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Hossain MF, Mustary UH, Tokumoto T. Evidence of binding between diethylstilbestrol (DES) and the goldfish ( Carassius auratus) membrane progesterone receptor α. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:563-571. [PMID: 38317456 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2311185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous study, diethylstilbestrol (DES) was shown to induce oocyte maturation in fish. In the present study, the interaction of DES on goldfish membrane progesterone receptor α (GmPRα) was investigated using a competitive binding assay with radiolabeled steroids. The results indicate that DES exerts its effects on membrane progesterone receptor alpha (mPRα) and induces oocyte maturation through nongenomic steroid mechanisms. This study provides empirical data that demonstrate the binding between DES and GmPRα. METHODS Binding of DES to GmPRα was achieved by using radiolabeled DES and recombinant GmPRα expressed in culture cells or purified GmPRα proteins that coupled to graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Additionally, the competitive binding of fluorescently labeled progesterone to GmPRα-expressing cells was evaluated. RESULTS Although significant nonspecific binding of radiolabeled DES to the cell membrane that expresses GmPRα has been observed, specific binding of DES to GmPRα has been successfully identified in the presence of digitonin. Furthermore, the specific binding of DES to GmPRα was confirmed by a binding assay using GQD-GmPRα. The radiolabeled DES was shown to bind to GQD-GmPRα. Additionally, the competition for the binding of fluorescently labeled progesterone to GmPRα-expressing cells was achieved with the DES. CONCLUSIONS The results of the experiments revealed that DES binds to GmPRα. Thus, it can be concluded that DES induces goldfish oocyte maturation by binding to GmPRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Forhad Hossain
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Umme Habiba Mustary
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Tokumoto
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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Uso de indometacina y antibioterapia para el manejo de cérvix corto asintomático. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2022.100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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3
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Rickard BP, Rizvi I, Fenton SE. Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and female reproductive outcomes: PFAS elimination, endocrine-mediated effects, and disease. Toxicology 2022; 465:153031. [PMID: 34774661 PMCID: PMC8743032 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread environmental contaminants frequently detected in drinking water supplies worldwide that have been linked to a variety of adverse reproductive health outcomes in women. Compared to men, reproductive health effects in women are generally understudied while global trends in female reproduction rates are declining. Many factors may contribute to the observed decline in female reproduction, one of which is environmental contaminant exposure. PFAS have been used in home, food storage, personal care and industrial products for decades. Despite the phase-out of some legacy PFAS due to their environmental persistence and adverse health effects, alternative, short-chain and legacy PFAS mixtures will continue to pollute water and air and adversely influence women's health. Studies have shown that both long- and short-chain PFAS disrupt normal reproductive function in women through altering hormone secretion, menstrual cyclicity, and fertility. Here, we summarize the role of a variety of PFAS and PFAS mixtures in female reproductive tract dysfunction and disease. Since these chemicals may affect reproductive tissues directly or indirectly through endocrine disruption, the role of PFAS in breast, thyroid, and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function are also discussed as the interplay between these tissues may be critical in understanding the long-term reproductive health effects of PFAS in women. A major research gap is the need for mechanism of action data - the targets for PFAS in the female reproductive and endocrine systems are not evident, but the effects are many. Given the global decline in female fecundity and the ability of PFAS to negatively impact female reproductive health, further studies are needed to examine effects on endocrine target tissues involved in the onset of reproductive disorders of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Rm E121A, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Zajicek M, Kassif E, Weisz B, Berkovitz Shperling R, Lipitz S, Weissbach T, Barzilay E, Orvieto R, Haas J. "One-stop shop" for the evaluation of the infertile patient: hystero-salpingo foam sonography combined with two and three dimensional ultrasound and sonohysterography. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 42:670-674. [PMID: 34448669 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1929113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) is considered an acceptable alternative for hysterosalpingography (HSG). By combining HyFoSy with two and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) ultrasound and hysterosonography, a complete fertility work-up can be done. We aimed to evaluate the value of a combined ultrasound examination for fertility work-up. During the study period 113 women were examined. Five of 113 (4.4%) examinations were abandoned due to intra-uterine adhesions that were detected by hysterosonography, and five (4.4%) were abandoned due to technical difficulties. Of 103 women who had completed the examination, 2D ultrasound revealed six patients with hydrosalpinx (5.8%) and sonographic signs of adenomyosis in 13 (12.6%) patients. By combining 2D ultrasound with hysterosonography, two (1.9%) fibroids that were penetrating the uterine cavity and seven (6.8%) endometrial polyps were detected. HyFoSy showed bilateral patent tubes in 58 patients (56.3%), unilateral tubal occlusion in 29 (28.1%) and bilateral tubal occlusion in 16 (15.5%). This study shows that the 'one-stop shop' examination is feasible. The combined examination had detected 16 pathological findings that would have not been detected by HyFoSy alone. Hence, it should be offered to couples undergoing routine infertility work-up.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? The accuracy of the HyFoSy alone has been evaluated in different studies, but this presented ultrasound scan is integrating 4 different modalities in one exam (2D scanning of the pelvis, 3D scanning of the uterus, hysterosonography and HyFoSy) and we were able to evaluate the female pelvic organs, including the uterine cavity, the tubes and the ovaries, in order to expand the range of diagnosed pathologies.What do the results of this study add? The concept of 'one-stop shop' for the evaluation of female pelvis in couples suffering from infertility is feasible, has comparable accuracy as HSG for tubal occlusion, and higher detection rate for uterine malformations.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? We suggest to incorporate this examination in routine fertility work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zajicek
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecological Imaging and Fetal therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eran Kassif
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecological Imaging and Fetal therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Boaz Weisz
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecological Imaging and Fetal therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Raz Berkovitz Shperling
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecological Imaging and Fetal therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shlomo Lipitz
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecological Imaging and Fetal therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tal Weissbach
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecological Imaging and Fetal therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eran Barzilay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samson Assuta Ashdod Hospital, Ashdod, Israel, affiliated with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Raoul Orvieto
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jigal Haas
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Seyhan A, Ertas S, Urman B. Prevalence of T-shaped uterus among fertile women based on ESHRE/ESGE and Congenital Uterine Malformation by Experts (CUME) criteria. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:515-522. [PMID: 34281787 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the prevalence of T-shaped uteri among fertile women based on ESHRE/ESGE and Congenital Uterine Malformation by Experts (CUME) criteria? DESIGN A prospective cohort study of 258 women of reproductive age with a history of at least one natural pregnancy resulting in live birth. Participants were recruited from the family planning clinic between January 2018 and March 2020. The ESHRE/ESGE classification of congenital anomalies of the female genital tract was used for describing abnormal findings. CUME criteria were also used for diagnosing T-shaped uterus. Uterine cavity volume was measured. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 35.4 ± 6.2 years. Participants were diagnosed with the following: congenital uterine abnormality (n = 9 [3.6%]); partial septate uterus (n = 5 [2.0%]) and hemiuterus (n = 2 [0.8%]). Two women (0.8%) were diagnosed with T-shaped uterus and borderline T-shaped uterus based on the ESHRE/ESGE criteria and CUME. Mean lateral indentation angle, lateral indentation depth and T-angle were 156.2° ± 9.53°, 2.85 ± 0.93 mm and 73.3° ± 9.85° in patients with normal uterine cavity. In patients with T-shaped and borderline T-shaped uteri, respective figures were 115° versus 121°, 10 mm versus 7.6 mm and 27.5° versus 70°. Median volume of the uterine cavity in patients with normal uterine cavity and T-shaped uterus was 3.71 ml (minimum 2.0 to maximum 9.03 ml, interquartile range 1.93) and 3.2 ml (2.9 and 3.62 ml), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of T-shaped uteri in fertile women is low, which corresponds to previous reports of women with poor reproductive history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Seyhan
- American Hospital, Centre for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Ertas
- American Hospital, Centre for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Urman
- American Hospital, Centre for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Istanbul, Turkey; Koc University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Centre Istanbul, Turkey
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Hypothalamic Expression of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Pro-OpioMelanoCortin (POMC) in Adult Male Mice Is Affected by Chronic Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060368. [PMID: 34207679 PMCID: PMC8228876 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the arcuate nucleus, neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, increase food intake and decrease energy expenditure, and control the activity of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, that decrease food intake and increase energy expenditure. Both systems project to other hypothalamic nuclei such as the paraventricular and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental contaminants that alter the endocrine system causing adverse health effects in an intact organism or its progeny. We investigated the effects of long-term exposure to some EDCs on the hypothalamic NPY and POMC systems of adult male mice that had been previously demonstrated to be a target of some of these EDCs after short-term exposure. Animals were chronically fed for four months with a phytoestrogen-free diet containing two different concentrations of bisphenol A, diethylstilbestrol, tributyltin, or E2. At the end, brains were processed for NPY and POMC immunohistochemistry and quantitatively analyzed. In the arcuate and dorsomedial nuclei, both NPY and POMC immunoreactivity showed a statistically significant decrease. In the paraventricular nucleus, only the NPY system was affected, while the POMC system was not affected. Finally, in the VMH the NPY system was affected whereas no POMC immunoreactive material was observed. These results indicate that adult exposure to different EDCs may alter the hypothalamic circuits that control food intake and energy metabolism.
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Coelho Neto MA, Ludwin A, Petraglia F, Martins WP. Definition, prevalence, clinical relevance and treatment of T-shaped uterus: systematic review. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 57:366-377. [PMID: 32898287 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize in a systematic review the current evidence regarding definitions, diagnosis, prevalence, etiology, clinical relevance and impact of surgical treatment for T-shaped uterus not related to diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure, and to highlight areas on which future research should focus. METHODS A search of PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE was performed on 9 April 2020 using the search terms 't-shaped OR t-shape OR infantile OR (lateral indentation) OR (diethylstilbestrol OR DES) AND (uterus OR uterine OR uteri) AND (anomaly OR anomalies OR malformation OR malformations)'. Additionally, the reference lists of the included studies were searched manually for other relevant publications. All studies presenting data on T-shaped uterus not associated with DES exposure and including at least 10 women were considered eligible. Studies regarding DES-related T-shaped uterus were excluded because DES has not been used since 1971. There were no restrictions on language, date of publication or status of publication. RESULTS Of 2504 records identified by the electronic search, 20 studies were included in the systematic review. The majority of studies were of poor quality. In 11 of 16 studies reporting on the diagnosis of T-shaped uterus, the diagnostic method used was three-dimensional ultrasound. There is no consensus on the definition of T-shaped uterus, but the most cited criteria (4/16 studies) were of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESHRE/ESGE; 2013). The prevalence of T-shaped uterus varied from 0.2% to 10% in the four included studies reporting such data. With respect to etiology (except for DES), T-shaped uterus was considered a primary condition in three studies and secondary to adhesions in five and adenomyosis in one. T-shaped uterus was related to worse reproductive outcome based on subfertility (nine studies), miscarriage (seven studies), preterm delivery (two studies), ectopic pregnancy (one study) and repeat implantation failure (seven studies). Of the 12 studies that reported on the effects of surgical treatment of T-shaped uterus by hysteroscopic metroplasty, some mentioned an improvement in pregnancy rate (rates ranging from 49.6% to 88%; eight studies), live-birth rate (rates ranging from 35.1% to 76%; seven studies) and term-delivery rate (four studies) and a reduction in miscarriage (rates ranging from 7% to 49.6%; five studies) and ectopic pregnancy (one study). However, the evidence is of very low quality with serious/critical risk of bias toward overestimating the intervention effect. Some authors reported no complications related to the procedure, while others mentioned persistence of the dysmorphism (rates ranging from 1.4% to 11%; three studies), bleeding (1.3%; one study), infection (2.6%; one study) and adhesions (11.1% and 16.8%; two studies). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence, etiology and clinical relevance, with respect to reproductive outcome, of T-shaped uterus remain unclear and there is no consensus on the definition and diagnostic method for this condition. Expectant management should be considered the most appropriate choice for everyday practice until randomized controlled trials show a benefit of intervention. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Coelho Neto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (DGO-FRMP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- SEMEAR Fertilidade, Reproductive Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - A Ludwin
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Ludwin & Ludwin Gynecology, Private Medical Center, Krakow, Poland
| | - F Petraglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - W P Martins
- SEMEAR Fertilidade, Reproductive Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Laws MJ, Neff AM, Brehm E, Warner GR, Flaws JA. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and reproductive disorders in women, men, and animal models. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:151-190. [PMID: 34452686 PMCID: PMC9743013 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This chapter covers the known effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on reproductive disorders. The EDCs represented are highly studied, including plasticizers (bisphenols and phthalates), chemicals in personal care products (parabens), persistent environmental contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls), and chemicals in pesticides or herbicides. Both female and male reproductive disorders are reviewed in the chapter. Female disorders include infertility/subfertility, irregular reproductive cycles, early menopause, premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. Male disorders include infertility/subfertility, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias. Findings from both human and animal studies are represented.
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New frontiers of developmental endocrinology opened by researchers connecting irreversible effects of sex hormones on developing organs. Differentiation 2020; 118:4-23. [PMID: 33189416 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the early 1960's, at Professor Bern's laboratory, University of California, Berkeley) in the US, Takasugi discovered ovary-independent, persistent vaginal changes in mice exposed neonatally to estrogen, which resulted in vaginal cancer later in life. Reproductive abnormalities in rodents were reported as a result of perinatal exposure to various estrogenic chemicals. Ten years later, vaginal cancers were reported in young women exposed in utero to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) and this has been called the "DES syndrome". The developing organism is particularly sensitive to developmental exposure to estrogens inducing long-term changes in various organs including the reproductive organs. The molecular mechanism underlying the persistent vaginal changes induced by perinatal estrogen exposure was partly demonstrated. Persistent phosphorylation and sustained expression of EGF-like growth factors, lead to estrogen receptor α (ESR1) activation, and then persistent vaginal epithelial cell proliferation. Agents which are weakly estrogenic by postnatal criteria may have major developmental effects, especially during a critical perinatal period. The present review outlines various studies conducted by four generations of investigators all under the influence of Prof. Bern. The studies include reports of persistent changes induced by neonatal androgen exposure, analyses of estrogen responsive genes, factors determining epithelial differentiation in the Müllerian duct, ESR and growth factor signaling, and polyovular follicles in mammals. This review is then expanded to the studies on the effects of environmental estrogens on wildlife and endocrine disruption in Daphnids.
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Galaz J, Romero R, Xu Y, Miller D, Levenson D, Para R, Varrey A, Hsu R, Tong A, Hassan SS, Hsu CD, Gomez-Lopez N. Cellular immune responses in amniotic fluid of women with a sonographic short cervix. J Perinat Med 2020; 48:665-676. [PMID: 32716907 PMCID: PMC8272936 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives A sonographic short cervix is one of the strongest predictors of preterm delivery. However, the cellular immune composition of amniotic fluid in women with a short cervix has not yet been described. Herein, we determined cellular and soluble immune responses in amniotic fluid from pregnant women with a mid-trimester asymptomatic short cervix. Methods Amniotic fluid samples (n=77) were collected from asymptomatic women with a cervical length between 15 and 25 mm (n=36, short cervix) or ≤15 mm (n=41, severely short cervix) diagnosed by ultrasound. Flow cytometry and multiplex measurement of cytokines/chemokines were performed. Results (1) The cellular immune composition of amniotic fluid did not differ between women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) and those with a short cervix 15-25 mm; (2) amniotic fluid concentrations of multiple cytokines/chemokines were higher in women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) than in those with a short cervix 15-25 mm; (3) the cellular immune composition of amniotic fluid did not differ between women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) who ultimately underwent preterm delivery and those who delivered at term; and (4) amniotic fluid concentrations of IL-2, but not other immune mediators, were increased in women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) who ultimately delivered preterm compared to those who delivered at term. Conclusions Women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) have increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators in the amniotic cavity; yet, these do not translate to changes in the cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Galaz
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dustyn Levenson
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robert Para
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aneesha Varrey
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Richard Hsu
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Anna Tong
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Neal SA, Morin SJ, Werner MD, Gueye NA, Pirtea P, Scott RT, Goodman LR. Three-dimensional ultrasound diagnosis of T-shaped uterus is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes after embryo transfer. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 39:777-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Grigore M, Grigore A, Gafitanu D, Furnica C. Pictorial essay of ultrasound‐reconstructed coronal plane images of the uterus in different uterine pathologies. Clin Anat 2017; 31:373-379. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.23035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Grigore
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T.Popa,”Iasi Romania
- Medis Medical Centre IasiIasi Romania
| | - Anamaria Grigore
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T.Popa,”Iasi Romania
| | - Dumitru Gafitanu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T.Popa,”Iasi Romania
- Medis Medical Centre IasiIasi Romania
| | - Cristina Furnica
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T.Popa,”Iasi Romania
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A Gata2-Dependent Transcription Network Regulates Uterine Progesterone Responsiveness and Endometrial Function. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1414-1425. [PMID: 27783953 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered progesterone responsiveness leads to female infertility and cancer, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Mice with uterine-specific ablation of GATA binding protein 2 (Gata2) are infertile, showing failures in embryo implantation, endometrial decidualization, and uninhibited estrogen signaling. Gata2 deficiency results in reduced progesterone receptor (PGR) expression and attenuated progesterone signaling, as evidenced by genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation. GATA2 not only occupies at and promotes expression of the Pgr gene but also regulates downstream progesterone responsive genes in conjunction with the PGR. Additionally, Gata2 knockout uteri exhibit abnormal luminal epithelia with ectopic TRP63 expressing squamous cells and a cancer-related molecular profile in a progesterone-independent manner. Lastly, we found a conserved GATA2-PGR regulatory network in both human and mice based on gene signature and path analyses using gene expression profiles of human endometrial tissues. In conclusion, uterine Gata2 regulates a key regulatory network of gene expression for progesterone signaling at the early pregnancy stage.
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KOLATOROVA L, DUSKOVA M, VITKU J, STARKA L. Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenols and Parabens and Impacts on Human Physiology. Physiol Res 2017; 66:S305-S315. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, living organisms are exposed daily to multiform pollution from industrial chemical products. Some of these substances have been shown to affect the endocrine system, and have been termed endocrine disruptors (EDs). Bisphenol A (BPA), which can leach from plastics, and parabens, used in cosmetic products, are among the most well-studied. Prenatal development is a vulnerable phase of human life, and disruptions during this period may have lifelong consequences. Since EDs are known to cross the placental barrier and BPA may accumulate in the fetus, “BPA-free” products have been introduced to the market. However, such products often contain alternative bisphenols (e.g. BPS, BPF) that have not yet been extensively examined or regulated. Moreover, alternative bisphenols often occur together with BPA. The human organism is thus exposed to a mixture of EDs, some of which can have additive or synergic effects. Recent findings have also shown that paraben exposure can alter bisphenol pharmacokinetics. Taking into account the widespread occurrence of various EDs and the potential multiplicity of their effects, doses of EDs currently considered safe may not actually be as safe as they appear, especially during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. KOLATOROVA
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Al Jishi T, Sergi C. Current perspective of diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure in mothers and offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 71:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zafarani F, Ahmadi F, Shahrzad G. Hysterosalpingography in The Assessment of Congenital Cervical Anomalies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2017; 11:71-78. [PMID: 28670423 PMCID: PMC5347453 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2017.4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cervical abnormalities may be congenital or acquired. Congenital anomalies of the cervix are rarely isolated, and more commonly accompany other uterine anomalies. Various
imaging tools have been used in the assessment of Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs).
Currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for definitive
diagnosis and classification of these MDAs. Hysterosalpingography is a basic tool for
evaluation of infertility and allows us to detect a spectrum of anatomical malformations
of the utero-cervix in the setting of MDAs. It provides good outlines of the uterine cavity
and fallopian tubes, as well as the cervical canal and isthmus. However, hysterosalpingograms (HSG) cannot be performed in patients with isolated congenital maldevelopment
(agenesis/disgenesis) of the cervix. This part of pictorial review illustrates the various
radiographic appearances of congenital malformations of the utero-cervix with a brief
overview of the embryologic features. Accurate diagnosis of such cases is considered
essential for optimal treatment and categorization of each anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zafarani
- Department of Reproductive Imaging, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Ahmadi
- Department of Reproductive Imaging, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Shahrzad
- Department of Reproductive Imaging, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Tehran, Iran
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Ho SM, Cheong A, Adgent MA, Veevers J, Suen AA, Tam NNC, Leung YK, Jefferson WN, Williams CJ. Environmental factors, epigenetics, and developmental origin of reproductive disorders. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 68:85-104. [PMID: 27421580 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sex-specific differentiation, development, and function of the reproductive system are largely dependent on steroid hormones. For this reason, developmental exposure to estrogenic and anti-androgenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is associated with reproductive dysfunction in adulthood. Human data in support of "Developmental Origins of Health and Disease" (DOHaD) comes from multigenerational studies on offspring of diethylstilbestrol-exposed mothers/grandmothers. Animal data indicate that ovarian reserve, female cycling, adult uterine abnormalities, sperm quality, prostate disease, and mating behavior are susceptible to DOHaD effects induced by EDCs such as bisphenol A, genistein, diethylstilbestrol, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene, phthalates, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Mechanisms underlying these EDC effects include direct mimicry of sex steroids or morphogens and interference with epigenomic sculpting during cell and tissue differentiation. Exposure to EDCs is associated with abnormal DNA methylation and other epigenetic modifications, as well as altered expression of genes important for development and function of reproductive tissues. Here we review the literature exploring the connections between developmental exposure to EDCs and adult reproductive dysfunction, and the mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk-Mei Ho
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Ana Cheong
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Margaret A Adgent
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jennifer Veevers
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alisa A Suen
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; Curriculum in Toxicology, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Neville N C Tam
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Wendy N Jefferson
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Carmen J Williams
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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Zama AM, Bhurke A, Uzumcu M. Effects of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals on Female Reproductive Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1874070701610010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are increasingly prevalent in the environment and the evidence demonstrates that they affect reproductive health, has been accumulating for the last few decades. In this review of recent literature, we present evidence of the effects of estrogen-mimicking EDCs on female reproductive health especially the ovaries and uteri. As representative EDCs, data from studies with a pharmaceutical estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), an organochlorine pesticide methoxychlor (MXC), a phytoestrogen (genistein), and a chemical used in plastics, bisphenol a (BPA) have been presented. We also discuss the effects of a commonly found plasticizer in the environment, a phthalate (DEHP), even though it is not a typical estrogenic EDC. Collectively, these studies show that exposures during fetal and neonatal periods cause developmental reprogramming leading to adult reproductive disease. Puberty, estrous cyclicity, ovarian follicular development, and uterine functions are all affected by exposure to these EDCs. Evidence that epigenetic modifications are involved in the progression to adult disease is also presented.
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Romero R, Miranda J, Chaiworapongsa T, Chaemsaithong P, Gotsch F, Dong Z, Ahmed AI, Yoon BH, Hassan SS, Kim CJ, Korzeniewski SJ, Yeo L, Kim YM. Sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in asymptomatic patients with a sonographic short cervix: prevalence and clinical significance. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 28:1343-1359. [PMID: 25123515 PMCID: PMC4372495 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.954243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and clinical significance of sterile and microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation in asymptomatic patients with a sonographic short cervix. METHODS Amniotic fluid (AF) samples obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis from 231 asymptomatic women with a sonographic short cervix [cervical length (CL) ≤25 mm] were analyzed using cultivation techniques (for aerobic and anaerobic as well as genital mycoplasmas) and broad-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS). The frequency and magnitude of intra-amniotic inflammation [defined as an AF interleukin (IL)-6 concentration ≥2.6 ng/mL], acute histologic placental inflammation, spontaneous preterm delivery (sPTD), and the amniocentesis-to-delivery interval were examined according to the results of AF cultures, PCR/ESI-MS and AF IL-6 concentrations. RESULTS Ten percent (24/231) of patients with a sonographic short cervix had sterile intra-amniotic inflammation (an elevated AF IL-6 concentration without evidence of microorganisms using cultivation and molecular methods). Sterile intra-amniotic inflammation was significantly more frequent than microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation [10.4% (24/231) versus 2.2% (5/231); p < 0.001]. Patients with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation had a significantly higher rate of sPTD <34 weeks of gestation [70.8% (17/24) versus 31.6% (55/174); p < 0.001] and a significantly shorter amniocentesis-to-delivery interval than patients without intra-amniotic inflammation [median 35, (IQR: 10-70) versus median 71, (IQR: 47-98) days, (p < 0.0001)]. CONCLUSION Sterile intra-amniotic inflammation is more common than microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation in asymptomatic women with a sonographic short cervix, and is associated with increased risk of sPTD (<34 weeks). Further investigation is required to determine the causes of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation and the mechanisms whereby this condition is associated with a short cervix and sPTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jezid Miranda
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA
- Integrata Verona, Ostetricia Ginecologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Verona, Italy
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed I. Ahmed
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chong J. Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Inje University, Haeundae Paik Hospital
| | - Steven J. Korzeniewski
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yeon Mee Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Inje University, Haeundae Paik Hospital
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Milesi MM, Alarcón R, Ramos JG, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Luque EH, Varayoud J. Neonatal exposure to low doses of endosulfan induces implantation failure and disrupts uterine functional differentiation at the pre-implantation period in rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 401:248-59. [PMID: 25486513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether neonatal exposure to low doses of endosulfan affects fertility and uterine functional differentiation at pre-implantation in rats. Newborn female rats received the vehicle, 0.2 µg/kg/d of diethylstilbestrol (DES), 6 µg/kg/d of endosulfan (Endo6) or 600 µg/kg/d of endosulfan (Endo600) on postnatal days (PND) 1, 3, 5, and 7. On PND90, the rats were mated to evaluate their reproductive performance on gestational day (GD) 19 and their ovarian steroid serum levels, endometrial proliferation and implantation-associated proteins on GD5. DES and endosulfan decreased the pregnancy rate and the number of implantation sites. On GD5, DES and endosulfan did not change the serum levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P); the endometrial proliferation decreased, which was associated with silencing of Hoxa10 in the Endo600-treated rats. Both doses of endosulfan increased the progesterone receptor (PR) expression, whereas the higher dose led additionally to an increase in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). In the Endo600-treated rats, the down-regulation of Hoxa10 was associated with a deregulation of the steroid receptor coregulators. Alterations in endometrial proliferation and the endocrine pathway of Hoxa10/steroid receptors/coregulators might be the mechanism of endosulfan-induced implantation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Milesi
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Alarcón
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jorge G Ramos
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique H Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Varayoud
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Tang J, Xiang L, Zhao F, Pan F, Wang S, Zhan X. Development of an Up-Conversion Homogenous Immunoassay for the Determination of Diethylstilbestrol in Water. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.961605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Use of ovary culture techniques in reproductive toxicology. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 49:117-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Galliano D, Bellver J, Díaz-García C, Simón C, Pellicer A. ART and uterine pathology: how relevant is the maternal side for implantation? Hum Reprod Update 2014; 21:13-38. [PMID: 25155826 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assisted reproduction technology (ART) has become a standard treatment for infertile couples. Increased success rates obtained over the years have resulted primarily from improved embryo quality, but implantation rates still remain lower than expected. The uterus, an important player in implantation, has been frequently neglected. While a number of uterine pathologies have been associated with decreased natural fertility, less information exists regarding the impact of these pathologies in ART. This report reviews the evidence to help clinicians advise ART patients. METHODS An electronic search of PubMed and EMBASE was performed to identify articles in the English, French or Spanish language published until May 2014 which addressed uterine pathology and ART. Data from natural conception were used only in the absence of data from ART. Studies were classified in decreasing categories: RCTs, prospective controlled trials, prospective non-controlled trials, retrospective studies and experimental studies. Studies included in lower categories were only used if insufficient evidence was available. Pooled data were obtained from systematic reviews with meta-analyses when available. The summary of the evidence for the different outcomes and the degree of the recommendation for interventions were based on the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) statement recommendations. RESULTS There is strong evidence that surrogacy is effective for uterine agenesia. For the remaining pathologies, however, there is very little evidence that the established treatments improve outcomes, or that these pathologies have a negative effect on ART. In the presence of an apparently normal uterus, assessing endometrial receptivity (ER) is the goal; however diagnostic tests are still under development. CONCLUSIONS The real effect of different uterine/endometrial integrity pathologies on ART is not known. Moreover, currently proposed treatments are not based on solid evidence, and little can be done to assess ER in normal or abnormal conditions. No strong recommendations can be given based on the published experience, bringing an urgent need for well-designed studies. In this context, we propose algorithms to study the uterus in ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Galliano
- Department of Reproduction, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - José Bellver
- Department of Reproduction, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), Valencia 46015, Spain
| | - César Díaz-García
- Woman's Health Department, Hospital Politécnico y Universitario La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain
| | - Carlos Simón
- Department of Reproduction, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), Valencia 46015, Spain IVI Foundation, Valencia 46015, Spain
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- Department of Reproduction, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), Valencia 46015, Spain Woman's Health Department, Hospital Politécnico y Universitario La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain IVI Foundation, Valencia 46015, Spain
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Yoon K, Kwack SJ, Kim HS, Lee BM. Estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals: molecular mechanisms of actions on putative human diseases. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:127-74. [PMID: 24749480 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2014.882194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), including phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), phytoestrogens such as genistein and daidzein, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), are associated with a variety of adverse health effects in organisms or progeny by altering the endocrine system. Environmental estrogens, including BPA, phthalates, and phytoestrogens, are the most extensively studied and are considered to mimic the actions of endogenous estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2). Diverse modes of action of estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) have been described, but the mode of action of estrogenic EDC is postulated to be more complex and needs to be more clearly elucidated. This review examines the adverse effects of estrogenic EDC on male or female reproductive systems and molecular mechanisms underlying EDC effects that modulate ER-mediated signaling. Mechanisms of action for estrogenic EDC may involve both ER-dependent and ER-independent pathways. Recent findings from systems toxicology of examining estrogenic EDC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsil Yoon
- a Lung Cancer Branch , Research Institute, National Cancer Center , Goyang , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
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25
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Xiong P, Gan N, Cui H, Zhou J, Cao Y, Hu F, Li T. Incubation-free electrochemical immunoassay for diethylstilbestrol in milk using gold nanoparticle-antibody conjugates for signal amplification. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-1131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, oestrogen and progesterone were each commonly used to save threatened pregnancies. In the 1940s it was postulated that their combined use would be synergistic and thereby led to the rationale of combined therapy for women who risked miscarriage. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and safety of combined oestrogen and progesterone therapy to prevent miscarriage. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (23 June 2013) CENTRAL (OVID) (The Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 6 of 12), MEDLINE (OVID) (1946 to June Week 2 2013), OLDMEDLINE (1946 to 1965), Embase (1974 to Week 25 2013), Embase Classic (1947 to 1973), CINAHL (1994 to 23 June 2013) and reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of combined oestrogen and progesterone for preventing miscarriage. We included one stratified randomised trial and one quasi-randomised trials. Cluster-randomised trials were eligible for inclusion but none were identified. We excluded studies published only as abstracts.We included studies that compared oestrogen and progesterone versus placebo or no intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and assessed trial quality. Two review authors extracted data. Data were checked for accuracy. MAIN RESULTS Two trials (281 pregnancies and 282 fetuses) met our inclusion criteria. However, the two trials had significant clinical and methodological heterogeneity such that a meta-analysis combining trial data was considered inappropriate.One trial (involving 161 pregnancies) was based on women with a history of diabetes. It showed no statistically significant difference between using combined oestrogen and progestogen and using placebo for all our proposed primary outcomes, namely, miscarriage (risk ratio (RR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32 to 2.80), perinatal death (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.69) and preterm birth (less than 34 weeks of gestation) (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.04). In terms of this review's secondary outcomes, use of combined oestrogen and progestogen was associated with an increased risk of maternal cancer in the reproductive system (RR 6.65, 95% CI 1.56 to 28.29). However, for the outcome of cancer other than that of the reproductive system in mothers, there was no difference between groups. Similarly, there were no differences between the combined oestrogen and progestogen group versus placebo for other secondary outcomes reported: low birthweight of less than 2500 g, genital abnormalities in the offspring, abnormalities other than genital tract in the offspring, cancer in the reproductive system in the offspring, or cancer other than of the reproductive system in the offspring.The second study was based on pregnant women who had undergone in-vitro fertilisation (IVF). This study showed no difference in the rate of miscarriage between the combined oestrogen and progesterone group and the no treatment group (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.85). The study did not report on this review's other primary outcomes (perinatal death or rates of preterm birth), nor on any of our proposed secondary outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is an insufficient evidence from randomised controlled trials to assess the use of combined oestrogen and progesterone for preventing miscarriages. We strongly recommend further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Eung Danforn Lim
- University of New South WalesSouth Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of MedicinePO BOX 3256BlakehurstNew South WalesAustralia2221
| | - Karen KW Ho
- Liverpool HospitalDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's HealthElizabeth StLiverpoolNSWAustralia2170
| | - Nga Chong Lisa Cheng
- University of New South WalesSouth Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of MedicinePO BOX 3256BlakehurstNew South WalesAustralia2221
| | - Felix WS Wong
- School of Women's and Children's HealthDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyFaculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesLiverpoool Hospital, Elizabeth StreetLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia2170
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Slama R, Cordier S. Impact des facteurs environnementaux physiques et chimiques sur le déroulement et les issues de grossesse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 42:413-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reed CE, Fenton SE. Exposure to diethylstilbestrol during sensitive life stages: a legacy of heritable health effects. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART C, EMBRYO TODAY : REVIEWS 2013; 99:134-46. [PMID: 23897597 PMCID: PMC3817964 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a potent estrogen mimic that was predominantly used from the 1940s to the 1970s by pregnant women in hopes of preventing miscarriage. Decades later, DES is known to enhance breast cancer risk in exposed women and cause a variety of birth-related adverse outcomes in their daughters such as spontaneous abortion, second trimester pregnancy loss, preterm delivery, stillbirth, and neonatal death. Additionally, children exposed to DES in utero suffer from sub/infertility and cancer of reproductive tissues. DES is a pinnacle compound that demonstrates the fetal basis of adult disease. The mechanisms of cancer and endocrine disruption induced by DES are not fully understood. Future studies should focus on common target tissue pathways affected and the health of the DES grandchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey E. Reed
- National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratories Branch, Division of the NTP, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratories Branch, Division of the NTP, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Zulfahmi S, Yazan LS, Ithnin H, Armania N. The improvement of in vivo model (Balb/c mice) for cervical carcinogenesis using diethylstilbestrol (DES). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1083-9. [PMID: 23726752 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological cancer and one of the major causes of female cancer-related death worldwide particularly in developing countries. Thus far, there are a few in vivo models have been developed in investigating this type of cancer. In this study, we induced cervical cancer in Balb/c mice by exploiting the carcinogenic property of diestylstilbestrol (DES). The Balb/c pregnant mice were given subcutaneous (SC) injection of 67μg/kg body weight of DES on GD 13, and the mice gave birth approximately at gestation day 19-22. Female offspring were reared and the body weight was recorded once weekly. The female offspring were sacrificed at age of 5 months. Upon termination, blood was collected in a plain tube via cardiac puncture and the reproductive tracts were collected and weighed. The reproductive tract sections were stained using H&E for observation of pathological changes. The progression of disease state was monitored by measuring the level of serum interleukin (IL-6) using the Mouse IL-6 ELISA Assay Kit (BD OptEIA™, USA). All parameters were compared with Not-induced group. The outcome of this study demonstrated a significant difference in body weight gain, reproductive organ weight, diameter of cervix and the level of serum IL-6 in the Induced group as compared to the Not-induced group (P<0.05). Histopathological findings revealed the presence of adenosis only in the Induced group. It shows that DES could be employed as an agent to induce cervical carcinogenesis in animal model. In addition to that, new potential anti-cancer agents from various sources could be further evaluated using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Zulfahmi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia; Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Jalan Pandan Indah, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Romero R, Yeo L, Miranda J, Hassan S, Conde-Agudelo A, Chaiworapongsa T. A blueprint for the prevention of preterm birth: vaginal progesterone in women with a short cervix. J Perinat Med 2013; 41:27-44. [PMID: 23314512 PMCID: PMC4151573 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2012-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, and is the most important challenge to modern obstetrics. A major obstacle has been that preterm birth is treated (implicitly or explicitly) as a single condition. Two thirds of preterm births occur after the spontaneous onset of labor, and the remaining one third after "indicated" preterm birth; however, the causes of spontaneous preterm labor and "indicated" preterm birth are different. Spontaneous preterm birth is a syndrome caused by multiple etiologies, one of which is a decline in progesterone action, which induces cervical ripening. A sonographic short cervix (identified in the midtrimester) is a powerful predictor of spontaneous preterm delivery. Randomized clinical trials and individual patient meta-analyses have shown that vaginal progesterone reduces the rate of preterm delivery at <33 weeks of gestation by 44%, along with the rate of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, respiratory distress syndrome, requirement for mechanical ventilation, and composite neonatal morbidity/mortality score. There is no evidence that 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate can reduce the rate of preterm delivery in women with a short cervix, and therefore, the compound of choice is natural progesterone (not the synthetic progestin). Routine assessment of the risk of preterm birth with cervical ultrasound coupled with vaginal progesterone for women with a short cervix is cost-effective, and the implementation of such a policy is urgently needed. Vaginal progesterone is as effective as cervical cerclage in reducing the rate of preterm delivery in women with a singleton gestation, history of preterm birth, and a short cervix (<25 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jezid Miranda
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Agustin Conde-Agudelo
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Zhu L, Ge G, Liu Y, Guo Z, Peng C, Zhang F, Cao Y, Wu J, Fang Z, Liang X, Yang L. Characterization of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases Involved in Glucuronidation of Diethylstilbestrol in Human Liver and Intestine. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2663-9. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhu
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian,
116023, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian,
116023, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian,
116023, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian,
116023, China
| | - Chengcheng Peng
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian,
116023, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100123, China
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian,
116023, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian,
116023, China
| | - Zhongze Fang
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian,
116023, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian,
116023, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian,
116023, China
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Large MJ, DeMayo FJ. The regulation of embryo implantation and endometrial decidualization by progesterone receptor signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 358:155-65. [PMID: 21821095 PMCID: PMC3256265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During the early stages of pregnancy, fertilized embryos must attach to the uterine epithelium, invade into the underlying uterine stroma, and the stroma must then differentiate in a process termed decidualization in order for a successful pregnancy to be initiated. The steroid hormone progesterone (P4) is an integral mediator of these early pregnancy events, exerting its effects via the progesterone receptor (PR). Insights gained from the use of mouse models and genomic profiling has identified many of the key molecules enlisted by PR to execute the paradigm of early pregnancy. This review describes several of the molecules through which the PR exerts its pleiotropic effects including ligands, receptors, chaperones, signaling proteins and transcription factors. Understanding these molecules and their concatenation is of vital importance to our ability to clinically treat reproductive health problems like infertility and endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Large
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030 (USA)
| | - Francesco J. DeMayo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030 (USA)
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Vandenberg LN, Colborn T, Hayes TB, Heindel JJ, Jacobs DR, Lee DH, Shioda T, Soto AM, vom Saal FS, Welshons WV, Zoeller RT, Myers JP. Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:378-455. [PMID: 22419778 PMCID: PMC3365860 DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1980] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For decades, studies of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology, in particular the dogma of "the dose makes the poison," because EDCs can have effects at low doses that are not predicted by effects at higher doses. Here, we review two major concepts in EDC studies: low dose and nonmonotonicity. Low-dose effects were defined by the National Toxicology Program as those that occur in the range of human exposures or effects observed at doses below those used for traditional toxicological studies. We review the mechanistic data for low-dose effects and use a weight-of-evidence approach to analyze five examples from the EDC literature. Additionally, we explore nonmonotonic dose-response curves, defined as a nonlinear relationship between dose and effect where the slope of the curve changes sign somewhere within the range of doses examined. We provide a detailed discussion of the mechanisms responsible for generating these phenomena, plus hundreds of examples from the cell culture, animal, and epidemiology literature. We illustrate that nonmonotonic responses and low-dose effects are remarkably common in studies of natural hormones and EDCs. Whether low doses of EDCs influence certain human disorders is no longer conjecture, because epidemiological studies show that environmental exposures to EDCs are associated with human diseases and disabilities. We conclude that when nonmonotonic dose-response curves occur, the effects of low doses cannot be predicted by the effects observed at high doses. Thus, fundamental changes in chemical testing and safety determination are needed to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Tufts University, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
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Duhan N, Kadian YS, Dahiya K, Yadav K, Rattan KN. Reproductive Issues in Müllerian Anomalies. J Gynecol Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/gyn.2011.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Duhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Yogender Singh Kadian
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Dahiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kiran Yadav
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kamal Nain Rattan
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Secundo F, Bacigalupo MA, Scalera C, Quici S. Rapid time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for diethylstilbestrol in cow milk samples with a highly luminescent Tb3+ chelate. J Food Compost Anal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Craig ZR, Wang W, Flaws JA. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in ovarian function: effects on steroidogenesis, metabolism and nuclear receptor signaling. Reproduction 2011; 142:633-46. [PMID: 21862696 DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous agents with the ability to interfere with processes regulated by endogenous hormones. One such process is female reproductive function. The major reproductive organ in the female is the ovary. Disruptions in ovarian processes by EDCs can lead to adverse outcomes such as anovulation, infertility, estrogen deficiency, and premature ovarian failure among others. This review summarizes the effects of EDCs on ovarian function by describing how they interfere with hormone signaling via two mechanisms: altering the availability of ovarian hormones, and altering binding and activity of the hormone at the receptor level. Among the chemicals covered are pesticides (e.g. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and methoxychlor), plasticizers (e.g. bisphenol A and phthalates), dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. benzo[a]pyrene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelieann R Craig
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
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Schug TT, Janesick A, Blumberg B, Heindel JJ. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and disease susceptibility. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 127:204-15. [PMID: 21899826 PMCID: PMC3220783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 685] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals have significant impacts on biological systems. Chemical exposures during early stages of development can disrupt normal patterns of development and thus dramatically alter disease susceptibility later in life. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with the body's endocrine system and produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic and immune effects in humans. A wide range of substances, both natural and man-made, are thought to cause endocrine disruption, including pharmaceuticals, dioxin and dioxin-like compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT and other pesticides, and components of plastics such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates. EDCs are found in many everyday products--including plastic bottles, metal food cans, detergents, flame retardants, food additives, toys, cosmetics, and pesticides. EDCs interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, activity, or elimination of natural hormones. This interference can block or mimic hormone action, causing a wide range of effects. This review focuses on the mechanisms and modes of action by which EDCs alter hormone signaling. It also includes brief overviews of select disease endpoints associated with endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus T Schug
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training, Cellular, Organ and Systems Pathobiology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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40
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Lim DCE, Cheng LNC, Ho KKW, Wong FWS. Combined oestrogen and progesterone for preventing miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Običan S, Scialli AR. Teratogenic exposures. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 157C:150-69. [PMID: 21766437 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A consideration of teratogenic exposures includes not only an agent (chemical, radiation, biologic) but an exposure level and timing of exposure. There are criteria by which exposures are evaluated for a causal connection with an abnormal outcome. We here review some teratogenic exposures and discuss how they were initially described and confirmed. We have limited our discussion to some of the exposures for which a connection to structural malformations has been accepted in some quarters, and we indicate some exposures for which a causal association awaits confirmation. We recommend that counselors find a reliable and updatable source of information on exposures during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Običan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences.
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Du L, Cheng S, Wang S. Determination of diethylstilbestrol based on biotin-streptavidin-amplified time-resolved fluoro-immunoassay. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 27:28-33. [PMID: 21695770 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) based on the biotin-streptavidin amplification system was developed for the determination of diethylstilbestrol (DES). Europium-labelled streptavidin derivatives combined with europium and anhydride of diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid were used to label streptavidin; biotin was coupled with goat anti-rabbit IgG to form a biotin-goat anti-rabbit IgG bridge between streptavidin-europium and the anti-DES antibody in the immunoassay. The DES assay was carried out by measuring the fluorescence of Eu(3+) -SA at 615 nm. The presented method produced a wide linear range, 0.001-1000.0 ng/mL, and a detection limit up to 0.81 pg/mL for DES. The method was applied to determine DES in serum samples, with recoveries of 97.4-107.8% and RSD 1.32-4.04%. The assay results by the present method showed that biotin-streptavidin amplified TR-FIA for DES detection; it may offer high sensitivity and promising alternative special methods in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, People's Republic of China
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Franco HL, Dai D, Lee KY, Rubel CA, Roop D, Boerboom D, Jeong JW, Lydon JP, Bagchi IC, Bagchi MK, DeMayo FJ. WNT4 is a key regulator of normal postnatal uterine development and progesterone signaling during embryo implantation and decidualization in the mouse. FASEB J 2010; 25:1176-87. [PMID: 21163860 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-175349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
WNT4, a member of the Wnt family of ligands, is critical for the development of the female reproductive tract. Analysis of Wnt4 expression in the adult uterus during pregnancy indicates that it may play a role in the regulation of endometrial stromal cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, which is required to support the developing embryo. To investigate the role of Wnt4 in adult uterine physiology, conditional ablation of Wnt4 using the PR(cre) mouse model was accomplished. Ablation of Wnt4 rendered female mice subfertile due to a defect in embryo implantation and subsequent defects in endometrial stromal cell survival, differentiation, and responsiveness to progesterone signaling. In addition to altered stromal cell function, the uteri of PR(cre/+)Wnt4(f/f) (Wnt4(d/d)) mice displayed altered epithelial differentiation characterized by a reduction in the number of uterine glands and the emergence of a p63-positive basal cell layer beneath the columnar luminal epithelial cells. The altered epithelial cell phenotype was further escalated by chronic estrogen treatment, which caused squamous cell metaplasia of the uterine epithelium in the Wnt4(d/d) mice. Thus, WNT4 is a critical regulator not only of proper postnatal uterine development, but also embryo implantation and decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Franco
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Zama AM, Uzumcu M. Epigenetic effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on female reproduction: an ovarian perspective. Front Neuroendocrinol 2010; 31:420-39. [PMID: 20609371 PMCID: PMC3009556 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The link between in utero and neonatal exposure to environmental toxicants, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and adult female reproductive disorders is well established in both epidemiological and animal studies. Recent studies examining the epigenetic mechanisms involved in mediating the effects of EDCs on female reproduction are gathering momentum. In this review, we describe the developmental processes that are susceptible to EDC exposures in female reproductive system, with a special emphasis on the ovary. We discuss studies with select EDCs that have been shown to have physiological and correlated epigenetic effects in the ovary, neuroendocrine system, and uterus. Importantly, EDCs that can directly target the ovary can alter epigenetic mechanisms in the oocyte, leading to transgenerational epigenetic effects. The potential mechanisms involved in such effects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Mahakali Zama
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8525, USA
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Titus-Ernstoff L, Troisi R, Hatch EE, Palmer JR, Hyer M, Kaufman R, Adam E, Noller K, Hoover RN. Birth defects in the sons and daughters of women who were exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DES). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 33:377-84. [PMID: 20002218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2009.01010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) is associated with adverse health outcomes, including anatomic anomalies of the reproductive tract in women and of the genitourinary tract in men. The mouse model, which replicates many DES-related effects seen in humans, suggests that prenatal DES exposure causes alterations that may affect the next generation of offspring. We asked women participating in a large, multi-centre study of prenatal DES exposure to report birth defects occurring among 4029 sons and 3808 daughters (i.e., the third generation). A subcohort of 793 third generation daughters was also queried for birth defects. We used logistic regression models to generate odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for the association between prenatal DES exposure in the mother and birth defects in the offspring. Based on the mothers' reports, overall birth defects were elevated in the sons (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.23) and in the daughters (OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.44, 3.82). Most estimates of association were imprecise, but daughters appeared to have an excess of heart conditions (OR = 4.56; 95% CI = 1.27, 16.34). Our data suggest a possible association between the mother's prenatal DES exposure and birth defects in their offspring, particularly in daughters. We cannot, however, rule-out the possible influence of reporting bias. In particular, the exposed daughters' elevated risk of cardiac defects may be as a result of the underreporting of these conditions by unexposed mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Titus-Ernstoff
- Departments of Community and Family Medicine and of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Medical School, and the Hood Center for Children and Families, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA.
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Atabekoğlu CS, Gözükuçük M, Ozkavukçu S, Sönmezer M. Rare presentation of ectopic pregnancy following IVF-ET: live twin gestation in the same fallopian tube. HUM FERTIL 2009; 12:122-4. [PMID: 19802963 DOI: 10.1080/14647270902852812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a twin ectopic pregnancy (EP) after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). A 24-year-old nulligravida presented with lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding 4 weeks after embryo transfer. Serum beta-HCG levels were 40 IU/mL, 90 IU/mL, and 1970 IU/mL on ET days 12, 14, and 23, respectively. Ultrasound examination revealed two ectopic gestational sacs with fetal heart beats in the left adnexa, without evidence of intrauterine pregnancy. At laparoscopy, one isthmic and another ampullary sac were detected in the left tube and left salpingectomy was performed. The patient was discharged healthy on postoperative day 2. Albeit extremely rare, ectopic pregnancies with abnormal presentation can be encountered following IVF-ET. Single embryo transfer may be advised to protect from ectopic pregnancies after IVF-ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Somer Atabekoğlu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Greathouse KL, Cook JD, Lin K, Davis BJ, Berry TD, Bredfeldt TG, Walker CL. Identification of uterine leiomyoma genes developmentally reprogrammed by neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Reprod Sci 2009; 15:765-78. [PMID: 19017814 DOI: 10.1177/1933719108322440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposures during development can alter susceptibility later in life to adult diseases including uterine leiomyoma, a phenomenon termed developmental reprogramming. The goal of this study was to identify genes developmentally reprogrammed by diethylstilbestrol (DES) and aberrantly expressed in leiomyomas. Transcriptional profiling identified 171 genes differentially expressed in leiomyomas relative to normal myometrium, of which 6/18 genes with putative estrogen responsive elements and confirmed to be estrogen-responsive in neonatal uteri were reprogrammed by neonatal DES exposure. Calbindin D9k and Dio2, normally induced by estrogen, exhibited elevated expression in DES-exposed animals during both phases of the estrus cycle. Gdf10, Car8, Gria2, and Mmp3, genes normally repressed by estrogen, exhibited elevated expression in DES-exposed animals during the proliferative phase, when estrogen is highest. These data demonstrate that neonatal DES exposure causes reprogramming of estrogen-responsive genes expressed in uterine leiomyomas, leading to over-expression of these genes in the myometrium of exposed animals prior to the onset of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Greathouse
- Department of Carcinogenesis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park Research Division, Smithville, Texas, USA
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Development of an in vitro test battery for assessing chemical effects on bovine germ cells under the ReProTect umbrella. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 233:360-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Crain DA, Janssen SJ, Edwards TM, Heindel J, Ho SM, Hunt P, Iguchi T, Juul A, McLachlan JA, Schwartz J, Skakkebaek N, Soto AM, Swan S, Walker C, Woodruff TK, Woodruff TJ, Giudice LC, Guillette LJ. Female reproductive disorders: the roles of endocrine-disrupting compounds and developmental timing. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:911-40. [PMID: 18929049 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible role of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) on female reproductive disorders emphasizing developmental plasticity and the complexity of endocrine-dependent ontogeny of reproductive organs. Declining conception rates and the high incidence of female reproductive disruptions warrant evaluation of the impact of EDCs on female reproductive health. DESIGN Publications related to the contribution of EDCs to disorders of the ovary (aneuploidy, polycystic ovary syndrome, and altered cyclicity), uterus (endometriosis, uterine fibroids, fetal growth restriction, and pregnancy loss), breast (breast cancer, reduced duration of lactation), and pubertal timing were identified, reviewed, and summarized at a workshop. CONCLUSION(S) The data reviewed illustrate that EDCs contribute to numerous human female reproductive disorders and emphasize the sensitivity of early life-stage exposures. Many research gaps are identified that limit full understanding of the contribution of EDCs to female reproductive problems. Moreover, there is an urgent need to reduce the incidence of these reproductive disorders, which can be addressed by correlative studies on early life exposure and adult reproductive dysfunction together with tools to assess the specific exposures and methods to block their effects. This review of the EDC literature as it relates to female health provides an important platform on which women's health can be improved.
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