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Runthala A, Mbye M, Ayyash M, Xu Y, Kamal-Eldin A. Caseins: Versatility of Their Micellar Organization in Relation to the Functional and Nutritional Properties of Milk. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052023. [PMID: 36903269 PMCID: PMC10004547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The milk of mammals is a complex fluid mixture of various proteins, minerals, lipids, and other micronutrients that play a critical role in providing nutrition and immunity to newborns. Casein proteins together with calcium phosphate form large colloidal particles, called casein micelles. Caseins and their micelles have received great scientific interest, but their versatility and role in the functional and nutritional properties of milk from different animal species are not fully understood. Caseins belong to a class of proteins that exhibit open and flexible conformations. Here, we discuss the key features that maintain the structures of the protein sequences in four selected animal species: cow, camel, human, and African elephant. The primary sequences of these proteins and their posttranslational modifications (phosphorylation and glycosylation) that determine their secondary structures have distinctively evolved in these different animal species, leading to differences in their structural, functional, and nutritional properties. The variability in the structures of milk caseins influence the properties of their dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt, as well as their digestibility and allergic properties. Such differences are beneficial to the development of different functionally improved casein molecules with variable biological and industrial utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Runthala
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vijayawada 522302, India
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (A.K.-E.); Tel.: +971-5-0138-9248 (A.K.-E.)
| | - Mustapha Mbye
- Department of Food Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yajun Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- Department of Food Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (A.K.-E.); Tel.: +971-5-0138-9248 (A.K.-E.)
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2
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Naito M, Matsui T, Ito K, Izumi H. Serine phosphate group in casein phosphopeptide is crucial for IgE binding to αs1-casein. Allergol Int 2023:S1323-8930(23)00004-7. [PMID: 36813678 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Naito
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Teruaki Matsui
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Komei Ito
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan; Department of Comprehensive Pediatric Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Izumi
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
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3
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Üzülmez Ö, Kalic T, Mayr V, Lengger N, Tscheppe A, Radauer C, Hafner C, Hemmer W, Breiteneder H. The Major Peanut Allergen Ara h 2 Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Contains Hydroxyprolines and Is a Viable Alternative to the E. Coli Product in Allergy Diagnosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:723363. [PMID: 34671372 PMCID: PMC8522509 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.723363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Peanut allergy is a potentially life-threatening disease that is mediated by allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. The major peanut allergen Ara h 2, a 2S albumin seed storage protein, is one of the most dangerous and potent plant allergens. Ara h 2 is posttranslationally modified to harbor four disulfide bridges and three hydroxyprolines. These hydroxyproline residues are required for optimal IgE-binding to the DPYSPOHS motifs representing an immunodominant IgE epitope. So far, recombinant Ara h 2 has been produced in Escherichia coli, Lactococcus lactis, Trichoplusia ni insect cell, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast expression systems, which were all incapable of proline hydroxylation. However, molecular diagnosis of peanut allergy is performed using either natural or E. coli-produced major peanut allergens. As IgE from the majority of patients is directed to Ara h 2, it is of great importance that the recombinant Ara h 2 harbors all of its eukaryotic posttranslational modifications. We produced hydroxyproline-containing and correctly folded Ara h 2 in the endoplasmic reticulum of leaf cells of Nicotiana benthamiana plants, using the plant virus-based magnICON® transient expression system with a yield of 200 mg/kg fresh biomass. To compare prokaryotic with eukaryotic expression methods, Ara h 2 was expressed in E. coli together with the disulfide-bond isomerase DsbC and thus harbored disulfide bridges but no hydroxyprolines. The recombinant allergens from N. benthamiana and E. coli were characterized and compared to the natural Ara h 2 isolated from roasted peanuts. Natural Ara h 2 outperformed both recombinant proteins in IgE-binding and activation of basophils via IgE cross-linking, the latter indicating the potency of the allergen. Interestingly, significantly more efficient IgE cross-linking by the N. benthamiana-produced allergen was observed in comparison to the one induced by the E. coli product. Ara h 2 from N. benthamiana plants displayed a higher similarity to the natural allergen in terms of basophil activation due to the presence of hydroxyproline residues, supporting so far published data on their contribution to the immunodominant IgE epitope. Our study advocates the use of N. benthamiana plants instead of prokaryotic expression hosts for the production of the major peanut allergen Ara h 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Öykü Üzülmez
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Kalic
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. Pölten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Vanessa Mayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Lengger
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Tscheppe
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Radauer
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. Pölten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Dermatological Research, St. Pölten, Austria
| | | | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Are Physicochemical Properties Shaping the Allergenic Potency of Animal Allergens? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:1-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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5
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Pramanik U, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharyya K, Mukherjee S. An intrinsically disordered protein in F127 hydrogel: Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and structural diversity of beta casein. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Zenker HE, Wichers HJ, Tomassen MMM, Boeren S, De Jong NW, Hettinga KA. Peptide Release after Simulated Infant In Vitro Digestion of Dry Heated Cow's Milk Protein and Transport of Potentially Immunoreactive Peptides across the Caco-2 Cell Monolayer. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082483. [PMID: 32824739 PMCID: PMC7468992 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry heating of cow’s milk protein, as applied in the production of “baked milk”, facilitates the resolution of cow’s milk allergy symptoms upon digestion. The heating and glycation-induced changes of the protein structure can affect both digestibility and immunoreactivity. The immunological consequences may be due to changes in the peptide profile of the digested dry heated milk protein. Therefore, cow’s milk protein powder was heated at low temperature (60 °C) and high temperature (130 °C) and applied to simulated infant in vitro digestion. Digestion-derived peptides after 10 min and 60 min in the intestinal phase were measured using LC-MS/MS. Moreover, digests after 10 min intestinal digestion were applied to a Caco-2 cell monolayer. T-cell epitopes were analysed using prediction software, while specific immunoglobin E (sIgE) binding epitopes were identified based on the existing literature. The largest number of sIgE binding epitopes was found in unheated samples, while T-cell epitopes were equally represented in all samples. Transport of glycated peptide indicated a preference for glucosyl lysine and lactosyl-lysine-modified peptides, while transport of peptides containing epitope structures was limited. This showed that the release of immunoreactive peptides can be affected by the applied heating conditions; however, availability of peptides containing epitopes might be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Zenker
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research Centre, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Harry J. Wichers
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research Centre, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.J.W.); (M.M.M.T.)
- Laboratory of Food chemistry, Wageningen University & Research Centre, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monic M. M. Tomassen
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research Centre, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.J.W.); (M.M.M.T.)
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research Centre, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Nicolette W. De Jong
- Internal Medicine, Department of Allergology & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Kasper A. Hettinga
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research Centre, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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Lebetwa N, Suzuki Y, Tanaka S, Nakamura S, Katayama S. Enhanced Anti-Allergic Activity of Milk Casein Phosphopeptide by Additional Phosphorylation in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040738. [PMID: 30791382 PMCID: PMC6412743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteolytic digest of milk casein, known as casein phosphopeptide (CPP-III), exhibits diverse biological activities, including calcium absorption and antioxidant activities. We hypothesized that the additional phosphorylation of this peptide can enhance its immunomodulatory activity such as suppression of allergy-associated cytokine and antigen-specific immune response. This study was conducted to assess whether oral intake of additionally phosphorylated CPP-III (P-CPP) attenuates ovalbumin (OVA)-induced IgE-mediated allergic reactions because of the additional phosphate groups. Female BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized with OVA twice at intervals of 14 days and then orally fed native CPP-III (N-CPP), P-CPP, and dephosphorylated CPP-III (D-CPP) for 6 weeks. Next, the mice were orally challenged with 50 mg of OVA. Oral administration of P-CPP suppressed total and specific IgE levels in the serum. Mice fed P-CPP exhibited low levels of OVA-specific IgG1 and increased OVA-specific IgG2a. P-CPP also suppressed IL-4 production, while D-CPP showed similar a level compared to that of the control. Further, P-CPP increased the population of the T follicular helper (Tfh) cell in the spleen. These results suggest that additional phosphorylation of CPP can enhance the attenuation of allergen-specific IgE-modulated allergic reactions in a murine food allergy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntshepisa Lebetwa
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
- Department of Agricultural Research, Animal Production and Range research Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Private bag 0033, Gaborone BO320, Botswana.
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Sachi Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Soichiro Nakamura
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Katayama
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
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8
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Chizoba Ekezie FG, Cheng JH, Sun DW. Effects of nonthermal food processing technologies on food allergens: A review of recent research advances. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Analysis of Protein-Phenolic Compound Modifications Using Electrochemistry Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020264. [PMID: 29382123 PMCID: PMC6017572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, electrochemical oxidation coupled with mass spectrometry has been successfully used for the analysis of metabolic studies. The application focused in this study was to investigate the redox potential of different phenolic compounds such as the very prominent chlorogenic acid. Further, EC/ESI-MS was used as preparation technique for analyzing adduct formation between electrochemically oxidized phenolic compounds and food proteins, e.g., alpha-lactalbumin or peptides derived from a tryptic digestion. In the first step of this approach, two reactant solutions are combined and mixed: one contains the solution of the digested protein, and the other contains the phenolic compound of interest, which was, prior to the mixing process, electrochemically transformed to several oxidation products using a boron-doped diamond working electrode. As a result, a Michael-type addition led to covalent binding of the activated phenolic compounds to reactive protein/peptide side chains. In a follow-up approach, the reaction mix was further separated chromatographically and finally detected using ESI-HRMS. Compound-specific, electrochemical oxidation of phenolic acids was performed successfully, and various oxidation and reaction products with proteins/peptides were observed. Further optimization of the reaction (conditions) is required, as well as structural elucidation concerning the final adducts, which can be phenolic compound oligomers, but even more interestingly, quite complex mixtures of proteins and oxidation products.
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10
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Villa C, Costa J, Oliveira MBP, Mafra I. Bovine Milk Allergens: A Comprehensive Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 17:137-164. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
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11
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Proteins and bioactive peptides from donkey milk: The molecular basis for its reduced allergenic properties. Food Res Int 2017; 99:41-57. [PMID: 28784499 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The legendary therapeutics properties of donkey milk have recently been supported by many clinical trials who have clearly demonstrated that, even if with adequate lipid integration, it may represent a valid natural substitute of cow milk for feeding allergic children. During the last decade many investigations by MS-based methods have been performed in order to obtain a better knowledge of donkey milk proteins. The knowledge about the primary structure of donkey milk proteins now may provide the basis for a more accurate comprehension of its potential benefits for human nutrition. In this aspect, experimental data today available clearly demonstrate that donkey milk proteins (especially casein components) are more closely related with the human homologues rather than cow counterparts. Moreover, the low allergenic properties of donkey milk with respect to cow one seem to be related to the low total protein content, the low ratio of caseins to whey fraction, and finally to the presence in almost all bovine IgE-binding linear epitopes of multiple amino acid differences with respect to the corresponding regions of donkey milk counterparts.
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12
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Sultan S, Huma N, Butt MS, Aleem M, Abbas M. Therapeutic potential of dairy bioactive peptides: A contemporary perspective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:105-115. [PMID: 26852912 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1136590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dairy products are associated with numerous health benefits. These are a good source of nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein (bioactive peptides), lipids, minerals, and vitamins, which are essential for growth, development, and maintenance of the human body. Accordingly, dairy bioactive peptides are one of the targeted compounds present in different dairy products. Dairy bioactive compounds can be classified as antihypertensive, anti-oxidative, immmunomodulant, anti-mutagenic, antimicrobial, opoid, anti-thrombotic, anti-obesity, and mineral-binding agents, depending upon biological functions. These bioactive peptides can easily be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis, and during fermentation and gastrointestinal digestion. For this reason, fermented dairy products, such as yogurt, cheese, and sour milk, are gaining popularity worldwide, and are considered excellent source of dairy peptides. Furthermore, fermented and non-fermented dairy products are associated with lower risks of hypertension, coagulopathy, stroke, and cancer insurgences. The current review article is an attempt to disseminate general information about dairy peptides and their health claims to scientists, allied stakeholders, and, certainly, readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Sultan
- a National Institute of Food Science and Technology , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan.,b Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation , The University of Queensland , Queensland , Australia
| | - Nuzhat Huma
- a National Institute of Food Science and Technology , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Masood Sadiq Butt
- a National Institute of Food Science and Technology , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aleem
- c Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutritional Science (140a), Universitat Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Munawar Abbas
- d Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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13
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Ha WK, Lee J, Kim KE. Development and properties of hypoallergenic infant formula. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2017. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2017.5.2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Woel-Kyu Ha
- Research and Development Center, Maeil Dairies Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Research and Development Center, Maeil Dairies Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Korea
| | - Kyu-Earn Kim
- Development of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Lisson M, Novak N, Erhardt G. Immunoglobulin E epitope mapping by microarray immunoassay reveals differences in immune response to genetic variants of caseins from different ruminant species. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1939-54. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of bovine αS1- and αS2-casein variants gives rise to different IgE-binding epitopes. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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dos Santos-Pinto JRA, dos Santos LD, Andrade Arcuri H, Castro FM, Kalil JE, Palma MS. Using Proteomic Strategies for Sequencing and Post-Translational Modifications Assignment of Antigen-5, a Major Allergen from the Venom of the Social Wasp Polybia paulista. J Proteome Res 2013; 13:855-65. [DOI: 10.1021/pr4008927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Aparecido dos Santos-Pinto
- Institute
of Biosciences of Rio Claro, Department of Biology, Center of the
Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro,
SP, Brazil
- INCT-iii, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Delazari dos Santos
- Center
for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- INCT-iii, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helen Andrade Arcuri
- INCT-iii, São Paulo, Brazil
- Discipline
of Allergy and Immunology (HC/Incor/FMUSP), SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Morato Castro
- INCT-iii, São Paulo, Brazil
- Discipline
of Allergy and Immunology (HC/Incor/FMUSP), SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Elias Kalil
- INCT-iii, São Paulo, Brazil
- Discipline
of Allergy and Immunology (HC/Incor/FMUSP), SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Institute
of Biosciences of Rio Claro, Department of Biology, Center of the
Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro,
SP, Brazil
- INCT-iii, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Proteome and phosphoproteome analysis of honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom collected from electrical stimulation and manual extraction of the venom gland. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:766. [PMID: 24199871 PMCID: PMC3835400 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honeybee venom is a complicated defensive toxin that has a wide range of pharmacologically active compounds. Some of these compounds are useful for human therapeutics. There are two major forms of honeybee venom used in pharmacological applications: manually (or reservoir disrupting) extracted glandular venom (GV), and venom extracted through the use of electrical stimulation (ESV). A proteome comparison of these two venom forms and an understanding of the phosphorylation status of ESV, are still very limited. Here, the proteomes of GV and ESV were compared using both gel-based and gel-free proteomics approaches and the phosphoproteome of ESV was determined through the use of TiO2 enrichment. RESULTS Of the 43 proteins identified in GV, < 40% were venom toxins, and >60% of the proteins were non-toxic proteins resulting from contamination by gland tissue damage during extraction and bee death. Of the 17 proteins identified in ESV, 14 proteins (>80%) were venom toxic proteins and most of them were found in higher abundance than in GV. Moreover, two novel proteins (dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 11-like and histone H2B.3-like) and three novel phosphorylation sites (icarapin (S43), phospholipase A-2 (T145), and apamin (T23)) were identified. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that venom extracted manually is different from venom extracted using ESV, and these differences may be important in their use as pharmacological agents. ESV may be more efficient than GV as a potential pharmacological source because of its higher venom protein content, production efficiency, and without the need to kill honeybee. The three newly identified phosphorylated venom proteins in ESV may elicit a different immune response through the specific recognition of antigenic determinants. The two novel venom proteins extend our proteome coverage of honeybee venom.
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19
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Resende VMF, Vasilj A, Santos KS, Palma MS, Shevchenko A. Proteome and phosphoproteome of Africanized and European honeybee venoms. Proteomics 2013; 13:2638-48. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Maria Ferreira Resende
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy; Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii-INCT); São Paulo SP Brazil
- MPI of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics; Dresden Germany
| | - Andrej Vasilj
- MPI of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics; Dresden Germany
| | - Keity Souza Santos
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy; Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii-INCT); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii-INCT); São Paulo SP Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro; Sao Paulo State University (UNESP); Rio Claro SP Brazil
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Lisson M, Lochnit G, Erhardt G. Genetic variants of bovine β- and κ-casein result in different immunoglobulin E-binding epitopes after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:5532-43. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Olumee-Shabon Z, Boehmer JL. Detection of casein phosphopeptides in goat milk. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3034-41. [PMID: 23586903 DOI: 10.1021/pr3010666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to profile casein phosphopeptides in goat milk, to accurately determine the site of phosphorylation, and to evaluate whether or not any of the casein phosphorylation patterns were specific to a given physiological condition. Goat milk, collected before and after experimental induction of endotoxin mastitis, was separated by SDS-PAGE. Casein bands were digested with trypsin and the resulting peptides were analyzed by nLC-MS/MS. Eight out of nine predicted tryptic phosphopeptides corresponding to 18 different phosphorylation sites were detected in αS1-, αS2-, and β-casein. Characterization of the phosphorylation sites illustrated the capability of tandem MS to accurately localize phosphorylated residues among a number of other putative sites. Despite an apparent lower abundance, almost all of the phosphopeptides were also detected in milk samples obtained from the goats following experimental induction of endotoxin mastitis. However, a tetra-phosphopeptide in αS2-casein was only observed in the milk samples obtained from healthy animals. The absence of this multiphosphopeptide in the mastitic goat milk samples could indicate changes in phosphorylation as a result of disease and potentially be used as a marker for milk quality. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of casein phosphoproteome and reveals a much higher level of phosphorylation than previously demonstrated in goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Olumee-Shabon
- US Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, Maryland 20708, United States.
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Lapteva YS, Uversky VN, Permyakov SE. Sequence microheterogeneity of parvalbumin, the major fish allergen. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1607-14. [PMID: 23632315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The microheterogeneity of amino acid sequence observed in various allergens may affect immune response, but incidence of sequence microheterogeneity in allergens and its relation to their allergenicity are unclear. The occurrence of sequence microheterogeneity in major fish allergen, parvalbumin (PA), has been explored using bioinformatics approaches. 44% of 111 species with known PA sequence have PA isoforms. 41% of these species exhibit from 1 to 4 cases of PA sequence microheterogeneity, i.e. unique pairs of PA isoforms with sequence identity above 90%. 29% of 210 PA sequences studied are characterized by microheterogeneity. The occurrence of allergens among them is 2.5-fold higher than among other PAs. The incidence of sequence microheterogeneity within more allergenic β isoform of PA is 2.0-fold lower than that for its less allergenic α isoform. 39 residues affected by PA microheterogeneity are concentrated in the region of helices A, B, F, while helices D and E are the most conservative region. 44% and 11% of the microheterogeneous substitutions are located in the species-specific and cross-reactive IgE-binding epitopes of PAs, respectively. 45% and 48% of the substitution cases are predicted to cause notable changes in protein disorder propensity and protein stability, respectively. Hence, the increased allergenicity rate among PAs having microheterogeneous isoforms can be related to differences in their IgE-binding caused directly or in an allosteric manner. Overall, sequence microheterogeneity is shown to be inherent to many of PAs and likely contributes to PA allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia S Lapteva
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
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Johnson P, Philo M, Watson A, Mills ENC. Rapid fingerprinting of milk thermal processing history by intact protein mass spectrometry with nondenaturing chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12420-7. [PMID: 22007861 DOI: 10.1021/jf203151e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thermal processing of foods results in proteins undergoing conformational changes, aggregation, and chemical modification notably with sugars via the Maillard reaction. This can impact their functional, nutritional, and allergenic properties. Native size-exclusion chromatography with online electrospray mass spectrometry (SEC-ESI-MS) was used to characterize processing-induced changes in milk proteins in a range of milk products. Milk products could be readily grouped into either pasteurized liquid milks, heavily processed milks, or milk powders by SEC behavior, particularly by aggregation of whey proteins by thermal processing. Maillard modification of all major milk proteins by lactose was observed by MS and was primarily present in milk powders. The method developed is a rapid tool for fingerprinting the processing history of milk and has potential as a quality control method for food ingredient manufacture. The method described here can profile milk protein oligomeric state, aggregation, and Maillard modification in a single shot, rapid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Johnson
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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Dupont D, Mandalari G, Mollé D, Jardin J, Rolet-Répécaud O, Duboz G, Léonil J, Mills CEN, Mackie AR. Food processing increases casein resistance to simulated infant digestion. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:1677-89. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hochwallner H, Schulmeister U, Swoboda I, Balic N, Geller B, Nystrand M, Härlin A, Thalhamer J, Scheiblhofer S, Niggemann B, Quirce S, Ebner C, Mari A, Pauli G, Herz U, van Tol EAF, Valenta R, Spitzauer S. Microarray and allergenic activity assessment of milk allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:1809-18. [PMID: 20860558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's milk is one of the most common causes of food allergy affecting approximately 2.5% of infants in the first years of their life. However, only limited information regarding the allergenic activity of individual cow's milk allergens is available. OBJECTIVE To analyse the frequency of IgE reactivity and to determine the allergenic activity of individual cow's milk allergens. METHODS A nitrocellulose-based microarray, based on purified natural and recombinant cow's milk allergens was used to determine IgE reactivity profiles using sera from 78 cow's milk-sensitized individuals of varying ages. The allergenic activity of the individual allergens was tested using patients' sera for loading rat basophil leukaemia cells (RBL) expressing the α-chain of the human receptor FcεRI. RESULTS Using the microarray and the RBL assay, cow's milk allergens were assessed for frequency of IgE recognition and allergenic activity. Moreover, the RBL assay allowed distinguishing individuals without or with mild clinical reactions from those with severe systemic or gastrointestinal symptoms as well as persons who grew out cow's milk allergy from those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Component-resolved testing using milk allergen microarrays and RBL assays seems to provide useful additional diagnostic information and may represent a basis for future forms of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for cow's milk allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hochwallner
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Senocq D, Dupont D, Rolet-Répécaud O, Levieux D. Monoclonal Antibodies against Bovine β-Casein: Production and Epitope Characterization. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100120094483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Haque E, Chand R, Kapila S. Biofunctional Properties of Bioactive Peptides of Milk Origin. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/87559120802458198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rogerieux F, Godfrin D, Sénéchal H, Motta AC, Marlière M, Peltre G, Lacroix G. Modifications of Phleum pratense grass pollen allergens following artificial exposure to gaseous air pollutants (O(3), NO(2), SO(2)). Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 143:127-34. [PMID: 17259730 DOI: 10.1159/000099079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is frequently proposed as a potential cause of the increased incidence of allergy in industrialised countries. Our objective was to investigate the impact of the major gaseous air pollutants on grass pollen allergens. METHODS Timothy grass pollen was exposed to ozone (O(3)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and sulphur dioxide (SO(2)) alone or in combination. Allergen contents were analysed by 2-dimensional immunoblot using grass pollen-sensitive patient sera. RESULTS For O(3)-treated pollen, immunoblotting showed an acidification of allergens Phl p 1b, Phl p 4, Phl p 5 and Phl p 6 and an IgE recognition decrease in Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 6 and Phl p 13. NO(2) exposure induced a decrease in Phl p 2, Phl p 5b and Phl p 6 recognition, and SO(2) treatment induced a decrease in Phl p 2, Phl p 6 and Phl p 13 recognition. Moreover, samples treated with a mix of NO(2)/O(3) or NO(2)/SO(2) showed a higher decrease in allergen content, compared with samples treated with only one pollutant. The O(3) acidification was also observed with the NO(2)/O(3) mix. CONCLUSION Exposure of pollen to gaseous pollutants induced a decrease in allergen detection in pollen extracts. This decrease could be due to a mechanical loss of allergens from the altered pollen grains and/or post-translational modifications affecting allergen recognition by IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rogerieux
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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OTANI H, MORIMOTO T, KAWAHARA T. Oral Ingestion of Phosphorylated Dextrin Stimulates Antibody Responses in Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2007; 53:354-7. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.53.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang J, Green K, McGibbon G, McCarry B. Analysis of effect of casein phosphopeptides on zinc binding using mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:1546-54. [PMID: 17415803 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is one of the key events in signal transduction and zinc plays an important catalytic and/or structural role in many biological systems. The binding of Zn to a phosphopeptide will alter the physiological functions of a peptide. The binding of casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) to Zn has been analyzed using nanospray mass spectrometry. Electrospray ionization (ESI) spectra of peptides produced by tryptic digestion of alpha-casein incubated with Zn show both free and Zn-bound phosphopeptides. The interaction of CPPs and the corresponding dephosphorylated peptides with zinc is compared. This study demonstrates that the phosphorylation state of a peptide dramatically affects Zn binding, with the decrease in Zn-bound forms of peptide paralleling the decrease in phosphorylation as casein is chemically dephosphorylated, although, in some cases, a small amount of residual Zn-binding capacity remains in the completely dephosphorylated peptide. The observed fragmentation patterns of the Zn-bound CPPs support the thesis that nonphosphorylated residues are involved in the metal binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Wang
- McMaster Regional Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ont. L8S 4M1, Canada.
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Bhushan D, Pandey A, Chattopadhyay A, Choudhary MK, Chakraborty S, Datta A, Chakraborty N. Extracellular Matrix Proteome of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Illustrates Pathway Abundance, Novel Protein Functions and Evolutionary Perspect. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:1711-20. [PMID: 16823979 DOI: 10.1021/pr060116f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) or cell wall is a dynamic system and serves as the first line mediator in cell signaling to perceive and transmit extra- and intercellular signals in many pathways. Although ECM is a conserved compartment ubiquitously present throughout evolution, a compositional variation does exist among different organisms. ECM proteins account for 10% of the ECM mass, however, comprise several hundreds of different molecules with diverse functions. To understand the function of ECM proteins, we have developed the cell wall proteome of a crop legume, chickpea (Cicer arietinum). This comprehensive overview of the proteome would provide a basis for future comparative proteomic efforts for this important crop. Proteomic analyses revealed new ECM proteins of unknown functions vis-à-vis the presence of many known cell wall proteins. In addition, we report here evidence for the presence of unexpected proteins with known biochemical activities, which have never been associated with ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Bhushan
- National Centre for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
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Monaci L, Tregoat V, van Hengel AJ, Anklam E. Milk allergens, their characteristics and their detection in food: A review. Eur Food Res Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-005-0178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Pizzano R, Nicolai MA, Manzo C, Giannattasio M, Addeo F. Human IgE binding to the glycosidic moiety of bovine kappa-casein. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:7971-5. [PMID: 16190658 DOI: 10.1021/jf050104z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
IgE ability for recognizing milk proteins was assayed in the serum of an adult atopic patient who outgrew cow milk allergy in early childhood. A number of protein species included in casein from bovine milk were detected by human IgE in immunoblotting experiments. Comparing these results with those obtained from an analysis using antibody preparations specifically directed toward the different casein fractions, IgE-reactive bands were identified as isoforms of kappa-casein. IgE-reactive protein was not present in neither bovine cheese, regardless of cheese-making technology and time ripening, nor milk from any other dairy animal, such as ewe, goat, and water buffalo. Chemical deglycosylation of protein bands immobilized onto nitrocellulose proved that the glycosidic moiety of bovine kappa-casein was principally involved in IgE recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Pizzano
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, via Roma 52 A-C, I-83100 Avellino, Italy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide updated data on the characteristics (eg, structure, function, stability) of the main milk proteins identified as allergens and on the characterization of their epitopes. DATA SOURCES Basic literature and the most relevant original recent publications on clinical and epidemiologic aspects of milk allergy and the biochemistry and immunochemistry of milk proteins. STUDY SELECTION The expert opinion of the author was used to select the relevant data for the review. RESULTS Most milk proteins, even proteins present at low concentrations, are potential allergens. Epitopes on milk proteins are both conformational and linear epitopes, widely spread throughout the protein molecules. They may be short fragments, located in hydrophobic parts of the molecule, that comprise highly conserved sequences responsible for IgE cross-reactivity with corresponding milk proteins of other mammals, including humans. Those sequential epitopes have also been proposed as good markers of persistent allergy to milk proteins and may be of particular clinical significance. CONCLUSIONS No specific structure or function is associated with allergenicity of milk proteins. Due to the great variability and heterogeneity of the human IgE response, no single allergen or particular structure can account for a major part of milk allergenicity. Furthermore, the available evidence is not sufficient to establish an intake threshold below which allergic reactions are not triggered or to predict reliably the effect of food processing on allergenic potential of milk proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Wal
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunologie, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Gobbetti M, Minervini F, Rizzello CG. Angiotensin I-converting-enzyme-inhibitory and antimicrobial bioactive peptides. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2004.00139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic products, nutrition and allergies [NDA] on a request from the Commission relating to the evaluation of allergenic foods for labelling purposes. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Many bioactivities of milk are latent in that they are inactive within the protein sequence, requiring enzymatic proteolysis for release of bioactive peptides from milk proteins precursors. Bioactivities of peptides encrypted in major milk proteins are latent until released and activated, e.g. during gastrointestinal digestion or food processing. Bioactive peptides can be produced in vivo following intake of milk proteins, and the proteolytic system of bacterial species used in the production of fermented milk products and cheese can contribute to the liberation of bioactive peptides or precursors thereof. Activated peptides are potential modulators of various regulatory processes in the living system: immunomodulatory peptides stimulate the activities of cells of the immune system and several cytomodulatory peptides inhibit cancer cell growth, antimicrobial peptides kill sensitive microorganisms, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides exert an hypotensive effect, opioid peptides are opioid receptor ligands which can modulate absorption processes in the intestinal tract, mineral binding peptides may function as carriers for different minerals, especially calcium. Many milk-derived peptides reveal multifunctional properties, i.e. specific peptide sequences having two or more different biological activities have been reported. Milk protein-derived bioactive peptides are claimed to be health enhancing components that can be used to reduce the risk of disease or to enhance a certain physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Meisel
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food - Location Kiel, Institute for Dairy Chemistry and Technology, PO Box 6069, D-24121 Kiel, Germany.
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Ferraretto A, Gravaghi C, Fiorilli A, Tettamanti G. Casein-derived bioactive phosphopeptides: role of phosphorylation and primary structure in promoting calcium uptake by HT-29 tumor cells. FEBS Lett 2003; 551:92-8. [PMID: 12965210 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Casein phosphopeptides beta-CN(1-25)4P and alpha(s1)-CN(59-79)5P, from beta- and alpha(s1)-casein, respectively, both carrying the characteristic 'acidic motif' Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Glu-Glu, were chemically synthesized and administered to HT-29 cells differentiated in culture, which are a used model of intestinal epithelium for absorption studies. Both casein phosphopeptides caused an increase of [Ca(2+)](i) due to influx of extracellular Ca(2+). The response was quantitatively higher with beta-CN(1-25)4P than alpha(s1)-CN(59-79)5P. The synthetic peptide corresponding to the 'acidic motif' was ineffective and the dephosphorylated form of beta-CN(1-25)4P almost inactive. The lack of the N-terminally located five amino acids, or sequence modifications within the N-terminal segment of beta-CN(1-25)4P, caused a total loss of activity, whereas the lack of the C-terminal segment preserved activity. In conclusion, the influx of calcium into HT-29 cells caused by beta-CN(1-25)4P appears to depend on the phosphorylated 'acidic motif' and the preceding N-terminal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ferraretto
- The Medical Faculty, University of Milan, L.I.T.A., Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this review is to provide updated data on the structure and function of the main cow's milk proteins (CMPs) identified as allergens and on the characterization of their epitopes. DATA SOURCES The review represents a synthesis of basic literature and most relevant original recent publications on both topics of clinical and epidemiologic aspects of milk allergy and of milk protein's bio- and immunochemistry. STUDY SELECTION The expert opinion of the author was used to select the relevant data for the review. RESULTS Most CMPs are potential allergens, even the proteins present at very low concentration. There are both conformational and linear epitopes, widely spread all along the protein molecules. They may be short fragments, located in hydrophobic parts of the molecule which comprise highly conserved sequences responsible for immunoglobulin E cross-reactivity with corresponding milk proteins of other mammals, including human beings. Those sequential epitopes have also been proposed as good markers of persistent allergy to CMPs. CONCLUSIONS No specific structure nor function is associated with allergenicity of CMPs. Variability and heterogeneity of the human immunoglobulin E response preclude anticipating the allergenic potential of any CMP or fragment thereof, as well as justify the need for being careful before using peptides for desensitization or proposing any milk protein hydrolysate in a diet for highly allergenic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Wal
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunologie, INRA-CEA, CEA de Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Farrell HM, Qi PX, Wickham ED, Unruh JJ. Secondary structural studies of bovine caseins: structure and temperature dependence of beta-casein phosphopeptide (1-25) as analyzed by circular dichroism, FTIR spectroscopy, and analytical ultracentrifugation. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2002; 21:307-21. [PMID: 12206505 DOI: 10.1023/a:1019992900455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The defining structural feature of all of the caseins is their common phosphorylation sequence. In milk, these phosphoserine residues combine with inorganic calcium and phosphate to form colloidal complexes. In addition, nutritional benefits have been ascribed to the phosphopeptides from casein. To obtain a molecular basis for the functional, chemical, and biochemical properties of these casein peptides, the secondary structure of the phosphopeptide of bovine beta-casein (1-25) was reexamined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. Both methods predict secondary structures for the peptide which include polyproline II elements as well as beta-extended sheet and turn-like elements. These structural elements were highly stable from 5 degrees to 70 degrees C. Reexamination of previously published 1H NMR data using chemical shift indices suggests structures in accord with the CD and FTIR data. Dephosphorylation showed little or no secondary structural changes, as monitored by CD and FTIR, but the modified peptide demonstrated pronounced self-association. The polymers formed were not highly temperature sensitive, but were pressure sensitive as judged by analytical ultracentrifugation at selected rotor speeds. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated relatively large volume changes for the dephosphorylated peptide, in accord with the pressure dependent aggregation observed in the analytical ultracentrifuge data. In contrast the native peptide in MD remained relatively rigid. The physical properties of the peptide suggest how phosphorylation can alter its biochemical and physiological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Farrell
- Eastern Regional Research Center. Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 , USA.
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Otani H, Watanabe T, Tashiro Y. Effects of bovine beta-casein (1-28) and its chemically synthesized partial fragments on proliferative responses and immunoglobulin production in mouse spleen cell cultures. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:2489-95. [PMID: 11791723 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Effects of bovine beta-casein (1-28) having a phosphoserine-rich region (Glu14-SerP-Leu-SerP-SerP-SerP-Glu-Glu21) and its chemically synthesized partial fragments on proliferation of lymphocytes and immunoglobulin production were investigated in mouse spleen cell cultures. The parent fragment 1-28 and all fragments containing SerP-Leu-SerP and/or SerP-SerP-SerP had a significant mitogenic effect, stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide, phytohemagglutinin, or concanavalin A, and increased immunoglobulin (IgG + IgM + IgA) or IgA levels in the cell cultures. In contrast, dephosphorylated beta-casein (14-21) and SerP-SerP amide had hardly any immunoregulatory activity. On the other hand, SerP-Leu-SerP amide reacted little with antibodies specific to bovine beta-casein (1-28), but beta-casein (14-21), and SerP-SerP-SerP amide obviously reacted with the antibody. These results confirm that the immunoregulatory activity of casein phosphopeptides is attributable to SerP-X-SerP, which may well be available as a non-allergic food ingredient having an adjuvant activity for mucosal IgA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Otani
- Integrated Department of Sciences of Functional Foods, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kamiina-gun, Nagano-ken, Japan.
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