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DI RE F, MASCITELLI-CORIANDOLI E. Effect of 5-Fluorouracil in Pregnant Rats Bearing Walker Carcinosarcoma 256. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 48:411-20. [PMID: 14027598 DOI: 10.1177/030089166204800603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pompon A, Lefebvre I, Imbach JL, Kahn S, Farquhar D. Decomposition Pathways of the Mono- and Bis(Pivaloyloxymethyl) Esters of Azidothymidine 5′-Monophosphate in Cell Extract and in Tissue Culture Medium: An Application of the ‘on-line ISRP-Cleaning’ HPLC Technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029400500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) azidothymidine 5′-monophosphate (piv2-AZTMP) was designed as a cell membrane-permeable precursor of AZTMP. We have reported previously that when incubated with CEM cells deficient in thymidine kinase, piv2-AZTMP gives rise to intracellular AZTMP and the corresponding diphosphate (AZTDP) and triphosphate (AZTTP). Under similar conditions, no intracellular nucleotides were formed with AZT. However, the mechanism by which piv2-AZTMP is converted to AZTMP has not been established. To address this question, we have used the recently developed ‘on-line ISRP-cleaning’ HPLC technique to investigate the stability and metabolic fate of piv2-AZTMP (1) in RPMI 1640 medium, (2) in RPMI containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, and (3) in CEM cell extracts. Similar studies were conducted starting with mono(pivaloyloxymethyl) azidothymidine 5′-monophosphate (piv2 AZTMP). From the kinetics of these reactions, it appears that piv2-AZTMP is slowly hydrolyzed to piv1-AZTMP in RPMI and that the metabolic sequence in cell extract and in tissue culture medium is clearly: piv2-AZTMP→ piv1AZTMP→ AZTMP→ AZT. The rate constants are quite different in these three media. Although it is evident that the first step in the metabolism of piv2-AZTMP is catalysed by carboxylate esterase, the enzyme(s) responsible for the second step, piv1-AZTMP→ AZTMP, is less apparent, as carboxylate esterases and/or phosphodiesterases can be taken in account. However, analysis of the kinetic data strongly suggests that carboxylate esterase does not play a significant role and that this second step is mediated by phosphodiesterases. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that piv2-AZTMP is an effective prodrug of AZTMP. They also establish that prv1-AZTMP is an intermediate in this process, and define the sequence of the overall metabolic reaction. With this increased understanding of the metabolism of piv2-AZTMP, it should be possible rationally to design analogues with optimal structural and pharmacological properties for use in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Pompon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, U.R.A. CNRS no. 488, case 008, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cédex 5, France
| | - I. Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, U.R.A. CNRS no. 488, case 008, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cédex 5, France
| | - J.-L. Imbach
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, U.R.A. CNRS no. 488, case 008, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cédex 5, France
| | - S. Kahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D. Farquhar
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Périgaud C, Girardet JL, Lefebvre I, Xie MY, Aubertin AM, Kirn A, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Sommadossi JP. Comparison of Cytotoxicity of Mononucleoside Phosphotriester Derivatives Bearing Biolabile Phosphate Protecting Groups in Normal Human Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029600700607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of three mononucleoside phosphotriester derivatives of 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine (AZT) which incorporate biolabile phosphate protecting groups, namely S-acetyl-2-thioethyl (MeSATE), S-(2-hydroxyethylsulfidyl)-2-thioethyl (DTE), and pivaloyloxymethyl (POM) were studied and compared to their nucleoside parent in human myeloid colony-forming cells. Moreover, the relative antiviral potency of these three pronucleotides were determined in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The results indicate that the SATE and DTE pro-moieties, as well as their degradation products, do not induce additional toxicity. The bis(MeSATE) phosphotriester derivative of AZT emerged as the most selective inhibitor with an in-vitro therapeutic index of the same order of magnitude as observed for AZT. This study has been extended to the corresponding bis(MeSATE) and bis(DTE) phosphotriester derivatives of 2′,3′-dideoxyuridine (ddU).
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Périgaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Counter 008, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - J.-L. Girardet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Counter 008, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - I. Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Counter 008, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - M.-Y. Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre for AIDS Research, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - A.-M. Aubertin
- Institut de Virologie de la Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Unité INSERM 74, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - A. Kirn
- Institut de Virologie de la Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Unité INSERM 74, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G. Gosselin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Counter 008, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - J.-L. Imbach
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Counter 008, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - J.-P. Sommadossi
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre for AIDS Research, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Tamara Molina A, Alcolea Palafox M. Structure and conformational analysis of the anti-HIV AZT 5′-aminocarbonylphosphonate prodrug using DFT methods. Chem Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Chen H, Zhao J, Li Y, Shen F, Li X, Yin Q, Qin Z, Yan X, Wang Y, Zhang P, Zhang J. Synthesis and biological activity of novel 5′-arylamino-nucleosides by microwave-assisted one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/reduction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:574-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Romanowska J, Szymańska-Michalak A, Boryski J, Stawiński J, Kraszewski A, Loddo R, Sanna G, Collu G, Secci B, La Colla P. Aryl nucleoside H-phosphonates. Part 16: synthesis and anti-HIV-1 activity of di-aryl nucleoside phosphotriesters. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3489-98. [PMID: 19282192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Di-aryl nucleoside phosphotriesters have been explored as a new type of pronucleotides for the purpose of anti-HIV-1 therapy and efficient synthetic protocols, based on H-phosphonate chemistry, have been developed for the preparation of this class of compounds. It was found that anti-HIV-1 activity of the phosphotriesters bearing an antiviral nucleoside moiety (AZT, ddA) and also ddU was due, at least partially, to intracellular conversion into the corresponding nucleoside 5'-monophosphates, and their efficiency correlated well with the pK(a) values of the aryloxy groups present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Romanowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Sable HZ. Biosynthesis of ribose and deoxyribose. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 28:391-460. [PMID: 5334064 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122730.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Khan SR, Kumar SK, Farquhar D. Bis(carbamoyloxymethyl) esters of 2',3'-dideoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (ddUMP) as potential ddUMP prodrugs. Pharm Res 2005; 22:390-6. [PMID: 15835744 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-1876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported the synthesis of bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) 2',3'-dideoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (POM2-ddUMP) (1a) as a membrane-transport prodrug formulation of the free parent nucleotide, ddUMP. Although successful at delivering ddUMP into cells in culture, POM2-ddUMP was rapidly degraded by plasma carboxylate esterases after intravenous administration to experimental animals, and therefore has limited therapeutic potential as a systemically administered prodrug. We now report the synthesis of bis(N,N'-dimethylcarbamoyloxymethyl)- and bis(N-piperidinocarbamoyloxymethyl) 2',3'-dideoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate [DM2-ddUMP (1b) and DP2-ddUMP (1c), respectively], analogues of POM2-ddUMP that were designed to be more resistant to degradation by plasma esterases. METHODS After entering cell by passive diffusion, it was anticipated that loss of one of the carbamoyloxymethyl groups of 1b and 1c would occur by spontaneous chemical hydrolysis to give the intermediate phosphodiesters, 2b and 2c. Cleavage of the remaining carbamoyloxymethyl groups by cellular phosphodiesterase I would generate ddUMP. 1b and 1c were prepared by condensation of 2',3'-dideoxyuridine (ddU) with the appropriate bis(N-alkylcarbamoyloxymethyl) phosphate in DMA in the presence of triphenylphosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate (the Mitsunobo reagent). RESULTS The half-lives of 1b and 1c when incubated at a concentration of 10(-4) M in human plasma at 37 degrees C were 3.5 h and 3.7 h, respectively, similar to the half-lives observed under the same temperature conditions in 0.05 M aqueous phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. By contrast, the half-life of the POM2 prodrug, 1a, in plasma was only 5 min. The initial products of degradation of 1b and 1c were the phosphodiesters 2b and 2c. The latter compounds gave rise to ddUMP when incubated with snake venom phosphodiesterase I. CONCLUSION These findings support the premise inherent in the design of 1b and 1c, namely that the carbamate prodrugs are far more resistant to hydrolysis by plasma carboxylate esterases than their POM counterparts and can revert to the free parent 5'-mononucletides by successive chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis. Further studies of 1b and 1c as membrane-permeable prodrugs of ddUMP are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed R Khan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
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Khan SR, Nowak B, Plunkett W, Farquhar D. Bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) thymidine 5'-phosphate is a cell membrane-permeable precursor of thymidine 5'-phosphate in thymidine kinase deficient CCRF CEM cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 69:1307-13. [PMID: 15826601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Accepted: 02/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) thymidine 5-phosphate (POM(2)-dTMP) has been investigated as a membrane-permeable prodrugs of dTMP. The growth inhibitory activity of POM(2)-TMP has been compared with thymidine (TdR) in wild type CCRF CEM cells (CEM) and a strain that lacks TdR kinase (CEM tk-). After 72 h incubation at 37 degrees C, TdR showed significant antiproliferative activity (IC(50)=27 microM) against CEM cells but was weakly effective (IC(50)=730 microM) against the mutant cell line. By comparison, bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) thymidine 5'-monophosphate (POM(2)-dTMP) was equally inhibitory (IC(50)=5 microM) to both cell lines. The growth inhibitory effects were reversed by deoxycytidine. Cellular [methyl-(3)H]dTTP pools increased linearly over 2h during incubation of CEM or CEM tk- with 5 microM POM(2)-[methyl-(3)H]dTMP. The incorporation of [methyl-(3)H]TdR into HClO(4)-insoluble cell residue by CEM tk- was <0.1% that of CEM and did not increase over 1h. In contrast, CEM tk- incorporated radioactivity from POM(2)-dTMP into acid insoluble residue at a rate 59% that of CEM. These results demonstrate that POM(2)-dTMP can penetrate into cells and serve as a source of dTMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed R Khan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Abstract
For treatment of congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia (CDG-Ia) membrane-permeant derivatives of mannose-1-phosphate are required. Employing biologically cleavable phosphate protecting groups advantageous precursor derivatives could be synthesized following a facile approach. Their enzymatic cleavages using esterase from porcine liver (E.C. 3.1.1.1) were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synke Rutschow
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Hamburg, Germany
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Staschke KA, Colacino JM. Drug discovery and development of antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2001; Spec No:111-83. [PMID: 11548207 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7784-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A safe and effective vaccine for hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been available for nearly twenty years and currently campaigns to provide universal vaccination in developing countries are underway. Nevertheless, chronic HBV infection remains a leading cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide and there is a strong need for safe and effective antiviral therapies. Attempts to identify and develop antiviral agents to treat chronic HBV infection remains focused on nucleoside analogs such as 3TC (lamivudine), adefovir dipivoxil, (bis-POMPMEA), and others. However, advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of HBV and the development of new assays for HBV polymerase activity, such as the reconstitution of active HBV polymerase in vitro, should facilitate large screening efforts for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Recent advances have furthered our understanding of clinical resistance to lamivudine, have provided new approaches to treatment, and have offered new perspectives on the major challenges to the identification and development of antiviral agents for chronic HBV infection. Here, in an update to our previous review article that appeared in this series [59a], we focus on recent advances that have occurred in the areas of virus structure and replication, in vitro viral polymerase assays, cell culture systems, and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Staschke
- Infectious Diseases Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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12
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Shafiee M, Deferme S, Villard AL, Egron D, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Lioux T, Pompon A, Varray S, Aubertin AM, Van Den Mooter G, Kinget R, Périgaud C, Augustijns P. New bis(SATE) prodrug of AZT 5'-monophosphate: in vitro anti-HIV activity, stability, and potential oral absorption. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90:448-63. [PMID: 11170035 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6017(200104)90:4<448::aid-jps1003>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro anti-HIV activity, stability, and potential for oral absorption of a phosphotriester derivative of AZT (zidovudine; 3'-azido-2',3'-deoxythymidine) bearing a new esterase-labile S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) group as transient phosphate protection are reported. The biolabile protection is characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl function in the acyl chain. In accordance with previously reported data in the bis(SATE) prodrug series, the present results demonstrate that the studied bis(hydroxytBuSATE)phosphotriester exerts its biological effects via intracellular delivery of the 5'-monophosphate of AZT. The hydroxyl function confers a high resistance against esterase hydrolysis, and the studied prodrug is able to cross the Caco-2 cell monolayers in intact form, suggesting that its further development as a possible anti-HIV pronucleotide candidate is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiee
- Laboratorium voor Farmacotechnologie en Biofarmacie, O & N, Gasthuisberg, K.U. Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Bis(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyloxymethyl) 2′, 3′-dideoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate (DM2-ddUMP): A potential ddUMP prodrug. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)02446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Colacino JM, Staschke KA. The identification and development of antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1998; 50:259-322. [PMID: 9670781 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8833-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis throughout the world. Notwithstanding the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, the world prevalence of HBV has not declined significantly, thus resulting in the need for a selective antiviral agent. HBV is a small, partially double-stranded DNA virus which replicates through an RNA intermediate. Most efforts to develop anti-HBV agents have been targeted to the viral DNA polymerase which possesses reverse transcriptase activity. Currently, the most promising anti-HBV agents are nucleoside analogs which interfere with viral DNA replication. Although earlier nucleoside analogs such as vidarabine (ara-A) and fialuridine (FIAU) have displayed unacceptable toxicities, newer analogs such as lamivudine (3TC), bis-POM PMEA (GS-840), lobucavir, and BMS-200,475 have demonstrated clinical utility. In particular, the use of lamivudine has generated considerable interest in the development of other L-enantiomeric nucleoside analogs for use against HBV. Here, we provide an overview of HBV structure and replication strategy and discuss the use of cell culture systems, in vitro viral polymerase systems, and animal models to identify and evaluate anti-HBV agents. We also discuss the various classes of nucleoside analogs in terms of structure, mechanism of action, status in clinical development, ability to select for resistant HBV variants, and use in combination therapies. Finally, we present a discussion of novel antiviral approaches, including antisense and gene therapy, and address the various challenges to successful anti-HBV chemotherapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Colacino
- Infectious Diseases Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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WEINFELD H, SANDBERG AA. EFFECTS OF COLCHICINE ON THE INCORPORATION OF NUCLEIC ACID PRECURSORS INTO RAT LIVER RIBOSENUCLEIC ACID. Biochem Pharmacol 1996; 13:1627-37. [PMID: 14248391 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(64)90217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Austin RE, Cleary DG. Synthesis of a Difluorophosphonate Analog of the Oxathiolanyl Nucleoside (−)-β-L-(2R,5S)-1,3-Oxathianyl-5-fluorocytosine (FTC). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/15257779508009758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Labataille P, Pélicano H, Maury G, Imbach JL, Gosselin G. Synthesis and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition properties of two new methylenephosphonate analogues of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine-5′-triphosphate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00401-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Biologically-cleavable phosphate protective groups: 4-Acyloxy-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes as neutral latent precursors of dianionic phosphates. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)02344-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Rational design for cytosolic delivery of nucleoside monphosphates : “SATE” and “DTE” as enzyme-labile transient phosphate protecting groups. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Freed JJ, Farquhar D, Hampton A. Evidence for acyloxymethyl esters of pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleotides as extracellular sources of active 5'-deoxyribonucleotides in cultured cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1989; 38:3193-8. [PMID: 2818620 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(89)90613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cells commonly resist growth inhibition by purine and pyrimidine bases and nucleosides by restricting intracellular formation of the corresponding 5'-mononucleotides. Nucleotide derivatives that can act as effective membrane-transport precursors of the poorly membrane-permeable nucleotides have not been identified so far. We studied the bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)ester (I) of FdUMP (5-fluoro-dUMP) and a cyclic phosphodiester (II) of FdUMP derived from 1,3-dihydroxyl-1-C-(pivaloyloxy-methyl)propane which are active in vivo against a 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR)-resistant mouse leukemia and are attacked by carboxylic esterases under physiological conditions to produce FdUMP by elimination of formaldehyde and acrolein respectively. The assay for intracellular FdUMP was the inhibition of DNA synthesis due to inhibition of TMP synthetase in cultured mouse LM(TK-) fibroblasts genetically devoid of thymidine kinase (TK) and thus unable to convert FUdR directly to FdUMP. At 10(-6)M, I, II, or FUdR inhibited DNA synthesis in 2 hr by 99, 80, and 35% respectively; at 10(-5)M. maximal inhibition was attained after less than 15, 30 and 90 min respectively. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in TK+ cells by 10(-5) M I, II, or FUdR was reversed completely by 10(-5)M thymidine (TdR) but unaffected by 10(-5)M UdR, confirming TMP synthetase as the locus of inhibition. At 10(-5)M, bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) esters of phenyl phosphate or a p-substituted benzylphosphonic acid did not inhibit significantly DNA synthesis in TK+ cells. From this finding, and from effects produced by V (see below), we conclude that pivalic acid and CH2O arising from I contribute little to its above inhibitory effects. In TK- cells in which DNA synthesis is prevented by blockade of TMP synthetase with aminopterin, the bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) ester (V) of TMP, at 0.9 x 10(-4) M, induced a 4-fold faster rate of DNA synthesis than did 10(-3)M TMP, whereas 10(-3) M TdR did not affect the rate. After 3 hr the rate with V was 80% that in the absence of aminopterin. In the above systems the nucleotide diesters I, II and V appear to be acting as effective extracellular sources of active intracellular FdUMP and TMP, in processes that involve loss of the two esterifying groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Freed
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
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Elgavish A, Elgavish GA. Evidence for the presence of an ATP transport system in brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from the kidney cortex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 812:595-9. [PMID: 3967026 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(85)90336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Results of 31P-NMR studies and transport experiments using the radioactive tracer technique are presented. They point to the conclusion that ATP is taken up into isolated renal brush-border membrane vesicles, possibly by a carrier-mediated mechanism.
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Srivastva DN, Farquhar D. Bioreversible phosphate protective groups: Synthesis and stability of model acyloxymethyl phosphates. Bioorg Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0045-2068(84)90022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pasque MK, Spray TL, Pellom GL, Trigt PV, Peyton RB, Currie WD, Wechsler AS. Ribose-enhanced myocardial recovery following ischemia in the isolated working rat heart. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(19)37274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Anwar Waqar M, Taber RL, Huberman JA. Studies on the penetration of mammalian cells by deoxyribonucleoside-5'-phosphates. J Cell Physiol 1979; 101:251-9. [PMID: 511953 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have tested the ability of [5'-32P]-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates (dNMPs) to penetrate living mouse fibroblast L cells and human HeLa cells. Under the conditions of our experiments, small numbers of apparently intact dNMP molecules appeared to penetrate into the interior of L cells and be incorporated into DNA. This incorporation was not due to mycoplasma contamination nor to extracellular hydrolysis of the dNMPs followed by resynthesis inside the cell. Under these same conditions, penetration of HeLa cells by intact dNMPs did not occur to a significant extent. However, HeLa cells were capable of hydrolyzing extracellular dNMPs to Pi and deoxyribonucleosides at a much faster rate than L cells. These experiments provide a starting point for attempts to specifically label the DNA in intact, living eukaryotic cells with [32P]-dNMPs.
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Iizuka H, Adachi K, Halprin KM, Levine V. Adenosine and adenine nucleotides stimulation of skin (epidermal) adenylate cyclase. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1976; 444:685-93. [PMID: 186102 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(76)90315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine, AMP, ADP and ATP activated adenylate cyclase in pig skin (epidermis) slices resulting in the accumulation of cyclic AMP. This effect was highly potentiated by the addition of the cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor, papaverine. But another inhibitor, theophylline, strongly blocked the activation of adenylate cyclase by adenosine and adenine nucleotides. Theophylline apparently competed with adenosine for the cell surface receptor. Like theophylline, the addition of adenine alone caused no accumulation of cyclic AMP, but it significantly inhibited the stimulatory effect of adenosine. Guanosine, or guanine, cytidine, uridine, or thymidine nucleotides had no effect on the accumulation of cyclic AMP. Among other adenine nucleotides we tested, adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate, but not adenosine 5'-monosulfate significantly increased cyclic AMP especially with the addition of papaverine. Neither 2'- nor 3'-adenylic acid were effective. Our data indicate that pig epidermis has four specific and independent adenylate cyclase systems for adenosine (and adenine nucleotides), histamine, epinephrine and prostaglandin E.
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Farmer JB, Farrar DG. Pharmacological studies with adenine, adenosine and some phosphorylated derivatives on guinea-pig tracheal muscle. J Pharm Pharmacol 1976; 28:748-52. [PMID: 10367 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1976.tb04040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenine, adenosine and three adenine nucleotides all caused relaxation of the guinea-pig trachea. The relaxation to the nucleotides was often preceded by a contraction. The response to adenosine and the nucleotides, but not adenine, was potentiated by dipyridamole. Imidazole inhibited the response to adenine alone. Propranolol has no effect on the response to any of the compounds. It is concluded that the guinea-pig trachea does not possess and a nucleotide-specific receptor as has been postulated for some other smooth muscle preparations. An alternative hypothesis postulating an adenosine-specific receptor is presented.
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Montgomery JA, Elliott RD, Thomas HJ. The synthesis and evaluation of azapurine nucleosides as cytotoxic agents. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1975; 255:292-305. [PMID: 1059363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb29237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sjöberg B, WAHLSTRöm BA. The effect of ATP and related compounds on spontaneous mechanical activity in the rat portal vein. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1975; 94:46-53. [PMID: 1155166 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1975.tb05860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine were studied on the spontaneous mechanical activity of the rat portal vein. 2It was found that STP and ADP, in concentrations higher than 300 mug M, caused a transient tetanus, followed by inhibition, and at lower concentrations an increase in the frequency and amplitude of the spontaneous contractions. AMP and adeosine on the other hand, inhibited spontaneous activity, by reducing the amplitude of contractions and increasing their frequency. The effects were dose-dependent. ATP was found to be 2.2 times more potent than ADP, while AMP and adenosine were equipotent. Weak inhibitory effects were obtained with GMP, guanosine and adenine, while GTP, 3K-cyclic AMP and guanine had no effect. ATP and ADP increased the K-contracture, while AMP and adenosine relaxed it. The effects of ATP were augmented in Mg-free solutions and partially inhibited in Mg-high solutions in the normally polarized muscle, while Mg had no influence on the ATP-induced contraction in the depolarized muscle. Theophylline potentiated the inhibitory response to AMP and adenosine. Adrenergic and cholinergic blockers had no influence on the response to ATP, ADP, AMP or adenosine. It is suggested that the effects of ATP and ADP are linked with Ca++ movements across the membrane, while AMP and adenosine might stimulate intracellular metabolism causing increased intracellular Cs-++ binding.
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Duquette PH, Ritter CL, Vince R. Puromycin analogs. Ribosomal binding and peptidyl transferase substrate activity of a carbocyclic analog of 8-azapuromycin. Biochemistry 1974; 13:4855-9. [PMID: 4609468 DOI: 10.1021/bi00720a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hochberg AA, Rappoport S. The penetration of a dinucleoside monophosphate into rabbit blood cells in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 60:456-9. [PMID: 4423344 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(74)90225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Iso T. Effects of cyclic 3',5'-AMP and related compounds on catecholamine-induced contraction of isolated guinea-pig vas deferens. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1973; 23:717-21. [PMID: 4358270 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.23.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Siggins GR, Hoffer BJ, Bloom FE. Studies on norepinephrine-containing afferents to Purkinje cells of rat cerebellum. 3. Evidence for mediation of norepinephrine effects by cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate. Brain Res 1971; 25:535-53. [PMID: 4322679 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(71)90459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Montgomery JA. The biochemical basis for the drug actions of purines. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1970; 7:69-123. [PMID: 4923898 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Foung A, Norman AW. Biosynthesis of purine nucleotides in chick liver and intestine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 174:405-7. [PMID: 5766306 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(69)90269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Beck WS. Deoxyribonucleotide synthesis and the role of vitamin B12 in erythropoiesis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 1969; 26:413-42. [PMID: 4305972 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, at a concentration of 40 micrograms per milliliter, inhibits the growth of HeLa and strain L cells in culture. The inhibition becomes progressively greater during the incubation of the cells. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate and adenosine, metabolites of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, do not affect the growth of either cell culture. This suggests that 3',5'-monophosphate enters the cell without alteration. Dibutyryl-adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, reported to have a greater activity than adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate on several tissues, inhibited the growth of the cells much less.
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Moore PF, Iorio LC, McManus JM. Relaxation of the guinea-pig tracheal chain preparation by N6,2'-O-dibutyryl 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. J Pharm Pharmacol 1968; 20:368-72. [PMID: 4385440 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1968.tb09761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
N 6,2′-O-Dibutyryl 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dibutyryl 3′,5′-amp), isoprenaline and theophylline relax the guinea-pig tracheal chain preparation; whereas 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (3′,5′-amp) does not. The relaxant effect of isoprenaline, but not that of dibutyryl 3′,5′-amp, was blocked by propranolol. 3′,5′-amp is hydrolyzed rapidly by beef heart phosphodiesterase whereas dibutyryl 3′,5′-amp is not. The presence of equimolar concentrations of dibutyryl 3′,5′-amp does not alter the rate of phosphodiesterase mediated hydrolysis of 3′,5′-amp. These data are consistent with the theories that relaxation of the guinea-pig trachea may be mediated by 3′,5′-amp and that dibutyryl 3′,5′-amp acts by mimicking 3′,5′-amp at its site of action.
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Balis ME. Metabolism of Oxypurines In Man. Adv Clin Chem 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(08)60113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Larsson A, Reichard P. Enzymatic Reduction of Ribonucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Montgomery JA. On the chemotherapy of cancer. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1965; 8:431-507. [PMID: 5330377 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7056-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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ITZHAKI S, WHITTLE ED. METABOLIC STUDIES ON THE SUGARS OF NUCLEIC ACID. 3. 14C-LABELLING OF RIBOSE AND DEOXYRIBOSE IN RAT TISSUES IN VIVO. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1964; 91:190-8. [PMID: 14240636 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6550(64)90241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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MONTGOMERY JOHNA, DIXON GLENJ, DULMAGE ELIZABETHA, THOMAS HJEANETTE, BROCKMAN RWALLACE, SKIPPER HOWARDE. Inhibition of 6-Mercaptopurine-Resistant Cancer Cells in Culture by Bis(Thioinosine)-5′,-5‴-Phosphate. Nature 1963. [DOI: 10.1038/199769a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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LUCY JA, WEBB M, BIGGERS JD. Biosynthesis of pentoses and amino sugars in embryonic chick cartilage cultivated on a chemically defined medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1961; 54:259-65. [PMID: 14467166 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(61)90364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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REICHARD P. Formation of deoxyguanosine 5′-phosphate from guanosine 5′-phosphate with enzymes from chick embryos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1960; 41:368-9. [PMID: 14437041 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(60)90029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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