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Heinz JL, Swagemakers SMA, von Hofsten J, Helleberg M, Thomsen MM, De Keukeleere K, de Boer JH, Ilginis T, Verjans GMGM, van Hagen PM, van der Spek PJ, Mogensen TH. Whole exome sequencing of patients with varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus induced acute retinal necrosis reveals rare disease-associated genetic variants. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1253040. [PMID: 38025266 PMCID: PMC10630912 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1253040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are neurotropic human alphaherpesviruses endemic worldwide. Upon primary infection, both viruses establish lifelong latency in neurons and reactivate intermittently to cause a variety of mild to severe diseases. Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a rare, sight-threatening eye disease induced by ocular VZV or HSV infection. The virus and host factors involved in ARN pathogenesis remain incompletely described. We hypothesize an underlying genetic defect in at least part of ARN cases. Methods We collected blood from 17 patients with HSV-or VZV-induced ARN, isolated DNA and performed Whole Exome Sequencing by Illumina followed by analysis in Varseq with criteria of CADD score > 15 and frequency in GnomAD < 0.1% combined with biological filters. Gene modifications relative to healthy control genomes were filtered according to high quality and read-depth, low frequency, high deleteriousness predictions and biological relevance. Results We identified a total of 50 potentially disease-causing genetic variants, including missense, frameshift and splice site variants and on in-frame deletion in 16 of the 17 patients. The vast majority of these genes are involved in innate immunity, followed by adaptive immunity, autophagy, and apoptosis; in several instances variants within a given gene or pathway was identified in several patients. Discussion We propose that the identified variants may contribute to insufficient viral control and increased necrosis ocular disease presentation in the patients and serve as a knowledge base and starting point for the development of improved diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L. Heinz
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sigrid M. A. Swagemakers
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joanna von Hofsten
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Halland Hospital Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Marie Helleberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michelle M. Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kerstin De Keukeleere
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joke H. de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tomas Ilginis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georges M. G. M. Verjans
- HerpeslabNL, Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J. van der Spek
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Trine H. Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Shegay PV, Shatova OP, Zabolotneva AA, Shestopalov AV, Kaprin AD. Moonlight functions of glycolytic enzymes in cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1076138. [PMID: 37449059 PMCID: PMC10337784 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1076138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since an extensive genome research has started, basic principle "one gene-one protein-one function" was significantly revised. Many proteins with more than one function were identified and characterized as "moonlighting" proteins, which activity depend not only on structural peculiarities but also on compartmentation and metabolic environment. It turned out that "housekeeping" glycolytic enzymes show important moonlight functions such as control of development, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, regulation of transcription and cell signaling. Glycolytic enzymes emerged very early in evolution and because of the limited content of genomes, they could be used as ancient regulators for intercellular and intracellular communication. The multifunctionality of the constitutively expressed enzymes began to serve cancer cell survival and growth. In the present review we discuss some moonlight functions of glycolytic enzymes that important for malignant transformation and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr V. Shegay
- Federal State Budget Institution, National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga P. Shatova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Biochemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Zabolotneva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Centre for Endocrinology, Laboratory of Biochemistry of Signaling Pathways, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr V. Shestopalov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Centre for Endocrinology, Laboratory of Biochemistry of Signaling Pathways, Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei D. Kaprin
- Federal State Budget Institution, National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Biochemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Razi S, Haghparast A, Chodari Khameneh S, Ebrahimi Sadrabadi A, Aziziyan F, Bakhtiyari M, Nabi-Afjadi M, Tarhriz V, Jalili A, Zalpoor H. The role of tumor microenvironment on cancer stem cell fate in solid tumors. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:143. [PMID: 37328876 PMCID: PMC10273768 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the role of cancer stem cells in initiating tumors, metastasis, invasion, and resistance to therapies has been recognized as a potential target for tumor therapy. Understanding the mechanisms by which CSCs contribute to cancer progression can help to provide novel therapeutic approaches against solid tumors. In this line, the effects of mechanical forces on CSCs such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cellular plasticity, etc., the metabolism pathways of CSCs, players of the tumor microenvironment, and their influence on the regulating of CSCs can lead to cancer progression. This review focused on some of these mechanisms of CSCs, paving the way for a better understanding of their regulatory mechanisms and developing platforms for targeted therapies. While progress has been made in research, more studies will be required in the future to explore more aspects of how CSCs contribute to cancer progression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Razi
- Vira Pioneers of Modern Science (VIPOMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Amin Ebrahimi Sadrabadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACER, Tehran, Iran
- Cytotech and Bioinformatics Research Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bakhtiyari
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 5163639888, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Arsalan Jalili
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACER, Tehran, Iran.
- Parvaz Research Ideas Supporter Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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4
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Shatova OP, Shegay PV, Zabolotneva AA, Shestopalov AV, Kaprin AD. Evolutionary Acquisition of Multifunctionality by Glycolytic Enzymes. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209302301009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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5
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Li Q, Zhang W. Progress in Anticancer Drug Development Targeting Ubiquitination-Related Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315104. [PMID: 36499442 PMCID: PMC9737479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is extensively involved in critical signaling pathways through monitoring protein stability, subcellular localization, and activity. Dysregulation of this process results in severe diseases including malignant cancers. To develop drugs targeting ubiquitination-related factors is a hotspot in research to realize better therapy of human diseases. Ubiquitination comprises three successive reactions mediated by Ub-activating enzyme E1, Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and Ub ligase E3. As expected, multiple ubiquitination enzymes have been highlighted as targets for anticancer drug development due to their dominant effect on tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In this review, we discuss recent progresses in anticancer drug development targeting enzymatic machinery components.
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The chemokine CCL1 triggers an AMFR-SPRY1 pathway that promotes differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and drives pulmonary fibrosis. Immunity 2021; 54:2042-2056.e8. [PMID: 34407391 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation by the chemokine CCL1 is important in the pathology of inflammatory diseases. Here, we examined the role of CCL1 in pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from PF mouse models contained high amounts of CCL1, as did lung biopsies from PF patients. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed that alveolar macrophages and CD4+ T cells were major producers of CCL1 and targeted deletion of Ccl1 in these cells blunted pathology. Deletion of the CCL1 receptor Ccr8 in fibroblasts limited migration, but not activation, in response to CCL1. Mass spectrometry analyses of CCL1 complexes identified AMFR as a CCL1 receptor, and deletion of Amfr impaired fibroblast activation. Mechanistically, CCL1 binding triggered ubiquitination of the ERK inhibitor Spry1 by AMFR, thus activating Ras-mediated profibrotic protein synthesis. Antibody blockade of CCL1 ameliorated PF pathology, supporting the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway for treating fibroproliferative lung diseases.
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Lin X, Zhang H, Boyce BF, Xing L. Ubiquitination of interleukin-1α is associated with increased pro-inflammatory polarization of murine macrophages deficient in the E3 ligase ITCH. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11764-11775. [PMID: 32587089 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in homeostasis and inflammation. Macrophage polarization to either a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory status is controlled by activating inflammatory signaling pathways. Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification that regulates these inflammatory signaling pathways. However, the influence of protein ubiquitination on macrophage polarization has not been well studied. We hypothesized that the ubiquitination status of key proteins in inflammatory pathways contributes to macrophage polarization, which is regulated by itchy E3 ubiquitin ligase (ITCH), a negative regulator of inflammation. Using ubiquitin proteomics, we found that ubiquitination profiles are different among polarized murine macrophage subsets. Interestingly, interleukin-1α (IL-1α), an important pro-inflammatory mediator, was specifically ubiquitinated in lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory macrophages, which was enhanced in ITCH-deficient macrophages. The ITCH-deficient macrophages had increased levels of the mature form of IL-1α and exhibited pro-inflammatory polarization, and reduced deubiquitination of IL-1α protein. Finally, IL-1α neutralization attenuated pro-inflammatory polarization of the ITCH-deficient macrophages. In conclusion, ubiquitination of IL-1α is associated with increased pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages deficient in the E3 ligase ITCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA .,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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8
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Tanie Y, Kuboyama T, Tohda C. GRP78-Mediated Signaling Contributes to Axonal Growth Resulting in Motor Function Recovery in Spinal Cord-Injured Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:789. [PMID: 32547396 PMCID: PMC7273965 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting axonal growth is essential for repairing damaged neuronal connections and motor function in spinal cord injury (SCI). Neuroleukin (NLK) exerts axonal growth activity in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study reveals that the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a NLK neuronal receptor that contributes to recovery from SCI. Binding and immunoprecipitation assays indicated that NLK binds to GRP78. Pretreatment to cultured neurons with a GRP78-neutralizing antibody suppressed NLK-induced axonal growth. Blocking cell surface GRP78 inhibited neuronal NLK-induced Akt activation. Treatment with an Akt inhibitor suppressed NLK-induced axonal growth. Continuous administration of NLK into the lateral ventricle of SCI mice increased axonal density in the injured region and restored motor function, which was not observed when NLK was simultaneously administered with a GRP78-neutralizing antibody. These results indicate that GRP78 regulates the NLK-induced axonal growth activity; NLK-GRP78 signaling promotes motor function recovery in SCI, presenting as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tanie
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kuboyama
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tohda
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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9
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Li J, Zhang Y, Soubias O, Khago D, Chao FA, Li Y, Shaw K, Byrd RA. Optimization of sortase A ligation for flexible engineering of complex protein systems. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2664-2675. [PMID: 31974162 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering and bioconjugation of proteins is a critically valuable tool that can facilitate a wide range of biophysical and structural studies. The ability to orthogonally tag or label a domain within a multidomain protein may be complicated by undesirable side reactions to noninvolved domains. Furthermore, the advantages of segmental (or domain-specific) isotopic labeling for NMR, or deuteration for neutron scattering or diffraction, can be realized by an efficient ligation procedure. Common methods-expressed protein ligation, protein trans-splicing, and native chemical ligation-each have specific limitations. Here, we evaluated the use of different variants of Staphylococcus aureus sortase A for a range of ligation reactions and demonstrate that conditions can readily be optimized to yield high efficiency (i.e. completeness of ligation), ease of purification, and functionality in detergents. These properties may enable joining of single domains into multidomain proteins, lipidation to mimic posttranslational modifications, and formation of cyclic proteins to aid in the development of nanodisc membrane mimetics. We anticipate that the method for ligating separate domains into a single functional multidomain protein reported here may enable many applications in structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Li
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201
| | - Yue Zhang
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201
| | - Olivier Soubias
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201
| | - Domarin Khago
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201
| | - Fa-An Chao
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201
| | - Yifei Li
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201
| | - Katherine Shaw
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201
| | - R Andrew Byrd
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201.
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10
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Eishi Oskouei A, Rafiee L, Mahzouni P, Gharipour M, Javanmard SH. Association between autocrine motility factor receptor gene polymorphism (rs2440472, rs373191257) and glioblastoma multiform in a representative Iranian population. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 23:96. [PMID: 30595704 PMCID: PMC6282538 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_305_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common and most malignant of the glial tumors that begins primarily in brain tissue. Genetic background could be considered as an important predisposing factor in GBM. Autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR) is a cytokine receptor that participates in a lot of physiologic and pathologic processes like: Cellular motility and metastasis. So, it seems that this protein has an essential role in pathophysiology of several cancers and could be a potential diagnostic and or therapeutic target in GBM. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of AMFR (rs2440472, rs373191257) gene polymorphism and GBM in a representative Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This study includes 81 cases of GBM and 117 control subjects. After DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction - high resolution melting reaction was performed. For each single nucleotide polymorphisms, 12 samples were selected for sequencing. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test and Logistic regression. Results: For rs2440472, frequency of GG genotype in the case group was increased compared to the control group (51.9% vs. 34.2% respectively, P = 0.013). After adjusting for sex and age by logistic regression our results were the same (P = 0.017, odds ratio = 2.056). Allelic frequencies for rs2440472 among cases and controls were not significantly different (P = 0.058). For rs373191257, genotypic and allelic frequencies were not significantly different between two groups. Conclusion: Our results showed the possible association between the AMFR rs2440472 gene polymorphism with susceptibility to GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Eishi Oskouei
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Medical Student Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Mahzouni
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Gharipour
- Division of Genetic Studies, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medicine Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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11
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Tanie Y, Tanabe N, Kuboyama T, Tohda C. Extracellular Neuroleukin Enhances Neuroleukin Secretion From Astrocytes and Promotes Axonal Growth in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1228. [PMID: 30459611 PMCID: PMC6232869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Under pathological conditions in the central nervous system (CNS), including spinal cord injury, astrocytes show detrimental effects against neurons. It is also known that astrocytes sometimes exert beneficial effects, such as neuroprotection and secretion of axonal growth factors. If beneficial effects of astrocytes after injury could be induced, dysfunction of the injured CNS may improve. However, a way of promoting beneficial functions in astrocytes has not been elucidated. In the current study, we focused on neuroleukin (NLK), which is known to have axonal growth activities in neurons. Although NLK is secreted from astrocytes, the function of NLK in astrocytes is poorly understood. We aimed to clarify the mechanism of NLK secretion in astrocytes and the functional significance of secreted NLK from astrocytes. Stimulation of cultured astrocytes with recombinant NLK significantly elevated the secretion of NLK from astrocytes. Furthermore, astrocyte conditioned medium treated with NLK increased axonal density in cultured cortical neurons. Recombinant NLK itself directly increased axonal density in cultured neurons. These results indicated that NLK secreted from astrocytes acted as an axonal growth factor and that secretion was stimulated by extracellular NLK. To elucidate a direct binding molecule of NLK on astrocytes, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) analysis was performed. A 78 kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78) was identified as a receptor for NLK, which was related to the secretion of NLK from astrocytes. When NLK was injected into the lesion site of spinal cord injured mice, axonal density in the injured region was significantly increased and hindlimb motor function improved. These results suggested that NLK-GRP78 signalling was important for the beneficial effects of astrocytes. This study strengthens the potential of astrocytes for use as therapeutic targets in CNS traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tanie
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Norio Tanabe
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kuboyama
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tohda
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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12
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Saeed MEM, Mahmoud N, Sugimoto Y, Efferth T, Abdel-Aziz H. Betulinic Acid Exerts Cytotoxic Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Tumor Cells via Targeting Autocrine Motility Factor Receptor (AMFR). Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:481. [PMID: 29867487 PMCID: PMC5962668 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BetA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the outer bark of white-barked birch trees and many other medicinal plants. Here, we studied betulinic acid's cytotoxic activity against drug-resistant tumor cell lines. P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) and BCRP (ABCG2) are known ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters that mediating MDR. ABCB5 is a close relative to ABCB1, which also mediates MDR. Constitutive activation of the EGF receptor is tightly linked to the development of chemotherapeutic resistance. BetA inhibited P-gp, BCRP, ABCB5 and mutation activated EGFR overexpressing cells with similar efficacy as their drug-sensitive parental counterparts. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of ABCB1, BCRP, ABCB5 and EGFR were not related to the 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50) for BetA in a panel of 60 cell lines of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA. In addition to well-established MDR mechanisms, we attempted to identify other molecular mechanisms that play a role in mediating BetA's cytotoxic activity. For this reason, we performed COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses of the transcriptome-wide microarray-based mRNA expression of the NCI cell lines panel. Various genes significantly correlating to BetA's activity were involved in different biological processes, e.g., cell cycle regulation, microtubule formation, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, cell adhesion, tumor suppression, ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. Immunoblotting and in silico analyses revealed that the inhibition of AMFR activity might be one of the mechanisms for BetA to overcome MDR phenotypes. In conclusion, BetA may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of refractory tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nuha Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heba Abdel-Aziz
- Medical and Clinical Affairs Phytomedicines, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Bayer Consumer Health, Darmstadt, Germany
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13
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Joshi V, Upadhyay A, Chhangani D, Amanullah A, Sharan RN, Mishra A. Gp78 involvement in cellular proliferation: Can act as a promising modulator for cell cycle regulatory proteins? J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6352-6368. [PMID: 29741771 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In cells, protein synthesis and degradation are normal processes, which are tightly regulated by various cellular metabolic pathways. Cellular protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms always present a continuous and rigorous check over all intracellular proteins before they can participate in various cellular physiological processes with the help of PQC pathways like autophagy and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The UPS employs few selective E3 ubiquitin ligases for the intracellular degradation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1 ) that tightly controls cell cycle progression. But, the complex mechanistic interactions and the interplay between E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in the functional regulation as well as expression of p27 are not well known. Here, we demonstrate that cell surface glycoprotein Gp78, a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase, is involved in the stabilization of intracellular steady-state levels of p27. Transient overexpression of Gp78 increases the accumulation of p27 in cells in the form of massive inclusions like structures, which could be due to its cumulative increased stability in cells. We have also monitored how under stress condition, E3 ubiquitin ligase Gp78 regulates endogenous levels of p27 in cells. ER stress treatment generates a marginal increase in Gp78 endogenous levels, and this elevation effect was prominent for intracellular accumulation of p27 in cells. Taken together, our current findings suggest a valuable multifactorial regulatory mechanism and linkage of p27 with UPS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Joshi
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Chhangani
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ayeman Amanullah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh N Sharan
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Joshi V, Upadhyay A, Kumar A, Mishra A. Gp78 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase: Essential Functions and Contributions in Proteostasis. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:259. [PMID: 28890687 PMCID: PMC5575403 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As per the requirement of metabolism and fitness, normal cellular functions are controlled by several proteins, and their interactive molecular and signaling events at multiple levels. Protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms ensure the correct folding and proper utilization of these proteins to avoid their misfolding and aggregation. To maintain the optimum environment of complex proteome PQC system employs various E3 ubiquitin ligases for the selective degradation of aberrant proteins. Glycoprotein 78 (Gp78) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that prevents multifactorial deleterious accumulation of different misfolded proteins via endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). However, the precise role of Gp78 under stress conditions to avoid bulk misfolded aggregation is unclear, which can act as a crucial resource to establish the dynamic nature of the proteome. Present article systematically explains the detailed molecular characterization of Gp78 and also addresses its various cellular physiological functions, which could be crucial to achieving protein homeostasis. Here, we comprehensively represent the current findings of Gp78, which shows its PQC roles in different physiological functions and diseases; and thereby propose novel opportunities to better understand the unsolved questions for therapeutic interventions linked with different protein misfolding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Joshi
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurJodhpur, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurJodhpur, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology IndoreIndore, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurJodhpur, India
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Wang YJ, Bian Y, Luo J, Lu M, Xiong Y, Guo SY, Yin HY, Lin X, Li Q, Chang CCY, Chang TY, Li BL, Song BL. Cholesterol and fatty acids regulate cysteine ubiquitylation of ACAT2 through competitive oxidation. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:808-819. [PMID: 28604676 PMCID: PMC5518634 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin linkage to cysteine is an unconventional modification targeting protein for degradation. However, the physiological regulation of cysteine ubiquitylation is still mysterious. Here we found that ACAT2, a cellular enzyme converting cholesterol and fatty acid to cholesteryl esters, was ubiquitylated on Cys277 for degradation when the lipid level was low. gp78-Insigs catalysed Lys48-linked polyubiquitylation on this Cys277. A high concentration of cholesterol and fatty acid, however, induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that oxidized Cys277, resulting in ACAT2 stabilization and subsequently elevated cholesteryl esters. Furthermore, ACAT2 knockout mice were more susceptible to high-fat diet-associated insulin resistance. By contrast, expression of a constitutively stable form of ACAT2 (C277A) resulted in higher insulin sensitivity. Together, these data indicate that lipid-induced stabilization of ACAT2 ameliorates lipotoxicity from excessive cholesterol and fatty acid. This unconventional cysteine ubiquitylation of ACAT2 constitutes an important mechanism for sensing lipid-overload-induced ROS and fine-tuning lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jian Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Bian
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ming Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Yong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Catherine CY Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Bo-Liang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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SVIP regulates Z variant alpha-1 antitrypsin retro-translocation by inhibiting ubiquitin ligase gp78. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172983. [PMID: 28301499 PMCID: PMC5354272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an inherited disorder characterized by early-onset emphysema and liver disease. The most common disease-causing mutation is a single amino acid substitution (Glu/Lys) at amino acid 342 of the mature protein, resulting in disruption of the 290–342 salt bridge (an electrophoretic abnormality defining the mutation [Z allele, or ZAAT]), protein misfolding, polymerization, and accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes and monocytes. The Z allele causes a toxic gain of function, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase gp78 promotes degradation and increased solubility of endogenous ZAAT. We hypothesized that the accumulation of ZAAT is influenced by modulation of gp78 E3 ligase and SVIP (small VCP-interacting protein) interaction with p97/VCP in ZAAT-expressing hepatocytes. We showed that the SVIP inhibitory effect on ERAD due to overexpression causes the accumulation of ZAAT in a human Z hepatocyte–like cell line (AT01). Overexpression of gp78, as well as SVIP suppression, induces gp78-VCP/p97 interaction in AT01 cells. This interaction leads to retro-translocation of ZAAT and reduction of the SVIP inhibitory role in ERAD. In this context, overexpression of gp78 or SVIP suppression may eliminate the toxic gain of function associated with polymerization of ZAAT, thus providing a potential new therapeutic approach to the treatment of AATD.
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Li Y, Wei Z, Dong B, Lian Z, Xu Y. Silencing of phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor decreases U87 human glioblastoma cell migration. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:998-1004. [PMID: 26936801 PMCID: PMC4790702 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor (PGI/AMF) is secreted by tumors and influences tumor growth and metastasis. In order to investigate the effects of silencing PGI/AMF on the migration and the sphere forming abilities of human glioblastoma U87 cells, as well as on the side population cells (SPCs), PGI/AMF was silenced using siRNA. Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR were used to assess the expression of PGI/AMF, Akt and SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2). Wound healing, migration and tumorsphere formation assays were performed to assess invasion and metastatic potential. The proportion of SPCs was determined using Hoechst 33342 dye and flow cytometric analysis. PGI/AMF silencing inhibited the wound healing capacity and migration ability of U87 cells by 52.6 and 80.4%, respectively, compared with the scrambled siRNA (both P<0.001). Silencing of PGI/AMF decreased the proportion of SPCs in the U87 cells by 80.9% (P<0.01). The silencing of PGI/AMF decreased the number and size of tumorspheres by 53.1 and 39.9%, respectively, compared with the scrambled siRNA (both P<0.01). The silencing of PGI/AMF decreased the levels of phosphorylated Akt (−71.9%, P<0.001) compared with the scrambled siRNA, as well as the levels of the stemness marker, SOX2 (−61.7%, P<0.01). Taken together, these findings suggest that PGI/AMF silencing decreases migration, tumorsphere formation as well as the proportion of SPCs in glioblastoma U87 cells. We suggest that the Akt pathway is involved, and our results provide a potential new target for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhenqing Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Neuroleukin/Autocrine Motility Factor Receptor Pathway Promotes Proliferation of Articular Chondrocytes through Activation of AKT and Smad2/3. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15101. [PMID: 26459914 PMCID: PMC4602231 DOI: 10.1038/srep15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defect is an intractable clinical problem. Therapeutic strategies for cartilage repair are far from optimal due to poor proliferation capacity of chondrocytes. Autologous chondrocyte implantation is a cell based therapy that uses in vitro amplified healthy chondrocytes from the patient. However, chondrocyte dedifferentiation during in vitro culture limits its application. Neuroleukin (NLK) is a multifunctional protein that stimulates cell growth and migration, together with its receptor autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR, also called gp78). We investigated expression of NLK and AMFR/gp78 during cartilage development in vivo and in cultured articular chondrocytes in vitro, and found the pair associates with chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. While applied to isolated articular chondrocytes, NLK promotes cell proliferation and secretion of type II collagen, a marker of proliferating chondrocytes. Further work demonstrates that NLK up regulates pAKT and pSmad2/3, but down regulates pSmad1/5. In animals, NLK treatment also promotes chondrocyte proliferation while inhibits terminal differentiation, leading to expanded proliferating zone but decreased prehypertrophic and hypertrophic zones in the growth plate region. NLK is therefore a candidate factor that can be applied in the treatment of cartilage defects.
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Li Y, Jia Y, Che Q, Zhou Q, Wang K, Wan XP. AMF/PGI-mediated tumorigenesis through MAPK-ERK signaling in endometrial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:26373-87. [PMID: 26308071 PMCID: PMC4694908 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autocrine motility factor (AMF), which is also known as phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), enhances tumor cell growth and motility. In this study, we found that AMF and its receptor were both highly expressed in Endometrial Carcinoma (EC) tissues compared to normal tissues. Levels of AMF were increased in serum of endometrial cancer patients. Downregulation of AMF by shRNA inhibited invasion, migration and proliferation as well as growth in a three-dimensional culture. AMF cytokine function, but not enzymatic activity of PGI, regulated tumorigenic activities of AMF. The MAPK-ERK1/2 pathway contributed to AMF-induced effects in EC cells. In agreement, Mek inhibitor decreased AMF-induced invasion, migration and proliferation of EC cells. In addition, in two mouse tumor metastasis models (EC cells delivered through left ventricle or intraperitoneally) AMF-silenced EC cells showed decreased tumor proliferative and metastatic capacities. We suggest that AMF/PGI is a potential therapeutic target in endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhui Jia
- 2 Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Che
- 2 Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- 2 Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- 2 Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wan
- 3 Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang Y, Ma L, Wang C, Sheng G, Feng L, Yin C. Autocrine motility factor receptor promotes the proliferation of human acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:627-32. [PMID: 26136223 PMCID: PMC4533783 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activation of autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR) has been implicated in several types of human cancer. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of AMFR on the regulation of proliferation in an acute monocytic leukemia cell line, THP‑1. THP‑1 cells were transfected with AMFR‑targeted small interfering (si)RNA and a plasmid encoding a truncated AMFR, AMFR‑C, (pcDNA3.1‑AMFR‑C). The mRNA and protein levels of AMFR and the downstream targets, rho‑associated, coiled‑coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2), cyclin D1, and B‑cell lymphoma (Bcl)‑2, were measured using reverse transcription‑quantitatibe polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses. The effects on cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated using flow cytometry. The present study successfully established the knockdown of AMFR and expression of AMFR‑C in the THP‑1 cells. Downregulation of AMFR induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and increased apoptosis of the THP‑1 cells (all P<0.05). The AMFR siRNA increased the percentage of early apoptotic cells between 3.88±1.43 and 19.58±4.29% (P<0.05). The expression levels of ROCK2, cyclin D1 and Bcl‑2 were reduced by the downregulation of AMFR and enhanced by overexpression of AMFR‑C. In conclusion, AMFR appears to be crucial for the proliferation of the THP‑1 acute monocytic leukemia cell line. Therefore, AMFR may represent a potential target for the treatment of acute monocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Guangyao Sheng
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Chuyun Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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Zong M, Lu T, Fan S, Zhang H, Gong R, Sun L, Fu Z, Fan L. Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:100. [PMID: 25889507 PMCID: PMC4422595 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate the role of glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) in the proliferation of RA-FLS. Methods The distribution of GPI in synovial tissues from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. FLS were isolated and cultured, cellular GPI level was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis, and secreted GPI was detected by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Doxorubicin (Adriamycin, ADR) was used to induce apoptosis. Cell proliferation was determined by MTS assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. Secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Results GPI was abundant in RA-FLS and was an autocrine factor of FLS. The proliferation of both RA and OA FLS was increased after GPI overexpression, but was decreased after GPI knockdown. Meanwhile, exogenous GPI stimulated, while GPI antibody inhibited, FLS proliferation. GPI positively regulated its receptor glycoprotein 78 and promoted G1/S phase transition via extracellular regulated protein kinases activation and Cyclin D1 upregulation. GPI inhibited ADR-induced apoptosis accompanied by decreased Fas and increased Survivin in RA FLS. Furthermore, GPI increased the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β by FLS. Conclusions GPI plays a pathophysiologic role in RA by stimulating the proliferation, inhibiting the apoptosis, and increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of FLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianbao Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shasha Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruhan Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lishan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyan Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lieying Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
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Huang Z, Zhang N, Zha L, Mao HC, Chen X, Xiang JF, Zhang H, Wang ZW. Aberrant expression of the autocrine motility factor receptor correlates with poor prognosis and promotes metastasis in gastric carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:989-97. [PMID: 24568530 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AMFR, autocrine motility factor receptor, also called gp78, is a cell surface cytokine receptor which has a dual role as an E3 ubiquitin ligase in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. AMFR expression is associated with tumor malignancy. We here investigated the clinical significance of AMFR and its role in metastasis and prognosis in gastric cancer. Expression of AMFR, E-cadherin and N-cadherin in cancer tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues from 122 gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing surgical resection was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Levels of these molecules in 17 cases selected randomly were also analysed by Western blotting. AMFR expression was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues, and associated with invasion depth and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed AMFR expression correlated with poor overall survival and an increased risk of recurrence in the GC cases. Cox regression analysis suggested AMFR to be an independent predictor for overall and recurrence-free survival. E-cadherin expression was decreased in gastric cancer tissues; conversely, N-cadherin was increased. Expression of AMFR negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression, whereas N-cadherin expression showed a significant positive correlation with AMFR expression. AMFR might be involved in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, with aberrant expression correlating with a poor prognosis and promoting invasion and metastasis in GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China E-mail :
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A novel polymorphism of the GP78 gene is associated with coronary artery disease in Han population in China. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:147. [PMID: 25200441 PMCID: PMC4175632 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GP78 is a membrane-anchored ubiquitin ligase mediating the degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and Insig-1, which was very essential for the synthesis of cholesterol process. Cholesterol levels have a causal role in the development of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between the human gp78 gene polymorphism and coronary artery disease (CAD) in a Han and Uygur population of China. METHODS We used two independent case-control studies: a Han population (602 CAD patients and 572 control subjects) and a Uygur population (374 CAD patients and 376 control subjects). All CAD patients and controls were genotyped for the same three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs731119, rs2617849 and rs2440472) of gp78 gene by a Real-time PCR instrument. RESULTS In the Han population, for total and men, the distribution of SNP3 (rs2440472) alleles and the dominant model (AA vs AG + GG) and recessive model (GG vs AG + AA) showed a significant difference between CAD and control participants (for allele: P = 0.003 and P = 0.002, respectively; for dominant model: P = 0.041 and P = 0.026, respectively; for recessive model: p = 0.004 and p = 0.004, respectively).The significant difference in both the two models was retained after adjustment for covariates (for dominant model OR:0.760, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.584-0.99, P = 0.042; OR:0.686, 95% CI: 0.498-0.946, P = 0.022, respectively; for recessive model OR: 1.451, 95% CI: 1.067-1.974, P = 0.018; OR: 1.789, 95% CI: 1.219-2.627, P = 0.000). Our data was also assessed via haplotype-based case-control studies. For the Han population, for total, The G-T-G haplotype in CAD was significantly higher than that in the control group (P = 0.02), and the G-C-A haplotype in CAD was significantly lower than that in the control group (P = 0.0443), And for man, the G-T-G haplotype in CAD was significantly higher than that in the control group (P = 0.0048). CONCLUSIONS The GG genotype and G allele of rs2440472 in gp78 gene could be a risk genetic marker of CAD in Han population in China.
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The E3 ubiquitin ligase gp78 protects against ER stress in zebrafish liver. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:357-68. [PMID: 25064675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD) activity by the unfolded protein response (UPR) represents one of the mechanisms for restoring ER homeostasis. In vitro evidence indicates that the mammalian gp78 protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that facilitates ERAD by polyubiquitinating and targeting proteins for proteasomal degradation under both physiologic and stress conditions. However, the in vivo function of gp78 in maintaining ER protein homeostasis remains untested. Here we show that like its mammalian counterpart, the zebrafish gp78 is also an E3 ubiquitin ligase as revealed by in vitro ubiquitination assays. Expression analysis uncovered that gp78 is highly expressed in several organs, including liver and brain, of both larval and adult fish. Treatment of larvae or adult fish with tunicamycin induces ER stress and upregulates the expression of several key components of the gp78 ERAD complex in the liver. Moreover, liver-specific overexpression of the dominant-negative form of gp78 (gp78-R2M) renders liver more sensitive to tunicamycin-induced ER stress and enhances the expression of sterol response element binding protein (Srebp)-target genes, which was largely suppressed in fish overexpressing wild-type gp78. Together, these data indicate that gp78 plays a critical role in protecting against ER stress in liver.
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Bayo J, Fiore E, Aquino JB, Malvicini M, Rizzo M, Peixoto E, Andriani O, Alaniz L, Piccioni F, Bolontrade M, Podhajcer O, Garcia MG, Mazzolini G. Increased migration of human mesenchymal stromal cells by autocrine motility factor (AMF) resulted in enhanced recruitment towards hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95171. [PMID: 24736611 PMCID: PMC3988162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Several reports described the migration of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) towards tumor-released factors. Autocrine motility factor (AMF) is produced by several tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to analyze AMF involvement on MSC migration towards human HCC. Methods Production of AMF by HCC tumors was evaluated by western analysis. The effects of AMF on MSCs from different sources (bone marrow, adipose tissue and perivascular cells from umbilical cord) were analyzed using in vitro migration assay; metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) activity and expression of critical genes were studied by zymography and qRT-PCR, respectively. To assess AMF involvement on the in vivo MSC migration, noninvasive fluorescence imaging was performed. To test the effect of AMF-primed MSCs on tumor development, in vitro proliferation and spheroids growth and in vivo tumor volume were evaluated. Results AMF produced by HCC was found to induce migration of different MSCs in vitro and to enhance their MMP2 activity. Stimulation of MSCs with recombinant AMF (rAMF) also induced the in vitro adhesion to endothelial cells in coincidence with changes in the expression levels of MMP3, AMF receptor, caveolin-1, and -2 and GDI-2. Importantly, stimulation of MSCs with rAMF increased the in vivo migration of MSCs towards experimental HCC tumors. AMF-priming of MSCs did not induce a pro-tumorigenic effect on HCC cells neither in vivo nor in vitro. Conclusion AMF plays a role in MSC recruitment towards HCC. However, its ability to increase MSC migration to HCC for therapeutic purposes merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bayo
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Fiore
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge B. Aquino
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Malvicini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manglio Rizzo
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estanislao Peixoto
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Andriani
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina
| | - Laura Alaniz
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Piccioni
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Bolontrade
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Molecular and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Podhajcer
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Molecular and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana G. Garcia
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Mazzolini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Chiu CG, St-Pierre P, Nabi IR, Wiseman SM. Autocrine motility factor receptor: a clinical review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 8:207-17. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.8.2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Jacobs JL, Zhu J, Sarkar SN, Coyne CB. Regulation of mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) expression and signaling by the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) protein Gp78. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:1604-16. [PMID: 24285545 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.520254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase Gp78 by RNAi high-throughput screening as a gene whose depletion restricted enterovirus infection. In the current study, we show that Gp78, which localizes to the ER-mitochondria interface, is a regulator of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) antiviral signaling. We show that depletion of Gp78 results in a robust decrease of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection and a corresponding enhancement of type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Mechanistically, we show that Gp78 modulates type I IFN induction by altering both the expression and signaling of the mitochondria-localized RLR adaptor mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS). Expression of mutants of Gp78 that abolish its E3 ubiquitin ligase and its participation in ER-associated degradation (ERAD) lost their ability to degrade MAVS, but surprisingly maintained their ability to repress RLR signaling. In contrast, Gp78 lacking its entire C terminus lost both its ability to degrade MAVS and repress RLR signaling. We show that Gp78 interacts with both the N- and C-terminal domains of MAVS via its C-terminal RING domain, and that this interaction is required to abrogate Gp78-mediated attenuation of MAVS signaling. Our data thus implicate two parallel pathways by which Gp78 regulates MAVS signaling; one pathway requires its E3 ubiquitin ligase and ERAD activity to directly degrade MAVS, whereas the other pathway occurs independently of these activities, but requires the Gp78 RING domain and occurs via a direct association between this region and MAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Jacobs
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health
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Han T, Kang D, Ji D, Wang X, Zhan W, Fu M, Xin HB, Wang JB. How does cancer cell metabolism affect tumor migration and invasion? Cell Adh Migr 2013; 7:395-403. [PMID: 24131935 DOI: 10.4161/cam.26345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer-associated death. Accordingly, identification of the regulatory mechanisms that control whether or not tumor cells become "directed walkers" is a crucial issue of cancer research. The deregulation of cell migration during cancer progression determines the capacity of tumor cells to escape from the primary tumors and invade adjacent tissues to finally form metastases. The ability to switch from a predominantly oxidative metabolism to glycolysis and the production of lactate even when oxygen is plentiful is a key characteristic of cancer cells. This metabolic switch, known as the Warburg effect, was first described in 1920s, and affected not only tumor cell growth but also tumor cell migration. In this review, we will focus on the recent studies on how cancer cell metabolism affects tumor cell migration and invasion. Understanding the new aspects on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways controlling tumor cell migration is critical for development of therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Han
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - De Kang
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Daokun Ji
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Weihua Zhan
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Minggui Fu
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jian-Bin Wang
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
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Shih WL, Yu FL, Chang CD, Liao MH, Wu HY, Lin PY. Suppression of AMF/PGI-mediated tumorigenic activities by ursolic acid in cultured hepatoma cells and in a mouse model. Mol Carcinog 2013; 52:800-12. [PMID: 22549898 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that autocrine motility factor/phosphoglucose isomerase (AMF/PGI) possesses tumorigenic activities through the modulation of intracellular signaling. We then investigated the effects of ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), tangeretin, and nobiletin against AMF/PGI-mediated oncogenesis in cultured stable Huh7 and Hep3B cells expressing wild-type or mutated AMF/PGI and in a mouse model in this study. The working concentrations of the tested compounds were lower than their IC10 , which was determined by Brdu incorporation and colony formation assay. Only UA efficiently suppressed the AMF/PGI-induced Huh7 cell migration and MMP-3 secretion. Additionally, UA inhibited the AMF/PGI-mediated protection against TGF-β-induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells, whereas OA, tangeretin, and nobiletin had no effect. In Huh7 cells and tumor tissues, UA disrupted the Src/RhoA/PI 3-kinase signaling and complex formation induced by AMF/PGI. In the Hep3B system, UA dramatically suppressed AMF/PGI-induced anti-apoptotic signaling transmission, including Akt, p85, Bad, and Stat3 phosphorylation. AMF/PGI enhances tumor growth, angiogenesis, and pulmonary metastasis in mice, which is correlated with its enzymatic activity, and critically, UA intraperitoneal injection reduces the tumorigenesis in vivo, enhances apoptosis in tumor tissues and also prolongs mouse survival. Combination of sub-optimal dose of UA and cisplatin, a synergistic tumor cell-killing effects was found. Thus, UA modulates intracellular signaling and might serve as a functional natural compound for preventing or alleviating hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Shih
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Deng L, Shi B, Zhuang Y, Chu J, Shi X, Zhang S, Guo M. Performance and mechanism of neuroleukin in the growth and survival of sertoli cell-induced neurons in a coculture system. Cell Transplant 2013; 23:381-94. [PMID: 23394468 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x663578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells (SCs), which are recognized as the "nurse cells" of the testis due to their important biofunctions, have been used in cotransplantation with neurons in cell therapy. However, it is not clear whether SCs influence neuronal communication and survival. In this study, we showed that approximately 60% of cortical neural stem cells (NSCs) cocultured with SCs differentiated into mature neurons. In addition, the neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival rates were significantly enhanced in the coculture system compared with differentiated neurons induced by a differentiation medium. The neuroleukin (NLK) secretion of SCs was also identified at the RNA and protein level, and the roles of NLK in neuromorphology and physiological regulation were systematically investigated for the first time. These results not only highlight the significance of paracrine regulation of NSCs by SCs but also confirm the role NLK plays in the differentiation and survival of NSCs. Finally, we proposed a possible hypothesis for the mechanism of NLK in the growth and survival of SC-induced neurons based on Western blotting results, which is that NLK secreted by SCs activates the Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk, Jak/Stat, and PI3K/Akt pathways, but not the NF-κB pathway, in neurons resulting in their growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Shankar J, Kojic LD, St-Pierre P, Wang PTC, Fu M, Joshi B, Nabi IR. Raft endocytosis of autocrine motility factor regulates mitochondrial dynamics via rac1 signaling and the gp78 ubiquitin ligase. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:3295-304. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.120162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gp78 is a cell surface receptor that also functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. The Gp78 ligand, the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (also called autocrine motility factor or AMF), functions as a cytokine upon secretion by tumor cells. AMF is internalized via a PI3K- and dynamin-dependent raft endocytic pathway to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), however the relationship between AMF and Gp78 ubiquitin ligase activity remains unclear. AMF uptake to the smooth ER is inhibited by the dynamin inhibitor, dynasore, reduced in Gp78 knockdown cells and induces the dynamin-dependent downregulation of its cell surface receptor. AMF uptake is Rac1-dependent, inhibited by expression of dominant-negative Rac1 and the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766, and therefore distinct from Cdc42 and RhoA-dependent raft endocytic pathways. AMF stimulates Rac1 activation, that is reduced by dynasore treatment and absent in Gp78-knockdown cells and therefore requires Gp78-mediated endocytosis. AMF also prevents Gp78-induced degradation of the mitochondrial fusion proteins, Mitofusin 1 and 2 in a dynamin, Rac1 and PI3K-dependent manner. Gp78 induces mitochondrial clustering and fission in a ubiquitin ligase-dependent manner that is also reversed by AMF. The raft-dependent endocytosis of AMF therefore promotes Rac1/PI3K signaling that feeds back to promote AMF endocytosis and also inhibits the ability of Gp78 to target the mitofusins for degradation, thereby preventing Gp78-dependent mitochondrial fission. Through regulation of an ER-localized ubiquitin ligase, the raft-dependent endocytosis of AMF represents an extracellular regulator of mitochondrial fusion and dynamics.
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Kho DH, Nangia-Makker P, Balan V, Hogan V, Tait L, Wang Y, Raz A. Autocrine motility factor promotes HER2 cleavage and signaling in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2012; 73:1411-9. [PMID: 23248119 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is an effective targeted therapy in HER2-overexpressing human breast carcinoma. However, many HER2-positive patients initially or eventually become resistant to this treatment, so elucidating mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance that emerge in breast carcinoma cells is clinically important. Here, we show that autocrine motility factor (AMF) binds to HER2 and induces cleavage to the ectodomain-deleted and constitutively active form p95HER2. Mechanistic investigations indicated that interaction of AMF with HER2 triggers HER2 phosphorylation and metalloprotease-mediated ectodomain shedding, activating phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and ablating the ability of trastuzumab to inhibit breast carcinoma cell growth. Furthermore, we found that HER2 expression and AMF secretion were inversely related in breast carcinoma cells. On the basis of this evidence that AMF may contribute to HER2-mediated breast cancer progression, our findings suggest that AMF-HER2 interaction might be a novel target for therapeutic management of patients with breast cancer, whose disease is resistant to trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhong Hyo Kho
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 E Warren Ave., Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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St-Pierre P, Dang T, Joshi B, Nabi IR. Peripheral endoplasmic reticulum localization of the Gp78 ubiquitin ligase activity. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1727-37. [PMID: 22328510 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.096396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gp78 (also known as AMFR and RNF45) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for proteasomal degradation through endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). In this study, we showed that gp78-mediated ubiquitylation is initiated in the peripheral ER. Substrate monoubiquitylation and gp78 CUE domain integrity restricted substrate to the peripheral ER, where CUE domain interactions and polyubiquitylation reduced gp78 mobility. Derlin-1 and derlin-2, which are involved in the retrotranslocation of ERAD substrates, localized to a central, juxtanuclear ER domain, where polyubiquitylated proteins accumulated upon proteasome inhibition. Transfer of polyubiquitylated substrate to the central ER was dependent on ubiquitin chain elongation and recruitment of the AAA ATPase p97 (also known as VCP). HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells expressed elevated levels of endogenous gp78, which was associated with segregation of ubiquitylated substrate to the peripheral ER and its polyubiquitin-dependent redistribution to the central ER upon proteasome inhibition. Therefore, the peripheral ER is the site of gp78 ubiquitin ligase activity. Delivery of ubiquitylated substrate to the central ER was regulated by ubiquitin chain elongation and opposing actions of gp78 CUE domain interactions and p97 recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal St-Pierre
- University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sterol-induced degradation of HMG CoA reductase depends on interplay of two Insigs and two ubiquitin ligases, gp78 and Trc8. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:20503-8. [PMID: 22143767 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1112831108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of sterols in membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to the accelerated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in synthesis of cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids. This degradation results from sterol-induced binding of reductase to the Insig-1 or Insig-2 proteins of ER membranes. We previously reported that in immortalized human fibroblasts (SV-589 cells) Insig-1, but not Insig-2, recruits gp78, a membrane-bound RING-finger ubiquitin ligase. We now report that both Insig-1 and Insig-2 bind another membrane-bound RING-finger ubiquitin ligase called Trc8. Knockdown of either gp78 or Trc8 in SV-589 cells through RNA interference (RNAi) inhibited sterol-induced ubiquitination of reductase and inhibited sterol-induced degradation by 50-60%. The combined knockdown of gp78 and Trc8 produced a more complete inhibition of degradation (> 90%). Knockdown of gp78 led to a three to fourfold increase in levels of Trc8 and Insig-1 proteins, which opposed the inhibitory action of gp78. In contrast, knockdown of Trc8 had no effect on gp78 or Insig-1. The current results suggest that sterol-induced ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of reductase is dictated by the complex interplay of at least four proteins: Insig-1, Insig-2, gp78, and Trc8. Variations in the concentrations of any one of these proteins may account for differences in cell- and/or tissue-specific regulation of reductase degradation.
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Tsai YC, Weissman AM. Dissecting the diverse functions of the metastasis suppressor CD82/KAI1. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3166-73. [PMID: 21875585 PMCID: PMC3409691 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The recent identification of metastasis suppressor genes, the products of which inhibit metastasis but not primary tumor growth, distinguishes oncogenic transformation and tumor suppression from a hallmark of malignancy, the ability of cancer cells to invade sites distant from the primary tumor. The metastasis suppressor CD82/KAI1 is a member of the tetraspanin superfamily of glycoproteins. CD82 suppresses metastasis by multiple mechanisms including inhibition of cell motility and invasion, promotion of cell polarity as well as induction of senescence and apoptosis in response to extracellular stimuli. A common feature of these diverse effects is CD82 regulation of membrane organization as well as protein trafficking and interactions, which affects cellular signaling and intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yien Che Tsai
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.
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Stadelmann B, Spiliotis M, Müller J, Scholl S, Müller N, Gottstein B, Hemphill A. Echinococcus multilocularis phosphoglucose isomerase (EmPGI): A glycolytic enzyme involved in metacestode growth and parasite–host cell interactions. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:1563-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tsai YC, Weissman AM. The Unfolded Protein Response, Degradation from Endoplasmic Reticulum and Cancer. Genes Cancer 2010; 1:764-778. [PMID: 21331300 DOI: 10.1177/1947601910383011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle involved in many cellular functions including protein folding and secretion, lipid biosynthesis and calcium homeostasis. Proteins destined for the cell surface or for secretion are made in the ER, where they are folded and assembled into multi-subunit complexes. The ER plays a vital role in cellular protein quality control by extracting and degrading proteins that are not correctly folded or assembled into native complexes. This process, known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD), ensures that only properly folded and assembled proteins are transported to their final destinations. Besides its role in protein folding and transport in the secretory pathway, the ER regulates the biosynthesis of cholesterol and other membrane lipids. ERAD is an important means to ensure that levels of the responsible enzymes are appropriately maintained. The ER is also a major organelle for oxygen and nutrient sensing as cells adapt to their microenvironment. Stresses that disrupt ER function leads to accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER, a condition known as ER stress. Cells adapt to ER stress by activating an integrated signal transduction pathway called the unfolded protein response (UPR) (1). The UPR represents a survival response by the cells to restore ER homeostasis. If ER stress persists, cells activate mechanisms that result in cell death. Chronic ER stress is increasingly being recognized as a factor in many human diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. In this review we discuss the roles of the UPR and ERAD in cancer and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yien Che Tsai
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute - Frederick Frederick, Maryland
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Grund S, Olsson B, Jernås M, Jacobsson S, Swolin B, Nabi IR, Carlsson L, Wadenvik H. The autocrine motility factor receptor is overexpressed on the surface of B cells in Binet C chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Med Oncol 2010; 28:1542-8. [PMID: 20574759 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with a clinical spectrum reaching from discrete lymphocytosis to extensive enlargement of lymph nodes, spleen and liver, and bone marrow failure. The aim of this study was to identify genes that differentiate between patients with disease stage A vs. C according to Binet in order to better understand the disease. To achieve this, we performed DNA microarray analysis on B cells from CLL patients with stage A and C according to Binet and matched controls. Between CLL patients and controls, there were 1,528 differentially expressed genes and 360 genes were differentially expressed between Binet A and C patients. Due to the sheer number of regulated genes, we focused on the autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR). AMFR has not previously been investigated in hematological disorders, but high expression of AMFR correlates with a more advanced stage and invasive potential in several human tumors. AMFR mRNA expression was higher in Binet A compared with Binet C patients (P=0.0053) and healthy controls (P=0.0051). Total AMFR protein was higher in Binet A patients compared to Binet C as analyzed by intracellular flow cytometry. However, AMFR exist both in the ER involved in protein degradation and on the cell surface involved in metastasis and cell motility. Cell surface AMFR was increased in Binet C compared with Binet A+B (P=0.016). In conclusion, the mRNA levels reflect the total amount of AMFR, whereas cell surface expression is associated with progression in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Grund
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Coagulation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Wang L, Hou G, Xue L, Li J, Wei P, Xu P. Autocrine Motility Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway Promotes Cell Invasion via Activation of ROCK-2 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer Cells. Cancer Invest 2010; 28:993-1003. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2010.483503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Haller JF, Smith C, Liu D, Zheng H, Tornheim K, Han GS, Carman GM, Zoeller RA. Isolation of novel animal cell lines defective in glycerolipid biosynthesis reveals mutations in glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:866-77. [PMID: 19903819 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.068213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerolipids are structural components for membranes and serve in energy storage. We describe here the use of a photodynamic selection technique to generate a population of Chinese hamster ovary cells that display a global deficiency in glycerolipid biosynthesis. One isolate from this population, GroD1, displayed a profound reduction in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and triglycerides but presented high levels of phosphatidic acid and normal levels of phosphatidylinositol synthesis. This was accompanied by a reduction in phosphatidate phosphatase 1 (PAP1) activity. Expression cloning and sequencing of the cDNA obtained from GroD1 revealed a point mutation, Gly-189 --> Glu, in glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), a glycolytic enzyme involved in an inherited disorder that results in anemia and neuromuscular symptoms in humans. GPI activity was reduced by 87% in GroD1. No significant differences were found in DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and ATP levels, whereas glycerol 3-phosphate levels were increased in the mutant. Expression of wild-type hamster GPI restored GPI activity, glycerolipid biosynthesis, and PAP1 activity in GroD1. Two additional, independently isolated GPI-deficient mutants displayed similar phenotypes with respect to PAP1 activity and glycerolipid biosynthesis. These findings uncover a novel relationship between GPI, involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and PAP1, a lipogenic enzyme. These results may also help to explain neuromuscular symptoms associated with inherited GPI deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F Haller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Araki K, Shimura T, Yajima T, Tsutsumi S, Suzuki H, Okada K, Kobayashi T, Raz A, Kuwano H. Phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor promotes melanoma cell migration through ERK activation dependent on autocrine production of interleukin-8. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:32305-11. [PMID: 19801670 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.008250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor (AMF) promotes cell migration in an autocrine manner in various tumor cells. However, it remains unclear whether certain cytokines modulate the effects of AMF on tumor cell migration. Because interleukin (IL)-8, a proinflammatory cytokine, is produced by melanoma cells and has been correlated with melanoma migration, the migratory ability of melanoma cells induced by AMF may also involve induction of IL-8 expression. In the present study, we assessed whether AMF promotes melanoma cell migration through autocrine production of IL-8. We found that AMF stimulation increased IL-8 production through up-regulation of IL-8 mRNA transcription, especially in biologically early stage melanoma cells. AMF-induced migration of these cells was inhibited by a specific neutralizing antibody against IL-8. The IL-8 production induced by AMF was mediated by the ERK1/2 pathways. These findings suggest that melanoma migration induced by AMF is mediated by autocrine production of IL-8 as a novel downstream modulator of the AMF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Araki
- Department of General Surgical Science (Surgery I), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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Haga A, Komazaki S, Funasaka T, Hashimoto K, Yokoyama Y, Watanabe H, Raz A, Nagase H. AMF/G6PI induces differentiation of leukemic cells via an unknown receptor that differs from gp78. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 47:2234-43. [PMID: 17071500 DOI: 10.1080/10428190600773263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Autocrine Motility Factor (AMF)/maturation factor (MF)/neuroleukin (NLK) is a multifunctional protein, which acts as a glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) intracellularly. Exto-G6PI stimulates invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, neurotropic growth and differentiation of leukemic cells. The cell motility and proliferation receptor is known to be gp78 (78 kilo-Dalton glycoprotein), which has seven transmembrane domains in its N-terminal region, but the maturation factor receptor remains unclear. The human acute monocytic leukemia line does not express gp78 and its motile activity is not enhanced by AMF though it is well differentiated by AMF exposure. The forced expression of gp78 in leukemic cells recovered acceptable motile stimulation, concomitant with reduced differentiation ability. Two unknown proteins were detected by crosslinking between AMF and leukemic cells. The results of this report suggest that the receptor molecule for AMF/NLK/MF in leukemic differentiation is not gp78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arayo Haga
- Research Institute for Health and Environmental Science, Gifu Prefectural Government, Kakamigahara, Japan.
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Funasaka T, Hogan V, Raz A. Phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor mediates epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype conversions in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69:5349-56. [PMID: 19531650 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor (PGI/AMF) is a housekeeping gene product/cytokine that catalyzes a step in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and acts as a multifunctional cytokine associated with aggressive tumors. PGI/AMF has been correlated significantly with breast cancer progression and poor prognosis in breast cancer. We show here that ectopic expression of PGI/AMF induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MCF10A normal human breast epithelial cells, and inhibition of PGI/AMF expression triggered mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in aggressive mesenchymal-type human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. EMT in MCF10A cells was shown by morphologic changes and loss of E-cadherin/beta-catenin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, which is concomitant with the induction of the E-cadherin transcriptional repressor Snail and proteosome-dependent degradation of beta-catenin protein. Molecular analysis showed that PGI/AMF suppressed epithelial marker expressions and enhanced mesenchymal marker expressions. Silencing of PGI/AMF expression by RNA interference in MDA-MB-231 cells induced the reverse processes of EMT including altered cell shape, gain of epithelial marker, and reduction of mesenchymal marker, e.g., MET. Taken together, the results show the involvement of PGI/AMF in both EMT and MET: overexpression of PGI/AMF induces EMT in normal breast epithelial cells and reduction of PGI/AMF expression led to MET in aggressive breast cancer cells. These results suggest for the first time that PGI/AMF is a key gene to both EMT in the initiating step of cancer metastasis and MET in the later stage of metastasis during breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuyoshi Funasaka
- Tumor Progression and Metastasis Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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44
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Fairbank M, St-Pierre P, Nabi IR. The complex biology of autocrine motility factor/phosphoglucose isomerase (AMF/PGI) and its receptor, the gp78/AMFR E3 ubiquitin ligase. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:793-801. [PMID: 19603112 DOI: 10.1039/b820820b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a glycolytic enzyme that exhibits a dual function as an extracellular cytokine, under the name autocrine motility factor (AMF). Its cell surface receptor, gp78/AMFR, is also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum where it functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Expression of both AMF/PGI and gp78/AMFR is associated with cancer and, in this review, we will discuss various aspects of the biology of this ligand-receptor complex and its role in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fairbank
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6P 5V8, Canada
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45
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Lin HY, Kao YH, Chen ST, Meng M. Effects of inherited mutations on catalytic activity and structural stability of human glucose-6-phosphate isomerase expressed in Escherichia coli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1794:315-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Maruyama Y, Yamada M, Takahashi K, Yamada M. Ubiquitin ligase Kf-1 is involved in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 374:737-41. [PMID: 18675248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kf-1 was first identified as a gene showing enhanced expression in the cerebral cortex of a sporadic Alzheimer's disease patient. To date, however, the functional properties of Kf-1 protein remain unknown. In this study, immunohistochemical analysis showed that Kf-1 immunoreactivity was detected in rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex neurons. Interestingly, it was colocalized with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker. To investigate the specific function of Kf-1 protein, we generated Myc tagged wild type Kf-1 (Myc-Kf-1WT) and RING finger domain deletion mutant of Kf-1 (Myc-Kf-1DeltaR), and then transfected in HEK293 cells. Myc-Kf-1WT displayed a reticular pattern typical of ER localization, with large perinuclear aggregates and colocalized with ER marker, calnexin. Myc-Kf-1WT facilitated ubiquitination of endogenous proteins, whereas Myc-Kf-1DeltaR did not show ubiquitin ligase activity. In addition, we found that Kf-1 interacted with components of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, including Derlin-1 and VCP. Taken together, these properties suggest that Kf-1 is an ER ubiquitin ligase involved in the ERAD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Maruyama
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
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47
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Shih WL, Liao MH, Yu FL, Lin PY, Hsu HY, Chiu SJ. AMF/PGI transactivates the MMP-3 gene through the activation of Src-RhoA-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling to induce hepatoma cell migration. Cancer Lett 2008; 270:202-17. [PMID: 18571835 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that AMF/PGI induces hepatoma cell migration through the induction of MMP-3. This work investigates how AMF/PGI activates the MMP-3 gene. We demonstrated that AMF/PGI transactivates the MMP-3 gene promoter through AP-1. The transactivation and induction of cell migration effect of AMF/PGI directly correlates with its enzymatic activity. Various analyses showed that AMF/PGI stimulated the Src-RhoA-PI3-kinase signaling pathway, and these three signaling molecules could form a complex. Our results demonstrate a new mechanism of AMF/PGI-induced cell migration and a link between Src-RhoA-PI3-kinase, AP-1, MMP-3 and hepatoma cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Shih
- Graduate Institute, Department of Life Science, Tzu-Chi University, 701 Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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Autocrine motility factor stimulates the invasiveness of malignant cells as well as up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 expression via a MAPK pathway. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:1877-82. [PMID: 18485900 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The autocrine motility factor (AMF) is a multifunctional protein that is involved in tumor progression including enhanced invasiveness via induction of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3). The increase in MMP3 was found in an AMF-high production tumor cell line, and c-Jun, c-Fos and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were also highly phosphorylated compared with the parent line. AMF stimulation induced the rapid phosphorylation of the cellular MAPK cascade and MMP3 secretion, which was blocked using a specific MAPK inhibitor. Results of this study suggest that AMF stimulation stimulates MMP3 expression via a MAPK signaling pathway.
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Funasaka T, Raz A. The role of autocrine motility factor in tumor and tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2008; 26:725-35. [PMID: 17828376 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-007-9086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Autocrine motility factor (AMF) is a tumor-secreted cytokine and is abundant at tumor sites, where it may affect the process of tumor growth and metastasis. AMF is a multifunctional protein capable of affecting cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival, and possesses phosphoglucose isomerase activity and can catalyze the step in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Here, we review the role of AMF and tumor environment on malignant processes. The outcome of metastasis depends on multiple interactions between tumor cells and homeostatic mechanisms, therefore elucidation of the tumor/host interactions in the tumor microenvironment is essential in the development of new prevention and treatment strategies. Such knowledge might provide clues to develop new future therapeutic approaches for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuyoshi Funasaka
- Tumor Progression and Metastasis Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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50
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Yanagawa T, Funasaka T, Tsutsumi S, Hu H, Watanabe H, Raz A. Regulation of phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor activities by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family-14. Cancer Res 2007; 67:8682-9. [PMID: 17875708 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9) is a ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme essential for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. PGI is a multifunctional dimeric protein that extracellularly acts as a cytokine [autocrine motility factor (AMF)] eliciting mitogenic, motogenic, and differentiation functions through binding to its cell surface receptor gp78/AMF receptor (AMFR). AMFR contains a seven-transmembrane domain with RING-H2 and leucine zipper motifs showing ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) activity and is exposed on the endoplasmic reticulum surface. Augmented expressions of both PGI/AMF and AMFR have been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis, and an intracellular binding partner of PGI/AMF is expected to regulate in part its diverse biological functions. Thus, we screened a cDNA library using a yeast two-hybrid system to search for interacting protein(s) and report on the finding of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-14 (PARP-14) to be a binding partner with PGI/AMF. PARP-14-PGI/AMF interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and immunolocalization. We also report that PGI/AMF degradation is mainly regulated by the ubiquitin-lysosome system and RNA interference experiments revealed that PARP-14 inhibits PGI/AMF ubiquitination, thus contributing to its stabilization and secretion. This newly characterized PARP-14 protein should assist in understanding the regulation of PGI/AMF intracellular function(s) and may provide a new therapeutic target for inhibition of PGI/AMF inducing tumor cell migration and invasion during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yanagawa
- Tumor Progression and Metastasis Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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