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Intagliata S, Agha H, Kopajtic TA, Katz JL, Kamble SH, Sharma A, Avery BA, McCurdy CR. Exploring 1-adamantanamine as an alternative amine moiety for metabolically labile azepane ring in newly synthesized benzo[ d]thiazol-2(3 H)one σ receptor ligands. Med Chem Res 2020; 29:1697-1706. [PMID: 33584084 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work we report the structure-activity relationships, binding properties, and metabolic stability studies of a series of benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)one as sigma receptors (σRs) ligands. Specifically, to improve the metabolic stability of the cyclic amine fragment of our lead compound (SN56), the metabolically unstable azepane ring was replaced with a 1-adatamantamine moiety. Within the synthesized analogs, compound 12 had low nanomolar affinity for the σ1R (K i = 7.2 nM) and moderate preference (61-fold) over the σ2R. In vitro metabolic stability studies showed a slight improvement of the metabolic stability for 7-12, even though an extensive metabolism in rat liver microsomes is being observed. Furthermore, metabolic soft spot identification of 12 suggested that the N-methyl group of the adamantyl moiety is a major site of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.,Department of BioMolecular Science, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Hebaalla Agha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Theresa A Kopajtic
- Psychobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jonathan L Katz
- Psychobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shyam H Kamble
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Bonnie A Avery
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.,Department of BioMolecular Science, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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2
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Ossa F, Schnell JR, Ortega-Roldan JL. A Review of the Human Sigma-1 Receptor Structure. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:15-29. [PMID: 28315262 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The Sigma-1 Receptor (S1R) is a small, ligand-regulated integral membrane protein involved in cell homeostasis and the cellular stress response. The receptor has a multitude of protein and small molecule interaction partners with therapeutic potential. Newly reported structures of the human S1R in ligand-bound states provides essential insights into small molecule binding in the context of the overall protein structure. The structure also raises many interesting questions and provides an excellent starting point for understanding the molecular tricks employed by this small membrane receptor to modulate a large number of signaling events. Here, we review insights from the structures of ligand-bound S1R in the context of previous biochemical studies and propose, from a structural viewpoint, a set of important future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ossa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jason R Schnell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - José Luis Ortega-Roldan
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Stacey Building, Room 215B, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
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3
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Gerova MS, Stateva SR, Radonova EM, Kalenderska RB, Rusew RI, Nikolova RP, Chanev CD, Shivachev BL, Apostolova MD, Petrov OI. Combretastatin A-4 analogues with benzoxazolone scaffold: Synthesis, structure and biological activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 120:121-33. [PMID: 27187864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to design and synthesize a new class of heterocyclic analogues of natural combretastatin A-4 and its synthetic derivative AVE8062, the benzoxazolone ring was selected as a scaffold for a bioisosteric replacement of the ring B of both molecules. A library of 28 cis- and trans-styrylbenzoxazolones was obtained by a modified Wittig reaction under Boden's conditions. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds bearing the 3,4,5-trimethoxy-, 3,4-dimethoxy-, 3,5-dimethoxy-, and 4-methoxystyryl fragment at position 4, 5, 6 or 7 of benzoxazolone core were determined on the basis of spectral and X ray data. The in vitro cytotoxicity of styrylbenzoxazolones against different cell lines was examined. Stilbene derivative 16Z, (Z)-3-methyl-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl)-2(3H)-benzoxazolone, showed highest antiproliferative potential of the series, with IC50 of 0.25 μM against combretastatin resistant cell line HT-29, 0.19 μM against HepG2, 0.28 μM against EA.hy926 and 0.73 μM against K562 cells. Furthermore, the results of flow cytometric analysis confirmed that 16Z induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase in the cell lines like combretastatin A-4. This arrest is followed by an abnormal exit of cells from mitosis without cytokinesis into a pseudo G1-like multinucleate state leading to late apoptosis and cell death. Accordingly, synthetic analogue 16Z was identified as the most promising potential anticancer agent in present study, and was selected as lead compound for further detailed investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Gerova
- University of Sofia "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Applied Organic Chemistry, 1 James Bourchier Blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silviya R Stateva
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elena M Radonova
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa B Kalenderska
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rusi I Rusew
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 107, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa P Nikolova
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 107, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christo D Chanev
- University of Sofia "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Applied Organic Chemistry, 1 James Bourchier Blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boris L Shivachev
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 107, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Margarita D Apostolova
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ognyan I Petrov
- University of Sofia "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Applied Organic Chemistry, 1 James Bourchier Blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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4
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Thiazole: a promising heterocycle for the development of potent CNS active agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 92:1-34. [PMID: 25544146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Thiazole is a valuable scaffold in the field of medicinal chemistry and has accounted to display a variety of biological activities. Thiazole and its derivatives have attracted continuing interest to design various novel CNS active agents. In the past few decades, thiazoles have been widely used to develop a variety of therapeutic agents against numerous CNS targets. Thiazole containing drug molecules are currently being used in treatment of various CNS disorders and a number of thiazole derivatives are also presently in clinical trials. A lot of research has been carried out on thiazole and their analogues, which has proved their efficacy to overcome several CNS disorders in rodent as well as primate models. The aim of present review is to highlights diverse CNS activities displayed by thiazole and their derivatives. SAR of this nucleus has also been well discussed. This review covers the recent updates present in literature and will surely provide a greater insight for the designing and development of potent thiazole based CNS active agents in future.
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5
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Lan Y, Chen Y, Xu X, Qiu Y, Liu S, Liu X, Liu BF, Zhang G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel sigma-1 receptor antagonist based on 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone scaffold as a potential analgesic. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 79:216-30. [PMID: 24735647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) antagonist activity of a new series of 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives are reported. The new compounds were evaluated in vitro in sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptor-binding assays in guinea pig brain membranes. The structure-activity relationship led us to the promising derivative 7-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (35). The compounds with highest affinity and greatest selectivity were further profiled, and compound 35 had a high binding constant for sigma-1 receptor (Kiσ1 = 1.22 nM) and high sigma-1/2 selectivity (1066-fold). Thus, compound 35, which proved to be an antagonist of sigma-1 receptor, emerged as the most interesting candidate. In addition, compound 35 exerted dose-dependent anti-nociceptive effects in the formalin test. These characteristics suggested that the potent and selective compound 35 could be a potent candidate for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lan
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Xiangqing Xu
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Yinli Qiu
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Shicheng Liu
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guisen Zhang
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
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6
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Structure–activity relationships for novel drug precursor N-substituted-6-acylbenzothiazolon derivatives: A theoretical approach. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Sıdır İ, Gülseven Sıdır Y, Berber H. Acidity constant determination of novel drug precursor benzothiazolon derivatives including acyl and piperazine moieties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 111:211-216. [PMID: 23644445 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, protonation and deprotonation behaviors of eight new drug precursor benzothiazolon derivatives in all of acidic and basic scale (super acidic, pH, super basic regions) are analyzed by using UV-visible spectrophotometric technique. Acidity constants (pKa), elucidation of the structure and protonation mechanisms of the studied molecules are obtained. Substituent effect on acidity constant values is discussed. These molecules are protonated from oxygen atom of acetamide group in the keto form. The protonation is found to be considerably contributed by the keto form.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsa Sıdır
- Bitlis Eren University, Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Physics, 13000 Bitlis, Turkey.
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8
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James ML, Shen B, Zavaleta CL, Nielsen CH, Mesangeau C, Vuppala PK, Chan C, Avery BA, Fishback JA, Matsumoto RR, Gambhir SS, McCurdy CR, Chin FT. New positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for imaging σ-1 receptors in living subjects. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8272-8282. [PMID: 22853801 PMCID: PMC4106900 DOI: 10.1021/jm300371c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
σ-1 receptor (S1R) radioligands have the potential to detect and monitor various neurological diseases. Herein we report the synthesis, radiofluorination, and evaluation of a new S1R ligand 6-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(azepan-1-yl)ethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one ([(18)F]FTC-146, [(18)F]13). [(18)F]13 was synthesized by nucleophilic fluorination, affording a product with >99% radiochemical purity (RCP) and specific activity (SA) of 2.6 ± 1.2 Ci/μmol (n = 13) at end of synthesis (EOS). Positron emission tomography (PET) and ex vivo autoradiography studies of [(18)F]13 in mice showed high uptake of the radioligand in S1R rich regions of the brain. Pretreatment with 1 mg/kg haloperidol (2), nonradioactive 13, or BD1047 (18) reduced the binding of [(18)F]13 in the brain at 60 min by 80%, 82%, and 81%, respectively, suggesting that [(18)F]13 accumulation in mouse brain represents specific binding to S1Rs. These results indicate that [(18)F]13 is a promising candidate radiotracer for further evaluation as a tool for studying S1Rs in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. James
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Bin Shen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Cristina L. Zavaleta
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Carsten H. Nielsen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging & Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christophe Mesangeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Pradeep K. Vuppala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Carmel Chan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Bonnie A. Avery
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - James A. Fishback
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26506-9500, USA
| | - Rae R. Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26506-9500, USA
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Christopher R. McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Frederick T. Chin
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
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9
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A 96-well filtration method for radioligand binding analysis of σ receptor ligands. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 71:157-61. [PMID: 22910107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
σ receptors represent a potential drug target for numerous therapeutic indications including cancer, depression, psychostimulant abuse, and stroke. Most published radioligand binding studies for σ receptors utilize a low throughput method employing a "cell harvester." Higher throughput methods are required to facilitate efficient screening of large numbers of novel compounds. In this study, a series of reference compounds was analyzed with a new medium-throughput 96-well filtration method and the results were compared to those obtained using the conventional cell harvester-based method. The 96-well assay utilized rat liver membranes for the determination of both known σ receptor subtypes (σ(1) and σ(2)) because this tissue contains high densities of both subtypes and fulfills criteria required for reliable use with the 96-well format. The new method gave comparable K(i) values for reference ligands analyzed in parallel with samples prepared in rat brain membranes and processed on the traditional cell harvester. For σ(1) receptors, equivalent affinity values were observed for both methods/tissues. For σ(2) receptors, approximately 2-fold higher affinities were observed for most compounds in liver, as compared to brain membranes, but excellent correlation with brain-derived values was maintained. To further demonstrate the utility of the new method it was used to screen a novel series of 2(3H)-benzothiazolone compounds, resulting in the identification of several analogues with nanomolar affinity and greater than 50-fold specificity for σ(1) versus σ(2) receptors.
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10
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Gülseven Sıdır Y, Sıdır İ, Berber H. Spectroscopic Determination of Acid Dissociation Constants of N-Substituted-6-acylbenzothiazolone Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5112-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2018549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadigar Gülseven Sıdır
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bitlis Eren University, 13000, Bitlis, Turkey
| | - İsa Sıdır
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bitlis Eren University, 13000, Bitlis, Turkey
| | - Halil Berber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
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11
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Ab initio Hartree–Fock and density functional theory investigations on the conformational stability, molecular structure and vibrational spectra of 3-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Hindmarch I, Hashimoto K. Cognition and depression: the effects of fluvoxamine, a sigma-1 receptor agonist, reconsidered. Hum Psychopharmacol 2010; 25:193-200. [PMID: 20373470 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a primary feature of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and is characterised by stress-induced neural atrophy. Via alpha-adrenergic, anti-cholinergic and anti-histaminic activities, several antidepressants can cause significant counter-therapeutic cognitive impairment. Evidence is emerging of the involvement of sigma-1 receptor agonism in the mechanism of action of some antidepressants, notably fluvoxamine. Sigma-1 receptors are abundant in areas affected by depression/stress-induced cerebral atrophy and their ligands have a unique pharmacological profile; they may promote neurogenesis and initiate adaptive neural plasticity as a protection/reaction to stress. Fluvoxamine, as a potent sigma-1 receptor agonist, has shown ameliorating effects in animal models of psychosis, depression, stress, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and aggression and has been shown to improve cognitive impairments. In humans, fluvoxamine may repair central nervous system (CNS) atrophy and restore cognitive function. The current review explores the mechanisms through which sigma-1 receptors can modulate cognitive function and examines how antidepressant therapy with fluvoxamine may help improve cognitive outcomes in patients with depression.
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13
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Corbera J, Vaño D, Martínez D, Vela JM, Zamanillo D, Dordal A, Andreu F, Hernandez E, Perez R, Escriche M, Salgado L, Yeste S, Serafini MT, Pascual R, Alegre J, Calvet MC, Cano N, Carro M, Buschmann H, Holenz J. A Medicinal-Chemistry-Guided Approach to Selective and Druglike Sigma 1 Ligands. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:140-54. [PMID: 16892345 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200500034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Based on a medicinal-chemistry-guided approach, three novel series of druglike cycloalkyl-annelated pyrazoles were synthesized and display high affinity (pKi>8) for the sigma1 receptor. Structure-affinity relationships were established, and the different scaffolds were optimized with respect to sigma1 binding and selectivity versus the sigma2 receptor and the hERG channel, resulting in selective compounds that have Ki values (for sigma1) in the subnanomolar range. Selected compounds were screened for cytochrome P450 inhibition (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4), metabolic stability (rat and human liver microsomes), and cell-membrane permeability (Caco-2). They showed favorable in vitro ADME properties as well as favorable calculated druglike and experimental physicochemical properties. Furthermore, compounds 7 f and 17 a, for example, displayed high selectivity (affinity) for the sigma1 receptor against a wide range of other receptors (>60). With these valuable tool compounds in hand, we are further exploring the role of the sigma1 receptor in relevant animal models corresponding to such medicinal indications as drug abuse, pain, depression, anxiety, and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Corbera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratorios Dr. Esteve S.A. Av. Mare de Déu de Montserrat 221, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Abstract
Psychotic major depression is a severe condition that frequently proves difficult-to-treat. The most effective traditional treatments (electroconvulsive therapy and combinations of antipsychotics with tricyclic antidepressants) are associated with significant side effects, and the use of tricyclic antidepressants alone is largely ineffective. Recent evidence has indicated that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, either alone or in combination with antipsychotics, may provide a desirable alternative to traditional treatments. Among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fluvoxamine has been the best studied and, somewhat surprisingly, has proven effective in several studies as a monotherapy without the need to combine with an antipsychotic. It is proposed that the apparent efficacy of fluvoxamine in psychotic major depression may be related to its unique property of high affinity for the sigma 1 receptor, which is thought to play a role in psychosis and in the action of some antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Stahl
- Neuroscience Education Institute, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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15
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Gund TM, Floyd J, Jung D. Molecular modeling of sigma 1 receptor ligands: a model of binding conformational and electrostatic considerations. J Mol Graph Model 2004; 22:221-30. [PMID: 14629980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2003.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have performed molecular modeling studies on several sigma 1 specific ligands, including PD144418, spipethiane, haloperidol, pentazocine, and others to develop a pharmacophore for sigma 1 receptor-ligand binding, under the assumption that all the compounds interact at the same receptor binding site. The modeling studies have investigated the conformational and electrostatic properties of the ligands. Superposition of active molecules gave the coordinates of the hypothetical 5-point sigma 1 pharmacophore, as follows: R1 (0.85, 7.26, 0.30); R2 (5.47, 2.40, -1.51); R3 (-2.57, 4.82, -7.10); N (-0.71, 3.29, -6.40); carbon centroid (3.16, 4.83, -0.60), where R1, R2 were constructed onto the aromatic ring of each compound to represent hydrophobic interactions with the receptor; and R3 represents a hydrogen bond between the nitrogen atom and the receptor. Additional analyses were used to describe secondary binding sites to electronegative groups such as oxygen or sulfur atom. Those coordinates are (2.34, 5.08, -4.18). The model was verified by fitting other sigma 1 receptor ligands. This model may be used to search conformational databases for other possibly active ligands. In conjunction with rational drug design techniques the model may be useful in design and synthesis of novel sigma 1 ligands of high selectivity and potency. Calculations were performed using Sybyl 6.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Gund
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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16
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Jung D, Floyd J, Gund TM. A comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) study using semiempirical, density functional,ab initio methods and pharmacophore derivation using DISCOtech on sigma 1 ligands. J Comput Chem 2004; 25:1385-99. [PMID: 15185333 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.10410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) was developed to investigate a three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model of ligands for the sigma 1 receptor. The starting geometry of sigma-1 receptor ligands was obtained from the Tripos force field minimizations and conformations were decided from DISCOtech using the SYBYL 6.8. program. The structures of 48 molecules were fully optimized at the ab initio HF/3-21G* and semiempirical AM1 calculations using GAUSSIAN 98. The electrostatic charges were calculated using several methods such as semiempirical AM1, density functional B3LYP/3-21G*, and ab initio HF/3-21G*, MP2/3-21G* calculations within GAUSSIAN 98. Using the optimized geometries, the CoMFA results derived from the HF/3-21G method were better than those from AM1. The best CoMFA was obtained from HF/3-21G* optimized geometry and charges (R2 = 0.977). Using the optimized geometries, the CoMFA results derived from the HF/3-21G methods were better than those from AM1 calculations. The training set of 43 molecules gave higher R2 (0.989-0.977) from HF/3-21G* optimized geometries than R2 (0.966-0.911) values from AM1 optimized geometries. The test set of five molecules also suggested that HF/3-21G* optimized geometries produced good CoMFA models to predict bioactivity of sigma 1 receptor ligands but AM1 optimized geometries failed to predict reasonable bioactivity of sigma 1 receptor ligands using different calculations for atomic charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 17102-1982
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Mouithys-Mickalad A, Poupaert JH, Spampinato S, Lesieur D. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 6-piperidino- and 6-piperazinoalkyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolones as mixed sigma/5-HT(1A) ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1149-52. [PMID: 11934576 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to produce new pharmacological probes with mixed sigma/5-HT(1A) affinity, we have synthesized a series of 12 original 6-piperidino- or piperazino-alkyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolones and their receptor binding profile (sigma, 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(3), D(2), H(1), and M(1)) was determined. The best mixed sigma/5-HT(1A) affinity profile was found within the piperidine series with 4-benzyl substitution associated to linker methylene chain n=2 (K(i) 5 and 4nM, respectively). Moreover, a highly selective sigma2 ligand was obtained with a 3,4-dichlorobenzyl substitution associated to n=4 (K(i) 2nM, selectivity ratio sigma1/sigma2=70).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange Mouithys-Mickalad
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille 2, 3, rue du Professeur Laguesse, F-59006, Lille, France.
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Onkol T, Dogruer DS, Ito S, Sahin MF. Synthesis and antinociceptive activity of (5-chloro-2-benzothiazolinon-3-yl)acetamide derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2000; 333:337-40. [PMID: 11092136 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4184(200010)333:10<337::aid-ardp337>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of (5-chloro-2-benzothiazolinon-3-yl)acetamide derivatives is reported. The structure of these compounds is supported by their IR and 1H-NMR spectra. The compounds were tested for antinociceptive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Onkol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Borowicz KK, Kleinrok Z, Czuczwar SJ. Influence of 3-PPP, a sigma receptor ligand, on the anticonvulsive action of conventional antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacol Res 1999; 40:509-16. [PMID: 10660950 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.1999.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
(+)-3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-(1-propyl)-piperidine (3-PPP; a sigma receptor ligand), administered at 30 mg kg-1, 30 min before the test, significantly decreased the electroconvulsive threshold in mice, being ineffective in lower doses. 3-PPP (20 mg kg-1) diminished the protective activity of diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital and valproate, but not that of carbamazepine against maximal electroshock. The effect of 3-PPP upon the electroconvulsive threshold and the 3-PPP-induced inhibition of the protective action of antiepileptics was reversed by haloperidol (0.5 mg kg-1). Moreover, 3-PPP did not alter the total and free plasma levels of antiepileptic drugs, so a pharmacokinetic interaction is not probable. The combined treatment of 3-PPP with antiepileptic drugs, providing a 50% protection against maximal electroshock, did not affect motor performance in mice, although resulted in significant long-term memory deficits. Our data indicate that sigma receptor-mediated events may play some role in seizure processes in the central nervous system and can modulate the protective activity of some conventional antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Borowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Lublin Medical University School, Poland
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Van derpoorten K, Ucar H, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Poupaert JH. Synthesis and antiviral activity of 6-benzoyl-benzoxazolin-2-one and 6-benzoyl-benzothiazolin-2-one derivatives. Antivir Chem Chemother 1999; 10:87-97. [PMID: 10335403 DOI: 10.1177/095632029901000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and antiviral activity of an original series of 6-benzoyl-benzoxazolin-2-one and 6-benzoyl-benzothiazolin-2-one derivatives are described. Several compounds were found to have a selective inhibitory activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in vitro, being inactive against a variety of other DNA and RNA viruses. 6-(3-fluorobenzoyl)benzoxazolin-2-one, 6-(3-fluorobenzoyl)benzothiazolin-2-one, 6-(3-bromobenzoyl)benzothiazolin-2-one, 6-(3-iodobenzoyl)benzothiazolin-2-one, 3-methyl-6-(3-fluorobenzoyl)benzothiazolin-2-one, 3-benzyl-6-benzoyl-benzothiazolin-2-one, 3-benzyl-6-(3-fluorobenzoyl)benzothiazolin-2-one and 3-benzoyl-6-(3-fluorobenzoyl)benzothiazolin-2-one were the most active of the series against HCMV and VZV with a selectivity index (CC50/IC50) ranging from 10 to 20. They displayed similar activity against thymidine kinase competent (TK+) and deficient (TK-) VZV strains, and also proved to be active against clinical HCMV isolates that were resistant to ganciclovir (GCV). Time-of-addition experiments revealed a site of interaction with the HCMV replicative cycle that may be close or similar to that of GCV and cidofovir (HPMPC). The compounds showed poor, if any, activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2, and were not inhibitory against human immunodeficiency virus and other DNA and RNA viruses. Therefore, these compounds may represent a novel lead for the development of specific HCMV and VZV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Van derpoorten
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Ucar H, Van derpoorten K, Depovere P, Lesieur D, Isa M, Masereel B, Delarge J, Poupaert JH. “Fries like” rearrangement: A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of 6-acyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolones and 6-acyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolones. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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