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Vázquez-Cuevas FG, Reyna-Jeldes M, Velázquez-Miranda E, Coddou C. Transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases by purinergic P2Y and adenosine receptors. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:613-621. [PMID: 36529846 PMCID: PMC10754767 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) is a crosstalk mechanism exhibited by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) to activate signaling pathways classically associated with growth factors. The discovery of RTK transactivation was a breakthrough in signal transduction that contributed to developing current concepts in intracellular signaling. RTK transactivation links GPCR signaling to important cellular processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, and explains the functional diversity of these receptors. Purinergic (P2Y and adenosine) receptors belong to class A of GPCR; in the present work, we systematically review the experimental evidence showing that purinergic receptors have the ability to transactivate RTK in multiple tissues and physiopathological conditions resulting in the modulation of cellular physiology. Of particular relevance, the crosstalk between purinergic receptors and epidermal growth factor receptor is a redundant pathway that participates in multiple pathophysiological processes. Specific and detailed knowledge of purinergic receptor-regulated pathways advances our understanding of the complexity of GPCR signal transduction and opens the way for pharmacologic intervention in the pathological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Vázquez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular Y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla # 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México.
| | - M Reyna-Jeldes
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, 1781421, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago, 8331150, Chile
- Núcleo Para El Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado Y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo , 1781421, Chile
| | - E Velázquez-Miranda
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular Y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla # 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - C Coddou
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, 1781421, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago, 8331150, Chile.
- Núcleo Para El Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado Y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo , 1781421, Chile.
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Evans JV, Suman S, Goruganthu MUL, Tchekneva EE, Guan S, Arasada RR, Antonucci A, Piao L, Ilgisonis I, Bobko AA, Driesschaert B, Uzhachenko RV, Hoyd R, Samouilov A, Amann J, Wu R, Wei L, Pallerla A, Ryzhov SV, Feoktistov I, Park KP, Kikuchi T, Castro J, Ivanova AV, Kanagasabai T, Owen DH, Spakowicz DJ, Zweier JL, Carbone DP, Novitskiy SV, Khramtsov VV, Shanker A, Dikov MM. Improving combination therapies: targeting A2B-adenosine receptor to modulate metabolic tumor microenvironment and immunosuppression. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1404-1419. [PMID: 37195421 PMCID: PMC10637048 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the role of A2B-adenosine receptor in regulating immunosuppressive metabolic stress in the tumor microenvironment. Novel A2B-adenosine receptor antagonist PBF-1129 was tested for antitumor activity in mice and evaluated for safety and immunologic efficacy in a phase I clinical trial of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS The antitumor efficacy of A2B-adenosine receptor antagonists and their impact on the metabolic and immune tumor microenvironment were evaluated in lung, melanoma, colon, breast, and epidermal growth factor receptor-inducible transgenic cancer models. Employing electron paramagnetic resonance, we assessed changes in tumor microenvironment metabolic parameters, including pO2, pH, and inorganic phosphate, during tumor growth and evaluated the immunologic effects of PBF-1129, including its pharmacokinetics, safety, and toxicity, in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. RESULTS Levels of metabolic stress correlated with tumor growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Tumor interstitial inorganic phosphate emerged as a correlative and cumulative measure of tumor microenvironment stress and immunosuppression. A2B-adenosine receptor inhibition alleviated metabolic stress, downregulated expression of adenosine-generating ectonucleotidases, increased expression of adenosine deaminase, decreased tumor growth and metastasis, increased interferon γ production, and enhanced the efficacy of antitumor therapies following combination regimens in animal models (anti-programmed cell death 1 protein vs anti-programmed cell death 1 protein plus PBF-1129 treatment hazard ratio = 11.74 [95% confidence interval = 3.35 to 41.13], n = 10, P < .001, 2-sided F test). In patients with non-small cell lung cancer, PBF-1129 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities; demonstrated pharmacologic efficacy; modulated the adenosine generation system; and improved antitumor immunity. CONCLUSIONS Data identify A2B-adenosine receptor as a valuable therapeutic target to modify metabolic and immune tumor microenvironment to reduce immunosuppression, enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies, and support clinical application of PBF-1129 in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason V Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Shankar Suman
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mounika Uttam L Goruganthu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elena E Tchekneva
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shuxiao Guan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rajeswara Rao Arasada
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anneliese Antonucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Longzhu Piao
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Irina Ilgisonis
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Bobko
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Roman V Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Hoyd
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alexandre Samouilov
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruohan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aaditya Pallerla
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sergey V Ryzhov
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Igor Feoktistov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyungho P Park
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Takefumi Kikuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Shirakabadai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Alla V Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dwight H Owen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel J Spakowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David P Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sergey V Novitskiy
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mikhail M Dikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Duarte-Silva AT, Ximenes LGR, Guimarães-Souza M, Domith I, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Chemical signaling in the developing avian retina: Focus on cyclic AMP and AKT-dependent pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1058925. [PMID: 36568967 PMCID: PMC9780464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1058925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between developing progenitor cells as well as differentiated neurons and glial cells in the nervous system is made through direct cell contacts and chemical signaling mediated by different molecules. Several of these substances are synthesized and released by developing cells and play roles since early stages of Central Nervous System development. The chicken retina is a very suitable model for neurochemical studies, including the study of regulation of signaling pathways during development. Among advantages of the model are its very well-known histogenesis, the presence of most neurotransmitter systems found in the brain and the possibility to make cultures of neurons and/or glial cells where many neurochemical functions develop in a similar way than in the intact embryonic tissue. In the chicken retina, some neurotransmitters or neuromodulators as dopamine, adenosine, and others are coupled to cyclic AMP production or adenylyl cyclase inhibition since early stages of development. Other substances as vitamin C and nitric oxide are linked to the major neurotransmitter glutamate and AKT metabolism. All these different systems regulate signaling pathways, including PKA, PKG, SRC, AKT and ERK, and the activation of the transcription factor CREB. Dopamine and adenosine stimulate cAMP accumulation in the chick embryo retina through activation of D1 and A2a receptors, respectively, but the onset of dopamine stimulation is much earlier than that of adenosine. However, adenosine can inhibit adenylyl cyclase and modulate dopamine-dependent cAMP increase since early developmental stages through A1 receptors. Dopamine stimulates different PKA as well as EPAC downstream pathways both in intact tissue and in culture as the CSK-SRC pathway modulating glutamate NMDA receptors as well as vitamin C release and CREB phosphorylation. By the other hand, glutamate modulates nitric oxide production and AKT activation in cultured retinal cells and this pathway controls neuronal survival in retina. Glutamate and adenosine stimulate the release of vitamin C and this vitamin regulates the transport of glutamate, activation of NMDA receptors and AKT phosphorylation in cultured retinal cells. In the present review we will focus on these reciprocal interactions between neurotransmitters or neuromodulators and different signaling pathways during retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. T. Duarte-Silva
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - L. G. R. Ximenes
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - M. Guimarães-Souza
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - I. Domith
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - R. Paes-de-Carvalho
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil,Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil,*Correspondence: R. Paes-de-Carvalho,
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Mohammadi Z, Asadi J, Jafari SM. Synergistic effects of BAY606583 on docetaxel in esophageal cancer through modulation of ERK1/2. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:569-577. [PMID: 35758556 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) is a taxane chemotherapy agent used to treat many types of cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Adenosine is a purinergic signaling molecule that contributes to cancer cell proliferation via A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) activation. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) plays a crucial role in cell proliferation in various types of cancers. Stimulation of A2BAR involves a regulated ERK signaling pathway, and might provide a fascinating approach for treatment, leading to decreased proliferation in certain tumors that express A2BAR. Recent studies demonstrated that DTX and A2BAR have anticancer effects. The current study was designed to investigate the synergistic effect of the A2BAR agonist (BAY606583) on DTX in inducing antiproliferation effects on esophageal squamous cells carcinoma (ESCCs). The cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay in KYSE-30 and Ym-1 cells. In addition, the synergistic effect of DTX on the A2BAR agonist was evaluated. Subsequently, apoptosis was assessed by Annexin-V and propidium iodide staining, and Bcl-2, Bax, and ERK1/2 protein-level expressions were evaluated by Western blot. Use of BAY606583 and cotreatment of DTX and BAY606583 significantly decreased cell proliferation in KYSE-30 and Ym-1 cell lines. The use of BAY606583 and cotreatment of DTX with the A2BAR agonist induced apoptosis in KYSE-30 and Ym-1 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that the use of the A2BAR agonist and cotreatment of DTX with the A2BAR agonist inhibited the expression of apoptotic regulatory proteins as well as the expression of ERK1/2 proteins. Our findings suggested that use of BAY606583 and cotreatment of BAY606583/DTX have an antiproliferative effect on ESCC cell lines through ERK signaling pathway inhibition. BAY606583 has a synergistic effect on DTX, which could be used as an adjuvant for esophageal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinab Mohammadi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Jahanbakhsh Asadi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Jafari
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Barresi E, Martini C, Da Settimo F, Greco G, Taliani S, Giacomelli C, Trincavelli ML. Allosterism vs. Orthosterism: Recent Findings and Future Perspectives on A 2B AR Physio-Pathological Implications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652121. [PMID: 33841166 PMCID: PMC8024542 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of GPCR (G-coupled protein receptor) allosteric modulators has attracted increasing interest in the last decades. The use of allosteric modulators in therapy offers several advantages with respect to orthosteric ones, as they can fine-tune the tissue responses to the endogenous agonist. Since the discovery of the first A1 adenosine receptor (AR) allosteric modulator in 1990, several efforts have been made to develop more potent molecules as well as allosteric modulators for all adenosine receptor subtypes. There are four subtypes of AR: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Positive allosteric modulators of the A1 AR have been proposed for the cure of pain. A3 positive allosteric modulators are thought to be beneficial during inflammatory processes. More recently, A2A and A2B AR allosteric modulators have also been disclosed. The A2B AR displays the lowest affinity for its endogenous ligand adenosine and is mainly activated as a consequence of tissue damage. The A2B AR activation has been found to play a crucial role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in the protection of the heart from ischemic injury, and in the process of bone formation. In this context, allosteric modulators of the A2B AR may represent pharmacological tools useful to develop new therapeutic agents. Herein, we provide an up-to-date highlight of the recent findings and future perspectives in the field of orthosteric and allosteric A2B AR ligands. Furthermore, we compare the use of orthosteric ligands with positive and negative allosteric modulators for the management of different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giovanni Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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6
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Wang X, van Westen GJP, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP. G protein-coupled receptors expressed and studied in yeast. The adenosine receptor as a prime example. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114370. [PMID: 33338473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of membrane proteins with around 800 members in the human genome/proteome. Extracellular signals such as hormones and neurotransmitters regulate various biological processes via GPCRs, with GPCRs being the bodily target of 30-40% of current drugs on the market. Complete identification and understanding of GPCR functionality will provide opportunities for novel drug discovery. Yeast expresses three different endogenous GPCRs regulating pheromone and sugar sensing, with the pheromone pathway offering perspectives for the characterization of heterologous GPCR signaling. Moreover, yeast offers a ''null" background for studies on mammalian GPCRs, including GPCR activation and signaling, ligand identification, and characterization of disease-related mutations. This review focuses on modifications of the yeast pheromone signaling pathway for functional GPCR studies, and on opportunities and usage of the yeast system as a platform for human GPCR studies. Finally, this review discusses in some further detail studies of adenosine receptors heterologously expressed in yeast, and what Geoff Burnstock thought of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J P van Westen
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Shakya AK, Naik RR, Almasri IM, Kaur A. Role and Function of Adenosine and its Receptors in Inflammation, Neuroinflammation, IBS, Autoimmune Inflammatory Disorders, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriasis. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2875-2891. [PMID: 31333103 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716145206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The physiological effects of endogenous adenosine on various organ systems are very complex and numerous which are elicited upon activation of any of the four G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) denoted as A1, A2A, A2B and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). Several fused heterocyclic and non-xanthine derivatives are reported as a possible target for these receptors due to physiological problems and lack of selectivity of xanthine derivatives. In the present review, we have discussed the development of various new chemical entities as a target for these receptors. In addition, compounds acting on adenosine receptors can be utilized in treating diseases like inflammation, neuroinflammation, autoimmune and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Shakya
- Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Design and Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al- Ahliyya Amman University, PO Box 263, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Rajashri R Naik
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Ihab M Almasri
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Avneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, New Delhi-110017, India
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8
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Wilkat M, Bast H, Drees R, Dünser J, Mahr A, Azoitei N, Marienfeld R, Frank F, Brhel M, Ushmorov A, Greve J, Goldberg-Bockhorn E, Theodoraki MN, Doescher J, Laban S, Schuler PJ, Hoffmann TK, Brunner C. Adenosine receptor 2B activity promotes autonomous growth, migration as well as vascularization of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:202-217. [PMID: 31846065 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a signaling molecule that exerts dual effects on tumor growth: while it inhibits immune cell function and thereby prevents surveillance by the immune system, it influences tumorigenesis directly via activation of adenosine receptors on tumor cells at the same time. However, the adenosine-mediated mechanisms affecting oncogenic processes particularly in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of adenosine receptor activity on HNSCC-derived cell lines. Targeting the adenosine receptor A2B (ADORA2B) on these cells with the inverse agonist/antagonist PSB-603 leads to inhibition of cell proliferation, transmigration as well as VEGFA secretion in vitro. At the molecular level, these effects were associated with cell cycle arrest as well as the induction of the apoptotic pathway. In addition, shRNA-mediated downmodulation of ADORA2B expression caused decreased proliferation. Moreover, in in vivo xenograft experiments, chemical and genetic abrogation of ADORA2B activity impaired tumor growth associated with decreased tumor vascularization. Together, our findings characterize ADORA2B as a crucial player in the maintenance of HNSCC and, therefore, as a potential therapeutic target for HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Wilkat
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hanna Bast
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Robert Drees
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Dünser
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Amelie Mahr
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Felicia Frank
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Magnus Brhel
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexey Ushmorov
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Greve
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva Goldberg-Bockhorn
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Doescher
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick J Schuler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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9
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A 2B Adenosine Receptor and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205139. [PMID: 31627281 PMCID: PMC6829478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There are four subtypes of adenosine receptors (ARs), named A1, A2A, A2B and A3, all of which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Locally produced adenosine is a suppressant in anti-tumor immune surveillance. The A2BAR, coupled to both Gαs and Gαi G proteins, is one of the several GPCRs that are expressed in a significantly higher level in certain cancer tissues, in comparison to adjacent normal tissues. There is growing evidence that the A2BAR plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune suppression. Thus, A2BAR antagonists are novel, potentially attractive anticancer agents. Several antagonists targeting A2BAR are currently in clinical trials for various types of cancers. In this review, we first describe the signaling, agonists, and antagonists of the A2BAR. We further discuss the role of the A2BAR in the progression of various cancers, and the rationale of using A2BAR antagonists in cancer therapy.
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10
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Salvo E, Saraithong P, Curtin JG, Janal MN, Ye Y. Reciprocal interactions between cancer and Schwann cells contribute to oral cancer progression and pain. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01223. [PMID: 30815600 PMCID: PMC6378335 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (oral SCC) decreases quality of life and survival. The interaction between cancer and the peripheral nerves is known to initiate and amplify pain and contribute to carcinogenesis. Schwann cells envelop peripheral nerves and are activated in response to neuronal damage. The contributions of Schwann cells to oral SCC progression and pain are unknown. Using a non-contact co-culture model, we demonstrate that Schwann cells (RSC-96) and oral SCC cells (HSC-3) reciprocally interact to promote proliferation, migration, and invasion. Schwann cell-oral SCC interaction leads to increased production of adenosine, which stimulates cell proliferation and migration of both cell types. The adenosine receptor A2B (ADORA2B) is expressed on RSC-96 cells. We show that supernatant from the RSC-96 cells co-cultured with HSC-3 cells induces increased mechanical hypersensitivity in mice compared to supernatant from control RSC-96 cells. Treatment with the ADORA2B antagonist PSB603 significantly inhibits co-culture interactions - proliferation and migration, and co-culture supernatant induced mechanical hypersensitivity. RSC-96 cells co-cultured with HSC-3 cells secrete increased amounts of the pronociceptive mediator, interleukin-6 (IL-6), which can be reduced by adding PSB603 into the co-culture. Our data support a reciprocal interaction between oral SCC and Schwann cells mediated by adenosine with potential to promote oral SCC progression and pain via increased secretion of IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Salvo
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Prakaimuk Saraithong
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Jared G. Curtin
- DDS Program, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Malvin N. Janal
- Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Yi Ye
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
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11
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Vecchio EA, White PJ, May LT. The adenosine A 2B G protein-coupled receptor: Recent advances and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:20-33. [PMID: 30677476 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) is one of four adenosine receptor subtypes belonging to the Class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Until recently, the A2BAR remained poorly characterised, in part due to its relatively low affinity for the endogenous agonist adenosine and therefore presumed minor physiological significance. However, the substantial increase in extracellular adenosine concentration, the sensitisation of the receptor and the upregulation of A2BAR expression under conditions of hypoxia and inflammation, suggest the A2BAR as an exciting therapeutic target in a variety of pathological disease states. Here we discuss the pharmacology of the A2BAR and outline its role in pathophysiology including ischaemia-reperfusion injury, fibrosis, inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vecchio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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12
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Xiao GS, Zhang YH, Wang Y, Sun HY, Baumgarten CM, Li GR. Noradrenaline up-regulates volume-regulated chloride current by PKA-independent cAMP/exchange protein activated by cAMP pathway in human atrial myocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3422-3432. [PMID: 29900525 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adrenergic regulation of cell volume-regulated chloride current (ICl.vol ) is species-dependent. The present study investigates the mechanism underlying adrenergic regulation of ICl.vol in human atrial myocytes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Conventional whole-cell patch voltage-clamp techniques were used to record membrane current in human atrial myocytes. ICl.vol was evoked by hyposmotic bath solution (0.6 times isosmotic, 0.6 T). KEY RESULTS ICl.vol was augmented by noradrenaline (1 μM) during cell swelling in 0.6 T but not under isosmotic (1 T) conditions. Up-regulation of ICl.vol in 0.6 T was blocked by the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (2 μM), but not by the α1 -adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (2 μM). This β-adrenergic response involved cAMP but was independent of PKA; the protein kinase inhibitor H-89 (2 μM) or PKI (10 μM in pipette solution) failed to prevent ICl.vol up-regulation by noradrenaline. Moreover, the PI3K/PKB inhibitor LY294002 (50 μM) and the PKG inhibitor KT5823 (10 μM) did not affect noradrenaline-induced increases in ICl.vol . Interestingly, the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) agonist 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP (50 μM) also up-regulated ICl.vol , and the noradrenaline-induced increase of ICl.vol in 0.6 T was reversed or prevented by the Epac inhibitor ESI-09 (10 μM). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data show that ICl.vol evoked by cell swelling of human atrial myocytes is up-regulated by noradrenaline via a PKA-independent cAMP/Epac pathway in human atrial myocytes. cAMP/Epac-induced ICl.vol is expected to shorten action potential duration during human atrial myocytes swelling and may be involved in abnormal cardiac electrical activity during cardiac pathologies that evoke β-adrenoceptor signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Sheng Xiao
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Ying Sun
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clive M Baumgarten
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gui-Rong Li
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Kinoshita M, Hirayama Y, Fujishita K, Shibata K, Shinozaki Y, Shigetomi E, Takeda A, Le HPN, Hayashi H, Hiasa M, Moriyama Y, Ikenaka K, Tanaka KF, Koizumi S. Anti-Depressant Fluoxetine Reveals its Therapeutic Effect Via Astrocytes. EBioMedicine 2018; 32:72-83. [PMID: 29887330 PMCID: PMC6020856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although psychotropic drugs act on neurons and glial cells, how glia respond, and whether glial responses are involved in therapeutic effects are poorly understood. Here, we show that fluoxetine (FLX), an anti-depressant, mediates its anti-depressive effect by increasing the gliotransmission of ATP. FLX increased ATP exocytosis via vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT). FLX-induced anti-depressive behavior was decreased in astrocyte-selective VNUT-knockout mice or when VNUT was deleted in mice, but it was increased when astrocyte-selective VNUT was overexpressed in mice. This suggests that VNUT-dependent astrocytic ATP exocytosis has a critical role in the therapeutic effect of FLX. Released ATP and its metabolite adenosine act on P2Y11 and adenosine A2b receptors expressed by astrocytes, causing an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in astrocytes. These findings suggest that in addition to neurons, FLX acts on astrocytes and mediates its therapeutic effects by increasing ATP gliotransmission. Anti-depressant FLX acts on astrocytes and increases VNUT-dependent ATP exocytosis. Such astrocytic responses are responsible for the FLX-induced therapeutic effects. Astrocytic ATP and its metabolite adenosine increase BDNF in astrocytes, and reveal the therapeutic effects.
Kinoshita et al. demonstrated that astrocytes are a therapeutic target of the antidepressant, fluoxetine (FLX). They found that FLX stimulates VNUT-dependent ATP release from astrocytes leading to a BDNF-mediated anti-depressive effect. This study demonstrated the astrocytic regulation of this anti-depressive effect, which complements the previously described conventional mechanism of FLX. Because the involvement of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of depression is of current interest, this new insight into the role of astrocytes in anti-depressive effects should support the establishment of novel therapeutic strategies for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manao Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yuri Hirayama
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kayoko Fujishita
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shibata
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Akiko Takeda
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Ha Pham Ngoc Le
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hayashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Miki Hiasa
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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14
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Bessa-Gonçalves M, Bragança B, Martins-Dias E, Correia-de-Sá P, Fontes-Sousa AP. Is the adenosine A 2B 'biased' receptor a valuable target for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension? Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1285-1292. [PMID: 29747005 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a maladaptive disorder characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure and death. Adenosine released by injured tissues, such as the lung and heart, influences tissue remodeling through the activation of adenosine receptors. Evidence regarding activation of the low-affinity A2BAR by adenosine points towards pivotal roles of this receptor in processes associated with both acute and chronic lung diseases. Conflicting results exist concerning the beneficial or detrimental roles of the A2B 'biased' receptor in right ventricular failure secondary to PAH. In this review, we discuss the pros and cons of manipulating A2BARs as a putative therapeutic target in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Bessa-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Bragança
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Martins-Dias
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Fontes-Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.
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15
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Gao ZG, Inoue A, Jacobson KA. On the G protein-coupling selectivity of the native A 2B adenosine receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 151:201-213. [PMID: 29225130 PMCID: PMC5899946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) activation induces Gs-dependent cyclic AMP accumulation. However, A2BAR G protein-coupling to other signaling events, e.g. ERK1/2 and calcium, is not well documented. We explored Gi, Gq/11 and Gs coupling in 1321 N1 astrocytoma, HEK293, and T24 bladder cancer cells endogenously expressing human A2BAR, using NECA or nonnucleoside BAY60-6583 as agonist, selective Gi, Gs and Gq/11 blockers, and CRISPR/Cas9-based Gq- and Gs-null HEK293 cells. In HEK293 cells, A2BAR-mediated ERK1/2 activity occurred via both Gi and Gs, but not Gq/11. However, HEK293 cell calcium mobilization was completely blocked by Gq/11 inhibitor UBO-QIC and by Gq/11 knockout. In T24 cells, Gi was solely responsible for A2BAR-mediated ERK1/2 stimulation, and Gs suppressed ERK1/2 activity. A2BAR-mediated intracellular calcium mobilization in T24 cells was mainly via Gi, although Gs may also play a role, but Gq/11 is not involved. In 1321 N1 astrocytoma cells A2BAR activation suppressed rather than stimulated ERK1/2 activity. The ERK1/2 activity decrease was reversed by Gs downregulation using cholera toxin, but potentiated by Gi inhibitor pertussis toxin, and UBO-QIC had no effect. EPACs played an important role in A2BAR-mediated ERK1/2 signaling in all three cells. Thus, A2BAR may: couple to the same downstream pathway via different G proteins in different cell types; activate different downstream events via different G proteins in the same cell type; activate Gi and Gs, which have opposing or synergistic roles in different cell types/signaling pathways. The findings, relevant to drug discovery, address some reported controversial roles of A2BAR and could apply to signaling mechanisms in other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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16
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Zhou Y, Chu X, Deng F, Tong L, Tong G, Yi Y, Liu J, Tang J, Tang Y, Xia Y, Dai Y. The adenosine A2b receptor promotes tumor progression of bladder urothelial carcinoma by enhancing MAPK signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48755-48768. [PMID: 28548944 PMCID: PMC5564722 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A2b receptor (A2bR) was considered to play an oncogenic role in many human malignancies. However, the expression and molecular function of A2bR in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) have not been well elucidated. Herein, we found that the expression of A2bR was higher than other adenosine receptors in BUC tissues and cells, and it was upregulated in BUC tissues compared with matched normal bladder tissues. Furthermore, high expression of A2bR was associated with poor prognosis of patients with BUC. In addition, suppression of A2bR inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of BUC cells and arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase. Finally, we demonstrated that downregulation of A2bR inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of BUC in part via the MAPK signaling pathway, increasing the levels of P21 but decreasing the levels of cyclin B1, D, E1, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Overexpression of MMP-2 could rescue BUC cells migration and invasion. Thus, the present study indicates that A2bR may play a potential oncogenic role in BUC progression and act as a potential biomarker to identify BUC patients with poor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guoxiong Tong
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Yi
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianye Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yingbo Dai
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Yi X, Wang W, Xie Q. Adenosine receptors enhance the ATP-induced odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:850-856. [PMID: 29454963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling regulates various biological processes through the activation of adenosine receptors (ARs) and P2 receptors. ATP induces the odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) via P2 receptors. However, there is no information available about the roles of ARs in HDPC odontoblastic differentiation induced by ATP. Here, we found that HDPCs treated with ATP showed higher activity of ADORA1 (A1R), ADORA2B (A2BR), and ADORA3 (A3R). Inhibition of A1R and A2BR attenuated ATP-induced odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs, whereas activation of the two receptors enhanced the odontoblastic differentiation induced by ATP. However, activation of ARs by adenosine did not induce the odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs independently without induction of ATP. Our study indicates a positive role for ARs in ATP-induced odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs, and demonstrates that ATP-induced odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs may be due to the combined administration of ARs and P2 receptors. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of pulpal injury repair induced by ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Yi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Center for Oral Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiufei Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Center for Oral Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China.
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18
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Figueiredo AB, Souza-Testasicca MC, Mineo TWP, Afonso LCC. Leishmania amazonensis-Induced cAMP Triggered by Adenosine A 2B Receptor Is Important to Inhibit Dendritic Cell Activation and Evade Immune Response in Infected Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:849. [PMID: 28791011 PMCID: PMC5524897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differently from others Leishmania species, infection by the protozoan parasite L. amazonensis is associated with a lack of antigen-specific T-cell responses. Dendritic cells (DC) are essential for the innate immune response and for directing the differentiation of T-helper lymphocytes. Previously, we showed that L. amazonensis infection impairs DC activation through the activation of adenosine A2B receptor, and here, we evaluated the intracellular events triggered by this receptor in infected cells. To this aim, bone marrow-derived DC from C57BL/6J mice were infected with metacyclic promastigotes of L. amazonensis. Our results show, for the first time, that L. amazonensis increases the production of cAMP and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in infected DC by a mechanism dependent on the A2B receptor. Furthermore, L. amazonensis impairs CD40 expression and IL-12 production by DC, and the inhibition of adenylate cyclase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and ERK1/2 prevent these effects. The increase of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and the inhibition of DC activation by L. amazonensis are independent of protein kinase A (PKA). In addition, C57BL/6J mice were inoculated in the ears with metacyclic promastigotes, in the presence of PSB1115, an A2B receptor antagonist. PSB1115 treatment increases the percentage of CD40+ DC on ears and draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, this treatment reduces lesion size and tissue parasitism. Lymph node cells from treated mice produce higher levels of IFN-γ than control mice, without altering the production of IL-10. In conclusion, we suggest a new pathway used by the parasite (A2B receptor → cAMP → PI3K → ERK1/2) to suppress DC activation, which may contribute to the decrease of IFN-γ production following by the deficiency in immune response characteristic of L. amazonensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Braga Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, ICEB/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Míriam Conceição Souza-Testasicca
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, ICEB/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Coordenadoria da Área de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", ICBIM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Crocco Afonso
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, ICEB/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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19
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Silva L, Subiabre M, Araos J, Sáez T, Salsoso R, Pardo F, Leiva A, San Martín R, Toledo F, Sobrevia L. Insulin/adenosine axis linked signalling. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:45-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Sepúlveda C, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Role of adenosine A2b receptor overexpression in tumor progression. Life Sci 2016; 166:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Sun Y, Huang P. Adenosine A2B Receptor: From Cell Biology to Human Diseases. Front Chem 2016; 4:37. [PMID: 27606311 PMCID: PMC4995213 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2016.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine is a ubiquitous signaling molecule that modulates a wide array of biological processes. Recently, significant advances have been made in our understanding of A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR). In this review, we first summarize some of the general characteristics of A2BAR, and then we describe the multiple binding partners of the receptor, such as newly identified α-actinin-1 and p105, and discuss how these associated proteins could modulate A2BAR's functions, including certain seemingly paradoxical functions of the receptor. Growing evidence indicates a critical role of A2BAR in cancer, renal disease, and diabetes, in addition to its importance in the regulation of vascular diseases, and lung disease. Here, we also discuss the role of A2BAR in cancer, renal disease, and diabetes and the potential of the receptor as a target for treating these three diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, South University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen, China
| | - Pingbo Huang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong, China; Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong, China
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Adenosine A2B receptor activation stimulates glucose uptake in the mouse forebrain. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:561-9. [PMID: 26446689 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP consumption during intense neuronal activity leads to peaks of both extracellular adenosine levels and increased glucose uptake in the brain. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that the activation of the low-affinity adenosine receptor, the A2B receptor (A(2B)R), promotes glucose uptake in neurons and astrocytes, thereby linking brain activity with energy metabolism. To this end, we mapped the spatiotemporal accumulation of the fluorescent-labelled deoxyglucose, 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG), in superfused acute hippocampal slices of C57Bl/6j mice. Bath application of the A(2B)R agonist BAY606583 (300 nM) triggered an immediate and stable (>10 min) increase of the velocity of 2-NBDG accumulation throughout hippocampal slices. This was abolished with the pretreatment with the selective A(2B)R antagonist, MRS1754 (200 nM), and was also absent in A(2B)R null-mutant mice. In mouse primary astrocytic or neuronal cultures, BAY606583 similarly increased (3)H-deoxyglucose uptake in the following 20 min incubation period, which was again abolished by a pretreatment with MRS1754. Finally, incubation of hippocampal, frontocortical, or striatal slices of C57Bl/6j mice at 37 °C, with either MRS1754 (200 nM) or adenosine deaminase (3 U/mL) significantly reduced glucose uptake. Furthermore, A(2B)R blockade diminished newly synthesized glycogen content and at least in the striatum, increased lactate release. In conclusion, we report here that A(2B)R activation is associated with an instant and tonic increase of glucose transport into neurons and astrocytes in the mouse brain. These prompt further investigations to evaluate the clinical potential of this novel glucoregulator mechanism.
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Chen JF, Lee CF, Chern Y. Adenosine receptor neurobiology: overview. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 119:1-49. [PMID: 25175959 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that is distributed ubiquitously throughout the body as a metabolic intermediary. In the brain, adenosine functions as an important upstream neuromodulator of a broad spectrum of neurotransmitters, receptors, and signaling pathways. By acting through four G-protein-coupled receptors, adenosine contributes critically to homeostasis and neuromodulatory control of a variety of normal and abnormal brain functions, ranging from synaptic plasticity, to cognition, to sleep, to motor activity to neuroinflammation, and cell death. This review begun with an overview of the gene and genome structure and the expression pattern of adenosine receptors (ARs). We feature several new developments over the past decade in our understanding of AR functions in the brain, with special focus on the identification and characterization of canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways of ARs. We provide an update on functional insights from complementary genetic-knockout and pharmacological studies on the AR control of various brain functions. We also highlight several novel and recent developments of AR neurobiology, including (i) recent breakthrough in high resolution of three-dimension structure of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) in several functional status, (ii) receptor-receptor heterodimerization, (iii) AR function in glial cells, and (iv) the druggability of AR. We concluded the review with the contention that these new developments extend and strengthen the support for A1 and A2ARs in brain as therapeutic targets for neurologic and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Chien-fei Lee
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nassar NN, Abdel-Rahman AA. Brain stem adenosine receptors modulate centrally mediated hypotensive responses in conscious rats: A review. J Adv Res 2014; 6:331-40. [PMID: 26257930 PMCID: PMC4522583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is implicated in the modulation of cardiovascular responses either at the peripheral or at central level in experimental animals. However, there are no dedicated reviews on the involvement of adenosine in mediating the hypotensive response of centrally administered clonidine in general and specifically in aortically barodenervated rats (ABD). The conscious ABD rat model exhibits surgically induced baroreflex dysfunction and exaggerated hypotensive response, compared with conscious sham-operated (SO) rats. The current review focuses on, the role of adenosine receptors in blood pressure (BP) regulation and their possible crosstalk with other receptors e.g. imidazoline (I1) and alpha (α2A) adrenergic receptor (AR). The former receptor is a molecular target for clonidine, whose hypotensive effect is enhanced approx. 3-fold in conscious ABD rats. We also discussed how the balance between the brain stem adenosine A1 and A2A receptors is regulated by baroreceptors and how such balance influences the centrally mediated hypotensive responses. The use of the ABD rat model yielded insight into the downstream signaling cascades following clonidine-evoked hypotension in a surgical model of baroreflex dysfunction.
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Key Words
- 8-SPT, 8-(p-sulfophenyl)-theophylline. Non-selective adenosine receptor blocker
- A1, adenosine subtype A1 receptor
- A2A, adenosine subtype A2A receptor
- ABC, avidin biotin complex
- ABD rat, aortic barodenervated rat
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BP, blood pressure
- CGS21680, 2-[4-[(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl]ethylaminophenyl]ethylamino]-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine. Selective A2A receptor agonist
- CNS, central nervous system
- CPA, N6-cyclopentyladenosine. Selective A1 receptor agonist
- Central adenosine receptors
- Centrally mediated hypotension
- Clonidine
- Conscious rats
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DPCPX, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine. Selective A1 receptor antagonist
- ERK1/2, extracellular signal regulated kinase
- I.C., intracisternal
- I.V., intravenous
- I1, imidazoline subtype 1 receptor
- IP3, Inositol Triphosphate
- Imidazoline I1-receptor
- JNK, C-Jun N-terminal kinase
- L-NAME, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. Non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor
- MAPK-NOS signaling
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- NTS, nucleus tractus solitarius
- PC-PLC, phosphatidyl choline-selective phospholipase C
- PC12 cells, pheochromocytoma cells
- PD98059, selective extracellular signal regulated kinase inhibitor
- PDE, phosphodiesterase
- PKA, protein kinase A
- RVLM, rostral ventrolateral medulla
- SAPK, stress activated protein kinase
- SCH58261, 5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo[4,3-[Formula: see text]]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine. Selective adenosine A2A antagonist
- SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rat
- SND, sympathetic neuronal discharge
- SO, sham operated = conscious normotensive rats
- WKY, Wistar Kyoto rat
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- α2 AR, alpha 2 adrenergic receptor
- αMNE, alpha methyl norepinephrine
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha N Nassar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, NC, USA
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Gao ZG, Balasubramanian R, Kiselev E, Wei Q, Jacobson KA. Probing biased/partial agonism at the G protein-coupled A(2B) adenosine receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:297-306. [PMID: 24853985 PMCID: PMC4128710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled A(2B) adenosine receptor (AR) regulates numerous important physiological functions, but its activation by diverse A(2B)AR agonists is poorly profiled. We probed potential partial and/or biased agonism in cell lines expressing variable levels of endogenous or recombinant A(2B)AR. In cAMP accumulation assays, both 5'-substituted NECA and C2-substituted MRS3997 are full agonists. However, only 5'-substituted adenosine analogs are full agonists in calcium mobilization, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and β-arrestin translocation. A(2B)AR overexpression in HEK293 cells markedly increased the agonist potency and maximum effect in cAMP accumulation, but less in calcium and ERK1/2. A(2B)AR siRNA silencing was more effective in reducing the maximum cAMP effect of non-nucleoside agonist BAY60-6583 than NECA's. A quantitative 'operational model' characterized C2-substituted MRS3997 as either balanced (cAMP accumulation, ERK1/2) or strongly biased agonist (against calcium, β-arrestin). N⁶-substitution biased against ERK1/2 (weakly) and calcium and β-arrestin (strongly) pathways. BAY60-6583 is ERK1/2-biased, suggesting a mechanism distinct from adenosine derivatives. BAY60-6583, as A(2B)AR antagonist in MIN-6 mouse pancreatic β cells expressing low A(2B)AR levels, induced insulin release. This is the first relatively systematic study of structure-efficacy relationships of this emerging drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Blg. 8A, Rm B1 A-17, NDDK 8 Center Dr., 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA.
| | - Ramachandran Balasubramanian
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Blg. 8A, Rm B1 A-17, NDDK 8 Center Dr., 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Evgeny Kiselev
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Blg. 8A, Rm B1 A-17, NDDK 8 Center Dr., 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Qiang Wei
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Blg. 8A, Rm B1 A-17, NDDK 8 Center Dr., 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Blg. 8A, Rm B1 A-17, NDDK 8 Center Dr., 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA.
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Limm K, Wallner S, Milenkovic VM, Wetzel CH, Bosserhoff AK. The metabolite 5'-methylthioadenosine signals through the adenosine receptor A2B in melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2714-24. [PMID: 25087184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies have shown evidence supporting the general knowledge that tumour cells exhibit changes in metabolism. It is becoming increasingly important to understand how these metabolic changes in tumour cells promote carcinogenesis and disease progression. We recently discovered a lack of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) expression in melanoma, which resulted in an accumulation of the metabolite 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) in melanoma cells and in the extracellular environment. MTA was shown to affect cell proliferation of surrounding stroma cells and cell invasiveness and the activation of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) in melanoma cells. In this study, we addressed the regulation of cellular signalling by extracellular MTA accumulation. By focusing on putative receptors that could modulate MTA signalling, we identified the adenosine receptor ADORA2B as an important candidate. Knockdown experiments and the use of specific agonists and antagonists confirmed a link between MTA and AP-1 signalling through the ADORA2B receptor. Interestingly, stimulation of the cells with MTA did not result in activation of the classical cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling cascades or in Ca(2+)-dependent signalling. We instead showed protein kinase C (PKC) signalling to be involved in MTA-mediated AP-1 activation. In summary, we identified ADORA2B to be the specific receptor and signalling pathway for the metabolite MTA. These findings may influence the use of MTA in a therapeutic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Limm
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Vladimir M Milenkovic
- Molecular Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian H Wetzel
- Molecular Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Arroyo P, Salsoso R, Fuenzalida B, Sáez T, Leiva A, Pardo F, Sobrevia L. Role of Insulin and Adenosine in the Human Placenta Microvascular and Macrovascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Microcirculation 2014; 21:26-37. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Pablo Arroyo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Biomedical Department; Faculty of Health Sciences; Universidad de Antofagasta; Antofagasta Chile
| | - Tamara Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research; Herston Queensland Australia
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Antonioli L, Blandizzi C, Pacher P, Haskó G. Immunity, inflammation and cancer: a leading role for adenosine. Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13:842-57. [PMID: 24226193 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease that is dictated by both cancer cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic processes. Adenosine is an ancient extracellular signalling molecule that can regulate almost all aspects of tissue function. As such, several studies have recently highlighted a crucial role for adenosine signalling in regulating the various aspects of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic processes of cancer development. This Review critically discusses the role of adenosine and its receptors in regulating the complex interplay among immune, inflammatory, endothelial and cancer cells during the course of neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- 1] Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy. [2] Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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Ryzhov S, Biktasova A, Goldstein AE, Zhang Q, Biaggioni I, Dikov MM, Feoktistov I. Role of JunB in adenosine A2B receptor-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor production. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:62-73. [PMID: 24136993 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.088567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial adenosine stimulates neovascularization in part through A2B adenosine receptor-dependent upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that A2B receptors upregulate JunB, which can contribute to stimulation of VEGF production. Using the human microvascular endothelial cell line, human mast cell line, mouse cardiac Sca1-positive stromal cells, and mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, we found that adenosine receptor-dependent upregulation of VEGF production was associated with an increase in VEGF transcription, activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity, and JunB accumulation in all cells investigated. Furthermore, the expression of JunB, but not the expression of other genes encoding transcription factors from the Jun family, was specifically upregulated. In LLC cells expressing A2A and A2B receptor transcripts, only the nonselective adenosine agonist NECA (5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine), but not the selective A2A receptor agonist CGS21680 [2-p-(2-carboxyethyl) phenylethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine], significantly increased JunB reporter activity and JunB nuclear accumulation, which were inhibited by the A2B receptor antagonist PSB603 [(8-[4-[4-((4-chlorophenzyl)piperazide-1-sulfonyl)phenyl]]-1-propylxanthine]. Using activators and inhibitors of intracellular signaling, we demonstrated that A2B receptor-dependent accumulation of JunB protein and VEGF secretion share common intracellular pathways. NECA enhanced JunB binding to the murine VEGF promoter, whereas mutation of the high-affinity AP-1 site (-1093 to -1086) resulted in a loss of NECA-dependent VEGF reporter activity. Finally, NECA-dependent VEGF secretion and reporter activity were inhibited by the expression of a dominant negative JunB or by JunB knockdown. Thus, our data suggest an important role of the A2B receptor-dependent upregulation of JunB in VEGF production and possibly other AP-1-regulated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ryzhov
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.R., Q.Z., I.F.) and Clinical Pharmacology (A.E.G., I.B.), and Departments of Cancer Biology (A.B., M.M.D.), Medicine (S.R., A.E.G., Q.Z., I.B., I.F.), and Pharmacology (I.B., I.F.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Toldo S, Zhong H, Mezzaroma E, Van Tassell BW, Kannan H, Zeng D, Belardinelli L, Voelkel NF, Abbate A. GS-6201, a selective blocker of the A2B adenosine receptor, attenuates cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in the mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:587-95. [PMID: 22923737 PMCID: PMC11047795 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.191288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine (Ado) is released in response to tissue injury, promotes hyperemia, and modulates inflammation. The proinflammatory effects of Ado, which are mediated by the A(2B) Ado receptor (AdoR), may exacerbate tissue damage. We hypothesized that selective blockade of the A(2B) AdoR with 3-ethyl-1-propyl-8-(1-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione (GS-6201) during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) would reduce adverse cardiac remodeling. Male ICR mice underwent coronary artery ligation or sham surgery (n = 10-12 per group). The selective A(2B) AdoR antagonist GS-6201 (4 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally twice daily starting immediately after surgery and continuing for 14 days. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed before surgery and after 7, 14, and 28 days. A subgroup of mice was killed 72 h after surgery, and the activity of caspase-1, a key proinflammatory mediator, was measured in the cardiac tissue. All sham-operated mice were alive at 4 weeks, whereas 50% of vehicle-treated mice and 75% of GS-6201-treated mice were alive at 4 weeks after surgery. Compared with vehicle, treatment with GS-6201 prevented caspase-1 activation in the heart at 72 h after AMI (P < 0.001) and significantly limited the increase in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameter by 40% (P < 0.001), the decrease in LV ejection fraction by 18% (P < 0.01) and the changes in the myocardial performance index by 88% (P < 0.001) at 28 days after AMI. Selective blockade of A(2B) AdoR with GS-6201 reduces caspase-1 activity in the heart and leads to a more favorable cardiac remodeling after AMI in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- Virginia Commonwealth University Pauley Heart Center and Victoria Johnson Research Laboratories, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Bratton MR, Antoon JW, Duong BN, Frigo DE, Tilghman S, Collins-Burow BM, Elliott S, Tang Y, Melnik LI, Lai L, Alam J, Beckman BS, Hill SM, Rowan BG, McLachlan JA, Burow ME. Gαo potentiates estrogen receptor α activity via the ERK signaling pathway. J Endocrinol 2012; 214:45-54. [PMID: 22562654 PMCID: PMC3614348 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a transcription factor that mediates the biological effects of 17β-estradiol (E(2)). ERα transcriptional activity is also regulated by cytoplasmic signaling cascades. Here, several Gα protein subunits were tested for their ability to regulate ERα activity. Reporter assays revealed that overexpression of a constitutively active Gα(o) protein subunit potentiated ERα activity in the absence and presence of E(2). Transient transfection of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 showed that Gα(o) augments the transcription of several ERα-regulated genes. Western blots of HEK293T cells transfected with ER±Gα(o) revealed that Gα(o) stimulated phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and subsequently increased the phosphorylation of ERα on serine 118. In summary, our results show that Gα(o), through activation of the MAPK pathway, plays a role in the regulation of ERα activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melyssa R Bratton
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-78, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Adora2b-elicited Per2 stabilization promotes a HIF-dependent metabolic switch crucial for myocardial adaptation to ischemia. Nat Med 2012; 18:774-82. [PMID: 22504483 PMCID: PMC3378044 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine signaling has been implicated in cardiac adaptation to limited oxygen availability. In a wide search for adenosine receptor A2b (Adora2b)-elicited cardioadaptive responses, we identified the circadian rhythm protein period 2 (Per2) as an Adora2b target. Adora2b signaling led to Per2 stabilization during myocardial ischemia, and in this setting, Per2(-/-) mice had larger infarct sizes compared to wild-type mice and loss of the cardioprotection conferred by ischemic preconditioning. Metabolic studies uncovered a limited ability of ischemic hearts in Per2(-/-) mice to use carbohydrates for oxygen-efficient glycolysis. This impairment was caused by a failure to stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α). Moreover, stabilization of Per2 in the heart by exposing mice to intense light resulted in the transcriptional induction of glycolytic enzymes and Per2-dependent cardioprotection from ischemia. Together, these studies identify adenosine-elicited stabilization of Per2 in the control of HIF-dependent cardiac metabolism and ischemia tolerance and implicate Per2 stabilization as a potential new strategy for treating myocardial ischemia.
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Thauerer B, Zur Nedden S, Baier-Bitterlich G. Purine nucleosides: endogenous neuroprotectants in hypoxic brain. J Neurochem 2012; 121:329-42. [PMID: 22335456 PMCID: PMC3499684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Even a short blockade of oxygen flow in brain may lead to the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and depletion of cellular ATP, which results in profound deficiencies in cellular function. Following ischemia, dying, injured, and hypoxic cells release soluble purine-nucleotide and -nucleoside pools. Growing evidence suggests that purine nucleosides might act as trophic factors in the CNS and PNS. In addition to equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) regulating purine nucleoside concentrations intra- and extracellularly, specific extracellular receptor subtypes for these compounds are expressed on neurons, glia, and endothelial cells, mediating stunningly diverse effects. Such effects range from induction of cell differentiation, apoptosis, mitogenesis, and morphogenetic changes, to stimulation of synthesis and/or release of cytokines and neurotrophic factors under both physiological and pathological conditions. Multiple signaling pathways regulate the critical balance between cell death and survival in hypoxia-ischemia. A convergent pathway for the regulation of multiple modalities involved in O₂ sensing is the mitogen activated protein kinase (p42/44 MAPK) or (ERK1/2 extracellular signal-regulated kinases) pathway terminating in a variety of transcription factors, for example, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. In this review, the coherence of purine nucleoside-related pathways and MAPK activation in the endogenous neuroprotective regulation of the nervous system's development and neuroplasticity under hypoxic stress will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Thauerer
- Division of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter Department, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Feeney WP. The Chinese or Striped-Back Hamster. THE LABORATORY RABBIT, GUINEA PIG, HAMSTER, AND OTHER RODENTS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7149763 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-380920-9.00035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamsters are small rodents with a grayish black coat and a black dorsal stripe. Adult animals weigh approximately 39–46 gm, and measure approximately 9 cm in length. This species has been shown to be susceptible to a number of experimentally induced viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. In recent years, the Chinese hamster's contributions as a laboratory animal have been largely overshadowed by the focus on its cell lines and the role it plays in scientific research and biotechnology. The Chinese hamster used in biomedical research is traditionally classified as Cricetulus griseus. It has several biological features that have helped promote its use in biomedical research and these attributes include its small size, polyestrous cycle, short gestation period, and low chromosome number. The Chinese hamster has a low incidence of spontaneous and endogenous viral infections. This species has been shown to be susceptible to a number of experimentally induced viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. Chinese hamster-derived cells have played a major role in cytogenetic toxicity assays and the production of glycosylated therapeutic proteins. The behavior, research uses, and general toxicology of the Chinese hamster are summarized in this chapter.
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Koscsó B, Csóka B, Selmeczy Z, Himer L, Pacher P, Virág L, Haskó G. Adenosine augments IL-10 production by microglial cells through an A2B adenosine receptor-mediated process. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:445-53. [PMID: 22116830 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside and a ligand of four G protein-coupled adenosine receptors (ARs), which are the A(1)AR, A(2A)AR, A(2B)AR, and A(3)AR. ARs have been shown to suppress TNF-α production by microglia, but their role in regulating IL-10 production has not been studied. In this study, we demonstrate that adenosine augments IL-10 production by activated murine microglia while suppressing the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Because the order of potency of selective AR agonists in inducing IL-10 production was NECA > IB-MECA > CCPA ≥ CGS21680, and the A(2B)AR antagonist MRS1754 prevented the effect of NECA, we conclude that the stimulatory effect of adenosine on IL-10 production is mediated by the A(2B)AR. Mechanistically, adenosine augmented IL-10 mRNA accumulation by a transcriptional process. Using mutant IL-10 promoter constructs we showed that a CREB-binding region in the promoter mediated the augmenting effect of adenosine on IL-10 transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that adenosine induced CREB phosphorylation at the IL-10 promoter. Silencing CREB using lentivirally delivered short hairpin RNA blocked the enhancing effect of adenosine on IL-10 production, confirming a role for CREB in mediating the stimulatory effect of adenosine on IL-10 production. In addition, adenosine augmented IL-10 production by stimulating p38 MAPK. Collectively, our results establish that A(2B)ARs augment IL-10 production by activated murine microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Koscsó
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Yang X, Xin W, Yang XM, Kuno A, Rich TC, Cohen MV, Downey JM. A2B adenosine receptors inhibit superoxide production from mitochondrial complex I in rabbit cardiomyocytes via a mechanism sensitive to Pertussis toxin. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:995-1006. [PMID: 21366548 PMCID: PMC3130946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A(2B) adenosine receptors protect against ischaemia/reperfusion injury by activating survival kinases including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). However, the underlying mechanism(s) and signalling pathway(s) remain undefined. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HEK 293 cells stably transfected with human A(2B) adenosine receptors (HEK-A(2B) ) and isolated adult rabbit cardiomyocytes were used to assay phosphorylation of ERK by Western blot and cation flux through cAMP-gated channels by patch clamp methods. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria was measured with a fluorescent dye. KEY RESULTS In HEK-A(2B) cells, the selective A(2B) receptor agonist Bay 60-6583 (Bay 60) increased ERK phosphorylation and cAMP levels, detected by current through cAMP-gated ion channels. However, increased cAMP or its downstream target protein kinase A was not involved in ERK phosphorylation. Pertussis toxin (PTX) blocked ERK phosphorylation, suggesting receptor coupling to G(i) or G(o) proteins. Phosphorylation was also blocked by inhibition of PI3K (with wortmannin) or of ERK kinase (MEK1/2, with PD 98059) but not by inhibition of NO synthase (NOS). In cardiomyocytes, Bay 60 did not affect cAMP levels but did block the increased superoxide generation induced by rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. This effect of Bay 60 was inhibited by PD 98059, wortmannin or PTX. Inhibition of NOS blocked superoxide production because NOS is downstream of ERK. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of A(2B) adenosine receptors reduced superoxide generation from mitochondrial complex I through G(i/o) , ERK, PI3K, and NOS, all of which have been implicated in ischaemic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Yang
- Department of Physiology Pharmacology Medicine, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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Verzijl D, IJzerman AP. Functional selectivity of adenosine receptor ligands. Purinergic Signal 2011; 7:171-92. [PMID: 21544511 PMCID: PMC3146648 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-011-9232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors are plasma membrane proteins that transduce an extracellular signal into the interior of the cell. Basically every mammalian cell expresses at least one of the four adenosine receptor subtypes. Recent insight in signal transduction cascades teaches us that the current classification of receptor ligands into agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists relies very much on the experimental setup that was used. Upon activation of the receptors by the ubiquitous endogenous ligand adenosine they engage classical G protein-mediated pathways, resulting in production of second messengers and activation of kinases. Besides this well-described G protein-mediated signaling pathway, adenosine receptors activate scaffold proteins such as β-arrestins. Using innovative and sensitive experimental tools, it has been possible to detect ligands that preferentially stimulate the β-arrestin pathway over the G protein-mediated signal transduction route, or vice versa. This phenomenon is referred to as functional selectivity or biased signaling and implies that an antagonist for one pathway may be a full agonist for the other signaling route. Functional selectivity makes it necessary to redefine the functional properties of currently used adenosine receptor ligands and opens possibilities for new and more selective ligands. This review focuses on the current knowledge of functionally selective adenosine receptor ligands and on G protein-independent signaling of adenosine receptors through scaffold proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Verzijl
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ad P. IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Costa MA, Barbosa A, Neto E, Sá-e-Sousa A, Freitas R, Neves JM, Magalhães-Cardoso T, Ferreirinha F, Correia-de-Sá P. On the role of subtype selective adenosine receptor agonists during proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human primary bone marrow stromal cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1353-66. [PMID: 20945394 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purines are important modulators of bone cell biology. ATP is metabolized into adenosine by human primary osteoblast cells (HPOC); due to very low activity of adenosine deaminase, the nucleoside is the end product of the ecto-nucleotidase cascade. We, therefore, investigated the expression and function of adenosine receptor subtypes (A(1) , A(2A) , A(2B) , and A(3) ) during proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of HPOC. Adenosine A(1) (CPA), A(2A) (CGS21680C), A(2B) (NECA), and A(3) (2-Cl-IB-MECA) receptor agonists concentration-dependently increased HPOC proliferation. Agonist-induced HPOC proliferation was prevented by their selective antagonists, DPCPX, SCH442416, PSB603, and MRS1191. CPA and NECA facilitated osteogenic differentiation measured by increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. This contrasts with the effect of CGS21680C which delayed HPOC differentiation; 2-Cl-IB-MECA was devoid of effect. Blockade of the A(2B) receptor with PSB603 prevented osteogenic differentiation by NECA. In the presence of the A(1) antagonist, DPCPX, CPA reduced ALP activity at 21 and 28 days in culture. At the same time points, blockade of A(2A) receptors with SCH442416 transformed the inhibitory effect of CGS21680C into facilitation. Inhibition of adenosine uptake with dipyridamole caused a net increase in osteogenic differentiation. The presence of all subtypes of adenosine receptors on HPOC was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Data show that adenosine is an important regulator of osteogenic cell differentiation through the activation of subtype-specific receptors. The most abundant A(2B) receptor seems to have a consistent role in cell differentiation, which may be balanced through the relative strengths of A(1) or A(2A) receptors determining whether osteoblasts are driven into proliferation or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adelina Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, UMIB, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
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Shen B, Kwan HY, Ma X, Wong CO, Du J, Huang Y, Yao X. cAMP activates TRPC6 channels via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB)-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:19439-45. [PMID: 21487005 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.210294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP is an important second messenger that executes diverse physiological function in living cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of cAMP on canonical TRPC6 (transient receptor potential channel 6) channels in TRPC6-expressing HEK293 cells and glomerular mesangial cells. The results showed that 500 μm 8-Br-cAMP, a cell-permeable analog of cAMP, elicited [Ca(2+)](i) increases and stimulated a cation current at the whole-cell level in TRPC6-expressing HEK293 cells. The effect of cAMP diminished in the presence of the PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 or the MEK inhibitors PD98059, U0126, and MEK inhibitor I. 8-Br-cAMP also induced phosphorylation of MEK and ERK1/2. Conversion of serine to glycine at an ERK1/2 phosphorylation site (S281G) abolished the cAMP activation of TRPC6 as determined by whole-cell and cell-attached single-channel patch recordings. Experiments based on a panel of pharmacological inhibitors or activators suggested that the cAMP action on TRPC6 was not mediated by PKA, PKG, or EPAC (exchange protein activated by cAMP). Total internal fluorescence reflection microscopy showed that 8-Br-cAMP did not alter the trafficking of TRPC6 to the plasma membrane. We also found that, in glomerular mesangial cells, glucagon-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases were mediated through the cAMP-PI3K-PKB-MEK-ERK1/2-TRPC6 signaling pathway. In summary, this study uncovered a novel TRPC6 activation mechanism in which cAMP activates TRPC6 via the PI3K-PKB-MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shen
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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McIntosh VJ, Lasley RD. Adenosine receptor-mediated cardioprotection: are all 4 subtypes required or redundant? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2011; 17:21-33. [PMID: 21335481 DOI: 10.1177/1074248410396877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside, which is produced primarily through the metabolism of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), therefore its levels increase during stressful situations when ATP utilization increases. Adenosine exerts potent cardioprotective effects on the ischemic/reperfused heart, reducing reversible and irreversible myocardial injury. Adenosine receptors (ARs) are G-protein-coupled receptors, and 4 subtypes exist--A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3), all of which have been shown to be cardioprotective. Adenosine receptors are expressed on multiple cardiac cells, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and myocytes. Activation of both A(1) and A(3) receptors prior to ischemia has been shown in multiple experimental models to reduce ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac injury. Additionally, activation of the A(2A) receptor at the onset of reperfusion has been shown to reduce injury. Most recently, there is evidence that the A(2B) receptor has cardioprotective effects upon its activation. However, controversy remains regarding the precise timing of activation of these receptors required to induce cardioprotection, as well as their involvement in ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. Adenosine receptors have been suggested to reduce cell death through actions at the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium (K(ATP)) channel, as well as protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Additionally, the ability of ARs to interact has been documented, and several recent reports suggest that these interactions play a role in AR-mediated cardioprotection. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the cardioprotective effects of each AR subtype, as well as the proposed mechanisms of AR cardioprotection. Additionally, the role of AR interactions in cardioprotection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Socodato R, Brito R, Calaza KC, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Developmental regulation of neuronal survival by adenosine in the in vitro and in vivo avian retina depends on a shift of signaling pathways leading to CREB phosphorylation or dephosphorylation. J Neurochem 2010; 116:227-39. [PMID: 21054391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown a cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent neuroprotective effect of adenosine on glutamate or re-feeding-induced apoptosis in chick retina neuronal cultures. In the present work, we have studied the effect of adenosine on the survival of retinal progenitor cells. Cultures obtained from 6-day-old (E6) or from 8-day-old (E8) chick embryos were challenged 2 h (C0) or 1 day (C1) after seeding and analyzed after 3-4 days in vitro. Surprisingly, treatment with the selective A2a adenosine receptor agonists N(6) -[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)-ethyl]adenosine (DPMA) or 3-[4-[2-[[6-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-5-(ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-oxolan-2-yl]purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]propanoic acid (CGS21680) promoted cell death when added at E6C0 but not at E6C1 or E8C0. DPMA-induced cell death involved activation of A2a receptors and the phospholipase C/protein kinase C but not the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, and was not correlated with early modulation of precursor cells proliferation. Regarding cyclic nucleotide responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, cultures from E6 embryos behave in an opposite manner from that from E8 embryos, both in vitro and in vivo. While the phospho-CREB level was high at E6C0 cultures and could be diminished by DPMA, it was lower at E8C0 and could be increased by DPMA. Similar to what was observed in cell survival studies, CREB dephosphorylation induced by DPMA in E6C0 cultures was dependent on the Phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway. Accordingly, cell death induced by DPMA was inhibited by okadaic acid, a phosphatase blocker. Moreover, DPMA as well as the adenosine uptake blocker nitrobenzyl mercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR) modulate cell survival and CREB phosphorylation in a population of cells in the ganglion cell layer in vivo. These data suggest that A2a adenosine receptors as well as CREB may display a novel and important function by controlling the repertoire of developing retinal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Socodato
- Laboratories of Cellular Neurobiology and Neurobiology of Retina, Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Aherne CM, Kewley EM, Eltzschig HK. The resurgence of A2B adenosine receptor signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1808:1329-39. [PMID: 20546702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery as a low-affinity adenosine receptor (AR), the A2B receptor (A2BAR), has proven enigmatic in its function. The previous discovery of the A2AAR, which shares many similarities with the A2BAR but demonstrates significantly greater affinity for its endogenous ligand, led to the original perception that the A2BAR was not of substantial physiologic relevance. In addition, lack of specific pharmacological agents targeting the A2BAR made its initial characterization challenging. However, the importance of this receptor was reconsidered when it was observed that the A2BAR is highly transcriptionally regulated by factors implicated in inflammatory hypoxia. Moreover, the notion that during ischemia or inflammation extracellular adenosine is dramatically elevated to levels sufficient for A2BAR activation, indicated that A2BAR signaling may be important to dampen inflammation particularly during tissue hypoxia. In addition, the recent advent of techniques for murine genetic manipulation along with development of pharmacological agents with enhanced A2BAR specificity has provided invaluable tools for focused studies on the explicit role of A2BAR signaling in different disease models. Currently, studies performed with combined genetic and pharmacological approaches have demonstrated that A2BAR signaling plays a tissue protective role in many models of acute diseases e.g. myocardial ischemia, or acute lung injury. These studies indicate that the A2BAR is expressed on a wide variety of cell types and exerts tissue/cell specific effects. This is an important consideration for future studies where tissue or cell type specific targeting of the A2BAR may be used as therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Aherne
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Csóka B, Németh ZH, Rosenberger P, Eltzschig HK, Spolarics Z, Pacher P, Selmeczy Z, Koscsó B, Himer L, Vizi ES, Blackburn MR, Deitch EA, Haskó G. A2B adenosine receptors protect against sepsis-induced mortality by dampening excessive inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:542-50. [PMID: 20505145 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research, efforts to reduce the mortality of septic patients have failed. Adenosine is a potent extracellular signaling molecule, and its levels are elevated in sepsis. Adenosine signals through G-protein-coupled receptors and can regulate the host's response to sepsis. In this study, we studied the role of A(2B) adenosine receptors in regulating the mortality and inflammatory response of mice following polymicrobial sepsis. Genetic deficiency of A(2B) receptors increased the mortality of mice suffering from cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. The increased mortality of A(2B) knockout mice was associated with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and augmented NF-kappaB and p38 activation in the spleen, heart, and plasma in comparison with wild-type animals. In addition, A(2B) receptor knockout mice showed increased splenic apoptosis and phosphatase and tensin homolog activation and decreased Akt activation. Experiments using bone-marrow chimeras revealed that it is the lack of A(2B) receptors on nonhematopoietic cells that is primarily responsible for the increased inflammation of septic A(2B) receptor-deficient mice. These results indicate that A(2B) receptor activation may offer a new therapeutic approach for the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Csóka
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Carlsson SK, Edman MC, Delbro D, Gierow JP. Adenosine A2 receptor presence and synergy with cholinergic stimulation in rabbit lacrimal gland. Curr Eye Res 2010; 35:466-74. [PMID: 20465439 DOI: 10.3109/02713681003602667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Secretion from the lacrimal gland is an important part of the well-being of the eye, and a central part in the search for treatment of dry eye syndrome. Adenosine has stimulatory effects on the lacrimal gland, and can potentiate the effect of the cholinergic agonist carbachol (Cch). The aim of the present study is to investigate the presence of the adenosine A(2) receptor subtypes A(2A) and A(2B) in the rabbit lacrimal gland, and to characterize their role in regulated acinar cell secretion. METHODS Expression of the receptors was investigated using reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence, and secretion effects were studied using a secretion assay in isolated lacrimal gland acinar cells. RESULTS Presence of both receptors was detected by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The secretion assay revealed a minor effect of stimulation of the A(2) receptors, and a strong synergistic effect with the cholinergic agonist Cch. The synergistic effect was significantly reduced by the A(2B) antagonist PSB 1115, but not by the A(2A) antagonist SCH 58261, indicating that A(2B) is the receptor responsible for this potentiation. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals the presence of the adenosine A(2) receptor subtypes as well as a role for them in lacrimal gland secretion, and especially in the synergy with purinergic and cholinergic stimulation.
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Abstract
There are four adenosine receptors, A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3), together forming a defined subgroup of G protein coupled receptors. They are well conserved and widely expressed. The endogenous agonist, adenosine, has a minimal concentration in body fluids (20-200 nM) that is sufficient to slightly activate the receptors where they are very highly expressed-as in the basal ganglia, on fat cells and in the kidney. Here adenosine can play a physiological role and here antagonists such as caffeine can have effects in healthy individuals. Adenosine levels rise in stress and distress (up to 30 microM in ischemia) and tend to minimize the risk for adverse outcomes by increasing energy supply and decreasing cellular work, by stimulating angiogenesis, mediating preconditioning and having multiple effects on immune competent cells. These pathophysiological roles of adenosine also offer some potential drug targets, but the fact that adenosine receptors are involved in so many processes does not simplify drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertil B Fredholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Feng W, Song Y, Chen C, Lu ZZ, Zhang Y. Stimulation of adenosine A(2B) receptors induces interleukin-6 secretion in cardiac fibroblasts via the PKC-delta-P38 signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 159:1598-607. [PMID: 20050850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inflammatory response and cytokine activation are markedly stimulated after myocardial infarction, and contribute to cardiac remodelling. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has pleiotropic effects on cardiac remodelling. Adenosine, released by all cell types, binds to a class of G protein-coupled receptors to induce various cardiovascular effects. The aim of this work was to investigate whether activation of adenosine receptors, particularly A(2B) adenosine receptors, could stimulate IL-6 secretion in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH elisa was used to assess IL-6 concentration in supernatant, and immunostaining was used to analyse IL-6 protein level in CFs. The levels of phosphorylated and total p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta) were determined by Western blot analysis. KEY RESULTS Adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide (NECA), a stable adenosine analogue, dose- and time-dependently stimulated IL-6 secretion in CFs. The effect of NECA was dose-dependently inhibited by an A(2B) antagonist, and silencing of the A(2B) receptor also inhibited IL-6 secretion. By using PKC isoform-selective inhibitors and translocation peptide inhibitors, the PKC-delta isoform was found to be involved in the up-regulation of IL-6 production. Inhibition of p38 by SB203580, and adenoviral transfer of dominant-negative p38 inhibited NECA-induced IL-6 production. Furthermore, PKC-delta functioned as an upstream regulator of p38 MAPK in this process. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We demonstrated a novel relationship between adenosine and IL-6 secretion, in that IL-6 secretion induced by NECA was mediated by adenosine A(2B) receptor activation in CFs and was dependent on a PKCdelta-P38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Stimulation of adenosine A2b receptors blocks apoptosis in the non-infarcted myocardium even when administered after the onset of infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 328:119-26. [PMID: 19301100 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic adenosine A2b receptor stimulation has been shown to prevent ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that this effect is due to the inhibition of cardiac myocyte apoptosis in the myocardium remote from the infarction. METHODS Rats were subjected to MI by LAD ligation in situ. Some animals were pre-treated with the stable adenosine analogue 2-chloro-adenosine (CADO). After 24 h, pro- and anti-apoptotic signals (protein kinase C isoforms, p38, g proteins, Bcl-2/Bax ratio, Akt, Bad), and marker of apoptosis execution (caspase-3, TUNEL) were quantified in the remote myocardium. RESULTS CADO prevented the occurrence of apoptosis in the remote myocardium of an infarcted heart. This effect occured not only when CADO was started before the onset of ischemia but also when it started 3 h after the infarction. The anti-apoptotic effect of CADO was blocked by simultaneous administration of the selective adenosine A2b receptor antagonist MRS1754 (1 mg/kg). The anti-apoptotic effect of CADO seems to be mediated by g(alphaq) and by the activation of survival kinases (Bad) and by inhibition of the pro-apoptotic PKC-delta/p38-MAPK-pathway. CONCLUSION Chronic adenosine A2b receptor stimulation blocks cardiac myocyte apoptosis in the remote myocardium even when started after the onset of infarction. This may explain the anti-remodelling-effect of the A2b receptor stimulation after infarction.
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Villarreal F, Epperson SA, Ramirez-Sanchez I, Yamazaki KG, Brunton LL. Regulation of cardiac fibroblast collagen synthesis by adenosine: roles for Epac and PI3K. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 296:C1178-84. [PMID: 19279233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00291.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rat cardiac fibroblasts (CF) express multiple adenosine (ADO) receptors. Pharmacological evidence suggests that activation of A(2) receptors may inhibit collagen synthesis via adenylyl cyclase-induced elevation of cellular cAMP. We have characterized the signaling pathways involved in ADO-mediated inhibition of collagen synthesis in primary cultures of adult rat CF. ANG II stimulates collagen production in these cells. Coincubation with agents that elevate cellular cAMP [the ADO agonist, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadensoine (NECA), and forskolin] inhibited the stimulatory effects of ANG II. However, direct stimulators and inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA) did not alter ANG II-induced collagen synthesis, indicating that PKA does not mediate the inhibitory effects of NECA. Inhibitors of AMP-kinase (AMPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) do not alter NECA-inhibited collagen synthesis. However, activation of exchange factor directly activated by cAMP (Epac) mimicked the effects of NECA on ANG II-stimulated collagen synthesis. Inhibition of phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) reduced the inhibitory effects of NECA on ANG II-induced collagen synthesis, suggesting that NECA acts via PI3K. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K also relieved the inhibitory effect of Epac activation on ANG II-stimulated collagen synthesis. Thus it appears that ADO activates the A(2)R-G(s)-adenylyl cyclase pathway and that the resultant cAMP reduces collagen synthesis via a PKA-independent, Epac-dependent pathway that feeds through PI3K.
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Epperson SA, Brunton LL, Ramirez-Sanchez I, Villarreal F. Adenosine receptors and second messenger signaling pathways in rat cardiac fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 296:C1171-7. [PMID: 19244482 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00290.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of adenosine (ADO) to inhibit proliferation and protein synthesis (in particular, collagen synthesis) in cardiac fibroblasts (CF) may ameliorate adverse cardiac remodeling and fibrosis seen in heart failure patients. However, little is known about the signaling pathways that ADO may modulate in CF to alter cell phenotype. Accordingly, this study was designed to identify ADO receptors (AR) and the signaling pathways linked to them in primary cultures of adult rat CF. Quantitative RT-PCR data indicate that the mRNAs for all four known ARs (A(1)R, A(2a)R, A(2b)R, and A(3)R) are present in rat CF, with a greater prevalence of A(2) receptor subtypes. No coupling of AR to the G(q)-phospholipase C signaling pathway or to mobilization of calcium is measurable. Studies using subtype specific agents imply that the A(2a)R and A(2b)R couple to G(s)-adenylyl cyclase and A(1)R couple weakly to G(i)-adenylyl cyclase. 2-Chloroadenosine, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadensoine, and other agents that elevate cellular cAMP stimulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activity in a pertussis toxin-insensitive manner. We conclude that a combination of cAMP-dependent signals generated via A(2a) and A(2b) receptors likely mediate ADO signaling in adult rat CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Epperson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Migita H, Kominami K, Higashida M, Maruyama R, Tuchida N, McDonald F, Shimada F, Sakurada K. Activation of adenosine A1receptor-induced neural stem cell proliferation via MEK/ERK and Akt signaling pathways. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:2820-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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