1
|
Costa A, Resentini F, Buratti S, Bonza MC. Plant Ca 2+-ATPases: From biochemistry to signalling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119508. [PMID: 37290725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+)-ATPases are ATP-dependent enzymes that transport Ca2+ ions against their electrochemical gradient playing the fundamental biological function of keeping the free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in the submicromolar range to prevent cytotoxic effects. In plants, type IIB autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases (ACAs) are localised both at the plasma membrane and at the endomembranes including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and tonoplast and their activity is primarily regulated by Ca2+-dependent mechanisms. Instead, type IIA ER-type Ca2+-ATPases (ECAs) are present mainly at the ER and Golgi Apparatus membranes and are active at resting Ca2+. Whereas research in plants has historically focused on the biochemical characterization of these pumps, more recently the attention has been also addressed on the physiological roles played by the different isoforms. This review aims to highlight the main biochemical properties of both type IIB and type IIA Ca2+ pumps and their involvement in the shaping of cellular Ca2+ dynamics induced by different stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesca Resentini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Buratti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Bonza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
García Bossi J, Kumar K, Barberini ML, Domínguez GD, Rondón Guerrero YDC, Marino-Buslje C, Obertello M, Muschietti JP, Estevez JM. The role of P-type IIA and P-type IIB Ca2+-ATPases in plant development and growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1239-1248. [PMID: 31740935 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have evolved mechanisms to adapt to variable and rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions. Calcium (Ca2+) in plant cells is a versatile intracellular second messenger that is essential for stimulating short- and long-term responses to environmental stresses through changes in its concentration in the cytosol ([Ca2+]cyt). Increases in [Ca2+]cyt direct the strength and length of these stimuli. In order to terminate them, the cells must then remove the cytosolic Ca2+ against a concentration gradient, either taking it away from the cell or storing it in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and/or vacuoles. Here, we review current knowledge about the biological roles of plant P-type Ca2+-ATPases as potential actors in the regulation of this cytosolic Ca2+ efflux, with a focus the IIA ER-type Ca2+-ATPases (ECAs) and the IIB autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases (ACAs). While ECAs are analogous proteins to animal sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs), ACAs are equivalent to animal plasma membrane-type ATPases (PMCAs). We examine their expression patterns in cells exhibiting polar growth and consider their appearance during the evolution of the plant lineage. Full details of the functions and coordination of ECAs and ACAs during plant growth and development have not yet been elucidated. Our current understanding of the regulation of fluctuations in Ca2+ gradients in the cytoplasm and organelles during growth is in its infancy, but recent technological advances in Ca2+ imaging are expected to shed light on this subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julián García Bossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, GKVK Post, Bengaluru, India
| | - María Laura Barberini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Díaz Domínguez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Cristina Marino-Buslje
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Obertello
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge P Muschietti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Int. Güiraldes, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sr isotope discrimination of multi species aquaculture productions at a worldwide scale and contribution of the water reservoir in Sr plant input. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03075. [PMID: 31909254 PMCID: PMC6939051 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic plants commonly used in landscaping or as ornaments are subject to a growing worldwide market that is source of trade between countries which can induce the transfer of unwanted invasive alien plant species. To protect national biodiversity and economy, authorities promote the use of local markets without however providing the method to do so. This study deals with the feasibility of using Sr stable isotopes for discriminating the origin of aquatic plants at a worldwide scale. More than 15 aquatic plant species were collected from main producers in four countries (China, Hungary, Germany, France). Each plant was analysed for its 87Sr/86Sr ratio and the results are compared within samples from each producer and between countries. For a given produce, significant 87Sr/86Sr can be measured as a function of the plant species. However, at the scale of Europe, plants from different producers are almost isotopically identical with 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.71228 ± 218.10-5, 0.71116 ± 178.10-5 and 0.71066 ± 156.10-5 for France, Hungary and Germany, respectively. These values are clearly distinguishable from those measured in Chinese aquatic plants, which yield a mean 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70591 ± 168.10-5. This Sr isotopic discrimination between European and Chinese aquatic plants is explained by the specific agricultural and hydrogeological environments of the producing countries. Indeed, the cycle of Sr in aquatic plants is studied here for the first time. Natural and anthropic materials of French origin were collected and characterized in terms of 87Sr/86Sr. Mixing models reveal that irrigation water is the main source of Sr for plants (35-85%). Clays from the substrate (4-38%) and fertilizers (5-19%) can also contribute, in proportions depending on the plant species. This model accounts for the small variations in 87Sr/86Sr ratios of species from the same producer and allows a discrimination between producers using different agricultural practices.
Collapse
|
4
|
Huda KMK, Banu MSA, Tuteja R, Tuteja N. Global calcium transducer P-type Ca²⁺-ATPases open new avenues for agriculture by regulating stress signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:3099-109. [PMID: 23918957 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Food security is in danger under the continuous growing threat of various stresses including climate change and global warming, which ultimately leads to a reduction in crop yields. Calcium plays a very important role in many signal transduction pathways including stress signalling. Different extracellular stimuli trigger increases in cytosolic calcium, which is detrimental to plants. To cope with such stresses, plants need to develop efficient efflux mechanisms to maintain ionic homeostasis. The Ca(2+)-ATPases are members of the P-type ATPase superfamily, which perform many fundamental processes in organisms by actively transporting ions across cellular membranes. In recent years, many studies have revealed that, as well as efflux mechanisms, Ca(2+)-ATPases also play critical roles in sensing calcium fluctuations and relaying downstream signals by activating definitive targets, thus modulating corresponding metabolic pathways. As calcium-activated calmodulin (CaM) is reported to play vital roles in stress tolerance, the presence of a unique CaM-binding site in type IIB Ca(2+)-ATPases indicates their potential role in biotic as well as abiotic stress tolerance. The key roles of Ca(2+)-ATPases in transport systems and stress signalling in cellular homeostasis are addressed in this review. A complete understanding of plant defence mechanisms under stress will allow bioengineering of improved crop plants, which will be crucial for food security currently observed worldwide in the context of global climate changes. Overall, this article covers classification, evolution, structural aspects of Ca(2+)-ATPases, and their emerging roles in plant stress signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Md Kamrul Huda
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mazars C, Brière C, Bourque S, Thuleau P. Nuclear calcium signaling: an emerging topic in plants. Biochimie 2011; 93:2068-74. [PMID: 21683118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The calcium ion is probably one of the most studied second messenger both in plant and animal fields. A large number of reviews have browsed the diversity of cytosolic calcium signatures and evaluated their pleiotropic roles in plant and animal cells. In the recent years, an increasing number of reviews has focused on nuclear calcium, especially on the possible roles of nuclear calcium concentration variations on nuclear activities. Experiments initially performed on animal cells gave conflicting results that brought about a controversy about the ability of the nucleus to generate its own calcium signals and to regulate its calcium level. But in plant cells, several converging scientific pieces of evidence support the hypothesis of nucleus autonomy. The present review briefly summarizes data supporting this hypothesis and tries to put forward some possible roles for these nucleus-generated calcium signals in controlling nuclear activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mazars
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences végétales, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Capoen W, Sun J, Wysham D, Otegui MS, Venkateshwaran M, Hirsch S, Miwa H, Downie JA, Morris RJ, Ané JM, Oldroyd GED. Nuclear membranes control symbiotic calcium signaling of legumes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:14348-53. [PMID: 21825141 PMCID: PMC3161518 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1107912108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear-associated oscillations in calcium act as a secondary messenger in the symbiotic signaling pathway of legumes. These are decoded by a nuclear-localized calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, the activation of which is sufficient to drive downstream responses. This implies that the calcium oscillations within the nucleus are the predominant signals for legume symbiosis. However, the mechanisms that allow targeted release of calcium in the nuclear region have not been defined. Here we show that symbiosis-induced calcium changes occur in both the nucleoplasm and the perinuclear cytoplasm and seem to originate from the nuclear membranes. Reaction diffusion simulations suggest that spike generation within the nucleoplasm is not possible through transmission of a calcium wave from the cytoplasm alone and that calcium is likely to be released across the inner nuclear membrane to allow nuclear calcium changes. In agreement with this, we found that the cation channel DMI1, which is essential for symbiotic calcium oscillations, is preferentially located on the inner nuclear membrane, implying an essential function for the inner nuclear membrane in symbiotic calcium signaling. Furthermore, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) essential for symbiotic calcium oscillations is targeted to the inner nuclear membrane, as well as the outer nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We propose that release of calcium across the inner nuclear membrane allows targeted release of the ER calcium store, and efficient reloading of this calcium store necessitates the capture of calcium from the nucleoplasm and nuclear-associated cytoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ward Capoen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; and Departments of
| | - Jongho Sun
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; and Departments of
| | - Derin Wysham
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; and Departments of
| | | | | | - Sibylle Hirsch
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; and Departments of
| | - Hiroki Miwa
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; and Departments of
| | - J. Allan Downie
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; and Departments of
| | - Richard J. Morris
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; and Departments of
| | | | - Giles E. D. Oldroyd
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; and Departments of
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Graumann K, Evans DE. Nuclear envelope dynamics during plant cell division suggest common mechanisms between kingdoms. Biochem J 2011; 435:661-7. [PMID: 21323637 DOI: 10.1042/bj20101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Behaviour of the NE (nuclear envelope) during open mitosis has been explored extensively in metazoans, but lack of native markers has limited similar investigations in plants. In the present study, carried out using living synchronized tobacco BY-2 suspension cultures, the non-functional NE marker LBR (lamin B receptor)-GFP (green fluorescent protein) and two native, functional NE proteins, AtSUN1 [Arapidopsis thaliana SUN (Sad1/UNC84) 1] and AtSUN2, we provide evidence that the ER (endoplasmic reticulum)-retention theory for NE membranes is applicable in plants. We also observe two apparently unique plant features: location of the NE-membrane components in close proximity to chromatin throughout division, and spatially distinct reformation of the NE commencing at the chromatin surface facing the spindle poles and concluding at the surface facing the cell plate. Mobility of the proteins was investigated in the interphase NE, during NE breakdown and reformation, in the spindle membranes and the cell plate. A role for AtSUN2 in nuclear envelope breakdown is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Graumann
- School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Evans DE, Shvedunova M, Graumann K. The nuclear envelope in the plant cell cycle: structure, function and regulation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 107:1111-8. [PMID: 21239406 PMCID: PMC3091801 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher plants are, like animals, organisms in which successful completion of the cell cycle requires the breakdown and reformation of the nuclear envelope in a highly controlled manner. Interestingly, however, while the structures and processes appear similar, there are remarkable differences in protein composition and function between plants and animals. SCOPE Recent characterization of integral and associated components of the plant nuclear envelope has been instrumental in understanding its functions and behaviour. It is clear that protein interactions at the nuclear envelope are central to many processes in interphase and dividing cells and that the nuclear envelope has a key role in structural and regulatory events. CONCLUSION Dissecting the mechanisms of nuclear envelope breakdown and reformation in plants is necessary before a better understanding of the functions of nuclear envelope components during the cell cycle can be gained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K. Graumann
- School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bonza MC, De Michelis MI. The plant Ca2+ -ATPase repertoire: biochemical features and physiological functions. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2011; 13:421-30. [PMID: 21489092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+)-ATPases are P-type ATPases that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump Ca(2+) from the cytoplasm into intracellular compartments or into the apoplast. Plant cells possess two types of Ca(2+) -pumping ATPase, named ECAs (for ER-type Ca(2+)-ATPase) and ACAs (for auto-inhibited Ca(2+)-ATPase). Each type comprises different isoforms, localised on different membranes. Here, we summarise available knowledge of the biochemical characteristics and the physiological role of plant Ca(2+)-ATPases, greatly improved after gene identification, which allows both biochemical analysis of single isoforms through heterologous expression in yeast and expression profiling and phenotypic analysis of single isoform knock-out mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Bonza
- Dipartimento di Biologia L. Gorini, Università degli Studi di Milano, Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ca2+ Pumps and Ca2+ Antiporters in Plant Development. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14369-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
|
11
|
Mazars C, Thuleau P, Lamotte O, Bourque S. Cross-talk between ROS and calcium in regulation of nuclear activities. MOLECULAR PLANT 2010; 3:706-18. [PMID: 20522524 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssq024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calcium and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are acknowledged as crucial second messengers involved in the response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, it is still not clear how these two compounds can play a role in different signaling pathways leading the plant to a variety of processes such as root development or defense against pathogens. Recently, it has been shown that the concept of calcium and ROS signatures, initially discovered in the cytoplasm, can also be extended to the nucleus of plant cells. In addition, it has been clearly proved that both ROS and calcium signals are intimately interconnected. How this cross-talk can finally modulate the translocation and/or the activity of nuclear proteins leading to the control of specific genes expression is the main focus of this review. We will especially focus on how calcium and ROS interact at the molecular level to modify their targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mazars
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nuclear envelope proteins and their role in nuclear positioning and replication. Biochem Soc Trans 2010; 38:741-6. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0380741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Controlled movement of the nucleus is important in a wide variety of plant cellular events. Positioning involving intact nuclei occurs in cell division, development, tip growing systems such as the root hair and in response to stimuli, including light, touch and infection. Positioning is also essential in the division and replication of nuclear components, ranging from chromosome attachment to the breakdown and reformation of the nuclear envelope. Although description and understanding of the processes involved have advanced rapidly in recent years, significant gaps remain in our knowledge, especially concerning nuclear proteins involved in anchoring and interacting with cytoskeletal and nucleoskeletal elements involved in movement. In the present review, processes involving the movement and positioning of nuclei and nuclear components are described together with novel proteins implicated in nucleoskeletal and cytoskeletal interactions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Recent progress in understanding the plant NE (nuclear envelope) has resulted from significant advances in identifying and characterizing the protein constituents of the membranes and nuclear pores. Here, we review recent findings on the membrane integral and membrane-associated proteins of the key domains of the NE, the pore domain and inner and outer NEs, together with information on protein targeting and NE function.
Collapse
|
14
|
Meier I, Brkljacic J. The Arabidopsis nuclear pore and nuclear envelope. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2010; 8:e0139. [PMID: 22303264 PMCID: PMC3244964 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope is a double membrane structure that separates the eukaryotic cytoplasm from the nucleoplasm. The nuclear pores embedded in the nuclear envelope are the sole gateways for macromolecular trafficking in and out of the nucleus. The nuclear pore complexes assembled at the nuclear pores are large protein conglomerates composed of multiple units of about 30 different nucleoporins. Proteins and RNAs traffic through the nuclear pore complexes, enabled by the interacting activities of nuclear transport receptors, nucleoporins, and elements of the Ran GTPase cycle. In addition to directional and possibly selective protein and RNA nuclear import and export, the nuclear pore gains increasing prominence as a spatial organizer of cellular processes, such as sumoylation and desumoylation. Individual nucleoporins and whole nuclear pore subcomplexes traffic to specific mitotic locations and have mitotic functions, for example at the kinetochores, in spindle assembly, and in conjunction with the checkpoints. Mutants of nucleoporin genes and genes of nuclear transport components lead to a wide array of defects from human diseases to compromised plant defense responses. The nuclear envelope acts as a repository of calcium, and its inner membrane is populated by functionally unique proteins connected to both chromatin and-through the nuclear envelope lumen-the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton. Plant nuclear pore and nuclear envelope research-predominantly focusing on Arabidopsis as a model-is discovering both similarities and surprisingly unique aspects compared to the more mature model systems. This chapter gives an overview of our current knowledge in the field and of exciting areas awaiting further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Meier
- Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology Center, The Ohio State University, 520 Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
- Address correspondence to
| | - Jelena Brkljacic
- Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology Center, The Ohio State University, 520 Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Graumann K, Runions J, Evans DE. Characterization of SUN-domain proteins at the higher plant nuclear envelope. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 61:134-44. [PMID: 19807882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.04038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sad1/UNC-84 (SUN)-domain proteins are inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins that are part of bridging complexes linking cytoskeletal elements with the nucleoskeleton, and have been shown to be conserved in non-plant systems. In this paper, we report the presence of members of this family in the plant kingdom, and investigate the two Arabidopsis SUN-domain proteins, AtSUN1 and AtSUN2. Our results indicate they contain the highly conserved C-terminal SUN domain, and share similar structural features with animal and fungal SUN-domain proteins including a functional coiled-coil domain and nuclear localization signal. Both are expressed in various tissues with AtSUN2 expression levels relatively low but upregulated in proliferating tissues. Further, we found AtSUN1 and AtSUN2 expressed as fluorescent protein fusions, to localize to and show low mobility in the nuclear envelope (NE), particularly in the INM. Deletion of various functional domains including the N terminus and coiled-coil domain affect the localization and increase the mobility of AtSUN1 and AtSUN2. Finally, we present evidence that AtSUN1 and AtSUN2 are present as homomers and heteromers in vivo, and that the coiled-coil domains are required for this. The study provides evidence suggesting the existence of cytoskeletal-nucleoskeletal bridging complexes at the plant NE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Graumann
- School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
In numerous plant signal transduction pathways, Ca2+ is a versatile second messenger which controls the activation of many downstream actions in response to various stimuli. There is strong evidence to indicate that information encoded within these stimulus-induced Ca2+ oscillations can provide signalling specificity. Such Ca2+ signals, or 'Ca2+ signatures', are generated in the cytosol, and in noncytosolic locations including the nucleus and chloroplast, through the coordinated action of Ca2+ influx and efflux pathways. An increased understanding of the functions and regulation of these various Ca2+ transporters has improved our appreciation of the role these transporters play in specifically shaping the Ca2+ signatures. Here we review the evidence which indicates that Ca2+ channel, Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+ exchanger isoforms can indeed modulate specific Ca2+ signatures in response to an individual signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R McAinsh
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK;Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jon K Pittman
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK;Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mazars C, Bourque S, Mithöfer A, Pugin A, Ranjeva R. Calcium homeostasis in plant cell nuclei. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 181:261-274. [PMID: 19130634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, calcium-based signaling pathways are involved in a large array of biological processes, including cell division, polarity, growth, development and adaptation to changing biotic and abiotic environmental conditions. Free calcium changes are known to proceed in a nonstereotypical manner and produce a specific signature, which mirrors the nature, strength and frequency of a stimulus. The temporal aspects of calcium signatures are well documented, but their vectorial aspects also have a profound influence on biological output. Here, we will focus on the regulation of calcium homeostasis in the nucleus. We will discuss data and present hypotheses suggesting that, while interacting with other organelles, the nucleus has the potential to generate and regulate calcium signals on its own.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mazars
- UMR CNRS 5546/Université de Toulouse, Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, BP 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cédex, France;UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cédex, France;Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;GDR CNRS Calcium et Régulation des Gènes, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cédex, France
| | - Stéphane Bourque
- UMR CNRS 5546/Université de Toulouse, Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, BP 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cédex, France;UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cédex, France;Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;GDR CNRS Calcium et Régulation des Gènes, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cédex, France
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- UMR CNRS 5546/Université de Toulouse, Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, BP 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cédex, France;UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cédex, France;Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;GDR CNRS Calcium et Régulation des Gènes, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cédex, France
| | - Alain Pugin
- UMR CNRS 5546/Université de Toulouse, Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, BP 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cédex, France;UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cédex, France;Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;GDR CNRS Calcium et Régulation des Gènes, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cédex, France
| | - Raoul Ranjeva
- UMR CNRS 5546/Université de Toulouse, Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, BP 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cédex, France;UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cédex, France;Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;GDR CNRS Calcium et Régulation des Gènes, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cédex, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
|
20
|
|
21
|
Brière C, Xiong TC, Mazars C, Ranjeva R. Autonomous regulation of free Ca2+ concentrations in isolated plant cell nuclei: a mathematical analysis. Cell Calcium 2006; 39:293-303. [PMID: 16473405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Revised: 11/24/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Experiments performed on nuclei isolated from animal or plant cells have provided evidence that the nucleus generates directly specific nucleoplasmic calcium transients in response to external stimuli. Recent data suggest that isolated plant nuclei might be considered as a closed system where the nuclear concentration of free calcium would be regulated by reversible movements between the nucleoplasm and nuclear stores. We have addressed the relevance of this hypothesis by developing a mathematical approach to simulate nucleoplasmic calcium dynamics generated under various pH and temperature conditions. Here, we show that the experimental results could be explained provided that calcium channels as well as systems transporting calcium are present on the inner nuclear membrane. The putative channels would allow the entry of calcium into the nucleoplasm whereas the elusive transporting system(s) would contribute to replenish the nuclear stores. The simple proposed model is versatile enough to explain and predict autonomous changes in free calcium in the nucleoplasm of isolated plant nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brière
- UMR CNRS-UPS 5546, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
In plant cells, the calcium ion is a ubiquitous intracellular second messenger involved in numerous signalling pathways. Variations in the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) couple a large array of signals and responses. Here we concentrate on calcium signalling in plant defence responses, particularly on the generation of the calcium signal and downstream calcium-dependent events participating in the establishment of defence responses with special reference to calcium-binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Lecourieux
- UMR CNRS 5546 Université Paul Sabatier, Signaux et Messages Cellulaires chez les Végétaux, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, BP 17, Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lecourieux D, Lamotte O, Bourque S, Wendehenne D, Mazars C, Ranjeva R, Pugin A. Proteinaceous and oligosaccharidic elicitors induce different calcium signatures in the nucleus of tobacco cells. Cell Calcium 2005; 38:527-38. [PMID: 16198416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2005.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported elevated cytosolic calcium levels in tobacco cells in response to elicitors [D. Lecourieux, C. Mazars, N. Pauly, R. Ranjeva, A. Pugin, Analysis and effects of cytosolic free calcium elevations in response to elicitors in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cells, Plant Cell 14 (2002) 2627-2641]. These data suggested that in response to elicitors, Ca2+, as a second messenger, was involved in both systemic acquired resistance (RSA) and/or hypersensitive response (HR) depending on calcium signature. Here, we used transformed tobacco cells with apoaequorin expressed in the nucleus to monitor changes in free nuclear calcium concentrations ([Ca2+](nuc)) in response to elicitors. Two types of elicitors are compared: proteins leading to necrosis including four elicitins and harpin, and non-necrotic elicitors including flagellin (flg22) and two oligosaccharidic elicitors, namely the oligogalacturonides (OGs) and the beta-1,3-glucan laminarin. Our data indicate that the proteinaceous elicitors induced a pronounced and sustainable [Ca2+](nuc) elevation, relative to the small effects of oligosaccharidic elicitors. This [Ca2+](nuc) elevation, which seems insufficient to induce cell death, is unlikely to result directly from the diffusion of calcium from the cytosol. The [Ca2+](nuc) rise depends on free cytosolic calcium, IP3, and active oxygen species (AOS) but is independent of nitric oxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Lecourieux
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 rue de Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
In a eukaryotic cell, the nuclear envelope (NE) separates genetic information from the environment of biosynthesis and metabolism. Transfer of macromolecules across the NE involves the nuclear pores--large multisubunit protein complexes--and machinery that facilitates rapid, directional, and selective transport. While core elements of the transport process are conserved between kingdoms, different solutions to similar problems have also evolved. Although the structure and composition of the yeast and mammalian nuclear pore have been unraveled recently, the plant nuclear pore remains largely enigmatic. Like any other process, nucleocytoplasmic transport can be regulated. Several examples from plants are discussed that promise insights into the regulation of signaling pathways. While controlling the partitioning of cellular components, the nuclear envelope also presents an obstacle to viruses and transforming agents that need access to the genome, and different mechanisms have evolved to overcome this obstacle. Finally, the recent recognition of the importance of small RNAs for gene regulation emphasizes the need to understand small RNA nuclear export and the levels of its regulation. This review attempts to wed our molecular-mechanistic understanding of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking drawn from all model systems with the intriguing examples of regulated nucleocytoplasmic partitioning in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Meier
- Plant Biotechnology Center and Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xiong TC, Jauneau A, Ranjeva R, Mazars C. Isolated plant nuclei as mechanical and thermal sensors involved in calcium signalling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 40:12-21. [PMID: 15361137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signals in the nucleus elicit downstream effects that are distinct from those of cytosolic calcium signals. In the present work, we have evaluated the ability of plant nuclei to sense stimuli directly and to convert them into calcium changes. We show that individual mechanical stimulation of isolated nuclei elicits a single calcium transient at acidic pHs, whereas a series of stimulations leads to oscillations whose frequency reflects that of the stimuli. Conversely, at alkaline pHs, nuclei respond to temperature but not to stretch. The stretch- and the temperature-activated processes differ by their sensitivity to pharmacological drugs known to affect ion channel activities in animal cells. Our data demonstrate that isolated nuclei are able to gauge physical parameters of their environment. This might have a profound influence on the functioning of calcium-dependent processes known to control a large array of molecular events in the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tou Cheu Xiong
- UMR CNRS-UPS 5546, Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, BP 17 Auzeville, 27 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Brandizzi F, Irons SL, Evans DE. The plant nuclear envelope: new prospects for a poorly understood structure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2004; 163:227-246. [PMID: 33873618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is one of the least characterized cellular structures in plant cells. In particular, knowledge of its dynamic behaviour during the cell cycle and of its protein composition is limited. This review summarizes current views on the plant NE and highlights fundamental differences with other organisms. We also introduce the power of new technology available to investigate the NE and how this has already begun to revolutionize our knowledge of the biology of the plant NE. Contents Summary 227 I. Introduction 227 II. The membranes of the nuclear envelope 228 III. Functions of the nuclear envelope 231 IV. Proteins associated with the nuclear envelope 236 V. New tools for studying the nuclear envelope 239 VI. Conclusions and future prospects 241 Acknowledgements 242 References 242.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Brandizzi
- Biology Department, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5E2
| | - Sarah L Irons
- Research School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - David E Evans
- Research School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The calcium ion is firmly established as a ubiquitous intracellular second messenger in plants. At their simplest, Ca(2+)-based signaling systems are composed of a receptor, a system for generating the increase in [Ca(2+)]cyt, downstream components that are capable of reacting to the increase in [Ca(2+)]cyt, and other cellular systems responsible for returning [Ca(2+)]cyt to its prestimulus level. Here we review the various mechanisms responsible for generating the stimulus-induced increases in [Ca(2+)]cyt known as Ca(2+) signals. We focus particularly on the mechanisms responsible for generating [Ca(2+)]cyt oscillations and transients and use Nod Factor signaling in legume root hairs and stimulus-response coupling in guard cells to assess the physiological significance of these classes of Ca(2+) signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair M Hetherington
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster Environment Center, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pittman JK, Hirschi KD. Don't shoot the (second) messenger: endomembrane transporters and binding proteins modulate cytosolic Ca2+ levels. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2003; 6:257-262. [PMID: 12753975 DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5266(03)00036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) signal transduction requires the meticulous regulation of cytosolic Ca(2+) levels. Endomembrane Ca(2+) transporters and binding proteins are important components in partitioning these Ca(2+) signals to mediate cellular activity. Recently, many of these proteins have been characterized and mutant analysis suggests that these transporters form a network. Future attempts to manipulate plant Ca(2+) signaling must address all aspects of this complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon K Pittman
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abrenica B, Gilchrist JS. Nucleoplasmic Ca(2+)loading is regulated by mobilization of perinuclear Ca(2+). Cell Calcium 2000; 28:127-36. [PMID: 10970769 DOI: 10.1054/ceca.2000.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of nucleoplasmic calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration may occur by the mobilization of perinuclear luminal Ca(2+)pools involving specific Ca(2+)pumps and channels of both inner and outer perinuclear membranes. To determine the role of perinuclear luminal Ca(2+), we examined freshly cultured 10 day-old embryonic chick ventricular cardiomyocytes. We obtained evidence suggesting the existence of the molecular machinery required for the bi-directional Ca(2+)fluxes using confocal imaging techniques. Embryonic cardiomyocytes were probed with antibodies specific for ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+)channels (RyR2), sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)ATPase (SERCA2)-pumps, and fluorescent BODIPY derivatives of ryanodine and thapsigargin. Using immunocytochemistry techniques, confocal imaging showed the presence of RyR2 Ca(2+)channels and SERCA2-pumps highly localized to regions surrounding the nucleus, referable to the nuclear envelope. Results obtained from Fluo-3, AM loaded ionomycin-perforated embryonic cardiomyocytes demonstrated that gradual increases of extranuclear Ca(2+)from 100 to 1600 nM Ca(2+)was localized to the nucleus. SERCA2-pump inhibitors thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of nuclear Ca(2+)loading. Furthermore, ryanodine demonstrated a biphasic concentration-dependence upon active nuclear Ca(2+)loading. The concomitant addition of thapsigargin or cyclopiazonic acid with ryanodine at inhibitory concentrations caused an significant increase in nuclear Ca(2+)loading at low concentrations of extranuclear added Ca(2+). Our results show that the perinuclear lumen in embryonic chick ventricular cardiomyocytes is capable of autonomously regulating nucleoplasmic Ca(2+)fluxes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Abrenica
- Department of Oral Biology and Physiology, Division of Stroke and Vascular Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bunney TD, Shaw PJ, Watkins PA, Taylor JP, Beven AF, Wells B, Calder GM, Drøbak BK. ATP-dependent regulation of nuclear Ca(2+) levels in plant cells. FEBS Lett 2000; 476:145-9. [PMID: 10913602 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Localised alterations in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels are an integral part of the response of eukaryotic cells to a plethora of external stimuli. Due to the large size of nuclear pores, it has generally been assumed that intranuclear Ca(2+) levels reflect the prevailing cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels. Using nuclei prepared from carrot (Daucus carota L.) cells, we now show that Ca(2+) can be transported across nuclear membranes in an ATP-dependent manner and that over 95% of Ca(2+) is accumulated into a pool releasable by the Ca(2+) ionophore A.23187. ATP-dependent nuclear Ca(2+) uptake did not occur in the presence of ADP or ADPgammaS and was abolished by orthovanadate. Confocal microscopy of nuclei loaded with dextran-linked Indo-1 showed that the initial ATP-induced rise in [Ca(2+)] occurs in the nuclear periphery. The occurrence of ATP-dependent Ca(2+) uptake in plant nuclei suggests that alterations of intranuclear Ca(2+) levels may occur independently of cytoplasmic [Ca(2+)] changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T D Bunney
- Department of Cell Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, NR4 7UH, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Geisler M, Axelsen KB, Harper JF, Palmgren MG. Molecular aspects of higher plant P-type Ca(2+)-ATPases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1465:52-78. [PMID: 10748247 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent genomic data in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana reveal the existence of at least 11 Ca(2+)-ATPase genes, and an analysis of expressed sequence tags suggests that the number of calcium pumps in this organism might be even higher. A phylogenetic analysis shows that 11 Ca(2+)-ATPases clearly form distinct groups, type IIA (or ECA for ER-type Ca(2+)-ATPase) and type IIB (ACA for autoinhibited Ca(2+)-ATPase). While plant IIB calcium pumps characterized so far are localized to internal membranes, their animal homologues are exclusively found in the plasma membrane. However, Arabidopsis type IIB calcium pump isoforms ACA8, ACA9 and ACA10 form a separate outgroup and, based on the high molecular masses of the encoded proteins, are good candidates for plasma membrane bound Ca(2+)-ATPases. All known plant type IIB calcium ATPases seem to employ an N-terminal calmodulin-binding autoinhibitor. Therefore it appears that the activity of type IIB Ca(2+)-ATPases in plants and animals is controlled by N-terminal and C-terminal autoinhibitory domains, respectively. Possible functions of plant calcium pumps are described and - beside second messenger functions directly linked to calcium homeostasis - new data on a putative involvement in secretory and salt stress functions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Geisler
- Department of Plant Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pittman JK, Mills RF, O'Connor CD, Williams LE. Two additional type IIA Ca(2+)-ATPases are expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana: evidence that type IIA sub-groups exist. Gene 1999; 236:137-47. [PMID: 10433975 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High affinity Ca(2+)-ATPases play a central role in calcium homeostasis by catalysing the active efflux of calcium from the cytoplasm. This study reports the identification of two additional type IIA (SERCA-type) Ca(2+)-ATPases from Arabidopsis (AtECA2 and AtECA3), and describes the detailed sequence analysis of these genes in comparison with AtECA1 and other plant and animal Ca(2+)-ATPases. Southern analysis suggests that each of these genes is present as a single copy and also that there may be a small family of moderately related genes that encode type IIA Ca(2+)-ATPases in Arabidopsis. Evidence is also provided from RT-PCR that these genes are expressed in Arabidopsis. Hydropathy analysis predicts that the topology of the Arabidopsis type IIA proteins is similar to the animal SERCA proteins. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses suggest that the type IIA Ca(2+)-ATPases can be further divided into sub-groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Pittman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hong B, Ichida A, Wang Y, Gens JS, Pickard BG, Harper JF. Identification of a calmodulin-regulated Ca2+-ATPase in the endoplasmic reticulum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 119:1165-76. [PMID: 10198075 PMCID: PMC32001 DOI: 10.1104/pp.119.4.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/1998] [Accepted: 12/21/1998] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A unique subfamily of calmodulin-dependent Ca2+-ATPases was recently identified in plants. In contrast to the most closely related pumps in animals, plasma membrane-type Ca2+-ATPases, members of this new subfamily are distinguished by a calmodulin-regulated autoinhibitor located at the N-terminal instead of a C-terminal end. In addition, at least some isoforms appear to reside in non-plasma membrane locations. To begin delineating their functions, we investigated the subcellular localization of isoform ACA2p (Arabidopsis Ca2+-ATPase, isoform 2 protein) in Arabidopsis. Here we provide evidence that ACA2p resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In buoyant density sucrose gradients performed with and without Mg2+, ACA2p cofractionated with an ER membrane marker and a typical "ER-type" Ca2+-ATPase, ACA3p/ECA1p. To visualize its subcellular localization, ACA2p was tagged with a green fluorescence protein at its C terminus (ACA2-GFPp) and expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis. We collected fluorescence images from live root cells using confocal and computational optical-sectioning microscopy. ACA2-GFPp appeared as a fluorescent reticulum, consistent with an ER location. In addition, we observed strong fluorescence around the nuclei of mature epidermal cells, which is consistent with the hypothesis that ACA2p may also function in the nuclear envelope. An ER location makes ACA2p distinct from all other calmodulin-regulated pumps identified in plants or animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, BCC283, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|