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Duckett SK, Pavan E. Effect of Post-Weaning Concentrate Feeding Prior to Forage Finishing on Intramuscular Fat Deposition. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:496. [PMID: 38338139 PMCID: PMC10854609 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of feeding high-concentrate diets post-weaning (PW) prior to forage finishing on (1) changes in ultrasound intramuscular fat deposition and lipogenic/lipolytic gene expression during the post-weaning phase and (2) carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition after forage finishing to 487 kg. Steers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (PW0, PW40, PW80, and PW120) at weaning to examine the time of high-concentrate feeding prior to forage finishing. The ultrasound intramuscular fat content was greater (p < 0.05) for PW120 compared to those for PW0, PW40, or PW80 at the end of the post-weaning phase. Feeding high concentrates (PW120) up-regulated (p < 0.01) the mRNA expression of fatty acid transporters and lipogenic genes and down-regulated lipolytic genes in the LM compared to PW0. Carcasses from PW120 were graded 83% Choice (p = 0.025), whereas carcasses from other post-weaning treatments (PW0, 40, or 80) were graded 25, 36, and 54% Choice, respectively, at the final harvest. The total fatty acid content of the muscle at slaughter was greater (p = 0.0004) for PW120 than PW0, PW40, and PW80. Feeding high-concentrate diets to steers post-weaning for 120 day enhanced early intramuscular fat deposition without causing major changes to the fatty acid composition of the longissimus muscle after forage finishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K. Duckett
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Enrique Pavan
- Instituto Nacional de Technolgia Agropecuaria—INTA, Balcarce 7620, Argentina;
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce 7620, Argentina
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2
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Bioactive Compounds and Adipocyte Browning Phenomenon. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3039-3052. [PMID: 35877434 PMCID: PMC9320013 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become worldwide health issues in most countries. Current strategies aimed to prevent or reduce overweight and obesity have mainly focused on the genes and molecular mechanisms that give the functional characteristics to different types of adipose tissue. The Browning phenomenon in adipocytes consists of phenotypic and metabolic changes within white adipose tissue (WAT) activated by thermogenic mechanisms similar to that occurring in brown adipose tissue (BAT); this phenomenon has assumed great relevance due to its therapeutic potential against overweight and obesity. In addition, the study of inflammation in the development of overweight and obesity has also been included as a relevant factor, such as the pro-inflammatory mechanisms promoted by M1-type macrophages in adipose tissue. Studies carried out in this area are mainly performed by using the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line, testing different bioactive compound sources such as plants and foods; nevertheless, it is necessary to standardize protocols used in vitro as well to properly scale them to animal models and clinical tests in order to have a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in overweight and obesity.
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Angiotensin II Inhibits Insulin Receptor Signaling in Adipose Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116048. [PMID: 35682723 PMCID: PMC9181642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a critical regulator of insulin signaling in the cardiovascular system and metabolic tissues. However, in adipose cells, the regulatory role of Ang II on insulin actions remains to be elucidated. The effect of Ang II on insulin-induced insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation, Akt activation, and glucose uptake was examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In these cells, Ang II specifically inhibited insulin-stimulated IR and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine-phosphorylation, Akt activation, and glucose uptake in a time-dependent manner. These inhibitory actions were associated with increased phosphorylation of the IR at serine residues. Interestingly, Ang II-induced serine-phosphorylation of IRS was not detected, suggesting that Ang II-induced desensitization begins from IR regulation itself. PKC inhibition by BIM I restored the inhibitory effect of Ang II on insulin actions. We also found that Ang II promoted activation of several PKC isoforms, including PKCα/βI/βII/δ, and its association with the IR, particularly PKCβII, showed the highest interaction. Finally, we also found a similar regulatory effect of Ang II in isolated adipocytes, where insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by Ang II, an effect that was prevented by PKC inhibitors. These results suggest that Ang II may lead to insulin resistance through PKC activation in adipocytes.
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Duckett SK, Greene MA. Identification of microRNA Transcriptome Involved in Bovine Intramuscular Fat Deposition. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:883295. [PMID: 35498736 PMCID: PMC9051433 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.883295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intramuscular fat deposition in beef is a major determinant of carcass quality and value in the USA. The objective of this study was to examine changes in microRNA (miRNA) transcriptome that are involved with intramuscular fat deposition with time-on-concentrates (TOC). Yearling steers were individually fed a high concentrate diet and changes in intramuscular fat deposition were monitored by real-time ultrasound at 28 to 33 d intervals. Longissimus muscle biopsies collected on d 0, 92 and 124 TOC to examine changes in miRNA transcriptome that are involved in intramuscular fat deposition. Results Steer body weight increased (P < 0.0001) at each weigh day during TOC. Fat thickness increased (P < 0.005) from d 28 to 124. Ribeye area was larger (P < 0.001) on d 124 than d 61, which was larger than d 0 and 28. Ultrasound intramuscular fat content was greater (P < 0.001) on d 92 and 124 compared to d 0, 28 or 61. Sequencing of the muscle biopsy samples identified one miRNA, bta-miR-122, that was up-regulated (P < 0.005) at d 92 and 124 compared to d 0. At d 92 TOC, mRNA expression levels of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and elongase 6 (ELOVL6) were up-regulated (P < 0.01) compared to d 0; whereas at d 124, lipogenic genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid transport, elongation and desaturation were highly up-regulated compared to d0. Conclusions Small RNA sequencing identified bta-miR-122 as a potential miRNA of interest that may be involved in intramuscular fat deposition with increasing TOC. Increased intramuscular fat content, as measured by real-time ultrasound, combined with differential gene expression suggests that preadipocyte differentiation may be stimulated first, which is followed by a global up-regulation of lipogenic genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis that provide fatty acids for subsequent hypertrophy.
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Unveiling the Role of the Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in the Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010197. [PMID: 35052876 PMCID: PMC8773613 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, is a progressive disease ranging from fatty liver to steatohepatitis (metabolic-associated steatohepatitis; MASH). Nevertheless, it remains underdiagnosed due to the lack of effective non-invasive methods for its diagnosis and staging. Although MAFLD has been found in lean individuals, it is closely associated with obesity-related conditions. Adipose tissue is the main source of liver triglycerides and adipocytes act as endocrine organs releasing a large number of adipokines and pro-inflammatory mediators involved in MAFLD progression into bloodstream. Among the adipocyte-derived molecules, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been recently associated with fatty liver and additional features of advanced stages of MAFLD. Additionally, emerging data from preclinical studies propose FABP4 as a causal actor involved in the disease progression, rather than a mere biomarker for the disease. Therefore, the FABP4 regulation could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to MAFLD. Here, we review the current knowledge of FABP4 in MAFLD, as well as its potential role as a therapeutic target for this disease.
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Chung YC, Hyun CG. Inhibitory Effects of Pinostilbene on Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: A Study of Possible Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413446. [PMID: 34948240 PMCID: PMC8704071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a phytoalexin with multiple bioactive properties, including antioxidative, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anticancer effects. However, resveratrol exhibits structural instability in response to UV irradiation, alkaline pH, and oxygen exposure. Thus, resveratrol derivatives have attracted considerable research interest. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-adipogenic effects of pinostilbene hydrate (PH), a methylated resveratrol derivative, in 3T3-L1 cells. We also evaluated the mechanisms underlying the effects of PH on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oil Red O staining, lipid accumulation assay, and triglyceride (TG) content assay revealed that PH significantly inhibited lipid and TG accumulation without cytotoxicity. In addition, we determined that PH decreased the expression of adipogenesis-related transcription factors, such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, and FABP4, and the phosphorylation of MAPK and protein kinase B (AKT). Moreover, PH attenuated the expression of CREB and C/EBPβ, while increasing the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, and decreasing the expression of fatty acid synthase and FABP4. Based on these results, we suggest that PH suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells via the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway and the inhibition of the MAPK and AKT insulin-dependent signaling pathways.
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Ahmed M, Lai TH, Kim DR. A Small Fraction of Progenitors Differentiate Into Mature Adipocytes by Escaping the Constraints on the Cell Structure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:753042. [PMID: 34708046 PMCID: PMC8542793 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.753042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiating 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes are a mixture of non-identical culture cells. It is vital to identify the cell types that respond to the induction stimulus to understand the pre-adipocyte potential and the mature adipocyte behavior. To test this hypothesis, we deconvoluted the gene expression profiles of the cell culture of MDI-induced 3T3-L1 cells. Then we estimated the fractions of the sub-populations and their changes in time. We characterized the sub-populations based on their specific expression profiles. Initial cell cultures comprised three distinct phenotypes. A small fraction of the starting cells responded to the induction and developed into mature adipocytes. Unresponsive cells were probably under structural constraints or were committed to differentiating into alternative phenotypes. Using the same population gene markers, similar proportions were found in induced human primary adipocyte cell cultures. The three sub-populations had diverse responses to treatment with various drugs and compounds. Only the response of the maturating sub-population resembled that estimated from the profiles of the mixture. We then showed that even at a low division rate, a small fraction of cells could increase its share in a dynamic two-populations model. Finally, we used a cell cycle expression index to validate that model. To sum, pre-adipocytes are a mixture of different cells of which a limited fraction become mature adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Trang Huyen Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
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Efficacy of a Novel Herbal Formulation (F2) on the Management of Obesity: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8854915. [PMID: 33628322 PMCID: PMC7884115 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8854915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Currently, obesity and its comorbidities have become a serious threat to human health necessitating urgent development of safe and effective therapy for their management. Materials and Methods In this research, a novel polyherbal formulation (F2) was prepared by mixing specific proportions of royal jelly and lemon juice with ethanol extracts of Orostachys japonicus, Rhus verniciflua, and Geranium thunbergii. The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assay methods. The antiobesity potential of the F2 was assessed in vitro using 3T3-L1 fibroblast and in vivo using a high-fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL/6J mice model. F2 was administered in mice at the dose of 23 mg/kg and 46 mg/kg, twice daily by oral gavage. A well-accepted antiobesity agent, Garcinia cambogia (GC), at 200 mg/kg was used as a positive control. Results F2 was observed to exhibit synergistic antiadipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells. This inhibition was reinforced by the downregulation of specific adipogenic transcription factors. Furthermore, F2 was also found to reduce mice body weight gain, food efficiency ratio, fasting blood glucose level, fat deposition into the liver, and mass of white adipose tissue. F2 also played a role in the excretion of fat consumed by the mice. For most of the assays performed, the F2 (46 mg/kg) was comparable to the positive control GC (200 mg/kg). In addition, potential and synergistic antioxidant activity was observed on F2. Conclusion The results revealed that the formulation F2 exhibited potential antiobesity activity through the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, dietary fat absorption, and reduction of free fatty acids deposition in tissues.
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Jiménez-Ortega E, Braza-Boïls A, Burgos M, Moratalla-López N, Vicente M, Alonso GL, Nava E, Llorens S. Crocetin Isolated from the Natural Food Colorant Saffron Reduces Intracellular Fat in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111648. [PMID: 33198073 PMCID: PMC7696798 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saffron, as a food colorant, has been displaced by low-cost synthetic dyes. These have unhealthy properties; thus, their replacement with natural food colorants is an emerging trend. Obesity is a worldwide health problem due to its associated comorbidities. Crocetin esters (crocins) are responsible for the red saffron color. Crocetin (CCT) exhibits healthful properties. We aimed to broaden the existing knowledge on the health properties of CCT isolated from saffron, to facilitate its consideration as a healthy natural food colorant in the future. We evaluated the ability of CCT (1 and 5 μM) to reduce lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Intracellular fat was quantified by Oil Red O staining. CTT cytotoxicity was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The number and size of lipid droplets were analyzed using WimLipid software. The expression of adipogenic genes (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, C/EBPα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)) was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). CCT 5 μM decreased intracellular fat by 22.6%, without affecting viability or lipid droplet generation, via a decrease in C/EBPα expression, implicated in lipid accumulation. Thus, CCT is a potential candidate to be included in dietary therapies aimed at reversing adipose tissue accumulation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jiménez-Ortega
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Aitana Braza-Boïls
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Muerte Súbita y Mecanismos de Enfermedad (CaFaMuSMe), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Miguel Burgos
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Natalia Moratalla-López
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (N.M.-L.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Manuel Vicente
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.); (E.N.)
| | - Gonzalo L. Alonso
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (N.M.-L.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Eduardo Nava
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.); (E.N.)
| | - Sílvia Llorens
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Mechanisms linking adipose tissue inflammation to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2329-2344. [PMID: 31777927 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is classically recognized as the primary site of lipid storage, but in recent years has garnered appreciation for its broad role as an endocrine organ comprising multiple cell types whose collective secretome, termed as adipokines, is highly interdependent on metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory state. Anatomical location (e.g. visceral, subcutaneous, epicardial etc) and cellular composition of adipose tissue (e.g. white, beige, and brown adipocytes, macrophages etc.) also plays a critical role in determining its response to metabolic state, the resulting secretome, and its potential impact on remote tissues. Compared with other tissues, the heart has an extremely high and constant demand for energy generation, of which most is derived from oxidation of fatty acids. Availability of this fatty acid fuel source is dependent on adipose tissue, but evidence is mounting that adipose tissue plays a much broader role in cardiovascular physiology. In this review, we discuss the impact of the brown, subcutaneous, and visceral white, perivascular (PVAT), and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) secretome on the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a particular focus on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Choi YR, Shim J, Kim MJ. Genistin: A Novel Potent Anti-Adipogenic and Anti-Lipogenic Agent. Molecules 2020; 25:E2042. [PMID: 32349444 PMCID: PMC7248826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy isoflavones are popular ingredients with anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic properties. The anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic properties of genistein are well-known, but those of genistin and glycitein remain unknown, and those of daidzein are characterized by contrasting data. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of daidzein, glycitein, genistein, and genistin on adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was unaffected by genistin and glycitein, but it was affected by 50 and 100 µM genistein and 100 µM daidzein for 48 h. Among the four isoflavones, only 50 and 100 µM genistin and genistein markedly suppressed lipid accumulation during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells through a similar signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Genistin and genistein suppress adipocyte-specific proteins and genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and adipocyte binding protein 2 (aP2)/fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and lipogenic enzymes such as ATP citrate lyase (ACL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Both isoflavones also activate AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), an essential factor in adipocyte differentiation, and inhibited sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c). These results indicate that genistin is a potent anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Rim Choi
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea (J.S.)
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jaewon Shim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea (J.S.)
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea (J.S.)
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Wang CP, Hsu CC, Hung WC, Yu TH, Wu CC, Tsai IT, Tang WH, Chung FM, Houng JY, Lee YJ, Lu YC. Plasma fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) level is associated with abnormal QTc interval in patients with stable angina and chronic kidney disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:153. [PMID: 31234795 PMCID: PMC6591904 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) (also known as adipocyte FABP or adipocyte P2) is expressed in adipocytes, macrophages, and capillary endothelial cells. Previous studies have shown associations among plasma FABP4, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, greater coronary plaque burden, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and mortality. However, little is known about the relationship between FABP4 level and prolonged QT interval. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma FABP4 level is associated with a prolonged QT interval by analyzing 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) in patients with stable angina and chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS This study included 397 consecutive patients with stable angina and CKD who were enrolled in a disease management program. Plasma FABP4 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A 12-lead ECG recording was obtained from each patient. We assessed the relationships between FABP4 levels (both as a continuous variable and stratified by tertile) at admission and corrected QT (QTc) prolongation. RESULTS Patients with an abnormal QTc interval had higher median plasma FABP4 levels than those with borderline and normal QTc intervals (15.9 ng/mL vs. 10.2 ng/mL vs. 8.5 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.0001). Statistically significant associations were observed between plasma FABP4 levels and QTc interval (β = 0.267, P < 0.0001). Using multivariate and trend analyses, a higher concentration of plasma FABP4 level was independently associated with QTc prolongation in patients with stable angina and CKD. CONCLUSION In this study, plasma FABP4 levels were significantly higher in the patients with an abnormal QTc interval and were correlated with QTc prolongation. Further studies are required to elucidate whether plasma FABP4 plays a role in the pathogenesis of QTc prolongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ping Wang
- Division of Cardiology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Hung
- Division of Cardiology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hung Yu
- Division of Cardiology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ching Wu
- Division of Cardiology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Tsai
- Department of Emergency, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Tang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, 26058, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Mei Chung
- Division of Cardiology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yiing Houng
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Jiunn Lee
- Lee's Endocrinologic Clinic, Pingtung, 90000, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd, Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan.
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Pandeya PR, Lamichhane R, Lee KH, Kim SG, Lee DH, Lee HK, Jung HJ. Bioassay-guided isolation of active anti-adipogenic compound from royal jelly and the study of possible mechanisms. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:33. [PMID: 30696450 PMCID: PMC6352437 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Royal jelly (RJ) has been used traditionally for dietary, cosmetic and health purposes for a long time in different parts of the world. Scientific studies have also shown its numerous health-promoting properties including hypoglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic action. In this study, we investigated the anti-adipogenic activity of RJ in 3 T3-L1 cells and isolated the major responsible root component for the activity. Methods An active anti-adipogenic compound was isolated through bioassay-guided isolation process by successive treatment of RJ and its active fractions on 3 T3-L1 cell line. (E)-10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid (10-HDA) was identified using NMR spectroscopy and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). As 10-HDA showed significant anti-adipogenic activity with Oil Red O staining and TG content assay on 3 T3-L1 adipocytes, further study was carried out in molecular level for the expression of adipogenic transcription factors such as PPARγ, FABP4, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, and Leptin. The effect of 10-HDA on preliminary molecules such as pAkt, pERK, C/EBPβ, and pCREB were studied in the early stage of adipogenesis. The effect of 10-HDA on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in fully differentiating adipocytes was measured by nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay. Result Results showed that triacylglycerol accumulation and ROS production was markedly suppressed by 10-HDA. Preliminary molecules such as pAkt, pERK, pCERB, and C/EBPβ were found to be down-regulated by 10-HDA, which led to down-regulation of key adipogenic transcription factors such as PPARγ, FABP4, CEBPα, SREBP-1c, and Leptin on 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusion Our results suggest that anti-adipogenesis of 10-HDA on 3 T3-L1 adipocyte takes place via two mechanisms: inhibition of cAMP/PKA pathway and inhibition of p-Akt and MAPK dependent insulin signaling pathway. So it is considered that 10-HDA, a major component of RJ, can be a potential therapeutic medicine for obesity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2423-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Yin J, Seo CS, Hwang IH, Lee MW, Song KH. Anti-Obesity Activities of Chikusetsusaponin IVa and Dolichos lablab L. Seeds. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091221. [PMID: 30177649 PMCID: PMC6164478 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a condition where excess body fat accumulates to the extent, causes a negative effect on health. Previously, we reported the extract of Dolichos lablab L. (DLL-Ex) inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increases in body weight and body fat mass and ameliorated increases in body weight. In the present work, we studyed the molecular mechanism for the inhibitory effect of DLL-Ex or Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CS-IVa), as isolated from Dolichos lablab L. (DLL) seeds extract, on adipocyte differentiation. We evaluated the effect of DLL-Ex, an anti-obesity agent, and CS-IVa, an active component of DLL-Ex, on 3T3-L1 cell differentiation via Oil red O assay and Q-PCR, along with their effects on CCAAT element binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) mRNA transcriptions. FAS and FABP4 protein expression levels after exposure to CS-IVa were also tested. The results showed that DLL-Ex and CS-IVa have potent inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, DLL and CS-IVa may be developed as a functional food material to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product-based Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - In Hyeok Hwang
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product-based Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Min Won Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product-based Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Kwang Hoon Song
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea.
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Ishii T, Miyauchi K, Nitta Y, Kaneko K, Maruyama T, Sato T. Mechanism for Decreased Gene Expression of β4-Galactosyltransferase 5 upon Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Mouse Preadipocytes to Adipocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1463-1470. [PMID: 29984736 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Upon differentiation of cells, remarkable changes in the structures of glycans linked to lipids on cell surface have been observed. Lactosylceramide (Lac-Cer) serves as a common precursor for a series of glycosphingolipids with diverse structures. In the present study, we examined the underlying mechanism for the biosynthesis of Lac-Cer upon differentiation of 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes to adipocytes. TLC analysis showed that the amounts of Lac-Cer decrease in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In accordance with this change, the gene expression level of β4-galactosyltransferase (β4GalT) 5, which was identified as Lac-Cer synthase, decreased drastically upon differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The analysis of the transcriptional mechanism of the β4GalT5 gene demonstrated that the core promoter region is identified between nucleotides -299 and -1 relative to the translational start site. During adipocyte differentiation, the expression levels and promoter activities of the β4GalT5 gene decreased dramatically. Since the Specificity protein 1 (Sp1)-binding sites in the promoter region were critical for the promoter activity, it is suggested that Sp1 plays an important role for the expression of the β4GalT5 gene in 3T3-L1 cells. The gene and protein expression of Sp1 decreased significantly upon differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Taken together, the present study suggest that the expression of the β4GalT5 gene decreases through reduced expression of the Sp1 gene and protein upon differentiation of 3T3-L1 peradipocytes to adipocytes, which may lead to the decreased amounts of Lac-Cer in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ishii
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Kana Miyauchi
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Yoshiharu Nitta
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Kazuhiro Kaneko
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Takuro Maruyama
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
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Ma M, Quan Y, Li Y, He X, Xiao J, Zhan M, Zhao W, Xin Y, Lu L, Luo L. Bidirectional modulation of insulin action by reactive oxygen species in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:807-814. [PMID: 29767231 PMCID: PMC6059710 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve an important role in glucose‑lipid metabolic regulation. In the present study, the results demonstrated that there was bidirectional regulation of insulin action in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes treated with ROS. Transient and acute ROS exposure improved insulin‑induced metabolic effects in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a stable and diffusible ROS, diffused into adipocytes and altered intracellular redox homeostasis, resulting in oxidation and inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Inactivation of PTEN enhanced the activation of insulin‑induced protein kinase B (AKT), leading to increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) redistribution and glucose uptake in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes. However, chronic ROS treatment induced insulin resistance in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes. It was also revealed that insulin‑induced AKT activation, GLUT4 translocation to cell membrane and glucose uptake were significantly inhibited in chronic ROS‑treated 3T3‑L1 adipocytes. Taken together, the present study provided further demonstration that transient ROS treatment improved insulin sensitivity; however, chronic ROS exposure induced insulin resistance in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Yingyao Quan
- Center of Intervention Radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Center of Intervention Radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Xu He
- Center of Intervention Radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Center of Intervention Radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Center of Intervention Radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Center of Intervention Radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Xin
- Center of Intervention Radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Center of Intervention Radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Liangping Luo
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Shafei AES, Nabih ES, Shehata KA, Abd Elfatah ESM, Sanad ABA, Marey MY, Hammouda AAMA, Mohammed MMM, Mostafa R, Ali MA. Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors and Reprogramming of Adipogenesis: An Early-Life Risk Factor for Childhood Obesity. Child Obes 2018; 14:18-25. [PMID: 29019419 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem. It is characterized by excess adipose tissue that results from either increase in the number of adipocytes or increase in adipocytes size. Adipocyte differentiation is a highly regulated process that involves the activation of several transcription factors culminating in the removal of adipocytes from the cell cycle and induction of highly specific proteins. Several other factors, including hormones, genes, and epigenetics, are among the most important triggers of the differentiation process. Although the main contributing factors to obesity are high caloric intake, a sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition, strong evidence supports a role for life exposure to environmental pollutants. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are exogenous, both natural and man-made, chemicals that disrupt the body signaling processes, thus interfering with the endocrine system. Several studies have shown that prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors modulates the mechanisms, by which multipotent mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into adipocytes. This review discusses adipocytes differentiation and highlights the possible mechanisms of prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors in reprogramming of adipogenesis and induction of obesity later in life. Therefore, this review provides knowledge that reduction of early life exposure to these chemicals could open the door for new strategies in the prevention of obesity, especially during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Sayed Shafei
- 1 Department of Biomedical Research, Armed Forces College of Medicine , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Samir Nabih
- 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University , Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Randa Mostafa
- 1 Department of Biomedical Research, Armed Forces College of Medicine , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Ali
- 1 Department of Biomedical Research, Armed Forces College of Medicine , Cairo, Egypt
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Seo YJ, Kim KJ, Koh EJ, Choi J, Lee BY. Anti-adipogenesis mechanism of pterostilbene through the activation of heme oxygenase-1 in 3T3-L1 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 33:7-13. [PMID: 28887923 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid and major compound and has diverse biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory. However, it has not been shown whether pterostilbene affects the mitotic clonal expansion during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. PURPOSE In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the detailed mechanism of pterostilbene on anti-adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. METHODS Preadipocytes were converted to adipocytes through treatment with MDI (IBMX; 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, DEX; dexamethasone, insulin) in 3T3-L1 cells. Oil Red O staining was performed to measure intracellular lipid accumulation. Western blot analysis was conducted to analyze protein expressions. RESULTS Our results showed that pterostilbene decreased the lipid accumulation compared to MDI-induced differentiation, using Oil Red O staining. Next, we found that pterostilbene suppressed the expression of C/EBPα, PPARγ, and aP2 as well as the mitotic clonal expansion-associated proteins CHOP10 and C/EBPβ, by western blot analysis. Our results indicated that pterostilbene may repress adipocyte differentiation through the activation of HO-1 expression prior to entering into the mitotic clonal expansion in 3T3-L1 cells. RNA interference was used to determine whether HO-1 acts as a regulator of CHOP10. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that pterostilbene induced HO-1 expression which acts as a regulator of CHOP10. Together, we demonstrated that pterostilbene suppresses the initiation of mitotic clonal expansion via up-regulation of HO-1 expression during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Kyonggi 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Kui-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Kyonggi 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Koh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Kyonggi 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Jia Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Kyonggi 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Kyonggi 463-400, Republic of Korea.
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Rodríguez-Calvo R, Girona J, Alegret JM, Bosquet A, Ibarretxe D, Masana L. Role of the fatty acid-binding protein 4 in heart failure and cardiovascular disease. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R173-R184. [PMID: 28420707 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and ectopic fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues are major contributors to heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipocytes act as endocrine organs by releasing a large number of bioactive molecules into the bloodstream, which participate in a communication network between white adipose tissue and other organs, including the heart. Among these molecules, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has recently been shown to increase cardiometabolic risk. Both clinical and experimental evidence have identified FABP4 as a relevant player in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, and it has been directly related to cardiac alterations such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and both systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction. The available interventional studies preclude the establishment of a direct causal role of this molecule in CVD and HF and propose FABP4 as a biomarker rather than as an aetiological factor. However, several experimental reports have suggested that FABP4 may act as a direct contributor to cardiac metabolism and physiopathology, and the pharmacological targeting of FABP4 may restore some of the metabolic alterations that are conducive to CVD and HF. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding FABP4 in the context of HF and CVD as well as the molecular basis by which this protein participates in the regulation of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M Alegret
- Department of CardiologyCardiovascular Research Group, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Bosquet
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Daiana Ibarretxe
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
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Khan F, Syeda PK, Nartey MNN, Rahman MS, Islam MS, Nishimura K, Jisaka M, Shono F, Yokota K. Pretreatment of cultured preadipocytes with arachidonic acid during the differentiation phase without a cAMP-elevating agent enhances fat storage after the maturation phase. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 123:16-27. [PMID: 26928048 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) and the related prostanoids exert complex effects on the adipocyte differentiation depending on the culture conditions and life stages. Here, we investigated the effect of the pretreatment of cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with exogenous AA during the differentiation phase without 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), a cAMP-elevating agent, on the storage of fats after the maturation phase. This pretreatment with AA stimulated appreciably adipogenesis after the maturation phase as evident with the up-regulated gene expression of adipogenic markers. The stimulatory effect of the pretreatment with AA was attenuated by the co-incubation with each of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. Among exogenous prostanoids and related compounds, the pretreatment with MRE-269, a selective agonist of the IP receptor for prostaglandin (PG) I2, strikingly stimulated the storage of fats in adipocytes. The gene expression analysis of arachidonate COX pathway revealed that the transcript levels of inducible COX-2, membrane-bound PGE synthase-1, and PGF synthase declined more greatly in cultured preadipocytes treated with AA. By contrast, the expression levels of COX-1, cytosolic PGE synthase, and PGI synthase remained constitutive. The treatment of cultured preadipocytes with AA resulted in the decreased synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2α serving as anti-adipogenic PGs although the biosynthesis of pro-adipogenic PGI2 was up-regulated during the differentiation phase. Moreover, the gene expression levels of EP4 and FP, the respective prostanoid receptors for PGE2 and PGF2α, were gradually suppressed by the supplementation with AA, whereas that of IP for PGI2 remained relatively constant. Collectively, these results suggest the predominant role of endogenous PGI2 in the stimulatory effect of the pretreatment of cultured preadipoccytes with AA during the differentiation phase without IBMX on adipogenesis after the maturation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdous Khan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Pinky Karim Syeda
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Michael Nii N Nartey
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Mohammad Shahidur Rahman
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Center for Integrated Research in Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Jisaka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Shono
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 7700-8514, Japan
| | - Kazushige Yokota
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan.
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Sung J, Lee J. Capsicoside G, a furostanol saponin from pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) seeds, suppresses adipogenesis through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in 3T3-L1 cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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An apolipoprotein B100 mimotope prevents obesity in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 130:105-16. [PMID: 26519425 PMCID: PMC4673603 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunization with an ApoB100 mimotope prevents high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. Antibody titres parallel the weight decrements. In vitro data implicate increased lipolysis and reduced lipoprotein uptake by adipocytes, as well as increased uptake and metabolism of native lipoprotein by macrophages. Although apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) plays a key role in peripheral fat deposition, it is not considered a suitable therapeutic target in obesity. In the present study we describe a novel ApoB100 mimotope, peptide pB1, and the use of pB1-based vaccine-like formulations (BVFs) against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. In HFD- compared with chow-fed adolescent mice, BVFs reduced the 3-month body-weight gains attributable to increased dietary fat by 44–65%, and prevented mesenteric fat accumulation and liver steatosis. The body-weight reductions paralleled the titres of pB1-reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, and pB1-reactive antibodies specifically recognized native ApoB100 and a synthetic peptide from the C-terminal half of ApoB100. In cultured 3T3L1 adipocytes, anti-pB1 antibodies increased lipolysis and inhibited low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake. In cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages, the same antibodies enhanced LDL uptake (without causing foam cell formation). These findings make ApoB100 a promising target for an immunization strategy against HFD-induced obesity.
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Colca JR. The TZD insulin sensitizer clue provides a new route into diabetes drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:1259-70. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang W, Bai S, Liu D, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Neuropeptide Y promotes adipogenesis in chicken adipose cells in vitro. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 181:62-70. [PMID: 25461485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y is an evolutionarily conserved neurotransmitter that stimulates food intake in higher vertebrate species and promotes adipogenesis in mammals. The objective of this study was to determine if NPY also enhances adipogenesis in birds, using chickens as a model. The stromal-vascular fraction of cells was isolated from the abdominal fat of 14 day-old broiler chicks and effects of exogenous chicken NPY on proliferation and differentiation determined. Based on a thymidine analog incorporation assay and gene expression analysis, there was no effect of NPY on proliferation during the first 12 hours post-treatment in cells that were induced to proliferate. However, there were effects of NPY treatment on proliferation and lipid accumulation during the first 6 days post-induction of differentiation. Neuropeptide Y supplementation during induction of differentiation was associated with greater glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and staining for neutral lipids, indicative of augmented lipid accumulation. This was also accompanied by increased proliferation during differentiation, which was characterized by up-regulation of proliferation and preadipocyte marker mRNA, and a greater number of proliferating cells in groups that were treated with NPY. Additionally, NPY treatment was associated with increased expression of fatty acid binding protein 4 and lipoprotein lipase during differentiation. In conclusion, these results suggest that NPY plays a role in promoting adipogenesis in chickens and that the mechanisms involve an increase in the synthesis of new preadipocytes and increased lipid synthesis and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061,United States
| | - Shiping Bai
- Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061,United States
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Blacksburg, VA 24061,United States
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Makkar A, Mishima T, Chang G, Scifres C, Sadovsky Y. Fatty acid binding protein-4 is expressed in the mouse placental labyrinth, yet is dispensable for placental triglyceride accumulation and fetal growth. Placenta 2014; 35:802-7. [PMID: 25096952 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatty Acid Binding Protein-4 (FABP4) is a member of a family of FABP proteins that regulate intracellular lipid trafficking in diverse tissues. We recently showed that FABP4 regulates triglyceride accumulation in primary human trophoblasts. To assess the function of placental FABP4 in vivo, we tested the hypothesis that FABP4 is expressed in the murine placenta, and regulates placenta triglyceride accumulation. METHODS C57Bl/6 wild type or Fabp4-null mice were time-bred, and fetuses and placentas harvested at different time points during pregnancy. Placental FABP4 expression was assessed at different gestational ages, using quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western immunoblotting. FABPs expression was examined by RT-qPCR. Placental lipids were extracted using the Folch method and triglyceride levels determined using a colorimetric quantification kit. RESULTS Using immunohistochemistry, we found that FABP4 was expressed in the placental labyrinthine layer, predominantly in endothelial cells in association with CD31 positive fetal capillaries. The level of placental FABP4 mRNA and protein increased from E12.5 to E16.5 and slightly decreased at E18.5. Breeding of Fabp4 heterozygous mice resulted in embryonic genotypes that followed a Mendelian distribution and exhibited normal weight and morphology, triglyceride content, and expression of other FABP family members. Exposure to hypoxia (O2 = 12%) between E12.5-E18.5 did not uncover a difference between wild type and Fabp4-null mice. CONCLUSIONS FABP4 is expressed in the mouse placental labyrinth, with highest expression at E16.5. FABP4 is dispensable for feto-placental growth and placental lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Makkar
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - T Mishima
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - G Chang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tsinghua University School of Medicine Education Program, Beijing, China
| | - C Scifres
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Y Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Kim JW. Topical prostaglandin analogue drugs inhibit adipocyte differentiation. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014; 28:257-64. [PMID: 24882960 PMCID: PMC4038732 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2014.28.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of topical prostaglandin analogue drugs on the differentiation of adipocytes. Methods Differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was induced with isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin. 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to 0.008, 0.08, 0.2 µM of latanoprost and travoprost. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ 2 (PPARγ2), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) assays were performed to examine the effects on early and late differentiation, respectively. Also, glycerol assays were done to evaluate the effect of prostaglandin analogues on lipolysis after differentiation. Results Both prostaglandin analogues inhibited differentiation of preadipocytes. Topical prostaglandin analogues significantly decreased G3PDH activity, a marker of late differentiation. However, topical prostaglandin analogues did not change mRNA expressions of lipoprotein lipase and PPARγ2, markers of early differentiation. The activities of the early markers of differentiation were not changed significantly before and after growth arrest. Compared to latanoprost, travoprost decreased G3PDH activity more significantly (p < 0.05). Both prostaglandin analogues did not affect the lipolysis of differentiated adipocytes (p > 0.05). Conclusions Prostaglandin analogues display an inhibitory effect on the differentiation of adipocytes when the cells start to differentiate especially in the late stage of differentiation. Thus, commercial topical prostaglandin analogues may decrease the fat contents of eyelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Kim HR, Kim JM, Kim MS, Hwang JK, Yang SH, Kim HJ, Lee DS, Oh H, Kim YC, Ryu DG, Lee YR, Kwon KB. Inhibitory effects of Pericarpium zanthoxyli extract on adipocyte differentiation. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1140-6. [PMID: 24573348 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor associated with numerous disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Pericarpium zanthoxyli extract (PZE) on the adipocytic differentiation of OP9 cells. During adipocyte differentiation, the OP9 cells were treated with 0, 10 and 20 µg/ml of PZE at various time intervals, followed by the examination of lipid droplet formation and the mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes. The cells treated with PZE during the early period (days 0-2) showed a significant reduction in the accumulation of lipid droplets, which were induced by a standard adipogenic cocktail, as well as a decrease in the expression of the adipogenesis-related transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and PPARγ-target genes, such as adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and other adipocyte markers. Adipocyte differentiation was not inhibited by treatment with PZE during the late stage of differentiation (days 3-5). Thus, the inhibitory effects of PZE on adipocyte differentiation occurred during the early stages of adipogenesis, which was confirmed by the decrease in the levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) in a dose-dependent manner when the OP9 cells were exposed to PZE. Taken together, our results indicate that PZE inhibit the early stages of adipogenic differentiation by inhibiting C/EBPβ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Rim Kim
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Mi Kim
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Seong Kim
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Hwang
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Hoon Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon 403-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Gon Ryu
- Department of Korean Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rae Lee
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Beom Kwon
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Obesity, defined as an excessive increase in white adipose tissue (WAT), is a global health epidemic. In obesity, WAT expands by increased adipocyte size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia). The location and cellular mechanisms of WAT expansion greatly affect the pathogenesis of obesity. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating adipocyte size, number, and depot-dependent expansion in vivo remain largely unknown. This perspective summarizes previous work addressing adipocyte number in development and obesity and discusses recent advances in the methodologies, genetic tools, and characterization of in vivo adipocyte precursor cells allowing for directed study of hyperplastic WAT growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Berry
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elise Jeffery
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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29
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Kim DM, Choi HR, Park A, Shin SM, Bae KH, Lee SC, Kim IC, Kim WK. Retinoic acid inhibits adipogenesis via activation of Wnt signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:455-9. [PMID: 23583383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although retinoic acid (RA) is well known to inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes both in vivo and in vitro, its molecular mechanism is not fully understood. In this report, we investigate the inhibitory mechanism of adipocyte differentiation by RA in 3T3-L1 cells. Because both RA and Wnt are known to inhibit adipogenesis at a common step involving the inhibition of PPAR-γ expression, we focused on the crosstalk between these two signaling pathways. We found that RA treatment resulted in a dramatic inhibition of adipogenesis, especially at an early phase of differentiation, and led to increased β-catenin protein expression. Moreover, RA enhances the transcriptional activity of β-catenin as well as Wnt gene expression during adipogenesis. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling may be associated with the RA-induced suppression of adipogenesis and may cooperatively inhibit adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Kim
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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Zhang CH, Xu GL, Liu YH, Rao Y, Yu RY, Zhang ZW, Wang YS, Tao L. Anti-diabetic activities of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:221-229. [PMID: 23219338 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GGQLD) is one of the well-known traditional Chinese medicines. Recently, it was reported that GGQLD had good clinical effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, few studies have confirmed in detail the anti-diabetic activities of GGQLD in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effects of GGQLD in high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The present results suggested GGQLD (4.95, 11.55 and 18.15 g/kg) decreased significantly fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein, and glycosylated hemoglobin of diabetic rats (p<0.05), and GGQLD (4.95 and 18.15 g/kg) decreased significantly fasting serum insulin levels of diabetic rats (p<0.05); in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Gegen Qinlian Decoction-containing serum (GGQLD-CS) (4%, 8% and 16%) enhanced glucose consumption, triglyceride (TG) content, adiponectin protein concentration and the mRNA expression of adiponectin. Adiponectin contributes to the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, and can play a critical role in the development of diabetes mellitus; the mechanisms of action of GGQLD might be related to augmentation of adiponectin protein concentration and up-regulation of the mRNA expression of adiponectin. However, the multi-target mechanisms of action of GGQLD need to be clarified further. The present study further validated the beneficial effects of GGQLD as an anti-diabetic agent. These findings provide a new insight into the anti-diabetic application for GGQLD in clinic and display the potential of GGQLD as a new drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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31
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Kralisch S, Fasshauer M. Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein: a novel adipokine involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic and vascular disease? Diabetologia 2013; 56:10-21. [PMID: 23052058 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (AFABP, also known as aP2 and FABP4) has recently been introduced as a novel fat-derived circulating protein. AFABP serum concentrations are positively correlated with markers of the metabolic syndrome and vascular disease in various cross-sectional and interventional studies. Furthermore, a small set of prospective studies indicates that high AFABP serum levels at baseline predict the risk for metabolic and vascular morbidity and mortality. Studies in Afabp (also known as Fabp4) knockout mice and AFABP inhibitor-treated animals suggest that total AFABP promotes insulin resistance, hypertriacylglycerolaemia and atherosclerosis by ligand/ligand delivery, as well as ligand-independent mechanisms. In contrast, the pathophysiological significance of circulating AFABP and the mechanisms leading to its release remain to be established. The current review summarises recent findings on the regulation and potential role of AFABP in metabolic and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kralisch
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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32
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Choi KM, Lee YS, Sin DM, Lee S, Lee MK, Lee YM, Hong JT, Yun YP, Yoo HS. Sulforaphane inhibits mitotic clonal expansion during adipogenesis through cell cycle arrest. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:1365-71. [PMID: 22282047 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for numerous metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. Adipocyte differentiation is triggered by adipocyte hyperplasia, which leads to obesity. In this study, the inhibitory effect of sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate, on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells was investigated. Sulforaphane decreased the accumulation of lipid droplets stained with Oil Red O and inhibited the elevation of triglycerides in the adipocytes (half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 7.3 µmol/l). The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), major transcription factors for adipocyte differentiation, was significantly reduced by sulforaphane. The major effects of sulforaphane on the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation occurred during the early stage of adipogenesis. Thus, the expression of C/EBPβ, an early-stage biomarker of adipogenesis, decreased in a concentration-dependent manner when the adipocytes were exposed to sulforaphane (0, 5, 10, and 20 µmol/l). The proliferation of adipocytes treated with 20 µmol/l sulforaphane for 24 and 48 h was also suppressed. These results indicate that sulforaphane may specifically affect mitotic clonal expansion to inhibit adipocyte differentiation. Sulforaphane arrested the cell cycle at the G(0)/G(1) phase, increased p27 expression, and decreased retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation. Additionally, sulforaphane modestly decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt. Our results indicate that the inhibition of early-stage adipocyte differentiation by sulforaphane may be associated with cell cycle arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase through upregulation of p27 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Mi Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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Lee EJ, Moon JY, Yoo BS. Cadmium inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte through the C/EBPα and PPARγ pathways. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 35:225-31. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.591401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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34
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Park JA, Park C, Han MH, Kim BW, Chung YH, Choi YH. Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation and Adipogenesis by Aged Black Garlic Extracts in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2011.21.5.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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35
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Mauvoisin D, Mounier C. Hormonal and nutritional regulation of SCD1 gene expression. Biochimie 2011; 93:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Oster RT, Tishinsky JM, Yuan Z, Robinson LE. Docosahexaenoic acid increases cellular adiponectin mRNA and secreted adiponectin protein, as well as PPARγ mRNA, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35:783-9. [DOI: 10.1139/h10-076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, a protein secreted from adipose tissue, has been shown to have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects, but its regulation is not completely understood. Long-chain n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) may be involved in adiponectin regulation as they are potential ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), a key transcription factor for the adiponectin gene. To examine this, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with 125 µmol·L–1 EPA, DHA, palmitic, or oleic acids complexed to albumin, or with albumin alone (control) for 24 h. Adipocytes were also incubated for 24 h with EPA and DHA plus bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether (BADGE), a PPARγ antagonist. Both EPA and DHA increased (p < 0.05) secreted adiponectin concentration compared with the control (44% and 102%, respectively), but did not affect cellular adiponectin protein content. Incubation with BADGE and DHA inhibited increases in secreted adiponectin protein, suggesting that DHA may act through a PPARγ-dependent mechanism. However, BADGE had no effect on EPA-induced increases in secreted adiponectin protein. Only DHA enhanced (p < 0.05) PPARγ and adiponectin mRNA expression compared wtih the control. Our results demonstrate that DHA increases cellular adiponectin mRNA and secreted adiponectin protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, possibly by a mechanism involving PPARγ. Moreover, DHA increased adiponectin concentration to a greater extent (40% more, p < 0.05) compared with EPA, emphasizing the need to consider the independent actions of EPA and DHA in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Oster
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Science and Nutrition Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Justine M. Tishinsky
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Science and Nutrition Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Zongfei Yuan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Science and Nutrition Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lindsay E. Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Science and Nutrition Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Yamamoto T, Yamaguchi H, Miki H, Kitamura S, Nakada Y, Aicher TD, Pratt SA, Kato K. A novel coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor stimulates lipid metabolism in muscle and lowers weight in animal models of obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 650:663-72. [PMID: 21034741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of triacylglycerol in adipocytes. Coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is one of two known DGAT enzymes that catalyze the final and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis. In this report, we describe the pharmacological effects of a novel selective DGAT1 inhibitor, Compound-A. This compound inhibited triacylglycerol synthesis in both adipocytes and skeletal myotubes, and increased fatty acid oxidation in skeletal myotubes at 1 μM. The repeated administration of Compound-A to diet-induced obese C57BL/6J and genetically obese KKA(y) mice (3-30 mg/kg for 3-4 weeks) significantly decreased the visceral fat pad weights and the hepatic lipid contents compared to controls without affecting food intake. In addition, fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle tissues was increased by the treatment of Compound-A in both mice strains. This is the first report demonstrating that a small synthetic DGAT1 inhibitor increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle in vitro and ex vivo. These results suggest that DGAT1 inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and lipid abnormalities such as hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Yamamoto
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan.
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Shin J, Li B, Davis ME, Suh Y, Lee K. Comparative analysis of fatty acid-binding protein 4 promoters: Conservation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor binding sites1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:3923-34. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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39
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Fowler JD, Johnson ND, Haroldson TA, Brintnall JA, Herrera JE, Katz SA, Bernlohr DA. Regulated renin release from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296:E1383-91. [PMID: 19293336 PMCID: PMC2692391 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00025.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Whereas adipose tissue possesses a local renin-angiotensin system, the synthesis and regulated release of renin has not been addressed. To that end, we utilized differentiating 3T3-L1 cells and analyzed renin expression and secretion. Renin mRNA expression and protein enzymatic activity were not detectable in preadipocytes. However, upon differentiation, renin mRNA and both intracellular and extracellular renin activity were upregulated. In differentiated adipocytes, forskolin treatment resulted in a 28-fold increase in renin mRNA, whereas TNFalpha treatment decreased renin mRNA fourfold. IL-6, insulin, and angiotensin (Ang) II were without effect. In contrast, forskolin and TNFalpha each increased renin protein secretion 12- and sevenfold, respectively. Although both forskolin and TNFalpha induce lipolysis in adipocytes, fatty acids, prostaglandin E(2), and lipopolysaccharide had no effect on renin mRNA or secretion. To evaluate the mechanism(s) by which forskolin and/or TNFalpha are able to regulate renin secretion, a general lipase inhibitor (E600) and PKA inhibitor (H89) were used. Both inhibitors attenuated forskolin-induced renin release, whereas they had no effect on TNFalpha-regulated secretion. In contrast, E600 potentiated forskolin-stimulated renin mRNA levels, whereas H89 had no effect. Neither inhibitor had any influence on TNFalpha regulation of renin mRNA. Relative to lean controls, renin expression was reduced 78% in the epididymal adipose tissue of obese male C57Bl/6J mice, consistent with TNFalpha-mediated downregulation of renin mRNA in the culture system. In conclusion, the expression and secretion of renin are regulated under a complex series of hormonal and metabolic determinants in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Fowler
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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40
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Taura D, Noguchi M, Sone M, Hosoda K, Mori E, Okada Y, Takahashi K, Homma K, Oyamada N, Inuzuka M, Sonoyama T, Ebihara K, Tamura N, Itoh H, Suemori H, Nakatsuji N, Okano H, Yamanaka S, Nakao K. Adipogenic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells: comparison with that of human embryonic stem cells. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:1029-33. [PMID: 19250937 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were recently established from human fibroblasts. In the present study we investigated the adipogenic differentiation properties of four human iPS cell lines and compared them with those of two human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines. After 12 days of embryoid body formation and an additional 10 days of differentiation on Poly-l-ornithine and fibronectin- coated dishes with adipogenic differentiation medium, human iPS cells exhibited lipid accumulation and transcription of adipogenesis-related molecules such as C/EBPalpha, PPARgamma2, leptin and aP2. These results demonstrate that human iPS cells have an adipogenic potential comparable to human ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Taura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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41
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Nielsen R, Pedersen TA, Hagenbeek D, Moulos P, Siersbaek R, Megens E, Denissov S, Børgesen M, Francoijs KJ, Mandrup S, Stunnenberg HG. Genome-wide profiling of PPARgamma:RXR and RNA polymerase II occupancy reveals temporal activation of distinct metabolic pathways and changes in RXR dimer composition during adipogenesis. Genes Dev 2009; 22:2953-67. [PMID: 18981474 DOI: 10.1101/gad.501108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation in vivo and ex vivo and has been shown to control the expression of several adipocyte-specific genes. In this study, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with deep sequencing to generate genome-wide maps of PPARgamma and retinoid X receptor (RXR)-binding sites, and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) occupancy at very high resolution throughout adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. We identify >5000 high-confidence shared PPARgamma:RXR-binding sites in adipocytes and show that during early stages of differentiation, many of these are preoccupied by non-PPARgamma RXR-heterodimers. Different temporal and compositional patterns of occupancy are observed. In addition, we detect co-occupancy with members of the C/EBP family. Analysis of RNAPII occupancy uncovers distinct clusters of similarly regulated genes of different biological processes. PPARgamma:RXR binding is associated with the majority of induced genes, and sites are particularly abundant in the vicinity of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Our analyses represent the first genome-wide map of PPARgamma:RXR target sites and changes in RNAPII occupancy throughout adipocyte differentiation and indicate that a hitherto unrecognized high number of adipocyte genes of distinctly regulated pathways are directly activated by PPARgamma:RXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Saito T, Abe D, Sekiya K. Flavanone exhibits PPARgamma ligand activity and enhances differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 380:281-5. [PMID: 19167359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Flavanones are class of polyphenolic compounds, some of which are found in foods and provide health benefits. In this study, we show that flavanone significantly enhances differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. During adipogenesis, flavanone enhanced expression of genes and accumulation of proteins that are involved in adipocyte function. Some reports have indicated that flavanone inhibits proliferation of mammalian cells, and down-regulates expression of growth-related proteins. Such proteins include phosphorylated ERK1/2, cyclins, and Cdks that are important for an early event in adipogenesis, mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). We demonstrated that flavanone did not inhibit MCE or expression of MCE-related proteins, except for a modest inhibition of cyclin D1 expression. Using luciferase reporter assays, we found that flavanone acted as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand in a dose-dependent manner. Together, our results suggest that flavanone enhances adipogenesis, at least in part, through its PPARgamma ligand activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Saito
- National Agricultural Research Center for Western Region, 1-3-1 Senyu-cho, Zentsuji 765-8508, Japan
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43
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Hishida T, Eguchi T, Osada S, Nishizuka M, Imagawa M. A novel gene, fad49, plays a crucial role in the immediate early stage of adipocyte differentiation via involvement in mitotic clonal expansion. FEBS J 2008; 275:5576-88. [PMID: 18959745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is accomplished via a complex series of steps, and the events at the earliest stage remain to be elucidated. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation, we previously isolated 102 genes expressed early in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells using a PCR subtraction system. About half of the genes isolated appeared to be unknown. After isolating full-length cDNAs of the unknown genes, one of them, named factor for adipocyte differentiation 49 (fad49), appeared to be a novel gene, as the sequence of this clone showed no identity to known genes. FAD49 contains a phox homology (PX) domain and four Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, suggesting that it may be a novel scaffold protein. We found that the PX domain of FAD49 not only has affinity for phosphoinositides, but also binds to its third SH3 domain. Expression of fad49 was transiently elevated 3 h after differentiation was induced, and diminished 24 h after induction. Induction of the fad49 gene was observed in adipocyte differentiable 3T3-L1 cells, but not in non-adipogenic NIH-3T3 cells. RNAi-mediated knockdown of fad49 significantly impaired adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, the knockdown of fad49 by RNAi inhibited mitotic clonal expansion, and reduced the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) and C/EBPdelta at the immediate early phase. Taken together, these results show that fad49, a novel gene, plays a crucial role in the immediate early stage of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Hishida
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Aichi, Japan
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Rodeheffer MS, Birsoy K, Friedman JM. Identification of white adipocyte progenitor cells in vivo. Cell 2008; 135:240-9. [PMID: 18835024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 707] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increased white adipose tissue (WAT) mass associated with obesity is the result of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes. However, the mechanisms controlling adipocyte number are unknown in part because the identity of the physiological adipocyte progenitor cells has not been defined in vivo. In this report, we employ a variety of approaches, including a noninvasive assay for following fat mass reconstitution in vivo, to identify a subpopulation of early adipocyte progenitor cells (Lin(-):CD29(+):CD34(+):Sca-1(+):CD24(+)) resident in adult WAT. When injected into the residual fat pads of A-Zip lipodystrophic mice, these cells reconstitute a normal WAT depot and rescue the diabetic phenotype that develops in these animals. This report provides the identification of an undifferentiated adipocyte precursor subpopulation resident within the adipose tissue stroma that is capable of proliferating and differentiating into an adipose depot in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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45
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Samulin J, Berget I, Lien S, Sundvold H. Differential gene expression of fatty acid binding proteins during porcine adipogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 151:147-52. [PMID: 18621139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Four different subtypes of fatty acid binding proteins i.e. liver-type FABP1, heart/muscle-type FABP3, adipocyte-type FABP4 and epithelial/epidermal-type FABP5 are expressed in adipose tissue. However, only the regulatory role of FABP4 in adipogenesis has been thoroughly investigated. To increase the knowledge on possible roles of these FABP subtypes in preadipocyte differentiation, gene expression patterns were examined during adipogenesis in pig (Sus scrofa). FABP1 expression was induced in proliferating cells, whereas FABP3, FABP4 and FABP5 expression increased throughout preadipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, the FABP4 and FABP5 expression increased early in the differentiation, followed by FABP3 later in the differentiation process. This indicates a role of FABP4 and FABP5 in intracellular fatty acid transport during initiation of differentiation, whereas, FABP3 likely is involved in the transport of fatty acids during intermediate stages of adipogenesis. In this study we demonstrate that FABP3, FABP4 and FABP5 expression is correlated with that of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARA and PPARG). Altogether, this suggests a role of FABP1 during cell proliferation, whereas a coordinated expression of FABP3, FABP4 and FABP5 together with that of PPARA, PPARG1 and PPARG2 might be critical for the metabolic regulation during porcine adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Samulin
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway.
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46
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Rehmannia inhibits adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 371:185-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chung KY, Johnson BJ. Application of cellular mechanisms to growth and development of food producing animals1,2. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:E226-35. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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48
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Ohsaki H, Sawa T, Sasazaki S, Kano K, Taniguchi M, Mukai F, Mannen H. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA expression during bovine adipocyte differentiation in primary culture derived from Japanese Black and Holstein cattle. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 148:629-34. [PMID: 17851104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). In cattle, the MUFAs are related to softness and flavor of meat. In order to investigate gene expression profile during bovine preadipocyte differentiation, we isolated stromal-vascular cells from perirenal adipose tissues of Japanese Black and Holstein steers. Gene expression level of adipocyte type fatty acid binding protein (FABP4), SCD, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP-alpha) were elucidated by real-time PCR assay. The levels of SCD mRNA expression were significantly increased to 10.8 and 6.3-fold in Japanese Black and Holstein, respectively, on day 1 of the culture. The difference in SCD expression between the two breeds may reflect differences in the fat development characteristics of the cattle breeds. Although transcription factors SREBP1 and C/EBP-alpha are supposed to regulate SCD expression, expression levels of the two factors were not completely consistent with that of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohsaki
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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49
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Hishida T, Naito K, Osada S, Nishizuka M, Imagawa M. peg10, an imprinted gene, plays a crucial role in adipocyte differentiation. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:4272-8. [PMID: 17707377 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An imprinted gene, paternally expressed gene (peg) 10, was isolated as one of the genes expressed early in adipogenesis. The expression of peg10 was elevated after the addition of inducers, and was detected in adipocyte differentiable 3T3-L1 cells, but not observed in the non-adipogenic cell line NIH-3T3. Moreover, the knockdown of peg10 by RNA interference (RNAi) inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into lipid-laden adipocytes. Interestingly, peg10 RNAi-treatment reduced the expressions of C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta, and inhibited mitotic clonal expansion. These findings strongly indicate that peg10 plays a crucial role at the immediate early stage of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Hishida
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
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Nicholson AC, Hajjar DP, Zhou X, He W, Gotto AM, Han J. Anti-adipogenic action of pitavastatin occurs through the coordinate regulation of PPARgamma and Pref-1 expression. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:807-15. [PMID: 17549051 PMCID: PMC2014134 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adipocyte differentiation in vitro is coordinately activated by two transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha), but it is inhibited by preadipocyte factor-1 (pref-1). Statins, inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase and de novo cholesterol synthesis, can have pleiotropic effects which influence adipocyte phenotype by ill-defined mechanisms. We investigated the effects of pitavastatin (NK-104) on adipocyte differentiation and the transcriptional pathways involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of pitavastatin on adipocyte differentiation were evaluated by the formation of oil droplets, content of cellular triglyceride and expression of adipocyte-specific genes. Regulatory mechanisms were assessed by analysis of PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha and pref-1 expression. KEY RESULTS Pitavastatin significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in response to adipogenic inducers. Evidence for inhibition included fewer Oil Red O positive droplets, less cellular triglyceride and decreased expression of adipocyte-specific genes, including fatty acid binding protein (aP2), CD36, adipsin and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). The inhibitory effects of pitavastatin on adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were time and concentration dependent. Pitavastatin significantly blocked induction of PPARgamma expression, but not C/EBPalpha expression or DNA binding activity of PPARgamma. Also, pitavastatin induced pref-1 expression in preadipocytes and maintained expression of pref-1 at high levels in differentiated cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that pitavastatin inhibits adipocyte differentiation by blocking PPARgamma expression and activating pref-1 expression. These studies may have implications in the regulation of adipogenesis in response to statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Nicholson
- Department of Pathology, Center of Vascular Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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