1
|
Scott HC, Draganov SD, Yu Z, Kessler BM, Pinto-Fernández A. Targeted Mass Spectrometry Reveals Interferon-Dependent Eicosanoid and Fatty Acid Alterations in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15513. [PMID: 37958498 PMCID: PMC10649737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive lipids are involved in cellular signalling events with links to human disease. Many of these are involved in inflammation under normal and pathological conditions. Despite being attractive molecules from a pharmacological point of view, the detection and quantification of lipids has been a major challenge. Here, we have optimised a liquid chromatography-dynamic multiple reaction monitoring-targeted mass spectrometry (LC-dMRM-MS) approach to profile eicosanoids and fatty acids in biological samples. In particular, by applying this analytic workflow to study a cellular model of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), we found that the levels of intra- and extracellular 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), intracellular Arachidonic Acid (AA), extracellular Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), extracellular 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), extracellular Palmitic acid (PA, C16:0) and extracellular Stearic acid (SA, C18:0), were altered in response to immunomodulation by type I interferon (IFN-I), a currently approved treatment for CML. Our observations indicate changes in eicosanoid and fatty acid metabolism, with potential relevance in the context of cancer inflammation and CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Scott
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (S.D.D.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.K.)
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Simeon D. Draganov
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (S.D.D.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.K.)
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Zhanru Yu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (S.D.D.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.K.)
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (S.D.D.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.K.)
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Adán Pinto-Fernández
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (S.D.D.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.K.)
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wautier JL, Wautier MP. Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Prostaglandins and Cytokines in Humans: A Mini Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119647. [PMID: 37298597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been described for two millennia, but cellular aspects and the paradigm involving different mediators have been identified in the recent century. Two main groups of molecules, the prostaglandins (PG) and the cytokines, have been discovered and play a major role in inflammatory processes. The activation of prostaglandins PGE2, PGD2 and PGI2 results in prominent symptoms during cardiovascular and rheumatoid diseases. The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory compounds is nowadays a challenge for more targeted therapeutic approaches. The first cytokine was described more than a century ago and is now a part of different families of cytokines (38 interleukins), including the IL-1 and IL-6 families and TNF and TGFβ families. Cytokines can perform a dual role, being growth promotors or inhibitors and having pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. The complex interactions between cytokines, vascular cells and immune cells are responsible for dramatic conditions and lead to the concept of cytokine storm observed during sepsis, multi-organ failure and, recently, in some cases of COVID-19 infection. Cytokines such as interferon and hematopoietic growth factor have been used as therapy. Alternatively, the inhibition of cytokine functions has been largely developed using anti-interleukin or anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of sepsis or chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Wautier
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Denis Diderot Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Paule Wautier
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Denis Diderot Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beccacece L, Abondio P, Bini C, Pelotti S, Luiselli D. The Link between Prostanoids and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044193. [PMID: 36835616 PMCID: PMC9962914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global deaths, and many risk factors contribute to their pathogenesis. In this context, prostanoids, which derive from arachidonic acid, have attracted attention for their involvement in cardiovascular homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Prostanoids are the target of several drugs, but it has been shown that some of them increase the risk of thrombosis. Overall, many studies have shown that prostanoids are tightly associated with cardiovascular diseases and that several polymorphisms in genes involved in their synthesis and function increase the risk of developing these pathologies. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms linking prostanoids to cardiovascular diseases and we provide an overview of genetic polymorphisms that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Beccacece
- Computational Genomics Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Paolo Abondio
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Carla Bini
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Korbecki J, Rębacz-Maron E, Kupnicka P, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Synthesis and Significance of Arachidonic Acid, a Substrate for Cyclooxygenases, Lipoxygenases, and Cytochrome P450 Pathways in the Tumorigenesis of Glioblastoma Multiforme, Including a Pan-Cancer Comparative Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030946. [PMID: 36765904 PMCID: PMC9913267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive gliomas. New and more effective therapeutic approaches are being sought based on studies of the various mechanisms of GBM tumorigenesis, including the synthesis and metabolism of arachidonic acid (ARA), an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). PubMed, GEPIA, and the transcriptomics analysis carried out by Seifert et al. were used in writing this paper. In this paper, we discuss in detail the biosynthesis of this acid in GBM tumors, with a special focus on certain enzymes: fatty acid desaturase (FADS)1, FADS2, and elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 5 (ELOVL5). We also discuss ARA metabolism, particularly its release from cell membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 (cPLA2, iPLA2, and sPLA2) and its processing by cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), lipoxygenases (5-LOX, 12-LOX, 15-LOX-1, and 15-LOX-2), and cytochrome P450. Next, we discuss the significance of lipid mediators synthesized from ARA in GBM cancer processes, including prostaglandins (PGE2, PGD2, and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2)), thromboxane A2 (TxA2), oxo-eicosatetraenoic acids, leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4), lipoxins, and many others. These lipid mediators can increase the proliferation of GBM cancer cells, cause angiogenesis, inhibit the anti-tumor response of the immune system, and be responsible for resistance to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Rębacz-Maron
- Department of Ecology and Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914-661-515
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Steinmetz-Späh J, Liu J, Singh R, Ekoff M, Boddul S, Tang X, Bergqvist F, Idborg H, Heitel P, Rönnberg E, Merk D, Wermeling F, Haeggström JZ, Nilsson G, Steinhilber D, Larsson K, Korotkova M, Jakobsson PJ. Biosynthesis of prostaglandin 15dPGJ 2 -glutathione and 15dPGJ 2-cysteine conjugates in macrophages and mast cells via MGST3. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100310. [PMID: 36370807 PMCID: PMC9792570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) results in decreased production of proinflammatory PGE2 and can lead to shunting of PGH2 into the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)/15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2) pathway. 15dPGJ2 forms Michael adducts with thiol-containing biomolecules such as GSH or cysteine residues on target proteins and is thought to promote resolution of inflammation. We aimed to elucidate the biosynthesis and metabolism of 15dPGJ2 via conjugation with GSH, to form 15dPGJ2-glutathione (15dPGJ2-GS) and 15dPGJ2-cysteine (15dPGJ2-Cys) conjugates and to characterize the effects of mPGES-1 inhibition on the PGD2/15dPGJ2 pathway in mouse and human immune cells. Our results demonstrate the formation of PGD2, 15dPGJ2, 15dPGJ2-GS, and 15dPGJ2-Cys in RAW264.7 cells after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Moreover, 15dPGJ2-Cys was found in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary murine macrophages as well as in human mast cells following stimulation of the IgE-receptor. Our results also suggest that the microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 is essential for the formation of 15dPGJ2 conjugates. In contrast to inhibition of cyclooxygenase, which leads to blockage of the PGD2/15dPGJ2 pathway, we found that inhibition of mPGES-1 preserves PGD2 and its metabolites. Collectively, this study highlights the formation of 15dPGJ2-GS and 15dPGJ2-Cys in mouse and human immune cells, the involvement of microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 in their biosynthesis, and their unchanged formation following inhibition of mPGES-1. The results encourage further research on their roles as bioactive lipid mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinmetz-Späh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajkumar Singh
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Ekoff
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanjaykumar Boddul
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiao Tang
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip Bergqvist
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Idborg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pascal Heitel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elin Rönnberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z. Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karin Larsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Korotkova
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden,For correspondence: Per-Johan Jakobsson
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shimamoto S, Nakahata Y, Hidaka Y, Yoshida T, Ohkubo T. NMR resonance assignments of mouse lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase/prostaglandin J 2 complex. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2022; 16:225-229. [PMID: 35445291 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-022-10084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (L-PGDS) catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to produce PGD2, an endogenous somenogen, in the brains of various mammalians. We recently reported that various other PGs also bind to L-PGDS, suggesting that it could serve as an extracellular carrier for PGs. Although the solution and crystal structure of L-PGDS has been determined, as has the structure of L-PGDS complexed PGH2 analog, a structural analysis of L-PGDS complexed with other PGs is needed in order to understand the mechanism responsible for the PG trapping. Here, we report the nearly complete 1H, 13C, and 15N backbone and side chain resonance assignments of the L-PGDS/PGJ2 complex and the binding site for PGJ2 on L-PGDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Shimamoto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Yuta Nakahata
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yuji Hidaka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadayasu Ohkubo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gimazetdinov AM, Al’mukhametov AZ, Miftakhov MS. Development of a new approach for the synthesis of (+)-15-deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 methyl ester based on the [2+2]-cycloadduct of 5-trimethylsilylcyclopentadiene and dichloroketene. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper described a first example of the application of the “abnormal” lactone of 3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one topology in targeted prostaglandin synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Airat M. Gimazetdinov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry (UfIC), Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UFIC RAS) Pr. Oktyabrya, 71, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Aidar Z. Al’mukhametov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry (UfIC), Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UFIC RAS) Pr. Oktyabrya, 71, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Mansur S. Miftakhov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry (UfIC), Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UFIC RAS) Pr. Oktyabrya, 71, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carstensen S, Gress C, Erpenbeck VJ, Kazani SD, Hohlfeld JM, Sandham DA, Müller M. Prostaglandin D 2 metabolites activate asthmatic patient-derived type 2 innate lymphoid cells and eosinophils via the DP 2 receptor. Respir Res 2021; 22:262. [PMID: 34620168 PMCID: PMC8499518 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) signaling via prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 (DP2) contributes to atopic and non-atopic asthma. Inhibiting DP2 has shown therapeutic benefit in certain subsets of asthma patients, improving eosinophilic airway inflammation. PGD2 metabolites prolong the inflammatory response in asthmatic patients via DP2 signaling. The role of PGD2 metabolites on eosinophil and ILC2 activity is not fully understood. METHODS Eosinophils and ILC2s were isolated from peripheral blood of atopic asthmatic patients. Eosinophil shape change, ILC2 migration and IL-5/IL-13 cytokine secretion were measured after stimulation with seven PGD2 metabolites in presence or absence of the selective DP2 antagonist fevipiprant. RESULTS Selected metabolites induced eosinophil shape change with similar nanomolar potencies except for 9α,11β-PGF2. Maximal values in forward scatter of eosinophils were comparable between metabolites. ILC2s migrated dose-dependently in the presence of selected metabolites except for 9α,11β-PGF2 with EC50 values ranging from 17.4 to 91.7 nM. Compared to PGD2, the absolute cell migration was enhanced in the presence of Δ12-PGD2, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGD2, PGJ2, Δ12-PGJ2 and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2. ILC2 cytokine production was dose dependent as well but with an average sixfold reduced potency compared to cell migration (IL-5 range 108.1 to 526.9 nM, IL-13 range: 125.2 to 788.3 nM). Compared to PGD2, the absolute cytokine secretion was reduced in the presence of most metabolites. Fevipiprant dose-dependently inhibited eosinophil shape change, ILC2 migration and ILC2 cytokine secretion with (sub)-nanomolar potencies. CONCLUSION Prostaglandin D2 metabolites initiate ILC2 migration and IL-5 and IL-13 cytokine secretion in a DP2 dependent manner. Our data indicate that metabolites may be important for in vivo eosinophil activation and ILC2 migration and to a lesser extent for ILC2 cytokine secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Carstensen
- Department of Biomarker Analysis and Development, Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Gress
- Department of Biomarker Analysis and Development, Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Department of Biomarker Analysis and Development, Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - David A Sandham
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Meike Müller
- Department of Biomarker Analysis and Development, Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakashima F, Suzuki T, Gordon ON, Golding D, Okuno T, Giménez-Bastida JA, Yokomizo T, Schneider C. Biosynthetic Crossover of 5-Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase-2 Yields 5-Hydroxy-PGE 2 and 5-Hydroxy-PGD 2. JACS AU 2021; 1:1380-1388. [PMID: 34604848 PMCID: PMC8479768 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic crossover of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymatic activities is a productive pathway to convert arachidonic acid into unique eicosanoids. Here, we show that COX-2 catalysis with 5-LOX derived 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid yields the endoperoxide 5-hydroxy-PGH2 that spontaneously rearranges to 5-OH-PGE2 and 5-OH-PGD2, the 5-hydroxy analogs of arachidonic acid derived PGE2 and PGD2. The endoperoxide was identified via its predicted degradation product, 5,12-dihydroxy-heptadecatri-6E,8E,10E-enoic acid, and by SnCl2-mediated reduction to 5-OH-PGF2α. Both 5-OH-PGE2 and 5-OH-PGD2 were unstable and degraded rapidly upon treatment with weak base. This instability hampered detection in biologic samples which was overcome by in situ reduction using NaBH4 to yield the corresponding stable 5-OH-PGF2 diastereomers and enabled detection of 5-OH-PGF2α in activated primary human leukocytes. 5-OH-PGE2 and 5-OH-PGD2 were unable to activate EP and DP prostanoid receptors, suggesting their bioactivity is distinct from PGE2 and PGD2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Nakashima
- Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Odaine N. Gordon
- Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Dominic Golding
- Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department
of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate
School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Juan A. Giménez-Bastida
- Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department
of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate
School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Claus Schneider
- Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Serum Albumin in Health and Disease: Esterase, Antioxidant, Transporting and Signaling Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910318. [PMID: 34638659 PMCID: PMC8508759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Being one of the main proteins in the human body and many animal species, albumin plays a decisive role in the transport of various ions-electrically neutral and charged molecules-and in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure of the blood. Albumin is able to bind to almost all known drugs, as well as many nutraceuticals and toxic substances, largely determining their pharmaco- and toxicokinetics. Albumin of humans and respective representatives in cattle and rodents have their own structural features that determine species differences in functional properties. However, albumin is not only passive, but also an active participant of pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic processes, possessing a number of enzymatic activities. Numerous experiments have shown esterase or pseudoesterase activity of albumin towards a number of endogeneous and exogeneous esters. Due to the free thiol group of Cys34, albumin can serve as a trap for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thus participating in redox processes. Glycated albumin makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of diabetes and other diseases. The interaction of albumin with blood cells, blood vessels and tissue cells outside the vascular bed is of great importance. Interactions with endothelial glycocalyx and vascular endothelial cells largely determine the integrative role of albumin. This review considers the esterase, antioxidant, transporting and signaling properties of albumin, as well as its structural and functional modifications and their significance in the pathogenesis of certain diseases.
Collapse
|
11
|
Markworth JF, Sugg KB, Sarver DC, Maddipati KR, Brooks SV. Local shifts in inflammatory and resolving lipid mediators in response to tendon overuse. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21655. [PMID: 34042218 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100078r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tendon inflammation has been implicated in both adaptive connective tissue remodeling and overuse-induced tendinopathy. Lipid mediators control both the initiation and resolution of inflammation, but their roles within tendon are largely unknown. Here, we profiled local shifts in intratendinous lipid mediators via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in response to synergist ablation-induced plantaris tendon overuse. Sixty-four individual lipid mediators were detected in homogenates of plantaris tendons from ambulatory control rats. This included many bioactive metabolites of the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and epoxygenase (CYP) pathways. Synergist ablation induced a robust inflammatory response at day 3 post-surgery characterized by epitenon infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages (MΦ), heightened expression of inflammation-related genes, and increased intratendinous concentrations of the pro-inflammatory eicosanoids thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 . By day 7, MΦ became the predominant myeloid cell type in tendon and there were further delayed increases in other COX metabolites including prostaglandins D2 , F2α , and I2 . Specialized pro-resolving mediators including protectin D1, resolvin D2 and D6, as well as related pathway markers of D-resolvins (17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid), E-resolvins (18-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid), and lipoxins (15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid) were also increased locally in response to tendon overuse, as were anti-inflammatory fatty acid epoxides of the CYP pathway (eg, epoxy-eicosatrienoic acids). Nevertheless, intratendinous prostaglandins remained markedly increased even following 28 days of tendon overuse together with a lingering MΦ presence. These data reveal a delayed and prolonged local inflammatory response to tendon overuse characterized by an overwhelming predominance of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and a relative lack of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F Markworth
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristoffer B Sugg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gimazetdinov AM, Al’mukhametov AZ, Zagitov VV, Miftakhov MS. Formal synthesis of J-type prostaglandins based on enantiopure polyfunctional cyclopentenol derivative. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Ansarey SH. Inflammation and JNK's Role in Niacin-GPR109A Diminished Flushed Effect in Microglial and Neuronal Cells With Relevance to Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:771144. [PMID: 34916973 PMCID: PMC8668869 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.771144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric illness with no single definitive aetiology, making its treatment difficult. Antipsychotics are not fully effective because they treat psychosis rather than the cognitive or negative symptoms. Antipsychotics fail to alleviate symptoms when patients enter the chronic stage of illness. Topical application of niacin showed diminished skin flush in the majority of patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population who showed flushing. The niacin skin flush test is useful for identifying patients with schizophrenia at their ultra-high-risk stage, and understanding this pathology may introduce an effective treatment. This review aims to understand the pathology behind the diminished skin flush response, while linking it back to neurons and microglia. First, it suggests that there are altered proteins in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, inflammatory imbalance, and kinase signalling pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which are associated with diminished flush. Second, genes from the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway were matched against the 128-loci genome wide association study (GWAS) for schizophrenia using GeneCards, suggesting that G-coupled receptor-109A (GPR109A) may have a genetic mutation, resulting in diminished flush. This review also suggests that there may be increased pro-inflammatory mediators in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, which contributes to the diminished flush pathology. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers may induce microglial-activated neuronal death. Lastly, this review explores the role of JNK on pro-inflammatory mediators, proteins in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, microglial activation, and neuronal death. Inhibiting JNK may reverse the changes observed in the diminished flush response, which might make it a good therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina H Ansarey
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Insuela DBR, Ferrero MR, Coutinho DDS, Martins MA, Carvalho VF. Could Arachidonic Acid-Derived Pro-Resolving Mediators Be a New Therapeutic Strategy for Asthma Therapy? Front Immunol 2020; 11:580598. [PMID: 33362766 PMCID: PMC7755608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma represents one of the leading chronic diseases worldwide and causes a high global burden of death and disability. In asthmatic patients, the exacerbation and chronification of the inflammatory response are often related to a failure in the resolution phase of inflammation. We reviewed the role of the main arachidonic acid (AA) specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in the resolution of chronic lung inflammation of asthmatics. AA is metabolized by two classes of enzymes, cyclooxygenases (COX), which produce prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes, and lypoxygenases (LOX), which form leukotrienes and lipoxins (LXs). In asthma, two primary pro-resolving derived mediators from COXs are PGE2 and the cyclopentenone prostaglandin15-Deoxy-Delta-12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2) while from LOXs are the LXA4 and LXB4. In different models of asthma, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, and LXs reduced lung inflammation and remodeling. Furthermore, these SPMs inhibited chemotaxis and function of several inflammatory cells involved in asthma pathogenesis, such as eosinophils, and presented an antiremodeling effect in airway epithelial, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in vitro. In addition, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, and LXs are all able to induce macrophage reprogramming to an alternative M2 pro-resolving phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Although PGE2 and LXA4 showed some beneficial effects in asthmatic patients, there are limitations to their clinical use, since PGE2 caused side effects, while LXA4 presented low stability. Therefore, despite the strong evidence that these AA-derived SPMs induce resolution of both inflammatory response and tissue remodeling in asthma, safer and more stable analogs must be developed for further clinical investigation of their application in asthma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximiliano Ruben Ferrero
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego de Sá Coutinho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Frias Carvalho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Koma H, Yamamoto Y, Okamura N, Yagami T. A plausible involvement of plasmalemmal voltage-dependent anion channel 1 in the neurotoxicity of 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14 -prostaglandin J 2. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01866. [PMID: 33200588 PMCID: PMC7749624 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 15-deoxy-Δ12,14 -prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2 ) causes neuronal apoptosis independently of its nuclear receptor, peroxysome-proliferator activated receptor γ. Its membrane receptor, chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2), did not also mediate the neurotoxicity of 15d-PGJ2 . In the present study, we ascertained whether membrane targets beside CRTH2 were involved in the neurotoxicity of 15d-PGJ2 . METHODS Neuronal membrane targets for 15d-PGJ2 were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, identified by proteomic approach. Their localizations were detected by microscopic immunofluorescence study. Cell viability and apoptosis was evaluated by MTT-reducing activity and caspase-3 activity, respectively. RESULTS Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) was identified as one of membrane targets for 15d-PGJ2 . Modification of VDAC1 with 15d-PGJ2 was detected by pull-down assay. VDAC1 was detected in the plasma membrane and localized on the neuronal cell surface. VDAC1 was partially colocalized with membrane targets for 15d-PGJ2 . The anti-VDAC antibody significantly attenuated the neurotoxicity of 15d-PGJ2 , accompanied by the suppression of the 15d-PGJ2 -stimulated caspase-3. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the plasmalemmal VDAC might be involved in the neurotoxicity of 15d-PGJ2 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Koma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Japan
| | - Noboru Okamura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tatsurou Yagami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nicolaou KC, Rigol S. Perspectives from nearly five decades of total synthesis of natural products and their analogues for biology and medicine. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1404-1435. [PMID: 32319494 PMCID: PMC7578074 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00003e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1970 to 2020By definition total synthesis is the art and science of making the molecules of living Nature in the laboratory, and by extension, their analogues. Although obvious, its application to the synthesis of molecules for biology and medicine was not always the purpose of total synthesis. In recent years, however, the field has acquired momentum as its power to reach higher molecular complexity and diversity is increasing, and as the demand for rare bioactive natural products and their analogues is expanding due to their recognised potential to facilitate biology and drug discovery and development. Today this component of total synthesis endeavors is considered highly desirable, and could be part of interdisciplinary academic and/or industrial partnerships, providing further inspiration and momentum to the field. In this review we provide a brief historical background of the emergence of the field of total synthesis as it relates to making molecules for biology and medicine. We then discuss specific examples of this practice from our laboratories as they developed over the years. The review ends with a conclusion and future perspectives for natural products chemistry and its applications to biology and medicine and other added-value contributions to science and society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Yang X, Yan W, Li R, Ye Q, You L, Xie W, Mo K, Fu R, Wang Y, Chen Y, Hou H, Yang Y, Birnbaumer L, Di Q, Li X. Thymopentin improves the survival of septic mice by promoting the production of 15-deoxy-prostaglandin J2 and activating the PPARγ signaling pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:11772-11785. [PMID: 32652815 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000467r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by infection, is a major public health concern with limited therapeutic options. Infection disturbs the homeostasis of host, resulting in excessive inflammation and immune suppression. This has prompted the clinical use of immunomodulators to balance host response as an alternative therapeutic strategy. Here, we report that Thymopentin (TP5), a synthetic immunomodulator pentapeptide (Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr) with an excellent safety profile in the clinic, protects mice against cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, as shown by improved survival rate, decreased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced ratios of macrophages and neutrophils in spleen and peritoneum. Regarding mechanism, TP5 changed the characteristics of LPS-stimulated macrophages by increasing the production of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14 -prostaglandin J2 (15-d-PGJ2). In addition, the improved effect of TP5 on survival rates was abolished by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist GW9662. Our results uncover the mechanism of the TP5 protective effects on CLP-induced sepsis and shed light on the development of TP5 as a therapeutic strategy for lethal systemic inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenchao Yan
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Ye
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linjun You
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Xie
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Mo
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruifeng Fu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Qin Di
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianjing Li
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shahzad S, Willcox M. Immuno-pathogenesis of nCOVID-19 and a possible host-directed therapy including anti-inflammatory and anti-viral prostaglandin (PG J 2) for effective treatment and reduction in the death toll. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110080. [PMID: 32683221 PMCID: PMC7341031 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronaviruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, also known as 2019-nCoV especially in China) replicate and divide in host cells. During this they are partly hidden from the innate immune responses although inflammatory consequences of viral replication still occur. We propose that anti-inflammatory antiviral prostaglandins may not only restrict viral replication but also prevent inflammatory responses in the lungs and other vital organs that are known to be part of the immuno-pathogenesis of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The combination of anti-inflammatory antiviral prostaglandins with interferons may lead to the clearance of viruses inside growth-restricted infected cells. However, further experimental studies and clinical trials should be conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these possible therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Shahzad
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The Anti-Neuron-Specific Enolase Antibody Induced Neuronal Cell Death in a Novel Fashion. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2265-2278. [PMID: 32006234 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) and stimulation of caspase-3 are involved in neurodegeneration. Can UPP activators and caspase-3 inhibitors ameliorate neurodegeneration? Here, we found a novel neuronal cell death accompanied with UPP activation and caspase-3 inhibition. Recently, plasmalemmal neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been identified as one of membrane targets of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). 15d-PGJ2 induces neuronal apoptosis via activating caspase-3 and inactivating UPP, whereas the anti-NSE antibody inactivated caspase-3, activated UPP, and caused neuronal cell death. The anti-NSE antibody activated caspase-1 (pyroptosis marker), but not condense chromatin (apoptosis marker). The anti-NSE antibody declined intracellular level of ATP, which is not altered in pyroptosis. The intracellular level of calcium is elevated in necrosis and pyroptosis, but its chelator did not ameliorate the neurotoxicity of anti-NSE. Thiol antioxidants such as N-acetyl cysteine and glutathione reduced the neurotoxicity of 15d-PGJ2 but enhanced that of the anti-NSE antibody. The anti-NSE antibody incorporated propidium iodide into neurons through the disrupted plasma membrane, which are not observed in ferroptosis and autophagic cell death. Thus, the anti-NSE antibody induced neuronal cell death in a novel fashion distinguished from necrosis, necroptosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagic cell death.
Collapse
|
20
|
Prostaglandin D 2 stimulates phenotypic changes in vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-10. [PMID: 31735914 PMCID: PMC6859158 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since chronic inflammation is associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, inflammatory cytokines might contribute to the phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) facilitated the transformation of contractile VSMCs to the synthetic phenotype, as determined by the expression of marker proteins and a collagen gel contraction assay. Western blot analysis and a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) promoter assay revealed that TNFα stimulation resulted in the induction of COX2. The overexpression, silencing, or pharmacological inhibition of COX2 significantly affected TNFα-induced phenotypic conversion, and of the tested prostaglandins, only PGD2 significantly induced phenotypic conversion. ERK was significantly activated by PGD2 stimulation, and the pharmacological inhibition of ERK blocked the PGD2-induced phenotypic conversion of VSMCs. However, antagonists or agonists of PGD2 receptors did not affect VSMC conversion. In contrast, spontaneously dehydrated forms of PGD2, such as PGJ2, Δ12-PGJ2, and 15-d-PGJ2, strongly induced phenotypic conversion. A reporter gene assay showed that TNFα, PGD2, and 15-d-PGJ2 significantly activated the peroxisome proliferator-responsive element (PPRE) promoter. In addition, the overexpression or silencing of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) significantly influenced 15-d-PGJ2-induced phenotypic conversion. Finally, atherosclerotic neointima formation was significantly suppressed in mice lacking TNFα. In addition, mice fed celecoxib exhibited complete inhibition of carotid artery ligation-induced neointima formation. This study shows that PGD2 regulates the phenotypic conversion of VSMCs by generating an endogenous ligand of PPAR, and that this leads to neointima formation in occlusive arterial disease. A lipid compound that stimulates muscle cells to change type is instrumental in the development of arterial plaque formation in artherosclerosis. Sun Sik Bae at Pusan National University School of Medicine in Gyungnam, South Korea, and co-workers examined the role of inflammatory proteins in the development of artherosclerosis, a condition involving the build-up of scar tissue or ‘plaques’ on artery walls. The behavior of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is crucial to plaque development because, triggered by inflammatory protein activity, the cells switch from contractile-type cells to faster proliferating VSMCs, accelerating plaque growth. The team found that a compound called prostaglandin D2, a direct by-product of inflammatory protein behavior, together with a protein regulating gene expression, are key factors triggering this VSMC change. These insights may prove valuable in developing therapies for artherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Koma H, Yamamoto Y, Kumagai H, Yagami T. 4,4-Diisothiocyanatostilbene Disulfonic Acid Enhanced 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1913-1920. [PMID: 31685774 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
4,4-Diisothiocyanatostilbene disulfonic acid (DIDS), an antagonist of anion channel including voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), acts as both neurotoxicant and neuroprotectant, resulting in the controversy. VDAC contributes to neuronal apoptosis and is a candidate target protein of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). Caspase-3 is activated during neuronal apoptosis caused by 15d-PGJ2. In the present study, we ascertained whether DIDS was neuroprotective or neurotoxic in the primary culture of rat cortical neurons. Neuronal cell viabilities were primarily evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Plasma membrane integrity and apoptosis were detected by the staining of propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst33342, respectively. Alternatively, apoptosis was also measured by caspase-3 assay kit. DIDS did not prevent neurons from undergoing the 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis. In contrast, DIDS caused neuronal cell death in a concentration-dependent manner by itself, confirming its neurotoxicity. The sublethal application of DIDS did not decrease MTT-reducing activity, increase caspase-3 activity, condense chromatin, allow PI to enter neuron and degenerate neuronal morphology significantly. Interestingly, DIDS enhanced the 15d-PGJ2-induced neuronal apoptosis markedly under the sublethal condition. To our knowledge, this is the first report of synergistic effects of DIDS on the neurotoxicity of 15d-PGJ2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Koma
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University (HDU)
| | - Yasuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University (HDU)
| | - Hiroaki Kumagai
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University (HDU)
| | - Tatsurou Yagami
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University (HDU)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bteich M. An overview of albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein main characteristics: highlighting the roles of amino acids in binding kinetics and molecular interactions. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02879. [PMID: 31844752 PMCID: PMC6895661 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Albumin (ALB) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) have distinctive structural and functional characteristics, they both play a key role in binding a large variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands. An extensive binding to these plasma proteins could have a potential impact on drugs disposition (e.g. bioavailability, distribution and clearance), on their innocuity and their efficacy. This review summarizes the common knowledge about the structural and molecular characteristics of both ALB and AGP in humans, and about the most involved amino acids in their high-affinity binding pockets. However, the variability in residues found in binding pockets, for the same species, allows each plasma protein to interact differently with the ligands. The protein-ligand interaction influences differently the disposition of drugs that bind to either of these plasma proteins. The content of this review is useful for the design of new drug entities with high-binding characteristics, in qualitative and quantitative modelling (e.g. in vitro-in vivo extrapolations, 3D molecular docking, interspecies extrapolations), and for other interdisciplinary research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bteich
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Loza VV, Gimazetdinov AM, Miftakhov MS. Cross-Conjugated Cyclopentenone Prostaglandins. Recent Advances. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428018110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Tavares Pereira M, Graubner FR, Rehrauer H, Janowski T, Hoffmann B, Boos A, Kowalewski MP. Global Transcriptomic Analysis of the Canine corpus luteum (CL) During the First Half of Diestrus and Changes Induced by in vivo Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthase 2 (PTGS2/COX2). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 31798528 PMCID: PMC6863809 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The canine luteal phase exhibits several peculiarities compared with other species. In early diestrus, the corpus luteum (CL) is, at least in part, independent of gonadotropins, and prostaglandins (PGs) appear to be among its main regulators. This was also observed with the inhibition in vivo of COX2, when also transcriptional capacity, vascularization and immune-related factors were affected. Here, we aimed to further investigate the potential effects of PGs withdrawal on the CL transcriptome by performing deep RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Samples from a previous in vivo study were used; bitches were treated for 5, 10, 20, or 30 days after ovulation with firocoxib (Previcox®), a PTGS2/COX2 inhibitor, or a placebo. Analysis of results was performed with SUSHI (framework from FGCZ) and with pathways and functional networks analyzers. Time-dependent effects were also investigated and used for quality control. More highly represented differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P < 0.01, FDR < 0.1) in the early CL (days 5 and 10) referred to proliferation and immune system, while in the mature CL (days 20 and 30) they were related with steroidogenesis. The absence of genes concomitantly affected by the treatment at all time-points suggested stage-dependency in the observed effects. Little effect was observed on days 5 and 10. Day 20 had the highest number of DEGs (n = 1,741), related with increased immune response. On day 30, DEGs found (n = 552) referred to decreased steroidogenesis and vascularization. Our results suggest the presence of strong compensatory effects in the early CL and multidirectional effects toward gonadotropin-dependency of the CL after COX2 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Tavares Pereira
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix R. Graubner
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (FGCZ) ETH/UZH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Janowski
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alois Boos
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariusz P. Kowalewski
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Mariusz P. Kowalewski ;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nicolaou KC, Pulukuri KK, Rigol S, Peitsinis Z, Yu R, Kishigami S, Cen N, Aujay M, Sandoval J, Zepeda N, Gavrilyuk J. Short Total Synthesis of Δ 12-Prostaglandin J 2 and Related Prostaglandins. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Macrocyclic Δ 12-Prostaglandin J 2 Analogues. J Org Chem 2018; 84:365-378. [PMID: 30557504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Comprised of a large collection of structurally diverse molecules, the prostaglandins exhibit a wide range of biological properties. Among them are Δ12-prostaglandin J2 (Δ12-PGJ2) and Δ12-prostaglandin J3 (Δ12-PGJ3), whose unusual structural motifs and potent cytotoxicities present unique opportunities for chemical and biological investigations. Herein, we report a short olefin-metathesis-based total synthesis of Δ12-PGJ2 and its application to the construction of a series of designed analogues possessing monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric macrocyclic lactones consisting of units of this prostaglandin. Biological evaluation of these analogues led to interesting structure-activity relationships and trends and the discovery of a number of more potent antitumor agents than their parent naturally occurring molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Kiran Kumar Pulukuri
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Zisis Peitsinis
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Ruocheng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Satoshi Kishigami
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Nicholas Cen
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Monette Aujay
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Nancy Zepeda
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rahman MS, Syeda PK, Nartey MNN, Chowdhury MMI, Shimizu H, Nishimura K, Jisaka M, Shono F, Yokota K. Comparison of pro-adipogenic effects between prostaglandin (PG) D 2 and its stable, isosteric analogue, 11-deoxy-11-methylene-PGD 2, during the maturation phase of cultured adipocytes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 139:71-79. [PMID: 30393164 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) D2 is relatively unstable and dehydrated non-enzymatically into PGJ2 derivatives, which are known to serve as pro-adipogenic factors by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, a master regulator of adipogenesis. 11-Deoxy-11-methylene-PGD2 (11d-11m-PGD2) is a novel, chemically stable, isosteric analogue of PGD2 in which the 11-keto group is replaced by an exocyclic methylene. Here we attempted to investigate pro-adipogenic effects of PGD2 and 11d-11m-PGD2 and to compare the difference in their ways during the maturation phase of cultured adipocytes. The dose-dependent study showed that 11d-11m-PGD2 was significantly more potent than natural PGD2 to stimulate the storage of fats suppressed in the presence of indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. These pro-adipogenic effects were caused by the up-regulation of adipogenesis as evident with higher gene expression levels of adipogenesis markers. Analysis of transcript levels revealed the enhanced gene expression of two subtypes of cell-surface membrane receptors for PGD2, namely the prostanoid DP1 and DP2 (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2)) receptors together with lipocalin-type PGD synthase during the maturation phase. Specific agonists for DP1, CRTH2, and PPARγ were appreciably effective to rescue adipogenesis attenuated by indomethacin. The action of PGD2 was attenuated by specific antagonists for DP1 and PPARγ. By contrast, the effect of 11d-11m-PGD2 was more potently interfered by a selective antagonist for CRTH2 than that for DP1 while PPARγ antagonist GW9662 had almost no inhibitory effects. These results suggest that PGD2 exerts its pro-adipogenic effect principally through the mediation of DP1 and PPARγ, whereas the stimulatory effect of 11d-11m-PGD2 on adipogenesis occurs preferentially by the interaction with CRTH2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahidur Rahman
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Pinky Karim Syeda
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Michael N N Nartey
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Md Mazharul Islam Chowdhury
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Jisaka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Shono
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kazushige Yokota
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yagami T, Yamamoto Y, Koma H. Pathophysiological Roles of Intracellular Proteases in Neuronal Development and Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3090-3112. [PMID: 30097848 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are classified into six distinct classes (cysteine, serine, threonine, aspartic, glutamic, and metalloproteases) on the basis of catalytic mechanism. The cellular control of protein quality senses misfolded or damaged proteins principally by selective ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and non-selective autophagy-lysosome pathway. The two pathways do not only maintain cell homeostasis physiologically, but also mediate necrosis and apoptosis pathologically. Proteasomes are threonine proteases, whereas cathepsins are lysosomal aspartic proteases. Calpains are non-lysosomal cysteine proteases and calcium-dependent papain-like enzyme. Calpains and cathepsins are involved in the neuronal necrosis, which are accidental cell death. Necrosis is featured by the disruption of plasma membranes and lysosomes, the loss of ATP and ribosomes, the lysis of cell and nucleus, and the caspase-independent DNA fragmentation. On the other hand, caspases are cysteine endoproteases and mediate neuronal cell death such as apoptosis and pyroptosis, which are programmed cell death. In the central nervous system, necroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagic cell death are also classified into programmed cell death. Neuronal apoptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, karyorrhexis, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation. Necroptosis and pyroptosis are necrotic and lytic forms of programmed cell death, respectively. Although autophagy is involved in cell survival, it fails to maintain cellular homeostasis, resulting in autophagic cell death. Ferroptosis is induced by reactive oxygen species in excitotoxicity of glutamate and ischemia-reperfusion. Apoptosis and pyroptosis are dependent on caspase-3 and caspase-1, respectively. Autophagic cell death and necroptosis are dependent on calpain and cathepsin, respectively, but independent of caspase. Although apoptosis has been defined by the absence of morphological features of necrosis, the two deaths are both parts of a continuum. The intracellular proteases do not only maintain cell homeostasis but also regulate neuronal maturation during the development of embryonic brain. Furthermore, neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the impairment of quality control mechanisms for a proper folding and function of protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiromi Koma
- Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Furman R, Lee JV, Axelsen PH. Analysis of eicosanoid oxidation products in Alzheimer brain by LC-MS with uniformly 13C-labeled internal standards. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 118:108-118. [PMID: 29476920 PMCID: PMC5884722 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acyl (PUFA) chain oxidation products in tissue samples by mass spectrometry is hindered by the lack of durable internal standards for the large number of possible products. To address this problem in a study of oxidative PUFA degradation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, uniformly 13C-labeled arachidonic acid (ARA) was produced biosynthetically, and allowed to oxidize under controlled conditions into a mixture of U-13C-labeled ARA oxidation products. The components of this mixture were characterized with respect to their partitioning behavior during lipid extraction, their durability during saponification, trends in mouse brain tissue concentrations during post mortem intervals, and their overall suitability as internal standards for multiple-reaction monitoring tandem mass spectrometry. This mixture has now been used as a set of internal standards to determine the relative abundance of ARA and 54 non-stereospecific oxidation products in milligram samples of brain tissue. Many of these oxidation products were recovered from both healthy mouse and healthy human brain, although some of them were unique to each source, and some have not heretofore been described. The list of oxidation products detected in AD brain tissue was the same as in healthy human brain, although simple hydroxy-eicosanoids were significantly increased in AD brain. while more complex oxidation products were not. These results are consistent with an increased level of chemically-mediated oxidative ARA degradation in Alzheimer's disease. However, they also point to the existence of processes that selectively produce or eliminate specific oxidation products, and those processes may account for some of the inconsistencies in previously reported results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Furman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jin V Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Paul H Axelsen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kumari N, Jaynes PW, Saei A, Iyengar PV, Richard JLC, Eichhorn PJA. The roles of ubiquitin modifying enzymes in neoplastic disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:456-483. [PMID: 28923280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The initial experiments performed by Rose, Hershko, and Ciechanover describing the identification of a specific degradation signal in short-lived proteins paved the way to the discovery of the ubiquitin mediated regulation of numerous physiological functions required for cellular homeostasis. Since their discovery of ubiquitin and ubiquitin function over 30years ago it has become wholly apparent that ubiquitin and their respective ubiquitin modifying enzymes are key players in tumorigenesis. The human genome encodes approximately 600 putative E3 ligases and 80 deubiquitinating enzymes and in the majority of cases these enzymes exhibit specificity in sustaining either pro-tumorigenic or tumour repressive responses. In this review, we highlight the known oncogenic and tumour suppressive effects of ubiquitin modifying enzymes in cancer relevant pathways with specific focus on PI3K, MAPK, TGFβ, WNT, and YAP pathways. Moreover, we discuss the capacity of targeting DUBs as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Kumari
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Patrick William Jaynes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Azad Saei
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | | | - Pieter Johan Adam Eichhorn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Peinhaupt M, Sturm EM, Heinemann A. Prostaglandins and Their Receptors in Eosinophil Function and As Therapeutic Targets. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:104. [PMID: 28770200 PMCID: PMC5515835 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the known prostanoid receptors, human eosinophils express the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) receptors DP1 [also D-type prostanoid (DP)] and DP2 (also chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule, expressed on Th2 cells), the prostaglandin E2 receptors EP2 and EP4, and the prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor IP. Prostanoids can bind to either one or multiple receptors, characteristically have a short half-life in vivo, and are quickly degraded into metabolites with altered affinity and specificity for a given receptor subtype. Prostanoid receptors signal mainly through G proteins and naturally activate signal transduction pathways according to the G protein subtype that they preferentially interact with. This can lead to the activation of sometimes opposing signaling pathways. In addition, prostanoid signaling is often cell-type specific and also the combination of expressed receptors can influence the outcome of the prostanoid impulse. Accordingly, it is assumed that eosinophils and their (patho-)physiological functions are governed by a sensitive prostanoid signaling network. In this review, we specifically focus on the functions of PGD2, PGE2, and PGI2 and their receptors on eosinophils. We discuss their significance in allergic and non-allergic diseases and summarize potential targets for drug intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Peinhaupt
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M Sturm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Prostaglandin D 2 enhances lipid accumulation through suppression of lipolysis via DP2 (CRTH2) receptors in adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28623133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) D2 enhanced lipid accumulation in adipocytes. However, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms of PGD2-elevated lipid accumulation in mouse adipocytic 3T3-L1 cells. The Gi-coupled DP2 (CRTH2) receptors (DP2R), one of the two-types of PGD2 receptors were dominantly expressed in adipocytes. A DP2R antagonist, CAY10595, but not DP1 receptor antagonist, BWA868C cleared the PGD2-elevated intracellular triglyceride level. While, a DP2R agonist, 15R-15-methyl PGD2 (15R) increased the mRNA levels of the adipogenic and lipogenic genes, and decreased the glycerol release level. In addition, the forskolin-mediated increase of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) activity and phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was repressed by the co-treatment with 15R. Moreover, the lipolysis was enhanced in the adipocyte-differentiated DP2R gene-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These results indicate that PGD2 suppressed the lipolysis by repression of the cAMP-PKA-HSL axis through DP2R in adipocytes.
Collapse
|
33
|
Naldi M, Baldassarre M, Domenicali M, Bartolini M, Caraceni P. Structural and functional integrity of human serum albumin: Analytical approaches and clinical relevance in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 144:138-153. [PMID: 28465079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant circulating plasma protein. Besides a significant contribution to the osmotic pressure, it is also involved in the fine regulation of many other physiological processes, including the balance of the redox state, the inflammatory and/or immunological responses, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of many drugs. Growing evidence suggests that HSA undergoes structural and functional damage in diseases characterized by an enhanced systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress, as it occurs in chronic liver disease. Based on their clinical relevance, this review provides a summary of the most common post-translational modifications affecting HSA structural integrity and functions and their clinical relevance in the field of liver disease. The review also provides a critical description of the analytical approaches employed for the investigation of conformational alterations and the identification/quantitation of specific post-translational modifications affecting HSA. Finally, the analytical methods available for the assessment of two of the most clinically relevant non-oncotic properties of HSA, namely the binding capacity and the antioxidant activity, are critically reviewed. Among the available techniques particular attention is given to those proposed for the in vitro and in vivo investigation of structurally modified albumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Naldi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Baldassarre
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Italy
| | - Marco Domenicali
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Italy
| | - Paolo Caraceni
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Physiological and Pathological Roles of 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 in the Central Nervous System and Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2227-2248. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
35
|
Vostrikov NS, Lobko IF, Spirikhin LV, Vakhitova YV, Pivnitsky KK, Miftakhov MS. Side-modified 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14 -prostaglandin D 2 , precursor of corresponding PGJ 2 . Synthesis from cloprostenol and anticancer activity. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
36
|
Vostrikov NS, Lobko IF, Spirikhin LV, Miftakhov MS. Practical F/Δ12,14-D transformation in the prostaglandin series. synthesis of methyl (±)-(5Z,12E,14E)-9α-acetoxy- 16-(3-chlorophenoxy)-15-deoxy-11-oxo-17,18,19,20-tetranorprosta- 5,12,14-trienoate from cloprostenol. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428016120095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
37
|
Koma H, Yamamoto Y, Nishii A, Yagami T. 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 induced neurotoxicity via suppressing phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Neuropharmacology 2016; 113:416-425. [PMID: 27771378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis independently of its receptors. 15d-PGJ2 inhibits growth factor-induced cell proliferation of primary astrocytes via down-regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway. Although 15d-PGJ2-reduced cell viability is accompanied with attenuation of the PI3K signaling in neuroblastoma, it has not been sufficiently clarified how 15d-PGJ2 induces cell death in primary neurons. Here, we found that 15d-PGJ2 exhibited neurotoxicity via inhibiting the PI3K signaling in the primary culture of rat cortical neurons. A PI3K inhibitor induced neuronal cell death regardless serum throughout maturation, confirming that PI3K is required for neuronal cell survival. The inhibitor disrupted neuronal cell bodies, shortened neurites thinly, damaged plasma membranes and activated caspase-3 similarly to 15d-PGJ2. Little additive or synergistic neurotoxicity was detected between 15d-PGJ2 and the PI3K inhibitor. A PI3K activator prevented neurons from undergoing the 15d-PGJ2-induced cell death in vitro. In vivo, the PI3K signaling is required for contextual memory retrieval, which was impaired by bilateral injection of 15d-PGJ2 into hippocampus. The activator suppressed the 15d-PGJ2-impaired memory retrieval significantly. In neurons as well as primary astrocytes and neuroblastomas, 15d-PGJ2 exhibited cytotoxicity via suppressing the PI3K-Akt pathway in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Koma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-8524 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-8524 Japan
| | - Ayaka Nishii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-8524 Japan
| | - Tatsurou Yagami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-8524 Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Radnai B, Sturm EM, Stančić A, Jandl K, Labocha S, Ferreirós N, Grill M, Hasenoehrl C, Gorkiewicz G, Marsche G, Heinemann Á, Högenauer C, Schicho R. Eosinophils Contribute to Intestinal Inflammation via Chemoattractant Receptor-homologous Molecule Expressed on Th2 Cells, CRTH2, in Experimental Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:1087-95. [PMID: 26928963 PMCID: PMC4892354 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prostaglandin [PG] D2 activates two receptors, DP and CRTH2. Antagonism of CRTH2 has been shown to promote anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated whether CRTH2 may play a role in Crohn's disease [CD], focusing on eosinophils which are widely present in the inflamed mucosa of CD patients and express both receptors. METHODS Using the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid [TNBS]-induced colitis model, involvement of CRTH2 in colitis was investigated by pharmacological antagonism, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, immunoassay, and leukocyte recruitment. Chemotactic assays were performed with isolated human eosinophils. Biopsies and serum samples of CD patients were examined for presence of CRTH2 and ligands, respectively. RESULTS High amounts of CRTH2-positive cells, including eosinophils, are present in the colonic mucosa of mice with TNBS colitis and in human CD. The CRTH2 antagonist OC-459, but not the DP antagonist MK0524, reduced inflammation scores and decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 as compared with control mice. OC-459 inhibited recruitment of eosinophils into the colon and also inhibited CRTH2-induced chemotaxis of human eosinophils in vitro. Eosinophil-depleted ΔdblGATA knockout mice were less sensitive to TNBS-induced colitis, whereas IL-5 transgenic mice with lifelong eosinophilia were more severely affected than wild types. In addition, we show that serum levels of PGD2 and Δ(12)-PGJ2 were increased in CD patients as compared with control individuals. CONCLUSIONS CRTH2 plays a pro-inflammatory role in TNBS-induced colitis. Eosinophils contribute to the severity of the inflammation, which is improved by a selective CRTH2 antagonist. CRTH2 may, therefore, represent an important target in the pharmacotherapy of CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Radnai
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M Sturm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Stančić
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Jandl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Labocha
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Magdalena Grill
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Carina Hasenoehrl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gunther Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ákos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Rudolf Schicho
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nicolaou KC, Pulukuri KK, Yu R, Rigol S, Heretsch P, Grove CI, Hale CRH, ElMarrouni A. Total Synthesis of Δ12-Prostaglandin J3: Evolution of Synthetic Strategies to a Streamlined Process. Chemistry 2016; 22:8559-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Kiran Kumar Pulukuri
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Ruocheng Yu
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Philipp Heretsch
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Charles I. Grove
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Christopher R. H. Hale
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Abdelatif ElMarrouni
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Khan F, Syeda PK, Nartey MNN, Rahman MS, Islam MS, Nishimura K, Jisaka M, Shono F, Yokota K. Pretreatment of cultured preadipocytes with arachidonic acid during the differentiation phase without a cAMP-elevating agent enhances fat storage after the maturation phase. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 123:16-27. [PMID: 26928048 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) and the related prostanoids exert complex effects on the adipocyte differentiation depending on the culture conditions and life stages. Here, we investigated the effect of the pretreatment of cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with exogenous AA during the differentiation phase without 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), a cAMP-elevating agent, on the storage of fats after the maturation phase. This pretreatment with AA stimulated appreciably adipogenesis after the maturation phase as evident with the up-regulated gene expression of adipogenic markers. The stimulatory effect of the pretreatment with AA was attenuated by the co-incubation with each of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. Among exogenous prostanoids and related compounds, the pretreatment with MRE-269, a selective agonist of the IP receptor for prostaglandin (PG) I2, strikingly stimulated the storage of fats in adipocytes. The gene expression analysis of arachidonate COX pathway revealed that the transcript levels of inducible COX-2, membrane-bound PGE synthase-1, and PGF synthase declined more greatly in cultured preadipocytes treated with AA. By contrast, the expression levels of COX-1, cytosolic PGE synthase, and PGI synthase remained constitutive. The treatment of cultured preadipocytes with AA resulted in the decreased synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2α serving as anti-adipogenic PGs although the biosynthesis of pro-adipogenic PGI2 was up-regulated during the differentiation phase. Moreover, the gene expression levels of EP4 and FP, the respective prostanoid receptors for PGE2 and PGF2α, were gradually suppressed by the supplementation with AA, whereas that of IP for PGI2 remained relatively constant. Collectively, these results suggest the predominant role of endogenous PGI2 in the stimulatory effect of the pretreatment of cultured preadipoccytes with AA during the differentiation phase without IBMX on adipogenesis after the maturation phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdous Khan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Pinky Karim Syeda
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Michael Nii N Nartey
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Mohammad Shahidur Rahman
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Center for Integrated Research in Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Jisaka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Shono
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 7700-8514, Japan
| | - Kazushige Yokota
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Identification of a prostaglandin D2 metabolite as a neuritogenesis enhancer targeting the TRPV1 ion channel. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21261. [PMID: 26879669 PMCID: PMC4754695 DOI: 10.1038/srep21261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play important roles in allergic inflammation by secreting various mediators. In the present study, based on the finding that the medium conditioned by activated RBL-2H3 mast cells enhanced the nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neuritogenesis of PC12 cells, we attempted to isolate an active compound from the mast cell conditioned culture medium. Our experiment identified 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2), one of the PGD2 metabolites, as a potential enhancer of neuritogenesis. 15d-PGJ2 strongly enhanced the neuritogenesis elicited by a low-concentration of NGF that alone was insufficient to induce the neuronal differentiation. This 15d-PGJ2 effect was exerted in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, but independently of the NGF receptor TrkA. Importantly, 15d-PGJ2 activated the transient receptor potential vanilloid-type 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective cation channel, leading to the Ca(2+) influx. In addition, we observed that (i) NGF promoted the insertion of TRPV1 into the cell surface membrane and (ii) 15d-PGJ2 covalently bound to TRPV1. These findings suggest that the NGF/15d-PGJ2-induced neuritogenesis may be regulated by two sets of mechanisms, one for the translocation of TRPV1 into the cell surface by NGF and one for the activation of TRPV1 by 15d-PGJ2. Thus, there is most likely a link between allergic inflammation and activation of the neuronal differentiation.
Collapse
|
42
|
15d-Prostaglandin J2 induced reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis during experimental visceral leishmaniasis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:695-710. [PMID: 26830627 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED 15-Deoxy-delta (12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PgJ2) is a potent bioactive lipid mediator, known to possess several roles in cell regulation and differentiation along with antimicrobial efficacy against different bacterial and viral infections. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of 15d-PgJ2 in vitro in Leishmania donovani promastigotes and infected J774 macrophages, and in vivo in Balb/c mice/golden hamster model of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. 15d-PgJ2 effectively killed L. donovani promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro with IC50 of 104.6 and 80.09 nM, respectively. At 2 mg/kg (mice) and 4 mg/kg (hamster) doses, 15d-PgJ2 decreased >90 % spleen and liver parasite burden. It significantly reduced interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β synthesis in infected macrophages and splenocytes. 15d-PgJ2 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptosis of promastigotes by triggering phosphatidyl serine externalization, mitochondrial membrane damage and inducing caspase-like activity. In vitro drug interaction studies revealed an indifference to the synergistic association of 15d-PgJ2 with Miltefosine and Amphotericin-B (Amp-B). Moreover, when combined with sub-curative doses of Miltefosine and Amphotericin-B, 15d-PgJ2 resulted in >95 % parasite removal. Our results suggested that 15d-PgJ2 induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of L. donovani and is a good therapeutic candidate for adjunct therapy against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. KEY MESSAGE 15d-PgJ2 effectively eliminated both promastigotes and amastigotes form of L. donovani. 15d-PgJ2 decreased parasite burden from infected mice and hamsters with reduced Th2 cytokines. 15d-PgJ2 induced ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis of L. donovani promastigotes. 15d-PgJ2 is a good therapeutic candidate for adjunct therapy with Miltefosine and Amp-B.
Collapse
|
43
|
Yamamoto Y, Koma H, Yagami T. Localization of 14-3-3δ/ξ on the neuronal cell surface. Exp Cell Res 2015; 338:149-61. [PMID: 26363361 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are intracellularly expressed as ubiquitous adaptor proteins. Here, we found localization of 14-3-3δ/ξ on the neuronal cell surface. 14-3-3δ/ξ was identified as a membrane target for 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). 15d-PGJ2 is a pathological mediator of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). A causative peptide for AD, amyloid β, is one of binding partner of 14-3-3δ/ξ. Non-permeabilized neurons were used to avoid the intracellular effects of anti-14-3-3δ/ξ antibody in the present study. The plasmalemmal 14-3-3δ/ξ, but not the cytosolic one, was stimulated by its specific antibody, resulting in neuronal cell death. The neurotoxicity of anti-14-3-3δ/ξ antibody was suppressed by an antioxidant, catalase. Catalase prevented neurons from anti-14-3-3δ/ξ antibody-generating neurotoxic H2O2. The neuroprotective effect of catalase was also detected with the post-treatment of neurons after the application of anti-14-3-3δ/ξ antibody. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade is a down-stream consequence of H2O2 exposure. A c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor suppressed anti-14-3-3δ/ξ antibody-induced neuronal cell death. To my knowledge, this is the first report that the antibody-stimulated plasmalemmal 14-3-3δ/ξ induced neuronal cell death. Furthermore, H2O2 and JNK contributed to the neurotoxicity of anti-14-3-3δ/ξ antibody as well as those of amyloid β and 15d-PGJ2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 2-1, kami-ohno 7-Chome, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
| | - Hiromi Koma
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 2-1, kami-ohno 7-Chome, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
| | - Tatsurou Yagami
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 2-1, kami-ohno 7-Chome, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pathophysiological Roles of Cyclooxygenases and Prostaglandins in the Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4754-71. [PMID: 26328537 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases (COXs) oxidize arachidonic acid to prostaglandin (PG) G2 and H2 followed by PG synthases that generates PGs and thromboxane (TX) A2. COXs are divided into COX-1 and COX-2. In the central nervous system, COX-1 is constitutively expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglial cells. COX-2 is upregulated in these cells under pathophysiological conditions. In hippocampal long-term potentiation, COX-2, PGE synthase, and PGE2 are induced in post-synaptic neurons. PGE2 acts pre-synaptic EP2 receptor, generates cAMP, stimulates protein kinase A, modulates voltage-dependent calcium channel, facilitates glutamatergic synaptic transmission, and potentiates long-term plasticity. PGD2, PGE2, and PGI2 exhibit neuroprotective effects via Gs-coupled DP1, EP2/EP4, and IP receptors, respectively. COX-2, PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, and TXA2 are elevated in stroke. COX-2 inhibitors exhibit neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epilepsy, and schizophrenia, suggesting neurotoxicities of COX products. PGE2, PGF2α, and TXA2 can contribute to the neurodegeneration via EP1, FP, and TP receptors, respectively, which are coupled with Gq, stimulate phospholipase C and cleave phosphatidylinositol diphosphate to produce inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol. Inositol triphosphate binds to inositol triphosphate receptor in endoplasmic reticulum, releases calcium, and results in increasing intracellular calcium concentrations. Diacylglycerol activates calcium-dependent protein kinases. PGE2 disrupts Ca(2+) homeostasis by impairing Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange via EP1, resulting in the excess Ca(2+) accumulation. Neither PGE2, PGF2α, nor TXA2 causes neuronal cell death by itself, suggesting that they might enhance the ischemia-induced neurodegeneration. Alternatively, PGE2 is non-enzymatically dehydrated to a cyclopentenone PGA2, which induces neuronal cell death. Although PGD2 induces neuronal apoptosis after a lag time, neither DP1 nor DP2 is involved in the neurotoxicity. As well as PGE2, PGD2 is non-enzymatically dehydrated to a cyclopentenone 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-PGJ2, which induces neuronal apoptosis without a lag time. However, neurotoxicities of these cyclopentenones are independent of their receptors. The COX-2 inhibitor inhibits both the anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth of glioma cell lines regardless of COX-2 expression, suggesting that some COX-2-independent mechanisms underlie the antineoplastic effect of the inhibitor. PGE2 attenuates this antineoplastic effect, suggesting that the predominant mechanism is COX-dependent. COX-2 or EP1 inhibitors show anti-neoplastic effects. Thus, our review presents evidences for pathophysiological roles of cyclooxygenases and prostaglandins in the central nervous system.
Collapse
|
45
|
Goncharov NV, Belinskaia DA, Razygraev AV, Ukolov AI. [On the Enzymatic Activity of Albumin]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 41:131-44. [PMID: 26165120 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Albumin molecule, unlike molecules of many other plasma proteins, is not covered with carbohydrate shell. It plays a crucial role in maintaining of colloid osmotic pressure of the blood, and is able to bind and transport various endogenous and exogenous molecules. The enzymatic activity of albumin, the existence and the role of which most researchers are still skeptical to accept, is of the main interest to us. In this review, a history of the issue is traced, with particular attention to the esterase activity of albumin. The kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of the interaction of albumin with some substrates are adduced, and possibility of albumin being attributed to certain groups of Enzyme Nomenclature is considered.
Collapse
|
46
|
Guan NN, Svennersten K, de Verdier PJ, Wiklund NP, Gustafsson LE. Receptors involved in the modulation of guinea pig urinary bladder motility by prostaglandin D2. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4024-37. [PMID: 25917171 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have described a urothelium-dependent release of PGD2 -like activity which had inhibitory effects on the motility of guinea pig urinary bladder. Here, we have pharmacologically characterized the receptors involved and localized the sites of PGD2 formation and of its receptors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In the presence of selective DP and TP receptor antagonists alone or combined, PGD2 was applied to urothelium-denuded diclofenac-treated urinary bladder strips mounted in organ baths. Antibodies against PGD2 synthase and DP1 receptors were used with Western blots and for histochemistry. KEY RESULTS PGD2 inhibited nerve stimulation -induced contractions in strips of guinea pig urinary bladder with estimated pIC50 of 7.55 ± 0.15 (n = 13), an effect blocked by the DP1 receptor antagonist BW-A868C. After blockade of DP1 receptors, PGD2 enhanced the contractions, an effect abolished by the TP receptor antagonist SQ-29548. Histochemistry revealed strong immunoreactivity for PGD synthase in the urothelium/suburothelium with strongest reaction in the suburothelium. Immunoreactive DP1 receptors were found in the smooth muscle of the bladder wall with a dominant localization to smooth muscle membranes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In guinea pig urinary bladder, the main effect of PGD2 is an inhibitory action via DP1 receptors localized to the smooth muscle, but an excitatory effect via TP receptors can also be evoked. The urothelium with its suburothelium might signal to the smooth muscle which is rich in PGD2 receptors of the DP1 type. The results are important for our understanding of regulation of bladder motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na N Guan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Svennersten
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra J de Verdier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Peter Wiklund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars E Gustafsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Lipid-derived electrophilic molecules are endogenously generated and are causally involved in many pathophysiological effects. Prostaglandin D2, a major cyclooxygenase product in a variety of tissues and cells, readily undergoes dehydration to yield the J-series PGs such as 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2). Because of the electrophilic α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety present in its cyclopentenone ring, 15d-PGJ2 acts as an endogenous electrophile. 15d-PGJ2 can covalently react via the Michael addition reaction with critical cellular nucleophiles, such as the free cysteine residues of proteins that play a key role in the regulation of the intracellular signaling pathways. Covalent modification of cellular proteins by 15d-PGJ2 may be one of the most important mechanisms by which 15d-PGJ2 induces many biological responses involved in the pathophysiological effects associated with inflammation. This current review is intended to provide a comprehensive summary of 15d-PGJ2 as an endogenous electrophilic mediator of biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shibata
- a Laboratory of Food and Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hosoi T, Matsuzaki S, Miyahara T, Shimizu K, Hasegawa Y, Ozawa K. Possible involvement of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14) -prostaglandin J2 in the development of leptin resistance. J Neurochem 2015; 133:343-51. [PMID: 25662180 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide health problem that urgently needs to be solved. Leptin is an anti-obesity hormone that activates satiety signals to the brain. Evidence to suggest that leptin resistance is involved in the development of obesity is increasing; however, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. We herein demonstrated that 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14) -prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2 ) was involved in the development of leptin resistance. A treatment with 15d-PGJ2 inhibited the leptin-induced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y-Ob-Rb cells). Furthermore, the intracerebroventricular administration of 15d-PGJ2 reversed the inhibitory effects of leptin on food intake in rats. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) antagonist, GW9662, slightly reversed the inhibitory effects of 15d-PGJ2 on the leptin-induced activation of STAT3 in neuronal cells. The PPAR-γ agonist, rosiglitazone, also inhibited leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. Therefore, the inhibitory effects of 15d-PGJ2 may be mediated through PPAR-γ. On the other hand, 15d-PGJ2 -induced leptin resistance may not be mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress or suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. The results of the present study suggest that 15d-PGJ2 is a novel factor for the development of leptin resistance in obesity. Leptin resistance, an insensitivity to the actions of leptin, is involved in the development of obesity. Here, we found 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14) -prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2 ) may be involved in the development of leptin resistance. The present results suggest that the 15d-PGJ2 may be a novel factor for the development of leptin resistance in obesity. 15d-PGJ2 , 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14) -prostaglandin J2; STAT3, signal tranducer and activator of transcription 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hosoi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Deubiquitinase inhibition as a cancer therapeutic strategy. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 147:32-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
50
|
Vostrikov NS, Lobko IF, Ishimova DU, Miftakhov MS. Synthesis of (±)-15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 and Δ12-prostaglandin J2 15-acetate methyl esters. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|