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Hirabayashi T, Shibato J, Kimura A, Yamashita M, Takenoya F, Shioda S. Potential Therapeutic Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide for Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:664. [PMID: 35054857 PMCID: PMC8775530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is caused by a reduction in the volume or quality of tears. The prevalence of DED is estimated to be 100 million in the developed world. As aging is a risk factor for DED, the prevalence of DED is expected to grow at a rapid pace in aging populations, thus creating an increased need for new therapies. This review summarizes DED medications currently in clinical use. Most current medications for DED focus on stimulating tear secretion, mucin secretion, or suppressing inflammation, rather than simply replenishing the ocular surface with moisture to improve symptoms. We recently reported that the neuropeptide PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) induces tear secretion and suppresses corneal injury caused by a reduction in tears. Moreover, it has been reported that a PACAP in water and a 0.9% saline solution at +4 °C showed high stability and achieved 80-90% effectiveness after 2 weeks of treatment. These results reveal PACAP as a candidate DED medication. Further research on the clinical applications of PACAP in DED is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hirabayashi
- Clinical Medicine Research Laboratory, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
| | - Junko Shibato
- Clinical Medicine Research Laboratory, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
| | - Ai Kimura
- Clinical Medicine Research Laboratory, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
| | - Michio Yamashita
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiko Takenoya
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
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2
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Integrins are a family of 24 cell adhesion receptors that play a role in the biggest unmet needs in medicine - cardiovascular disease, immunology and cancer. Their discovery promised huge potential for the pharmaceutical industry. Areas covered. Over 35-years since their discovery, there is little to show for the hundreds of billions of dollars of investment in anti-integrin drug discovery programmes. In this review the author discusses the reasons for the failure of this promising class of drugs and the future for this class of drugs. Expert opinion. Within 10-years, there was a plethora of potent, specific anti-integrin molecules and since their discovery, many of these agents have entered clinical trials. The success in discovering these agents was due to recently discovered monoclonal antibody technology. The integrin-recognition domain Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) provided the basis for discovering small molecule inhibitors to integrins - both cyclic peptides and peptidomimetics. Most agents failed in the Phase III clinical trials and those agents that did make it to the market were plagued with issues of toxicity and limited efficacy and were soon replaced with non-integrin targeting agents. Their failure was due to a combination of poor pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, complicated by the complex pathophysiology of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Periman LM, Perez VL, Saban DR, Lin MC, Neri P. The Immunological Basis of Dry Eye Disease and Current Topical Treatment Options. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:137-146. [PMID: 32175799 PMCID: PMC7175622 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of the lacrimal functional unit is needed to ensure a well-regulated ocular immune response comprising innate and adaptive phases. When the ocular immune system is excessively stimulated and/or immunoregulatory mechanisms are disrupted, the balance between innate and adaptive phases is dysregulated and chronic ocular surface inflammation can result, leading to chronic dry eye disease (DED). According to the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II definition, DED is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface characterized by impairment and loss of tear homeostasis (hyperosmolarity), ocular discomfort or pain, and neurosensory abnormalities. Dysregulated ocular immune responses result in ocular surface damage, which is a further contributing factor to DED pathology. Several therapeutics are available to break the vicious circle of DED and prevent chronic disease and progression, including immunosuppressive agents (steroids) and immunomodulators (cyclosporine and lifitegrast). Given the chronic inflammatory nature of DED, each of these agents is commonly used in clinical practice. In this study, we review the immunopathology of DED and the molecular and cellular actions of current topical DED therapeutics to inform clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor L. Perez
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniel R. Saban
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Meng C. Lin
- School of Optometry, Clinical Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Piergiorgio Neri
- The Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Bernhard OK, Mathias RA, Barnes TW, Simpson RJ. A fluorescent microsphere-based method for assay of multiple analytes in plasma. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 728:195-206. [PMID: 21468949 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-068-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of multiple analytes can provide increased sensitivity and specificity for the detection and management of disease. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is currently the "gold standard" for protein quantification; however, individual assays for each analyte must be performed, placing demand on sample volume. On the contrary, multiplex assays using microsphere-based technologies allow for multiple analytes to be simultaneously assayed within a single sample. Here, we present a protocol for the preparation and development of a multiple-analyte assay in human plasma using the BioPlex 200 platform (Bio-Rad), which incorporates xMAP technology (Luminex).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver K Bernhard
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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5
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Furuya M, Kirschbaum SB, Paulovich A, Pauli BU, Zhang H, Alexander JS, Farr AG, Ruddell A. Lymphatic endothelial murine chloride channel calcium-activated 1 is a ligand for leukocyte LFA-1 and Mac-1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2010; 185:5769-77. [PMID: 20937843 PMCID: PMC3367505 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic circulation mediates drainage of fluid and cells from the periphery through lymph nodes, facilitating immune detection of lymph-borne foreign Ags. The 10.1.1 mAb recognizes a lymphatic endothelial Ag, in this study purified by Ab-affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry identified murine chloride channel calcium-activated 1 (mCLCA1) as the 10.1.1 Ag, a 90-kDa cell-surface protein expressed in lymphatic endothelium and stromal cells of spleen and thymus. The 10.1.1 Ab-affinity chromatography also purified LFA-1, an integrin that mediates leukocyte adhesion to endothelium. This mCLCA1-LFA-1 interaction has functional consequences, as lymphocyte adhesion to lymphatic endothelium was blocked by 10.1.1 Ab bound to endotheliumor by LFA-1 Ab bound to lymphocytes. Lymphocyte adhesion was increased by cytokine treatment of lymphatic endothelium in association with increased expression of ICAM-1, an endothelial surface protein that is also a ligand for LFA-1. By contrast, mCLCA1 expression and the relative contribution of mCLCA1 to lymphocyte adhesion were unaffected by cytokine activation, demonstrating that mCLCA1 and ICAM-1 interactions with LFA-1 are differentially regulated. mCLCA1 also bound to the LFA-1-related Mac-1 integrin that is preferentially expressed on leukocytes. mCLCA1-mediated adhesion of Mac-1- or LFA-1-expressing leukocytes to lymphatic vessels and lymph node lymphatic sinuses provides a target for investigation of lymphatic involvement in leukocyte adhesion and trafficking during the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Furuya
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - Bendicht U. Pauli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Heidi Zhang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
- Novartis Biologics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan S. Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Andrew G. Farr
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alanna Ruddell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
- Novartis Biologics, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Alghisi GC, Rüegg C. Vascular Integrins in Tumor Angiogenesis: Mediators and Therapeutic Targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 13:113-35. [PMID: 16728329 DOI: 10.1080/10623320600698037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The notion that tumor angiogenesis may have therapeutic implications in the control of tumor growth was introduced by Dr. Judah Folkman in 1971. The approval of Avastin in 2004 as the first antiangiogenic systemic drug to treat cancer patients came as a validation of this visionary concept and opened new perspectives to the treatment of cancer. In addition, this success boosted the field to the quest for new therapeutic targets and antiangiogenic drugs. Preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that vascular integrins may be valid therapeutic targets. In preclinical studies, pharmacological inhibition of integrin function efficiently suppressed angiogenesis and inhibited tumor progression. alphaVbeta3 and alphaVbeta5 were the first vascular integrins targeted to suppress tumor angiogenesis. Subsequent experiments revealed that at least four additional integrins (i.e., alpha1beta1, alpha2beta1, alpha5beta1, and alpha6beta4) might be potential therapeutic targets. In clinical studies low-molecular-weight integrin inhibitors and anti-integrin function-blocking antibodies demonstrated low toxicity and good tolerability and are now being tested in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for anticancer activity in patients. In this article the authors review the role of integrins in angiogenesis, present recent development in the use of alphaVbeta3 and alpha5beta1 integrin antagonists as potential therapeutics in cancer, and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Carlo Alghisi
- Centre Pluridisciplinaire d'Oncologie (CePO), Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Springer TA. Immunoaffinity chromatography. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2008; Chapter 8:8.2.1-8.2.9. [PMID: 18432857 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im0802s18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes the isolation of soluble or membrane-bound protein antigens from cells or homogenized tissue by immunoaffinity chromatography. The technique involves the elution of a single protein from an immunoaffinity column after prior elution of nonspecifically adsorbed proteins. To elute the bound antigen from the immunoaffinity matrix, the antibody-antigen interaction is destabilized by brief exposure to high-pH or low-pH buffer. The use of batch purification of antigens is an alternate procedure and results in shorter column loading times. The detergent octyl beta-D-glucoside can be used instead of Triton X-100 for elution. Because octyl beta-D-glucoside has a high critical micelle concentration (CMC), it can be readily removed by dialysis, as described.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Springer
- Center for Blood Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussets, USA
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8
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Springer TA. Immunoaffinity chromatography. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2008; Chapter 5:Unit 5.11. [PMID: 18428494 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0511s05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This technique involves elution of a single protein from an immunoaffinity column after prior elution of nonspecifically adsorbed proteins. Antibodies are coupled to Sepharose and the cell lysate is passed over the column. After washing, the specific antigen is eluted from the column using one of a number of methods: brief exposure to either high or low pH, or using the detergent octyl beta-D-glucoside (easily removable by dialysis). All these methods are described in this unit along with a procedure for covalently linking an antibody to Sepharose using the cyanogen bromide activation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Springer
- Center for Blood Research Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Springer TA. Immunoaffinity chromatography. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2008; Chapter 9:Unit 9.5. [PMID: 18429214 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps0905s03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes the isolation of soluble or membrane-bound protein antigens from cells or homogenized tissue by immunoaffinity chromatography. This technique involves the elution of a single protein from an immunoaffinity column after prior elution of nonspecifically adsorbed proteins. Specifically, antibodies are coupled to Sepharose (an insoluble, large-pore-size chromatographic matrix). High-molecular-weight antigens pass freely into and out of the pores and bind to antibodies covalently bound to the matrix. To elute the bound antigen from the immunoaffinity matrix, the antibody-antigen interaction is destabilized by brief exposure to high- or low-pH buffer. Batch purification of antigens is provided as an alternate procedure that shortens the column loading time. The detergent octyl beta-D-glucoside can be used instead of Triton X-100 for elution. Because octyl beta-D-glucoside has a high critical micelle concentration (CMC), a protocol is provided for its removal by dialysis. The procedure for covalently linking an antibody to Sepharose using the cyanogen bromide activation method is given in a support protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Springer
- Center for Blood Research Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Gahmberg CG, Tian L, Ning L, Nyman-Huttunen H. ICAM-5--a novel two-facetted adhesion molecule in the mammalian brain. Immunol Lett 2008; 117:131-5. [PMID: 18367254 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is of utmost importance for normal development and cellular functions. ICAM-5 (intercellular adhesion molecule-5, telencephalin) is a member of the ICAM-family of adhesion proteins. These proteins bind to leukocyte beta(2)-integrins (CD11/CD18), but ICAM-5 is exceptional in several ways. It is solely expressed in the mammalian forebrain, appears at the time of birth, and is located in the soma and dendrites of neurons. It is structurally more complex than the others, and also shows homophilic adhesion. Recent studies show that it is important for the regulation of immunological activity in the brain and for the development of neuronal synapses and signal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Gahmberg
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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11
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Abstract
Immunoaffinity purification is a powerful technique for isolating proteins. Purifications of 10,000-fold or more can often be achieved in one step. This unit describes the isolation of soluble or membrane-bound protein antigens from cells or homogenized tissue by immunoaffinity chromatography. The technique involves the elution of a single protein from an immunoaffinity column after prior elution of nonspecifically adsorbed proteins. An alternate protocol describes the use of batch purification of antigens which can shorten the column loading time.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Springer
- Center for Blood Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Ghosh D, Beavis RC, Wilkins JA. The Identification and Characterization of Membranome Components. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:1572-83. [DOI: 10.1021/pr070509u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhimankrishna Ghosh
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Ron C. Beavis
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - John A. Wilkins
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
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13
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Abstract
Integrins are large modular cell-surface receptors that regulate almost every aspect of cellular function through bidirectional signals transmitted across the lipid bilayer. Regulation of integrin activity is accomplished by complex and still incompletely understood biochemical pathways that modify integrin ligand binding, clustering, trafficking, and signaling functions. The dynamic tertiary and quaternary changes required to channel some of these activities have hampered, until recently, the crystal structure determination of these heterodimeric receptors. In this chapter, we review the methods used to purify and characterize these proteins biophysically and functionally, and to derive their three-dimensional structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Xiong
- Structural Biology Program, Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Program, Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
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14
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Rakshit DS, Lim JTE, Ly K, Ivashkiv LB, Nestor BJ, Sculco TP, Purdue PE. Involvement of complement receptor 3 (CR3) and scavenger receptor in macrophage responses to wear debris. J Orthop Res 2006; 24:2036-44. [PMID: 16947312 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of prosthetic wear debris to induce pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages is widely appreciated, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in particle recognition. Specifically, the nature of the cell surface receptors that interact with wear debris is poorly understood. Elucidating the identities of these receptors and how they interact with different types of wear debris are critical to understanding how wear debris initiates periprosthetic osteolysis. We examined the involvement of opsonization, complement receptor 3 (CR3), and scavenger receptor A (SRA), in responses to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and titanium wear particles. Serum dependence of pro-inflammatory responses to PMMA and titanium was tested, and serum proteins that adhered to these two types of particles were identified. Several serum proteins, including known opsonins such as C3bi and fibronectin, adhered to PMMA but not titanium, and serum was required for pro-inflammatory signaling induced by PMMA, but not by titanium. Phagocytosis of PMMA and titanium by macrophages was demonstrated by flow cytometry. Blocking CR3 specifically inhibited phagocytosis of PMMA by macrophages, whereas blocking SRA specifically inhibited titanium uptake. Direct involvement of CR3 and SRA in cell-particle interaction was assessed by expression of these receptors in nonphagocytic HEK293 cells. CR3 specifically induced cell binding to PMMA particles and adhesion to PMMA-coated plates, while SRA specifically induced binding to titanium particles and adhesion to titanium-coated plates. Taken together, these results suggest involvement of opsonization, complement, and integrin receptors, including CR3 and fibronectin receptors, in PMMA action, and an involvement of scavenger receptors in responses to titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptendu S Rakshit
- Osteolysis Research Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA
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15
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Kashyap M, Bailey DP, Gomez G, Rivera J, Huff TF, Ryan JJ. TGF-β1 inhibits late-stage mast cell maturation. Exp Hematol 2005; 33:1281-91. [PMID: 16263412 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2004] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 on mast cell development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mast cells were cultured from mouse bone marrow in interleukin (IL)-3 + stem cell factor, in the presence or absence of TGF-beta1. We assessed mast cell development by measuring the expression of kit, T1/ST2, FcvarepsilonRI, and Fcgamma receptors. Cell morphology was determined by histochemical staining. Alterations in FcvarepsilonRI subunit expression were measured by Western blot analysis. Adoptive transfer of cultured mast cells into mast cell-deficient W/W(v) mice was used to determine if the in vivo environment could reverse the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta1. RESULTS TGF-beta1 decreased FcvarepsilonRI, c-kit, T1/ST2, and FcgammaR expression, and inhibited granule formation in developing mast cells. Accessory cells were not required for this inhibition. Smad3 deficiency did not alter the response of bone marrow cells to TGF-beta1. TGF-beta1 inhibited expression of the FcvarepsilonRI alpha subunit protein, without decreasing beta or gamma proteins. Mast cells derived in the presence of TGF-beta1 were functionally impaired, as IgE-mediated cytokine secretion was greatly reduced. The changes in granule formation and surface antigen expression were long-standing, as they were not reversed by transfer to W/W(v) mice. CONCLUSIONS TGF-beta1 may contribute to mast cell homeostasis by inhibiting maturation from bone marrow precursors. The effects of TGF-beta1 result in greatly diminished expression of cell surface markers, reduced granulation, and lack of responsiveness to IgE-mediated activation. Thus TGF-beta1 can serve as a potent and multifunctional regulator of mast cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kashyap
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2012, USA
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16
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Mohan K, Pinto D, Issekutz TB. Identification of tissue transglutaminase as a novel molecule involved in human CD8+ T cell transendothelial migration. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:3179-86. [PMID: 12960346 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.6.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During inflammation, T lymphocytes migrate out of the blood across the vascular endothelium in a multistep process. The receptors mediating T cell adhesion to endothelium are well characterized; however, the molecules involved in T cell transendothelial migration (TEM) subsequent to lymphocyte adhesion to the endothelium are less clear. To identify receptors mediating TEM, mAbs were produced against human blood T cells adhering to IFN-gamma-activated HUVEC in mice and tested for inhibition of lymphocyte TEM across cytokine-activated HUVEC. Most of the mAbs were against beta(1) and beta(2) integrins, but one mAb, 6B9, significantly inhibited T cell TEM across IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma plus TNF-alpha-stimulated HUVEC, and did not react with an integrin. 6B9 mAb did not inhibit T cell adhesion to HUVEC, suggesting that 6B9 blocked a novel pathway in T cell TEM. The 6B9 Ag was 80 kDa on SDS-PAGE, and was expressed by both blood leukocytes and HUVEC. Immunoaffinity purification and mass spectrometry identified this Ag as tissue transglutaminase (tTG), a molecule not known to mediate T cell TEM. Treatment of HUVEC with 6B9 was more effective than treatment of T cells. 6B9 blockade selectively inhibited CD4(-), but not CD4(+), T cell TEM, suggesting a role for tTG in recruitment of CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Thus, 6B9 is a new blocking mAb to human tTG, which demonstrates that tTG may have a novel role in mediating CD8(+) T cell migration across cytokine-activated endothelium and infiltration of tissues during inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Blocking/chemistry
- Antibodies, Blocking/metabolism
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- Cell Adhesion/immunology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Migration Inhibition
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokines/pharmacology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/chemistry
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Proteins/immunology
- GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Leukocytes/chemistry
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Mass Spectrometry
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Precipitin Tests
- Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2
- Transglutaminases/chemistry
- Transglutaminases/immunology
- Transglutaminases/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Karkada Mohan
- Departments of. Pediatrics, Microbiology/Immunology and Pathology, Dalhousie University, and Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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17
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Tajra LC, Martin X, Margonari J, Blanc-Brunat N, Ishibashi M, Vivier G, Steghens JP, Kawashima H, Miyasaka M, Dubernard JM, Revillard JP. Antibody-induced modulation of the leukocyte CD11b integrin prevents mild but not major renal ischaemic injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15:1556-61. [PMID: 11007822 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/15.10.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD11/CD18 beta(2) integrins are involved in leukocyte adhesion to the activated endothelium, and therefore represent a possible therapeutic target in the prevention of ischaemic acute renal failure (ARF). METHODS To assess the effect of an anti-CD11b monoclonal antibody (mAb) in ischaemic ARF, uninephrectomized Fischer rats were subjected to 45 or 60 min of warm renal ischaemia, then received 1 mg of anti-CD11b mAb 5 min before reperfusion. RESULTS After 45 min of ischaemia, renal function tests at 24 and 48 h were less altered in mAb-treated than in control rats, but after 60 min of ischaemia the same level of renal insufficiency was observed in the two groups. In parallel, milder tubular necrosis and less leukocyte infiltration were observed in the treated group after 45 min of ischaemia, but no difference was seen after 60 min compared to the control group. The mAb was detected on blood neutrophils up to 48 h after infusion and a marked down-regulation of CD11b expression on neutrophil surfaces was documented by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION These results indicate that anti-CD11b mAb administered prior to reperfusion decreases moderate ischaemic ARF but fails to prevent renal injury secondary to prolonged ischaemia in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Tajra
- INSERM, Unité 281, Laboratoire de Recherche Chirurgicale, Lyon, France
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18
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Krakowski ML, Owens T. The central nervous system environment controls effector CD4+ T cell cytokine profile in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:2840-7. [PMID: 9394808 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830271115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), CD4+ T cells infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS). We derived CD4+ T cell lines from SJL/J mice that were specific for encephalitogenic myelin basic protein (MBP) peptides and produced both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. These lines transferred EAE to naive mice. Peptide-specific cells re-isolated from the CNS only produced Th1 cytokines, whereas T cells in the lymph nodes produced both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Mononuclear cells isolated from the CNS, the majority of which were microglia, presented antigen to and stimulated MBP-specific T cell lines in vitro. Although CNS antigen-presenting cells (APC) supported increased production of interferon (IFN)-gamma mRNA by these T cells, there was no increase in the interleukin (IL)-4 signal, whereas splenic APC induced increases in both IFN-gamma and IL-4. mRNA for IL-12 (p40 subunit) was up-regulated in both infiltrating macrophages and resident microglia from mice with EAE. We have thus shown that a Th1 cytokine bias within the CNS can be induced by CNS APC, and that IL-12 is up-regulated in microglial cells within the CNS of mice with EAE. Microglia may therefore control Th1 cytokine responses within the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Krakowski
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada.
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19
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Huang C, Springer TA. Folding of the beta-propeller domain of the integrin alphaL subunit is independent of the I domain and dependent on the beta2 subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:3162-7. [PMID: 9096363 PMCID: PMC20339 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.7.3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/1997] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied the folding during biosynthesis of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) alphaL subunit using mAb to epitopes that map to seven different regions within the amino acid sequence. The N-terminal portion of alphaL is predicted to contain a beta-propeller domain, consisting of seven beta-sheets, and an I domain that is predicted to be inserted between beta-sheet 2 and beta-sheet 3 of the beta-propeller. The I domain of alphaL folds before association with the beta2 subunit, as shown by immunoprecipitation of the unassociated alphaL subunit by mAbs specific for four different sequence elements within the I domain. By contrast, the beta-propeller domain is not folded in unassociated alphaL after a chase of as long as 12 h after synthesis, but does fold upon association with beta2. This is shown with mAbs to regions of alphaL, that precede and follow the I domain in the primary structure. A mAb that maps near the junction of the C terminus of the I domain with the beta-propeller domain suggests that this region is partially folded before subunit association. The results show that the I domain and beta-propeller domains fold independently of one another, and suggest that the beta-propeller domain bears an interface for association with the beta subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huang
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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DeMeester SR, Molinari MA, Shiraishi T, Okabayashi K, Manchester JK, Wick MR, Cooper JD, Patterson GA. Attenuation of rat lung isograft reperfusion injury with a combination of anti-ICAM-1 and anti-beta2 integrin monoclonal antibodies. Transplantation 1996; 62:1477-85. [PMID: 8958275 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199611270-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Four different combinations of monoclonal antibodies against rat ICAM-1, CD-11a, and CD-18 were utilized to determine the relative importance of LFA-1, Mac-1, and ICAM-1 in a rat model of severe lung allograft reperfusion injury. Negative control animals were given phosphate buffered saline (the carrier solution for the antibodies), while positive control animals were rendered neutropenic by the administration of a polyclonal mouse IgG. Antibodies were given with the donor lung flush, prior to left lung graft reperfusion, or both. Isolated graft function was determined 24 hr after implantation by arterial blood gas (ABG), and after sacrifice the native and transplanted lungs underwent bronchoalveolar lavage for alveolar protein quantitation, cell count and differential, and myeloperoxidase assay. Additionally, whole lung homogenates were assayed for myeloperoxidase activity. We found that the combination of anti-ICAM-1 (1 mg/kg) added to the donor lung flush, and anti-CD11a, anti-CD18, and anti-ICAM-1 (2 mg/kg i.v. of each) given to the recipient prior to reperfusion, resulted in significantly improved lung graft pAO2 by ABG, and decreased alveolar protein, cell count, and myeloperoxidase activity compared with control animals. Improvement was less than that seen in the neutropenic recipients, however. We conclude that LFA-1, Mac-1, and ICAM-1 are all important adhesion molecules in lung allograft reperfusion injury--yet even with antibody blockade of all three there are additional mechanisms allowing for neutrophil influx into the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R DeMeester
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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21
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Shibata M, Ando K, Amano S, Kurosu Y. Local expression and circulating form of ICAM-1 in colorectal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.4993/acrt1992.5.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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de Fougerolles AR, Diamond MS, Springer TA. Heterogenous glycosylation of ICAM-3 and lack of interaction with Mac-1 and p150,95. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25:1008-12. [PMID: 7737271 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830250422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-2, and ICAM-3 have been identified as counter-receptors for the leukocyte integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1). The other leukocyte integrins, Mac-1 and p150,95, also interact with ICAM-1. ICAM-1 and ICAM-3 are highly homologous, and an undefined ligand for Mac-1 is present on neutrophils where ICAM-3 is well expressed. In addition, glycosylation has been shown to affect the interaction of ICAM-1 with Mac-1. We therefore sought to characterize ICAM-3 heterogeneity and determine whether ICAM-3 was a ligand for either Mac-1 or p150,95. Despite extensive differences in N-linked glycosylation, ICAM-3 purified from lymphoid cells and from neutrophils supports adhesion of LFA-1-bearing cells equally well; however, neither supports adhesion of Mac-1 or p150,95-expressing chinese hamster ovary cell transfectants. Similarly, purified Mac-1 does not support adhesion of ICAM-2 or ICAM-3-expressing L cell transfectants. ICAM-3 on neutrophils does not participate in Mac-1-dependent homotypic aggregation. Thus, ICAM-3 is not a counter-receptor for either Mac-1 or p150,95.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R de Fougerolles
- Center for Blood Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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23
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Juan M, Vilella R, Mila J, Yagüe J, Miralles A, Campbell KS, Friedrich RJ, Cambier J, Vives J, De Fougerolles AR. CDw50 and ICAM-3: two names for the same molecule. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:1508-12. [PMID: 8325327 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830230717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CDw50 differentiation antigen is a molecule broadly expressed on hematopoetic cells but not on other cells. Previous experiments showed that CDw50 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) inhibited primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). To understand the function of CDw50 better, we purified it and obtained peptide sequence. At the same time, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3, the third ligand of lymphocyte function-associated molecule 1, was described by mAb and subsequent cDNA cloning. Immunochemical, functional, and protein sequencing studies show that ICAM-3 and CDw50 are the same glycoprotein, a 120-kDa surface molecule with presumably an important role in the immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Juan
- Servei d'Immunologia, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Tamoto K, Nochi H, Tada M, Kakinuma T, Mori Y. Further studies on guinea pig Z-1 antigen that is involved in phagocytosis of zymosan by macrophages: cell type distribution of the antigen and cross-reactivity of anti-Z-1 with human cR3. Microbiol Immunol 1993; 37:485-93. [PMID: 7694050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1993.tb03240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have previously identified a heterodimer molecule, Z-1, on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages (M phi s) by the newly prepared monoclonal antibody, anti-Z-1, and Z-1 has been assumed to be the complement receptor type three (CR3) in this species. To clarify this assumption, the cell type distribution of the antigen in guinea pig and the cross-reactivity of anti-Z-1 with other species were analyzed. It was demonstrated that Z-1 was expressed on peritoneal M phi s, pulmonary M phi s, peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), peripheral neutrophils, and some subpopulations of spleen cells and of bone marrow cells, but not on erythrocytes, circulating lymphocytes, and lymphocytes in both spleen and bone marrow in detectable amounts. Thus the expression of Z-1 seems to be restricted to phagocytes as is CR3 of other species. Furthermore, it was found that anti-Z-1 bound with peripheral neutrophils from human, horse and goat and HL-60 cells differentiated into monocytes. Any cross-reactivity of the antibody was not detected with neutrophils from rabbit, cow, sheep and dog and nondifferentiated HL-60 cells. Human Z-1 was indistinguishable from human CR3, since both were the heterodimer consisting of alpha chain of 170 kDa (pI = 6.6-7.2) noncovalently associated with beta chain of 100 kDa (pI = 5.6-6.7). In addition, human CR3 in detergent-lysate of neutrophils was completely adsorbed with anti-Z-1 F(ab')2- Sepharose. These findings indicate that guinea pig Z-1 shares an antigenic determinant with human CR3. It thus seems to be possible that Z-1 may function as CR3 in guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Higashi-Nippon-Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
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25
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Van de Velde H, Von Hoegen I, Luo W, Parnes JR, Thielemans K. The T/B cell antigen, CD5, and the B-cell surface protein, CD72, form a pair of interacting receptors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 651:443-52. [PMID: 1376061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb24644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Van de Velde
- Division of Hematology-Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Verdickt GM, Savage NW, Dodd NM, Walsh LJ. Expression of the CD54 (ICAM-1) and CD11a (LFA-1) adhesion molecules in oral mucosal inflammation. J Oral Pathol Med 1992; 21:65-9. [PMID: 1348286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of chronic dermatoses have suggested that expression of the CD54 cell surface antigen (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1) by keratinocytes is a feature of chronic inflammation. However, whether such expression is a prerequisite for intraepithelial migration of lymphocytes is unclear. The present study evaluated the expression of CD54 and its ligand, CD11a (lymphocyte function-associated antigen, LFA-1) in oral lesions of lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, secondary Sjögren's syndrome and traumatic ulceration using an immunoperoxide technique. In 33 of 56 lesions examined, substantial numbers of CD11a + cells were present within oral mucosal epithelium despite an absence of detectable keratinocyte CD54 antigen expression. Consequently, CD54/CD11a adhesion interactions may not be critical in the initiation of oral mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Verdickt
- Department of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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27
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Akella R, Hall RE. Expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 on tumor cell lines does not correlate with their susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis: evidence for additional ligands for effector cell β2 integrins. Eur J Immunol 1992; 22:1069-74. [PMID: 1348028 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830220429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The LFA-1 molecule (CD11a/CD18), a member of the leukocyte (beta 2) integrin subfamily of the integrin supergene family, has been shown to subserve important function(s) in natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) effector cells based on monoclonal antibody inhibition and other studies. Presently, two cellular ligands for LFA-1 have been identified, termed ICAM-1 and ICAM-2. In this study, we have examined the role of target cell ICAM-1 (CD54) and ICAM-2 in NK-mediated target lysis. Using a panel of tumor target cell lines, ICAM-1 surface protein and transcript expression did not correlate with sensitivity to NK lysis. Compared to ICAM-1, ICAM-2 transcript expression was very low or undetectable in tumor cell targets, and also did not correlate with sensitivity to NK lysis. ICAM-1+ K562 cells and K562 cells which were rendered surface ICAM-1- with an antisense oligonucleotide were equally sensitive to NK lysis. Finally, human ICAM-1- P815 cells were stably transfected with the human ICAM-1 gene, and both ICAM-1- P815 (wild type) and ICAM-1+ stable transfectants were equally insensitive to NK lysis. These studies provide evidence that ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 are not important target cell ligands for NK effector cell LFA-1 and that other target cell ICAM may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Akella
- Guthrie Foundation for Medical Research, Guthrie Clinic/Medical Center, Sayre, PA 18840
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28
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Palisson MJ, Altemeyer A, Moosbrugger I, Warter S, Hauptmann G, Bischoff P. Anti-(human LFA-1) monoclonal antibodies bind P815 murine tumour cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1992; 34:407-13. [PMID: 1373342 PMCID: PMC11038964 DOI: 10.1007/bf01741752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/1991] [Accepted: 12/18/1991] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Using anti-CD11a and anti-CD18 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed respectively against the alpha and the beta chains of LFA-1, we obtained an important and specific staining of P815 murine tumour cells. Both ascitic and cultured cells displayed a positive staining. Other murine tumours of haematopoietic origin, as well as lymphocytes or lymphoblasts from DBA/2 mice, were not labelled by the same monoclonal antibodies. These results were surprising since, to our knowledge, no case of cross-reaction between species has been reported with LFA-1. Moreover, competition assays showed that epitopes recognized by the two anti-CD11a antibodies were different from those identified by H35.89.9, a mAb raised against the murine LFA-1 alpha chain. Using allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes, we also showed that anti-(human LFA-1) mAbs were unable to block the lysis of P815 by these effector cells. Thus, the putative functional properties of these structures, as well as their importance from an antigeneic point of view, remain to be assessed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibody Specificity
- Binding, Competitive
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Epitopes/immunology
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/immunology
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Macromolecular Substances
- Mast-Cell Sarcoma/genetics
- Mast-Cell Sarcoma/immunology
- Mast-Cell Sarcoma/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Receptors, Fc/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Palisson
- Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie, Strasbourg, France
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29
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Van de Velde H, von Hoegen I, Luo W, Parnes JR, Thielemans K. The B-cell surface protein CD72/Lyb-2 is the ligand for CD5. Nature 1991; 351:662-5. [PMID: 1711157 DOI: 10.1038/351662a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein CD5 is expressed on the surface membrane of all mature T cells and a small proportion of B lymphocytes. Its exact role in immune interactions is still unknown. Studies indicate that CD5 functions both in mice and humans as a receptor, delivering co-stimulatory signals to T cells in a manner similar to CD2 (ref. 11) and CD28 (ref. 12). Anti-CD5 antibodies stimulate both T-cell proliferation mediated by CD3 in association with the T-cell receptor and secretion of interleukin-2 and expression of its receptor, as well as inducing an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration (refs 5-10). To identify the ligand for CD5 we purified the human CD5 protein, labelled it with biotin and used it as a probe. Here we report that CD5 specifically interacts with the cell-surface protein CD72 exclusive to B cells. This interaction is blocked by anti-CD72 antibodies, but not by any other anti-B-cell antibodies. Moreover, non-B cells (mouse L-cell fibroblasts and human Jurkat T cells) expressing a transfected human CD72 complementary DNA could bind to the CD5-biotin conjugate. The results demonstrate that the B-cell surface protein CD72 (Lyb-2 in mice) is the ligand for CD5.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Van de Velde
- Division of Haematology-Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Kishimoto
- Center for Blood Research, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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31
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Vitetta ES, Fernandez-Botran R, Myers CD, Sanders VM. Cellular interactions in the humoral immune response. Adv Immunol 1989; 45:1-105. [PMID: 2665437 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E S Vitetta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235
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32
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Developmental expression of C3 receptor on murine epidermal Langerhans cells during ontogeny. Arch Dermatol Res 1988; 280:39-44. [PMID: 2965552 DOI: 10.1007/bf00412687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The developmental expression of C3 receptor, an important surface marker of murine epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), was quantitatively studied using an immunohistochemical technique on epidermal sheets and then compared with developmental expression of Ia antigen and membrane ATPase. Anti-Mac-1 monoclonal antibody associated with CR3 was used for detecting C3 receptor and proved positive for LCs by immunoelectron microscopy. Mac-1 positive (Mac-1+) cells showed quite a different distribution from those of ATPase+ and Ia+ cells. Almost the same number of Mac-1+ and ATPase+ cells were present during the embryonic period. The number of Mac-1+ cells gradually decreased from day 1 to day 5 of postnatal life, after which they increased again. Using the double-labeling technique on epidermal sheets at day 1 of postnatal life, it was shown that Ia+ cells possessed membrane ATPase activity and some Mac-1+ cells expressed Ia antigen. On days 4 and 7 of postnatal life all Mac-1+ cells expressed Ia antigen. These findings suggest that Mac-1 antigen observed during the embryonic period gradually fades after birth and is re-expressed after day 5 of postnatal life.
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33
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Axberg I, Ramstedt U, Patarroyo M, Beatty P, Wigzell H. Inhibition of natural killer cell cytotoxicity by a monoclonal antibody directed against adhesion-mediating protein gp 90 (CD18). Scand J Immunol 1987; 26:547-54. [PMID: 2961052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Contact is required between the effector natural killer (NK) or cytotoxic killer T cell and its corresponding target in order for efficient lysis to occur. Several surface molecules of different types are involved in this process. Here we could show that Fab fragments from a murine monoclonal antibody reacting with gp 90, the human leucocyte common antigen CD18, are extremely efficient in blocking human NK of killer T cells, regardless of whether the target has or does not have the antigen. In contrast, no impact of the antibody was observed when the effector cells were of murine origin, again regardless of whether the target cell did or did not display the leucocyte common antigen. The inhibition could be shown to occur at the level of blockage of target-conjugate formation. This means that the functional display of effector/target gp 90 on the effector but not the target cell is necessary for efficient lysis to occur both in NK and killer T cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Axberg
- Department of Immunology, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Dustin ML, Selvaraj P, Mattaliano RJ, Springer TA. Anchoring mechanisms for LFA-3 cell adhesion glycoprotein at membrane surface. Nature 1987; 329:846-8. [PMID: 3313053 DOI: 10.1038/329846a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The manner in which a membrane protein is anchored to the lipid bilayer may have a profound influence on its function. Most cell surface membrane proteins are anchored by a membrane-spanning segment(s) of the polypeptide chain, but another type of anchor has been described for several proteins: a phosphatidyl inositol glycan moiety, attached to the protein C terminus. This type of linkage has been identified on membrane proteins involved in adhesion and transmembrane signalling and could be important in the execution of these functions. We report here that an immunologically important adhesion glycoprotein, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), can be anchored to the membrane by both types of mechanism. These two distinct cell-surface forms of LFA-3 are derived from different biosynthetic precursors. The existence of a phosphatidyl-inositol-linked and a transmembrane anchored form of LFA-3 has important implications for adhesion and transmembrane signalling by LFA-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Dustin
- Laboratory of Membrane Immunochemistry, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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35
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Garner RE, Malick AP, Yurochko AD, Elgert KD. Shifts in macrophage (M phi) surface phenotypes during tumor growth: association of Mac-2+ and Mac-3+ M phi with immunosuppressive activity. Cell Immunol 1987; 108:255-68. [PMID: 2957065 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(87)90211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rat anti-mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb), anti-Mac-1, -2, and -3, directed against macrophage (M phi) glycoprotein surface antigens, were used to demonstrate a tumor-induced shift in peritoneal M phi subpopulations. This study of the tumor-induced shift was approached in two steps. First, to show that separate phenotypic M phi subpopulations existed and second, to show that a shift in these populations was involved in immunosuppression of the host during tumor growth. Endogenous peroxidase activity was examined among normal and tumor-bearing host (TBH) M phi. A significant increase in the number of peroxidase-positive M phi occurred during tumor growth. Indirect immunofluorescence showed a decrease in Mac-2+ cells and an increase in Mac-3+ cells in TBH M phi populations. When the mAb, anti-Mac-1,-2, and -3 were used in the presence of complement (C), they were cytotoxic for M phi and showed differential depletion of normal and TBH M phi. Peroxidase-positive TBH M phi were susceptible to C-mediated lysis by anti-Mac-1 and -3 but not by anti-Mac-2, whereas no direct relationship was observed among normal host M phi. To demonstrate differences between normal and TBH M phi subpopulations, soluble inhibitory factors were examined from mAb plus C-modified M phi populations. Anti-Mac plus C-treated normal and TBH M phi produced supernatants with different regulatory capabilities as assessed in the mixed-lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Anti-Mac-2 plus C treatment significantly reduced the ability of TBH M phi to produce a soluble suppressor(s) but did not alter normal host M phi-derived suppressor production. In contrast, anti-Mac-1 and -3 plus C treatment of normal host M phi significantly reduced suppressor production. In the TBH, however, anti-Mac-1 plus C had no effect, while anti-Mac-3 plus C had only a limited reduction as compared to the normal host. Determination of levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in M phi supernatants showed that normal host Mac-1+ M phi were involved in down regulation of PGE2 production. This control was missing in the TBH M phi. Mac-2+ M phi were the apparent producers of PGE2 which accounts for the factor-mediated MLR suppression attributed to TBH Mac-2+ M phi. Collectively, these data suggest that tumor-induced aberrations in immunoregulation can in part be attributed to differences in anti-Mac mAb-defined M phi subpopulations.
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Nishimura T, Yagi H, Sato N, Ohta S, Hashimoto Y. The role of lymphokine-activated cell-associated antigen. III. Inhibition of T-cell activation by monoclonal killer-blocking antibody. Cell Immunol 1987; 107:32-9. [PMID: 3107843 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(87)90263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The addition of monoclonal killer blocking antibodies (KBA MAb) to cultured T cells resulted in significant inhibition of T-cell responses to concanavalin A (Con A), class I antigen and class II antigen, whereas T-cell responses to phytohemagglutinin are insensitive to KBA MAb. The inhibitory effect of KBA MAb is observed only when KBA MAb is added to the culture at an early time. This indicates that the lymphokine-activated cell-associated antigen (LAA) defined by KBA MAb plays an important role in the early stages of T-cell activation. Con A-induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor acquisition and IL-2 production, both of which are required for the early steps of T-cell activation, were greatly inhibited by KBA MAb. However, KBA MAb did not inhibit the action of IL-2, which is required for later stages of T-cell activation.
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37
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Isolation and characterization of the receptor on human neutrophils that mediates cellular adherence. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Takeda A. Sialylation patterns of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) differ between T and B lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 1987; 17:281-6. [PMID: 3549327 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830170220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) was immunoprecipitated from various types of surface-radioiodinated murine lymphocytes, and analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. LFA-1 alpha and beta chains from splenic B lymphocytes had the same apparent molecular weights as, but distinct isoelectrofocusing patterns from, their counterparts from thymocytes or splenic T lymphocytes. The splenic B lymphocytes lacked a basically charged population of alpha chain, while the thymocytes and the splenic T lymphocytes showed both the acidic and the basic portions. Furthermore, the beta chain of the former migrated more towards the acidic end than that of the latter. No difference was found between LFA-1 molecules of the same lineage of cells from several strains of mice whose H-2 haplotypes were different from one another. When murine lymphocyte lines were examined, LFA-1 with various isoelectrofocusing patterns were recognized. The charge difference again reflected the difference in lymphocyte lineage, but in a more exaggerated manner than that seen with cells from mice. The average acidity of both chains of LFA-1 decreased in the order of B cell lines, pre-B cell lines and T cell lines. The lineage-dependent charge difference of either chain disappeared after neuraminidase treatment of LFA-1, indicating that lymphocyte differentiation was accompanied by changes in LFA-1 sialylation.
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Abstract
Adhesions of lymphocytes, among themselves or with other cell types, are necessary for most steps in immune responses including both induction and effector phases. Among adhesions of T cells involving specific immunological recognition, CTL-target adhesions have been the most studied. Although CTL-mediated killing is highly specific (specific/nonspecific lytic activity 50-fold), CTL-target adhesion (conjugation) is less so. In the mouse, specificity of conjugation has typically been four to eightfold. Two recent studies with cloned human CTL found much less specificity of conjugation, from one-fold (no specificity) to 1.5-fold. Thus, with cloned human CTL, adhesion may occur promiscuously with any potential target; recognition following adhesion is necessary for lethal hit delivery. The fact that antibodies to the antigen receptor (Ti or CD3) inhibit killing without inhibiting CTL-target conjugation supports this view. The ability of lymphocytes to form nonspecific adhesions, plus the dependence of even the specific mouse adhesions on temperature, metabolic energy, magnesium, and an intact cytoskeleton suggest that the bulk of the strength of T lymphocyte adhesions are not simply the sum of the bonds between antigen receptors (Ti) and antigen. Lymphocytes evidently possess separate "adhesion strengthening" mechanisms. The similarities in the properties of CTL-target adhesions and antigen-independent homotypic B lymphocyte adhesions (Table 2) suggest that at least some of these mechanisms are widely used among cells of hematopoietic origin. MoAbs to most lymphocyte surface molecules, when bound to the living lymphocyte membrane, have no evident functional effects on lymphocyte function. However, a minority can either activate or inhibit lymphocyte functions. Such antibodies identify "leukocyte (or lymphocyte) function-associated antigens," or LFAs (not all of which happen to have "LFA" in their names, Table 1). Most of the inhibitory antibodies inhibit lymphocyte adhesions, and this appears to account for their inhibitory effects on functions such as killing or proliferation. The fact that the binding of antibodies to a particular membrane glycoprotein inhibits adhesion does not guarantee that the glycoprotein in question is a direct participant in adhesion (one of the "glue" molecules). However, there is scanty evidence in support of indirect "negative signals" that may be induced by such antibodies, and direct participation of most LFAs in adhesion seems likely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Dahms NM, Hart GW. Influence of quaternary structure on glycosylation. Differential subunit association affects the site-specific glycosylation of the common beta-chain from Mac-1 and LFA-1. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)69289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Martin A, Le Corre R, Pellen P, Bourel D, Merdrignac G, Genetet B, Toujas L. A monoclonal antibody (3A33) that reacts with a mouse-specific epitope of Mac-1 antigen. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1986; 28:15-23. [PMID: 2428126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1986.tb00455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The 3A33 monoclonal antibody, obtained by fusing rat immune lymphocytes with mouse plasmacytoma cells, was directed against mouse macrophages. Antibody 3A33, a rat IgG2a, reacted with macrophages from all the mouse strains tested, with mouse blood monocytes and with 56% of bone marrow cells, but not with T lymphocytes. It immunoprecipitated an antigen with alpha and beta subunits, found to be identical to Mac-1 antigen after cross-absorption experiments with M1/70 monoclonal antibody. The two antigenic determinants of the Mac-1 molecule identified by the 3A33 and M1/70 antibodies both displayed reduced expression on inflammatory macrophages and comparable resistance to trypsin digestion. The sites of the determinants on this molecule seemed close together judging from the ability of both the 3A33 and M1/70 antibodies to block C3bi receptor sites and compete for cell binding. However, unlike antibody M1/70, 3A33 never reacted with human cells bearing Mac-1 antigen. Therefore, two closely related epitopes of the Mac-1 molecule - one specific for mouse and one common to mouse and man, were recognized by these monoclonal antibodies.
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Strassmann G, Somers SD, Springer TA, Adams DO, Hamilton TA. Biochemical models of interferon-gamma-mediated macrophage activation: independent regulation of lymphocyte function associated antigen (LFA)-1 and I-A antigen on murine peritoneal macrophages. Cell Immunol 1986; 97:110-20. [PMID: 3017574 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(86)90380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
IFN-gamma can induce the expression of both class II histocompatibility antigens (Ia) and the lymphocyte function associated (LFA)-1 antigen on murine peritoneal macrophages. We have examined the molecular changes which lead to altered expression of these two cell surface proteins to determine whether they are regulated by similar or independent mechanisms. While I-A antigen expression can be induced or enhanced by treatment of macrophages with either phorbol diesters and/or the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, these agents had no effect upon expression of LFA-1 under similar conditions. Macrophages from the A/J strain mouse exhibit a deficiency in their sensitivity to IFN-gamma which is seen in our studies as an inability of IFN-gamma to elevate I-A antigen expression. However, expression of I-A could be modulated in these cells by treatment with either phorbol diesters or A23187. In contrast, IFN-gamma could induce LFA-1 antigen on A/J derived macrophages and this was not affected by either phorbol or A23187. Thus these two antigens, despite coordinate expression in response to IFN-gamma in normal mouse strains, are clearly regulated independently. These results suggest that IFN-gamma generates at least two independent molecular events in macrophages which ultimately modulate the expression of cell surface proteins important to the performance of activated functions.
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Czop JK. Phagocytosis of particulate activators of the alternative complement pathway: effects of fibronectin. Adv Immunol 1986; 38:361-98. [PMID: 3515869 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Matsumoto Y, Watabe K, Ikuta F. Immunohistochemical study on neuroglia identified by the monoclonal antibody against a macrophage differentiation antigen (Mac-1). J Neuroimmunol 1985; 9:379-89. [PMID: 4044806 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(85)80037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have studied frozen sections of the developing and adult mouse central nervous system (CNS), with or without cold lesions, by immunohistochemical and histochemical methods. Using a monoclonal antibody against a macrophage differentiation antigen (Mac-1), we have shown that some neuroglia in the white matter of adult mice stained positively. In the developing CNS, with or without cold lesioning, Mac-1-positive glia were not detected. In the normal adult CNS, a small number of glia in the white matter stained faintly. After cold injury, the number of Mac-1-positive glia and their staining intensity increased for several months. Mac-1-positive glia were always negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA). Their morphology and distribution were similar to those of nucleoside diphosphatase-positive cells. Considering that the phagocytic activity of glia increases after injury to the CNS (Trachtenberg 1983) and that Mac-1 has been reported to be associated with the complement receptor (Beller et al. 1982), Mac-1-positive glia may play a role in phagocytosis in the damaged CNS.
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Strassmann G, Springer TA, Haskill SJ, Miraglia CC, Lanier LL, Adams DO. Antigens associated with the activation of murine mononuclear phagocytes in vivo: differential expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen in the several stages of development. Cell Immunol 1985; 94:265-75. [PMID: 3893748 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(85)90103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two well-characterized antigens [Mac-1 and lymphocyte-function-associated antigen (LFA-1)], expressed on a variety of leukocytes, are members of a family of surface proteins associated with multiple recognition functions. To analyze expression of these proteins during macrophage development, we utilized both radioimmunoassay and flow cytometry. As previously reported, Mac-1 is expressed on murine macrophages in all stages of development. We found LFA-1 to be present on murine mononuclear phagocytes but only in certain stages of their development. Specifically, we found LFA-1 was expressed on murine tissue macrophages but only on those activated in vivo by bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) or, to a lesser extent, primed by pyran copolymer. Although LFA-1 was absent on inflammatory (responsive) and resident tissue macrophages it was also present on blood-borne monocytes. Activated macrophages also selectively expressed the H-11 and Ly-6 antigens. Thus, these data indicate that LFA-1 is selectively expressed on mononuclear phagocytes of the tissues but only on those in the primed and activated stages of development.
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Springer TA, Teplow DB, Dreyer WJ. Sequence homology of the LFA-1 and Mac-1 leukocyte adhesion glycoproteins and unexpected relation to leukocyte interferon. Nature 1985; 314:540-2. [PMID: 3887182 DOI: 10.1038/314540a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-surface adherence reactions are fundamental to the biology of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. The lymphocyte function-associated 1 (LFA-1) and macrophage 1 (Mac-1) glycoproteins mediate differing types of adhesion reactions on these cells. LFA-1 participates in T-lymphocyte and natural killer-cell adhesion to target cells, whereas the Mac-1 antigen is identical to the complement receptor type 3, which mediates adhesion of monocytes and granulocytes to C3bi-sensitized particles. Deficiency of these proteins, in a heritable disease, results in multiple adhesion-related leukocyte defects. LFA-1 and Mac-1 resemble one another in overall structure, having alpha-subunits of relative molecular mass (Mr) 180,000 and 170,000, respectively, which are non-covalently associated with beta-subunits of Mr 95,000 in alpha 1 beta 1 complexes. Peptide mapping and immunological cross-reactivity have shown that the beta-subunits are highly related if not identical, but have revealed no similarities between the alpha-subunits. Nonetheless, the shared beta-subunit suggested that LFA-1 and Mac-1 might be members of a protein family containing diversified but evolutionarily related alpha-subunits. Therefore, we examine here the structure of the alpha-subunits by N-terminal amino-acid sequencing. Sequence homology shows that the alpha-subunits are members of a novel leukocyte adhesion protein family, and suggests that their evolution occurred by gene duplication. A search for similarities to previously sequenced proteins reveals a further unexpected homology between LFA-1 and leukocyte (alpha) interferons.
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Eddy A, Newman SL, Cosio F, LeBien T, Michael A. The distribution of the CR3 receptor on human cells and tissue as revealed by a monoclonal antibody. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1984; 31:371-89. [PMID: 6232029 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(84)90090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The mouse monoclonal antibody MN-41 has been characterized as an anti-human iC3b receptor (CR3) antibody on the basis of its ability to inhibit the binding of EC3bi indicator cells to monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells while having no effect on their Fc and C3b receptors. Use of this monoclonal antibody in indirect immunofluorescence studies with dual fluorochrome labels established the widespread distribution of CR3 in man--detected on 97% of circulating monocytes, 90% of granulocytes, 17% of T lymphocytes, and 28% of B lymphocytes while erythrocytes and platelets were negative. Isolated peritoneal macrophages were 90% positive while pulmonary macrophages were 83% positive. Monocytes in culture for 8 days were universally positive. Within tissues, CR3 reactive cells displayed unique topographical localization within the spleen, tonsil, and lymph nodes whereas numerically fewer positive cells were scattered within hepatic sinusoids, papillary dermis, medullary regions of the thymus, and submucosa of the small intestine. CR3 was not detected on Raji cells, glomerular epithelial cells, or placental stromal cells. Immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic separation of two glycoprotein bands of 150,000 and 95,000 Da suggest possible structural homology of CR3 in man and mouse (Mac-1 antigen).
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Springer TA, Unkeless JC. Analysis of macrophage differentiation and function with monoclonal antibodies. CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN IMMUNOBIOLOGY 1984; 13:1-31. [PMID: 6375951 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1445-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Dreyer WJ, Roman J, Teplow DB. New instrumentation facilitates the study of genes coding for molecules involved in cell surface recognition. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1984; 181:175-84. [PMID: 6442535 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4868-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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