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Zarina, Wani AW, Rawat M, Kaur H, Das S, Kaur T, Akram N, Faisal Z, Jan SS, Oyshe NN, Khan MR, Shah YA. Medicinal utilization and nutritional properties of drumstick ( Moringa oleifera)-A comprehensive review. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4546-4568. [PMID: 39055230 PMCID: PMC11266908 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The tropical and subtropical regions of the world support the growth of the Indian plant Moringa oleifera. It usually goes by the name drumstick tree or horseradish tree and thrives in warm climates. The leaves of the M. oleifera tree are now frequently used as nutrients and nutraceuticals due to their availability of various minerals. While having only very minor antinutritional effects, the leaves are abundant in many beneficial compounds. A recent review of the bioactive components and activity of moringa leaves has focused on both in vivo and in vitro studies. Drumstick leaves have antidiabetic qualities, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antibacterial qualities among other health benefits. Phytochemicals, in addition to minerals and vitamins, are abundant in this vegetable. The majority of these effects, according to a review in the literature, are mostly brought on by the presence of carotenoids, glucosinolates, and phytochemicals. As a value-added component in the production of wholesome meals, moringa is becoming more popular. Despite extensive research into locating and quantifying these advantageous elements in drumstick leaves, bioavailability and bioaccessibility studies were carried out. Beneficial photochemicals are absorbed and digested through incredibly intricate processes that involve several physicochemical and physiological interactions. Therefore, the biological impact of food may be attributed to its various metabolites that can access particular areas of action rather than its original substances. This body of literature offers the most recent findings in scientific research on the bioavailability, health advantages, nutritional profiles, and bioactive activities of moringa leaves as they relate to their use in a range of food products. Drumsticks are frequently used as a food element that promotes health because of their potent protection against a variety of ailments and the presence of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina
- Department of Horticulture, School of AgricultureLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia
| | - Ab Waheed Wani
- Department of Horticulture, School of AgricultureLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia
| | - Monisha Rawat
- Department of Horticulture, School of AgricultureLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia
| | - Harjinder Kaur
- Department of Horticulture, School of AgricultureLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia
| | - Sachitanand Das
- Department of Horticulture, School of AgricultureLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia
| | - Taranpreet Kaur
- Department of Horticulture, School of AgricultureLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia
| | - Noor Akram
- Food Safety & Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Zargham Faisal
- Department of Human Nutrition and DieteticsIqra University KarachiKarachiPakistan
| | - Syed Saad Jan
- Centre of Biotechnology and MicrobiologyUniversity of PeshawarPeshawarPakistan
| | - Nabila Nusrat Oyshe
- Department of ChemistryHajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology UniversityDinajpurBangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman Khan
- Department of Food Processing and PreservationHajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology UniversityDinajpurBangladesh
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
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Wang Z, Li S, Li Q, Wang W, Liu M, Yang S, Zhang L, Yang D, Du G, Lu Y. A Novel Cocrystal of Daidzein with Piperazine to Optimize the Solubility, Permeability and Bioavailability of Daidzein. Molecules 2024; 29:1710. [PMID: 38675529 PMCID: PMC11052268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that daidzein has various significant medicinal values and health benefits, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, cholesterol lowering, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and so on. To our disappointment, poor solubility, low permeability and inferior bioavailability seriously limit its clinical application and market development. To optimize the solubility, permeability and bioavailability of daidzein, the cocrystal of daidzein and piperazine was prepared through a scientific and reasonable design, which was thoroughly characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Combining single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis with theoretical calculation, detailed structural information on the cocrystal was clarified and validated. In addition, a series of evaluations on the pharmacogenetic properties of the cocrystal were investigated. The results indicated that the cocrystal of daidzein and piperazine possessed the favorable stability, increased solubility, improved permeability and optimized bioavailability of daidzein. Compared with the parent drug, the formation of cocrystal, respectively, resulted in 3.9-, 3.1-, 4.9- and 60.8-fold enhancement in the solubility in four different media, 4.8-fold elevation in the permeability and 3.2-fold in the bioavailability of daidzein. Targeting the pharmaceutical defects of daidzein, the surprising elevation in the solubility, permeability and bioavailability of daidzein was realized by a clever cocrystal strategy, which not only devoted assistance to the market development and clinical application of daidzein but also paved a new path to address the drug-forming defects of insoluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.W.); (S.L.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shuang Li
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.W.); (S.L.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.W.); (S.L.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.W.); (S.L.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Meiru Liu
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.W.); (S.L.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shiying Yang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.W.); (S.L.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.W.); (S.L.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.W.); (S.L.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.W.); (S.L.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (S.Y.)
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Garbiec E, Rosiak N, Zalewski P, Tajber L, Cielecka-Piontek J. Genistein Co-Amorphous Systems with Amino Acids: An Investigation into Enhanced Solubility and Biological Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2653. [PMID: 38139995 PMCID: PMC10747361 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein, an isoflavone known for its antioxidant and antidiabetic effects, suffers from the drawback of low solubility. To overcome this limitation, co-amorphous systems were synthesized by incorporating amino acids that were chosen through computational methods. The confirmation of the amorphous state of lysine and arginine-containing systems was ascertained by X-ray powder diffraction. Subsequently, the characterization of these systems was extended by employing thermo-gravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The investigation also included an assessment of the physical stability of the samples during storage. The apparent solubility of the systems was studied in an aqueous medium. To evaluate the in vitro permeability through the gastrointestinal tract, the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay was employed. The biological properties of the systems were assessed with regard to their antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity assays, as well as their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase. The systems' glass transition temperatures were determined, and their homogeneity confirmed via differential scanning calorimetry analysis, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis provided data on molecular interactions. Stability was maintained for the entire 6-month storage duration. The co-amorphous system containing lysine displayed the most pronounced apparent solubility improvement, as well as a significant enhancement in antioxidant activity. Notably, both systems demonstrated superior α-glucosidase inhibition relative to acarbose, a standard drug for managing type 2 diabetes. The results indicate that co-amorphous systems with lysine and arginine have the potential to significantly enhance the solubility and biological activity of genistein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Garbiec
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (N.R.); (P.Z.)
| | - Natalia Rosiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (N.R.); (P.Z.)
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (N.R.); (P.Z.)
| | - Lidia Tajber
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (N.R.); (P.Z.)
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Bitter J, Pfeiffer M, Borg AJE, Kuhlmann K, Pavkov-Keller T, Sánchez-Murcia PA, Nidetzky B. Enzymatic β-elimination in natural product O- and C-glycoside deglycosylation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7123. [PMID: 37932298 PMCID: PMC10628242 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological degradation of natural product glycosides involves, alongside hydrolysis, β-elimination for glycosidic bond cleavage. Here, we discover an O-glycoside β-eliminase (OGE) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens that converts the C3-oxidized O-β-D-glucoside of phloretin (a plant-derived flavonoid) into the aglycone and the 2-hydroxy-3-keto-glycal elimination product. While unrelated in sequence, OGE is structurally homologous to, and shows effectively the same Mn2+ active site as, the C-glycoside deglycosylating enzyme (CGE) from a human intestinal bacterium implicated in β-elimination of 3-keto C-β-D-glucosides. We show that CGE catalyzes β-elimination of 3-keto O- and C-β-D-glucosides while OGE is specific for the O-glycoside substrate. Substrate comparisons and mutagenesis for CGE uncover positioning of aglycone for protonic assistance by the enzyme as critically important for C-glycoside cleavage. Collectively, our study suggests convergent evolution of active site for β-elimination of 3-keto O-β-D-glucosides. C-Glycoside cleavage is a specialized feature of this active site which is elicited by substrate through finely tuned enzyme-aglycone interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bitter
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pfeiffer
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Annika J E Borg
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Kirill Kuhlmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/III, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/III, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Pedro A Sánchez-Murcia
- Laboratory of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingstalstraße 6/III, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
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Kashyap P, Kumar S, Riar CS, Jindal N, Baniwal P, Guiné RPF, Correia PMR, Mehra R, Kumar H. Recent Advances in Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) Leaves Bioactive Compounds: Composition, Health Benefits, Bioaccessibility, and Dietary Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020402. [PMID: 35204283 PMCID: PMC8869219 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the availability of many nutrients, Moringa oleifera tree leaves have been widely employed as nutrients and nutraceuticals in recent years. The leaves contain a small amount of anti-nutritional factors and are abundant in innumerable bioactive compounds. Recently, in several in vivo and in vitro investigations, moringa leaves’ bioactive components and functionality are highlighted. Moringa leaves provide several health advantages, including anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The high content of phytochemicals, carotenoids, and glucosinolates is responsible for the majority of these activities as reported in the literature. Furthermore, there is growing interest in using moringa as a value-added ingredient in the development of functional foods. Despite substantial study into identifying and measuring these beneficial components from moringa leaves, bioaccessibility and bioavailability studies are lacking. This review emphasizes recent scientific evidence on the dietary and bioactive profiles of moringa leaves, bioavailability, health benefits, and applications in various food products. This study highlights new scientific data on the moringa leaves containing nutrient and bioactive profiles, bioavailability, health benefits, and uses in various food items. Moringa has been extensively used as a health-promoting food additive because of its potent protection against various diseases and the widespread presence of environmental toxins. More research is needed for utilization as well as to study medicinal effects and bioaccesibility of these leaves for development of various drugs and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Kashyap
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal 148106, India; (P.K.); (C.S.R.); (N.J.)
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144401, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Food Science & Technology (Hotel Management), Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.P.F.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Charanjit Singh Riar
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal 148106, India; (P.K.); (C.S.R.); (N.J.)
| | - Navdeep Jindal
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal 148106, India; (P.K.); (C.S.R.); (N.J.)
| | | | - Raquel P. F. Guiné
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.P.F.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Paula M. R. Correia
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Rahul Mehra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India;
| | - Harish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.P.F.G.); (H.K.)
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Production of Bovine Equol-Enriched Milk: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030735. [PMID: 33800327 PMCID: PMC7999515 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Milk and dairy products contain many substances beneficial to human health; moreover, the contents of some of these substances can be enhanced. This is also the case of isoflavones which are compounds of plant origin that can be ingested and metabolized by cattle and, subsequently, secreted into bovine milk. An especially healthful substance called equol is ranked among isoflavone metabolites, commonly produced in the digestive tract of cattle. Equol content in milk can be modified by using feedstuffs with different contents of isoflavones or by milk processing and storage. Abstract Milk and dairy products are important sources of nutrients in the human diet because they contain a number of essential substances and other biologically active components. Many of these substances can be modified, and thus offer opportunities to use milk and dairy products as functional food. Isoflavones are particularly important in human nutrition due to their diverse pharmacological and antioxidant properties. The clinical effectiveness of isoflavone-rich products is believed to be dependent on their ability to metabolize daidzein to equol, which may directly exert cancer preventive effects. However, only approximately 30–40% of humans are able to produce equol, while animals, in general, produce equol. Equol is the predominant product of bacterial metabolism of isoflavones and can be found in various amounts in some food of animal origin, especially in milk. Therefore, milk and dairy products can be considered to be sources of equol for humans who are not able to produce this metabolite. When the content of isoflavones in milk is to be modified, two groups of factors should be considered, i.e., dietary factors that include the source of isoflavones and the processing effects on feedstuffs and animal factors that include the intake of isoflavones, ruminal and postruminal changes, and the health and physiological status of animals. The approximate content of isoflavones in milk can be predicted using carry-over rates for different dietary sources or using a formula that describes the relationship between equol concentration in milk and formononetin intake. Processing and storage can affect the content and profile of isoflavones in milk and dairy products.
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Angelotti JAF, Dias FFG, Sato HH, Fernandes P, Nakajima VM, Macedo J. Improvement of Aglycone Content in Soy Isoflavones Extract by Free and Immobilized Β-Glucosidase and their Effects in Lipid Accumulation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:734-750. [PMID: 32535816 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most important commodities in the world, being applied in feed crops and food, pharmaceutical industries in different ways. Soy is rich in isoflavones that in aglycone forms have exhibited significant anti-obesity and anti-lipogenic effects. Obesity is a global problem as several diseases have been related to this worldwide epidemic. The aim of this work was to verify the effect of free and immobilized β-glucosidase, testing Lentikats, and sol-gel as carriers. Moreover, we wanted to examine if the different types of hydrolysis would generate extracts with distinct biological activity concerning lipid accumulation, PPAR-α regulation, and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations using in vitro assays. Our results show that all formulations of β-glucosidase could hydrolyze soy isoflavones. Thus, after 24 h of incubation, daidzein content increased 2.6-, 10.8-, and 12.2-fold; and genistein content increased 11.7, 11.4, and 11.4 times with the use of free enzyme, Lentikats®, and sol-gel immobilized enzyme, respectively. Moreover, both methodologies for enzyme immobilization led to promising forms of biocatalysts for application in the production of soy extracts rich in isoflavones aglycones, which are expected to bring about health benefits. A mild lipogenic effect was observed for some concentrations of extracts, as well as a slight inhibition in PPAR-α expression, although no significant differences were noticeable in the cytokines TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 as compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelise A F Angelotti
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, R. Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda F G Dias
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, 2212 Robert Mondavi Institute-South, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hélia H Sato
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- DREAMS e Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vânia M Nakajima
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University-UFVF, rua Mários Santos Braga 30, CEP, Niterói, RJ, 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Juliana Macedo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, CP 6121, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
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Koudoufio M, Desjardins Y, Feldman F, Spahis S, Delvin E, Levy E. Insight into Polyphenol and Gut Microbiota Crosstalk: Are Their Metabolites the Key to Understand Protective Effects against Metabolic Disorders? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E982. [PMID: 33066106 PMCID: PMC7601951 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors, especially diet and nutrition, are currently regarded as essential avenues to decrease modern-day cardiometabolic disorders (CMD), including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Many groups around the world attribute these trends, at least partially, to bioactive plant polyphenols given their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. In fact, polyphenols can prevent or reverse the progression of disease processes through many distinct mechanisms. In particular, the crosstalk between polyphenols and gut microbiota, recently unveiled thanks to DNA-based tools and next generation sequencing, unravelled the central regulatory role of dietary polyphenols and their intestinal micro-ecology metabolites on the host energy metabolism and related illnesses. The objectives of this review are to: (1) provide an understanding of classification, structure, and bioavailability of dietary polyphenols; (2) underline their metabolism by gut microbiota; (3) highlight their prebiotic effects on microflora; (4) discuss the multifaceted roles of their metabolites in CMD while shedding light on the mechanisms of action; and (5) underscore their ability to initiate host epigenetic regulation. In sum, the review clearly documents whether dietary polyphenols and micro-ecology favorably interact to promote multiple physiological functions on human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Koudoufio
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Francis Feldman
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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Van Noten N, Van Liefferinge E, Degroote J, De Smet S, Desmet T, Michiels J. Fate of Thymol and Its Monoglucosides in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Piglets. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5241-5248. [PMID: 32201813 PMCID: PMC7081444 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The monoterpene thymol has been proposed as a valuable alternative to in-feed antibiotics in animal production. However, the effectiveness of the antimicrobial is comprised by its fast absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In this work, two glucoconjugates, thymol α-d-glucopyranoside (TαG) and thymol β-d-glucopyranoside (TβG), were compared with free thymol for their potential to deliver higher concentrations of the active compound to the distal small intestine of supplemented piglets. Additionally, an analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of thymol and its glucoconjugates in different matrices. In stomach contents of pigs fed with 3333 μmol kg-1 thymol, TαG, or TβG, total thymol concentrations amounted to 3048, 2357, and 1820 μmol kg-1 dry matter, respectively. In glucoconjugate-fed pigs, over 30% of this concentration was present in the unconjugated form, suggesting partial hydrolysis in the stomach. No quantifiable levels of thymol or glucoconjugates were detected in the small intestine or cecum for any treatment, indicating that conjugation with one glucose unit did not sufficiently protect thymol from early absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Van Noten
- Department
of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elout Van Liefferinge
- Department
of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Degroote
- Department
of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Department
of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Department
of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Michiels
- Department
of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- . Phone: +32 9/264.90.00
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10
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Cady N, Peterson SR, Freedman SN, Mangalam AK. Beyond Metabolism: The Complex Interplay Between Dietary Phytoestrogens, Gut Bacteria, and Cells of Nervous and Immune Systems. Front Neurol 2020; 11:150. [PMID: 32231636 PMCID: PMC7083015 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body has a large, diverse community of microorganisms which not only coexist with us, but also perform many important physiological functions, including metabolism of dietary compounds that we are unable to process ourselves. Furthermore, these bacterial derived/induced metabolites have the potential to interact and influence not only the local gut environment, but the periphery via interaction with and modulation of cells of the immune and nervous system. This relationship is being further appreciated every day as the gut microbiome is researched as a potential target for immunomodulation. A common feature among inflammatory diseases including relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the presence of gut microbiota dysbiosis when compared to healthy controls. However, the specifics of these microbiota-neuro-immune system interactions remain unclear. Among all factors, diet has emerged as a strongest factor regulating structure and function of gut microbial community. Phytoestrogens are one class of dietary compounds emerging as potentially being of interest in this interaction as numerous studies have identified depletion of phytoestrogen-metabolizing bacteria such as Adlercreutzia, Parabacteroides and Prevotella in RRMS patients. Additionally, phytoestrogens or their metabolites have been reported to show protective effects when compounds are administered in the animal model of MS, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this review, we will illustrate the link between MS and phytoestrogen metabolizing bacteria, characterize the importance of gut bacteria and their mechanisms of action in the production of phytoestrogen metabolites, and discuss what is known about the interactions of specific compounds with cells immune and nervous system. A better understanding of gut bacteria-mediated phytoestrogen metabolism and mechanisms through which these metabolites facilitate their biological actions will help in development of novel therapeutic options for MS as well as other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cady
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | | | - Ashutosh K. Mangalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Molecular Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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11
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Piao YZ, Eun JB. Physicochemical characteristics and isoflavones content during manufacture of short-time fermented soybean product ( cheonggukjang). Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:2190-2197. [PMID: 32431345 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes in physicochemical properties, isoflavone composition, antioxidant activities, and microbial count of cheonggukjang during the manufacturing process were investigated. During fermentation, isoflavone glucosides are converted to isoflavone aglycones. After fermentation, the increased isoflavone aglycone content was determined. The total phenolic and total flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant activities, significantly increased in cheonggukjang at fermentation process. In proximate composition, fermented soybeans had the highest crude protein content. A gradual increase in the browning index and pH values was observed from the primary processing procedure to fermentation. The total bacterial count increased with each manufacturing step, except for the steamed step. The traditional processing methods for cheonggukjang from raw soybean induced several changes in chemical composition. In addition, the change of isoflavone glucosides to isoflavone aglycones during fermentation could enhance their bioavailability and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Zi Piao
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
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12
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Van Noten N, Degroote J, Van Liefferinge E, Taminiau B, De Smet S, Desmet T, Michiels J. Effects of Thymol and Thymol α-D-Glucopyranoside on Intestinal Function and Microbiota of Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E329. [PMID: 32092931 PMCID: PMC7070699 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated gluco-conjugation as a measure to delay thymol absorption and enhance its antimicrobial activity in the gut of weaned piglets. The three dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet without additives (TCON), supplemented with thymol at 3.7 mmol/kg dry matter (TTHY), or with an equimolar amount of thymol α-D-glucopyranoside (TTαG). Each dietary treatment was replicated in 6 pens with 2 piglets per pen (n = 12 for analytical parameters) and was supplemented for 14 days. The total (free plus gluco-conjugated) thymol concentrations in the stomach contents were 14% lower in TTαG as compared to TTHY piglets. Neither of the additives could be detected further down the gut. E.coli counts in the proximal small intestine were significantly lower in TTHY than in TTαG pigs (3.35 vs. 4.29 log10 CFU/g); however, other bacterial counts and their metabolites were unaffected by treatment. A metagenomic bacterial analysis revealed a great relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in the distal small intestine (range 88.4%-99.9%), irrespective of treatment. The intestinal barrier function was improved by TTHY, but not TTαG, compared to TCON. In conclusion, gluco-conjugation did not result in higher thymol concentrations in the gut, but conversely, it seemed to diminish the biological effects of thymol in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Van Noten
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.V.N.); (J.D.); (E.V.L.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Jeroen Degroote
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.V.N.); (J.D.); (E.V.L.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Elout Van Liefferinge
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.V.N.); (J.D.); (E.V.L.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.V.N.); (J.D.); (E.V.L.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Tom Desmet
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Joris Michiels
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.V.N.); (J.D.); (E.V.L.); (S.D.S.)
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13
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Kim DH, Yang WT, Cho KM, Lee JH. Comparative analysis of isoflavone aglycones using microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis from soybean organs at different growth times and screening for their digestive enzyme inhibition and antioxidant properties. Food Chem 2020; 305:125462. [PMID: 31618694 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to demonstrate the changes in isoflavone-aglycones, total phenolics, and biological properties (digestive enzyme inhibition; antioxidant) from six organs including leaves, leafstalks, roots, stems, seeds, and pods at different growth times of soybean plant. Three isoflavone-aglycones in microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis extracts were elucidated using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS and their contents exhibited remarkable differences in leaves (245.93-2239.33 μg/g), roots (854.96-4425.34 μg/g), and seeds (ND-2339.62 μg/g). Specifically, the collected samples on 15-Oct (leaves: 2239.33; seeds: 2339.62 μg/g) and 31-Aug (roots: 4425.34 μg/g) showed the highest isoflavone-aglycones, and daidzein was observed the most abundant component, comprising approximately 70%. Moreover, the inhibitions against α-glucosidase and α-amylase displayed the predominant effects in roots (89;91%) and leaves (81;85%) of samples on 31-Aug and 15-Oct at 300 μg/ml. The antioxidant activities on ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals increased considerably with the increases of growth times in leaves and seeds, especially, ABTS showed the highest scavenging abilities: leaves (15-Oct;83%) > roots (31-Aug;75%) > seeds (15-Oct;68%). Therefore, our results suggest that soybean leaves, roots and seeds may be considered as excellent natural sources for nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Tae Yang
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 34111, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Zhao CC, Kim PH, Eun JB. Influence of high-intensity ultrasound application on the physicochemical properties, isoflavone composition, and antioxidant activity of tofu whey. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The intake of flavanones, the predominant flavonoid in the Citrus genus in human diets is variable but considerable. It is thus unsurprising that they have attracted interest for their claimed positive effects on health. However, to substantiate any purported impact on health and decipher the underlying mechanism(s), knowledge of pharmacokinetics is crucial. The aim of this article is to review currently known aspects of the fate of flavanones in the organism including absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion as well as possible kinetic interactions with clinically used drugs. There are three principal keynotes: (1) The level of parent flavanones in plasma is negligible. The major reason for this is that although flavanones are absorbed into enterocytes after oral intake, they are rapidly metabolized, in particular, into conjugates, sulfates and glucuronides, which are the major forms circulating in plasma. (2) A large fraction reaches the colon where it is efficiently metabolized into small absorbable phenolics. (3) The form (aglycone vs. glycoside) and species (e.g. human vs. rat) have important impact. In conclusion, knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of flavanones, in particular of metabolites, their achievable plasma concentration and half-lives, should be borne in mind when their biological effects are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Najmanová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vopršalová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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16
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Kim JS, Lee H, Nirmala FS, Jung CH, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Ahn J. Dry-Fermented Soybean Food (Cheonggukjang) Ameliorates Senile Osteoporosis in the Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 6 Model. J Med Food 2019; 22:1047-1057. [PMID: 31566516 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Senile osteoporosis increases the risk of skeletal fractures with age. Cheonggukjang (CGJ), a traditional Korean dry fermented soybean product, has numerous therapeutic effects; however, its effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in senile osteoporosis are unclear. In this study, we treated the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) model of senile osteoporosis with CGJ to determine its potential for ameliorating and preventing osteoporosis progression. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis for isoflavone profiles revealed that short-term fermentation significantly increased the isoflavone aglycone content in soybeans. Thereafter, we fed 6-week-old SAMP6 mice with experimental diets containing 5% or 10% CGJ for 15 weeks. Microcomputed tomography revealed that CGJ supplementation effectively increased the BMD and relative bone length. In vitro, CGJ increased the osteopontin reactivity and upregulated the expression of Alp, Col1a1, Fak, Bmp2/4, Smad1/5/8, and Runx2 in osteoblasts, and decreased Cathepsin K reactivity and downregulated Rankl and Nfatc1 expression in osteoclasts. In addition, CGJ increased the osteoprotegerin/Rankl ratio. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CGJ can ameliorate the detrimental effects of senile osteoporosis by improving osteogenesis and decreasing osteoclast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Kim
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Farida Sukma Nirmala
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
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17
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT. Emerging Signal Regulating Potential of Genistein Against Alzheimer's Disease: A Promising Molecule of Interest. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:197. [PMID: 31620438 PMCID: PMC6763641 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible brain disorder characterized by pathological aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein; both of these are toxic to neurons. Currently, natural products are regarded as an alternative approach to discover novel multipotent drugs against AD. Dietary soy isoflavone genistein is one of the examples of such agents that occurs naturally and is known to exert a number of beneficial health effects. It has been observed that genistein has the capacity to improve the impairments triggered by Aβ and also it possesses the antioxidant potential to scavenge the AD-mediated generation of free radicals. Furthermore, genistein can interact directly with the targeted signaling proteins and also can stabilize their activity to combat AD. In order to advance the development of AD treatment, a better comprehension of the direct interactions of target proteins and genistein might prove beneficial. Therefore, this article focuses on the therapeutic effects and molecular targets of genistein, which has been found to target directly the Aβ and tau to control the intracellular signaling pathways responsible for neurons death in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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18
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Huang G, Xu J, Guo TL. Isoflavone daidzein regulates immune responses in the B6C3F1 and non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 71:277-284. [PMID: 30927738 PMCID: PMC6529284 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Daidzein (DAZ), a dominant isoflavone in various natural products such as soybeans, has been gaining attention due to the beneficial health effects (e.g., protection against cancer and diabetes) of its metabolites. Our major hypothesis was that dietary exposure to the soy phytoestrogen DAZ could modulate the immune responses toward a protective effect and lead to improved metabolic functions (such as glucose metabolism). In this study, we applied complementary mouse models, the hybrid B6C3F1 and inbred type 1 diabetes prone non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, to investigate if DAZ exposure modulated the immune responses. The animals were orally administered DAZ at various physiological doses (2-20 mg/kg body weight) during adulthood. DAZ significantly altered the relative organ weights in female B6C3F1 mice and decreased the B cell population (represented by CD3-IgM+), while the T cell populations (represented by CD3+IgM-, CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+) were increased. In addition, DAZ dosing produced a decrease in the percentage of late apoptotic thymocytes. However, the activities cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells were not altered in the B6C3F1 mice. In NOD mice, the blood glucose level and glucose tolerance were not affected by DAZ exposure, but DAZ modulated the antibody production, as shown by increased levels of IgG2b in NOD females and IgG1 in NOD males. Further, DAZ increased CD8+CD25+ splenocytes in NOD females. Taken together, DAZ induced an immunomodulatory effect in both NOD and B6C3F1 mouse strains; however, minimal effects on glucose homeostasis were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America.
| | - Joella Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America.
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America.
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19
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A Biotransformation Process for Production of Genistein from Sophoricoside by a Strain of Rhizopus oryza. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6564. [PMID: 31024087 PMCID: PMC6484079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is known to have multiple biological activities and has great potential for use as a preventative medicine and in disease treatment. Genistein can be extracted from plants, but also can be obtained from its glycoside form, sophoricoside, which is more abundant in some plants. Biotransformation by unpurified microbial enzymes has the advantage of low cost and is a preferred method for production of natural compounds. This study isolated a strain of Rhizopus oryzae that could produce β-glucosidase, which efficiently hydrolyzes sophoricoside into genistein, from an enrichment culture of the dried fruits of Sophora japonica. After the composition of enzyme-producing medium and biotransformation conditions were optimized, a genistein yield of 85.6% was obtained after 24 h in a shake-flask biotransformation at pH 7.0 using an initial substrate concentration of 1 g/L. The developed process provides an alternative method for production of genistein, and would be suitable for scale-up production in the pharmaceutical industry.
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20
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Li S, Li J, Sun Y, Huang Y, He J, Zhu Z. Transport of Flavanolic Monomers and Procyanidin Dimer A2 across Human Adenocarcinoma Stomach Cells (MKN-28). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3354-3362. [PMID: 30848127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been proven that A-type procyanidins, containing an additional ether bond, compared to B-type procyanidins are also bioavailable in vitro and in vivo. However, their bioavailability and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract remain uncertain. In this study, a model of the human adenocarcinoma stomach cell line (MKN-28) was established to explore the cellular transport of flavanolic monomers and procyanidin dimer A2, which were isolated from the litchi pericarp extract. After the integrity and permeability of the cell monolayer were ensured by measurement of the transepithelial electrical resistance and the apparent permeability coefficient for Lucifer yellow, the transportation of procyanidins A2 and B2, (-)-epicatechin (EC), and (+)-catechin (CC) was studied at pH 3.0, 5.0, or 7.0 in the apical side, with compound concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/mL based on the cytotoxicity test. High-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses indicated that EC, CC, and A2 were transported in the MKN-28 cell line from 30 to 180 min, while B2 showed no transport. The maximal transport efficiencies of EC, CC, and A2 were 23 ± 0.81, 13.16 ± 1.53, and 16.41 ± 1.36%, respectively, existing at 120, 180, and 120 min of transportation. Laser scanning confocal microscopy analysis presented the dynamic transmission of EC, in accordance with the result of concentration determination, suggesting that the A-type procyanidins are possibly absorbed through the stomach barrier, which is pH- and time-dependent.
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21
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Venko K, Novič M. An In Silico Approach for Assessment of the Membrane Transporter Activities of Phenols: A Case Study Based on Computational Models of Transport Activity for the Transporter Bilitranslocase. Molecules 2019; 24:E837. [PMID: 30818768 PMCID: PMC6429229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenols are the most abundant naturally accessible antioxidants present in a human normal diet. Since numerous beneficial applications of phenols as preventive agents in various diseases were revealed, the evaluation of phenols bioavailability is of high interest of researchers, consumers and drug manufacturers. The hydrophilic nature of phenols makes a cell membrane penetration difficult, which imply an alternative way of uptake via membrane transporters. However, the structural and functional data of membrane transporters are limited, thus the in silico modelling is really challenging and urgent tool in elucidation of transporter ligands. Focus of this research was a particular transporter bilitranslocase (BTL). BTL has a broad tissue expression (vascular endothelium, absorptive and excretory epithelia) and can transport wide variety of poly-aromatic compounds. With available BTL data (pKi [mmol/L] for 120 organic compounds) a robust and reliable QSAR models for BTL transport activity were developed and extrapolated on 300 phenolic compounds. For all compounds the transporter profiles were assessed and results show that dietary phenols and some drug candidates are likely to interact with BTL. Moreover, synopsis of predictions from BTL models and hits/predictions of 20 transporters from Metrabase and Chembench platforms were revealed. With such joint transporter analyses a new insights for elucidation of BTL functional role were acquired. Regarding limitation of models for virtual profiling of transporter interactions the computational approach reported in this study could be applied for further development of reliable in silico models for any transporter, if in vitro experimental data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Venko
- Laboratory for Cheminformatics, Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marjana Novič
- Laboratory for Cheminformatics, Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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22
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Wang D, Khan MS, Cui L, Song X, Zhu H, Ma T, Li X, Sun R. A novel method for the highly efficient biotransformation of genistein from genistin using a high-speed counter-current chromatography bioreactor. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4892-4899. [PMID: 35514623 PMCID: PMC9060664 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10629k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein, an important soybean isoflavone compound, has gained attention for its significant properties. Compared with the glycone form of genistin, low content of genistein limits the use in food and pharmaceutical fields. In this study, a novel bioreactor with high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was built for the highly efficient biotransformation of genistein from genistin. The solvent system for the bioreactor was selected according to the K D values. The selected solvent system was evaluated by the enzyme activity of β-glucosidase. An ethyl acetate/buffer solution was selected as the preferred solvent system for the HSCCC bioreactor. Optimum reactor parameters were selected according to the retention of the stationary phase. The HSCCC bioreactor was operated using different flow rates, and 2.0 mL min-1 was chosen as the optimal flow rate with a conversion rate of over 90% within 24 h; the novel bioreactor easily immobilized and recycled the enzyme and could be applied in the preparation of genistein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinfomatics, International Islamic University Islamabad 44000 Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Xiangyun Song
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250014 P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan China
| | - Rong Sun
- Institute of Advanced Medical Science, Shandong University Jinan 250012 P. R. China
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250033 P. R. China
- The Post of Taishan Scholar in Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology and Toxicology Jinan 250033 P. R. China
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Lee JH, Hwang CE, Son KS, Cho KM. Comparisons of nutritional constituents in soybeans during solid state fermentation times and screening for their glucosidase enzymes and antioxidant properties. Food Chem 2019; 272:362-371. [PMID: 30309556 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This research was the first to demonstrate the variations of nutritional constituents, glucosidase properties and antioxidant activities in soybeans during different solid state fermentation times (germination → 5 periods for 12 days) with Tricholoma matsutake. Total isoflavones were significantly reduced (2661.54 → 1559.04 μg/g) with the increase of aglycone contents (107.61 → 1285.66 μg/g, 12 times) for fermentation, whereas amino acid and fatty acid slightly increased. Among them, daidzein (43.2 → 43.6 → 421.9 → 721.4 → 634.0 μg/g), genistein (52.7 → 24.4 → 339.5 → 546.6 → 512.8 μg/g) and glutamic acid (0.3 → 1.7 → 3.9 → 6.6 → 16.1 mg/g) markedly increased between germinated and fermented soybeans. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant abilities also considerably increased, especially, ABTS displayed the predominant scavenging capacities (33.1 → 94.8%) at 200 μg/ml, followed by DPPH (11.9 → 87.0%) and hydroxyl (11.2 → 49.2%) radicals. Interestingly, α-glucosidase inhibition (11.8 → 84.9%) and β-glucosidase (3.1 → 40.3 unit/g) exhibited the highest activities after 9 days. Our results implied that fermented soybeans may be contributed to enhance the soybean value in nutrition and biological effect aspects to development of new functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hwan Lee
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of Environment, Daejeon 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Eun Hwang
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 34111, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Son
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 34111, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 34111, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Lin M, Zhang J, Chen X. Bioactive flavonoids in Moringa oleifera and their health-promoting properties. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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25
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Rubbens J, Mols R, Brouwers J, Augustijns P. Exploring gastric drug absorption in fasted and fed state rats. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:636-641. [PMID: 29981414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine is generally considered the major site of absorption after oral drug administration. Absorption from the stomach is often disregarded, though passive diffusion across the gastric mucosal barrier is theoretically possible. In this study, an in situ gastric bolus administration model was used to study the gastric absorption of pharmaceutical compounds in fasted and fed state rats. Three drugs [paracetamol (neutral), diclofenac (acidic) and posaconazole (basic)] were administered directly into the stomach as solution (paracetamol and diclofenac) or suspension (posaconazole). Transfer to the intestine was blocked by ligating the pylorus; as a reference, non-ligated conditions were used. Blood samples were collected and gastric absorption was assessed by the appearance of compounds in the systemic circulation. Paracetamol and diclofenac were readily absorbed from the fasted and fed state rat stomach. For paracetamol, the relative contribution of gastric absorption was higher in the fed state compared to the fasted state. Posaconazole absorption was negligible. Since the ability of the stomach to absorb pharmaceutical compounds was clearly confirmed, the present study warrants further research to quantify the contribution of gastric absorption to total gastrointestinal drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Rubbens
- KU Leuven, Drug Delivery & Disposition, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raf Mols
- KU Leuven, Drug Delivery & Disposition, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joachim Brouwers
- KU Leuven, Drug Delivery & Disposition, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- KU Leuven, Drug Delivery & Disposition, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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26
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Lee JH, Kim B, Hwang CE, Haque MA, Kim SC, Lee CS, Kang SS, Cho KM, Lee DH. Changes in conjugated linoleic acid and isoflavone contents from fermented soymilks using Lactobacillus plantarum P1201 and screening for their digestive enzyme inhibition and antioxidant properties. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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27
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Luo LY, Fan MX, Zhao HY, Li MX, Wu X, Gao WY. Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of the Isoflavones Formononetin and Ononin and Their in Vitro Absorption in Ussing Chamber and Caco-2 Cell Models. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2917-2924. [PMID: 29504397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Formononetin and its glycoside ononin are bioactive isoflavones widely present in legumes. The present study investigated the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and in vitro absorption of formononetin and ononin. After an oral administration to rats, formononetin showed a higher systemic exposure over ononin. The oral bioavailability of formononetin and ononin were 21.8% and 7.3%, respectively. Ononin was more bioavailable than perceived, and its bioavailability reached 21.7% when its metabolite formononetin was taken into account. Both formononetin and ononin exhibited better absorption in large intestine segments than that in small intestine segments. Formononetin displayed a better permeability in all intestinal segments over ononin. Transport of formononetin across Caco-2 cell monolayer was mainly through passive diffusion, while ononin was actively pumped out by MRP2 but not P-gp. The results provide evidence for better understanding of the pharmacological actions of formononetin and ononin, which advocates more in vivo evaluations or human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yu Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
| | - Miao-Xuan Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine , Beijing Institute of Drug Control , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Ming-Xing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , Sichuan , China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , Sichuan , China
| | - Wen-Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
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Lee JH, Hwang CE, Cho EJ, Song YH, Kim SC, Cho KM. Improvement of nutritional components and in vitro antioxidative properties of soy-powder yogurts using Lactobacillus plantarum. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:1054-1065. [PMID: 29976398 PMCID: PMC9303022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was the first to demonstrate changes in nutritional compositions (isoflavone and CLA) from the 50% methanol extracts of soy-powder milk (SPM) and soy-powder yogurt (SPY) through fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum S48 and P1201 strains. The radical scavenging activities and protective effects against oxidative stress in LLC-PK1 cells were also investigated. The average physicochemical characteristics including acidity and viable cell number as well as β-glucosidase activity increased with 0.2 → 0.7%, 7.5 → 9.8 log cfu/mL, and 0.0 3 → 1.75 U/g in SPYs. Total average isoflavones were considerably reduced (3180.3 → 2018.3 μg/g) with the increase of aglycone contents (191.8 → 770.2 μg/g), especially, daidzein exhibited the most remarkable increase rate (98.6 → 460.9 μg/g; > 4.8 times) during fermentation. The CLA and total phenolics also increased with significant differences (ND → 1.6 mg/g; 2.4 → 3.6 mg/GAE/g) between SPM and SPY. Interestingly, the cis-9, trans-11 CLA showed approximately 90% in total content. Moreover, the scavenging capacities against three radicals markedly increased with about 30% in SPYs, as the following order: ABTS > hydroxyl > DPPH. The protective effects on oxidative stress (py-rogallol: O2-, SNP: NO, and SIN-1: ONOO−) were also observed high cell viabilities (>10%) under LLC-PK1 cellular system. Our results suggest that SPY may be utilized as a potent source regarding natural antioxidants and beneficial components for health food and medical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hwan Lee
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of Environment, Daejeon 34111, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Eun Hwang
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hun Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Cheol Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Lee D, Kim MJ, Ahn J, Lee SH, Lee H, Kim JH, Park S, Jang Y, Ha T, Jung CH. Nutrikinetics of Isoflavone Metabolites After Fermented Soybean Product (Cheonggukjang) Ingestion in Ovariectomized Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61:1700322. [PMID: 28981201 PMCID: PMC6139428 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Cheonggukjang (CGJ) is a soybean-based quick-fermented food popular in Korea that contains a variety of biologically active compounds including isoflavones and saponins. Isoflavone bioavailability may be important for the bone health of postmenopausal women; therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of fermentation on the isoflavone metabolite nutrikinetic profile after single dose CGJ or unfermented soybean administration in ovariectomized (OVX) and sham mice. METHODS AND RESULTS We identify 34 isoflavone metabolites using UPLC-QTOF-MS and analyze their nutrikinetics at different time points (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h) to understand their fermentation- and OVX-mediated time-dependent concentration changes. Nutrikinetics analysis shows that genistein, daidzein, genistein 4'-sulfate, dihydrodaidzein sulfate, equol 4'-sulfate, and equol-7-glucuronide are present at high concentrations in all groups based on area-under-the-curve analysis. OVX mice appear to show lower isoflavone bioavailability than mice in the sham group. CGJ enhances various isoflavone metabolite bioavailability including genistein, 3-hydroxygenistein, and equol 7-glucuronide, compared to the unfermented soybean-treated group. Among these metabolites, intact isoflavones, 3-hydroxygenistein, genistein 4'-sulfate, and equol 7-glucuronide promote osteoblastogenesis and inhibit osteoclast formation. CONCLUSIONS CGJ has good isoflavone bioavailability and may be beneficial for the bone health of postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da‐Hye Lee
- Research Group of Metabolic MechanismKorea Food Research InstituteSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Department of Food BiotechnologyKorea University of Science and TechnologySeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic MechanismKorea Food Research InstituteSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Metabolic MechanismKorea Food Research InstituteSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Department of Food BiotechnologyKorea University of Science and TechnologySeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- Research Group of Metabolic MechanismKorea Food Research InstituteSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Research Group of Metabolic MechanismKorea Food Research InstituteSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic MechanismKorea Food Research InstituteSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - So‐Hyun Park
- Research Group of Metabolic MechanismKorea Food Research InstituteSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Department of Food BiotechnologyKorea University of Science and TechnologySeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Young‐Jin Jang
- Research Group of Metabolic MechanismKorea Food Research InstituteSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Youl Ha
- Research Group of Metabolic MechanismKorea Food Research InstituteSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Department of Food BiotechnologyKorea University of Science and TechnologySeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Group of Metabolic MechanismKorea Food Research InstituteSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Department of Food BiotechnologyKorea University of Science and TechnologySeongnamRepublic of Korea
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30
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Seo WD, Kang JE, Choi SW, Lee KS, Lee MJ, Park KD, Lee JH. Comparison of nutritional components (isoflavone, protein, oil, and fatty acid) and antioxidant properties at the growth stage of different parts of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:339-347. [PMID: 30263548 PMCID: PMC6049444 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to investigate antioxidant capacities of isoflavones prepared using microwave-assisted hydrolysis method from different parts (seeds, leaves, leafstalks, pods, stems and roots) of soybean at growth stages. In addition, the fluctuations in the isoflavone, protein, fatty acid, and oil contents in R6-R8 (R6: beginning; R7: beginning maturity; R8: full maturity) seeds were confirmed. The R7 seeds exhibited the most predominant contents of isoflavones (1218.1±7.3 μg/g) in the following order: daidzein (48%)>genistein (35%)>glycitein (17%). The second highest isoflavone content was found in the leaves (1052.1±10.4 μg/g), followed by R8 seeds>roots>R6 seeds>leafstalks> pods; the stems exhibited the lowest isoflavone content (57.2±1.7 μg/g). Interestingly, daidzein showed the highest individual isoflavone content with remarkable variations (57.2-766.8 μg/g), representing 46-100% of the total isoflavone content. R8 exhibited higher protein, fatty acid, and oil contents than R6 or R7. Moreover, the antioxidant capacities against two radicals in different parts of soybean plant showed considerable differences depending upon the isoflavone content. Our results suggested that soybean leaves and seeds might be useful materials for functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55365 Korea
| | - Jae Eun Kang
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of Environment, Daejeon, 34111 Korea
| | - Sik-Won Choi
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55365 Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55365 Korea
| | - Mi-Ja Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55365 Korea
| | - Ki-Do Park
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55365 Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of Environment, Daejeon, 34111 Korea
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31
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Sordon S, Popłoński J, Tronina T, Huszcza E. Microbial Glycosylation of Daidzein, Genistein and Biochanin A: Two New Glucosides of Biochanin A. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010081. [PMID: 28054950 PMCID: PMC6155839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation of daidzein, genistein and biochanin A by three selected filamentous fungi was investigated. As a result of biotransformations, six glycosylation products were obtained. Fungus Beauveria bassiana converted all tested isoflavones to 4″-O-methyl-7-O-glucosyl derivatives, whereas Absidia coerulea and Absidia glauca were able to transform genistein and biochanin A to genistin and sissotrin, respectively. In the culture of Absidia coerulea, in addition to the sissotrin, the product of glucosylation at position 5 was formed. Two of the obtained compounds have not been published so far: 4″-O-methyl-7-O-glucosyl biochanin A and 5-O-glucosyl biochanin A (isosissotrin). Biotransformation products were obtained with 22%–40% isolated yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sordon
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Popłoński
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ewa Huszcza
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
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32
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Szeja W, Grynkiewicz G, Rusin A. Isoflavones, their Glycosides and Glycoconjugates. Synthesis and Biological Activity. CURR ORG CHEM 2016; 21:218-235. [PMID: 28553156 PMCID: PMC5427819 DOI: 10.2174/1385272820666160928120822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of small biologically active molecules, either of natural or synthetic origin, has a profound impact on their solubility, stability, and bioactivity, making glycoconjugates attractive compounds as therapeutic agents or nutraceuticals. A large proportion of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, occur in plants as glycosides, which adds to the molecular diversity that is much valued in medicinal chemistry studies. The subsequent growing market demand for glycosidic natural products has fueled the development of various chemical and biotechnological methods of glycosides preparation. The review gives an extensive overview of the processes of the synthesis of isoflavones and discusses recently developed major routes towards isoflavone-sugar formation processes. Special attention is given to the derivatives of genistein, the main isoflavone recognized as a useful lead in several therapeutic categories, with particular focus on anticancer drug design. The utility of chemical glycosylations as well as glycoconjugates preparation is discussed in some theoretical as well as practical aspects. Since novel approaches to chemical glycosylations and glycoconjugations are abundant and many of them proved suitable for derivatization of polyphenols a new body of evidence has emerged, indicating that sugar moiety can play a much more significant role, when attached to a pharmacophore, then being a mere “solubilizer”. In many cases, it has been demonstrated that semisynthetic glycoconjugates are much more potent cytostatic and cytotoxic agents than reference isoflavones. Moreover, the newly designed glycosides or glycoside mimics can act through different mechanisms than the parent active molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Szeja
- Silesian Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Rusin
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze AK 15, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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33
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Molecular and Therapeutic Targets of Genistein in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7028-7041. [PMID: 27796744 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating brain disorder characterized by an increased level of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide deposition and neuronal cell death leading to an impairment of learning and thinking skills. The Aβ deposition is a key factor in senile plaques of the AD brain which cause the elevation of intracellular calcium ions and the production of formidable free radicals, both of which greatly contribute to the AD-associated cascade, leading to unstoppable neuronal loss in the hippocampal region of the brain. Natural products are currently considered as an alternative strategy for the discovery of novel multipotent drugs against AD. They include the naturally occurring dietary soy isoflavone genistein which has been recognized to possess several health-promoting effects. Genistein has been mainly focused because of its potential on amelioration of Aβ-induced impairment and its antioxidant capacity to scavenge the free radicals produced in AD. It can also directly interact with the targeted signaling proteins and stabilize their activity to prevent AD. An improved understanding of the direct interactions between genistein and target proteins would contribute to the further development of AD treatment. This review mainly focuses on molecular targets and the therapeutic effects regulated by genistein, which has the ability to directly target the Aβ peptide and to control its activity involved in intracellular signaling pathways, which otherwise would lead to neuronal death in the hippocampal region of the AD brain.
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34
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Genistein as antioxidant and antibrowning agents in in vivo and in vitro: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:379-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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35
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Nie Q, Xing M, Hu J, Hu X, Nie S, Xie M. Metabolism and health effects of phyto-estrogens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2432-2454. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1077194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengmeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
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Nagino T, Kano M, Masuoka N, Kaga C, Anbe M, Miyazaki K, Kamachi K, Isozaki M, Suzuki C, Kasuga C, Tanaka A. Intake of a fermented soymilk beverage containing moderate levels of isoflavone aglycones enhances bioavailability of isoflavones in healthy premenopausal Japanese women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, crossover trial. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2015; 35:9-17. [PMID: 26858926 PMCID: PMC4735029 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2015-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the bioavailability of serum isoflavones after the intake of soymilk
fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota containing 32.5% isoflavone aglycones (FSM)
or placebo soymilk containing no isoflavone aglycones (SM). In a double-blind, placebo-controlled,
single-dose, crossover trial, 7 healthy premenopausal Japanese women (mean age: 35.3 ± 11.0) consumed FSM or
SM on day 1 and crossed over to the other soymilk after a 6-day washout period. Serum isoflavones in blood
samples collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr after intake were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with
tandem mass spectrometry. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the serum concentrations of genistein and
total isoflavones were significantly higher, by about 1.4-fold, up to 5 hr after FSM intake compared with SM
intake (each p<0.05), and that of daidzein tended to be higher after FSM intake. In addition, AUC analysis
of total isoflavones for individual subjects revealed that 5 out of 7 subjects had higher AUC values after FSM
intake compared with SM intake and that the 2 remaining subjects had similar AUC values. These 2 subjects had
higher AUC values after SM intake (mean, 2,502 ± 348) than those of the other subjects (mean, 1,158 ± 269).
These results indicate that the bioavailability of isoflavones, especially genistein, is enhanced after the
intake of FSM containing 32.5% isoflavone aglycones compared with intake of SM containing no isoflavone
aglycones and that the enhancement is observed in healthy premenopausal Japanese women whose isoflavone
absorption capacity is low after SM intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nagino
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Kano
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Norie Masuoka
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kaga
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Michitoshi Anbe
- Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 1-1-19 Higashi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8660, Japan
| | - Kouji Miyazaki
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Keiko Kamachi
- Nutrition Clinic of Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-24-3 Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8481, Japan
| | - Mariko Isozaki
- Nutrition Clinic of Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-24-3 Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8481, Japan
| | - Chigusa Suzuki
- Nutrition Clinic of Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-24-3 Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8481, Japan
| | - Chikako Kasuga
- Nutrition Clinic of Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-24-3 Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8481, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Nutrition Clinic of Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-24-3 Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8481, Japan
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Liu W, Wu Z, Wang Y, Li R, Huang D. Isolation of soy whey proteins from isoflavones in the concentrated solution using foam fractionation. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cui K, Guo XD, Tu Y, Zhang NF, Ma T, Diao QY. Effect of dietary supplementation of rutin on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation and metabolism in dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 99:1065-73. [PMID: 26053391 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of long-term dietary supplementation with rutin on the lactation performance, ruminal fermentation and metabolism of dairy cows were investigated in this study. Twenty multiparous Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups, and each was offered a basal diet supplemented with 0, 1.5, 3.0 or 4.5 mg rutin/kg of diet. The milk yield of the cows receiving 3.0 and 4.5 mg rutin/kg was higher than that of the control group, and the milk yield was increased by 10.06% and 3.37% (p < 0.05). On the basis of that finding, the cows supplemented with 0 or 3.0 mg rutin/kg of diet were used to investigate the effect of rutin supplementation on blood metabolites and hormone levels. Compared with the control group, the serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration of the 3.0 mg rutin/kg group is significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In another trial, four adult cows with permanent rumen fistula and duodenal cannulae were attributed in a self-control design to investigate the peak occurrence of rutin and quercetin in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, ruminal fermentation and microbial population in dairy cows. The cows supplemented with 3.0 mg rutin/kg in the diet differed from the control period. Samples of rumen fluid, duodenal fluid and blood were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 h after morning feeding. Compared to the control group, the pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, number and protein content of rumen protozoa and blood urea nitrogen were lower, but the concentration of total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), microbial crude protein (MCP) and serum lysozyme content were higher for the cows fed the rutin diets. The addition of 3.0 mg rutin/kg to diets for a long term tended to increase the milk yield and improve the metabolism and digestibility of the dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cui
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - X D Guo
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Y Tu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - N F Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - T Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Q Y Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, China
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Liu W, Wu ZL, Wang YJ, Li R, Yin NN, Jiang JX. Separation of isoflavone aglycones using chitosan microspheres from soy whey wastewater after foam fractionation and acidic hydrolysis. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Zhai Q, Xiao Y, Tian F, Wang G, Zhao J, Liu X, Chen YQ, Zhang H, Chen W. Protective effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented soymilk against chronic cadmium toxicity in mice. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12865f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria-fermented soymilk protects against chronic cadmium toxicity in mice by increasing cadmium excretion and antioxidative abilities during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
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41
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Kapoor R, Pathak S, Najmi AK, Aeri V, Panda BP. Processing of soy functional food using high pressure homogenization for improved nutritional and therapeutic benefits. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Junior COR, Castro SBR, Pereira AA, Alves CCS, Oliveira EE, Rêgo RT, Ferreira AP, de Almeida MV. Synthesis of genistein coupled with sugar derivatives and their inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in macrophages. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:615-20. [PMID: 25127153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The isoflavone genistein 1 and some derivatives modulate IL-12, TNF-α and NO production by macrophages and lung cancer cell lines, and improve the clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Seven genistein derivatives connected at C-6 position of a sugar, such as d-glucose and d-galactose, were synthesized. The ability to modulate macrophage response was evaluated, showing variable inhibition capacity of NO and TNF-α production in J774.A1 and RAW 264.7. Five of the seven compounds were non-cytotoxic; compound 8 was more effective to inhibit NO and TNF-α production, without affecting cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso O R Junior
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Sandra B R Castro
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriane A Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Caio C S Alves
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Erick E Oliveira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata T Rêgo
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro V de Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Pawlowski J, Martin BR, McCabe G, Ferruzzi MG, Weaver CM. Plum and soy aglycon extracts superior at increasing bone calcium retention in ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6108-17. [PMID: 24894797 PMCID: PMC4082398 DOI: 10.1021/jf403310q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived polyphenols have been shown to influence bone turnover and bone properties in the estrogen-depleted state. We used a crossover design in ovariectomized rats (n = 16 rats for each diet) to investigate the effect of supplementation of two doses each of blueberry, plum, grape, grape seed extract, and resveratrol on bone. We tested the aglycon and glucoside forms of genistein to quantify differences in efficacy on bone calcium retention. Rats were given an intravenous dose of ⁴⁵Ca to prelabel bone, and bone calcium retention was assessed by urinary excretion of ⁴⁵Ca:Ca ratio during an intervention period compared with nonintervention. Genistein aglycon increased bone calcium retention significantly (p<0.05) more than the glucoside (22% vs 13%, respectively). Plum extract (0.45% w/w total dietary polyphenols) and resveratrol (0.2% w/w total dietary polyphenols) were also effective, increasing bone calcium retention by 20% (p=0.0153) and 14% (p=0.0012), respectively. Several polyphenolic-rich diets improved bone calcium retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica
W. Pawlowski
- Department
of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Berdine R. Martin
- Department
of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - George
P. McCabe
- Department
of Statistics, College of Science, Purdue
University, 250 North
University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Department
of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Connie M. Weaver
- Department
of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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44
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Liu Y, Zhou Y, Nirasawa S, Tatsumi E, Cheng Y, Li L. In vivo anti-fatigue activity of sufu with fortification of isoflavones. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:367-73. [PMID: 25210327 PMCID: PMC4159933 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.137380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sufu is a traditional Chinese fermented soybean food. Isoflavones are abundant in soybean and products incorporated with isoflavones exert many health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-fatigue effect of sufu fortified with isoflavones. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo anti-fatigue activity of sufu with fortification of isoflavones (IF) was investigated in this study via exhaustive swimming test using ICR mice and determination of biochemical parameters. Factors relating to fatigue, including hepatic glycogen, blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined. The isoflavone composition in the IF sufu was also determined to explore the anti-fatigue activity of isoflavones. RESULTS During fermentation, isoflavone glucosides were converted into aglycones and both sufu with and without fortification of IF prolonged the exhaustive swimming time of ICR mice. Intake of sufu also increased the hepatic glycogen content, while it decreased the levels of both the blood lactic acid (BLA) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) content. A dose-response relationship was observed in both exhaustive swimming and BLA clearance test, with medium dose (1%) fortification of IF revealing the highest activity. CONCLUSION IF sufu could possess high anti-fatigue activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Satoru Nirasawa
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Eizo Tatsumi
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lite Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Kim JK, Kim EH, Park I, Yu BR, Lim JD, Lee YS, Lee JH, Kim SH, Chung IM. Isoflavones profiling of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] germplasms and their correlations with metabolic pathways. Food Chem 2014; 153:258-64. [PMID: 24491728 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The isoflavone diversity (44 varieties) of the soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, from China, Japan, and Korea was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The profiles of 12 isoflavones identified from the grains were subjected to data-mining processes, including partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), Pearson's correlation analysis, and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Although PLS-DA did not reveal significant differences among extracts of soybean from 3 countries, the results clearly show that the variation between varieties was low. The CS02554 variety was separate from the others in the first 2 principal components of PLS-DA. HCA of these phytochemicals resulted in clusters derived from closely related biochemical pathways. Daidzin, genistin, and glycitin contents were significantly correlated with their respective malonyl glycoside contents. Daidzein content correlated positively with genistein content (r=0.8189, P<0.0001). The CS02554 variety appears to be a good candidate for future breeding programs, as it contains high levels of isoflavone compounds. These results demonstrate the use of metabolite profiling combined with chemometrics as a tool for assessing the quality of food and identifying metabolic links in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea; Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Inmyoung Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ra Yu
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Dae Lim
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-907, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sang Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Ma Y, Zhou M, Huang H. Changes of heat-treated soymilks in bioactive compounds and their antioxidant activities under in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
While many epidemiological studies have associated the consumption of polyphenols within fruits and vegetables with a decreased risk of developing several chronic diseases, intervention studies have generally not confirmed these beneficial effects. The reasons for this discrepancy are not fully understood but include potential differences in dosing, interaction with the food matrix, and differences in polyphenol bioavailability. In addition to endogenous factors such as microbiota and digestive enzymes, the food matrix can also considerably affect bioaccessibility, uptake, and further metabolism of polyphenols. While dietary fiber (such as hemicellulose), divalent minerals, and viscous and protein-rich meals are likely to cause detrimental effects on polyphenol bioaccessibility, digestible carbohydrates, dietary lipids (especially for hydrophobic polyphenols, e.g., curcumin), and additional antioxidants may enhance polyphenol availability. Following epithelial uptake, polyphenols such as flavonoids may reduce phase II metabolism and excretion, enhancing polyphenol bioavailability. Furthermore, polyphenols may act synergistically due to their influence on efflux transporters such as p-glycoprotein. In order to understand polyphenol bioactivity, increased knowledge of the factors affecting polyphenol bioavailability, including dietary factors, is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Environment and Agro-biotechnologies Department, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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48
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Aryl glycosidases from Lactobacillus plantarum increase antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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49
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Islam MA, Punt A, Spenkelink B, Murk AJ, Rolaf van Leeuwen FX, Rietjens IMCM. Conversion of major soy isoflavone glucosides and aglycones in in vitro intestinal models. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:503-15. [PMID: 24668774 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study compares conversion of three major soy isoflavone glucosides and their aglycones in a series of in vitro intestinal models. METHODS AND RESULTS In an in vitro human digestion model isoflavone glucosides were not deconjugated, whereas studies in a Caco-2 transwell model confirmed that deconjugation is essential to facilitate transport across the intestinal barrier. Deconjugation was shown upon incubation of the isoflavone glucosides with rat as well as human intestinal S9. In incubations with rat intestinal S9 lactase phlorizin hydrolase, glucocerebrosidase, and cytosolic broad-specific β-glucosidase all contribute significantly to deconjugation, whereas in incubations with human intestinal S9 deconjugation appeared to occur mainly through the activity of broad-specific β-glucosidase. Species differences in glucuronidation and sulfation were limited and generally within an order of magnitude with 7-O-glucuronides being the major metabolites for all three isoflavone aglycones and the glucuronidation during first pass metabolism being more efficient in rats than in humans. Comparison of the catalytic efficiencies reveals that deconjugation is less efficient than conjugation confirming that aglycones are unlikely to enter the systemic circulation. CONCLUSION Altogether, the data point at possible differences in the characteristics for intestinal conversion of the major soy isoflavones between rat and human, especially with respect to their deconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Islam
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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50
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Fernandes I, Faria A, Calhau C, de Freitas V, Mateus N. Bioavailability of anthocyanins and derivatives. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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