potentiated cell cycle arrest and UVR-induced apoptosis selectively in SM cells while reducing photo-oxidative stress in the DNA of RPE cells presumably by antioxidant activity of UA. Mechanistically, the nuclear transportation of p65 and p53 was reduced by UA administration prior to UVR exposure while the levels of p65 and p53 nuclear transportation in SM cells were sustained at a substantially higher level. Finally, the mitochondrial functional assay showed that UVR induced the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and this effect was exacerbated by rapamycin or UA pretreatment in SM preferentially. These results were consistent with reduced proliferation observed in the clonogenic assay, indicating that UA treatment enhanced the phototoxicity of UVR, by modulating the activation of p53 and NF-κB and initiating a mitogenic response to optical radiation that triggered mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, particularly in skin melanoma cells. The study indicates that this compound has multiple actions with the potential for protecting normal cells while sensitizing skin melanoma cells to UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Kwon KJ, Bae S, Kim K, An IS, Ahn KJ, An S, Cha HJ. Asiaticoside, a component of Centella asiatica, inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:503-7. [PMID: 24756377 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is the process of generating pigmentation via melanin synthesis and delivery. Three key enzymes, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1) and TRP2, metabolize melanin from L-tyrosine. Melanin synthesizing enzymes are regulated by microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). The titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA) contains the major components asiatic acid, asiaticoside and madecassic acid. The present study revealed that TECA reduces the melanin content in melanocytes. Moreover, the asiaticoside contained in TECA modulated melanogenesis by inhibiting tyrosinase mRNA expression. The decrease in tyrosinase mRNA levels was mediated through MITF. Uniquely, asiaticoside inhibited MITF by decreasing its DNA binding affinity. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that asiaticoside treatment may have beneficial effects in hyperpigmentation diseases or for skin whitening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku Jung Kwon
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences and Molecular‑Targeted Drug Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences and Molecular‑Targeted Drug Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Karam Kim
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences and Molecular‑Targeted Drug Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sook An
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences and Molecular‑Targeted Drug Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences and Molecular‑Targeted Drug Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jun Cha
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences and Molecular‑Targeted Drug Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
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Zhang J, Ai L, Lv T, Jiang X, Liu F. Asiatic acid, a triterpene, inhibits cell proliferation through regulating the expression of focal adhesion kinase in multiple myeloma cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1762-1766. [PMID: 24260073 PMCID: PMC3834345 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether asiatic acid (AA), a pentacyclic triterpene derived from Centella asiatica, exerts anti-proliferative effects on multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells and to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the anticancer action of AA. The study sought to analyze the potential role of AA on the proliferation of the RPMI 8226 cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium assay. Cell cycle arrest was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in the myeloma cells induced by AA were analyzed using the western blotting and immunoprecipitation methods. The results indicated that AA significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner and led to G2/M phase arrest at concentrations of 35 and 40 μmol/l in the RPMI 8226 cells. The expression levels of FAK and p-FAK were distinctly decreased following AA treatment (at the concentration of 40 μmol/l) for 24 h compared with that of the control groups. Taken together, these results demonstrated that AA was able to regulate cell cycle progression in RPMI 8226 cells, thereby significantly inhibiting cell growth. Furthermore, AA decreased the expression levels of FAK, indicating that the antitumor mechanism of AA may be associated with the inhibition of signal transduction mediated by FAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Ramachandran V, Saravanan R. Asiatic acid prevents lipid peroxidation and improves antioxidant status in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Ramachandran V, Saravanan R. Efficacy of asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene on attenuating the key enzymes activities of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:230-236. [PMID: 23102509 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA), a triterpenoid derivative of Centella asiatica, has shown significant biological effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Aim of this investigation was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of AA on the activities of hepatic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. To induce diabetes mellitus, rats were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally at a single dose of 40 mg/kg b.w. Diabetic rats showed significant (p<0.05) increased in plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and significant (p<0.05) decreased in circulating insulin and hemoglobin. The altered activities of key enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase of carbohydrate metabolism significantly (p<0.05) increased whereas hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycogen content significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the liver of diabetic rats and also increased activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Oral administration of AA (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w.) and glibenclamide (600 μg/kg b.w.) to diabetic rats for 45 days prevented the above alteration and reverted to near normalcy. Protection of body weight loss of diabetic rats by AA was also observed. No significant effect was observed in normal rats treated with AA (20 mg/kg b.w.). In this search, AA found to be potential bioactive compound to regulate the carbohydrate metabolism by modulating the key regulatory enzymes in diabetic rats. These findings merit further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayagam Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Huang FX, Lin XH, He WN, Song W, Ye M, Yang WZ, Guo DA. Two new oxidation products obtained from the biotransformation of asiatic acid by the fungus Fusarium avenaceum AS 3.4594. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:1039-1045. [PMID: 23106376 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.702761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a natural triterpenoid possessing anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Structural modification of AA may provide valuable information for further structure-activity relationship analysis. Biotransformation is an efficient, specific, and environment friendly technology for structural modification of complicated natural products. In this study, the capabilities of twenty-five strains of filamentous fungi to transform AA were screened. Two new and one known oxidation products metabolized by Fusarium avenaceum AS 3.4594 were isolated. Their chemical structures were characterized as 2-oxo-3β,15α,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (1), 3-oxo-2,15α,23-trihydroxyurs-1,12-dien-28-oic acid (2), and 2-oxo-3β,23-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic-acid (3) by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Xia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Nair SN, Menon S, Shailajan S. A liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method for quantification of asiatic acid from plasma: application to pharmacokinetic study in rats. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1899-1908. [PMID: 22847688 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Asiatic acid (AA), a pentacyclic triterpene from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, has shown numerous therapeutic activities. However, none of the published works to date has used high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) for determination of AA from biological fluids. Therefore, the present paper describes a sensitive HPLC/electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS method for quantification of AA in rat plasma. METHODS Ammonium adduct formation of AA was essential in the development of a sensitive method with the rat plasma samples being pre-treated by a simple solid-phase extraction method. The separation was achieved on a Cosmosil C(18) column using a gradient mobile phase flow. Detection was performed using an Applied Biosystems API Q-Trap 2000 mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI source operated in positive mode with colchicine used as internal standard. RESULTS An eight-point calibration curve over the concentration range of 1.02-407.88 ng/mL for AA from rat plasma provided an optimum linear detector response (with r(2) >0.9983). The mean percentage recovery (n = 3) for the low, middle and high quality control samples was 91.23 ± 1.88%, 90.36 ± 0.55% and 89.71 ± 0.21%, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the quality control samples were within ≤5% and ±7% correspondingly. CONCLUSIONS The developed method was validated as per US FDA guidelines and applicability demonstrated by successful measurement of AA from plasma following oral administration of C. asiatica extracts to Wistar rats. The results suggest that the method could be applied to therapeutic monitoring of AA and pharmacokinetic studies in human volunteers.
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Hong YD, Yoo DS, Nam MH, Kim HC, Park SJ, Shin SS, Cheon JW, Park YH. Excellent Anti-aging Effects of Ursolic acid and Oleanolic acid Present in Ligustrum lucidum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.15230/scsk.2012.38.2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hwang IS, Kim JE, Choi SI, Lee HR, Lee YJ, Jang MJ, Son HJ, Lee HS, Oh CH, Kim BH, Lee SH, Hwang DY. UV radiation-induced skin aging in hairless mice is effectively prevented by oral intake of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruit blend for 6 weeks through MMP suppression and increase of SOD activity. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:392-400. [PMID: 22641502 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and oxidative photodamage induced by UV radiation can cause serious skin damage that is characterized by wrinkling, roughness, laxity and pigmentation. The effects of a sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruit blend (SFB) containing sea buckthorn fruit extract, blueberry extract and collagen on UV-induced skin aging were examined by treating hairless mice for 6 weeks with UV irradiation and SFB administered orally. The effects of SFB were measured in the skin of these mice by phenotypical and histological analysis and western blotting. According to wrinkle formation analysis, the oral intake of SFB induced a decrease in wrinkle formation in the damaged skin of UV-irradiated mice. The thickness of the epidermis and dermis in the vitamin extracts (Vit)- and SFB-treated group was lower than that in the vehicle-treated group, but the group treated with SFB50 was the most effective group. The mice treated with the Vit- or SFB solution maintained a normal moisture content through the inhibition of transdermal water loss (TEWL) and an increase in skin moisture content. Furthermore, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and collagen protein expression were assessed in five groups to examine the mechanisms underlying the effects of SFB oral intake. The application of SFB induced a decrease in MMP-1 and -9 expression to the levels observed in the vehicle-treated group, but MMP-9 expression showed a much larger decrease than MMP-1. Furthermore, the expression of collagen-1 in the skin corresponded to MMP expression except for the SFB30-treated group, whereas the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased dramatically in the SFB50-treated group. These results suggest that SFB has potential as a protective and therapeutic drug candidate against skin aging that functions by regulating the moisture content, MMP expression levels and SOD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sik Hwang
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
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Jean C, Bogdanowicz P, Haure MJ, Castex-Rizzi N, Fournié JJ, Laurent G. UVA-activated synthesis of metalloproteinases 1, 3 and 9 is prevented by a broad-spectrum sunscreen. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2012; 27:318-24. [PMID: 22092736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific sunscreens against ultraviolet (UV) A and B radiations are essential to prevent matrix degradation and the activation of intracellular signaling pathways involved in photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Matrix degradation results from UVA-induced production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and activation of intracellular pathways in fibroblasts and keratinocytes. In particular, in keratinocytes, UVA radiation induces β-catenin nuclear translocation and stimulates MMP gene transcription. Our study was aimed at assessing the efficacy of a specific broad-spectrum sunscreen in preventing β-catenin translocation and MMPs enhanced expression in cultured keratinocytes after UVA irradiation. METHODS Sunscreen or the vehicle was spread on quartz sheet. Irradiation of HaCaT cells with 6 J/cm(2) UVA was performed through the sheet, and cells were collected for β-catenin immunostaining then visualization by confocal microscopy, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of MMP-1, -3 and -9 gene expression. RESULTS As shown by immunostaining and confocal microscopy, the sunscreen abrogated UVA-induced beta-catenin translocation to the nucleus, in comparison with control groups. MMP-1, -3 and -9 mRNA expression was enhanced by 7, 7 and 4 folds (P < 0.0001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) in unprotected UVA-irradiated cells compared to the non-irradiated control. Sunscreen protection of the cells significantly reduced UVA-induced expression of MMP-1, -3 and -9 by 83% (P < 0.01), 80% (P < 0.01) and 65% (P < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the efficacy of this broad-spectrum sunscreen in preventing UVA-induced effects on the markers of photoaging and photocarcinogenesis in vitro. It was able to protect HaCaT keratinocytes from UVA-induced β-catenin translocation to the nucleus and MMPs expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Jean
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
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H M, Khatib A, Shaari K, Abas F, Shitan M, Kneer R, Neto V, Lajis NH. Discrimination of three Pegaga (Centella) varieties and determination of growth-lighting effects on metabolites content based on the chemometry of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:410-417. [PMID: 22084897 DOI: 10.1021/jf200270y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The metabolites of three species of Apiaceae, also known as Pegaga, were analyzed utilizing (1)H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) resolved the species, Centella asiatica, Hydrocotyle bonariensis, and Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, into three clusters. The saponins, asiaticoside and madecassoside, along with chlorogenic acids were the metabolites that contributed most to the separation. Furthermore, the effects of growth-lighting condition to metabolite contents were also investigated. The extracts of C. asiatica grown in full-day light exposure exhibited a stronger radical scavenging activity and contained more triterpenes (asiaticoside and madecassoside), flavonoids, and chlorogenic acids as compared to plants grown in 50% shade. This study established the potential of using a combination of (1)H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analyses in differentiating three closely related species and the effects of growth lighting, based on their metabolite contents and identification of the markers contributing to their differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulidiani H
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sultana N. Clinically useful anticancer, antitumor, and antiwrinkle agent, ursolic acid and related derivatives as medicinally important natural product. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:616-42. [PMID: 21417964 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.546793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are becoming an important research area for novel and bioactive molecules for drug discovery. Novel therapeutic strategies and agents are urgently needed to treat different incurable diseases. Many plant derived active compounds are in human clinical trials. Currently ursolic acid is in human clinical trial for treating cancer, tumor, and skin wrinkles. This review includes the clinical use of ursolic acid in various diseases including anticancer, antitumor, and antiwrinkle chemotherapies, and the isolation and purification of this tritepernoid from various plants to update current knowledge on the rapid analysis of ursolic acid by using analytical methods. In addition, the chemical modifications of ursolic acid to make more effective and water soluble derivatives, previous and current information regarding, its natural and semisynthetic analogs, focusing on its anticancer, cytotoxic, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, acetyl cholinesterase, α-glucosidase, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities, briefly discussion is attempted here for its research perspectives. This review article contains fourteen medicinally important ursolic acid derivatives and 351 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Sultana
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Kavitha CV, Agarwal C, Agarwal R, Deep G. Asiatic acid inhibits pro-angiogenic effects of VEGF and human gliomas in endothelial cell culture models. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22745. [PMID: 21826202 PMCID: PMC3149605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are one of the most devastating and incurable tumors. Sustained excessive angiogenesis by glioma cells is the major reason for their uncontrolled growth and resistance toward conventional therapies resulting in high mortality. Therefore, targeting angiogenesis should be a logical strategy to prevent or control glioma cell growth. Earlier studies have shown that Asiatic Acid (AsA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, is effective against glioma and other cancer cells; however, its efficacy against angiogenesis remains unknown. In the present study, we examined the anti-angiogenic efficacy of AsA using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Our results showed that AsA (5–20 µM) inhibits HUVEC growth and induces apoptotic cell death by activating caspases (3 and 9) and modulating the expression of apoptosis regulators Bad, survivin and pAkt-ser473. Further, AsA showed a dose-dependent inhibition of HUVEC migration, invasion and capillary tube formation, and disintegrated preformed capillary network. AsA also inhibited the VEGF-stimulated growth and capillary tube formation by HUVEC and HBMEC. Next, we analyzed the angiogenic potential of conditioned media collected from human glioma LN18 and U87-MG cells treated with either DMSO (control conditioned media, CCM) or AsA 20 µM (AsA20 conditioned media, AsA20CM). CCM from glioma cells significantly enhanced the capillary tube formation in both HUVEC and HBMEC, while capillary tube formation in both endothelial cell lines was greatly compromised in the presence of AsA20CM. Consistent with these results, VEGF expression was lesser in AsA20CM compared to CCM, and indeed AsA strongly inhibited VEGF level (both cellular and secreted) in glioma cells. AsA also showed dose-dependent anti-angiogenic efficacy in Matrigel plug assay, and inhibited the glioma cells potential to attract HUVEC/HBMEC. Overall, the present study clearly showed the strong anti-angiogenic potential of AsA and suggests its usefulness against malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandagirikoppal V. Kavitha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The skin undergoes intrinsic aging as a normal course, but exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light results in major cumulative damage that manifests as the typical aged photodamaged skin. UV irradiation produces a sequence of changes within the skin layers starting with signaling processes following DNA damage and culminating in nonabsorbed fragmentation of collagen and other proteins within the extracellular matrix. These fragments promote the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that further aggravate the damage to the ground substance and add to fragment accumulation. This study describes a unique sequential approach to controlling this photodamage - inhibition of signaling, inhibition of MMPs, proteasome stimulation and mopping up of fragments, stimulation of procollagen and collagen production, and uniform packaging of new collagen fibers. Thus, a multifaceted approach is introduced with presentation of a unique product formulation based on these research principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Widgerow
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Antinociceptive activities and the mechanisms of anti-inflammation of asiatic Acid in mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:895857. [PMID: 21584194 PMCID: PMC3092715 DOI: 10.1155/2011/895857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA), a pentacyclic triterpene compound in the medicinal plant Centella asiatica, was evaluated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Treatment of male ICR mice with AA significantly inhibited the numbers of acetic acid-induced writhing responses and the formalin-induced pain in the late phase. In the anti-inflammatory test, AA decreased the paw edema at the 4th and 5th h after λ-carrageenan (Carr) administration and increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver tissue. AA decreased the nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels on serum level at the 5th h after Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that AA decreased Carr-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expressions at the 5th h in the edema paw. An intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection treatment with AA also diminished neutrophil infiltration into sites of inflammation as did indomethacin (Indo). The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of AA might be related to the decrease in the level of MDA, iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB in the edema paw via increasing the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx in the liver.
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Yoo JM, Kang YJ, Pyo HB, Choung ES, Park SY, Choi JH, Han GJ, Lee CH, Kim TJ. Anti-Wrinkle Effects of Korean Rice Wine Cake on Human Fibroblast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2010.20.12.1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Takada K, Nakane T, Masuda K, Ishii H. Ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, members of pentacyclic triterpenoid acids, suppress TNF-α-induced E-selectin expression by cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:1114-9. [PMID: 20579861 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
E-selectin is an early response adhesion molecule expressed on the surface of endothelial cells during inflammatory responses. We examined the effects of two pentacyclic triterpenoid acids, ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA), on the expression of E-selectin by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment of the cells with UA or OA alone did not influence expression of E-selectin. Expression of E-selectin mRNA and surface antigen by HUVECs was induced by treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. TNF-α-induced up-regulation of E-selectin was abrogated by pre-treatment of the cells with UA or OA which decreased expression of E-selectin mRNA. The repression of E-selectin mRNA expression caused by the pentacyclic triterpenoid acids paralleled the inhibition of NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation, as evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, although the degree of repression by UA was approximately two times more effective than that of OA. The results suggest that UA and OA suppress the inflammatory cytokine-induced expression of E-selectin in endothelial cells by decreasing E-selectin transcription via inhibition of NF-κB activation. Thus, UA and OA function as anti-inflammatory agents. The differences in the inhibitory efficacy between UA and OA may be due to conformational differences in ring-E of the two pentacyclic triterpenoid acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takada
- Laboratory of Molecular Cellular Pathophysiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Higashi Tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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Ramachandran S, Prasad NR. Effect of ursolic acid, a triterpenoid antioxidant, on ultraviolet-B radiation-induced cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 176:99-107. [PMID: 18793624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB, 280-320) radiation induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the biological system. In this study, we examined the protective effect of ursolic acid on UVB-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage with reference to alterations in cellular antioxidant status in human lymphocytes. Series of in vitro tests (hydroxyl radical, superoxide, nitric oxide, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays) demonstrates antioxidant property of ursolic acid in our study. Treatment of lymphocytes with ursolic acid alone (at 10 microg/mL) gave no significant change in cell viability, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), lipid hydroperoxides (LHPs), % tail DNA and tail moment when compared with normal lymphocytes. UVB-exposure significantly increased TBARS, LHP and % tail DNA, tail moment; decreased % cell viability and antioxidant status in irradiated lymphocytes. Treatment with ursolic acid 30 min prior to UVB-exposure resulted in a significant decline of TBARS, LHP, % tail DNA and tail moment and increased % cell viability as ursolic acid concentration increased. Based on our results we conclude that ursolic acid, a dietary antioxidant, mediates its protective effect through modulation of UVB-induced reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
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Rafat M, Fong KW, Goldsipe A, Stephenson BC, Coradetti ST, Sambandan T, Sinskey AJ, Rha C. Association (micellization) and partitioning of aglycon triterpenoids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 325:324-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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ChoiPark WHD, Baek SH, Chu JP, Kang MH, Mi YJ. Cannabidiol Induces Cytotoxicity and Cell Death via Apoptotic Pathway in Cancer Cell Lines. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2008. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2008.16.2.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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