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Parini P. HDL, reverse cholesterol transport, and atherosclerosis: Unravelling the complexity or adding to the confusion? Atherosclerosis 2024; 397:118562. [PMID: 39137620 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Dept of Medicine and Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; and Medical Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Sanz JM, D'Amuri A, Sergi D, Angelini S, Fortunato V, Favari E, Vigna G, Zuliani G, Dalla Nora E, Passaro A. Cholesterol efflux capacity is increased in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia in a retrospective case-control study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8415. [PMID: 37225774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by an increase in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) and by premature Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). However, it remains to be fully elucidated if FH impairs cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), and whether CEC is related to lipoprotein subfraction distribution. This study aimed at comparing FH patients and age, sex and BMI matched controls in terms of LDL and HDL subfraction distribution as well as CEC. Forty FH patients and 80 controls, matched for age, sex and BMI, were enrolled in this case-control study. LDL and HDL subfractions were analyzed using the Quantimetrix Lipoprint System. CEC was evaluated as aq-CEC and ABCA1-CEC. FH subjects showed a significantly higher concentration of all LDL subfractions, and a shift from large to small HDL subfraction pattern relative to controls. FH subjects with previous CVD event had smaller LDL lipoproteins than controls and FH subjects without previous CVD event. Both aq-CEC and ABCA1-CEC were increased in FH patients with respect to controls. To conclude, FH subjects had a metabolic profile characterized not only by higher LDL-C but also by shift from large to small HDL subfraction phenotype. However, FH subjects showed an increase CEC than controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea D'Amuri
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sharon Angelini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Fortunato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elda Favari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vigna
- Medicina Generale, Ospedale di Trecenta, Via U. Grisetti, 265, 45027, Trecenta, RO, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124, Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Research and Innovation Section, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124, Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
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3
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Králová A, Kubátová H, Kauerová S, Janoušek L, Froněk J, Králová Lesná I, Poledne R. Cholesterol efflux and macrophage polarization in human adipose tissue. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory status of adipose tissue (AT) has been found to be related to reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) from peritoneal macrophages. However, this finding was made in experimental models using induced peritonitis and isolated peritoneal macrophages of animals. This experimental relationship is in agreement with RCT changes in man in two extreme situations, sepsis or cardiovascular complications.
Given the above, we sought to test RTC in relationship to macrophage polarization in the visceral AT (VAT) of living kidney donors (LKDs) and the effect of conditioned media obtained from their AT. The influence of ATCM on CE capacity was first assessed in an experiment where standard plasma was used as cholesterol acceptor from [14C] cholesterol labeled THP-1 cells. Conditioned media as a product of LKDs’ incubated AT showed no effect on CE. Likewise, we did not find any effect of individual plasma of LKDs on CE when individual plasma of LKDs were used as acceptors. On the other hand, we documented an effect of LKDs’ adipose cell size on CE. Our results indicate that the pro-inflammatory status of human AT is not likely induced by disrupted RCT but might be influenced by the metabolic status of LKDs’ adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R Poledne
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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4
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Napolitano G, Fasciolo G, Tomajoli MTM, Carlucci A, Ascione E, Salvatore A. Effects of superoxide anion attack on the lipoprotein HDL. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1059-1066. [PMID: 36219354 PMCID: PMC10126046 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an anti-atherosclerotic lipoprotein. Thanks to the activity of apolipoprotein ApoA1, the principal protein component of HDL, this last is responsible for converting cholesterol into ester form and transporting excessive cholesterol to the liver ("reverse cholesterol transport" RCT). When HDL undergoes oxidation, it becomes dysfunctional and proatherogenic. ApoA1 is a target of oxidation, and its alteration affects RCT and contributes to atherosclerosis development. Until now, the mechanism of HDL oxidation is not fully understood and only hydroxyl radicals seem to induce direct oxidation of protein and lipidic components of lipoproteins. Here we demonstrate that superoxide radical, widely produced in early atherosclerosis, directly oxidizes HDL, and as a consequence, ApoA1 undergoes structural alterations impairing its anti-atherosclerotic functions. Our results highlight in an in vitro system the potential mechanism by which O2·- triggers atherosclerotic pathogenesis in vivo. Our study gets the basis for therapeutic approaches focused on the management of superoxide generation in early atherosclerosis onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetana Napolitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, via Acton n. 38-I, 80133, Naples, Italy.
- International PhD Programme/UNESCO Chair "Environment, Resources and Sustainable Development", Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Fasciolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Muscari Tomajoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, via Acton n. 38-I, 80133, Naples, Italy
- International PhD Programme/UNESCO Chair "Environment, Resources and Sustainable Development", Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carlucci
- S. Antimo Industrial Development Department, Kedrion Biopharma, Strada Statale 7 Bis 19, Sant'Antimo, 80029, Napoli, Italia
| | - Ester Ascione
- S. Antimo Industrial Development Department, Kedrion Biopharma, Strada Statale 7 Bis 19, Sant'Antimo, 80029, Napoli, Italia
| | - Alfonso Salvatore
- S. Antimo Industrial Development Department, Kedrion Biopharma, Strada Statale 7 Bis 19, Sant'Antimo, 80029, Napoli, Italia
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5
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Wu CC, Cheng YH, Chen KH, Chien CT. Deep Sea Water-Dissolved Organic Matter Intake Improves Hyperlipidemia and Inhibits Thrombus Formation and Vascular Inflammation in High-Fat Diet Hamsters. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:82. [PMID: 35054478 PMCID: PMC8778340 DOI: 10.3390/life12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease caused by oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid deposition within liver cells, and is subsequently contributing to cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Deep sea water (DSW) is characterized by its clearance and abundant nutrients with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity to confer therapeutic potential. We aimed to explore the therapeutic capability of our prepared multi-filtration DSW-dissolved organic matter (DSW-DOM) on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and endothelial dysfunction in hamsters. A high-fat/high-cholesterol diet led to increased oxidative stress, including blood reactive oxygen species (ROS), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and hepatic CYP2E1 expression; an increased hyperlipidemic profile and SREBP 1-mediated fatty liver; promoted NFκB p65-mediated hepatic inflammation; triggered PARP-mediated hepatic apoptosis; and enhanced endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and von Willebrand factor (VWF)-mediated atherosclerosis associated with the depressed hepatic antioxidant Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) expression. The DSW-DOM-enriched 1295 fraction, with strong H2O2 scavenging activity, efficiently reduced several oxidative stress parameters, the lipid profile, inflammation, and apoptosis, possibly through the PON1-mediated antioxidant capability. Furthermore, DSW-DOM treatment significantly decreased the endothelial ICAM-1 and VWF expression, subsequently leading to the elongation of time to occlusion of FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis and to the inhibition of FeCl3-induced fluorescent platelet adhesion to mesentery arterioles in the high-fat diet. Based on the above results, our data suggest that DSW-DOM intake via antioxidant defense mechanisms confers protective effects against high-fat diet-enhanced, oxidative stress-mediated hyperlipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction evoked atherosclerosis by downregulating oxidative injury, lipogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Wu
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Kuo-Hsin Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22056, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City 32003, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
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6
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Zvintzou E, Karampela DS, Vakka A, Xepapadaki E, Karavia EA, Hatziri A, Giannopoulou PC, Kypreos KE. High density lipoprotein in atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease: Where do we stand today? Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 141:106928. [PMID: 34695591 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies during the last five years suggest that a relation between high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) does exist but follows rather a "U-shaped" curve with an optimal range of HDL-C concentration between 40 and 70 mg/dl for men and 50-70 mg/dl for women. Moreover, as research in the field of lipoproteins progresses it becomes increasingly apparent that HDL particles possess different attributes and depending on their structural and functional characteristics, they may be "antiatherogenic" or "proatherogenic". In light of this information, it is highly doubtful that the choice of experimental drugs and the design of respective clinical trials that put the HDL-C raising hypothesis at test, were the most suitable. Here, we compile the existing literature on HDL, providing a critical up-to-date view that focuses on key data from the biochemistry, epidemiology and pharmacology of HDL, including data from clinical trials. We also discuss the most up-to-date information on the contribution of HDL structure and function to the prevention of atherosclerosis. We conclude by summarizing important differences between mouse models and humans, that may explain why pharmacological successes in mice turn out to be failures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Zvintzou
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | | | - Aggeliki Vakka
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Eva Xepapadaki
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Eleni A Karavia
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Hatziri
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Panagiota C Giannopoulou
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece; European University Cyprus, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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7
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Ding C, Chen Y, Shi Y, Li M, Hu L, Zhou W, Wang T, Zhu L, Huang X, Bao H, Cheng X. Association between nontraditional lipid profiles and peripheral arterial disease in Chinese adults with hypertension. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:231. [PMID: 33143696 PMCID: PMC7640397 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the relationship between nontraditional lipid profiles [total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratio, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C)] and the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) are limited. The present study investigated the relationship of nontraditional lipid indices with PAD in hypertensive patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed among 10,900 adults with hypertension. Participants were diagnosed with PAD when their ankle-brachial index (ABI) was < 0.9. The association between nontraditional lipid profiles and PAD was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis and the restricted cubic spline. RESULTS All nontraditional lipid indices were independently and positively associated with PAD in a dose-response fashion. After multivariable adjustment, the per SD increments of the TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios and non-HDL-C were all significantly associated with 37, 14, 40, and 24% higher risk for PAD, respectively. The adjusted ORs (95% CI) for PAD were 1.77 (1.31, 2.40), 1.71 (1.25, 2.34), 2.03 (1.50, 2.74), and 1.70 (1.25, 2.31) when comparing the highest tertile to the lowest tertile of the TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios and non-HDL-C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Among Chinese hypertensive adults, all nontraditional lipid indices were positively associated with PAD, and the LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratios were better than the other nontraditional lipid indices for predicting PAD. These findings may improve the risk stratification of cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia management. TRIAL REGISTRATION CHiCTR, ChiCTR1800017274 . Registered 20 July 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lingjuan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huihui Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China. .,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China. .,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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8
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Temporal Dynamics of High-Density Lipoprotein Proteome in Diet-Controlled Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040520. [PMID: 32235466 PMCID: PMC7226298 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of mild hyperglycemia on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and kinetics in diet-controlled subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). 2H2O-labeling coupled with mass spectrometry was applied to quantify HDL cholesterol turnover and HDL proteome dynamics in subjects with T2D (n = 9) and age- and BMI-matched healthy controls (n = 8). The activities of lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), and the proinflammatory index of HDL were quantified. Plasma adiponectin levels were reduced in subjects with T2D, which was directly associated with suppressed ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL. The fractional catabolic rates of HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II), ApoJ, ApoA-IV, transthyretin, complement C3, and vitamin D-binding protein (all p < 0.05) were increased in subjects with T2D. Despite increased HDL flux of acute-phase HDL proteins, there was no change in the proinflammatory index of HDL. Although LCAT and CETP activities were not affected in subjects with T2D, LCAT was inversely associated with blood glucose and CETP was inversely associated with plasma adiponectin. The degradation rates of ApoA-II and ApoA-IV were correlated with hemoglobin A1c. In conclusion, there were in vivo impairments in HDL proteome dynamics and HDL metabolism in diet-controlled patients with T2D.
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9
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McCullough A, Previs SF, Dasarathy J, Lee K, Osme A, Kim C, Ilchenko S, Lorkowski SW, Smith JD, Dasarathy S, Kasumov T. HDL flux is higher in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E852-E862. [PMID: 31503515 PMCID: PMC6879863 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00193.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Even though high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a CVD protective marker, is decreased, whether HDL metabolism and function are perturbed in NAFLD are currently unknown. We examined the effect of NAFLD and disease severity on HDL metabolism and function in patients with biopsy-proven simple steatosis (SS), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and healthy controls. HDL turnover and HDL protein dynamics in SS (n = 7), NASH (n = 8), and healthy controls (n = 9) were studied in vivo. HDL maturation and remodeling, antioxidant, cholesterol efflux properties, and activities of lecithin-cholesterol ester acyltransferase and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) were quantified using in vitro assays. All patients with NAFLD had increased turnover of both HDL cholesterol (HDLc; 0.16 ± 0.09 vs. 0.34 ± 0.18 days, P < 0.05) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoAI) (0.26 ± 0.04 vs. 0.34 ± 0.06 days, P < 0.005) compared with healthy controls. The fractional catabolic rates of other HDL proteins, including ApoAII (and ApoAIV) were higher (P < 0.05) in patients with NAFLD who also had higher CETP activity, ApoAI/HDLc ratio (P < 0.05). NAFLD-induced alterations were associated with lower antioxidant (114.2 ± 46.6 vs. 220.5 ± 48.2 nmol·mL-1·min-1) but higher total efflux properties of HDL (23.4 ± 1.3% vs. 25.5 ± 2.3%) (both P < 0.05), which was more pronounced in individuals with NASH. However, no differences were observed in either HDL turnover, antioxidant, and cholesterol efflux functions of HDL or HDL proteins' turnover between subjects with SS and subjects with NASH. Thus, HDL metabolism and function are altered in NAFLD without any significant differences between SS and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kwangwon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Abdullah Osme
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Chunki Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Serguei Ilchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Shuhui W Lorkowski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
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10
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Shimizu T, Miyazaki O, Iwamoto T, Usui T, Sato R, Hiraishi C, Yoshida H. A new method for measuring cholesterol efflux capacity uses stable isotope-labeled, not radioactive-labeled, cholesterol. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1959-1967. [PMID: 31455616 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d086884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular events correlates inversely with cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) more than with HDL-cholesterol level. The measurement of CEC is used to qualify cardiovascular disease risk and is conventionally performed with radioisotope (RI)-labeled cholesterol. Here, we established a CEC measurement technique using stable isotope-labeled cholesterol as an alternative, and we compared the new method with RI and fluorescence (boron dipyrromethene difluoride-cholesterol) methods in cells and in patient serum. We incubated J774 cells labeled with [d 7]cholesterol ([d 7]C) with patient serum depleted of apoB, and [d 7]C extracted from the culture medium was quantified by liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. [d 7]C efflux increased with greater apoB-depleted serum concentration and longer incubation time. The assay coefficient of variation (CV) of five consecutive measurements of three sets of samples ranged from 7.3% to 9.5%, and the interassay CV determined by measuring three samples four times ranged from 4.1% to 8.5%, both indicating good precision. We then measured CEC levels of 41 outpatients with serum HDL-cholesterol levels between 36 and 94 mg/dl (mean: 61.7 ± 18.0 mg/dl); in the presence of cAMP, we observed a significant, positive correlation between CEC levels determined with the stable isotope and RI methods that was stronger than the correlation between measurements obtained by the fluorescence and RI methods (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001 vs. r = 0.55, P < 0.001). Therefore, our stable isotope method can be considered useful as a non-RI method and thus deserves evaluation in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Shimizu
- Tsukuba Research Institute Research & Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd.
| | - Osamu Miyazaki
- Tsukuba Research Institute Research & Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd
| | - Takeo Iwamoto
- Core Research Facilities for Basic Science The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Usui
- Tsukuba Research Institute Research & Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd
| | - Ryo Sato
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Internal Medicine of Metabolism and Nutrition, The Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chika Hiraishi
- Internal Medicine of Metabolism and Nutrition, The Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan .,Internal Medicine of Metabolism and Nutrition, The Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Xepapadaki E, Zvintzou E, Kalogeropoulou C, Filou S, Kypreos KE. Τhe Antioxidant Function of HDL in Atherosclerosis. Angiology 2019; 71:112-121. [PMID: 31185723 DOI: 10.1177/0003319719854609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multistep process that progresses over a long period of time and displays a broad range of severity. In its final form, it manifests as a lesion of the intimal layer of the arterial wall. There is strong evidence supporting that oxidative stress contributes to coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality and antioxidant high-density lipoprotein (HDL) could have a beneficial role in the prevention and prognosis of the disease. Indeed, certain subspecies of HDL may act as natural antioxidants preventing oxidation of lipids on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and biological membranes. The antioxidant function may be attributed to inhibition of synthesis or neutralization of free radicals and reactive oxygen species by HDL lipids and associated enzymes or transfer of oxidation prone lipids from LDL and biological membranes to HDL for catabolism. A limited number of clinical trials suggest that the increased antioxidant potential of HDL correlates with decreased risk for atherosclerosis. Some nutritional interventions to increase HDL antioxidant activity have been proposed with limited success so far. The limitations in measuring and understanding HDL antioxidant function in vivo are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Xepapadaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
| | - Evangelia Zvintzou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
| | | | - Serafoula Filou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
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12
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Camacho-Cardenosa A, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Olcina G, Timón R, Brazo-Sayavera J. Detraining effect on overweight/obese women after high-intensity interval training in hypoxia. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:535-543. [PMID: 30615248 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Promising benefits on fat mass and biochemical components may be reported after applying programs of cyclic hypoxia and HIIT. AIM To investigate the effect of a month of detraining on cardiometabolic risk markers after active hypoxia exposure. METHODS Participants included 59 overweight/obese women, who started a 12-week program of 36 sessions, and were randomly divided into four groups: (a) aerobic interval training in hypoxia (AitH; FiO2 = 17.2%; n = 13), (b) aerobic interval training in normoxia (AitN; n = 15), (c) sprint interval training in hypoxia (SitH; FiO2 = 17.2%; n = 15), and (d) sprint interval training in normoxia (SitN; n = 18). Body composition, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline (A), after 36 training sessions (B) and after 4 weeks of detraining (C). RESULTS Hypoxia conditions showed a significant positive effect on waist circumference (P = 0.01), WHR (P = 0.04), and percentage of trunk fat mass (P < 0.001). The percentage of trunk fat continued to decrease significantly after training cessation in both AitH and SitH groups. CONCLUSION After 4 weeks of detraining with a previous 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training under cyclic normobaric hypoxia, the percentage of fat mass located in the trunk decreases significantly and this effect was not observed in the normoxia groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillermo Olcina
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Timón
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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13
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Beyond Statins: Emerging Evidence for HDL-Increasing Therapies and Diet in Treating Cardiovascular Disease. Adv Prev Med 2018; 2018:6024747. [PMID: 30112217 PMCID: PMC6077683 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6024747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the United States. Current attempts to treat atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease often involve pharmaceutical and surgical treatments. While these treatments are successful in managing the pain from coronary heart disease, they do little to prevent or stop it. There are a number of clinical strategies that are currently being researched to treat atherosclerosis through HDL-increasing therapies. These clinical studies have shown positive effects through nutritional intervention, exercise, stress reduction, and tobacco and alcohol cessation. These treatment options are explored in greater detail, including their potential to halt and even reverse atherosclerosis. The results from these recent studies and how they relate to the mechanism of reverse cholesterol transport are also critically examined. Reverse cholesterol transport is a multistep process resulting in the net movement of cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver via the plasma. The mechanism of reverse cholesterol transport is also further explored in this review.
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Cartolano FDC, Pappiani C, Freitas MCPD, Figueiredo Neto AM, Carioca AAF, Damasceno NRT. Is Lipid Accumulation Product Associated with an Atherogenic Lipoprotein Profile in Brazilian Subjects? Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 110:339-347. [PMID: 29791572 PMCID: PMC5941956 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid accumulation product (LAP), a simple and low-cost tool, is a novel
biomarker of central lipid accumulation and represents a potential surrogate
marker for atherogenic lipoprotein profile. However, its association with
lipoprotein subfractions has not been described in the literature. Objective To determine whether LAP index could be used as a marker of low- and
high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) size in Brazilian individuals. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients (n = 351) of both sexes and age
between 30-74 years. Clinical and sociodemographic data and family history
of diseases were evaluated. Lipoprotein size, and levels of total
cholesterol (TC), lipoproteins, apolipoprotein AI and B (APO AI/APO B),
glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and non-esterified
fatty acids (NEFA) were assessed in blood samples. LAP was calculated by the
formulas [(waist circumference[cm]-58)
× (triglycerides[mmol/L]) for women and
(waist circumference [cm]-65) ×
(triglycerides [mmol/L]) for men]. The
association between LAP and metabolic parameters were tested by linear trend
(general linear model, GLM test) before and after multiple adjustments for
potential confounders (sex, age, smoking, statin, fibrate, and hypoglycemic
drugs) at significant level p < 0.05. Results LAP was positively associated with TC, APO B, NEFA, glucose, insulin and
HOMA-IR values, and negatively associated with HDL-C. Higher central lipid
accumulation was corelated with higher percentage of intermediate HDL and of
small LDL and HDL and less amount of large HDL. LDL size was also reduced in
greater LAP index values. The negative impact of LAP was maintained after
adjustment for multiple variables. Conclusion LAP was robustly associated with atherogenic profile of lipoprotein
subfractions, independently of multiple confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Pappiani
- Faculdade de Saúde Publica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Sviridov D, Mukhamedova N. Cdc42 - A tryst between host cholesterol metabolism and infection. Small GTPases 2018; 9:237-241. [PMID: 27580266 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1223533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence points to an important connection between pathogenesis of intracellular infections and host cholesterol metabolism. In our study we demonstrated that human cytomegalovirus exploits host small GTPase Cdc42 to hijack cellular cholesterol efflux pathway. It appears that the virus uses host machinery to stimulate cholesterol efflux by modifying lipid rafts and altering properties of plasma membrane, but the altered pathway is controlled by the viral protein US28 instead of the host ATP binding cassette transporter A1. We speculate that virus-controlled remodeling of plasma membrane facilitates immune evasion, exocytosis of viral proteins and cell-to-cell transmission of human cytomegalovirus. These mechanisms may be not unique for the cytomegalovirus and subverting reverse cholesterol transport pathway may be a generic mechanism used by pathogens to alter properties of host plasma membrane adapting it for their purposes-to hide and disseminate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Sviridov
- a Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
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16
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Pala D, Barbosa PO, Silva CT, de Souza MO, Freitas FR, Volp ACP, Maranhão RC, Freitas RND. Açai ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) dietary intake affects plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, cholesteryl ester transfer to high-density lipoprotein and redox metabolism: A prospective study in women. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:618-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Vargas-Alarcon G, Perez-Mendez O, Herrera-Maya G, Garcia-Sanchez C, Martinez-Rios MA, Peña-Duque MA, Posadas-Sanchez R, Posadas-Romero C, Escobedo G, Fragoso JM. CETP and LCAT Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with High-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses and Acute Coronary Syndrome. Lipids 2018; 53:157-166. [PMID: 29570220 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated whether CETP and LCAT gene polymorphisms are statistically associated with the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) size distribution, the cholesterol level of HDL subclasses, and the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) susceptibility. Two CETP gene polymorphisms (rs4783961 and rs708272) and one LCAT polymorphism (rs2292318) were genotyped by 5' exonuclease TaqMan assays in 619 patients with ACS and 607 control individuals. For HDL analysis, a subgroup of 100 healthy individuals was recruited; the HDL subclasses were separated via ultracentrifugation and polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis under native conditions. Under a dominant model, the G allele of the rs708272 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of ACS (odds ratios [OR] = 1.45, corrected p-value [pCDom ] = 0.036). The linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that one of the eight possible combinations was associated with the risk of developing ACS (OR = 1.52, pC = 0.02), which suggests that it may contribute to coronary atherosclerosis. The rs708272 G allele carriers had a lower concentration of cholesterol associated with the HDL2a and HDL3a subclasses when compared with subjects carrying the A allele. Carriers of LCAT rs2292318 A allele showed a lower concentration of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in comparison to the GG genotype; the cholesterol associated with the each one of the five HDL subclasses was significantly lower in rs2292318 A than in GG subjects. In summary, this study demonstrates that the rs708272 polymorphism is associated with a heightened risk of developing ACS. In addition, we report the association of the rs708272 and rs2292318 polymorphisms with HDL-C levels and HDL subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Vargas-Alarcon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.,Atherosclerosis Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, México City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Perez-Mendez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.,Atherosclerosis Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, México City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Herrera-Maya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Garcia-Sanchez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Marco Antonio Peña-Duque
- Interventional Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Posadas-Sanchez
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Posadas-Romero
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Hospital General de Mexico, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Manuel Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.,Atherosclerosis Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, México City, Mexico
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Rashad H, Metwally FM, Ezzat SM, Salama MM, Hasheesh A, Abdel Motaal A. Randomized double-blinded pilot clinical study of the antidiabetic activity of Balanites aegyptiaca and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS identification of its metabolites. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1954-1961. [PMID: 28724331 PMCID: PMC6130648 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1354388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Balanites aegyptiaca Del. (Zygophyllaceae) fruits are traditionally known for the treatment of hyperglycaemia. Several in vitro and in vivo studies proposed some mechanisms of action. However, clinical trials in human beings were never reported to date. OBJECTIVES To investigate the antidiabetic efficacy of the 70% ethanol extract of the pericarps of B. aegyptiaca (BE) within a nutritional intervention in elderly people. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-performance electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis was used for metabolic profiling of BE which was incorporated in hard gelatine capsules (400 mg/day) and tested on 30 type 2 diabetes (T2D) Egyptian patients for 8 weeks. According to sex, age and body mass index participants were divided into two equivalent groups, placebo and treatment. RESULTS Thirteen compounds were identified in BE using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis among which five steroidal saponins, seven phenolic compounds and a sterol glucoside. At the end of the 8-week treatment, the treated group showed 26.88% decrease in 2 h postprandial plasma glucose relative to 2.6% increase in the placebo group, while fasting plasma glucose was reduced to 10.3%. Treatment with BE capsules for 8 weeks produced significant reduction in the plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 9.0, 12.76 and 21.35%, respectively, with 29.8% increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Plasma alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were reduced by 42.6 and 43.3%, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Administration of the BE capsules to T2D resulted in significant improvements in the glycaemic markers and the lipid profile, without adverse effects or hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Rashad
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine , National Research Center , Dokki , Egypt
| | - Fateheya M Metwally
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine , National Research Center , Dokki , Egypt
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Maha M Salama
- b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Adel Hasheesh
- c Department of Research on children with special needs , National Research Center , Dokki , Egypt
| | - Amira Abdel Motaal
- b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
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19
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Khalil A, Kamtchueng Simo O, Ikhlef S, Berrougui H. The role of paraoxonase 1 in regulating high-density lipoprotein functionality during aging. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1254-1262. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological interventions to increase the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have led to disappointing results and have contributed to the emergence of the concept of HDL functionality. The anti-atherogenic activity of HDLs can be explained by their functionality or quality. The capacity of HDLs to maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis and to transport cholesterol from peripheral cells to the liver for elimination is one of their principal anti-atherogenic activities. However, HDLs possess several other attributes that contribute to their protective effect against cardiovascular diseases. HDL functionality is regulated by various proteins and lipids making up HDL particles. However, several studies investigated the role of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and suggest a significant role of this protein in the regulation of the functionality of HDLs. Moreover, research on PON1 attracted much interest following several studies indicating that it is involved in cardiovascular protection. However, the mechanisms by which PON1 exerts these effects remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelouahed Khalil
- Research Centre on Aging, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| | | | - Souade Ikhlef
- Research Centre on Aging, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Hicham Berrougui
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, BP 592, 23000 Beni Mellal, Morocco
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20
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Sung YC, Liao YH, Chen CY, Chen YL, Chou CC. Acute changes in blood lipid profiles and metabolic risk factors in collegiate elite taekwondo athletes after short-term de-training: a prospective insight for athletic health management. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:143. [PMID: 28738856 PMCID: PMC5525308 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study used a short-term de-training model to mimic the physiological weight changes during the early retirement stage in Taekwondo (TKD) athletes. This study investigates whether the negative changes in body composition, blood lipid profiles, and metabolic biomarkers occur in elite collegiate TKD athletes when experiencing a two-months de-training period. METHODS Fourteen collegiate Division Ι elite TKD athletes (age: 21.1 ± 0.2 years, BMI: 22.3 ± 1.1 kg/m2; 10 males and 4 females) participated in this study. The body composition, blood lipid profiles, atherogenic dyslipidemia indexes, metabolic biomarkers and baseline systemic inflammation states were measured before and after two-months de-training. RESULTS The body weight and BMI did not change after de-training in these elite TKD athletes. The total muscle mass displayed a significant decline after de-training (-2.0%, p = 0.019), with an increase in fat mass (+24.3%, p < 0.01). The blood triglyceride did not change, but the total cholesterol was higher after de-training (+8.3%, p = 0.047). The CHOL-to-HDL and LDL-to-HDL ratios increased by 12.4% (p < 0.001) and 13.2% (p = 0.002) after de-training, respectively. The blood platelet number, plateletcrit, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio increased significantly by 5.0% (p = 0.013), 7.3% (p = 0.009), and 20.6% (p = 0.018) after de-training, respectively. The McAuley's Index decreased (-6.9%, p = 0.025) after de-training. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that a two-months de-training period resulted in adverse effects on early atherogenic dyslipidemia development, progressing insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, and visceral adiposity in young elite TKD athletes. Our findings provide clear insights into the possible deleterious impacts at early stage retirement in former combative sports athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Sung
- Department of Chinese Martial Arts, Chinese Culture University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chung Chou
- Physical Education Office, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei City, 10608, Taiwan.
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21
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Ogura M, Hori M, Harada-Shiba M. Association Between Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 36:181-8. [PMID: 26543100 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are at high risk for premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), especially because of long-term exposure to high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. It has been reported that low-density lipoprotein-lowering therapy delays the onset of ASCVD. However, it still remains difficult to prevent it. Therefore, novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets are necessary to evaluate and prevent atherosclerosis in FH. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of cholesterol efflux capacity with the presence of ASCVD and clinical features in patients with heterozygous FH. APPROACH AND RESULTS We measured cholesterol efflux capacity in 227 patients with heterozygous FH under pharmaceutical treatment. Seventy-six (33.5%) of them were known to have ASCVD. In a logistic-regression analysis adjusted for risk factors, increased efflux capacity was associated with decreased risk of ASCVD even after the addition of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level as a covariate (odds ratio per 1-SD increase, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-0.99; P<0.05). Decreased cholesterol efflux capacity was associated with the presence of corneal arcus after adjusting for age and sex. In addition, inverse relationships between cholesterol efflux capacity and Achilles tendon thickness, as well as carotid intima-media thickness, were observed after adjustment for age, sex, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Cholesterol efflux capacity was independently and inversely associated with the presence of ASCVD in heterozygous FH. In view of residual risks after treatment with statins, cholesterol efflux capacity might be a novel biomarker and a therapeutic target for preventing atherosclerosis in patients with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsune Ogura
- From the Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Mika Hori
- From the Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- From the Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Ryan DJ, Stebbings GK, Onambele GL. The emergence of sedentary behaviour physiology and its effects on the cardiometabolic profile in young and older adults. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:89. [PMID: 26315694 PMCID: PMC5005832 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
It has recently emerged that sedentary behaviour is independent of a lack of physical activity as individuals can be sufficiently active, based on the recommended physical activity guidelines, but also spend the majority of their waking hours engaging in sedentary behaviour. Individuals who follow this pattern of physical activity and sedentary behaviour are known as 'active couch potatoes'. Sedentary behaviour has been found to have detrimental effects on cardiometabolic markers associated with cardiovascular disease. Since the positive effects of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity do not necessarily negate the deleterious effects of sedentary behaviour on cardiometabolic markers, it is postulated that engaging in light physical activity is an intervention that will successfully reduce levels of sedentary behaviour and may hence improve health markers of quality of life. We propose that such lifestyle changes may be particularly relevant to older populations as these engage in sedentary behaviour for the majority of their waking hours, thereby adding to the negative aging effect on cardiometabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Ryan
- Health Exercise and Active Living Research Centre, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, Cheshire, CW1 5DU, UK,
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Sviridov D. High-Density Lipoprotein - A Hero, a Mirage, or a Witness? Front Cardiovasc Med 2014; 1:9. [PMID: 26664860 PMCID: PMC4668851 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2014.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative relationship between plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a firmly established medical fact, but attempts to reproduce protective properties of HDL by pharmacologically elevating HDL levels were mostly unsuccessful. This conundrum presents a fundamental question: were the approaches used to raise HDL flawed or the protective effects of HDL are an epiphenomenon? Recent attempts to elevate plasma HDL were universally based on reducing HDL catabolism by blocking reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Here, we argue that this mode of HDL elevation may be mechanistically different to natural mechanisms and thus be counterproductive. We further argue that independently of whether HDL is a driving force or a surrogate measure of the rate of RCT, approaches aimed at increasing HDL supply, rather than reducing its catabolism, would be most beneficial for speeding up RCT and improving protection against CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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24
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Karavia EA, Zvintzou E, Petropoulou PI, Xepapadaki E, Constantinou C, Kypreos KE. HDL quality and functionality: what can proteins and genes predict? Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 12:521-32. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2014.896741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Combined effects of a high-fat diet and chronic valproic acid treatment on hepatic steatosis and hepatotoxicity in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:363-72. [PMID: 24442146 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential interactive effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) and valproic acid (VPA) on hepatic steatosis and hepatotoxicity in rats. METHODS Male SD rats were orally administered VPA (100 or 500 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) combined with HFD or a standard diet for 8 weeks. Blood and liver samples were analyzed to determine lipid levels and hepatic function biomarkers using commercial kit assays. Low-molecular-weight compounds in serum, urine and bile samples were analyzed using a metabonomic approach based on GC/TOF-MS. RESULTS HFD alone induced extensive hepatocyte steatosis and edema in rats, while VPA alone did not cause significant liver lesions. VPA significantly aggravated HFD-induced accumulation of liver lipids, and caused additional spotty or piecemeal necrosis, accompanied by moderate infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver. Metabonomic analysis of serum, urine and bile samples revealed that HFD significantly increased the levels of amino acids, free fatty acids (FFAs) and 3-hydroxy-butanoic acid, whereas VPA markedly decreased the levels of amino acids, FFAs and the intermediate products of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) compared with the control group. HFD aggravated VPA-induced inhibition on lipid and amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSION HFD magnifies VPA-induced impairment of mitochondrial β-oxidation of FFAs and TCA, thereby increases hepatic steatosis and hepatotoxicity. The results suggest the patients receiving VPA treatment should be advised to avoid eating HFD.
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Kypreos KE, Zafirovic S, Petropoulou PI, Bjelogrlic P, Resanovic I, Traish A, Isenovic ER. Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and high-density lipoprotein quality by estradiol in cardiovascular pathology. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 19:256-68. [PMID: 24414281 DOI: 10.1177/1074248413513499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens have been recognized, in the last 3 decades, as important hormones in direct and indirect modulation of vascular health. In addition to their direct benefit on cardiovascular health, the presence of esterified estrogen in the lipid core of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles indirectly contributes to atheroprotection by significantly improving HDL quality and functionality. Estrogens modulate their physiological activity via genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. Genomic mechanisms are thought to be mediated directly by interaction of the hormone receptor complex with the hormone response elements that regulate gene expression. Nongenomic mechanisms are thought to occur via interaction of the estrogen with membrane-bound receptors, which rapidly activate intracellular signaling without binding of the hormone receptor complex to its hormone response elements. Estradiol in particular mediates early and late endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation via interaction with estrogen receptors through both nongenomic and genomic mechanisms. In the vascular system, the primary endogenous source of nitric oxide (NO) generation is eNOS. Nitric oxide primarily influences blood vessel relaxation, the heart rate, and myocyte contractility. The abnormalities in expression and/or functions of eNOS lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases, both in animals and in humans. Although considerable research efforts have been dedicated to understanding the mechanisms of action of estradiol in regulating cardiac eNOS, more research is needed to fully understand the details of such mechanisms. This review focuses on recent findings from animal and human studies on the regulation of eNOS and HDL quality by estradiol in cardiovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos E Kypreos
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Pharmacology Laboratory, Panepistimioupolis, Rio, Greece
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Miyazaki O, Ogihara J, Fukamachi I, Kasumi T. Evidence for the presence of lipid-free monomolecular apolipoprotein A-1 in plasma. J Lipid Res 2013; 55:214-25. [PMID: 24304668 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The first step in reverse cholesterol transport is a process by which lipid-free or lipid-poor apoA-1 removes cholesterol from cells through the action of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 at the plasma membrane. However the structure and composition of lipid-free or -poor apoA-1 in plasma remains obscure. We previously obtained a monoclonal antibody (MAb) that specifically recognizes apoA-1 in preβ1-HDL, the smallest apoA-1-containing particle in plasma, which we used to establish a preβ1-HDL ELISA. Here, we purified preβ1-HDL from fresh normal plasma using said antibody, and analyzed the composition and structure. ApoA-1 was detected, but neither phospholipid nor cholesterol were detected in the purified preβ1-HDL. Only globular, not discoidal, particles were observed by electron microscopy. In nondenaturing PAGE, no difference in the mobility was observed between the purified preβ1-HDL and original plasma preβ1-HDL, or between the preβ1-HDL and lipid-free apoA-1 prepared by delipidating HDL. In sandwich ELISA using two anti-preβ1-HDL MAbs, reactivity with intact plasma preβ1-HDL was observed in ELISA using two MAbs with distinct epitopes but no reactivity was observed in ELISA using a single MAb, and the same phenomenon was observed with monomolecular lipid-free apoA-1. These results suggest that plasma preβ1-HDL is lipid-free monomolecular apoA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Miyazaki
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Research and Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 301-0852, Japan
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Veerman KJ, Venegas-Pino DE, Shi Y, Khan MI, Gerstein HC, Werstuck GH. Hyperglycaemia is associated with impaired vasa vasorum neovascularization and accelerated atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein-E deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2013; 227:250-8. [PMID: 23411040 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A direct correlation between blood glucose levels and the microvascular complications of diabetes is well established. However, the effects of hyperglycaemia on the vasa vasorum, a microvascular network which surrounds and supplies the walls of large arteries, is not known. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of hyperglycaemia on the vasa vasorum and to examine correlations between these effects and the development of atherosclerosis in a mouse model. METHODS The micro- and macrovascular effects of hyperglycaemia were examined in streptozotocin-injected apolipoprotein-E deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice. Retina and aortic sinus were isolated from hyperglycaemic mice and normoglycaemic controls at 5-20 weeks of age. Retinal and vasa vasorum microvessel densities were quantified and correlated to atherosclerotic lesion development. The expression levels of pro-angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 were examined. RESULTS In normoglycaemic ApoE(-/-) mice atherogenesis is associated with vasa vasorum expansion, which likely corresponds to the increasing blood supply demands of the thickening artery wall. In hyperglycaemic ApoE(-/-) mice there is no significant neovascularization of the vasa vasorum, despite the fact that lesions are significantly larger. This defect may result from a localized deficiency in VEGF. CONCLUSIONS These findings are the first evidence that hyperglycaemia alters the structure of the vasa vasorum. Such microvascular changes directly correlate, and may contribute to, the development and progression of atherosclerosis in hyperglycaemic ApoE-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Veerman
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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29
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Holleboom AG, Daniil G, Fu X, Zhang R, Hovingh GK, Schimmel AW, Kastelein JJP, Stroes ESG, Witztum JL, Hutten BA, Tsimikas S, Hazen SL, Chroni A, Kuivenhoven JA. Lipid oxidation in carriers of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase gene mutations. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:3066-75. [PMID: 23023370 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.255711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) has been shown to play a role in the depletion of lipid oxidation products, but this has so far not been studied in humans. In this study, we investigated processes and parameters relevant to lipid oxidation in carriers of functional LCAT mutations. METHODS AND RESULTS In 4 carriers of 2 mutant LCAT alleles, 63 heterozygotes, and 63 family controls, we measured activities of LCAT, paraoxonase 1, and platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase; levels of lysophosphatidylcholine molecular species, arachidonic and linoleic acids, and their oxidized derivatives; immunodetectable oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing and apo(a)-containing lipoproteins; IgM and IgG autoantibodies to malondialdehyde-low-density lipoprotein and IgG and IgM apoB-immune complexes; and the antioxidant capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In individuals with LCAT mutations, plasma LCAT activity, HDL cholesterol, apoA-I, arachidonic acid, and its oxidized derivatives, oxidized phospholipids on apo(a)-containing lipoproteins, HDL-associated platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase activity, and the antioxidative capacity of HDL were gene-dose-dependently decreased. Oxidized phospholipids on apoB-containing lipoproteins was increased in heterozygotes (17%; P<0.001) but not in carriers of 2 defective LCAT alleles. CONCLUSIONS Carriers of LCAT mutations present with significant reductions in LCAT activity, HDL cholesterol, apoA-I, platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase activity, and antioxidative potential of HDL, but this is not associated with parameters of increased lipid peroxidation; we did not observe significant changes in the oxidation products of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid, immunoreactive oxidized phospholipids on apo(a)-containing lipoproteins, and IgM and IgG autoantibodies against malondialdehyde-low-density lipoprotein. These data indicate that plasma LCAT activity, HDL-associated platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase activity, and HDL cholesterol may not influence the levels of plasma lipid oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan G Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Chan DC, Hoang A, Barrett PHR, Wong ATY, Nestel PJ, Sviridov D, Watts GF. Apolipoprotein B-100 and apoA-II kinetics as determinants of cellular cholesterol efflux. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E1658-66. [PMID: 22745238 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cellular cholesterol efflux is a key step in reverse cholesterol transport and may depend on the metabolism of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100, apoA-I, and apoA-II. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations between cholesterol efflux and plasma concentrations and kinetics of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-apoB-100, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-apoA-I, and HDL-apoA-II in men. DESIGN, SUBJECTS, AND METHODS: Thirty men were recruited from the community with a wide range of body mass index. The capacity of plasma and HDL to efflux cholesterol was measured ex vivo. Apolipoprotein kinetics were measured using stable isotope techniques and multicompartmental modeling. RESULTS Cholesterol efflux to whole plasma was correlated with plasma levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, apoB-100, insulin, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, body mass index and waist circumference (P < 0.05 in all). Cholesterol efflux was inversely correlated with the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of VLDL (r = -0.728), IDL (r = -0.662), and LDL-apoB-100 (r = -0.479) but positively correlated with the FCR (r = 0.438) and production rate (r = 0.468) of HDL-apoA-II. In multiple regression analysis, the concentration and FCR of VLDL-apoB-100 (β-coefficient = 0.708 and -0.518, respectively) and IDL-apoB-100 (β-coefficient = 0.354 and -0.447, respectively) were independent predictors of cholesterol efflux. The association of cholesterol efflux with apoB-100 metabolism was diminished after removal of apoB-100-containing lipoproteins from plasma prior to efflux. All associations, except for cholesteryl ester transfer protein, were lost when cholesterol efflux to isolated HDL was tested. CONCLUSIONS The plasma concentration and kinetics of apoB-100-containing lipoproteins are significant predictors of the capacity of whole plasma to effect cellular cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick C Chan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, G.P.O. Box X2213, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Familial hypercholesterolemia is characterized by a major elevation in circulating LDL-cholesterol levels, cholesterol deposition within the arterial wall and an increased risk of premature coronary artery disease. The reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is now considered as a key process that protects against development of atherosclerosis. The major antiatherogenic action of HDL particles is intimately linked to their determinant role in RCT pathway. However, the steady-sate of HDL-cholesterol levels does not represent the optimal marker to evaluate the efficiency of the RCT in all circumstances. RECENT FINDINGS By using ex-vivo systems for the evaluation of the efficacy of RCT a strong inverse relationship between HDL efflux capacity from macrophages and atherosclerosis progression has been demonstrated. Low HDL-C phenotype observed in familial hypercholesterolemia patients is associated with defective capacities of HDL particles to mediate major steps of the centripetal movement of cholesterol from peripheral cells to feces. However, current available treatment used to reduce LDL-C to therapeutic goals does not correct altered functions of HDL particles in humans. SUMMARY In the context of familial hypercholesterolemia, a growing body of evidence suggests that impaired efficacy of the RCT pathway contributes significantly to the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Guerin
- INSERM UMRS939, Hôpital de la Pitié, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France.
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Angiographically-assessed coronary artery disease associates with HDL particle size in women. Atherosclerosis 2012; 223:359-64. [PMID: 22695528 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It has been suggested that a reduced HDL particle size could be another feature of the atherogenic dyslipidemia found among viscerally obese subjects. OBJECTIVE To investigate, in women, the relationship between HDL particle size and coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Average HDL particle size was measured in a sample of 239 women on whom CAD was assessed by angiography. RESULTS Overall, women who had CAD were characterized by a deteriorated fasting metabolic risk profile, which was accompanied by smaller HDL particles compared to women without CAD (80.4 ± 2.2 Å vs. 81.5 ± 2.7 Å, p < 0.01). In addition, a reduced HDL particle size was a significant correlate of several features of the atherogenic metabolic profile of abdominal obesity such as increased triglyceride and apolipoprotein B concentrations, decreased HDL cholesterol levels, an elevated cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and hyperinsulinemia and was also associated with an increased waist circumference (0.13≤|r|≤0.21, p < 0.05). Odds ratio of being affected by CAD was increased by 2.5-fold (95% CI: 1.4-4.5; p < 0.01) among women with smaller HDL particles compared to women with larger HDL particles. Finally, women characterized by the presence of the NCEP-ATP III clinical criteria or by hypertriglyceridemic waist were characterized by smaller HDL particles compared to women without these clinical phenotypes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION HDL particle size appears to be another relevant feature of a dysmetabolic state which is related to CAD risk in women.
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Rosenson RS, Brewer HB, Davidson WS, Fayad ZA, Fuster V, Goldstein J, Hellerstein M, Jiang XC, Phillips MC, Rader DJ, Remaley AT, Rothblat GH, Tall AR, Yvan-Charvet L. Cholesterol efflux and atheroprotection: advancing the concept of reverse cholesterol transport. Circulation 2012; 125:1905-19. [PMID: 22508840 PMCID: PMC4159082 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.066589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 707] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Rosenson
- Mount Sinai Heart, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Modified high-density lipoprotein modulates aldosterone release through scavenger receptors via extra cellular signal-regulated kinase and Janus kinase-dependent pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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35
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Orsoni A, Villard EF, Bruckert E, Robillard P, Carrie A, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Chapman MJ, Dallinga-Thie GM, Le Goff W, Guerin M. Impact of LDL apheresis on atheroprotective reverse cholesterol transport pathway in familial hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:767-75. [PMID: 22338009 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m024141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are associated with functional alterations of HDL particles that reduce their capacity to mediate the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway. The objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences of LDL apheresis on the efficacy of the RCT pathway in FH patients. LDL apheresis markedly reduced abnormal accelerated cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)-mediated cholesteryl ester (CE) transfer from HDL to LDL, thus reducing their CE content. Equally, we observed a major decrease (-53%; P < 0.0001) in pre-β1-HDL levels. The capacity of whole plasma to mediate free cholesterol efflux from human macrophages was reduced (-15%; P < 0.02) following LDL apheresis. Such reduction resulted from a marked decrease in the ABCA1-dependent efflux (-71%; P < 0.0001) in the scavenger receptor class B type I-dependent efflux (-21%; P < 0.0001) and in the ABCG1-dependent pathway (-15%; P < 0.04). However, HDL particles isolated from FH patients before and after LDL apheresis displayed a similar capacity to mediate cellular free cholesterol efflux or to deliver CE to hepatic cells. We demonstrate that rapid removal of circulating lipoprotein particles by LDL apheresis transitorily reduces RCT. However, LDL apheresis is without impact on the intrinsic ability of HDL particles to promote either cellular free cholesterol efflux from macrophages or to deliver CE to hepatic cells.
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36
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Chu LM, Lassaletta AD, Robich MP, Sellke FW. Resveratrol in the Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2011; 13:439-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-011-0202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Sviridov D. Fenofibrate, homocysteine, cholesterol efflux and primum non nocere. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:24-5. [PMID: 21752378 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, St. Kilda Central, Melbourne 8008, VIC, Australia.
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38
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Bellanger N, Orsoni A, Julia Z, Fournier N, Frisdal E, Duchene E, Bruckert E, Carrie A, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Pirault J, Saint-Charles F, Chapman MJ, Lesnik P, Le Goff W, Guerin M. Atheroprotective Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway Is Defective in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1675-81. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.227181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Bellanger
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Alexina Orsoni
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Zélie Julia
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Natalie Fournier
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Eric Frisdal
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Emilie Duchene
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Eric Bruckert
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Alain Carrie
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - John Pirault
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Flora Saint-Charles
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - M. John Chapman
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Maryse Guerin
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 939 (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.) and Departments of Endocrinology, AP-HP (E.D., E.B.) and Metabolic Biochemistry, AP-HP (D.B.-R.), Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (N.B., A.O., Z.J., E.F., E.D., E.B., A.C., J.P., F.S.-C., M.J.C., P.L., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
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Jin S, Cho KH. Water extracts of cinnamon and clove exhibits potent inhibition of protein glycation and anti-atherosclerotic activity in vitro and in vivo hypolipidemic activity in zebrafish. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1521-9. [PMID: 21443916 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and atherosclerosis. Aqueous extracts of ground pepper, cinnamon, rosemary, ginger, and clove were analyzed and tested for anti-atherosclerotic activity in vitro and in vivo using hypercholesterolemic zebrafish. Cinnamon and clove extracts (at final 10 μg/mL) had the strongest anti-glycation and antioxidant activity in this study. Cinnamon and clove had the strongest inhibition of activity against copper-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and LDL phagocytosis by macrophages. Cinnamon or clove extracts had potent cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitory activity in a concentration-dependent manner. They exhibited hypolipidemic activity in a hypercholesterolemic zebrafish model; the clove extract-treated group had a 68% and 80% decrease in serum cholesterol and TG levels, respectively. The clove extract-fed group had the smallest increase in body weight and height and the strongest antioxidant activity following a 5-week high cholesterol diet. Hydrophilic ingredients of cinnamon and clove showed potent activities to suppress the incidence of atherosclerosis and diabetes via strong antioxidant potential, prevention of apoA-I glycation and LDL-phagocytosis, inhibition of CETP, and hypolipidemic activity. These results suggest the potential to develop a new functional dietary agent to treat chronic metabolic diseases, such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seori Jin
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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Lammertyn L, Schutte R, Schutte AE, Huisman HW, van Rooyen JM, Malan NT, Fourie CMT, Malan L. Associations of cholesterol and glucose with cardiovascular dysfunction in black Africans: the SABPA study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2011; 33:159-66. [PMID: 21513480 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2010.531842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to determine whether blood glucose or cholesterol is the more prominent contributor to cardiovascular dysfunction in 101 African men and 99 African women. We measured ambulatory daytime blood pressure (BP), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and determined blood glucose and lipids in serum. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (p = 0.002) and HDL: total cholesterol (HDL:TC) (p ≤ 0.001) were significantly lower, while serum glucose (p ≤ 0.001) was significantly higher in men. In single, partial, and multiple regression analysis, BP correlated positively with blood glucose in men. Furthermore, CIMT (B = -0.50; p = 0.009) correlated negatively with HDL:TC in men. While in women CIMT (B = 0.346; p = 0.015) correlated positively with glucose. In conclusion, subclinical atherosclerosis is significantly related to an unfavorable HDL profile in men, whereas in women, this link is stronger with fasting glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandi Lammertyn
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), School for Physiology, Nutrition, and Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Hoang A, Drew BG, Low H, Remaley AT, Nestel P, Kingwell BA, Sviridov D. Mechanism of cholesterol efflux in humans after infusion of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein. Eur Heart J 2011; 33:657-65. [PMID: 21498847 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infusion of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) leads to changes in HDL metabolism as well as to an increased capacity of plasma to support cholesterol efflux providing an opportunity to investigate mechanisms linking cholesterol efflux to changes in plasma HDL. METHODS AND RESULTS Patient plasmas after infusion of rHDL were tested ex vivo for their capacity to stimulate cholesterol efflux. Reconstituted HDL enhanced mobilization of cholesterol from tissues in vivo as shown by rising HDL cholesterol concentrations over the infusion period. Infusion of rHDL in vivo led to increased cholesterol efflux ex vivo; surprisingly, removing apoB-containing lipoproteins while preserving all HDL subfractions eliminated this increase. Infusion of rHDL led to the remodelling of plasma HDL; however, the capacity of plasma to support cholesterol efflux did not correlate with changes in the concentrations of any of HDL subfractions. Unmodified rHDL accounted for only a proportion of the increment in cholesterol efflux capacity. Furthermore, studies using HeLa and BHK cells overexpressing ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 showed that the contribution of these cellular mediators of cholesterol efflux to the enhanced capacity of plasma for the efflux was minimal. CONCLUSION Enhanced cholesterol efflux from tissues requires the presence of apoB-containing lipoproteins and may involve enhanced flow of cholesterol through multiple components of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway rather than being determined by a specific HDL subfraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Hoang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, St. Kilda Rd Central, Melbourne, VIC 8008, Australia
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Campbell-Tofte JIA, Mølgaard P, Josefsen K, Abdallah Z, Hansen SH, Cornett C, Mu H, Richter EA, Petersen HW, Nørregaard JC, Winther K. Randomized and double-blinded pilot clinical study of the safety and anti-diabetic efficacy of the Rauvolfia-Citrus tea, as used in Nigerian traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:402-411. [PMID: 20955771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this randomized and double blinded pilot clinical trial was to investigate the anti-diabetic efficacy of the Rauvolfia-Citrus (RC) tea in humans. We have earlier shown that a combination of calorie-restriction and chronic administration of the RC tea to the genetic diabetic (BKS-db) mice resulted in the normalization of blood sugar, reduction in lipid accumulated in the mice eyes and prevention of the degeneration of the otherwise brittle BKS-db pancreas. The tea is made by boiling foliage of Rauvolfia vomitoria and fruits of Citrus aurantium and is used to treat diabetes in Nigerian folk medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The RC tea was produced using the Nigerian traditional recipe and tested in the traditional dosage on 23 Danish type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The participants were divided into two equivalent groups after stratification by sex, age and BMI, in a 4-month double-blinded, placebo-controlled and randomized clinical trial. Most of the study subjects (19/23) were using oral anti-diabetic agents (OADs). Mean disease duration was 6±4.6 years, mean age was 64±7 years and mean BMI was 28.7±3.8 kg/m(2). Prior to starting the treatment, the participants received individual dietician consultations. RESULTS At the end of the 4-month treatment period, the treated group showed an 11% decrease in 2-h postprandial plasma glucose relative to the 3% increase in the placebo group (p=0.004). The improvement in blood glucose clearance with RC tea treatment was reflected in a 6% reduction in HbA(1c) (p=0.02) and in a 10% reduction in fasting plasma glucose (p=0.02), when comparing the post 4-month treatment to pre-treatment baseline values. Though the basal levels of phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase enzyme in skeletal muscle were significantly reduced in the treated group (p=0.04), as compared to the placebo, only the pattern of reductions in the tissue fatty acids (FAs) differed in the two groups. While all types of FAs were reduced in placebo, only saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) FAs were reduced with treatment. Interestingly, a modest increase in the polyunsaturated FAs fraction was observed in the RC treated group. In addition, the reduction in SFA and MUFA with RC tea treatment came solely from the triglyceride fractions, as there was an increase in the skeletal muscle phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS Chronic administration of the RC tea to overweight T2D on OADs caused significant improvements in markers of glycaemic control and modifications to the fatty acid profile of skeletal muscle, without adverse effects or hypoglycaemia. Further exploration of the anti-diabetic effects of the RC tea is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan I A Campbell-Tofte
- Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universtitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Julia Z, Duchene E, Fournier N, Bellanger N, Chapman MJ, Le Goff W, Guerin M. Postprandial lipemia enhances the capacity of large HDL2 particles to mediate free cholesterol efflux via SR-BI and ABCG1 pathways in type IIB hyperlipidemia. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:3350-8. [DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p009746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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A J, Qian S, Wang G, Yan B, Zhang S, Huang Q, Ni L, Zha W, Liu L, Cao B, Hong M, Wu H, Lu H, Shi J, Li M, Li J. Chronic myeloid leukemia patients sensitive and resistant to imatinib treatment show different metabolic responses. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13186. [PMID: 20949032 PMCID: PMC2951899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib is highly effective for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, some patients gradually develop resistance to imatinib, resulting in therapeutic failure. Metabonomic and genomic profiling of patients' responses to drug interventions can provide novel information about the in vivo metabolism of low-molecular-weight compounds and extend our insight into the mechanism of drug resistance. Based on a multi-platform of high-throughput metabonomics, SNP array analysis, karyotype and mutation, the metabolic phenotypes and genomic polymorphisms of CML patients and their diverse responses to imatinib were characterized. The untreated CML patients (UCML) showed different metabolic patterns from those of healthy controls, and the discriminatory metabolites suggested the perturbed metabolism of the urea cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid metabolism, and amino acid turnover in UCML. After imatinib treatment, patients sensitive to imatinib (SCML) and patients resistant to imatinib (RCML) had similar metabolic phenotypes to those of healthy controls and UCML, respectively. SCML showed a significant metabolic response to imatinib, with marked restoration of the perturbed metabolism. Most of the metabolites characterizing CML were adjusted to normal levels, including the intermediates of the urea cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). In contrast, neither cytogenetic nor metabonomic analysis indicated any positive response to imatinib in RCML. We report for the first time the associated genetic and metabonomic responses of CML patients to imatinib and show that the perturbed in vivo metabolism of UCML is independent of imatinib treatment in resistant patients. Thus, metabonomics can potentially characterize patients' sensitivity or resistance to drug intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Case-Control Studies
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye A
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sixuan Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sujiang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingna Ni
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weibin Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Hong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanxin Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Yamashita M, Tamasawa N, Matsuki K, Tanabe J, Murakami H, Matsui J, Suda T. Insulin suppresses HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages through inhibition of neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 expressions. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17:1183-9. [PMID: 20733269 DOI: 10.5551/jat.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We studied the effect of insulin on HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. The potential involvement of cholesteryl ester hydrolysis and membrane cholesterol transport was also addressed. METHODS Human monocyte-derived THP-1 cells were developed into macrophages. Cholesterol efflux was measured by incubating macrophages, labeled with [³H]-cholesterol, with HDL for 24 h. The cells were treated with insulin (0-500 nM) for 30 min prior to the addition of HDL. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of the effect of insulin, the expressions of neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase (nCEH) and ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) G1 were analyzed. RESULTS Insulin inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Insulin also inhibited the enzyme activity of nCEH and its mRNA and protein expression in cells. Insulin also suppressed the expressions of mRNA and protein for ABCG1. CONCLUSIONS Insulin inhibits HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages, which may result from the suppression of nCEH and ABCG1 expressions. Our findings show part of the potential molecular mechanism of atherogenesis in type 2 diabetes with hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Yamashita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
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Miyazaki O, Fukamachi I. Preβ1-HDL, a key element of reverse cholesterol transport: its potential as a biomarker. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Haas MJ, Mooradian AD. Therapeutic Interventions to Enhance Apolipoprotein A-I-Mediated Cardioprotection. Drugs 2010; 70:805-21. [DOI: 10.2165/11535410-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Fu Y. Rate-limiting factors of cholesterol efflux in reverse cholesterol transport: Acceptors and donors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:703-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Puk CG, Bocchi EA, Lo Prete AC, Ferreira SMA, Stolf NAG, Maranhão RC. Transfer of Cholesterol and Other Lipids From a Lipid Nanoemulsion to High-density Lipoprotein in Heart Transplant Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009; 28:1075-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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HDL biogenesis and functions: role of HDL quality and quantity in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2009; 208:3-9. [PMID: 19595353 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death in western societies. In the last few decades, a number of epidemiological studies have shown that a disproportion between atheroprotective and atherogenic lipoproteins in plasma is one of the most important contributors towards atherosclerosis and CHD. Thus, based on the classical view, reduced HDL cholesterol levels independently predict one's risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease, while elevated HDL levels protect from atherosclerosis. However, more recent studies have suggested that the relationship between HDL and cardiovascular risk is more complex and extends beyond the levels of HDL in plasma. These studies challenge the existing view on HDL and cardiovascular risk and trigger a discussion as to whether low HDL is a causal effect for the development of heart disease. In this article we provide a review of the current literature on the biogenesis of HDL and its proposed functions in atheroprotection. In addition, we discuss the significance of both HDL quality and quantity in assessing cardiovascular risk.
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